A software security detection method, apparatus and device. The method comprises: a network management device obtaining original summary information from a network element device, the original summary information being summary information generated by the network element device for software code loaded in a memory; the network management device receiving verification summary information sent by the network element device, the verification summary information being summary information generated by the network element device during the running of the software code; and the network management device comparing the verification summary information with the original summary information to determine whether they are consistent, if the two pieces of information is not consistent, determining that the software code is not secure, and if the two pieces of information is consistent, determining that the software code is secure. By using embodiments of the present invention, whether software suffers a malicious attack during the running of the software can be detected because a network element device can send, to a network management device, summary information during the running of the software, so that the security of software running on the network element device can be protected, thereby improving the dynamic security of the software.


Cancer is one of the major causes of death all over the word. Research dedicated to understanding and combating cancer continues to attract the interest of scientists. In this paper, we investigate a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations describing a tumor growth model accounting for angiogenic stimulation and inhibition. This model has a high Lipschitz constant which renders the implementation of the standard high-gain observer very complicated. To overcome this problem, we propose in this paper to use a HG/LMI-based observer strategy to estimate the tumor volume. By combining the high-gain methodology with linear matrix inequalities based technique, such an observer allows reducing significantly the high-gain tuning parameter which improves highly the performances with respect to measurement noise, and avoids the peaking phenomenon. These two advantages, which are the weaknesses of the standard high-gain observer, play an important role in very sensitive applications like tumor growth control. The numerical simulations show the superiority of the HG/LMI-based observer compared to other observers in the literature.


This paper presents aerodynamic parameters estimation techniques for an autonomous quadrotor through the implementation of Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF). EKF and UKF have known to be typical estimation techniques used to estimate the state vectors and parameters of nonlinear dynamical systems. In this paper, three main processes are highlighted; dynamic modeling of the quadrotor, the implementation of EKF and the implementation of UKF algorithms. The aim is to identify and estimate the needed parameters for an autonomous quadrotor. The obtained results demonstrate the performances of EKF and UKF based on the flight test applied to the quadrotor system.


Medical and health practitioners will learn about the latest developments in the field of anti-ageing at Australia's first conference in Anti-Ageing and Aesthetic Medicine to be held on 20-21 October 2007 at the Sofitel Hotel, Melbourne. The conference, organised by the AustralAsian Academy of Anti-Ageing Medicine (A5M), will feature international and local pioneers of anti-ageing medicine including Dr Robert Goldman, founder of the American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine (A4M) and National Academy of Sports Medicine. The conference will embrace the whole growing area of anti-ageing with topics such as building a sustainable anti-ageing and preventative medicine practice, genetics, hormones, hair loss & restoration, diet & exercise physiology, pain management, obesity, cosmetic procedures including non-surgical body sculpting and fillers & injectables, cognitive function & depression and others. Other speakers will include well-known weight-loss practitioner Dr Denise Bruner, President of the International Council of Integrative Medicine, Professor Avni Sali, Director of the Australian College of Holistic Medicine, Dr Melvyn Sydney-Smith and leading Australian Biochemist, Nutritionist and Dietician Henry Osiecki. Dr Michael Zacharia, President of A5M, said the popularity of the field of anti-ageing has grown considerably in the past decade. "People live longer and so they want to look and feel younger as well. The principle behind anti-ageing is to give these people the opportunity to live a longer and healthier life without diseases," he said. "We talk about the five pillars of anti-ageing – diet, exercise, relaxation, supplements and medication. We will address all of these during the conference," Dr Zacharia said. The A5M conference will have two streams running in parallel – anti-ageing medicine and cosmetic medicine. The anti-ageing medicine section is aimed at a wide range of practitioners and therapists, while the cosmetic medicine section targets cosmetic physicians and general practitioners. A5M is offering an early Bird special of $675 for members of A5M and $845 for non-


The invention relates to a dry-wet combined industrial circulating water cooling system, which is mainly applied to an industrial circulating water cooling process in the industries of chemical industry, metallurgy and the like. The dry-wet combined industrial circulating water cooling system comprises a dry cooling tower (1), a closed wet cooling tower (2), a water inlet main pipe (3), a water return main pipe (4), a bypass pipe (5), a valve (6) and cooled equipment, wherein the dry cooling tower (1) comprises a dry cooling tower body (1-2) and an air cooling radiator (1-1); the closed wet cooling tower (2) comprises a wet cooling tower body (2-3), a cooling fan (2-1), a cooling water pipeline (2-4), a cooling water nozzle (2-2) and a cooling coil (2-5); the dry cooling tower (1) and theclosed wet cooling tower (2) are arranged in series; and a pipeline through which industrial circulating water is discharged out of the dry cooling tower (1) and enters the closed wet cooling tower (2) is provided with the bypass pipe (5) which is communicated with the water return main pipe (4). According to the industrial circulating water cooling system, the water consumption is lowered, the water resource is saved, the temperature of circulating water can be lowered, and higher requirements are met.


By [Formula: see text]-method, the interaction Morawetz estimate, long-time Strichartz estimate and local smoothing effect of Schrödinger operator, we show global well-posedness and scattering for the defocusing Hartree equation [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], with radial data in [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]. It is a sharp global result except the critical case [Formula: see text], which is a very difficult open problem.


Two different agro wastes (banana pseudostem and rice straw) were utilized in order to extract biopolymer (pectin) known as coagulant aid in water and wastewater treatment. Factors such as pH, temperature and time were chosen due to the critical role in hot acid extraction process. The yield of biopolymer extraction from banana pseudostem was found to be higher at 28% meanwhile only 18% from rice straw was manage to produce from the dry weight 10 g, respectively. It was found that extraction temperature and extraction time were the most important factors influencing the biopolymer yield which increased with temperature and time or decreasing pH. Based on two level factorial design, the same condition of pH 1.5, temperature 90 oC and 4 hours extraction time can produce high amount of extracted biopolymer. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to detect the existence of functional group which helps in the coagulation-flocculation process. Result indicates a similar functional group of biopolymer were detected for both difference agro wastes.


Objective
To investigate and compare the professional cognition between trainees of general practitioner (GP) assistant training program (3+2 mode) and GP training program (5+3 mode) in Shanghai.

Methods
A questionnaire survey on professional cognition was conducted among 30 trainees [(22.6±0.7) y, 16.7% male] of 3+2 program from Jiading District and 76 trainees [(24.6±1.8) y, 35.5% male] of 5+3 program from 6 GP training bases in Shanghai during August to October 2012.

Results
The overall assessment of 3+2 trainees was higher than that of 5+3 trainees in three aspects: "the social status of GPs" (mean rank 69.37 vs. 47.24, Z=-3.589, P<0.001), "the career prospects of GPs" (mean rank 66.13 vs. 48.51, Z=-2.953, P=0.003) and "the social demand for GPs" (mean rank 68.17 vs. 47.71, Z=-3.261, P=0.001). 93.4% (28/30) of 3+2 trainees and 47.4% (36/76) 5+3 trainees considered that what was most needed for any improvement of GPs was raising income. The expected income of 5+3 trainees was higher than that of 3+2 trainees [(8436±2963) vs. (6600±2694) yuan/m, t=-3.087, P=0.003]. About employment intention, only 35.5% (27/76) of 5+3 trainees regarded community health service centers as first choice, while 39.5% (30/76) of them preferred secondary or tertiary hospitals. Logistic regression showed that the preferred employment intention of 5+3 trainees was not related to their gender, household registry, school of graduation, educational background, study major, working experience and expected income.

Conclusions
The survey indicates that the professional cognition of 5+3 trainees need to be improved, their employment intention need to be adjusted and their income need to be raised.

Key words:
Physician assistants; General practioner; Career choice; Questionnaires


We consider the approximation of singularly perturbed linear second-order boundary value problems by hp-finite element methods. In particular, we include the case where the associated differential operator may not be coercive. Within this setting we derive an a posteriori error estimate for a natural residual norm. The error bound is robust with respect to the perturbation parameter and fully explicit with respect to both the local mesh size h and the polynomial degree p.


Studio pedagogy is intrinsic to most education programmes within the built environment higher education sector. As student numbers increase and academic institutions place pressure on staff to achieve more with less, improve student retention and heighten the first year experience, appropriate and effective pedagogies become critical. Consequently, studio teaching and learning environments, and in particular planning studios in most countries have been re-thought and re-structured in recent years. Our paper will draw upon some of the literature on the first year experience and planning studio teaching and learning in general. We will discuss the changes made to the first year planning studio and comment on possibilities for and relevance of planning studios, specifically in relation to the first year experience and as a means to address the institutional call for economic and efficient teaching models that deliver excellence teaching and learning outcomes. Results show that by restructuring a planning studio to include an intensive mode of delivery, time and cost saving can be achieved and student outcomes improved.


This paper presents a graph-based method for all-word word sense disambiguation of biomedical texts using semantic relatedness as edge weight. Semantic relatedness is derived from a term-topic co-occurrence matrix. The sense inventory is generated by the MetaMap program. Word sense disambiguation is performed on a disambiguation graph via a vertex centrality measure. The proposed method achieves competitive performance on a benchmark dataset.


This study aims to determine the effectiveness of training in making interactive worksheets with Wizer. me on the ability and knowledge of SDN 26 Mataram teachers in making interactive worksheets. This research is quantitative research with a pre-experimental design type one group pretest-posttest. This research includes population research because all 12 teachers are the research subjects. The instrument used was 10 multiple choice questions which were used as pretest and posttest questions. The data analysis technique used a normality test as a prerequisite for analysis, paired sample t-test, an effect size test, and an N-Gain test. All data are normally distributed as indicated by the normality test. The paired sample t-test test shows that there is a difference between the pretest and posttest values where the posttest value is higher than the pretest value. The average value of the N-Gain score is 45.6944 or 46% (less effective). The minimum N-gain score is 0 and the maximum is 83.33%. The conclusion is that training on making interactive worksheets with Wizer. me is less effective in improving the skills and knowledge of SDN 26 teachers in making interactive worksheets.


There is a significant positive relation between Tobin's q-ratio and the magnitude of stock market reaction to capital investment announcements. The findings have the following implications for capital investment theory: (i) the results provide evidence substantiating the link between the q-ratio and real investment for industrial firms. For public utilities however, no such link exists. (ii) The study finds that average q and marginal q are correlated but the relation is somewhat more complicated than simple quality as assumed by numerous empirical studies. (iii) The findings suggest that investors can use average Tobin's q-ratio to identify companies with profitable real capital investment opportunities. Copyright 1997 by MIT Press.


Sustainability requires that the productive base measured in terms of comprehensive wealth of a society should be increasing on per capita basis. Comprehensive wealth includes manufactured, human and natural capital along with knowledge base and institutions. This study offers methodological improvements and provides estimates of the growth rate of per capita comprehensive wealth over the period 1970-2006 for Indian economy. It considers air, water and soil degradation along with energy, minerals and forests depletion. To measure the value and composition of investment in natural capital, it estimates resource depreciation allowances on the basis of Hotelling rent; it adjusts education expenditure for depreciation in human capital; and uses the estimates of TFP that takes into account natural capital in the production of commodities and services. The empirical application suggests that Indian economy is barely sustainable. Growth rate of per capita comprehensive wealth was virtually near zero, it was only 0.15 percent per year for the study period. The growth rate was negative till 1983. Thereafter it became positive; however it was less than one percent in 1980s and 1990s. In recent years the growth rate was about 4 percent. Despite certain limitations, the study underscores the need for vigorous public policies that help in preventing excessive resource depletion and promoting higher genuine investment.


This investigation explored time orientation and associations with participation in leisure activities. The Experiential Inventory, a projective technique, assessed time orientation by having respondents list their most important life experiences and then match each experience with a past, present, or future time. Data from 149 randomly selected respondents in a southwestern metropolitan area provided evidence that time orientation can be significantly associated with participation in a large number of leisure activities. The present findings showed a future time orientation seemed very important for understanding participation in leisure activities.


Background: The interaction between astrocytes and microglia plays a vital role in the damage and repair of brain lesions due to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recent studies have shown that exosomes act as potent mediators involved in intercellular communication. Methods: In the current study, the expression of in�ammatory factors and miR-873a-5p in the lesion area and edema area was evaluated in 15 patients with traumatic brain injury. Exosomes secreted by astrocytes were detected by immuno�uorescence, Western blot, and electron microscopy. A mouse model of TBI and an in vitro model of lps-induced primary microglia were established to study the protective mechanism of exosomes from miR-873a-5p-overexpressing in TBI-induced nerve injury. Results: We discovered that exosomes derived from activated astrocytes promote microglial M2 phenotype transformation following TBI. More than 100 miRNAs were detected in these astrocyte-derived exosomes. miR-873a-5p is a major component that was highly expressed in human traumatic brain tissue. Moreover, miR-873a-5p signi�cantly inhibited LPS-induced microglial M1 phenotype transformation and the subsequent in�ammation through decreased phosphorylation of ERK and NF-κB p65. This effect also greatly improved the mNSS score and attenuated brain injury in a strictly controlled cortical impact mouse model. Conclusions: Taken together, our research indicates that miRNAs in the exosomes derived from activated astrocytes play a key role in the astrocyte-microglia interaction. miR-873a-5p, as one of the main components of these astrocyte-derived exosomes, attenuated microglia-mediated neuroin�ammation and improved neurological de�cits following TBI by inhibiting the NF-kB signalling pathway. These �ndings suggest a potential role for miR-873a-5p in treating traumatic brain injury.


A large percentage of people with autism or developmental disorders, which are mental disabilities, have sensory hypersensitivity. Therefore, the spread of "quiet rooms" in which they can feel at ease in social life is a necessary element in realizing a symbiotic society. However, the high cost of installing quiet rooms, which require highly soundproof rooms isolated from the outside, is an obstacle to their widespread use. The Inclusive Quiet Room is a new concept of portable quiet rooms that combines an easy-to-construct instant house, immersive videos, and relaxing sounds. In addition to enabling many people to experience the benefits of the room, the work proposes an image of the future quiet rooms that can be easily constructed anywhere. In this paper, we analyze the effectiveness of the Inclusive Quiet Room, exhibited in France, based on survey data from 372 respondents. Through the analysis, the relaxation effects and the demands for quiet rooms are substantiated. The room gives the feeling of being warmly embraced and secured. If all people including those without mental disorders could experience this embraced feeling, they would understand the need and benefits of relaxing environments for the people with sensory hypersensitivities.


Objective:The aims of this experiment are to study the Effect of Oxygen free radicals and NO on the Cochlea of Guinea Pig. Methods:Thirty-six healthy guinea pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups.GroupⅠ(n=12),the normal control group.Group Ⅱ(n=12),the saline control group.50μl sterile saline was instilled into each tympanic cavity.Group Ⅲ(n=12),the endotoxin group.50μl of 1μg/μl solution of LPS was instilled into each tympanic cavity.Inner ear function of the all guinea pigs was assessed by auditory brainstem response ardiometry(ABR).Three of the guinea pigs were used to measure the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) in cochlear and five of the guinea pigs were used to measure the concentrations of nitric oxide(NO) in cochlear and two guinea pigs were used to observe morphology features by scanning electron microscope.Results: In group Ⅲ,the latencies and thresholds ofⅠwave,Ⅱ wave,the ABR threshold had elevatory tendencies compared with those in other groups(P0.05).The activities of SOD showed a statistically significant decrease(P0.05) and the concentrations of NO showed a statistically significant increase in group Ⅲ compared with those in other groups(P0.05).In group Ⅲ,basal cochlear turn showed disarrangement of inner hair cell stereocilia and outer hair cell stereocilia and loss of hair cells.Conclusions: The enhanced contents of both superoxide anion(O) and nitric oxide(NO) may be part of the mechanism of the pathological injury of the cochlear induced by endotoxin.


Objective:To explore the effect of evidence based nursing on the elderly with anodynia gastrointestinal endoscopy.Method:112 elderly patients,aged over 70 years old,preferred to anodynia gastrointestinal endoscopy,We divided them into test group(56 cases)and the control group(56 cases)in random.The patients in control group were nursed according to anodynia gastrointestinal endoscopic nursing regulations;those in test group were nursed by finding out the most urgent nursing problem,abiding by most valuable and trust worthy nursing guidelines,to adapt the best nursing care.The indexes before and after endoscopy in two groups were recorded and compared.Result:The most urgent and frequent problem was psychological problem.The psychological reaction in test group was significantly less than that in control group,the level and fluctuation of blood pressure and heart rate before and during endoscopy in test group were less than those in control group(P0.01).Conclusion:Evidence based nursing can release the psychological pressure of the elderly with anodynia gastrointestinal endoscopy,and has a better effect than the traditional nursing.


The purpose of this study is to determine health related factors that affect neonatal, post neonatal, infant and child mortality. For this, the data is collected using multistage sampling technique and direct method of mortality estimation, contingency analysis and logistic regression procedure has been applied. The results show post-neonatal mortality rate (PNNMR) is higher for the children who are not immunized at all (e.g., PNNMR is 250.00 per 1000 live births). The infant of the house gets treatment facility from traditional sources considerably have higher mortality and also respondents who have not taken medical check up, while lower in mothers' child who get sufficient medical check up (e.g. child mortality rate (CMR) is 6.13 per1000 live births). The Chi-square (X^2) test result implies that immunization, treatment place and medical check up during pregnancy are highly significantly associated with neonatal, post neonatal, infant and child mortality. Multivariate analysis results designate immunization, types of delivery, medical check up duration of pregnancy and health check up for child have crucial influence on mortality of post-neonatal period but in infant and child period, immunization practices and treatment place of women have significant effects on mortality. Therefore, women are required to bring in cycle of women-child health awareness based programme and community health system to reduce infant and child mortality in Bangladesh.


A case study is presented of a waste management system for a construction project in Brisbane. The study incorporates the assessment of the current on-site waste management operations plan, a financial feasibility providing a comparison between traditional waste disposal methods, waste disposal methods as adopted on this site, and proposed environmental ideal waste management methods. The results indicate that the total cost of waste handling and disposal for the project was approximately the same as for traditional methods. For an idealized system of total waste management, there would have been an increase of cost of 66% over the traditional method. It is also shown that the waste separation system was not realized to its fullest potential, mainly due to difficult site conditions and the subcontractor's unfamiliarity with a Waste Management Scheme and that it is likely that improvement in these areas would require better control and planning of waste handling.


An unusual fibrous band in the medial brachial region was found during routine anatomical dissection of the left upper limb of a 67-y-old female cadaver. This interesting structure started from the posterior layer of the pectoral major fascia. The fibrous band emerged from the lower border of the pectoralis major close to its humeral attachment, it then crossed obliquely downwards and posteriorly the medial brachial region and finally it was attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Most probably, this fibrous structure represents a remnant from the chondroepitrochlearis - a variant muscle that is rarely observed in man. Because this fibrous band has very close relations to the brachial vessels and the median and ulnar nerves in the arm, in certain circumstances it may probably cause neurovascular compression.


Abstract The class of discrete time, linear, reachable and observable systems with known parameters are considered: the regulation problem is addressed when the output channel is corrupted by additive unmodelled bounded noise and the input channel is affected by disturbances generated by a linear exosystem with unknown eigenvalues on the unit circle. Only an upper bound on the number of exosystem unknown eigenvalues is supposed to be known. A constructive robust algorithm is proposed to drive the regulation error exponentially into a set whose magnitude depends on the unmodelled noise magnitude. The control strategy includes an online detector of the number of excited exosystem unknown modes. An illustrative example containing a variable number of excited modes is worked out and simulated.


This paper investigates the relationship between pollution and life satisfaction in countries around the globe over recent decades. Our empirical model allows both per capita income and pollution to enter as arguments of a life satisfaction 'production function'. The results reveal that pollution has a negative marginal impact on the level of life satisfaction of citizens of countries - although this negative impact is reduced as these countries become more economically prosperous. We conclude that interactions between per capita income and pollution should be considered in empirical studies assessing life satisfaction.


In colliders such as RHIC, the radiation levels are well below those of colliders such as LHC. The problem is that there can be enough radiation at the inner detector (Multiplicity-Vertex Detector or MVD) to significantly affect a low-priced, non-radiation-hard CMOS process. If the radiation affects the entire analog memory unit (AMU) in a uniform fashion, then a real-time correction should be able to be performed to correct any changes seen in the memory as well as the induced correlated noise from detector pickup, thus precluding the need for a more expensive rad-hard process. This paper will present testing on memories fabricated in a "soft" process and exposed to ionizing radiation. We used a single pipeline as a reference to be subtracted in a cell-by-cell basis from each pipe during read out and investigated the spatial effects of using different pipes for the reference. Use of this method reduced the noise which was common to all pipes (common-mode noise) and thus reduced both common-mode input noise and pattern noise generated from address lines being exercised on the AMU. The correlation across the memories (6-, 8-, and 16-channel AMUs fabricated in the Orbit 1.2 /spl mu/ CMOS process) vs. radiation dose was found to be on the order of 10 bits. Both pre- and post-radiation results are presented on systems designed for PHENIX and WA98 at CERN as well as measured results on the minimization of the effects of injected systematic noise.


The cloud computing paradigm provides support for elastic resources and unstructured data, and provides pay-peruse features that allow individual businesses to run their own web crawlers for crawling the Internet or a limited web hosts. In this paper, we propose a cloud-based web crawler architecture that uses cloud computing features and the Map Reduce programming technique. The proposed web crawler allows us to crawl the web by using distributed agents and each agent stores its own finding on a PostgreSQL using amazon web services. The proposed web crawler also could store unstructured and massive amount of data on PostgreSQL. Keywords--SQL, Web, URL


In this paper we give Kummer's original type congruence relation modulo a prime power for the universal Bernoulli numbers. Although the index of the power is half of original congruence, this estimate is best possible.


The modeling of electrical characteristics of connections is an important stage of the design phase of a structure. Indeed, they have an impact on the current density distributions inside conductors as well as on the current distributions when several components are connected in parallel. In the case of a return plane in the studied structure as for power electronics converters or railway applications, the model of connections has to be improved in order to represent the physics better. For the first application field, the cooling system itself can be a ground plane, and for the second one, the earth has to be modeled. This paper presents different ways to take into account a return plane while modeling the electrical equivalent circuit of connections above it. It starts with the simplest one, the image method, and continues with the use of a complex skin depth result of solving the Carson integral.


In this paper, we present a W-Band load pull test bench used to improve a characterization of Silicon Germanium Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (SiGe HBT). High accuracy is obtained in Load-pull measurements at 94 GHz on last-generation SiGe HBTs by extracting the input reflection hot S-parameter (S'11), in order to understand the mechanisms of power behavior in the presence of millimeter-wave excitations. The device under test (0.12×4.9μm2) was characterized under large signal load pull showing attractive performance for power amplifier design. A state-of-the-art power density of 22.26 mW/μm2 has been extracted at 94 GHz.


Quantum fully homomorphic encryption (QFHE) allows to evaluate quantum circuits on encrypted data. We present a novel QFHE scheme, which extends Pauli one-time pad encryption by relying on the quaternion representation of SU(2). With the scheme, evaluating 1-qubit gates is more efficient, and evaluating general quantum circuits is polynomially improved in asymptotic complexity.
Technically, a new encrypted multi-bit control technique is proposed, which allows to perform any 1-qubit gate whose parameters are given in the encrypted form. With this technique, we establish a conversion between the new encryption and previous Pauli one-time pad encryption, bridging our QFHE scheme with previous ones. Also, this technique is useful for private quantum circuit evaluation.
The security of the scheme relies on the hardness of the underlying quantum capable FHE scheme, and the latter sets its security on the learning with errors problem and the circular security assumption.


Leverage creativity, ingenuity, and focus to make something work, to make it better, to make it more accessible. Create something new and valuable with even severely limited resources. Isn't this a core tenet of good design? Welcome to jugaad innovation.

A scientist's vision and a $1 origami-based microscope could revolutionize STEM education and healthcare across the globe.


The degradation mechanisms of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on sapphire, Si, and SiC substrates, under 2 MeV proton irradiation are investigated. It was determined by electron channeling contrast imaging that the threading dislocation density of the AlGaN/GaN epitaxial layers is highest on sapphire substrates and lowest on SiC substrates. Photoluminescence spectroscopy confirmed the material quality order from worst to best to be AlGaN/GaN grown on sapphire, Si, and SiC substrates, respectively. The radiation response of sheet carrier density was not statistically different for HEMTs on each substrate, however the mobility degraded more for HEMTs with less initial dislocations (on SiC) than more defective HEMTs (on sapphire).


Taking the project of a cement group's informatization construction in China as an example,this paper probes into some difficult points in group's informatization construction,and analyzes the core elements for the successful construction of group's informatization from five aspects of the product,manpower,communication,method and fund.


The influence of the ion mass on the stabilization of drift oscillations by shear was investigated in a toroidal l=3 stellarator. A threshold shear value that depends on M/sub i/ and starting with which a strong suppression of the oscillations sets in has been observed. It is shown that the drift oscillation level in the entire range of shear variation is smaller the larger the ion mass.


In order to evaluate the function of "Intestine and Stomach Cleaning Oral Liquid"in treating chronic gastritis complicated with infection of H.Pylori,99 cases were randomly divided into 51 cases in the treatment group(A) and 48 cases in the control group(B) and treated respectively by"Intestine and Stomach Cleaning Oral Liquid"and medications of "three combinations"(De nol Tablets,Amoxycillin Capsules and Tabellae metronidazoli)for 2 weeks.The results showed that the eradicating rate of H.pylori was respectively 78 43% and 83 33%( P 0 05)in two groups and that the symptom relieving rate was respectively 86 27%~94 12% and 62 5%~79 17%( P 0 05)in the two groups.The paper strip method indicates that"Intestine and Stomach Cleaning Oral Liquid"is highly sensitive to H.pylori,indicating that it has a better therapeutic effect for the patients with chronic gastritis in positive H.Pylori.


About 200 thermal conductivity measurements were made on a wide selection of cuttings and core from three North Sea wells: well-x, 7/3-1 and 27/3-1. These data are examined in relation to the North Sea geothermal regime, log derived rock properties and the occurrence of hydrocarbons. Vertical variations of geothermal gradient are inversely correlated with thermal conductivity; the mean heat flow is 63 mW . m/sup -2/. Vertical variations of heat flow are shown, by numerical modelling, to be accounted for by structural relief of units of varying thermal conductivity. Measurements on seventeen Jurassic samples indicated a thermal conductivity, well-x mean 1.41 +- .33 W . m/sup -1/ . K/sup -1/, 7/3-1 mean 1.51 +- .32 W . m/sup -1/ . K/sup -1/, significantly lower than that for the other sedimentary units (1.74 - 4.22 W . m/sup -1/ . K /sup -1/). Such a low conductivity unit would not only have a high geothermal gradient (42/sup 0/C . Km/sup -1/) but would also act as a thermal blanket. The implications for hydrocarbon genesis, both in terms of shale distillation and fluid mobilization, are obvious.


The invention relates to a method for preparing azithromycin sustained releasing eye drops, and belongs to the field of biological pharmacy. The method includes the steps that injection water and azithromycin are evenly stirred, taurine is added, the pH value is adjusted, and then maltose is added to be stirred; gelatin, injection water and polyethylene glycol are taken to be stirred, and the prepared solution is poured into a container and stirred; disodium edetate dihydrate serving as complexing agents and sodium chloride are added into the container and stirred, then phospholipid and cholesterol are added, absolute ethyl alcohol is added to be stirred, then the solution is arranged on a film evaporator to be filtered, and a phospholipid membrane is prepared; the phospholipid membrane is placed into the prepared solution, injection water, mannitol, chitin and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose are added to be stirred, the solution is arranged in an ultraviolet sterilizing box to be sterilized, the sterilized solution is filtered through a microfiltration membrane, and the azithromycin sustained releasing eye drops are prepared. The method has the advantages that the bioavailability is high, and fatigue can be relieved; a user does not need to frequently use the drops, and the required cost is low.


Low-rank matrix factorization finds applications in large number of problems in signal processing and machine learning. Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is a standard technique for solving large scale matrix factorization problems. However, SGD can only solve the problem when the matrix is directly observed. There are several applications where the matrix is not directly observed but is only available via linear projections. In such a case the problem is to estimate the low-rank matrix from its projections. To solve such problems, we have derived an algorithm based on the majorization minimization approach – this effectively decouples the projection from the matrix factorization problem via Landweber iterations. After decoupling, the factorization problem can be solved efficiently using SGD. The original matrix factorization problem decomposed a matrix into two dense matrices. In recent times, several applications required being factored into a dense and sparse component. We recast such problems into the original low-rank matrix factorization framework via the Iterative Reweighted Least Squares technique. The proposed algorithm is applied to two problems. The first one is on collaborative filtering where the problem is to predict user's choices on unrated items based on the user's and other user's choices on similar items. Traditionally this problem was to recast into a matrix factorization problem via latent factor modeling. However, we noticed that significantly better recovery is achieved when instead of factoring the matrix into two dense matrices; it is factored into a dense and a sparse matrix. In this thesis we have explained this phenomenon intuitively. The second problem we look at is a dynamic MRI recovery problem. Here the problem is to recover a sequence of dynamic MRI frames from the observed samples. This turns out to be a low-rank recovery problem owing to the spatial correlations among successive frames. However, upon closer look it turns out that the spatial correlation can be modeled as a smoothly varying function which in turn has a compact support in the Fourier domain. Thus, this too can be recast as a matrix factorization into sparse and dense components. Our approach does not improve the accuracy of recovery but helps achieve the goal in a more efficient fashion.


Objective To investigate the combination therapy in patients of acne.Methods 490 patients with medium to severe acne were divided into two groups randomly:control group(229 cases) and treated group(261 cases).Both two groups were divided into five categories by different symptoms,the cases in treated group had been treated with drugs and red-blue light-emitting diode-based system for four to six weeks,as the cases in control group were treated with drug only.The data in both groups were analyzed statistically.Results A mean reduction in lesion count was observed,statistically significance differences in effectiveness were found among each group(P0.01),the effective ratio was 94.63% in treated group,of which was 81.66% in control group,it showed significant difference between these two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Specifically red-blue light has a marked effect on inflammatory acne lessions,and the treatment with drugs plus red-blue light radiation therapy appears to have excellent potential in the treatment of medium to severe acne.


ABSTRACT In this study, the effects of local heat treatment temperature on the V-bending formability of Martensitic 1200 steel, was investigated experimentally. In the first stage of the study, local heating temperatures were determined according to the stress-strain curves obtained as a result of the hot tensile test. Other experimental parameters included temperature (room temperature - RT/25, 300, 400 and 500°C), die-punch angle (30, 60, 90 and 120°) and punch holding time (0 and 10 s). The heating procedure in the bending operation was carried out locally only in the bending zone with the temperature controlled heating rod. The hardness values were found as 5.19% HV at the forming temperatures of RT–300°C, 2.31% HV at 300–400°C and 1.85% HV at 400–500°C. Due to the coarseness of the carbides in the microstructure, softening of the sheet material was observed up to 400°C. The slight increase in the flexure observed in the sheet materials bent at 500°C was caused by secondary precipitation hardening.


A new lichen species, Mycoblastus sinensis Kantvilas, is described from Yunnan Province, China. It is characterised by an esorediate thallus containing atranorin and fumarprotocetraric acid, relatively large apothecia heavily infused with a violet pigment and surrounded by a Byssoloma-type rim, and two-spored asci. Its relationships with some other species of the genus are discussed.


The purpose of this study is to examine the poetry of Etheridge Knight, and try to place him in a more appropriate historical context. The Black Arts movement, to which Knight's work has most often been attributed, was explored in depth as a way to better understand what pressures Knight would have felt from the larger African-American artistic community. Leading artists of the movement and prominent members of the African-American community were shown to overwhelmingly support a rejection of any European-derived aesthetic in writing. It is then suggested that this philosophy was myopic, and prevented artists from embracing a more humanist form of poetics. Knight's poetry is then looked at in greater detail. As a result of Knight's creolized form of poetry, he is presented as an artist whose populist aesthetic defines an American "counterpoetics." Knight's "counterpoetics", by relying equally on African and European-derived art forms, challenge the assumption that there is a monolithic "Western aesthetic." By doing so, Knight's poetry represents a populist form of art which is designed to provide a multicultural perspective on American traditions, which in the past have been too narrowly defined as separate because of social constructions of race and ethnicity. Knight's poetry suggests that there is a common language in existence which Americans can use to begin bridging the gaps between us because of racial and cultural difference.


DeepFakes blur the boundaries between reality and forgery, resulting in the collapse of exiting credit system, causing immeasurable consequences for national security and social order. Through analysis of existing face forgery techniques, it is found that most generation techniques rely on random noise distribution, and global information will be lost after up sampling. Therefore, we propose a deepfake detection algorithm based on improved MobileViT, which uses CNN local space biasing and the global space representation of the Transformer network to learn the local features and global representation of forged faces, respectively. Coordinate attention is introduced to obtain directional perception and position sensitive information, making the model locate synthetic traces of fake faces better and fusion local and global representation more effectively. For the improved generalization of the model, with the GELU activation function to solve the problem of neuron death. Our model achieved 96.2% on FF++(C23) datasets, and 93.7%,94.1%,96.3%,87.9% on DF, F2F, FS, and NT datasets, respectively. Comparing with previous methods, our model has shown detection robustness and better generalization.


In this paper we derive non-classical Tauberian asymptotic at infinity for the tail, the density and the derivatives thereof of a large class of exponential functionals of subordinators. More precisely, we consider the case when the L\'evy measure of the subordinator satisfies the well-known and mild condition of positive increase. This is achieved via a convoluted application of the saddle point method to the Mellin transform of these exponential functionals which is given in terms of Bernstein-gamma functions. To apply the saddle point method we improved the Stirling type of asymptotic for Bernstein-gamma functions and the latter is of interest beyond this paper as the Bernstein-gamma functions are applicable in different settings especially through their asymptotic behaviour in the complex plane. As an application we have derived the asymptotic of the density and its derivatives for all exponential functionals of non-decreasing, potentially compound Poisson processes which turns out to be precisely as that of an exponentially distributed random variable. We show further that a large class of densities are even analytic in a cone of the complex plane.


This article describes the use of self-study as a frame for professional learning that grew out of a professional development program for teachers examining their practice in a dual-language K-4 school. Located in the center of the rural state of Iowa, the school's development of a bilingual program for native speakers of both English and Spanish created challenges for the educators involved. The authors reflect the spectrum of collegial partnerships fostered by the experience, representing two classroom teachers, a program coordinator, and two university professors. They present their analysis of the development of a dual language program and the impact of their collegial self-study on how they thought about their practice, how they engaged with others, and how they were able to achieve change within and across their practice.


Purpose: To determine if acute L-Arginine supplementation improves recovery and exercise performance. Methods: Six trained individuals (age: 21.5±0.8 yrs) participated in the study. After determining one repetition maximum (1-RM) on bench press (BP) and leg extension (LE), subjects performed three sets of BP and LE each at 70% of 1-RM to failure. Subjects then immediately consumed either placebo or L-Arginine supplements (0.1g/kg BW). Subject performed three more sets of BP and LE exercises. Number of repetitions from the exercise was counted to evaluate performance. Heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and Lactate (bLa) were measured before, during and after exercise. A 2x2 ANOVA for repeated measures was used to compare the results. Results: There was no significant difference in performance between placebo and L-Arginine condition for either exercise. As expected, HR, SBP and bLa were significantly higher after both exercises when compared to resting. However, no significant differences were observed between conditions.


To achieve < 100 ps Coincidence Time Resolution (CTR) and a > 2 - fold improvement in reconstructed image Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) compared to state-of-the-art TOF-PET scanners, we have evaluated CTR performance of three different mixed-signal front-end electronic configurations. The proposed TOF-PET detector elements are based on two 3×3×10 mm3 "LGSO" crystal segments for a 20 mm effective length and side-coupled to arrays of 3×3 mm2 SiPMs. The front-end readouts were based on: a) high speed RF amplifiers; b) NINO ASIC as discriminator, and; c) combination of both RF+NINO. Coincidence data were experimentally acquired using the 10 mm length crystals, a low jitter FPGA-based TDC, several SiPM bias voltages, and NINO thresholds, achieving CTR value of 103.3 ± 1.5 ps FWHM using configuration (c). This value is much improved compared to the results achieved using configurations (a) and (b).


This keynote address examines the clashing viewpoints of unity and diversity on the meanings of "e pluribus unum." The continuing debate can be cataloged and clarified by three "ideal-type" models of conceptions: (1) monolithic integration; (2) pluralistic preservation; and (3) pluralistic integration. The speaker examines the main themes of these three models or conceptions, the congruence of each conception with social reality in the past and present, and the compatibility of each model with the principles and practices of education for citizenship in a constitutional democracy. (EH) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ********************************************************************************


The pitot pump is composed of the rotating casing with the impeller channel and the pitot tube type collector as the discharge line. The radial impeller feeds water to the rotating casing. The water rotating together with the casing is caught by the stationary pitot tube type collector, and then discharges to the outside. This type pump, as the extra high head pump, is provided mainly for boiler feed systems, and has been designed by trial and error. To optimize the pump profiles, it is desirable to investigate not only performances but also internal flow conditions. This paper discusses experimentally and numerically the relation between the pump performances and the flow conditions in the rotating casing. The moderately larger dimensions of the collector make the pump head and the discharge high with the higher hydraulic efficiency. The flow in the casing is almost the forced vortex type whose velocity is in proportion to the radius but the core velocity is affected with the drag force of the stationary collector. Based upon the above results, the profile of the pitot tube type collector was optimized with the numerical simulation.


Dellen are small, saucer-like excavations at the margin of the cornea. They occur most often following processes which produce a paralimbal elevation. It is suggested that this paralimbal elevation induces a localized break in the precorneal oily film layer of the tears which, in turn, causes a localized dehydration and thinning of the cornea. Treatment is directed towards rehydration of the cornea and reduction of the limbal elevation.


ABSTRACT Two-period crossover design is one of the commonly used designs in clinical trials. But, the estimation of treatment effect is complicated by the possible presence of carryover effect. It is known that ignoring the carryover effect when it exists can lead to poor estimates of the treatment effect. The classical approach by Grizzle (1965) consists of two stages. First, a preliminary test is conducted on carryover effect. If the carryover effect is significant, analysis is based only on data from period one; otherwise, analysis is based on data from both periods. A Bayesian approach with improper priors was proposed by Grieve (1985) which uses a mixture of two models: a model with carryover effect and another without. The indeterminacy of the Bayes factor due to the arbitrary constant in the improper prior was addressed by assigning a minimally discriminatory value to the constant. In this article, we present an objective Bayesian estimation approach to the two-period crossover design which is also based on a mixture model, but using the commonly recommended Zellner–Siow g-prior. We provide simulation studies and a real data example and compare the numerical results with Grizzle (1965)'s and Grieve (1985)'s approaches.


The invention aims to provide a composite for etching treatment capable of forming inverted pyramid shaped texture on surfaces of to-be-treated objects such as a silicone substrate at a low cost and with small environmental influence and through safety and convenient operation. The composite used for etching treatment provided by the invention contains nitrogenous aromatic heterocyclic compound and hydrogen fluoride.


I am going to broaden the picture somewhat from what has already been said so far in order to try to put the topic of employment in its general legal context from the point of view of passengers, operators, flight crew and air traffic controllers. When a person is injured in an accident on land, he must prove negligence by somebody, e.g. the driver of a motor car, and if he can do so he can get judgment for full compensation for all his injuries, loss and damage. Recently, awards in severe cases have been up to £100 000, and sometimes more. If however the Defendant proves that he was not negligent, or that someone else caused the accident, the Plaintiff will get nothing from him, no matter how serious his injuries.


Hypertension or high blood pressure is characterized by increased blood pressure. The incidence of hypertension continues to increase, the dangers of complications that arise, and the risks of long-term pharmacological treatment. The prevalence of hypertension tends to increase recently. Hypertension that is not treated properly has a high risk of complications including stroke, pulmonary edema, heart attack, and kidney failure. One of the efforts to prevent complications of hypertension is by controlling blood pressure regularly and controlling hypertension, one of which is by using family medicinal plants (TOGA) which are widely grown around residents' homes. The method of activities carried out is in the form of socialization by providing counseling on how to control hypertension by utilizing TOGA. Implementation of activities carried out on residents in the Lebak Bandung Village, Jambi City. The purpose of this activity is to provide an understanding to residents about how to control hypertension through TOGA and can apply it in their respective yards


Objective To compare three methods of establishing renal VX2 carcinoma model. Methods Thirty-six healthy rabbits were used in this study, and VX2 carcinoma was successfully transplanted in 26 kidneys. Successful transplantation was done by three methods: (1) VX2 carcinoma was cut into tiny pieces in saline to make suspension of tumor tissues and the suspension was then injected into renal cortex guided by ultrasound. (2) Rabbits were operated and VX2 carcinoma was implanted into the kidney. (3) Kidneys were exposed under surgery and the suspension was injected into renal cortex. Results Animal models of renal VX2 carcinoma were successfully established using the three methods. The rates of success of the three methods were (10/28)35.71%,(4/12)33.33% and (12/14)85.71%, respectively. Conclusion All the three methods are feasible in VX2 tumor implantation. However the third method, in which the VX2 suspension is injected into renal cortex under surgical exposure, has a higher successful rate.


This book offers a complete view of the new labour conflicts in the platform economy. Through case studies in advanced economies in Europe and the US and with an original approach that combines social movement studies and industrial relations, it provides a radical interpretation on the changing nature of worker movements in the digital age.


Isosturmia is revised: five nominalspecies are recognized and /. pilosa sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Japan. A key to 6 species is provided. Isosturmia chatterjeeana Baranov is newly synonymized with /.picta Baranov. Leiosiopsis aristalis Townsend is newly synonymized with Isosturmia inversa Townsend not with /. intermedia, and Epixorista episcopa Townsend and E. ocellaris Townsend newly with /. intermedia. full genus containing 6 species from Japan and the Oriental Region (Crosskey, 1976; Herting, 1984). These species closely resemble each other and it is sometimes difficult to correctly identify them. It is especially true for females and they were sometimes combined with different male species. In this revision I recognize 5 nominal species of Isosturmia and describe a new species from Japan. A key to 6 species of the genus is provided. Isosturmia species are ovoviviparous and Lymantriidae, Satyridae and Cossidae are reported as hosts of the genus (Crosskey, 1976; Nakasuji, 1978; Koizumi, 1964;Schaefer & Shima, 1981). Isosturmia chatterjeeana known as a parasitoid of Euproctis species in India is here considered to be conspecific with /. picta which has also been reported parasitic on Euproctis species inJapan. The same species is also reported parasitic on Mycalesis gotama which is an endemic pest of the rice plant in Japan, but it is due to misidentification. Mycalesis gotama is in reality attacked by /. intermedia in Japan. It is difficult to deduce the phylogenetic relationships of the genera of Goniinae because of their strong diversity in external morphological structures. At present I think that Isosturmia is related to Carcelia Robineau-Desvoidy judging from the close resemblance in the male and female genital structures. In its distribution Isosturmia seems to be restricted to the Oriental and Eastern Palearctic Regions as far north as Hokkaido, Japan. It is likely that no species of the genusoccurs in New Guineawhere many Oriental tachinid genera are found. The genus has been also unknown from the Afrotropical Region.


The electrospinning process was employed for preparation of
nanofiber substrates made of polycaprolactone (PCL),
polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyurethane (PUR). The used
polymer solution and electrospinning process influenced the
structure and biodegradability of the resulting nanofibers.
Materials processed from PCL and PEG were imaged as
well-structured nanofiber meshes, however, processing of PUR
resulted as an electrosprayed film rather than nanofibers
structure most likely due to the insufficient molecular weight
of PUR.In order to improve the biocompatibility of the
nanofibers a thin amine layer by means of the
cyclopropylamineplasma polymerization in radio frequency
capacitively coupled discharge was deposited on prepared
nanofibrous meshes. The presence of the amine groups is
supposed to enhance the adhesion and proliferation of the
cells. Moreover, the possibility for further functionalizing of
such nanofibers was tested on a model PUR foil made of PCL and
PEG. The PUR surface was activated with amine layer via similar
procedure as the nanofibers and further the grafting of
chitosan was employed through carbodiimide-mediated coupling.
Infrared spectroscopy confirmed successful grafting of chitosan
onto the PUR surface. Overcoming the drawback of PUR nanofibers
processing, e.g. by synthesizing PUR with higher molecular
weight, can open possible use of the material in wound healing
applications exploiting antibacterial properties of chitosan.


Objective To improve the capability of medical support of border troops in subtropical mountain and jungle area under the condition of informization.Methods The current problems of informization construction of medical support of border troops in subtropical mountain and jungle area were summarized and analyzed,and targeted strategies combined with the practice and experience of the authors' hospital in recent years were proposed.Results Through changing the idea,strengthening the talent team constrution and medical support training,and establishing the emergency power and new medical support pattern,the capability of medical support of border troops in subtropical mountain and jungle area under the condition of informationize could be improved.Conclusion Informization construction is of great significance for the border troops in subtropical mountain and jungle area.


Objective To investigate the clinical effects of different vitreoretinal surgery of magnetic intraocular foreign body(IOFB) extraction on eyes with good vision.Methods Forty-six eyes of 46 patients of magnetic IOFB with good visual acuity were included in this study.The preoperative visual acuity of all 46 eyes were better or equal to 0.6.The IOFB could be seen floating in the vitreous or embeding on the retina with ophthalmoscope.All the 46 eyes accepted surgery within 2 to 6 days after the injury.Group A:The extraction of IOFB was guided by optical fiber with no vitrectomy in 12 eyes.Group B:Partial vitrectomy and IOFB extraction were performed in 15 eyes.Group C:19 eyes accepted complete vitrectomy and IOFB extraction.The laser photocoagulation around the retinal wound was performed where necessary.Follow-up time:3 months minimum.Results All the IOFBs were extracted successfully.During the follow up periods,the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and complications were as follows:In group A,all the BCVA were better than 0.6,and no complications occurred; In group B,the BCVA of 13 eyes were better than 0.6,and the other 2 eyes occurred retinal detachment; In group C,the BCVA of 15 eyes were better than 0.6,and the other 4 eyes occurred retinal detachment.Conclusion For eyes with magnetic IOFBs and good vision,we can choose the surgery of IOFBs extraction guided by optical fiber without vitrectomy.

Key words:
Foreign bodies, intraocular, magnetic ;  Surgery, extraction;  Vitreoctomy


Figure 3: Threshold Cycle (CT) results for dust samples that were on the roof compared to samples not on the roof. During each cycle of a qPCR reaction, the concentration of DNA in each well doubles. The threshold cycle represents the number of qPCR cycles required before the DNA concentration is high enough that its fluorescence can be recognized. Consequently samples with higher initial DNA concentrations will require fewer cycles to reach threshold.


Abstract The effective eddy diffusivity tensor is related to Lagrangian position statistics of a point tracer advected by an ensemble of turbulent flows. The flow may be compressible, nonstationary, and spatially inhomogeneous in a restricted sense. The spatial inhomogeneity is such that the cumulants of the Lagrangian position field depend linearly on the coordinates, which may be curvilinear. The effective eddy diffusivities so determined cannot be used to predict the nondivergent part of the cross-gradient turbulent flux of a contaminant.


This article is linked to the awakening of critical interest in the Parthian Empire and aims at discussing two of the main historiographical sources for the history of this political unity established in 247 B.C. after a military victory over the Seleucids: Apollodorus of Artemita and Arrian of Nicomedia. The selection of these two ancient historians (both authors of a Parthica) is due to the facts that Apollodorus was the first to record the manipulation of the Achaemenid ancestry by the Parthians as part of their strategy of political legitimation, and that Arrian became the main author to inherit the Greco-Parthian historiography (represented by Apollodorus) in the Roman literary tradition.


This paper presents a resource scheduling approach in grid computing environment. Using P2P technology, this novel approach can schedule dynamic grid computing resources efficiently. Grid computing resources in different domains are organized into a structured P2P overlay network. Available resource information is published in type of grid services. Task requests for computational resources are also presented as grid services. Problem of resources scheduling is translated into services discovery. Different from central scheduling approaches that collect available resources information, this Chord-based approach forwards task requests in the overlay network and discovers satisfied resources for these tasks. Using this approach, the computational resources of a grid system can be scheduled dynamically according to the real-time workload on each peer. Furthermore, the application of this approach is introduced into DDG, a grid system for drug discovery and design, to evaluate the performance. Experimental results show that computational resources of a grid system can be managed efficiently, and the system can hold a perfect load balance state and robustness.


The corrosion behavior of pure iron was examined at 650℃~850℃ in O 2 environment contaminated by small amount of KCl vapor using thermogravimetric test.The results indicated that the corrosion rate of Fe was accelerated seriously with increasing temperature or increasing KCl content in the gas mixture,a loose corrosive product was formed.The reason of accelerated corrosion was mainly owed to an "active oxidation" process in which Cl 2 was produced due to the reaction of Fe 2O 3 scale with KCl vapor.


Arc flash hazards must be considered to work safely on any electrical system. Microgrids can contain several types of electrical systems working together. These systems commonly include medium and low voltage AC, DC energy storage, and DC photovoltaic (PV) electrical systems. Because the arc behavior and considerations vary from system to system, each of these types of electrical systems can require different methods of estimating the possible arc flash incident energy released during an event. Microgrids also present several challenges in performing arc-flash incident energy calculations, including significantly varying short-circuit current levels across grid-tied and islanded operation, bi-directional fault current flow, and protection complexity. These challenges in microgrids can require special attention when analyzing arc flash incident energy levels and associated arc flash hazards. This paper provides an overview of the types of electrical systems and sources found in a typical microgrid; what methods can be used to calculate incident energy in each system. A novel approach of calculating the Arc Flash energy for multiple time-var-ying AC sources of fault current can be considered in an arc flash calculation by doing a piecewise integration. For the calculation, a single source can be represented by several resources if their contribution is time-varying. Although this approach has been applied to many recent analytical studies performed by authors, further verification through analyses is recommended.


This volume studies cultural relations from the minority point and the image that various minority groups hold about the dominant group in their day-to-day social contexts. These papers were presented at the Fifth Congress of the International Society for the Study of European Ideas in Utrecht.


I propose an alternative method for measuring the CP violating phase φ2 (α) without ambiguity in an extended SU(3) flavour symmetry analysis, which can ultimately be achieved by exploiting interference effects between B → AP and B → V V decay channels, where A, V, P indicates an axial-vector, vector and pseudo-scalar meson, respectively. Under certain assumptions on the relevant decays based on current experimental results and minimal theoretical input, I demonstrate with an idealised amplitude model that a programme to extract a single solution for φ2 in the range [0, π], with the added possibility to simultaneously constrain non-factorisable SU(3)-breaking effects, could be executed to similar precision using Run 3 data at LHCb and the final Belle II sample.


Objective To understand the status of residents' health literacy in Changchun so as to provide a basis for future health education programs which aim at improving the level of the residents' health literacy.Methods 562 citizens were randomly selected from six districts of Changchun City to answer questionnaires. Results The outcome showed that the awareness rate of healthy concept and basic knowledge was 76.83%,and that of health lifestyles and behaviors was 68.71% and that of health skills was 74.22%.The correct rate of male's response was 66.85%,and the correct rate of female was 68.56%.The difference between male and female was significant by T-test.The correlation coefficient between education level and correct rate was 0.378(P0.01).The correlation coefficient between the rate of correct answers and age was-0.169(P0.01).Conclusion Although the residents had some basics of the health literacy and skills,the further improvement was necessary.Changchun Health Education Center will timely make comprehensive interventions based on this investigation for improving the level of Changchun residents' health literacy.


Woody debris (downed limbs and boles) is an important component of forested ecosystems. It serves as habitat for a wide variety of organisms and plays an important role in nutrient cycling and dynamics. However, little is known about the wood-decay process, especially in the topographically complex mixed-oak forests of Eastern North America. The goal of this investigation was to determine how fire and silvicultural management affect the decay rate of woody debris by using wood blocks cut from commercially available native lumber. This study was conducted in Zaleski State Forest in southeastern Ohio (an Ohio Hills study site in the long-term Fire and Fire Surrogate study). Following silvicultural treatment and burning, wood blocks of "red" oak (Quercus L. subgenus Erythrobalanus) and "white" oak (Quercus L. subgenus Lepidobalanus) were placed on the forest floor in burned, thinned, thinned + burned, and control (no manipulation) units. In each unit, blocks were placed in xeric, e.g., ridges and southwest-facing slopes, and mesic, e.g., valleys and northeastfacing slopes, microsites to also investigate the impact of moisture availability on the decay process. Site moisture availability was determined using the integrated moisture index. After 27 months of decay, mean mass loss was significantly (P < 0.05) greater for red than white oak. Mean mass loss was 51.9 ± 1.7 (SE) percent for red oak and 36.3 ± 1.3 percent for white oak. Using a two-way ANOVA to compare the mean percent mass loss in each unit, microsite, and microsite × unit combination revealed no significant differences in decay rate for white oak. Alone, microsite and unit had no significant affect on decay rate in red oak. However, the microsite × unit interaction was observed for red oak. The fastest decay rates were observed in mesic microsites in the thin + burn unit and the slowest in the mesic microsites in the thinned unit. Decay dynamics appear to be species specific and fire and silvicultural manipulation may lead to complex changes in decay dynamics in topographically dissected mixed-oak forests of Eastern North America.


banks with authority to issue notes. The next year the legislature created the State Bank of Iowa, consisting of separately chartered branches that were privately owned and managed but operated under the supervision of a state board of directors. This mixed institution functioned effectively throughout the Civil War but ended when each of its branches accepted charters under the National Banking Act. The treatment of these developments constitutes the most significant contribution of this study. Particularly in his description of the substitutes for banks and of the circulating currency in a bankless community, Erling Erickson has dealt with matters that other historians of banking in this period have too often ignored.


A field analysis of plasma-loaded noncorrugated coaxial cavity and plasma-loaded triangular corrugated cavities for megawatt-class gyrotrons has been undertaken. The presence of magnetic field in plasma changes its characteristics to an anisotropic media. In plasma waveguide, three families of modes can exist: plasma modes (space charge modes), cyclotron modes, and waveguide EH and HE modes. The modes present in the plasma are hybrid modes with all six nonzero field components. The presence of the low-density plasma in a gyrotron cavity leads to the coupling of these families of modes and causes a shift in the eigenvalue of the operating (desired) mode. In this paper, the dispersion relation for a plasma-loaded noncorrugated and triangular corrugated coaxial cavity has been derived. For the gyrotron case, where the cyclotron frequency of the plasma is approximately equal to the operating frequency and the operating frequency is near mode cutoff frequency in the cavity, the desired HE mode couples with the cyclotron mode. This coupling leads to shift in the eigenvalue of the HE mode.


We investigate the problem of approximating a regular Sasakian structure by CR immersions in a standard sphere. Namely, we show that this is always possible for compact Sasakian manifolds. Moreover, we prove an approximation result for non-compact $\eta$-Einstein manifolds via immersions in the infinite dimensional sphere. We complement this with several examples.


Many have been inspired by the work of human rights education advocate and activist Shulamith Koenig. All who encountered her recall her passion, whether or not they agreed with her approach.  Below Human Rights Education Review includes an obituary written by respected human rights educator Nancy Flowers.


License Assisted Access (LAA) is a technology developed to coexist with WiFi in unlicensed band. LAA performs Listen Before Talk (LBT) and accesses the channel by sending a Reservation Signal (RS), which will occupy the channel for a duration and cause a waste of spectrum so that reduce system throughput. In this paper, we propose an adaptive algorithm for LAA and WiFi Coexistence based on Q-learning (LWCQ) to dynamically schedule LAA communication, and determine LAA transmission duration after accessing the channel according to the communication state. LWCQ intends to avoid LAA accessing the channel frequently to reduce throughput loss, and it can also adjust appropriately LAA communication duration according to WiFi traffic. We analyze the performance of LWCQ, simulation results show that LWCQ effectively improves LAA and system throughput and ensures the fairness of LAA and WiFi communication.


Introduction : Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent tachyarrhythmia. Previous studies have demonstrated that AF and myocardial infarction (MI) often coexist. MI is a traditional risk factor for AF; however, little is known about the signaling basis. Autonomic remodeling, atrial electrical remodeling, and atrial structural remodeling are considered to be the predominant mechanisms of AF. Inflammatory responses can be activated after MI, followed by elevated inflammatory cytokines. Clinical studies also show that post-MI patients with arrhythmias have higher circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines compared with patients with sinus rhythm, which implies that inflammation may promote the occurrence of arrhythmia. Pinocembrin, an abundant flavonoid isolated from propolis and some plants, shows various biological effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. Studies have showed that pinocembrin has protective effects against cerebral ischemic injury (I/R). Pinocembrin was also found to improve cardiac function, reduce ventricular arrhythmias, and decrease the myocardial infarct area in myocardial I/R rats. However, it remains unknown whether pinocembrin has beneficial effects on atrial arrhythmias, especially in a MI model. In certain studies, pinocembrin suppresses inflammatory responses via the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. TNF-α, primarily regulated by NF-κB, is closely related to an increased risk of atrial arrhythmias. In the present study, we hypothesized that pinocembrin could attenuate autonomic dysfunction and AF susceptibility, which is possibly associated with the suppression of the NF-κB/TNF-α signaling pathway.


Chinese ancient culture is a kind of metaphori culture, and this point is popular in the tradition of Bixing. No matter what it is "Bi" or "Xing", it has an inherent relation with metaphor, and it is proved by a large number of works in The Book of Songs.


It is possibel to extend the range of gasmeters by use of critical nozzels. The range extension is realised by variation of the metering pressure, while the flow through the meter at working conditions is constant. An important condition for the funktion of this system is a sufficient high pressure difference between in- and outlet of the installation. The reduction of the demand for place and instruments by the use of smaller diameters and the saving of parts of the installation makes important reductions of the investment in gas pressure reducing and metering installations possible.


Ultrasound shear wave imaging is a rapidly emerging technique that noninvasively quantifies shear wave speed (SWS), which is directly linked to the stiffness of soft tissues. Targeting sources of estimation errors entailed in in vivo data, previous studies have proposed different methods, e.g. radon sum (RS) (Rouze et al. 2010), under the assumption of tissue homogeneity, which significantly limits its application in tissues with complex structure. In this study, we propose dynamic programming regularized wavelet transform (DPRWT) towards robust estimation of local SWS in inhomogeneous and anisotropic soft tissues.


Neighbourhood planning, introduced through the Localism Act 2011, was intended to provide communities in England with new opportunities to plan and manage development. All communities were presented as being readily able to participate in this new regime with Ministers declaring it perfectly conceived to encourage greater involvement from a wider range of people. Set against such claims, while addressing significant gaps in the evidence, this paper provides a critical review of participation in neighbourhood planning, supported by original empirical evidence drawn from case study research. It does so at an interesting time as the community, and/or neighbourhood, appears across political parties as a preferred scalar focus for planning. Challenging Ministers' assertions, while mirroring past experiments in community planning, participation is found to be modest and partial, concentrated amongst a few, relatively advantaged communities, and relatively advantaged interests within those communities. The paper considers the implications for future planning policy and practice.


To obtain the essence of knowledge hidden in traditional Chinese medicine, the progress and the academic level of Chinese medicine are investigated. Citespace5.8.R3 software is for data mining in the literature of traditional Chinese medicine in the past 20 years. The analysis results show that the data mining technology reveals diversified, issues that are related to expanding the rule of medication. The analysis provides scientific research references for scholars to find effective integration points, explore the potential of traditional Chinese medicine and scientifically, and continuously improve the technology to promote Chinese medicine. The improvement of the academic level of medicine improves the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment.


Phthalic acid esters are becoming a kind of widespread environmental organic pollutants(environmental hormone).Ag doping TiO2 modified catalyst was prepared by damp mechanical-mixed method.In the test of photocatalytic reaction,results showed that the optimized photocatalyst could be obtained under the conditions of Ag concentration 1 ×10-4 mol/g and the calcination temperature 400 ℃.The study of degradation system showed that under the conditions of amount of Ag-TiO2 catalyst 0.1~0.3 g/L,solution pH value 5~8,the degradation rate of solution can reach a better level of 62.0%.In comparison of photodegradation effect,the absorption of dimethyl phthalate to catalyst particles was relatively small,and photodegradation reaction was a more important process.Ag doping TiO2 modified catalyst was primarily characterized by FT.


In steady state studies, the operation constraints such as bus voltages and lines currents are the main limiter factors for penetration of DGs in distribution networks. This paper proposes a method based on sensitivity of these constraints due to injection power in a specific bus. To determine the maximum allowable penetration level of an installed DG, the sensitivity analysis based on the linear model of the system is used. Also, the effects of network topology are evaluated on the allowable penetration level of the DG. This method is employed on the 69-bus test system. The impact of network operation modes on the DG penetration is also presented and evaluated.


We compare the Arctic amplification (AA) produced by the two Community Earth System Models CESM1 and CESM2, members of the CEMIP5 (Coupled Models Intercomparison Project phase 5) and CEMIP6 collections, respectively. We find that the CESM1 model reproduces the recent high values of the AA deduced from the observed temperature much better than the CESM2. The correlation coefficient within the 1970–2012 time period between CESM1-simulated AA and the observed one is 0.47, while the CESM2 simulation leads to an anticorrelation of r = −0.53. Even the more successful model (CESM1) is not able to reproduce recent high AA values of 4–5. The main cause of this failure is the model's overestimate of the rate of increase in the mean global temperature in years post 1990. When the CESM1 model's simulated trend of the mean global temperature is replaced in the expression for the AA by the observed temperature trend, the correlation coefficient increases from 0.47 to 0.75. The CESM1 model is among the best north American models in AA simulation while the CESM2 model is among the least successful.


Hydro-viscous soft start is widely used in large-capacity belt conveyor. This paper analyzed the response characteristics of soft start system, compared the conventional PID control with the genetic algorithm optimized PID control, and performed simulation to the process of soft start by using Simulink toolbox in MATLAB software. The results show that the system's overshoot and adjustment time are greatly reduced by using genetic algorithm optimization, they can better meet the requirements of the soft starting process. The experiments verified the correctness of theoretical analysis.


Objective: To calculate the minimum prevalence of malnutrition among rural Aboriginal children under two years of age in the Top End of the Northern Territory (NT) using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria.


This paper discusses issues relating to link-pin communication channels within language-based communication zones. In a dual translation process, messages coded in professional genres and national languages are transmitted through the link-pin channels. To illustrate various issues arising from communication via link-pin channels, six case studies are developed. It is hoped that our illustrations and discussions of these issues can guide further research and communication practices. (China Media Research. 2006;2(1):43-54).


The purpose of the study is to check the effect of the Microsoft's brands' competitive features and best data protection policy on consumer trust and attachment. The main dimensions of the study were used to measure consumers' level of trust are that up to what extents users are attached to the Microsoft brand, how consumers perceive the privacy and personal data protection practice, how much competitive features of Microsoft products effect on consumer trust. Design/methodology/approach: Quantitative method was adopted for the study and the research was conducted in different sectors (government and private) with the sample of 130 participants from different organizations (educational institutes and working segment). An explanatory research was conducted to find out the relationship between consumer trust on (Microsoft's brand) competitive features and best data protection policies in (Sahiwal) Pakistan.  A formal research design was used to test the hypothesis of this study. A survey was directed through self-administrated questionnaire to get responses from participants. Time dimension of this study was cross-sectional. According to topical scope the study was statistical because we tested hypotheses quantitatively. To check the relationship between the variables correlation and regression was used. Findings: The findings of study showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between Privacy & Protection Policy and consumer trust. There is also positive and significant relationship between competitive features of Microsoft brand and consumer trust. Research limitations/implications: This study also can be conducted in more large geographical regions to check the effect of the Microsoft's offerings on consumers' trust and preference for this brand. The sample size of the study is too short and this study can be replicated with the large sample size. Originality/value: To make the consumers more committed to the Microsoft brand should offer more competitive features and benefits to consumers. Innovations should bring and more reliability should be ensured in terms of data security and accuracy.


Ruthenium and bimetallic ruthenium–tin catalysts supported on high-surface-area carbon are characterized by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and CO chemisorption. The characterization results give important insights into the reasons for the remarkable catalytic properties of Ru–Sn bimetallic catalysts in selective hydrogenation reactions of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. In the monometallic Ru/C sample, ruthenium is present as small particles, showing no variation in the crystalline structure and lattice parameters with respect to the bulk state. At low Sn : Ru ratios, the average metal particle size is smaller than for monometallic Ru/C, whereas at higher Sn: Ru ratios Ru particles agglomerate on the surface of the support. According to HREM observations, most metal particles in the bimetallic catalysts possess a structure consistent with that of elemental ruthenium. CO chemisorption results indicate that the surface of the ruthenium particles is partially covered by tin species. Only in the samples with high tin loading are a few Ru–Sn only particles found, in addition to a majority of particles having the structure of pure ruthenium. The high selectivity of Ru–Sn/C catalysts for selective hydrogenation of the CO group in α,β-unsaturated aldehydes can thus be attributed to the presence of small ruthenium particles whose surface is covered with tin species which are most likely in ionic form. Ru–Sn alloy particles do not appear to make a significant contribution to the catalytic activity.


Radical changes occurred in the energy scenario in recent years, with a clear trend towards shifting part of the energy production from large centralized plants to relatively small decentralized systems. The growing diffusion of distributed generation systems for Combined Heat and Power (CHP) production represents a significant part of these changes. In particular, CHP generation could bring substantial improvements in energy efficiency and energy saving, as well as economic benefits, with respect to the separate production (SP) of electricity in the centralized power system and of heat in local boilers (Horlock, 1997). The development of CHP systems is particularly relevant for relatively small-scale applications (e.g., below 10 MWe) in urban areas, including potential coupling to heat networks for larger capacities as well as micro-cogeneration (Pehnt et al., 2006; Pehnt, 2008) for domestic applications. The adoption of CHP systems can even be more effective when it is possible to supply, in periods with little or no heat demand, absorption chillers to satisfy the cooling demand (for instance, for air conditioning), thus obtaining high-efficiency seasonal tri-generation systems (Meunier, 2002; Mancarella, 2006). Moreover, CHP systems can be conveniently used in a distributed multi-generation framework, to supply various types of chillers to better fit the overall characteristics of the demand of various energy vectors (Chicco & Mancarella, 2009a). Higher energy efficiency can also correspond to lower environmental impact in terms of CO2 emissions with respect to SP, mainly depending on the generation characteristics of the power system in the specific country (Mancarella & Chicco, 2008a), particularly where electricity generation prevailingly occurs from fossil fuels. On the other hand, distributed cogeneration could worsen the air quality on the local level, due to emissions of various hazardous pollutants such as NOx, CO, SOx, Particulate Matter (PM), Unburned Hydrocarbons (UHC), and further substances conveying the pollution into the human body. In particular, in urban areas the environmental pollution is more critical because of a host of reasons, among which: a) high concentration of background pollutants, in particular due to road traffic pollution; b) difficult dispersion in the atmosphere of the pollutants produced from small-scale generators located in urban sites, with respect to large power plants with high stacks; c) relatively high number of receptors, due to the population density; 1


Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion images are contaminated by contributions from macro vascular signal arising from contrast agent within the larger arteries that do not contribute directly to the local tissue perfusion.


【Objective】 To explore the effect of propylgallate injection on experimental hyperlipidemia in rats.【Methods】Hyperlipemia rats were given propylgallate injection 13,26,52 mg·(kg·d)-1 respectively by intraperitoneal injection,for 4 weeks.Body weight,serum level of total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and liver function were measured at the end of the experiment.【Results】TC,TG,LDL-C and lipidperoxidatio(LPO)contents were significantly decreased,and HDL-C contents and superoxidedismutas(SOD)activity were significantly increased.【Conclusion】 Propylgallate injection can regulate lipid metabolism effectively,treat hyperlipidemia definitely.


Objectives: This study aims to understand and report on selected health system interventions considered nationally and sub-nationally of particular significance both in terms of COVID-19 responses and in strengthening the health system for the future.Design: A review of published and grey literature, including journals, news/ media and official documents, was con-ducted from 1st December 2019 to 31st December 2020. The reviewers read and extracted relevant data using FAC-TIVA in a uniform data extraction template. Responses that related to service delivery were captured.Setting: The assessment considered responses at the national and two state levels: Lagos and Enugu, representing the epicentre and a low COVID-19 burden centre.Inclusion criteria: Documents and news that mentioned COVID-19 response, particularly service delivery aspects, were included in this review.Results: The identified interventions were mostly technical support targeted at health workers: including training of about 17,000 health workers, supervising and engaging more health workers, upgrading laboratories and building new ones to improve screening and diagnosis, and motivation of health workforce with incentives. Furthermore, the influx of philanthropic contributions improved the data and information systems supply of medicines, medical products and non-pharmaceutical protective materials through local production. The presence of political will and the government's efforts in health system's response to COVID-19 facilitated these interventions.Conclusions: Interventions of state and non-state actors have strengthened the health systems to some extent. How-ever, more needs to be done to sustain these gains and make the health system resilient to absorb unprecedented shocks.


This study aims to describe the potential of water springs in the Sub Drainage Basin Hulu Jeneberang using remote sensing and Geographic Information System. There are 5 variables taken into consideration: ranfall intensity, topography, groundwater basin, fault density dan vegetation density. The results showed that there are three classes of water springs potential. Most of the area are in the moderate class, covering an area of ± 233 km2 (59.44%). The high potential class are scattered around Bili-bili Dam and the upstream areas of Sub Drainage Basin Malino, Takapala, and Sub Drainage Basin Kaosisi with an area of 77 km2 (19.62%), while low potential class covering area of 82 km2 (20.92%). In the medium class area, the water only flowing in the rainy season and soon afterwards, but not in the dry season.


C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Uggeri F, Pinotti E, Lo Bianco G, Nespoli L, Romano F (2016) Ileal Volvulus Over Cecal Appendix and Meckel's Diverticulum in the Absence of the Mesodiverticular Band: Case Report and Literature Review. J Clin Gastroenterol Treat 2:023 Received: March 11, 2016: Accepted: April 21, 2016: Published: April 25, 2016 Copyright: © 2016 Uggeri F, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Uggeri et al. J Clin Gastroenterol Treat 2016, 2:023


The invention relates to a method for manufacturing of optoelectronic devices. The method includes providing an auxiliary carrier, a forming separate connection elements on the auxiliary carrier, and forming a molding on the temporary carrier with recesses. The method further includes placing the optoelectronic semiconductor chip on connection elements in the recesses of the molded article, removal of the auxiliary carrier, and a severing of the molded body for forming singulated optoelectronic components. The invention further relates to an optoelectronic component.


Nowadays, the development of a prediction model is one of the most important research area. Prediction models are helpful in providing accurate results for unseen data or future data. The most important phase of the software development life cycle (SDLC) is testing. During testing, we face some uncertain behavior of the program due to the presence of defects. To remove these defects in the early stage of SDLC, we design Software Defect Prediction Model (SDPM). Although many SDPM have been developed using various Machine Learning (ML) and statistical technique, but the generalizability of results have prevailed because the developed models use the same dataset for training and testing. This study aims to develop SDPM using cross-version, which using two different versions of a project for training and testing. The historical labeled defect data of the previous version is used for the updated or upcoming version for defect prediction which is termed as Cross-Version Defect Prediction (CVDP). To complete experimentation, we have used 26 datasets from an open-source repository. The performance of SDPM is analyzed using performance metrics. The SDPM is also developed using 10-cross validation. In the end, the comparison of CVDP and 10-cross validation has been done using a statistical test. The aim of conducting this study is to analyze the applicability of cross-version defect prediction when a sufficient amount of data is not available for training and testing. According to statistical analysis, it has been observed that cross-version can be used if we have to test our prediction model for unseen projects or upcoming projects.


This work deals with the problem of negative phenomena which spread on the Internet in form of an information. Attention is especially paid to unwanted mail - spam, spyware and deceptive or bogus messages. In the first part of this work is recorded the effort to explain these phenomena and possible threats, which they reperesent, are idicated. The way of identification and tools used to fight them back are considered also. The second part of this work deals with the analysis of the situation in the struggle against these phenomena within a selected company. The findings from the previous part of this work are applied to create a project for a possible optimizing of the system, which is operating in a company. In the conclusion are summarized the achieved results. An evaluation of the achievement of the goals set in the introducion is also included.


Detailed quasiclassical trajectory calculations of the D+H2(v=0, j=0)→HD(v'=0, j')+H have been carried out in the range of collision energy from 0.35 to 1.25 eV. The calculated v'j' state resolved differential cross sections and opacity functions show analogous structures to the ones obtained by accurate quantum mechanical results, that is, a peak along a line in the E−θ (or E−J) plane, that was attributed to broad resonances. Analysis of present results in terms of the duration of the collision indicates that those trajectories pertaining to these peaks proceed through the formation of short lived collision complexes with lifetimes of 15–35 fs.


This paper presents a novel approach to discovering motor primitives in a hierarchical database of example trajectories. An initial set of example trajectories is obtained by human demonstration. The trajectories are clustered and organized in a binary tree-like hierarchical structure, from which transition graphs at different levels of granularity are constructed. A novel procedure for searching in this hierarchical structure is presented. It can exploit the interdependencies between movements and can discover new series of partial paths. From these partial paths, complete new movements are generated by encoding them as dynamic movement primitives. In this way, the number of example trajectories that must be acquired with the assistance of a human teacher can be reduced. By combining the results of the hierarchical search with statistical generalization techniques, a complete representation of new, not directly demonstrated, movement primitives can be generated.


Introduction: Homocysteine is associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease, and elevated concentrations of homocysteine have been found in preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to determine homocysteine levels in pregnant women with and without preeclampsia. Methods: This descriptive study conducted on pregnant women with preeclampsia (n = 39) and controls (n = 43) was evaluated by the convenience sampling and data were collected through a questionnaire and paraclinical findings. In the present study, 5cc blood samples were taken from the patients after 8 hours of fasting and sent to the laboratory to determine homocysteine and related metabolites levels. Statistical analyses were done using IBM-SPSS 25.0 and Chi-square test was used for data analysis. Results: The moderate concentrations of homocysteine and uric acid were significantly higher than the control group in maternal plasma with preeclampsia (0.0001). Original Research Article Noori et al.; JPRI, 32(4): 74-80, 2020; Article no.JPRI.55892 75 Conclusion: We found that the blood homocysteine levels were significantly higher in the preeclampsia group compared with the Controls group. Measuring uric acid and blood homocysteine levels in pregnancy may be helpful as diagnostic tests in the early detection of high risk individuals.