Authoritania is a fictional country through which students are exposed to decision-making processes across a range of actors in an authoritarian context. The simulation is a supplement to my course "Authoritarianism: Institutions & Practices" as a means to reinforce course material presented in more traditional classroom instruction. The simulation emphasizes three areas of learning — bureaucratic politics, contingent events, and government-activist interaction — and mixes in-class simulation sessions and a significant online component through a website designed and administered specifically for the simulation. The paper discusses the specifics of the simulation goals, design, implementation, and learning outcomes.


This article discusses a solution for combining the strengths, in terms of energy consumption and error-correction capacity, of the standard and extended CLC modes.


We propose a method to delineate buildings from aerial images and rapidly count the number of buildings damaged by a disaster. Traditional segmentation techniques may divide a single building into multiple structures when some parts of the building are in shadow and others are not. The proposed method first segments regions from aerial images by using a method robust to shadows. Then, point clouds of three-dimensional coordinate values are generated from stereo images, and ground regions are excluded by using these point clouds. Finally, the remaining regions are examined for possible merging with neighboring regions. The decision to merge is based on the sum of the rectangular and square indices under the assumption that rectangles and squares are the dominant shapes of buildings. The proposed method was applied to images of an area in Japan, and it was found that the merging of regions into one building was successful in many cases.


ABSTRACT This commentary on Gerald Amada's account of his own "Professional Odyssey" considers the masculine perspective with which Amadu reviews his career. I note that most of the authors whom Amada regards as profoundly influential were men and that Amada's efforts as social advocate to protect women in therapy with him defy the usual guidelines about the role of a psychotherapist. In so doing. I argue that while Amada's actions may be helpful, they are not within the realm of therapy and end up furthering a subtle sexism. I also suggest that context significantly effects the policies and practices that we develop in our respective colleges and universities.


Queering Romantic Engagement in the Postal Age: A Rhetorical Education offers the first queer rhetorical history of nineteenth-century romantic epistolary practices in the United States. Pamela Van...


Implementing machine learning algorithms involves of performing computationally intensive operations on large data sets. As these data sets grow in size and algorithms grow in complexity, it becomes necessary to spread the work among multiple computers and multiple cores. Qjam is a framework for the rapid prototyping of parallel machine learning algorithms on clusters.


The use of pili shells as fuel in a biomass roasting furnace for roasting meat was investigated in this study. To estimate the capacity of pili shells in roasting meat, researchers used observation, experimentation, data analysis, and interpretation. Pili shells as a fuel were found to be a good substitute for roasting. Pili shells are more effective than an electric oven, according to the researchers. More research into the qualities and components of pili nutshells is needed to establish the treatment required before they may be utilized as fuel. Increased pressure has an effect on torrefaction metrics such as mass yields, energy densification ratio, energy yield, process energy consumption, the proximate analysis, high heating value.


[1] The formation of bed forms in gravel bed rivers acts as a control on stream ecology and the response of rivers to floods. Available models do not reproduce the range of observed bed forms and do not consider interactions between the bed and flow hydraulics. The model presented here considers a gravel bed river as a complex system in which sediment clasts are represented as discrete elements. Simple and local rules describe the sediment and flow dynamics. Using a trimodal sediment distribution, irregular forms that scale with particle diameter develop without explicit feedback mechanisms because of the tendency of large particles to roll along the bed surface and collect into chains. Feedback mechanisms such as imbrication increase the effective entrainment threshold of groups of large particles and increase the stability of these imbricate forms. A second type of bed form is associated with saltating grains and emerges where particles are transported at a preferred distance. The development and maintenance of larger-scale bed forms require feedback between the bed and flow properties. By allowing mean velocity to adjust to bed morphology and considering the effect of acceleration on turbulence generation and mean velocity profiles we demonstrate the emergence of forms similar in morphology to gravel sheets, dunes, and riffle pools. The model is best used to complement field-based studies and is suitable for testing hypotheses of streambed behavior.


Abstract An electrically conductive VC tip has been used in conjunction with ex-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy to examine the behaviour of silicon during nanoindentation testing. During loading, the contact resistance is low because of the presence of the metallic β-Sn phase of silicon. During unloading, the semimetallic BC8 phase and the rhombohedral R8 phase are formed, giving rise to an increase in the contact resistance. In large indentations there is a pronounced discontinuity in both the contact resistance-depth and load-depth curves during unloading. This signifies the formation of a phase with lower electrical resistance. TEM analysis suggests that this phase is amorphous silicon formed in the centre of large indentations. The position of the discontinuity on the load-depth curve is found to depend on the unloading rate, as would be expected for the generation of an amorphous phase. Micro-Raman analysis is largely in agreement with the TEM results, but the amorphous silicon is seen most clearly when there are cracks present, suggesting that the amorphous phase may be subsurface or generated during the rapid propagation of cracks.


This paper explores how Taiwanese women's variety television shows mediate social expectations about women's work, both waged and unwaged. In particular, I argue that the 2011 women's variety programme Shounü Buman Zu 《熟女不 滿族》, lit. unsatisfied mature-women tribe) negotiates both the feminization of everyday domestic risk and expectations surrounding the embodied practices of women's affective labour. I propose that the programme's mediation of these issues takes place at three levels: thematic, performed and formal. First, offering 'expert' advice on managing the opportunities and risks associated with women's everyday lives in late-modern consumer culture, the discussion themes on Unsatisfied Shounü readily lend themselves to analysis in terms of the feminization of risk and risk management. Second, the embodied performances of the programme's presenters – including their speech, movement and on-screen interactions – model hegemonic formations of feminine habitus, especially the emotional work it involves. Third, the formal properties of this genre, especially the use of post-production effects, instantiate an amplification of the bodily-affective work of normative feminine social interaction. In representing the labours of femininity on these three levels, these programmes make readily visible some of the defining features of available formations of feminine subjecthood in Taiwan today, while highlighting commercial television's role in the socialization of women's affective capacities.


The present invention relates to a fuel injection amount determining method for an engine system with a crankshaft sensor and the air amount sensor, a process of calculating the engine speed increase and decrease the speed by detecting the number of revolutions of the engine from the crankshaft sensor and; Process for calculating the increase and decrease rate of the intake air flow rate detected by the intake air flow from the air quantity sensor and; By performing the engine speed decrease rate and the case the intake flow rate by the increase and decrease speed compared with a preset reference value, respectively, wherein the engine speed increase and decrease speed or more than the reference value is more than the intake air flow rate increase or decrease the speed reference value vibration reflux decision logic intake tea tube vibration the steps of: determining a reverse flow occurs and; Process if it is determined to which the intake tube vibration tea and back-flow occurs, calculates the current intake air flow rate of the intake air flow rate, which is previously stored vibration backflow occurs by the current corrected by the engine speed and; Characterized by comprising the step of determining the amount of fuel to be injected by the intake air flow rate calculation nor to use the intake air flow rate measured by the air flow sensor is used instead of the intake air flow rate of the air quantity sensor. In this way, it is possible to improve the accuracy of the air flow sensor when the confidence interval is determined it is possible to extend the interval using the air flow sensor to determine the fuel injection amount. Air quantity sensors, the reliability judgment


The paper describes the implementation of the arithmetic operations of multiplication, division and square root on a Xilinx XC6200 FPGA. By using a design approach to enhance similarities across circuits, partial reconfiguration has been used to allow reductions in reconfiguration times of up to 75% on trials using the VCC HOTWorks board.


Immersion fluids for 157 nm and 193 nm immersion lithography have been measured over the spectral range from 156 nm to 1700 nm in a nitrogen purged environment. The refractive index n and k of several candidate fluids have been measured using the prism minimum deviation technique implemented on a commercial Variable Angle Spectroscopic Ellipsometer (VASE) system. For measurement the liquids were contained in a triangular prism cell made with fused silica windows. The refractive index of high-purity water at 21.5° C measured over the spectral range 185 nm to 500 nm. was checked against values measured on high accuracy prism minimum deviation equipment by NIST and agreement with NIST has been found to be good. The refractive index at a nominal temperature of 32°C for four fluorinated fluids in the range of n=1.308 to 1.325 at 157 nm are also reported. It was found to be extremely important to correct for temperature differences among different instruments using the thermo-optic coefficient of each liquid. The 157 nm results on fluorinated fluids are compared with measurements at NIST using a VUV Hilger-Chance Refractometer, which measured both the refractive index and the thermo-optic coefficient. In all cases results agree well.


In this paper, the main aim is to consider the boundedness of the fractional maximal commutator M α,b and the nonlinear commutator [ b, M α ] on the Lebesgue spaces over some stratified Lie group G when b belongs to the Lipschitz space, by which some new characterizations of the Lipschitz spaces on Lie group are given.


This study aims to know the effect of cooperative learning model type Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) using smartphone game kahoot application toward students learning outcome. This research is  quasi experimental design. The population of this study were students of class VIII SMP totaling 4 classes. The sampling was conducted by random sampling technique and obtained 2 classes as samples, class VIII-C and class VIII-D. Class VIII-C as the experimental class totaling 24 students and class VIII-D as the control class totaling 25 students. The test instrument used to determine student learning outcomes is a multiple choice questions in the form of pre-test and post-test which consists of 20 questions. The results showed that the class taught by STAD learning model using kahoot game obtained an average score of 82.917, while classes taught with conventional learning obtained an average score of 50.25. Hypothesis test obtained t count = 4.509 > t table = 4.047 then H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. So it can be concluded that there is an effect on student learning outcomes through the Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) type cooperative learning model using the Kahoot game smartphone application on the learning outcomes of class VIII students on the Materials Structure and Function of Plants.


This study examines International MaarifSchool Erbil pupils' long-term academic performance under the International Baccalaureate (IB) curriculum. The study examines the IB's PYP, MYP, and DP. Examine how these IB curriculum elements affect students' academic performance over time. The quantitative study used 89 international instructors from International MaarifSchools in Erbil. The independent variable, IB Curriculum, has three dimensions (PYP, MYP, and DP), while the dependent variable, Students' Academic Attainment, is collected online. The study demonstrates positive relationships between the IB curriculum dimensions (PYP, MYP, and DP) and students' academic achievement through correlation and regression analysis. Results show that the IB program helps students succeed academically. The report also emphasizes excellent implementation and ongoing professional development for teachers to successfully administer the IB curriculum. The study sheds light on how the IB curriculum affects student performance. The findings confirm International MaarifSchools Erbil's IB curriculum and emphasize teacher training and parental involvement. The report also proposes evaluating and improving curriculum delivery and assessment techniques. This study shows that the IB curriculum improves students' academic performance and lays the groundwork for future research on its long-term benefits. These findings can help schools improve their curriculum and foster kids' holistic development.


Like other industries, engineers, contractors, and construction/project managers in the construction industry are continuously searching for means, methods, and materials that will give them an edge to be more efficient in terms of cost and/or time. Some of these tools come in the form of a new piece of equipment or breakthrough product with multiple uses. It is people, though, that are the key resource of the construction industry. Thus, construction workers can also be looked to for gaining an advantage. This can be done by setting up projects so that the workers can make better use of their time while on the job. One such example is implementing the four day, 40 h workweek in lieu of the traditional five 8 h days. This paper will explore the merits of utilizing such a system in the construction industry, outline some of its impacts on a project and the workers, present a multiattribute utility function for determining its effectiveness, and conclude with a recommendation on its use.


This paper discusses a novel artificial synapse implementation utilizing a PIC microcontroller. This artificial synapse controls a postsynaptic neuron based upon the frequency of pulses input from a presynaptic neuron. The artificial synapse is constructed to interface the Lymnaea stagnalis neuron and a neuron emulator capable of simulating this type of neuron.


Introduction American Cowboy in England: Possession Reterritorialization: The British Come to America Postmodern Nostalgia From Grail to Empire: An American Adventure Cool Britannia Shakespeare's Counterfeit Signature Conclusion Bibliography


A dry media procedure has been developed for the synthesis of a series of new class of pyrazolo [4,3-c][1,5]benzothiazepines 6 under microwave irradiation using montmorillonite K10 as solid support. The catalyst can be recovered and reused. Thus, the procedure provides a simple and green synthetic methodology under environmentally friendly conditions. Antifungal screening of synthesized compounds has shown promising activity. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file.


0 pportunistic pathogens and insect pests with high adaptability and a wide genetic variability have become an increasing problem in modern, genetically uniform, agricultural systems. Some plant pathologists have recognized this situation and have suggested increasing genetic diversity in crop fields to reduce epidemic outbreaks. Among the available options, mixing cultivars of different resistances (variety mixtures or multilines) has been found to reduce disease levels (especially rusts) in several grain production systems. The use of this strategy in insect control has been virtually unexplored, although some entomologists have examined it as a way of deploying resistant germplasm to lower the rate at which insect pests adapt to a given resistant cultivar. Despite the biological differences between pathogens and insects, we believe some elements of the theory of pathogen epidemiology in variety mixtures could be used to explain insect responses in fields composed of mixed varieties. The presence of resistant plants impedes pathogen spread by increasing the separation between susceptible plants. It is possible that, depending on the degree to which insect pests discriminate between resistant and susceptible cultivars, the intensity of insect attack could be reduced in a field with a wide array of crop cultivars. We studied the effects of varietal diversity in the field on the population response of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brussicue (LA Stands of broccoli, Brassica oleruceu botrytis (L.), composed of a single cultivar or mixed cultivars were used to determine how aphid population densities were affected by variety mixtures, variety proportions, planting arrangements, and planting times of different broccoli varieties. Our main objective was to test whether increased cultivar diversity in crops reduces pest populations. Methods


Diamond-like carbon (DLC) coating on pure titanium surface was prepared using pulsed arc ion plating method under the circumstance with nitrogen at different levels. By using scanning electron microscope, the surface morphology and EDS composition analysis were performed on the thin film prepared. The influence on the thickness and hardness of film imposed by nitrogen was analyzed comparatively using micro-indentation instrument. The results indicate that the nitrogen content in the film increases as the nitrogen/methane ratio in process increases. After doping nitrogen in DLC films, the microstructure of the films is altered, generating nanoparticles at the scale of few tens nanometer. Those nanoparticles possess nitrogen-rich amorphous carbon nitride CNx structure identified by SEM and XPS analysis. The dense DLC/CNx nano-composite structure reduces the internal stress of the film, thus improving the adhesion of the film on the substrate.


It is well known that typhoid fever prevailed extensively among American soldiers assembled at state and national encampments during the brief war between the United States and Spain in 1898. In August of that year a board, consisting of Major Walter Reed, U. S. A., Major E. O. Shakespeare, U. S. V., and the writer, was appointed at the request of the Surgeon-General of the U. S. Army, for the purpose of ascertaining the causes of the existence and spread of typhoid fever in the national encampments, and of suggesting means of its abatement. In accordance with instructions, this board visited the national encampments and inspected most of the regiments. While doing this, we interviewed medical and line officers, and obtained as far as possible the sanitary and medical history of each regiment. After completing this tour of inspection, we spent about eighteen months in going over the medical records


The improved A * algorithm is a method of navigation path planning for articulated underground scrapers. Firstly, an environment model based on a mining Geographic Information System (GIS) map is established, and then combined with improved A * algorithm, the underground global path planning problem of the intelligent Load Haul Dump (LHD) is solved. In this paper, for the articulated structure, the method of expanding nodes by articulation angle is adopted to make expanded nodes meet the trajectory characteristics. In addition, collision threat cost is introduced in the evaluation function to avoid collisions between the LHD and the tunnel walls. As peran analysis of the simulation test to verify the effectiveness of the improved A * algorithm and a comparison with the traditional A * algorithm, the improved A * algorithm can enhance search efficiency. Acontrast of multiple sets of test parameters suggests that when the price weighted coefficient of collision is 0.2, the shortest path can be derived to avoid impact. Finally, tracking results indicate that the proposed algorithm for navigation path planning can maintain the tracking error to within 0.2 m in line with the structural characteristics of the scraper in the laboratory environment to realize the path planning of unmanned scrapers and trajectory tracking. Moreover, the algorithm can enhance the safety of scrapers and prevent roadway collisions. The feasibility and practicality of the proposed method is verified in this work.


10 International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium The Future of C2 Command and Control in Complex and Urban Terrain: Human Performance Modeling Decision Making and Cognitive Analysis Gary Yerace * Army Research Laboratory, Computational and Information Sciences Directorate 2800 Powder Mill Road Adelphi, MD 20783-1197 301-394-1317 voice, 301-394-3591 fax email@example.com Elizabeth Bowman Army Research Laboratory, Human Research and Engineering Directorate Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 410-278-5924 voice, 410-278-5858 fax email@example.com


A pet repellent device for use outdoors consisting of a refillable vented container is disclosed. The container, which is secured to the ground around shrubs and grass areas, is vented to allow the vapors from the liquid repellent in the container to flow into the air in the area that is desired to keep free of pets. The pets smell the repelling vapors, which are harmless, and completely avoid the area.


Using different kinds of velocity tracers derived from the broad Hβ profile (in the mean or rms spectrum) and the corresponding virial factors f, the central supermassive black hole masses ( ) are calculated for a compiled sample of 120 reverberation-mapped (RM) active galactic nuclei (AGNs). For its subsample of RM AGNs with measured stellar velocity dispersion ( ), the multivariate linear regression technique is used to calibrate the mean value f, as well as the variable FWHM-based f. It is found that, whether excluding the pseudobulges or not, the from the Hβ line dispersion in the mean spectrum ( ) has the smallest offset rms with respect to the relation. For the total sample excluding SDSS-RM AGNs, with respect to from or that from the Hβ line dispersion in the rms spectrum ( ), it is found that we can obtain from the with the smallest offset rms of 0.38 or 0.23 dex, respectively. It implies that, with respect to the Hβ FWHM, we prefer to calculate from the single-epoch spectrum. Using the FWHM-based f, we can improve the calculation from FWHM(Hβ) and the mean f, with a decreased offset rms from 0.52 to 0.39 dex with respect to from for the subsample of 36 AGNs with . The value of 0.39 dex is almost the same as that from and the mean f.


Moving to smaller libraries can be considered as a relevant task when porting software systems to limited-resource devices (e.g., hand-helds). Library miniaturization will be particularly effective if based on both dynamic (keeping into account dependencies exploited during application execution in a given user profile) and static (keeping into account all possible dependencies) information. This paper presents distributed software architecture, based on Web services, to collect dynamic information at run-time, and an approach for miniaturization of libraries, exploiting both dynamic and static information with the aim of reducing the memory requirements of executables. New, smaller libraries are identified via hierarchical clustering and genetic algorithms; clustering produces a first initial solution, then optimized by multi-objective genetic algorithms. The approach has been applied to medium size open source software systems such as Samba and MySQL, allowing to effectively produce smaller, loosely coupled libraries, and to reduce the memory requirements of each application.


There is provided a vehicle operation control apparatus for controlling a driving state of a vehicle based on a relative positional relationship between the vehicle and a preceding vehicle that is traveling in a predetermined range ahead of the vehicle. The vehicle operation control apparatus comprises a control means (12, 14, 16, 22, 34) a target deceleration (alpha * n) of the vehicle on the basis of the relative positional relationship between the vehicle and the preceding vehicle. The control device (12, 14, 16, 22, 34) controls a deceleration (Alphan) of the vehicle such that the deceleration (Alphan) of the vehicle to the target deceleration (alpha * n) approaches, and maintains the target deceleration (alpha * n) wherein, until a predetermined condition is satisfied.


Bayesian predictive coding is a putative neuromorphic method for acquiring higher-level neural representations to account for sensory input. Although originating in the neuroscience community, there are also efforts in the machine learning community to study these models. This paper reviews some of the more well known models. Our review analyzes module connectivity and patterns of information transfer, seeking to find general principles used across the models. We also survey some recent attempts to cast these models within a deep learning framework. A defining feature of Bayesian predictive coding is that it uses top-down, reconstructive mechanisms to predict incoming sensory inputs or their lower-level representations. Discrepancies between the predicted and the actual inputs, known as prediction errors, then give rise to future learning that refines and improves the predictive accuracy of learned higher-level representations. Predictive coding models intended to describe computations in the neocortex emerged prior to the development of deep learning and used a communication structure between modules that we name the Rao-Ballard protocol. This protocol was derived from a Bayesian generative model with some rather strong statistical assumptions. The RB protocol provides a rubric to assess the fidelity of deep learning models that claim to implement predictive coding.


The present model reference adaptive control methods for nonlinear affine systems require that the nonlinear system should be linear to the unknown parameter vector,and that there should not be unknown parameters in the output equation.On the other hand,the higher the relative degree or the order of the nonlinear system,the more complicated the control and parameter update law.To overcome those drawbacks a novel model reference adaptive nonlinear tracking control scheme is proposed in the paper.It is proved that the controller can reach expected performances in the nonlinear parameterization case,provided that the regressor vector satisfies certain Lipschitz condition.


Within the complex framework of Egyptian beliefs there are outstanding references to religious cults related to a set of female deities of serpentine appearance. These goddesses were prominent in significance for Egyptian people, as we can learn from numerous images of them and their related mythical symbols which evoke the embedded value of these deities: security and protection, along with regeneration and rejuvenation.


This paper proposes a 13-bit fully parallel two-step single slope (TS-SS)ADC for high speed CMOS image sensors. The ADC design method is based on the idea of time sharing and time compression, advances the fine conversion time to the coarse conversion time period, and solves the time redundancy problem of the traditional method. Based on the 55nm1P4M CMOS process, the differential nonlinearity (DNL) and the integral nonlinearity (INL) are simulated to be =0.8/−0.8 LSB and +2.1/−3.5LSB, respectively. The Conversion time of the 13-bit ADC is 512 ns. The effective number of bits (ENOB) is 11.33 bits and the power consumption is $47 \mu$ W.


This mixed method paper is a survey of the socioeconomic and business dimensions of Microfinance Institutions before the Sierra Leone Ebola outbreak in 2013. A descriptive statistical analysis is used to describe the results obtained from structured questionnaires administered in four districts in Sierra Leone, from 2008 to 2014. Three important dimensions were considered for baseline analysis; access to finance, financial services and products and business performance. Both stratified and simple random sampling methods were used to select the clients for the interview. Results show that before the Ebola outbreak majority of the beneficiaries of microfinance were for business activities, while others did farming and small proportion for building and construction. The quality of support provided by the institution established to channel the goals of the programme was well-delivered with an average score of 8 on the extent to which they helped create easy access to credit facilities in the areas where the programme was implemented. However, training programmes on skills and community support were not effective. Living standards of beneficiaries improved, even though it does not translate to the communities in general.


Certificate revocation is an outstanding problem in PKI. This paper extends Naor's scheme of dynamic hash tree in order to optimize performance. Set of revoked certificates is divided into groups. In each group, proofs for certificate status are computed by using one-way accumulator, while all groups are still organized in hash tree. The main advantage of the proposed scheme is that it can adjust traffic between CA-to-directory and directory-to-user according to certificate update rate and query rate in applications, thus can remarkably reduce overall traffic consumed for certificate revocation, and can efficiently accommodate a wide range of scenarios. Compared with Naor's origin scheme, performance analysis shows it can reduce traffic by about 50% in typical environments.


Objective:To know about sexual behavior status and unsafe sexual behavior related factors among workers on big entertainment centers.Methods:A nonymous questionnaires were used to investigate 669 workers in an entertainment center of city,Jiangsu Province.Results:The rate of premarital sex,multiple sexual partners within one month and the recent use of condoms among subjects were 79.3%,38.9% and 45.9%,respectively.Number of cities they had been lived associated with more pre-marital sex and multiple sexual partners.Higher risk awareness of AIDS/STD could lower probability of occurrence of sexual partners and increase condom use relatively.Conclusion:Sexual behavior among workers on large entertainment centers was relatively open and their unsafe sex proportion was higher than normal people.Their awareness of STD/AIDS risk and liquity were related to unsafe sex.More effective related health promotion is needed among them.


Tailoring the interactions between hydrogen and palladium is crucial for numerous industrial and research applications. The fine control of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) diameter is promising to address this problem when other means, i.e. temperature, pressure, or cell voltage, are set by the ongoing process. We investigate the electrochemical behaviour of Pd NPs in the presence of hydrogen over a large range of particle diameters, between 3.8–21.5 nm. The study is carried out in both a three-electrode setup and a proton pump. A linear relationship between the H/Pd ratios and the NPs diameter is evidenced. The increase in particle size is accompanied by an extension of the loading duration to reach a stable hydride. Beyond H absorption, the HER and HOR kinetics are examined as a function of the particle diameter. The smaller the particle the higher the catalytic activity, with exchange currents ranging between approx. 1.7–9.8 mAmg


In an earlier paper, we provided a solution to the problem of the fall-off of a thermal unimolecular reaction in which the collisional excitation process is exponential, with rate p , and the randomisation within grain r has rate p,, also exponential; numerical illustrations were provided for the case where p, was considered to be the same for all r (1). This solution followed fairly closely the lines of a previous approximate treatment of the problem, in which it was assumed that the relaxations with rates p and p, were separable, leading to the calculation of an effective rate constant d, [ k ( E ) ] with I which the population of each grain would decay for the given randomisation rate p, ( 2 ) . This approach to the coupled p , p, I problem led to formulae which were not always easy to use numerically because of cancellation; now, we develop a much more direct derivation of the rate constant ( yo ) for the coupled problem, resulting in a final expression which is relatively impervious to cancellation difficulties. It also avoids the necessity of calculating the eigenvalue spectrum for each grain, not a trivial problem when there are several decay channels to be taken into account.


The construction industry is characterized by complexity, budget and schedule overruns, quality and safety problems, and increased claims and disputes. To successfully manage the inherent complexity of construction projects, optimal contractor selection is integral for project success. Choosing the best-fit contractor is especially important in Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), since this procurement route relies heavily on the efficient collaboration of project stakeholders and necessitates trust to guarantee successful outcomes. However, the numerous methods and tools for contractor selection in the literature target traditional delivery routes and are unsuitable for IPD, considering the latter's distinct features and stakeholder roles. As such, owners transitioning to IPD do not fully understand the requirements for optimal contractor selection, which jeopardizes the success of IPD projects. To address this need, this paper conducts a comprehensive literature review and investigates twelve unique IPD case studies to identify contractor selection criteria important to IPD. The paper presents a decision-making framework for contractor selection in IPD projects, using the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), that provides an indication of the best-fit contractor for the IPD project. This research fills a significant gap in the literature by providing a tool to assist IPD practitioners to select the right contractor.


This paper describes the results of whole effluent toxicity tests conducted with Ceriodaphnia dubia and Selenastrum capricornutum on sewage treatment plant effluents in the Hawkesbury–Nepean watershed in New South Wales, Australia. Effluents from 18 sewage treatment plants were evaluated for acute and chronic toxicity. Toxicity identification evaluations were performed on toxic samples to determine the cause of toxicity. Fifteen of the facilities sampled exhibited acute or chronic toxicity to C. dubia. Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) (e.g., diazinon, chlorpyrifos, and chlorfenvinphos) accounted for toxicity in the majority of samples. Ammonia also contributed to toxicity in one sample, an unidentified OP was responsible for toxicity in another sample, and unidentified transient toxicant(s) were present in four samples. Transient toxicity was not due to surfactants (methylene blue active substances, cobalt thiocyanate active substances, or nonyl‐ or octylphenolethoxylates) or to a polymer used to dewater the sludge. The most likely cause of the transient toxicity was chlorpyrifos, which rapidly dissipated when stored in polyethylene containers. Only two effluent samples reduced the cell numbers of S. capricornutum. In both cases, toxicity dissipated too rapidly to identify its cause.


A basic problem that appears in every study of a nonlinear Hamiltonian system is how we can have analytical solutions of the equations of motion. The method of rational Fourier series, proposed by Prendergast (1982), gives an approximate solution to this problem. The basic idea of the method is to express the solution of a nonlinear ordinary differential equation in the form x = N/D a where N and D are Fourier series and a is an appropriate constant. The series are truncated at a given order. We determine the frequency and the coefficients of N and D by solving a set of algebraic equations directly obtained from the differential equations. The present thesis contains applications and extensions of this theory.


With the objective to determine the behaviour of the medical students who search for information on the Internet, a study was made on the use of health databases and sites available in Infomed: Medline, Cochrane and the Virtual Library of Health of the Cuban Health Network, among others. For this study, 60 anonymous surveys were applied at random among sixth-year medical students that used the service of Internet navigation offered by the National Medical Library. 58 % of the polled students visit the Library at least once a week; nevertheless, 80 % of them do not consult or do not know about PubMed; Medline presents a similar situation, and only 3 % of them use the Mesh Browser for system searches; 95 % of the students do not make use of the Cochrane database; only 23 % of the polled students visited the site of the Virtual Library in the last 6 months. There is a manifest ignorance and subutilization of the information resources offered by Infomed among the users of the Library, above all, if the high value and the deserved international prestige of the above-mentioned sources is considered. A systematic process of information literacy is needed from the early undergraduate stages among the users, as well as motivation and a demanding environment that lead to the adequate use of the available resources in Infomed.


the wide open the of non-working My dissertation analyzes the impact of an almost decade-long period of war and inflation, the years 1914 to 1923, on the economic behavior and political attitudes of agricultural producers in two west German provinces, the Rhineland and Westphalia. In addition, it offers a discussion of rural social structure, patterns of production, and the nature of agricultural interest groups in the Wilhelmine period. In a concluding section, it suggests some implications of this ten year period for understanding the demise of the Weimar Republic and the rise of National Socialism. 1


Metal hydrides have been used at the Savannah River Tritium Facilities since 1984. However, the most extensive application of metal hydride technology at the Savannah River Site is being planned for the Replacement Tritium Facility, a $140 million facility schedules for completion in 1990 and startup in 1991. In the new facility, metal hydride technology will be used to store, separate, isotopically purify, pump, and compress hydrogen isotopes. In support of the Replacement Tritium Facility, a $3.2 million, ``cold,`` process demonstration facility, the Advanced Hydride Laboratory began operation in November of 1987. The purpose of the Advanced Hydride Laboratory is to demonstrate the Replacement Tritium Facility`s metal hydride technology by integrating the various unit operations into an overall process. This paper will describe the Advanced Hydride Laboratory, its role and its impact on the application of metal hydride technology to tritium handling.


1. Perthes' disease is characterized by a diminution of the serum calcium or phosphorus or both.

2. The pathology is very similar to that of rickets and osteomalacia.

3. These three conditions may be related etiologically.


The invention provides a device and a method for measuring engine combustion flow field speed based on molecular absorption spectrum. The measuring device comprises a laser setting unit, a laser beam-splitting unit, a measuring unit, a data acquiring system and a data processing unit, wherein the laser beam-splitting unit and the laser setting unit are connected and positioned at one side of an engine combustion flow field; the measuring unit comprises two laser detectors which are positioned at the other side of the engine combustion flow field and opposite to the laser beam-splitting unit; the data processing unit is used for processing data stored in the data acquiring system to obtain the fuel flow field speed. Based on the molecular absorption spectrum, a laser decaying pulse signal caused by fuel gas component concentration changes is used as a cross-correlation analysis random signal to realize cross-correlation speed measurement, so that the device and the method for measuring engine combustion flow field speed based on molecular absorption spectrum provided by the invention can obtain relevant data by only needing to enable laser to pass through a to-be-tested combustion flow field. The device has the advantages of a simple structure, a non-contact type and high sensitivity.


This paper presents a qualitative research examining the extent to which sojourns abroad engage their partakers in intercultural interactions and explores whether experiences like this translates into intercultural growth in students. The results of this study demonstrated that studying abroad would not suffice for complete immersion into the local community or allow one to discover the nuances of another culture in their entirety. Nonetheless, students who were surrounded by their local and international counterparts were exposed to foreign cultures, and were motivated to explore and interpret the diversity they encountered. They were thus equipped with knowledge of unfamiliar cultures and were sensitised to cultural diversity. Such contact often challenged the students' established opinions and ideas, which largely stemmed from stereotypes about specific cultures. Rethinking this, to varied extents, resulted in evolved attitudes and values. International engagement also stimulated introspection and a deepened understanding of identity among the students, thereby contributing to their self-awareness. By offering opportunities to experience cultural diversity, the sojourn prompts students to develop coping strategies and draw parallels with their own culture, along with fostering intercultural development to a certain degree, and is therefore of great significance for policy makers, curriculum developers, teachers and tertiary students.


Abstract. In recent years, a number of collaborative planning programmes have been introduced in American cities, providing an opportunity for traditionally marginalised citizens to participate formally in inner-city revitalisation tasks. However, this process of citizen participation is quite complex. This paper explores the complexities of citizen participation through the case of Milwaukee's Neighborhood Strategic Planning process. It contends that the NSP process has been shaped by neo-liberalism and contains a number of barriers to participation. It has also implemented a more technocratic approach in participatory planning. However, skilled navigation of it has given citizens opportunities to change their urban space.


Alignment of the BiMn grains during solidification under a magnetic field was examined for Bi-Mn alloys (20,30,40 and 50 at%Mn). During the conventional peritectic solidification, the BiMn grains produced through the peritectic reaction did not align because of difficulties of the grain rotation. Rapid solidification produced the finely distributed BiMn grains in the Bi-rich matrix or the Bi-BiMn eutectic structure at off-eutectic compositions. Heating the rapidly solidified structure resulted in the semi-solid state even for Bi-50 at%Mn alloy, in which no semi-solid state containing BiMn phase in equilibrium. The BiMn grains suspended in the semi-solid state rotated in the favorable direction. Growth of the BiMn grains following the rotation achieved c-axes alignment of the BiMn grains. The semi-solid state, which is controlled by the initial microstructure obtained by the rapid solidification, is significantly useful for the magnetic alignment.


SUBTITLE: CUSTOMS BROKERS STILL DESPISE HIM, BUT SOME GRUDGINGLY CONCEDE THAT HE HELPED LAY GROUNDWORK FOR AUTOMATION: A DECADE LATER, VON RAAB IS UNAPOLOGETIC.


Objective It is to observe the clinical curative effect of homemade Jin Bai lotion( JBL) in treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of scalp( SDS). Methods 210 patients with SDS by clinical diagnosis were selected and randomly divided into experimental group with 106 cases and control group with 104 cases. The patients were treated with JBL in the experimental group and 2% Ketoconazole Lotion in the control group. The symptom score before the treatment and after 2 weeks,4 weeks of treatment were evaluated,and the clinical curative effect were observed. Results The symptom scores of erythema,scales,itching,seborrhea and skin lesions after treatment for 2 weeks and 4 weeks were markedly improved than before treatment in the both groups( all P 0. 05),and the improvement in the experimental group were significantly better than that in the control group( all P 0. 05). The total effective rates of symptom improvement for erythema,scales,itching,seborrhea and skin lesions after treatment for 2 weeks and 4 weeks in the experimental group were markedly higher than those in the control group( all P 0. 05). The comprehensive effect rate of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group( P 0. 05). There were no serious adverse reactions in the both groups. Conclusion JBL is a topical Chinese medicine preparation for treating SDS with higher effect and safety,so it is worthy of further clinical application.


PP with excellent ductility(BOPP) was mixed with matting agent to prepare matting masterbatch.The matting effects of the blends with different contents of matting agent were compared,and the the crystallization behavior of the material was studied by means of DSC.The results showed the crystallization temperature of BOPP decreased with the increase of the cooling rate.The crystallization Ozawa index of PP in PP/PBT blend was smaller than that of pure PP,crystallization rate constant lnK(T) conformed to the changing rule of crystallization temperature,that was to say,the higher the temperature of crystallization,the greater the lnK(T) value was.


Since 1996, CYMER has manufactured over 1500 excimer lasers for the application of integrated circuit photolithography. Because reliability and cost of operation (CoO) are critical in the semiconductor industry, it is extremely important to quantify these parameters for the laser and each of the primary modules. Lifetime and reliability data for the initial generation of solid state pulsed power module (SSPPM) units are presented from a number of sources, including more than 750 laser systems in the field in addition to a number of in-house module verification systems. Highly accelerated life test (HALT) experiments have also been implemented at CYMER to help quantify the design margins of these modules with respect to operating parameters such as temperature and voltage. In addition, results are updated from an experiment involving testing of a SSPPM to over 50B shots where the unit was characterized at several intervals in an attempt to detect any potential signs of degradation which might limit the operational lifetime or cause the unit to fail. To date, no such indications of degradation have been measured. The paper compares actual reliability and lifetime data from these various sources compared to the original lifetime estimates.


In recent work, robust Principal Components Analysis (PCA) has been posed as a problem of recovering a low-rank matrix L and a sparse matrix S from their sum, M: = L + S and a provably exact convex optimization solution called PCP has been proposed. This work studies the following problem. Suppose that we have partial knowledge about the column space of the low rank matrix L. Can we use this information to improve the PCP solution, i.e., allow recovery under weaker assumptions? We propose here a simple but useful modification of the PCP idea, called modified-PCP, that allows us to use this knowledge. We derive its correctness result which shows that, when the available subspace knowledge is accurate, modified-PCP indeed requires significantly weaker incoherence assumptions than PCP. Extensive simulations are also used to illustrate this. Comparisons with PCP and other existing work are shown for a stylized real application as well. Finally, we explain how this problem naturally occurs in many applications involving time series data, i.e., in what is called the online or recursive robust PCA problem. A corollary for this case is also given.


Abstract Objective: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and pneumococcal pneumonia cause substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. This retrospective study was conducted to estimate the disease burden from pneumococcal disease in older adults in Taiwan from a health insurer's perspective. Methods: Data for the years 2002–2009 from patients aged ≥50 years with insurance records indicating pneumococcal meningitis, pneumococcal bacteremia, or hospitalized or outpatient pneumonia were obtained from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Admission data for inpatients, visit data for outpatients, and associated costs were extracted from the database to estimate the incidence, case fatality rates, and direct and indirect costs of pneumococcal disease episodes. These data were applied to the estimated population of Taiwan in 2010 to provide an estimated disease burden for a single year from the payer perspective. Results: The average incidence per 100,000 person years was 2.4 for IPD, 278.8 for hospitalized pneumococcal pneumonia, and 1376.4 for outpatient pneumococcal pneumonia. The average case fatality rate was 12.3% for IPD and 10.0% for hospitalized pneumonia. Hospitalized pneumonia accounted for over 90% of direct medical costs. The incidence of hospitalized pneumococcal pneumonia per 100,000 person years was 84.4 for adults of 50–64 years, 313.1 for adults of 65–74 years, 820.3 for adults of 75–84 years, and 1650.9 for adults of 85+ year of age. In 2010, it was estimated there were over 113,000 episodes of pneumococcal disease, causing almost 2000 deaths, with direct medical costs of more than NT$3.4 billion annually. Conclusions: Pneumococcal disease is a significant cause of mortality and excess healthcare expense among the elderly in Taiwan. Disease burden in older adults increases with advancing age.


Decolonizing Native Histories is an edited volume that grew out of a conference, "Narrating Native Histories", which occurred at the University of Wisconsin in 2005. Florencia E. Mallon, who is the Chair of History at the University of Wisconsin, edited seven of the papers from this conference for publication. This innovative book seeks to cross a number of geographical and political boundaries on Indigenous and nonIndigenous peoples in order to continually challenge scholars to wholly engage with decolonization. The papers represent experiences from North America, South America and the Pacifi c region. The book is oriented around three central themes and divided into corresponding sections. In the fi rst section, the book examines the challenges that autonomy and sovereignty present given the diverse experiences and understandings of Indigenous peoples. J. Kehaulan Kauanui and Riet Delsing both write excellent articles, which consider issues of sovereignty in both Hawai'i and Rapa Nui respectively. Kauanui examines Hawaiian sovereignty in the form of independence under international law, through either decolonization or deoccupation, and in the form of federal recognition by the United States government converting Hawai'i into a "domestic dependent" nation. Kaunanui questions all of these models and states that, due to the complexity of colonization, the only way forward will be a combination of strategies. Similarly, Delsing is not hopeful for Rapa Nui selfgovernment under the Chilean regime. This essay states that those who would advocate for such a stance ultimately must sacrifi ce political authority for an acceptance of Chilean sovereignty over the island. At the same time, the Rapa Nui must work within the current Chilean system because of colonial dependence. Both of these essays problematize sovereignty as an easy concept and instead call for an analysis of such movements that give attention to the complexities of colonization itself. In the second section, the book considers the relationship of language to both power and empowerment. Embedded in these discussions is an engagement with text and orality. The authors of these papers ask the diffi cult question of how to decolonize these sites of power in a way that supports the process of recovery and makes space for alternative methods of knowledge production. Joanne Rappaport and Abelardo Ramos Pacho write an insightful essay concerning Indigenous theorizing and collaborative history in Columbia. They make the important point that the differences that arise during collaboration are not always between the Western academic and the Indigenous researcher. The activist/academic divide, they argue, is much more relevant and less recognizable. These differences, if engaged with and discussed, make any collaborative project deeper and stronger. Jan Rus and Diane L. Rus


Using tick data covering a 12 year period including much of the recent financial crisis we provide an unprecedented examination of the relationship between liquidity and stock returns in the UK market. Previous research on liquidity using high frequency data omits the recent financial crisis and is focused on the US, which has a different market structure to the UK. We first construct several microstructure liquidity measures for FTSE All Share stocks, demonstrating that tick data reveal patterns in intra-day liquidity not observable with lower frequency daily data. Our asymptotic principal component analysis captures commonality in liquidity across stocks to construct systematic market liquidity factors. We find that cross-sectional differences in returns exist across portfolios sorted by liquidity risk. These are strongly robust to market, size and value risk. The inclusion of a momentum factor partially explains some of the liquidity premia but they remain statistically significant. However, during the crisis period a long liquidity risk strategy experiences significantly negative alphas.


Ferrographic oil analysis, as applied to a shipboard maintenance management program, is described. Ferrographic oil analysis has predicted three documented engine failures and identifications of three sub-optimal operating conditions within diesel engines through identification of wear particles, particle composition and physical property testing of oil. The wear trending procedure is considered to be reliable. Results obtained from both laboratory and vessel test equipment are analyzed to identify repeatability of equipment. Linear regression analysis and discriminant analysis are applied to sample data to determine wear trends and assist in prediction of failures.


This research to know influence between total of cash flow, cash flow from
operation activity, cash flow from investment activity, cash flow from financing
activity and accountancy profit to share return.
Data is used in this research is secondary data from monetary data in
Indonesian Stock Exchange. Research sample counted 33 manufacturing business in
Indonesia Stock Exchange, where used by method is sampling purposive that is a
method intake of sample by specifying certain criterion. With data pooling method
(year 2005 - 2007) amount of sample (n) = 99. Analyze data use t test and F test in
examination of its hypothesis.
Result of examination obtained that there is influence which is negativity and
significant among Cash Flow Operational to Expected Return Share by partial; there
no influence which is significant among Cash Flow Investment to Expected Return
Share by partial; there no influence which is significant among Cash Flow Financing
to Expected Return Share by partial; there is influence which is significant and
positive among Gross Profit to Expected Return Share by partial; and there is
influence which is significant and positive among Size measure Company (Size) to
Expected Return Share by partial.
Keywords : Total of cash flow, cash flow from operation activity, cash flow from
investment activity, cash flow from financing activity, accountancy
profit and share return.


Tightly coupled mitochondria from M. longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of different breeds of pigs showed variations in the rate of Ca2+ efflux during anaerobiosis. The initial fast efflux rate of Ca2+ could be used to relate the stress-susceptibility of the pigs used. Mitochondria from LD muscle of stress-susceptible (SS) Pietrain and Poland China pigs showed an anaerobic rate of Ca2+ efflux twice that of stress-resistant (SR) Large Whites. Mitochondria from crossbreds (Large White x Saddleback) showed a Ca2+ efflux rate intermediate between that of purebred SS and SR pigs. Halothane enhanced the rate of Ca2+ efflux only in SS pigs, and this effect could be eliminated by MgCl2. The marked difference in the rate of Ca2+ efflux between SS and SR pigs, and the enhancement in the rate of Ca2+ efflux by halothane only in SS pigs, offers an ultimate explanation for the formation of PSE (pale, soft and exudative) muscle and malignant hyperthermia in SS pigs. The excess Ca2+ liberated from mitochondria of SS pigs is postulated to be the trigger for PSE meat and also the case of malignant hyperthermia.


Trauma to the spinal cord involves the initial damage to the cells at the impact site, followed by expansion of the injury as a result of secondary injury mechanisms. Early after injury, there is substantial cell death, both necrotic and apoptotic. This is followed by the initiation of reparative mechanisms by the spinal cord, including proliferation of precursor cells and ependymal cells, and the infiltration of the lesion by Schwann cells and axons. Although the mammalian spinal cord is not capable of fully repairing itself after injury, it does undergo substantial remodeling. This article discusses the progression of contusive spinal cord injury and the remodeling that occurs. By understanding the endogenous repair responses that occur after injury, it may be possible to enhance them and thus produce more effective therapies.


The process of coagulation of the hemolymph in Macropipus puber (L.) Crustacea Decapod depends on one or several plasmatic factors and on a thermo-labile cellular factor which does not seem to be specific. The existence of these factors has been demonstrated.


Research investigating clients' internalised representations of their therapists has shown that developed therapist representations can be evoked by clients both within therapy and post-therapy. Clients can use their therapist representations to problem-solve, to self-soothe and to introspect. However, research suggests that clients may experience difficulty in forming representations of their therapists where there is either an absence of a therapeutic alliance or therapy relationship. Given that most therapists have engaged in therapy as clients themselves it is likely they also can potentially form representations of their therapists. From a Counselling Psychology perspective, therapists who can form representations of their therapists may be able to use these for personal and professional development. Considering the implications of therapists possibly using their therapist representations, it would seem relevant to investigate therapists' experiencing of this phenomenon. Therefore, this qualitative study aims to explore how therapists experience their therapist representations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight participants, -three psychologists and five psychotherapists, - all of whom were therapists and had completed a minimum of one ended year of personal therapy with the same therapist. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) the transcripts were analysed which indicated three master themes: 1) letting the therapist in, 2) identifying with the therapist, 3) the changes within. It was found that the participants seemed to have experienced a felt-presence of the representations of their therapists either alongside them or inside of them. They seemed to experience their therapist representations as holding. These representations may have had a reparative function of early object-relations thus improving current interpersonal relationships. The participants experienced imagined dialogue almost as a mentor-mentee style relationship. Interpretations of the participants' descriptions of their experiences appeared to make the process of internalised representations more explicit. The implications, applications and limitations of this qualitative study are addressed from a Counselling Psychology perspective.


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Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is a rare, congenital bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by severe anemia. DBA patients are generally diagnosed during infancy or early childhood and present with a high frequency of congenital anomalies, a predisposition to cancer and variable penetrance with severely affected and asymptomatic cases. Approximately 65% of DBA patients have heterozygous mutations or deletions in ribosomal protein (RP) genes encoding both large and small subunit proteins, resulting in autosomal dominant DBA. Current data suggest that the causal abnormalities in the remaining ∼35% of DBA patients are not in RP genes, leading to the hypothesis that mutations in non-RP genes may also cause DBA. Supporting this hypothesis, a recent study identified mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor GATA1 in two DBA families (Sankaran VG et al. J Clin Invest. 2012 Jul 2;122(7):2439-43).

We used whole exome sequencing (WES) to identify candidate gene mutations in DBA patients who had normal RP gene sequences and no copy number variants by SNP array analysis. With informed consent, we performed WES on the proband, an unaffected sibling and their parents in four unrelated DBA families. For each individual in the study we obtained between 103 and 112 million sequence reads covering 91% of the coding exons with an average depth of coverage of 80X. Each family member had 8,000-10,000 variants that differed from the reference sequence. Filtering out the common variants from the 1,000 Genomes and ClinSeq databases reduced this number to ∼100 variants per individual. We then used the VarSifter program to evaluate the variants in the context of inheritance patterns. VarSifter analysis revealed no variants that were consistent with X-linked inheritance. We found 3-5 variants/proband that were consistent with either a sporadic autosomal dominant or with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance in two of the four families. Variants were prioritized for functional validation according to the Conserved Domain-based Prediction (CDPred) scores (used to predict the effect of amino acid substitution on the function of the protein), and for gene expression in erythroid cells. CDPred scores below -7 predict severe effects that may result in a truncated or non-functional protein. In one DBA family, we identified potential autosomal recessive mutations in the Mini Chromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2 ( MCM2 ) (CDPred scores of -11) and Polymerase RNA III beta subunit (POLR3B ) (CDPred scores of -10 and -30) as potential candidates. In another DBA family, we identified mutations in the Filamin B ( FLNB ) gene (CDPred scores of -9 and -7). RNA-Seq analysis of normal erythroid cells at defined stages of differentiation revealed that MCM2 and POLR3B mRNA levels are low in CD34+ progenitor cells, increase significantly in BFU-E, CFU-E, proerythroblasts, early and late basophilic erythroblasts, then decrease significantly in polychromatic and orthochromatic erythroblasts. FLNB mRNA is present at relatively high levels in CD34+ progenitor cells, BFU-E and CFU-E, and decreases significantly as erythrocyte maturation progresses.

We transduced CD34+ progenitor cells isolated from healthy donors with lentiviral vectors containing shRNAs targeting MCM2 , POLR3B , or FLNB mRNA. RT-PCR analysis of RNA extracted from transduced cells demonstrated 60-90% knockdown of MCM2, POLR3B or FLNB mRNA. After 7 days of proliferation and 7 days of differentiation, we found that POLR3B knockdown cells showed no inhibition in the differentiation of CD41-/CD235+ erythroid cells compared to control, indicating POLR3B is an unlikely DBA candidate gene. In contrast, both MCM2 and FLNB depletion resulted in significant reductions in the number of CD41-/CD235+ erythroid cells, indicating these genes play important roles in erythropoiesis. Furthermore, when MCM2 shRNA transduced CD34+ progenitor cells were plated in semi-solid medium, CFU-GM colony numbers were normal, but BFU-E colony formation was significantly reduced, suggesting an erythroid-specific role for MCM2 . In conclusion, we have identified mutations in the non-ribosomal protein genes MCM2 and FLNB in patients with DBA and demonstrated an important role for these gene products in erythropoiesis. These findings would represent the first autosomal recessive mutations identified in DBA patients.

Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Objective: To investigate the clinical value of multislice spiral CT unenhanced scan and imaging reconstruction in the diagnosis of ureterolithiasis. Methods: The data of 64 layers spiral CT scan in 75 patients with ureteral calculus were retrospectively analyzed,the multiplanar and curved planar of ureter were reconstructed at workstation. Results: Eighty-seven ureteral stones in 75 patients were found,which included 22 stones in ureteropelvic junction,35 stones in the middle ureter and 30 stones in the distal ureter.Fifty-two patients with soft-tissue rim sign and 3 patients with the bladder filling defect complicated with ureterovesical junction calculus were observed. Compared with the conventional image measurement,the reconstruction image counld measure the stone size,and the classification levels of 14 stones were enhanced. Conclusions: The multislice spiral CT unenhanced scan and reconstruction can obtain good imaging of ureter,which can correct the classification level of stone,and provide the accurate and effective information in clinic.


The connection between airports and urban development is highly contested. From the time airports were first established in the 1920s airport proponents have argued that they would inevitably result in economic benefits for the local area. This boosterism played an important role in efforts to both establish and expand airports. While there is general agreement on a relationship between airports and economic development, its nature has varied over time and with location. Some scholars have questioned whether airports spark economic development or whether local economic development provides the context for airport expansion. Others have pointed out that sometimes the relationship has been a zero-sum game as economic activity simply moves from one part of a metropolitan area to another. And many have argued airport development is most likely to promote wider economic benefits only when it is part of broader planning efforts, but jurisdictional complexities (suburban airports surrounding by multiple jurisdictions, for example) often thwart such efforts. And the question arises as to whether airport-driven economic development merely aids the area immediately surrounding the airport or the broader metropolitan region. For local officials, the greatest barrier to using airports as a tool of economic development, though, has been the persistent problem of airport noise. Especially since the dawn of the jet age in the 1950s, aircraft noise issues have both shaped and limited development around airports. Further, the land use planning process for areas surrounding airports has had to not only show sensitivity to the noise issue but also to ensure that any development would not constitute a hazard to aerial navigation. Therefore, local officials have been most successful in promoting development closely related either directly or indirectly to aviation—activities such as manufacturing, transportation, hotels and convention centers. The areas around airports have also become the sites of otherwise "undesirable" developments such as prisons. However, any development on or near a public airport must also comply with multiple and complex federal rules and regulations. Most recently, calls for the privatization of airports has given rise to the question as to whether airports are more likely to promote economic development under private or public ownership. Privatization has been most common outside the United States. Within the United States, while privatization has had its champions, public ownership remains the overwhelming norm for larger commercial airports.


BACKGROUND
Health assessments are used to prioritize community-level health concerns, but the role of individuals' health concerns and experiences is unknown. We sought to understand to what extent community health assessments reflect health concerns of the community-at-large versus a representation of the participants sampled.

METHODS
We conducted a health assessment survey in 30 rural African American churches (n = 412). Multivariable logistic regression produced odds ratios examining associations between personal health concern (this health concern is important to me), personal health experience (I have been diagnosed with this health issue) and community health priorities (this health concern is important to the community) for 20 health issues.

RESULTS
Respondents reported significant associations for 19/20 health conditions between personal health concern and the ranking of that concern as a community priority (all P < 0.05). Inconsistent associations were seen between personal health experience of a specific health condition and the ranking of that condition as a community priority.

CONCLUSIONS
Personal health concerns reported by individuals in a study sample may impact prioritization of community health initiatives. Further research should examine how personal health concerns are formed.


This paper, taking Qijiang County as an example, uses the cumulative data of 1990 ~2010 geological disasters, DEM,topographic factors and strata in the preliminary analysis of the spatial and temporal variation of geological disasters in Qijiang county by using GIS method. The results show that the development has obvious seasonal time occurrence of geological disasters in Qijiang County, in the spatial distribution showed uneven, but concentrate relatively, has a high frequency in cutting strong, steep slope, relative elevation of the low mountain, the terrain is less, lithology is hard and low mountain areas occurred flat rate is low.


Reference to the literature regarding the South African forest tree Olinia cymosa Thunb. (" Hard Pear ") reveals that almost the whole of our knowledge concerning it has been confined to systematic descriptions. The aim of the studies described in this paper has been to collect information respecting the nature and life history of flowers, fruits, and first regeneration stages of this important species. 0. cymosa not only plays an important part in forest succession in the Knysna forest region, but also produces a most excellent timber for constructional purposes. Propagation of the species in sylvicultural practice is clearly desirable, but this has been rendered practically impossible on account of the lack of basic data concerning the biology of its flowers, fruits, and regeneration.


Gene expression programming(GEP)is a new adaptive evolutionary algorithm,which has been used in many fields and has good performances.Some new ideas,such as how to select the fitness function and the function set and introduce a new method to create the constants were proposed.This algorithm was used to solve the automatic modeling of the complex functions and then the projects were predicted according to this model.Through some simulated experiments,the results indicate that the models show good performances versus the conventional methods,such as least square method,neural networks,genetic programming and so on.


The present study was carried out with specimens of sludge from Apex Weaving and Finishing Mills in Almeda Textile Industry, Northern Tigrai, Ethiopia, to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb) in the sludge samples and an assessment was made with the heavy metal content in agricultural soil. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method was employed for the analysis purpose. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in mg/kg were 1.13, 47.00, 16827, 290, 410, and 13 respectively. All the heavy metal concentrations except Pb and Cr in the sludge samples were higher than that of in agricultural soil. Finally, the study concluded that pre-treatment process for reducing the amount of heavy metal is mandatory before the sludge can be used as a soil conditioner or fertilizer in the agricultural soil.


With the theory and algorithm of a non-adaptive group testing(NGT),it is built up the screening mathematical models of quantitative analysis of the driver's reliability of safety.On the basis of counting and analysing the observational time slices,the reliable driver and the age of safety can be screened and a theoretical basis was provided for selecting the best driver,raising the driver's inner quality,reducing traffic accident.


Styrene-methyl methacrylate copolymer was synthesized with methyl methacrylate and styrene monomer by suspension polymerization,whith BPO as initiator.The experiment of middle amplification was carried out successfully on the basis of small experiments.The synthesized products of both small and middle experiments were charcterized by modern analytical methods such as element analysis,IR,NMR and GPC.The structure was confirmed;the molecular weight and its distributing and molecular composition were determined accordingly.


Purpose: analysis of various aspects of clinical activity of physical therapists during rehabilitation intervention after plasty of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint. Material and methods: general scientific, bibliosemantic. Results: the main components of the rehabilitation intervention after plastic surgery of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee joint are characterized. Conclusions: the algorithm of rehabilitation intervention after plasty of the anterior cruciate ligament should consist of examination, planning, intervention and control.


A new image authentication technique using random sequence based secret sharing scheme with a data repair capability is proposed. For each block of image, an authentication signal is generated together with the binarized block content, which is transformed into several shares using the secret sharing scheme. The parameters which have been involved in the algorithm, are carefully selected so that the maximum number of shares can be generated to generate stego-image. In the process of image authentication, an image block is marked as tampered if the authentication signal computed from the current block content does not match with that extracted from the embedded shares. There after the data repairing is applied to each tampered block by the scheme of reverse secret sharing.


In this paper, we propose an adaptive user scheduling and resource management algorithm for multiuser MIMO downlink systems with heterogeneous delay requirements, in order to not only maximize the system throughput but also maintain delay constraints as well. We adopt the concepts of effective capacity and effective bandwidth to illustrate the behaviors of different traffic characteristics such as different source statistics and queue dynamics. It is shown that the scheduling problem can be formulated as a mixed convex and combinational optimization problem, and the proposed scheme is thus a water-filling solution. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm maintains the delay constraints for the delay sensitive users in the presence of bursty data traffic and maximizes the system throughput by exploiting the multiplexing diversity gain and multiuser selection gain.


Debugging long running multithreaded programs is a very challenging problem when using tracing-based analyses. Since such programs are non-deterministic, reproducing the bug is non-trivial and generating and inspecting traces for long running programs can be prohibitively expensive. We propose a framework in which, to overcome the problem of bug reproducibility, a lightweight logging technique is used to log the events during the original execution. When a bug is encountered, it is reproduced using the generated log and during the replay, a fine-grained tracing technique is employed to collect control-flow/dependence traces that are then used to locate the root cause of the bug. In this paper, we address the key challenges resulting due to tracing, that is, the prohibitively high expense of collecting traces and the significant burden on the user who must examine the large amount of trace information to locate the bug in a long-running multithreaded program. These challenges are addressed through execution reduction that realizes a combination of logging and tracing such that traces collected contain only the execution information from those regions of threads that are relevant to the fault. This approach is highly effective because we observe that for long running multithreaded programs, many threads that execute are irrelevant to the fault. Hence, these threads need not be replayed and traced when trying to reproduce the bug. We develop a novel lightweight scheme that identifies such threads by observing all the interthread data dependences and removes their execution footprint in the replay run. In addition, we identify regions of thread executions that need not be replayed or, if they must be replayed, we determine if they need not be traced. Following execution reduction, the replayed execution takes lesser time to run and it produces a much smaller trace than the original execution. Thus, the cost of collecting traces and the effort of examining the traces to locate the fault are greatly reduced.


Abstract Automated agricultural equipment such as a robot tractor has been developed to solve the problem of agriculture labor force shortage. A human-driven tractor following a robot system is useful for saving time on a large-scale farm. In this kind of system, a robot tractor does farm work while a human-driven tractor is following and doing a different operation. The human operator can control the robot through a controller. To monitor work conditions of the leading robot tractor, four cameras are mounted on the robot tractor, and images from the cameras are sent to the human-driven tractor through a video transmission system. The human operator can check the surroundings of the robot from a monitor. Also, a laser scanner is mounted in the front of the robot for safety. The results of an experiment using the system showed that the precision of the robot tractor, which had an RMS error of about 0.03 m, was better than that of an experienced tractor operator, for which the RMS error was about 0.04 m, while the range of lateral errors of the human-driven tractor improved from 0.25 m to 0.20 m by following the robot.


Abstract Lecturae of PURGATORIO XXVII have been almost unanimous in pointing out the importance of this canto. They have underlined its thematic complexity and variety, its stylistic diversity, its symbolic polymorphism, and its key position in the organization of the poem as the bridge between Purgatory and the Earthly Paradise. Conversely, and almost certainly as a result of the canto's heterogeneity, scholars have found it more difficult to reach the same kind of agreement as to its main ideological preoccupations. Thus, for example. Ulrich Leo suggests that it focuses on 'illusion' ('Il velo di Maya si stende su gran parte del nostro Canto' (p. 552)) and, more specifically, on Virgil ('il nostro Canto ha avuto ancora una volta quale punto centrale Virgilio' (p. 559)); Francis Fergusson finds its core in the theme of 'love's sacrifice'; Bruno Porcelli argues that 'il canto si svolge attraverso un alternarsi di divino e di umano' ('Il canto XXVII'); Bernard Stambler sees it as part of a broader 'functio...


The apple scab disease has probably evolved over a long time along with the apples. The disease is caused by the fungus Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint, anamorph Spilocaea pomi Fr. The aim of this study were the isolation and quantification the genomic DNA on old Romanian varieties in order to select the most important to them for the Marker Assisted Selections (MAS) on apple trees. This paper presents the results of DNA isolation by exploring local populations of apple like 'Prescurate', 'Seghese', 'Vieşti' and 'Kniş' apples old varieties, that are well adapted to the conditions in Romania and that are un interesting genetic potential for resistance to scab. Only the old apple varieties were used in the study. The implementation of marker selection depends on the quality and quantity of isolated genomic DNA. The results of the quantification performed following genomic DNA isolation show a large variability in the amount of DNA in each old apple variety. The DNA concentration in apple varieties both parents and some descendants have shown that the values are higher in parents than hybrids, with the highest value for 'Turnu' variety with 179.1 ng / μl, followed by 'Calvil alb' variety with 161.1 ng / μl, then 'Varga' variety with 155.0 ng / μl.


1186 www.pccmjournal.org December 2016 • Volume 17 • Number 12 test can be administered, particularly the rapidity with which data can be generated. Because of this sample size limitation, many of the analyses within the article exploring associations between FSS and other TBI characteristics (age, injury mechanism, admission pupillary reactivity, CT scans, and others) appear preliminary with the dataset employed by this study. It may be possible that such ambitious hypotheses could be addressed within a larger dataset, perhaps the 10,000+ subject dataset generated by Pollack et al (4). Alternatively, use of FSS in larger observational study in the future may prove fruitful in testing these associations. Finally, as with other outcome tests, the timing of the FSS testing in this study should give us pause in data interpretation and extrapolation. For children with TBI, healing and improvement are generally observed for months and months after the injury. Furthermore, it is common for children with this disorder to leave the hospital while receiving medications that can alter their sensorium. So, while it is interesting that so many children meet the criteria for new disability using this score, the overall burden of disability from TBI in this cohort is impossible to truly estimate because the FSS was only administered at the time of hospital discharge. It would be quite interesting to determine how long these disabilities persist during the child's recovery. In summary, this article adds to our knowledge about challenges facing children with TBI as they leave the hospital and continue on with the rest of their lives. The article demonstrates that the FSS can be implemented as part of routine practice in two different healthcare systems, and the relationships observed between the FSS and patient characteristics can serve as a baseline for work going forward in the coming years. As a field, establishing which outcome tests can be readily administered while also measuring relevant outcomes for various populations of children with TBI is an essential next step in developing therapies for this disorder that is highly prevalent and morbid.


[Objective] To optimize the extraction process of geniposide from FRUCTUS GARDENIAE.[Method] Taking the extraction rate of geniposide as index,orthogonal test designed with 3 investigation objects including solid-liquid ratio,extraction temperature and extraction time was performed to optimize the extraction process of geniposide from FRUCTUS GARDENIAE on the basis of single factor test.[Results] The optimal extraction conditions of geniposide were as follows:60% alcohol as extracting solvent,solid-liquid ratio of 1:4,extraction temperature of 75 ℃,extraction time of 3 h.Under the above conditions,the extraction rate of geniposide reached as high as 12.59%.[Conclusion] The efficiency and stability of geniposide could be improved by suitable extraction conditions.


Picture naming task is employed to investigate the pattern of semantic deficits in mentally retarded children and to explore their semantic developmental trend.Non-retarded children at the same age as the retarded ones are selected as the control group.Results indicate that compared with non-retarded children,retarded children show semantic deficits both in living things and non-living things.But the two categories in retarded children are impaired less severely than those in brain-damaged sufferers,and the semantic deficits in living things are more severe than those in non-living things.The semantic level of retarded children develops gradually with the increase of age,and higher elementary students have the highest level to recognize non-living things with ceiling effect.


This study was designed to explore whether initial information on client social class would impact negatively on the therapist's perception, evaluation and proposed treatment of the client. Respondents were randomly selected (N= 300) from the membership lists of the British Columbia Psychological Association and the Canadian Guidance and Counselling Association (British Columbian members). The return rate was 37% (N= 111). Of these, 49 were returned from the British Columbia Psychological Association and 62 from the Canadian Guidance and Counselling Association. Each respondent read the client information forms. They then filled out a questionnaire containing a seven-point Likert scale, a qualitative response section, a semantic differential of opposing adjectives, a respondent relationships form, and a demographics section. Half of the questionnaires contained the description of a lower social class client, and half contained the description of a middle class client. All remaining information was identical. Examination by total sample population, association and gender all produced significant results linked to client social class. The lower class client was evaluated as less intelligent, less knowledgeable, less capable, less clean, less hostile, louder, and more emotional than the middle class client. The CGCA respondents produced lower frequencies of presenting problems for the lower class client. Doctoral degree respondents produced less significant bias than respondents with master's degrees. An unusual pattern of evaluation linked to respondents' years of experience was apparent, however results by client social class were not significant. Caution is advised when translating results to real-life situations since counsellors may not necessarily respond in the same way in a real counselling setting as they would to a hypothetical client.


Dear Editor, The molecular determinants that drive breast cancer progression tometastasis are complex and partly controlled by nucleic acid epi-modifications [1]. Although DNA-methyl modifications in breast cancer metastasis have been well described, there is limited understanding of the role of RNA methylation in advanced disease [2]. This study aimed to provide an understanding on the role of the epitranscriptome in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer progression to metastasis. Numerous RNA modifications have been described to date, of which N-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications are the most common [3]. Here, we mapped dynamic global m6A-specific methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIPseq), with corresponding RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and mass spectrometry, in cell models of disease progression to metastasis: endocrine-sensitive (MCF7/luminal A), endocrineresistant (LY2/luminal B) and endocrine-resistant brain metastatic (T347/patient-derived luminal B metastatic) (Figure 1A). The relevance of this model system was verified using comparative analysis of patient-matched brain metastatic samples [4] with RNA-seq data from our cells (LY2 vs. MCF7 and T347 vs. MCF7) [4] (Supplementary Table S1). Consistent differential gene expression in key oncogenic pathways such as Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and epithelial-


Get help with writing, citations, Noodle Tools, and more at this center. Now we're located in the library. The Writing & Learning Studio can help you get started on your paper with brainstorming or mind mapping along with other strategies. Consult the experts on citation help, grammar, and more in a collaborative environment.


WBANs offer a variety of medical applications and have received considerable attention in recent years. Due to the limited energy of sensors, prolonging network lifetime is of paramount importance for WBANs. Although duty-cycling techniques can conserve energy consumption and energy harvesting techniques can provide extra energy supply, the former leads to huge data delivery delay and the latter cannot supply energy infinitely and stably. Therefore, how to maximize network lifetime at low latency is still an open and challenging problem. In this article, we introduce a three-level sleep scheduling strategy for EH-WABNs. The first level is sensor node scheduling, which minimizes the number of sensors in an active sensor group. The second level is active sensor group discovery, which finds the maximum number of active sensor groups to enable alternate work in different frames to the greatest extent. The third level is active sensor group scheduling, which assigns an active sensor group in each frame. Importantly, this article provides a novel route to reduce energy consumption in EH-WBNAs, i.e. a combination of sensor sleep scheduling and energy harvesting, and we believe that this design can also be useful for other network scenarios.


Software defect prediction (SDP) can help software developers and quality assurance personnel to effectively predict software fault proneness. Recently, researchers have proposed a lot of methods to improve the predicting results, especially under a within-project defect prediction (WPDP) setting. However, cross-project defect prediction (CPDP) is difficult because of the data distribution difference between source and target projects. Transfer learning model has been proven that it can effectively reduce the data distribution difference. By the intuition, if the better source is selected, we can get better prediction performance based on transfer learning model. In this paper, we conducted an empirical study on source selection including feature selection and source project selection for CPDP, and then combined source selection with popular transfer learning model TCA+ in CPDP. Finally, the result shows that the combining technique MZTCA+ can effectively improve the state-of-the art CPDP models, such as TCA+, LT, Dycom, TDS.


The aim of this research is to describe how are reading materials in Buku Bahasa Inggris in aspect texts and task viewed from teachers' and researcher's perception and also the perception of the students toward this reading materials in this students' textbook. The main source of teaching materials comes from textbook. This research analyzes reading materials in students' English textbook of 2013 curriculum for grade X semester II. Source of the data in this research is divided into two. First is analysis checklist of reading materials in the students' English textbook of 2013 curriculum for grade X semester II filled by three analysts? Two analysts are English teachers at SMAN 4 Payakumbuh and the other one is researcher herself. The checklist includes two indicators of reading material that are texts and tasks of reading materials. Second is the questionnaire of students' perception toward reading materials. After all the collected, it found that the reading texts in this textbook have fulfilled the criteria. The aspects are interest, authenticity, cultural background knowledge, layout, visual, and value. On the other hand, the lexical knowledge in the reading text is not suitable with the students' level. There are too many unfamiliar words found in each reading text. Then, the reading tasks in the students' English textbook do not provide variety of questions in the task. There was not any question that reflected guessing meaning from the context. Last, the students viewed that the reading text are too long and many difficult words that make them cannot understand the text well and hard to answer the questions in reading tasks.


A folding chair for a table is provided, which continuously maintains the withdrawal condition of the chair by a locking device installed at the inner side of the pillar. A folding chair for a table comprises: a supporting part(41) fixed to the supporting frame by a bolt in the state that the lower part and one side of lateral face are opened at the same time; a cover member(40) in which a holing part fixed to the pillar by the bolt is integrally formed; a first connection link(51a) in which one end is pivotally fixed to the inner side of the cover member; a second connection link(51b) in which the second clip(52b) is fixed to one side and one end is fixed to the pillar by the bolt at the same time; a folding device in which a spring is elastically installed between the first clip and the second clip.


A thermal-structure coupling simplified model of wheel-rail sliding friction heating was established by using ANSYS finite element software.The temperature field and thermal stress field was analyzed on the basis of specified loads,friction coefficient and relative sliding velocity of the wheel-rail.The results show that the effect of the material parameters varying with temperature variation needs to be considered when the wheel-rail is under sliding friction.Heat affected zone locates in a very thin layer of wheel-rail surface,and heat stress is very high in this layer.The thermal effect of wheel and rail is much more obvious as the load,the friction coefficient and the relative sliding velocity are increased.The analysis of thermal effect issues of wheel-rail during wheel sliding will help to reveal the wear mechanism of surface in the contact process.


Thirty Aboudeleik ewes aged 3-5 years with an average body weight of 37.5±3.75 kg were used in the study at RasHederbaValley region (Shalateen Research Station, DesertResearchCenter). The present work was designed to evaluate the effects of organic and inorganic salt additives on some histological responses of skin and wool follicles and coat changes of Aboudeleik ewes. Sheep skin consists mainly of epidermis and dermis. The epidermis composed of stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. The dermis consists of connective tissue which is divided into an upper papillary layer and a lower reticular layer.The experimental results revealed that the addition of the two forms of salt additives to the sheep nutrition showed variable changes in the thickness of all skin layers of treated animals than the control group. The skin thickness and the papillare layer were thinner in sheep fed on organic salt additives while the reticular layer increased significantly by the two forms of salt additives. Values of all primary and secondary wool follicle dimensions increased by the use of the two forms of salt additives than the control group. The external and internal diameters of the primary follicles increased significantly in the treatment groups. In case of secondary follicles, the external diameter and the wall thickness were affected significantly in the inorganic group than those of the other two groups. The diameter of fibres produced from the primary follicles and the medulla thickness increased significantly by the two forms of salt additives than those of control group with no significant differences between them. Whereas organic salt additives affected significantly the diameter of the fibres produced by the secondary follicle. The coat fibres of Aboudeleik sheep were of bimodal structure usually consists of outer and under coats. Animals have supplemented diets with the two forms of salt additives recorded the highest percentage of fibres from type A and also the under coat percentage whereas inorganic group represented the highest percentage of type B. The greatest percentage of type C was found in the animals supplemented with organic salt additives. The fibres length and number of crimps/centimeter in Aboudeleik sheep was affected by the use of the two forms of salt additives. Sheep had inorganic salt additives recorded a significant increase in the length of type A than those of the other two groups and of type B only with the control group. It could be concluded that the supplementation of sheep diets with salt additives is a useful method in challenging the unbalanced salt conditions found in the rangeland of desert regions which affects the livestock development throughout the production and performance of animals.


The present invention have the general formula Phosphor of the present invention, since less narrow particle size distribution agglomeration, can be obtained easily and uniformly mixed with the resin or the like, easily high brightness white LED. D