Objective To compare the stiffness, pull-out strength and energy absorption of two different sacroiliac screw fixation techniques under different loading conditions to determine the new fixation method more congruous with human biomechanics requirements. Methods Eight bone specimens of human pelvis of 23 to 45 year-old were used. No deformity, osteoporosis, tumor or trauma was found in all the specimens after gross anatomy, X-ray and BMD (bone material density) inspection. The eight pelvis were cut into halves and divided into two groups. Sixteen sacroiliac screws by using LX method were inserted into the left sides (Group one), the negative stress sacroiliac screw was inserted into the tension band of sacroiliac complex, the positive stress sacroiliac screw was inserted into the compression band. Eight ordinary sacroiliac screws were inserted into the right sides (Group two). The insertion torque, pull-out strength, relative migration, energy absorption ofeach screw were measured. Results The pull-out strength of the sacroiliac screws using LX method were higher than that of the ordinary sacroiliac screw (P0.05). There exist obviously positive correlations between the insertion torque and the pull-out strength, the BMD and the pull-out strength, the BMD and the insertion torque (P0.05). The energy absorption of the ordinary sacroiliac screws was higher than that of the pressure screws and the tension screws (P0.05), but the total energy absorption was higher in the sacroiliac screws using LX method when compared with that of the ordinary sacroiliac screws (P0.05). Conclusion The stiffness, pull-out strength and absorption energy of sacroiliac screws using LX method were biomechanically superior to that of ordinary sacroiliac screw. Therefore, the new sacroiliac screws fixation technique which is more congruous with human biomechanics requirements would be recommended for better stability of the reconstructed pelvis.


Deuterium retention in two types of toughened, fine-grained recrystallized W (TFGR W-1.2 wt% titanium carbide (TiC) and TFGR W-3.3 wt% tantalum carbide (TaC)) was studied, compared to pure W. D plasma exposure was performed to a fluence of 1 × 1026 D m−2 at a temperature of 573 K, followed by retention measurement analysis by nuclear reaction analysis and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). It is found that D retention in TFGR W is higher than that in pure W. This is because TFGR W has a high density of trapping sites with low trapping energy and dispersoid (TiC or TaC) may serve as additional trapping sites with high trapping energy. Different irradiation experiments (D ion beam implantation) were also conducted at sample temperatures of 473–873 K, followed by TDS. At higher sample temperature (> 700 K), D retention in TFGR W-3.3 wt% TaC is lower than that in TFGR W-1.2 wt% TiC. This may be due to different types of dispersoids.


The models in the previous sections were static, meaning that the initial decision (portfolio) is never modiied. We now introduce dynamic models, where future changes, recourse, to the initial decision are allowed. This leads naturally to Two-and Multi-stage Stochastic Programs. Although the stochastic cash-ow matching problem and the S-MAX model for maximizing the expected horizon return are better approximations to an uncertain world than their deterministic counterparts, they have a serious limitation: They model a strict buy-and-hold situation, where the investor buys a portfolio, then never changes it. There is, of course, nothing to keep the investor from periodically reviewing the portfolio, but then we might as well model this possibility explicitly. We rst consider a simpliied model where the decision maker can rebalance once in the future, after one time period. To do this, we introduce, in addition to the initial, or rst-stage, decision variables x i , a set of second-stage variable, y s i , where y s i is the holdings of security i 2 U in time periods t = 1; :::; m, under scenario s 2 S. Note that the second-stage variables are scenario-dependent. This is natural, otherwise we would force the same second-stage portfolio no matter what was learned about the economy (or cash ows) during the rst period.


Forests are of utmost importance for sustainability because of their ongoing contributions to biodiversity protection, fertility management in agricultural areas, and the well-being of people. However, few studies have focused on the extent to which the bioeconomy of forests impacts a country's social and economic development. This study aimed to examine the bioeconomy contribution of forestry to social and economic development using Greece as a case study. Data was collected from 312 professionals in the forestry and finance sectors of Greece using a survey questionnaire. Forests are associated with direct and indirect contributions that impact human livelihood and contribute toward a country's economic development. However, the role of forestry in development is affected by policy-related and human-made challenges. The difficulties are primarily caused by shifts in how economic activity is distributed from the agricultural to the industrial to the service sectors, different government policies intended to increase forest cover, and in other instances, as a result of the role of global capital and trade. The forestry contributions to global commerce, national economies, employment, and family incomes remain consistent throughout all these patterns of loss, stabilization, and recovery. It was established that the bioeconomy can increase the benefits of forests by further exploiting forest wealth (biomass, resins) with the direct and indirect benefits for forest-related societies and local economies. In addition, the management and exploitation of forests by adopting bioeconomy practices, allows the attainment of important skills, knowledge, and new fields of entrepreneurship.


Eleven gold‐rich porphyry copper and 14 epithermal gold deposits around the Pacific rim contain > 200 t (‐7 million oz) of gold. These large porphyry‐type deposits conform to a single overall model, whereas the large epithermal gold deposits are varied in both genetic type and mineralisation style. Most regional and local characteristics of the largest porphyry and epithermal deposits fail to explain convincingly their extremely high gold contents. Nevertheless, a number of hypothetical processes operative alone, or in combination, in the mantle, in upper crustal magma chambers and at the sites of gold accumulation are believed to maximise the likelihood of exceptional gold concentrations. Partial melting of the upper parts of stalled lithospheric slabs in the mantle, immediately following collision or arc migration, promotes oxidation of mantle sulfides and the release of gold. These tectonic scenarios may also result in rapid cooling and uplift‐induced depressurisation of upper crustal magma chambers, t...


This paper analyzed that characteristic of coordinating operation of protective device in a power distribution system with Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) and Distributed Generation (DG). In a power distribution system with DG, the fault current is increased because the DG is adding current source when a permanent fault occurs, and the protective devices in each other could not be coordinated. However, when SFCLs are applied into a power distribution system with DG, the coordination of protective devices could be accomplished. Therefore, to solve these problems, we analysed the operation of protective devices coordination in a power distribution system linked DG with SFCL.


The object of this paper is to draw attention to the close conceptual relationship between finite elasticity theory, particularly as it relates to incompressible isotropic materials, and the nonlinear continuum mechanics of incompressible isotropic viscoelastic materials. This parallelism in the development of the two subjects is evident, not only in the formulation of the two theories, but also in the identification of the types of problems which are mathematically tractable by analytical methods and whose solutions may lead to predictions of physical interest. In the present paper, the parallel will be drawn mainly for the case when the viscoelastic materials are fluids.


The d e p o s i t i o n of t h i n niobium f i l m s on copper i s a n a t t r a c t i v e s o l u t i o n t o improve t h e thermal s t a b i l i t y of superconduct ing r f cav i t i e s . F i r s t r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d wi th a b i a s d i o d e sys tem have confirmed t h e i n t e r e s t of t h i s approach. A s a n a l t e r n a t i v e t o t h e d i o d e conf igur a t i o n , a c y l i n d r i c a l magnetron system h a s been developed a t CERN which combines t h e advantages of a s imple r d e s i g n and o f a s h o r t e r c o a t i n g d u r a t i o n . The c o a t i n g systems and procedure a r e d e s c r i b e d t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e p h y s i c a l p r o p e r t i e s o f t h e niobium f i l m s and t h e r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d on r f c a v i t i e s . Q. v a l u e s i n e x c e s s o f 2 x 1 0 ~ a t 5 M V / ~ have been r e p r o d u c i b l y achieved on s i n g l e c e l l 500 MHz c a v i t i e s and a Q, v a l u e o f 6 . 2 ~ 1 0 ~ was reached a t 5 MV/m on a 4 c e l l 352 MHz c a v i t y . Together w i t h t h e s e e x c e l l e n t r e s u l t s , Nb coa ted copper cav i t i e s a l s o p r e s e n t some inconveniences such a s t h e s p o r a d i c appearance of b l i s t e r s i n t h e Nb f i l m and a f a s t e r d e c r e a s e of Q, w i t h i n c r e a s i n g f i e l d . The r e s u l t s s o f a r achieved a r e p r e s e n t e d and d i s c u s s e d . Proceedings of The Third Workshop on RF Superconductivity, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois, USA


Based on the Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 46/PUU-VIII/ 2010, a child born from an unregistered marriage may have a civil relationship with his biological father, so as to remain inherited, and to obtain legal certainty as an heir the name of the uregistered marrieage born child should mentioned as the heir. This fact is interesting to be examined and it aims to obtain answers of the legal strength of the heirs' certificate of unrecorded marriage. This research type is juridical normative with legislation approach through the descriptive-qualitative method. The results of the study indicate that in order to obtain legal certainty, it is supposedly that the certificate of inheritance contains the name of the unrecorded marriage born child. But, this is can't be done, because there is no legislation determines that the child's name from unregistered marriage could be contained in the letter. So, with no legislation, the certificate of inheritance containing the name of the unregistered marriage child has no legal power, and therefore it is recommended that the government immediately make a regulation concerning the inheritance certificate for the child from unregistered marriage, so it could be clear and fixed.


In order to investigate the cytokinetics of malignant tumors and non‐malignant lesions of the lung, tissue samples from 57 patients affected by non‐small‐cell carcinoma (NSCLC), small‐cell carcinoma (SCLC), and benign and inflammatory lesions have been analyzed using the BUdR monoclonal antibody (MAb) method. This method is based on the preparation, at the time of surgery, of viable monocellular suspensions (using collagenase and DNase treatment) and the concomitant administration of BudR. The percentage of BudR‐labelled cells was monitored by fluorescent microscopy using an FITC‐labelled second antibody. In NSCLC, each histological group showed a wide range of labelling index (LI) values. On the contrary, SCLC exhibited a more homogeneous kinetic behaviour as evidenced by a narrowly distributed, higher LI. Tumors shown to be diploid by flow cytometry did not show a lower LI than aneuploid tumors. Furthermore, differences were constantly observed between the S‐phase percent calculated using BUdR and that calculated using the DNA flow cytometric (FC) histogram, the latter always showing higher S‐phase values. In an attempt to study the intratumor proliferative heterogeneity, multiple‐site sampling was performed. Proliferative heterogeneity seemed to be higher inter‐tumor than intra‐tumor. Finally, a positive correlation (p < 0.05) was found between LI and the actual doubling time (DT) of the primary tumor mass, evaluated using sequential radiographs. In conclusion, the present BUdR method can be considered a useful source of relevant information on in vivo cell growth, in parallel to other clinical (DT) and biological (DNA content) approaches.


A study of teaching mathematical concepts with computers, based on a series of experiments with pairs of students of the third class of high school (13‐14 years old), is presented. The proposed methodology is focused on the generation of teaching programs, that consist of two subprograms, namely the program‐game and the program‐'anthyphairesis'. Some positive conclusions of this study indicate that during the teaching process the capability of the students to see and check the actual results on the screen (VDU), and the use of geometrical figures (diagrams) with the accuracy that is offered by the computer graphics as well as the movement of figures, were the dominant factors for the understanding of the mathematical concepts being presented. It was also found that the presence of a qualified teacher is necessary for explaining certain difficult concepts from the student's point of view.


Currently, autism spectrum disorder is a common, heterogeneous disease. It is diagnosed through behavioral questionnaires, parent, and doctor observations due to there are no biomarkers. The treatment is mostly carried out through education and behavioral interventions. Proven effective drugs of concomitant diseases can also be added to the treatment regimen if it is necessary. Nevertheless, recent studies have identified several compounds including arbaclofen, oxytocin, sulforaphane, and bumetanide that have an impact on the main symptoms of autism, such as social communication deficits and restrictive/repetitive behaviors. Bumetanide, a proven diuretic, is one of the most studied chemicals in the past decade. In this review; first, diagnosis of autism and tests used for it, are briefly explained, thereafter the pharmacological treatment approaches of autism, the targeted new treatment mechanisms, the association between intracellular chloride concentration with autism are mentioned respectively. After summarising the frequently used animal models, preclinical and clinical studies that focus on the effect of bumetanide, which is the center of this review, on autism were evaluated


Given the predominant readership of this periodical, one should begin by positioning Criminal Law, Tradition and Legal Order within the span of sociological method. It is in the Weberian tradition of Verstehen. It seeks to understand criminal justice through the actors who by virtue of their roles are able to impose meaning upon it, using their distinctive form of rationality. Empirical data are illustrative, rather than determinative, of the author's thesis. Farmer is a graduate of Edinburgh University in Scots Law, who now, after periods in Strathclyde University and Florence, teaches at Birkbeck College, London. Throughout he has maintained an absorption with the "genius of Scots law." The present book is the culmination of a series of articles in which he has thrown out a challenge to the received wisdom, both among other academics and the Scots judges, as to its true character. But he purports to be drawing conclusions on the role of criminal law in any mature system. There must be doubts as to whether the features of Scots criminal justice, to which the central core of the book is devoted, are not too idiosyncratic to support such generalizations. Farmer's central arguments would seem to run counter to the drawing of wide conclusions. He points out that criminal law always operates within boundaries—of territory, of history, and of its own rationality. Scotland's criminal law has been bound up with its sense of national identity. But that fact must cast doubt on its ability to supply enlightenment on transnational systems such as those derived from English common law or French law. The key characteristic of Scots criminal law is that its principle is practice. The judges and advocates have, by their special processes of reasoning, constructed the law from case to case, in doing so purporting to enunciate the community values of Scotland and thus affirming its national identity. After two scene-setting chapters, Farmer develops his thesis in three chapters that may seem somewhat technical and introverted to readers outside Scottish legal circles. In two he faces what must seem an obvious objection to the thesis that Scots criminal law is even more made by judges than the English common law. It is that so much of what goes on in Scottish courtrooms today rests on law enacted in the U.K. Parliament. He shows how, in the 19th century, military force as the means of maintaining order went into decline and a new meaning of order was enunciated by the ruling elite. It enlisted criminal law, judges and courts, police, and (though he says little about them) prisons to impose standards of health, sobriety, and industry on the population and thus reduced em-


A sinusoidal rate of loading is one of the less common ways of testing fibers. A mathematical treatment of the behavior of visco-elastic materials under such conditions is developed, and this theory is applied to data obtained using Nylon 66 monofils. The results indicate that the sig nificant values for the flow process are dependent on the frequency of vibration. An experimental method of obtaining the data necessary is described.


Abstract What role does a commission of inquiry (COI) play in delivering accountability? In theory, when the public delegates power to political leaders to formulate and implement policies, they seek political accountability in return. Using Ghana as a case study, this study examines how the operations of COIs may deliver accountability. Principal–agent theories of accountability and African conceptions of legitimacy are incomplete on their own and need to be integrated into an explanation of political accountability that takes into consideration political transitions and the role of COIs in delivering a minimalist form of accountability. This study argues that a COI is an instrument of regime legitimatisation. The demands by citizens for political accountability in Ghana correlate with political transitions. Accompanying each power alternation was a different model of political accountability. To understand the predominant applications of accountability, we emphasise the politicisation of accountability.


CHANGES IN VISUAL SENSITIVITY WITH AGE AT PHOTOPIC, MESOPIC AND SCOTOPIC LUMINANCE LEVELS HAVE BEEN FOUND IN STUDIES ON VISUAL ACUITY, DARK ADAPTATION, AND FLICKER. IT ALSO HAS BEEN SHOWN THAT SENSITIVITY TO GLARE INCREASES WITH AGE. APPROXIMATELY AT THE AGE OF 40 YEARS THE PACE OF CHANGE IS ACCELERATED. THIS CAN BE SHOWN EQUALLY WELL FOR THE DARK ADAPTATION, FLICKER, AND GLARE DATA. MOST STUDIES THUS FAR HAVE BEEN RESTRICTED TO TESTS IN THE CENTRAL VISUAL FIELD. INFORMATION ON VISUAL PERFORMANCE IN THE PERIPHERAL VISUAL FIELD IS OBTAINED BY STUDIES ON DYNAMIC VISUAL ACUITY AND FLICKER PERIMETRY. PERIMETRIC FIELDS OBTAINED BY THE FLICKER METHOD IN INDIVIDUALS BETWEEN THE AGES OF 6 AND 93 YEARS UNDER VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS ARE PRESENTED, AND THE EFFEECTS OF ALERTNESS, TRAINING, AND EXPERIENCE ARE DISCUSSED. /AUTHOR/


Plant phenology and phenotype prediction using remote sensing data is increasingly gaining the attention of the plant science community to improve agricultural productivity. In this work, we generate synthetic forestry images that satisfy certain phenotypic attributes, viz. canopy greenness. The greenness index of plants describes a particular vegetation type in a mixed forest. Our objective is to develop a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to synthesize forestry images conditioned on this continuous attribute, i.e., greenness of vegetation, over a specific region of interest. The training data is based on the automated digital camera imagery provided by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) and processed by the PhenoCam Network. The synthetic images generated by our method are also used to predict another phenotypic attribute, viz., redness of plants. The Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) index is utilized to assess the quality of the synthetic images. The greenness and redness indices of the generated synthetic images are compared against that of the original images using Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) in order to evaluate their accuracy and integrity. Moreover, the generalizability and scalability of our proposed GAN model is determined by effectively transforming it to generate synthetic images for other forest sites and vegetation types.


PIBER NETO, E. Egg's enrichment: utilization of fish oils and marine algae as sources of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in hens' diet. [Enriquecimento do ovo: utilizacao de oleos de peixes e alga marinha como fontes de acidos graxos poliinsaturados omega-3 em racoes de galinhas]. 2006. 72 f. Dissertacao (Mestrado em Medicina Veterinaria) – Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 2006. To investigate the influence of three PUFAs n-3 marine sources – salmon oil (SA), tuna and sardine oil (A/S), marine algae (AL) and combinations (SA+A/S, AL+SA, AL+A/S) – on egg quality and egg lipid composition, compared to a corn/soy control group (CON), 168 Hisex White laying hens were assigned into seven treatments with three repetitions in a randomized design during a experimental period of five weeks. The external and internal egg quality were not significantly affected by the addition of PUFAs n-3 marine sources into the hen diets. The saturated : monounsaturated : polyunsaturated ratio (3.5:4.5:2.0) remained constant by the supplementation of the marine sources into the diets. The salmon oil and the tuna and sardine oil showed the best results of PUFAs n-3 egg yolk enrichment, mainly the DHA. The PUFAs n-6/PUFAs n-3 ratio was significantly reduced by the inclusion of PUFAs n-3 sources into the hen diets. The EPA, although with lower levels than DHA into the egg yolk, showed a significant increase by the use of salmon oil and tuna and sardine oil added to the diet as compared to the control group (CON). The consumption of two DHA enriched eggs from this study per day probably would reach the daily requirements of this PUFA n-3 for the human been.


Ab s t r Ac t Aim: To evaluate the viability of human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells in honey when used as a storage media at different time intervals. Materials and methods: Fifty freshly extracted human premolars were divided into four experimental groups: group I: stored in honey immediately after extraction; group II: stored in honey after 30 minutes extraoral dry time; group III: in Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS) immediately (positive control); and group IV: bench-dried for 8 hours with no media (negative control). Groups I, II and III were further divided into three subgroups, to test viability at different time intervals of 3, 6, and 24 hours. The PDL tissue derived was subjected to the trypan blue dye exclusion test. The number of viable cells was estimated with a hemocytometer and the data were statistically analyzed, and the level of significance was kept at p < 0.05. Results: Groups I and III showed no statistically significant difference in percentage of viable PDL cells after 3 hours (p = 0.339) and 6 hours (p = 0.142), and group II had a statistically lower percentage of viable cells compared to groups I and III (p < 0.001). After 24 hours, group III had highest percentage of viable cells. Group IV had a consistently lower percentage of viable cells. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it appears that honey may be as efficient as HBSS for storage of avulsed teeth up to 6 hours. Clinical significance: Commercial honey meets most requirements of an ideal storage media. Being more readily available, inexpensive, and having several therapeutic properties can make it a popular storage media for short duration of storage.


Introduction: Commercial gradient systems enable the concomitant echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) acquisition of up to 8 k-space lines within one spectral dwell time Δt at 3 Tesla [1]. Temporal non-uniformity of the sampling of k-space lines, resulting from the necessity to periodically cancel gradients, can lead to spectral Nyquist ghosts [2]. If the spectral bandwidth is less than 5.3 ppm, Nyquist ghosts of water (4.65 ppm) or fat methylene (1.3 ppm) signals may impair the quantitation of metabolites of interests. Segmented center-out k-t-trajectory combined with phase-encoding flybacks takes advantage of k-space damping to reduce the convolution of spatial and temporal encoding by privileging the uniform sampling of k-space lines that are near the center of k-space (Fig. 1) [3]. Alternating the center-out direction, a feature required to help reducing the pitch and loudness, may create an additional source of spectral Nyquist ghosting. Spectra acquired with doubleshot center-out EPSI may exhibit Nyquist ghost of water with intensity comparable to that of the NAA singlet. This Nyquist water artifact can be mitigated by averaging with a 16-step EXOR phase cycle (Fig. 2). We investigated the efficiency of the phase-cycling scheme by comparing the Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLB) of glutamate concentrations in presence or absence of water Nyquist ghost near 2.35 ppm.


The FM band radio is one of the most common receivers found in todaypsilas automobile and is considered to be an important factor in consumerspsila ratings of vehicle quality and craftsmanship. As automotive electronics continue to evolve with new technology and mounting locations, suppliers and automakers must take care not to create interference conditions between these sensitive on-board receivers and potential sources of noise. Therefore a significant amount of resources are applied in electrical component, systems, and vehicle development to ensure good radio performance. The authors propose a pre-compliance test method that can be used during electronic component and electronic system development to detect and quantify such cases of interference. The test method can be performed prior to vehicle integration to allow for efficient and low cost solutions to potential issues.


The path to a career in nursing begins on the first day of nursing training and is not completed until the nurses have worked one year in their profession. During the training period, the student nurses have training elements in two different activitysystems: the higher education institution and the healthcare sector. The aim of this study is to examine and highlight the relationship between the different parts of the training as well as how the relationship is manifested during the newly qualified nurses' initial period in the profession. The research's overall question is what makes the newly qualified nurses' learning and knowledge development easier or harder in relation to the different parts of the nursing training. Interviews have been used to create data which have been analysed based on activity theory, a social theory of learning and different ways of describing knowledge. The research findings show that the activity systems have different knowledge cultures, learning processes and patterns of action. The study participants describe the differences in terms of being in 'different worlds'. The newly qualified nurses do not always have the practical skills that are sought after and, therefore, cannot always act as independent subjects, but become marginalized non-participants who observe the course of events. Supervision and the rounds are the two most demanding duties during the first year in the profession, since these duties have been practiced to a limited extent during the nurse training placement. The supervisory function appears different to newly qualified male and female nurses. The women in the study feel that it is problematic to be a supervisor for older experienced assistant nurses, in that the assistant nurses do not accept them as supervisors. The men do not indicate this as being a problem, rather emphasizing that the assistant nurses support them in the supervisory function. During the rounds, the nurses must inform the doctor of the state of the patients' health and care needs. The participants feel that it is difficult to live up to the doctors' demands ahead of the rounds. In summary, my findings show that the different knowledge cultures in the higher education institution and the healthcare sector make the newly qualified nurses' learning and knowledge development more difficult. During the first year in the profession, the newly qualified nurses learn to be nurses, and they talk about themselves as nurses in a totally different way than at the start of that year. The changed way of talking about themselves indicates that they have recreated their identity from student nurses to nurses.


In this paper, experiments on preventing wrinkles by using concave rollers compared with cylindrical rollers are described. Wrinkle generation is examined using the following four test rollers: a cylindrical roller with a uniform axial diameter, a cylindrical roller with micro-grooves, a concave roller with a diameter that increases towards the two ends, and a concave roller with micro-grooves. Moreover, the relationship between the use of a concave roller and wrinkle generation is clarified by comparing all experimental results.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Introduction: Concurrent chemo-radiotherapy has been well known prophylactic methods to increase long-term survival rate for ALL patients. There are several case reports of brain tumor with a patient having complete remission of ALL history. Meningioma and sarcoma are possibly occurred in patients who got therapeutic irradiation, and it could be simply recurred lymphoma in the central nervous system. Radiation-induced glioblastoma multiforme have been reported very rarely. Materials and Methods: A 36-year old man with the complete remission of Acute Lymphoblastic Lymphoma(ALL) who have received chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and intrathecal methotrexate 25 years ago presented with decreased mentality and left hemiparesis grade 3 after a sudden generalized tonic-clonic seizure for about a minute. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed 5.5cm x 3.6cm heterogeneous enhancing mass with vaguely outlined infiltrative lesions in right frontal and parietal lobe and extension across the corpus callosum. Secondary to the mass effect, right ventricle is compressed and there is a shift towards left. Stereotactic brain biopsy was performed. Histopathology studies confirmed the diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme(GM). Results: From the histopathologic result, total resection of tumor is highly recommended, but patient's parents refuse to get surgical treatment. Alternatively we suggest non-invasive theraphy, concurrent chemo-radiotheraphy(CCRT). The patient underwent concurrent 100mg temozolomide for 42 days and 60 Gy of radiation. After 2 months of diagnosis, follow up MRI study showed tumor size reduction to 3.4cm x 2.8cm, and his mentality, left hemiparesis improved to alert, and grade 4. He will go through 3 more cylcles of temozolomide and follow up image studies will be performed. Conclusions: There are several case reports of GM occurrence after therapeutic irradiation or intrathecal injection of methotrexate in ALL patients, and we experienced patient who has same disease entity. Since there is years of latency period between GM development and complete remission of ALL, long term period of regular follow up is recommended for the complete remission of ALL patients in order to early detection of GM occurrence.


Human-swarm interaction seeks to significantly increase the number of robots, which also increases uncertainty. Most prior research ignores uncertainty. Sources of uncertainty based on biological swarms are presented.


The purpose of this research is to map passage of Garunggang cave so that can be made a recommendation for geotourism activity. This research used the descriptive method. The population of this research are all survey station in each cave system which amount 93 stastion covering 26 station in first cave system and 67 station in second cave system. This research held on 2 – 4 September 2016.
The research results show that there are two cave system is formed in the Garunggang Cave. Both of them including type of watery cave and the majority is the cave horizontal. First cave system have a distance about 95,12 meters with one entrance that's a Entrance 1 and four aven (a hole on the top of passage cave). First cave system divided into four subsystem with classification for subsystem 1 and subsystem 2 including semi – limited access and subsystem 3 and subsystem 4 including limited access. Subsystem 2 is the subsystem with most various ornament but subsystem 3 have not ornament. Second cave system have a distance about 353,65 meters. Second cave system have three entrance and one aven. Entrance 3 use for general tourist and Entrance 2 with Entrance 4 for special tourist. Second cave system divided into seven subsystem with subsystem 1 including limited access and for subsystem 2 until subsystem 7 including semi – limites access. Although subsystem 1 including limited access, but have most various ornament. Followed by subsystem 2, subsystem 5, subsystem 3, and subsystem 7. Subsystem 6 only have one type of ornament and subsystem 4 have not ornament.Based on the above condition, it can be made a recommendation cave tour track for general tourist, special tourist, and educational tourist.

Keyword: Maping of cave, cave geotourism, ornament of cave


Objective To assess the efficacy of the treatment of varicosity of great saphenous vein(GSV) using high ligation of GSV and point-form-stripping(PFS) with the aid of tourniquet. Methods High ligation of GSV combined with PFS with the assist of tourniquet and exsanguination was performed in 126 patients(156 affected limbs). Results The mean(range) operative duration of unilateral limb was 60±10(55-90) min;mean(range) blood loss was 10±3(5-15) mL,out-of-bed time was six hours postoperatively,varicose veins disappeared in all cases.Grade-A healing was obtained in class-1 incisions,in which,six limbs(3.8%) had a small amounts of hematopedesis the day of surgery;eight limbs(5.1%) experienced ecchymoma in medial part of the leg that were absorbed and softened in 3-6 months.Insensible feeling was noted in footwear site in 10(6.4%) limbs,which disappeared within six months.A follow-up was available in 110 cases(126 affected limbs),with follow-up rate being87.3%.The mean(range) follow-up was eight(3-15) months with a satisfied effectiveness. Conclusion The procedure of high ligation of GSV combined with PFS with the assist of tourniquet and exsanguination is simple,time-saving,less bleeding,easy to master and with an ideal curative effect.


Last Time: We defined discrete convolutions for signals defined on Z. Following a similar approach to that used for the continuous-time Fourier transform, we deduced that time-invariant maps on discrete signals are precisely the maps that can be expressed as convolutions by a fixed function. We also showed that complex exponentials with again diagonalize these operators. In turn, this motivated the definition of the Fourier series of a discrete signal, which is a periodic function. The natural question is, is every periodic function a Fourier series? For square-integrable functions on the circle S, the answer is yes. We showed that complex exponentials are a complete orthonormal set in this space, which immediately yields expressions for the inverse transform, as well as the Parseval-Plancherel theorem. Furthermore, we saw why Shannon's sampling theorem can be interpreted as a restatement of the completeness of this orthonormal sequence.


The invention relates to a process for preparing an endogenous protein or heterologous, by culturing a cell transformed or untransformed eucaryotic, using a SUSTRATO REPRESSOR as carbon source.


This paper presents a theory for spin pumping from finite-sized conductors at paramagnetic resonance. The spin generation and transport in the system exposed to a rotating magnetic field are analyzed by using the nonequilibrium Green's-function formalism, showing that a time-independent spin current is produced with no charge current when the electrochemical potentials in all leads attached to the system are identical. A physically transparent formulation for the spin pumping is derived in terms of the spin-current continuity equation with the source term due to the rotating field. The characteristics of spin-pumping systems are investigated by numerical calculation. In the ballistic transport regime, the pumped spin at resonance is augmented normally with the system size and the pumping intensity, insofar as the system contacts ideal leads that transport spin to the outside world and the pumping field is perturbatively weak. In the diffusive transport regime, the spin pumping is strongly enhanced with the degree of static disorder. The mechanism of enhancement is discussed in view of the weak localization.


This paper presents the model for an electromechanical variable capacitor designed as an MOS capacitor with a beam. It studies the influences of the beam on the electrical characteristics of the capacitor.


Objective To determine the relationship between expression of topoisomerase Ⅱ α and clinicopathological factors,overall survival in colorectal caner.Methods Expression of topoisomerase Ⅱ α was measured using EnVision immunohistochemistry in 490 colorectal cancer patients.The relationship between topoisomerase Ⅱ α expression and various clinicopathological parameters was analyzed.Kaplan-Meier analyses and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the significance of topoisomerase Ⅱ α expression in prognosis prediction.Results Overexpression of topoisomerase Ⅱ α was found to be related with lower T stage ( P =0.042 ),lower N stage ( P =0.038 ),and possibly with lower recurrence rate ( P =0.053 ).Kaplan- Meier analyses showed that overexpression of topoisomerase Ⅱ α was related with prolonged overall survival (P =0.022 ) and prolonged disease-free survival ( P =0.036).Multivariate analyses showed that elevated serum CEA ( P < 0.001 ),elevated serum CA199 ( P =0.002 ),poor differentiation ( P =0.001 ),advanced Dukes stage ( P < 0.001 ) and lower expression of topoisomerase Ⅱ α( P =0.017 ) were independent predictive factors for poor prognosis.Conclusions Expression of topoisomerase Ⅱ α is a favorable predictive factor for colorectal cancer,and would be useful in prognosis prediction and treatment selection for early colorectal cancer and malignant colorectal polyps,especially when it is used in combinations with serum CEA,CA199 and differentiation.

Key words:
DNA topoisomerases, type Ⅱ; Colonic neoplasms; Rectal neoplasms; Prognosis


The online ride-hailing service is a new travel mode based on mobile Internet and smartphones, which can provide passengers with the convenience of the last mile travel. Because the supply-demand relationship in different parts within the city is always changing, an accurate ride-hailing demand prediction can better help the platform to dispatch vehicles and match drivers with potential passengers, thus improving the efficiency of the whole urban traffic. In this paper, six machine learning methods are utilized and compared, for predicting the ride-hailing order number, including Linear Regression, Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, Support Vector Regression, XGBoost, and Multilayer Perceptron. The experimental results on a real-world dataset collected in Haikou, China by Didi Chuxing show that Random Forest is superior to other methods and achieves the smallest RMSE and MAE.


In this submission we describe a framework to simulate mask variability in the form of CD distributions, edge placement error distributions and edge roughness. The impact of each method on wafer variability is then simulated. The results show that assumptions of mask edge placement correlation affect the match of simulated wafer variability to experiment, and that simulated mask contributions to wafer variability are not negligible. The authors demonstrate that for a DRAM use case, wafer level variability increases with scaling, but can be reduced with mask and wafer process improvement. For a curvilinear use case it is demonstrated that the contribution of mask roughness to wafer level variation can be large compared to typical process specs.


The collapse of building has been an issue of great concern to all and sundry in Nigeria and yet these buildings are major contributors to the development of any nation. Therefore, when a building collapses, it fails to render the functions which it should perform to the people and the government. A building is regarded as collapsed if the whole structure or part thereof has fallen down and therefore cannot serve the purpose for which it was intended. When building collapses, it generates deep emotional reactions from every segment of the population constituting great losses to the country in terms of physical, human and material resources. Therefore, the aim of this research is to assess the opinion of construction professionals who are perceived as critical stakeholders on the causes as well as to proffer remedies to curb the menace. The case study is Owerri municipal council, Imo State, Nigeria. A well-structured four-point Scale questionnaire was drawn and administered to 250 selected sampled respondents to elicit data. Out of that the 250 respondents, 193 representing 77% valid respondents were retrieved and utilized in the study analysis. The analysis revealed that all critical construction stakeholders were implicated as contributors towards the incidences of building collapse. The study recommends among others that, Government, professionals' as well as other critical stakeholders should adhere strictly to their statutory roles in order to curb the menace of building collapse in Nigeria.


Bottle-necks in the transmission network are strongly influencing the net reliability and the cost for transmission. Reliability is reduced because of the more likeliness of shut downs of overloaded transmission lines. Higher cost are coming from the high loaded overhead lines where thermal limit temperatures of 80degC or 90degC or even more can be reached. This thermal transmission losses are increasing the transmission cost significantly. Bottle-necks are also a consequence of increasing power transmission and the too slow upgrade of the transmission network. In some cases the load can reach values which are at the limits of transmission capability of overhead lines, which is at rated currents of about 3000 A. To improve the bottle-neck situation in a transmission network some technical solutions are available like new or upgraded overhead lines, power flow control (FACTS), power factor compensation, additional underground transmission systems (cables and GIL)


Students of religious studies use tools similar to those in other fields, including history, sociology, psychology, philosophy, anthropology, and theology. They develop strong analytical skills and are encouraged to think originally, as well as to empathize with people with a wide range of lived experience. Religious studies draws upon methods from both the humanities and social sciences in exploring the complex phenomenon of religion-its history, arts, ideas, distinctive social institutions and the state of mind to which it can give rise to include: Archaeology, comparative method, history, linguistics studies, psychology and sociology are all employed within religious studies, therefore, religious studies is not founded upon the use of one characteristic method or approach of inquiring but uses a range of different methods to explore a particular area of interest, namely religion. Theological approach looks into the religion scientifically and seeks it application to understand what it means to the believer an adherent within its own terms and how that system works as a rational worldview to those within it. In religious studies, these subjective influences may be in the background of your work, but the emphasis and end result are more analytical and objective. Scholars compare various religious practices and identities, consider their historical significance, and aim to understand beliefs in relation to each other. In religious studies, the bases of inquiry are to examine these differences without showing preference to one particular belief system.


Objective To study the change visual field of red,green and blue targets in traumatic macular edema.To discuss clinical significance of Three colors as the subject of vision in the diagnosis of traumatic macular edema.Method The clinical data of 60 patients( 120 eyes) with traumatic macular edema was diagnosed by checking fundus of eye,the patients were divided into two groups,they all took the visual field by red green blue targets,to compare the results of the field inspection and correlation analysis.Results The vision of traumatic eye significantly decrease,mean vision was 0.48 ± 0.26,the other eye was 0.89 ± 0.31,the mean best vision was 0.59 ± 0.22,the other eye was 1.10 ± 0.15,the mean sensitivity of traumatic eyes decrease obviously.mean sensitivity of red test-object was 24.43 ± 5.61,the green was 19.92 ± 5.51,the blue was 20.51 ± 5.47.Conclusion The vision and best vision and the mean sensitivity are decreased.The mean sensitivity of green and blue test-object were decrease obviously.There is difference between the mean sensitivity of red-green and red-blue test-object.


Objectives:  We set out to determine the psychometric validation of a disease‐specific health related quality of life instrument for use in chronic rhinosinusitis, the 22 item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), a modification of a pre‐existing instrument, the SNOT‐20.


This paper describes our solution of the Relevance Prediction Challenge. Our team ranked second in the contest. The goal of the contest is to predict relevance of URLs for search queries using search log. First we present the features we used. Our features are based on dierent assumptions about the properties of the dataset. Then we describe our machine learning technique. We trained multiple random forests on samples generated using the pair-wise approach. The resulting solution is a linear blend of the response vectors of the forests. The solution shows good performance and is likely not overt.


Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and in particular Large Eddy Simulations (LES) have been proposed as a way to predict the highly transient lean blow-out process characteristic of modern augmentors. Quantitative predictions of the lean blow-out event strongly relies on the ability to accurately model the kinetics of the flame stabilized in the wake of the flameholder. In this paper, the effect of grid size on lean blow-out predictions is investigated. It is shown that the lack of resolution of the flame leads to enhanced reaction rate and flame speed, and therefore under-estimation of the equivalence ratio at blow-out. An approach relying on grid-dependent combustion kinetics is proposed to improve predictions


With the introduction and acceptance of postcolonial theory in China in the 1990s, Chinese readers began to reread the western literary classics, mainly English classic works, from a postcolonial criticism perspective. This thesis attempts to have a brief review as well as a prospect for its future.


ABSTRACT This study explores the relationships of perception toward protests and perceived constraints with the theory of planned behaviour constructs in the context of the ongoing Hong Kong protests. The study samples are overseas Korean travellers who plan to visit Hong Kong. Results reveal that perception positively influences attitude and subjective norm. Perceived constraints have significant effects on attitude and behavioural intention not to travel to Hong Kong during the protests. Attitude positively influences behavioural intention, whereas subjective norm and perceived behavioural control show insignificant relationships. The mediating effects of perception and perceived constraints on behavioural intention are also confirmed. The findings reveal that perception and perceived constraints associated with Hong Kong protest will dominate the decision-making process of the travellers, after introspecting their safety and security.


Coastal erosion threatens to damage nearly 87,000 homes along the shoreline of the United States in the next 60 years, according to a report released in 2000 by FEMA. Population growth, rising sea levels, hurricanes, dams (that block the resupply of sand to beaches) and severe storms associated with El Nino events are escalating concerns that damage from shoreline erosion could cost hundreds of millions in coming decades. In California, these concerns are intensified by demo-graphics and geography: about 80 percent of the state's 34 million residents live within 50 kilometers of the ocean and about 86 percent of the state's shoreline is classified as actively eroding. Coastal bluff erosion is of particular concern in counties such as San Diego and Santa Cruz, where homes have been built on landslide-prone bluffs and where heavy surf scours the shore.


Burkholderia glumae are bacteria that can cause rot in the seedlings. This disease is carried by the seeds and causes an emptiness in the grain of the rice. This article is written to study the effectiveness of biological agents in the form of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) in inhibiting B.glumae. The compilation of this narrative review is based on several databases, both national and international literature, with combination of the keywords Burkholderia glumae, Isolation × Burkholderia glumae, Control × Burkholderia glumae. Based on the results obtained, the characteristics of Burkholderia glumae are Gram negative bacteria, which aerobic and motile using 2-4 flagella. sequestration by siderophore, so it can stimulate and increase the plant resistance. These bacteria include Enterobacteria sp. , and Streptomyces sp.


In this paper, a robust, iterative algorithm is presented for computing Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) points of nonlinear programs. This algorithm is a variation of the NE/SQP method for solving the nonlinear complementarily problem; it makes use of a merit function that combines the original objective function of the nonlinear program with a residual function of the KKT conditions formulated as a system of nonsmooth equations. Global convergence and a Q-quadratic rate of convergence of the algorithm are established under some standard constraint qualifications in nonlinear programming theory, but without the strict complementarily condition. Parallel implementations of the algorithm are discussed.


Due to the limited dynamic range of magnetic tape recorders, the recording of signals with large peak excursions compared to the average energy requires a choice between over‐driving the recorder, or accepting a low signal‐to‐noise ratio. It is demonstrated that a simple and inexpensive limiter circuit can be successfully used to circumvent this problem. Pseudodata produced in the laboratory were recorded via such a circuit and the performance of the system was evaluated by comparing the calculated probability densities, third‐ and fourth‐order moments, and spectra, of the original and recorded signals.


Previous measurements of the rotation rate of the supergranule Doppler velocity pattern revealed surprising characteristics: (1) the pattern rotates faster than the plasma at the surface, and, at each latitude, it rotates faster than the plasma at any level below the surface (superrotation), (2) larger cells rotate more rapidly than smaller cells, and (3) faster rotation rates are found when using cross-correlation techniques with larger time lags between Doppler images. We simulate the supergranulation velocity pattern using a spectrum for the cellular flows that matches the observed spectrum, but we keep the pattern unchanged and rotating rigidly. Our simulation shows that the superrotation and its dependence on cell size can be largely reproduced by projection effects on the line-of-sight Doppler velocity signal. The remaining variation in rotation rate with cell size can be attributed to cells smaller than supergranules extending through shallower layers that have slower rotation rates.


The city's transport and logistics system is the foundation of any regional economic system, the result, and a necessary structural component of transformations. It becomes an integral part of the strategic vision, including in the socio-spatial organization, an essential direction of modern development, and today it is experiencing some difficulties. A significant increase in the world dynamism and regional processes, the complication of the socio-economic, cultural, and epidemic situation in the future will lead to inefficiency in the functioning of cities' transport and logistics systems. At the same time, the state of the national and regional logistics system, as well as adverse external effects caused by the fact of active consumption of the city territory, industrial enterprises, and the population, have increasing influence, among them, there are aggravating environmental problems, the lack, and inefficiency of the appropriate infrastructure, congestion of the transport network and increased costs. Currently, the problem of managing these systems comes down to building intelligent transport systems in cooperation with logistics, which represent a common ideology for integrating telematics into all areas of transport and logistics activities to solve problems of an economic and social nature, and are designed to control three main areas such as security, mobility, and environment. Their development will lead to the development of the transport and logistics system called Smart City.


A time-sharing terminal for use by blind people was constructed; it uses the OPTACON optical-to-tactile converter developed by Telesensory Systems Inc. This terminal emulates a standard CRT terminal and presents the output data on the OPTACON's array.


The present research is based on the thermal and flow properties of the viscoelastic Oldroyd 8 constant fluid in an upright microchannel. The energy and momentum equations were solved with the support of temperature Jump and velocity slip boundary conditions. To measure the irreversibility rate of the flow system, the acquired results of velocity and thermal equations were used. To crack the current mathematical model problem, the numerical Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg method was used. With the aid of graphs, the effect of physical parameters such as thermal radiation, thermal‐dependent heat source, Joule heating, fluid parameters, velocity slip, and temperature Jump parameters on the fluid flow, thermal energy, and system entropy generation was discussed. Fluid parameters have different effects on the velocity profile. The Grashof and Hartmann numbers demonstrate opposite effects on the momentum field. The thermal energy of the system reduces with thermal radiation and temperature Jump factor. The thermal radiation, Hartmann number, and temperature Jump parameters reduce the system's irreversibility rate. With the Brinkman number and temperature Jump parameter, the irreversibility ratio increases.


Abstract Crenshaw's concept of intersectionality has been used to include different dimensions of difference and exclusion. We suggest here, however, that intersectional analyses may paradoxically further exclude discussions of the impact of disability in interaction with other factors. We outline three ways in which intersectionality may be incorrectly used. First, there is selective intersectionality where only certain forms of exclusion are considered. Second is subtractive intersectionality in which the experience of privilege may be seen as removing the lived reality of disability exclusion. Finally, we discuss last instance intersectionality in which one particular historical experience of oppression may be seen to cancel out other ongoing forms of exclusion. All these types of misuse of intersectionality may contribute to disability exclusion. Disability theorists should use concepts of intersectionality carefully and with caution.


constructive developmental theory; subject-object theory; developmental action inquiry; adaptive leadership theory; post-conventional leadership; higher education leadership; Robert Kegan; William Torbert; Ronald Heifetz; multiple-case study; post-positivist methods; ethnographic methods; multi-modal methods; haiku; dialectical thinking; paradoxical thinking; integrative awareness; double-loop learning; individualist action-logic; redefining action-logic; self-transforming leader; generative learning within ambiguity; logics of coherence; identity fractures; part-whole tensions; critical ambiguities; situationally-mediating logic of coherence; educative strategy


Operational scheduling of manufacturing industry is of paramount importance for cost-effective and competitive operation for survival in the market. The operational scheduling encompasses a wide range of scheduling models and many attempts have been made to solve them using analytical, heuristic and artificial intelligence based approaches but no robust solution is yet available to tackle the diverse range of scheduling models. Recent trend shows that Genetic Algorithm (GA)-based solutions are popular because of their suitability to the combinatorial nature of the scheduling problem. In this paper, a GA-based scheduling system is presented where a novel combination of recently introduced crossover scheme for job based chromosome representation with Stochastic Universal Selection (SUS), simple mutation of exchange of genes and a heuristic for evaluation of chromosomes is proposed which is easy to code and robust enough to deal with flow shop as well as job shop scheduling problem. The system is validated through case studies from real world scheduling problems.


The simplified analytical approach of water-cooling in the cylindrical thermal storage tank of various volumes is carried out. The influence of the water quantity in tank or its volume, quality of isolation and ambient air temperature is evaluated for the water-cooling dynamics. Relations for the determination of the water temperature, relative amount of heat and isolation effectiveness upon the time are given. The results of water-cooling dynamics are presented graphically. The obtained results allow the effect of isolation quality to water-cooling dynamics and the thickness of tank isolation to determine more easily.


The Suha River basin is the right tributary of the Moldova River and occupies a mountain area and high and small depressions (such as: Gemenea, Negrileasa, Stulpicani – Frasin), which favored the increasing concentration of the population in this area. Because of the increased basin population, issues related to the formation and evolution of flow regime in the Suha River basin are particularly important. The years 1975, 1981, 1984, 1991, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 have registered significant flood insurance rates (20%, 10%, 5% and 2%) being generated by rainfall with torential character and very high intensities. For a better management of the emergency situations arising from the rapid increase of the water level, in this paper we analyze a new method proposed by Smith (2003), in order to realistically assess the potential index of flood transmission.Based on data obtained from the hydroclimatic network of hydrometrical stations in the basin (Gemenea 1, Gemenea 2, Slatioara 3, Stulpicani and Valea lui Ion), we intend to estimate the potential index of flood transmission identifying areas of vulnerability to floods in the Suha River basin. The estimation of the index is based on the analysis of the following physical-geographical factors: precipitation, soil texture, slope and land use. The index values will be obtained by processing the data, which results from the analysis of spatial distribution of the factors taken into account, in GIS software. By generating the map on the estimation methods of the distribution of the index of potential flood resulted as Suha basin presents a medium risk of flood production on 75% of its surface. The importance of the index of potential flood production lies in the fact that such a method allows the identification of critical areas with high drainage potential and areas which favor the evolution of floods.


At its core, this short book by Professor Dean Shepherd has a simple message: If you want to publish well (i.e. in quality journals), you need to 'work very hard' (p. 1). Chapter 1 of the book notes that Shepherd's doctorate training was not at a research powerhouse (he did his PhD at Bond University in Australia) and his 'dissertation committee did not include highly published scholars' who could help him much in crafting his papers for publication. Because Shepherd did not have the opportunity to vicariously learn from his advisors the art of writing a research paper and guiding it through the revise and resubmit process, he knew he had to take active steps to learn how to publish in leading journals. As Professor Shepherd observes in Chapter 1,


Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited inborn error of phenylalanine (PHE) metabolism caused by deficiency of the hepatic enzyme, phenylalanine hydroxyls (PAH). Therefore PHE accumulates in plasma l...


Honggumycin is a kind of new antibiotic.Using Staphalococcus aureus as the experimental bacterial,the antibacterial mechanism of Honggumycin was investigated.The experimental bacterial was treated with Honggumycin at the concentration of EC50 and EC90,with no Honggumycin as blank control.And the EPS,plasmalemma transparence,and biomolecular(DNA,RNA,and protein) were determined.The results showed that the antibacterial activity of Honggumycin to S.aureus was presented in inhibiting the synthesis of nuclei acid.The synthesis of protein and other biomolecular were restrained due to the inhibition of nuclei acid synthesis,and the plasmalemma permeability was changed.Electron microscope photograph showed the protoplast of S.aureus had become thin after treating with Honggumycin.


The author analyses present condition of ideological and political work of college teachers, and puts forward some important measures to strengthen and improve ideological and political work.


Many Greek kindergarten teachers and supervisors involve innovative practices during their school lessons and educational career, supported by ICT tools. The aim of this paper is to investigate the key factors that influence the integration and application of these innovative practices in the educational and training school processes, supported by ICT tools and technological methods.
The most crucial factor for the promotion and implementation of innovative practices is the educational leadership of each school unit. At the same time, the Greek state and the European Union corporate with each other in order to offer innovative programs and new technology tools for the Greek kindergarten units. Innovation is not an individual accomplishment, while new technology can lead to an educational change. Key factors that lead to educational change is also teachers" training, their positive attitude towards change and collaboration between the educational executives.
The following is a qualitative research that focuses on the understanding and the recording of teachers and supervisors" opinions and experiences about innovation and ICTs in education. The data are gathered through interviews that follow a basic structure of questions and permit the sample to speak in a more open way. The sample is composed of fourteen kindergarten teachers nationwide – particularly from the districts of Thessaloniki, Pella, Chania and Larissa – who are now or have been in the past supervisors.
In conclusion, modern Greek educational executives consider very valuable the seminars about ICT tools and innovative practices, since as they say, they support their ideas and projects and help them to create creative and innovative lessons. Nevertheless, Greek kindergartens lack of sufficient technology tools and computers quite much, while teachers themselves must search for their personal technological and pedagogical new knowledge through seminars and new degrees, without the ultimate help of the state.


For several decades scientific discussions have been raging as to the age of the universe. The red shift which is observed in the spectra of distant nebulae and whose magnitude increases approximately linearly with the distance has been interpreted by many as a Doppler shift caused by a real expansion of the universe. According to this view the expansion started about three billion years ago and the universe at that time was very much smaller than it is at the present. Strictly speaking this means that the distances between the earth and the distant galaxies are increasing if measured, say, in terms of Bohr's atomic length h2/me2, where m and e are the mass and charge of the electron, while h is Planck's constant.


Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of lobar pneumonia caused by mycoplasma pneumonia( MP), and diagnose lobar pneumonia in the early stage to prevent complications. Methods The clinical data of 105 cases with mycoplasma pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed. The observation group included 53 cases of lobar pneumonia with mycoplasma pneumonia infections; the control group included 52 cases of bronchopneumonia. The age of onset,pulmonary complications,and treatment time were analyzed and compared. Results The age of onset in observation group is 5-12 years old. The number of the observation group patients with pleural effusion,atelectasis,psychiatric symptoms,liver injury,myocardial damage,gastrointestinal symptoms and rash and other complications was higher than that of the control group. The time of hospitalization and course of fever in the observation group were longer than that in the control group. The absorption rate of Chest X-ray in the observation group was slower than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant( P 0. 05). Conclusion Children suffering from MP-lobar pneumonia are older than those with the general mycoplasma pneumonia and easily combined with pulmonary complications. The course of treatment lasts longer and the X-ray absorption is slower. In order to reduce the incidence of pulmonary complications,early diagnosis and active treatment are necessary.


The Diels–Alder reaction between methyl α-cyanocinnamate and cyclopentadiene, as a key step in the synthesis of 2-amino-3-phenylnorbornane-2-carboxylic acids, is studied. The cycloadducts can be easily separated and converted into the amino acids through simple reactions.


Summary Objective: To evaluate quality of life related to health in patients with psoriasis, through the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Methods: A systematic review about quality of life related to health in patients with psoriasis and has been used the DLQI. Search included studies published between 1994 and 2012. Studies that evaluated quality of life related to drug treatments were excluded. Results: Eight studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. There was a loss of quality of life in patients with psoriasis. DLQI was reported in two studies with 6.4 and 10.8 averages; disease length ranged between 17.6 and 28.9 years. Conclusion: Psoriasis affects quality of life of patients with the disease, from mild to moderate forms, and this deterioration is greater than those found in patients with acne or vitiligo.


This paper introduces a procedural model for the configuration of modular content. The model helps to decrease the amount of effort necessary to generate individual documents for learning and application. It provides precise instructions and a standardised procedure for implementing user requirements as well as situation-specific document requirements. By considering a set of scenario-specific design recommendations, the described procedure enables the author to generate individual documents, even when he is not familiar with the underlying cognitive conditions. Finally, the configuration model and the modularisation approach are key prerequisites to generating user-specific documents within a reasonable amount of effort.


Biological treatment technology in terms of anaerobic and aerobic for landfill leachates is reviewed with reference to two municipal solid waste landfills in north and south China respectively.


This paper presents a method based on improved Cross Stage Partial (CSP) network. Firstly, the original backbone network Resnet50 of CSP is replaced by Resnet101, which better extracts features and solve the problem of pedestrian detection with occlusion. Secondly, a channel-based and compressed attention mechanism is introduced to obtain higher training speed and detection speed. Finally, the non-maximum suppression algorithm is used to form the candidate frames and retrain difficult samples. The experimental results show that the proposed approach achieves better results on the Cityperson dataset and improves the performance of pedestrian detection in complex scenes.


Religion is a means for humans to connect with God, this relationship is full of mysticism, both introversive mysticism and extraversive mysticism. The Panugrahan Dalem text is one of the literary texts that contains the teachings of extraversive mysticism, namely the teachings of mysticism "outside" from within which refers to the forces of the universe and so on. The method used in this study uses a qualitative method with a literature study. The implementation of extraversive mysticism in the Panugrahan Dalem text lies in the worship of Sang Hyang Pancamahabhuta which consists of Yeh Nyom or Sang Bhuta Agasati, Getih or Sang Bhuta Mrajapati, placenta or Sang Bhuta Banaspati and Lamad or Vernix Caseosa or Sang Bhuta Banaspatiraja which is related to Kanda Pat teachings through chanting of mantras, the use of both the Wianjana script and the Modre script as well as the use and giving of offerings that function to increase magic and kawisesan. There is also the concept of mantras and scripts that are present as a means for treatment or Usada as the implementation of the Extraversive mysticism teachings.


Contents: This book is an historical-sociological study of the Japanese religio-cultural tradition in terms of its impact on the past and present position of Japanese women in five sectors of Japanese society.


As groundwater depletion becomes a global phenomenon, inland lake ecosystems are being impacted by decreasing groundwater supply. While the current trend of rapid surface warming of inland lakes continues, the deep waters can resist changes, depending on the nature of surface water — groundwater interactions. However, the effects of these interactions on lake processes are not fully understood. Here we investigate the role of groundwater on coupled biophysical processes in a deep, dimictic, groundwater‐fed lake using mechanistic models combined with data from field observations. Although excess nutrient inputs are the most commonly cited reason for algal blooms, here we show that algal blooms in inland lakes can also appear due to a decreasing groundwater supply while all other factors remain the same. Results indicate that decreasing groundwater supply to lakes leads to elevated hypolimnetic temperatures, enhanced algal growth rates and algal blooms, and oxygen depletion, thus exacerbating the negative effects of surface warming. Our work suggests that globally declining groundwater supplies may have a significant negative effect on water quality of inland lakes by accelerating water column warming and stimulating algal growth, especially when the groundwater contribution to the lake system is significant compared to riverine discharge. The work provides insights for management efforts to improve the resilience of groundwater‐dependent ecosystems in the face of external stressors.


"The nose of the mob is its imagination. By this, at any time, it may be quietly led." Marginalia. 1. He is with us still, deathless and ageless, defiantly himself, a "wilder'd thing," he said, whose "spirit spurn'd repose." His muted avatar is seen on the streets of Berkeley or Chapel Hill or Madison in Wisconsin. There walks young Edgar Allan Poe, his moustache depressed, his slender shoulders slooped contemptuously into army surplus garments. He communicates only with those who share his vision of a world unlike the world he has inherited. To those separated from him by gaps of age or understanding, he is likely to be disrespectful, sometimes viciously condescending. He can be tempted in exasperation to con them into believing that he is something that he is not, or to prove their gullibility by extravagant hoax: the "psychology of the pretender," Edmund Wilson has told us, "is always a factor to be reckoned with in Poe." An isolatoe, Melville could have called him, or a confidence man. Later, he might have preened as a sad young member of a lost generation or, still later, as the outsider, a hustler, beatifically beat. Whether cop-out or drop-out, or simply a Bartleby who prefers not to participate in irrelevancies, his voice continues to remind us of what might otherwise be forgotten. To dismiss it as a voice to which only "unripe boys and unsound men" respond is to submerge even tranquil recollection that surly and visionary revolt is among the more pleasing possibilities, as much of adolescence as of democracy. His "haunted Palace" may still be our own. 2. When Edgar Allan Poe in his late teens became a college drop-out, he was certain that, given the right kind of chance, he could fashion a better world than adults had made. And he was probably correct, except that the chance never came or, if it did, he was unable to recognize it. Through much of his life he remained a joyless adolescent, soiled by dark imaginings, dissipation, and depression, in revolt against restraint. There was a gap indeed between his view and that of his practical Scotch foster-father who must have had reason to doubt whether the boy's talents would ever overcome his deficiencies. After unhappy, improvident, and perhaps dissolute months at the University, young Poe shook himself loose from the brief security which Richmond and Charlottesville had provided, and beat his way to Boston, where he had been born, and where a boy might think his roots could be found and cultivated. There he gathered the poems which he had been writing since he was fourteen into Tamerlane and Other Poems, identified, not as by a runaway Virginian, but proudly, perhaps petulantly, even defiantly, as by a Bostonian. They spoke of young love wounded by reality, of madness and death, and the impossibility of finding "words, alas! to tell / The loveliness of loving well." Perhaps he meant something of apology, or assurance, to his foster-father who had failed to understand him when he chose as motto for the titlepage a couplet from Cowper: Young heads are giddy, and young hearts are warm, And make mistakes for manhood to reform. Giddy or not, he convinced himself that through imagination even lonely misfortune might be transformed. Shelley had certified the poet as of godlike power and, though unacknowledged, the true legislator of the universe. Poe's visionary world was "an heirdom of a kingly mind," a hallowed place of mystery, enchantment, and terror. Amid lone lakes fringed darkly with trees, and mountain peaks on which his "spirit with the tempest strove," demon voices haunted hope-filled dreams which came to the poet as he conversed with shrouded spectres or looked with wonder at the glory of a distant star. His young voice spoke of misery and of misunderstanding, much in the tone of other young voices, before or since: From childhood hours I have not been As others were--I have not seen As others see--I could not bring My passion from a common spring, From the same source I have not taken My sorrow; I could not awaken My heart to joy at the same tone; And all I lov'd, I lov'd alone. …


This paper presents details of the numerical modelling of a novel vertical axis tidal turbine that incorporates localised flow acceleration and variable-pitch blades. The focus of this research is to develop a computational fluid dynamics model of a 1:20 scale model of the device using ANSYS® Fluent®. A nested sliding mesh technique has been developed, with an outer sliding mesh being used to model the turbine and additional inner sliding meshes being used for each of the six blades. The turbine sliding mesh is embedded in an outer static domain which includes the flow accelerating bluff body. The variable pitch of the blades is specified in the model using a user-defined function (UDF) which faithfully reproduces the blade pitch during operation of the 1:20 scale model. Modelled power performance and velocity data are compared with experimental results obtained from scale model tests in a recirculating flume. The modelled power curves show good agreement with the measured data; the difference in maximum CP, for example, is just 5.7 %. The model also accurately reproduces measured flows downstream of the turbine. The high model accuracy means that it can now be used for design optimisation studies.


This article has analyzed systematically the irrigation area different form to provide materials the water percolation,the silt stopping up the situation and provides materials the water permeability to underground pipe draining water outside with to guard against the effect which the silt stops up to carry on the quality synthetic evaluation.It proposed the irrigation area specific natural condition the underground pipe draining water being suitable water percolation,guaranteeing the earth,guarding against outside which the silt stops up to provide materials the form In investigation on materials wraped outside the application effect on-the-spot investigation to the Ningxia Yellow river irrigated area underground pipe dewatering excavation construction key material foundation.This article provides the technical basis for outside the underground pipe dewatering excavation materials wraped outside in the Ningxia irrigation area of Yellow River.


Decreased ability in oxygen delivery and diffusion of the blood vessels and increased oxygen consumption in the rapidly proliferating cancer cells both contribute to reduced oxygen availability in the solid tumors, a major signature of the tumor microenvironment [1]. The oxygen concentration is dynamically changed within the tumor, and thus tumor cells are frequently subjected to acute or chronic hypoxia. Tumor cells exposed to chronic hypoxia are highly malignant and resistant to radiation therapy and chemotherapy [1]. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) and HIF-2 are two master regulators in response to low oxygen and mediate tumor progression by regulating the transcription of target genes [2]. HIF-mediated cellular processes are distinct under conditions of acute and chronic hypoxia, which may have great impact on therapeutic consequences. In this editorial, we will discuss the negative HIF regulators that differentially control HIF transcriptional activity under conditions of acute and chronic hypoxia.

HIF is a heterodimeric transcription factor, consisting of an oxygen-regulated α subunit and a constitutively expressed β subunit. The regulation of HIF-α protein levels is a critical determinant of HIF-mediated gene transcription. Our previous study showed that chronic hypoxia causes the selective decay of HIF-1α at least in part by HSP70- and CHIP-dependent ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation [3]. The levels of HIF-1α mRNA are also suppressed by repressor element 1-silencing transcription factor (REST) [4], miR-155 [5], or tristetraprolin [6] under conditions of chronic hypoxia. Apart from decreased mRNA and protein stability, we recently found that HIF transcriptional activity is directly inhibited by peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) and PRDX4 under conditions of chronic hypoxia [7]. PRDX2 mRNA and protein levels are elevated in HeLa cells exposed to chronic hypoxia in a HIF-1- and HIF-2-dependent manner [7]. Chronic hypoxia also increases the nuclear translocation of PRDX2 and PRDX4 in HeLa cells [7]. The nuclear PRDX2 or PRDX4 physically binds to the inhibitory domain of HIF-1α and HIF-2α, and directly inhibits the transcriptional activity of HIF-1 and HIF-2 in multiple cell lines, including human cervical carcinoma HeLa, human embryonic kidney HEK293T, and mouse embryo fibroblasts [7]. The antioxidant activity of PRDX2 and PRDX4 are dispensable for HIF suppression [7].

Moreover, we further found that double knockdown of PRDX2 and PRDX4 selectively increases expression of a subset of HIF target genes, including SLC2A3, GPI, PDK3, HGF, in HeLa cells exposed to chronic hypoxia (1% O2 for 72 hr) [7]. However, PRDX2 and PRDX4 fail to affect the mRNA levels of these genes under conditions of acute hypoxia (1% O2 for 24 hr) [7]. Mechanistically, PRDX2 and PRDX4 selectively impair HIF-1 and HIF-2 binding to the hypoxia response element of a subset of HIF target genes, thereby inhibiting gene expression in cells under conditions of chronic hypoxia [7]. Future studies are required to determine whether PRDX2 and PRDX4 are involved in recruitment of the HIF corepressor complex to the HIF target genes. Nevertheless, our findings indicate that PRDX2 and PRDX4 represent a novel feedback mechanism for inhibition of HIF transcriptional activity under conditions of chronic hypoxia.

HIFs have been the attractive targets for cancer therapy. Identification of the specific HIF regulators under conditions of acute and chronic hypoxia may yield the new therapeutic strategies. Indeed, high levels of PRDX2 and PRDX4 are significantly correlated with increased survival of patients with bladder cancer (our unpublished data), suggesting that PRDX2 and PRDX4 may be the new therapeutic targets for treatment of cancer.


The financial management is based on the corporate governance.But it is the Chinese Scholars who realized it before.By now,they have set up a mature theoretical frame in the financial management,that is,the distribution of the purse strings is the core of countervail mechanism.But the problem is that there are still some areas that we cannot understand in financial management.The author thinks that we should understand the problems correctly, and otherwise,there will be bad effects on Chinese enterprises,especially state-owned holding enterprises.What's more,it might guide the reform of Chinese state-owned enterprises in the wrong direction.


About 10% of the adult population is diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its presence is associated with a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases including ventricular fibrillation (VF). The long-term monitoring of patients has found a clear association between the degree of renal failure and risk of VF development. ARIC (1) study showed that a relative risk of VF development in patients with glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 15-29 ml/min was 3.2 (95% CI 2.0-5.0), and in patients with normal GFR 1.3 (95% CI 1.1-1.6), p < 0.0001. GFR reduction is an independent predictor of VF development. The mechanism underlying the link between renal failure and risk of VF development is not fully clear.


This paper discusses a research project undertaken to examine teachers' perceptions of creative writing in the senior English curriculum. It was a case study undertaken in a state high school in Melbourne under the Victorian Certificate of Education (VCE). The project investigated the challenges facing English teachers as they prepare students to write creatively in VCE, the impact of high-stakes testing on creative writing, and the impact of teachers' epistemological beliefs about writing on their teaching of creative writing. One key finding was the way in which distinctions are made between writing taught at the senior levels and conceptions of creative writing in the junior years of high school. The study also revealed the paradox that teachers find it difficult to facilitate good writing development within high-stakes assessment environments.


Several major hypotheses have been proposed to explain and predict the effect of migration on fertility. This article conducts a highly disaggregated analysis of migrant and stayer fertility, using Brazilian data for 1976, to ascertain the extent to which the observed patterns of fertility variations are compatible with one or another hypothesis. The study controls for origin, destination, and recency of migration, as well as for age, education, and marital status of migrants and stayers. The regional breakdown consists of a cross-classification of rural/urban status with modern/traditional categories based on the level of economic development of the region.


The anomalies of the temperature dependences of the logarithmic decrement and eigen frequency of the free damped vibrations for Fe-Co-Ni-Ti shape memory alloys were first found in the vicinity of the reverse α-γ martensitic transformation. It was shown the damping capacity in the alloys investigated is comparable with that for TiNi based alloys.


Background: There has been little formal analysis of laboratory systems in resource-limited settings, despite widespread consensus around the importance of a strong laboratory infrastructure. Objectives: This study details the informational challenges faced by the laboratory at Kamuzu Central Hospital, a tertiary health facility in Malawi; and proposes ways in which informatics can bolster the efficiency and role of low-resource laboratory systems. Methods: We evaluated previously-collected data on three different aspects of laboratory use. A four-week quality audit of laboratory test orders quantified challenges associated with collecting viable specimens for testing. Data on tests run by the laboratory over a one yearperiod described the magnitude of the demand for laboratory services. Descriptive information about the laboratory workflow identified informational process breakdowns in the pre-analytical and post-analytical phases and was paired with a 24-hour sample of laboratory data on results reporting. Results: The laboratory conducted 242 242 tests over a 12-month period. The four-week quality audit identified 54% of samples as untestable. Prohibitive paperwork errors were identified in 16% of samples. Laboratory service workflows indicated a potential process breakdown in sample transport and results reporting resulting from the lack of assignment of these tasks to any specific employee cadre. The study of result reporting time showed a mean of almost six hours, with significant variation. Conclusions: This analysis identified challenges in each phase of laboratory testing. Informatics could improve the management of this information by streamlining test ordering and the communication of test orders to the laboratory and results back to the ordering physician.


Two novel fluorescent probes L1 and L2 for recognizing Al3+ have been prepared by cooperating salicylaldehyde‐derived Schiff base groups onto the upper rim of the calix[4]arene. Of these probes, L2 is the most effective at recognizing Al3+, displaying a highly selective fluorescence "on" response with an emission wavelength at 478 nm and a Stokes shift of 88 nm. Additionally, probe L2 can form a 1:1 coordination complex with Al3+ with a binding constant of 2.6×1010 M‐1. Furthermore, its fluorescence intensity exhibits a good linear relationship with Al3+ concentration within the range of 2.0×10‐5 M to 1.4×10‐4 M, and the probe has a low detection limit of 4.36×10‐7 M.


Regression models with compositional response have been studied from the beginning of the log-ratio approach for analysing compositional data. These early approaches suggested the statistical hypothesis of logistic-normality of the compositional residuals to test the model and its coefficients. Also, the Dirichlet distribution has been proposed as an alternative model for compositional residuals, but it leads to restrictive and not easy-to-use regressions. Recent advances on the Euclidean geometry of the simplex and on the logistic-normal distribution allow re-formulating simplicial regression with logistic-normal residuals. Estimation of the model is presented as a least-squares problem in the simplex and is formulated in terms of orthonormal coordinates. This estimation decomposes into simple linear regression models which can be assessed independently. Marginal normality of the coordinate-residuals suffices to check influence of covariables using standard regression tests. Examples illustrate the proposed procedures.


Currently, most multiple myeloma (MM) patients experience relapse and develop resistance to standard treatments. A recent study showed that patients who relapsed had poor outcomes, with an overall survival of only 6 months and an event-free survival of 1 month. The PI3K/mTOR/AKT pathway represents a critical target in MM because it stimulates proliferation, survival, and drug resistance of MM cells. VS-5584 is a novel agent, with specific and equipotent activity against mTOR and all 4 Class I PI3K isoforms, without relevant activity on 400 other lipid and protein kinases. Here we report that VS-5584 is highly efficacious against a wide panel of MM cells including Velcade- and Doxorubucin- resistant cell lines. This efficacy is maintained even in the presence of additional MM growth factors, IL-6 and IGF-1, and seems independent of PTEN status in the cell lines. Importantly, VS-5584 shows similar efficacy in patient myeloma cells and preferential tumor cell targeting compared to healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Further testing in a myeloma xenograft mouse model further confirmed the potency of this compound in vivo. We have also observed synergistic activity in combination with both MM clinical therapeutic Dexamethasone, and novel anti-MM candidate Panabinostat. Comparing the basal expression profile of hypersensitive (H929) vs less sensitive (OPM2, U266) cell lines have identified the interferon alpha/beta pathway as a marker for association with sensitivity. Just recently, VS-5584 has been reported to evidence very favourable pharmaceutical and pharmacological properties in a wide range of solid tumors resistant to standard care therapies. Taken together with our data, this offers a compelling rationale for its clinical development as a single or combination therapy in multiple myeloma. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The aim of the study was to monitor the changes observed in the concentration of gastrin, as well as the morphological and ultrastructural properties of pyloric G and fundic ECL cells in rats with a portocaval shunt (PCS). Eight weeks after surgery, plasma and pyloric tissue gastrin concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. Sections from pyloric mucosa were immunostained for the identification of G cells, while oxyntic mucosa specimens were processed for Sevier-Munger detection of ECL cells. In addition, ultrastructural properties of G and ECL cells were determined by standard transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the plasma gastrin levels were unchanged, while the pyloric gastrin concentrations were significantly increased in rats with PCS compared to the control animals (p<0.01). The morphometric analysis showed a significant increase in the cell density of antral G cells (p<0.05) and fundic ECL cells (p<0.01), as well as an increased number of these cells per mm 2 of mucosa (p<0.01). In addition, the ECL cell profile area was increased in rats with PCS. The predominance of very large vesicles and the reduction of normal cytoplasmic granules and vesicles was a prominent subcellular feature of the ECL. G-cells in PCS rats showed the presence of secretory granules of all types (electron-dense, electron-lucent and electron-pale). The number of electron dense granules was elevated. These ultrastructural patterns are compatible with the functional activation of G and ECL cells. The present study suggests that PCS results in hyperplasia of G cells, as well as in both hyperplasia and hypertrophia of ECL cells. It is highly probable that the PCS enchances the sensitivity of the ECL cells to gastrin, thereby enabling them to respond to gastrin in an exaggerated manner.


Management fraud is often explained through wealth-maximization paradigms. This article invokes a different approach, namely a behavioural one, and argues that fraud may happen as a consequence of failures in the decision-making process. Relying on extensive evidence in the case of Parmalat, it maintains that this fraud was not brought about by the desire of the CEO, chairman and founder to maximize his economic goals, but was rather a consequence of his failure to produce an objective description of reality. This was induced by a number of behavioural mechanisms such as self-deception, managerial hubris, emotions and the 'endowment effect'. This article also contributes to a broader debate on the rationality of economic actors and its limits, and sheds light on the seeds of potential crises contained within genuine Schumpeterian entrepreneurs.


We propose a generic presentation system for adaptive educational hypermedia that is highly independent from domain knowledge representation and application state management. Generality is achieved by providing a framework for the definition of ontologies that best fit specific domains and/or authors. Presentations are described in terms of ontology object classes and relations. An explicit presentation model, separate from course contents, is used to provide course designers with extensive control over the generation of all aspects of presentation, at a moderate development cost.


ABSTRACTThere is a need to better characterize discrete fractures in contaminated hard rock aquifers to determine the fate of remediation injections away from boreholes and also to evaluate hydraulic fracturing performance. A synthetic cross-borehole electrical resistivity study was conducted assuming a discrete fracture model of an existing contaminated site with known fracture locations. Four boreholes and two discrete fracture zones, assumed to be the dominant electrical and hydraulically conductive pathways, were explicitly modeled within an unstructured tetrahedral mesh. We first evaluated different regularization constraints starting with an uninformed smoothness-constrained inversion, to which a priori information was incrementally added. We found major improvements when (1) smoothness regularization constraints were relaxed (or disconnected) along boreholes and fractures, (2) a homogeneous conductivity was assumed along boreholes, and (3) borehole conductivity constraints that could be determined ...


A practical, scalable, metal-free synthesis of succinic acid from the biomass-derived platform chemical levulinic acid is described. Treatment of levulinic acid with the inexpensive, simple oxidant hydrogen peroxide under the catalytic action of trifluoroacetic acid gives succinic acid in high yield and enables facile product isolation by simple distillation of the volatile catalyst and byproducts.


We report a simulation study of carrier transport in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) based on non-local transport model. In this model, drift-diffusion equations are solved with modification of current density by accounting for long-range carrier transport including quantum tunneling and hot carrier transport in the device. From the simulation results of an AlInGaAs/InP QCL at different temperatures, it is found that our model shows reasonable agreement with experiments at lower temperature when carriers are well confined while substantial deviation is observed at higher temperatures when the leakage of carriers into the continuum is significant.