Abstract 2454 Background: Purine nucleoside analogs have been shown to produce high remission rates of 75–90% when used as first-line monotherapy for HCL. Long-term studies have shown that remissions may be lasting but are not durable. Median progression-free survival is approximately 8 years. Fludarabine (F) is an attractive option for treatment of relapsed HCL due to its similar mechanism of action, the ability to administer multiple courses for repeated exposure and its oral bioavailability. Rituximab (R) has shown single-agent activity in HCL as well as synergy with fludarabine in vivo. In addition, clinical trials have demonstrated that FR is effective in other indolent B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders. We assessed the tolerability and efficacy of FR for relapsed or refractory HCL. Patients and Methods: The British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) Lymphoid Cancer Database was searched to identify patients treated with FR for relapsed or refractory HCL (F 40 mg/m2/d orally d 1–5 [adjusted for renal function] and R 375 mg/m2 IV d 1, every 28 days for 4 cycles). All cases were centrally reviewed to exclude variant HCL and splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Results: 252 patients with HCL were identified, of whom 90 developed progressive disease after initial therapy (36%). 13 patients were treated with FR between 2004–2009 for relapsed or refractory disease after first-line cladribine (n=2) or after multiple lines of therapy (n=11). Median age at FR was 59 years (range, 46–82 years); 85% of patients were male. Patients were heavily pre-treated with a median of 2 prior systemic treatments (range, 1–5). All patients had received at least 1 course of cladribine; 5 had received 2 courses (38%). Additional systemic treatments included interferon (n= 5, 38%) and deoxycoformycin (n= 4, 31%). A purine analogue was the therapy immediately prior to FR in all patients with cladribine in 11 (85%) and fludarabine alone in 2 (15%). 11 patients had a response to their last course of purine analog therapy, while 2 patients had refractory disease. FR therapy was administered at a median of 12.9 years from diagnosis (range, 3.4 –27.5) and at a median of 58 months from the last therapy (range, 2–155). Prior to FR therapy, the average interval between therapies was 46 months (range, 15–165). Median counts at time of FR were (data missing on 2 patients): hemoglobin 115 g/L (range, 79–145), white blood cell count 2.2 × 109/L (range, 0.9–8.6), lymphocyte count 1.0 × 109/L (range, 0.4–7.14), neutrophil count 1.09 × 109/L (range, 0.3–1.6), and platelets 98 × 109/L (range, 29–203). Patients underwent a median of 4 cycles of FR (range, 2–4) with oral fludarabine well tolerated in all cycles. Treatment was discontinued in 1 patient after 2 cycles due to a hypersensitivity reaction to rituximab and fludarabine was discontinued in 1 patient after 3 cycles due to the development of interstitial lung disease. The latter patient went on to receive a total of 6 rituximab infusions. Herpes zoster occurred in 2 patients, during and 6 months after completion of FR therapy, respectively. No patients required hospitalization during therapy. Information regarding response was available in 10 patients. All 10 patients had complete normalization of peripheral blood counts, absence of abnormal circulating lymphocytes and resolution of splenomegaly if present at initiation of FR. 3 patients had bone marrow biopsies at completion of therapy and all showed an absence of minimal residual disease by immunophenotyping. Currently, 12 patients (92%) remain in remission without further therapy while 1 patient has developed recurrent disease, 31 months after FR. With a median follow-up of 26 months from FR (range, 5–72), progression-free survival is 80% and overall survival 100%. Conclusion: In this multiply relapsed and heavily pre-treated group of patients with HCL, including patients previously exposed to purine analog therapy, the combination of oral fludarabine and rituximab was well tolerated, safe and effective. FR is a reasonable treatment option for patients with relapsed or refractory HCL. Disclosures: Off Label Use: Rituximab is being included because of previously documented phase II clinical trial activity against hairy cell leukemia.


OBJECTIVE
Clinicians may be concerned about using psychostimulant medications in patients in whom weight gain is desired because of their potential side effects of appetite suppression and weight loss. This report depicts the successful treatment of 2 adolescent patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in an inpatient eating disorders unit.

METHOD
A report of 2 clinical cases (ages 19 and 20 years) was used to describe the management of comorbid AN and ADHD. Tolerance to stimulants, meal completion, and ability to restore weight were assessed over the course of hospitalization.

RESULTS
Behaviorally focused refeeding combined with psychostimulants notably improved symptoms of AN and comorbid ADHD without adverse effects.

CONCLUSION
Psychostimulant medications may be used successfully in patients with AN and ADHD in the context of structured behavioral treatment designed for weight restoration.


Anthony R. Lupo, PhD, is Associate Professor of Atmospheric Sciences in the Soil, Environmental, and Atmospheric Sciences Department at the University of Missouri. Contact: lupoa@!missouri.edu Introduction It is a misconception that those who consider themselves skeptical of the human contribution to climate change do not believe that the climate is warming, and further, that a skeptical point of view is naïve, dangerous or worse. There is no doubt that the climate is changing today (Figure 1), and that it has changed in the past. There is no doubt even that it is warming as it has been since the mid1800s. The climate has undergone radical change in Earth's history even before humans arrived on the scene. Similarly, concern about the human contribution to climate change is not new either. Concern about the human impact on climate and the environment goes back to the beginning of the 20th century and before getting attention primarily from the work and pronouncements from Swedish physicist, Svante Arrhenius. One can find this evidence in more accessible media or the scientific literature itself. 2 The prevailing wisdom today within the popular media (and indeed among the general public) is that the earth is warming, human activity is the cause, and there is scientific consensus regarding this viewpoint. There is some solid science to support the theory that human induced climate is occurring. However, there is also strong evidence to counter that point of view, or at least to create a healthy skepticism. This article will present research and scientific arguments for the reader to use in assessing the possibility that climate change has a human component, and then, to what degree.


Research purposes: By analysing the karst ground collapse caused by the bore and cast pile for the Darong River Double-track Grand Bridge of the Hunan-Guangxi Railway in Zhoujia Village,the evaluation was made for the influence of karst ground collapse on the groundwater environment and foundation stability. Research conclusions:The vibration of the construction machines was the main reasons for the karst ground collapse.After completion of the construction,the karst ground collapse did not have serious impact on the groundwater environment and ground stability.In construction of high-speed railway,the influence of karst ground collapse on the surrounding environment should be adequately considered.


Depletion mode transistors, such as GaN HEMTs, are widely used in high-power RF applications. High-power RF amplifiers using GaN HEMTs are biased with large drain-source voltage, and a high current flows during its operation. Proper control of large voltage and current require precise biasing sequence and protection circuits for a reliable operation. In this study, a compact system to bias and protect high-power amplifiers is presented. It also has monitoring and data logging features. The system controls biasing sequence to turn the amplifier on/off, monitors the drain voltage, drain current, gate voltage, temperature, reflected or transmitted power, and protects the amplifier against overcurrent, high RF power, and high temperature. A microcontroller manages the biasing sequence, sensors, user interfaces, and settings. In addition to a keypad, monitoring and controlling is possible with a computer and Android device. The system is tested and verified with a 10W GaN HEMT power amplifier.


The Eocene volcanic suite of the Freemans Cove area of Bathurst Island, Canadian Arctic Archipelago, consists of dikes, sills, small plugs, and agglomeratic vents. Lavas are preserved only as clast...


The PML gene encodes a nuclear protein with transcriptional regulatory activity. It directly interacts with the Sp1 transcription factor and abrogates its activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene promoter. Here, the effects of PML on the activity of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) promoter, mainly regulated by Sp1, were investigated. On functional analysis, transient transfection of PML into mammalian cells, U2Os and HeLa, resulted in a significant repression of the DHFR promoter. The DHFR promoter also contains binding sites for the E2F transcription factor. When the Sp1 DNA-binding site, but not the E2F-binding site of the promoter, was replaced with an unrelated binding site (GAL4), the repressive effects of PML were lost. Moreover, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) using Sp1-containing oligonucleotide probes showed significant reduction in Sp1 binding in the presence of PML, confirming the necessity of the Sp1 DNA-binding sites for PML's repressive effects. Analysis of DNA synthesis using [3H]thymidine incorporation assay showed a significant reduction in DNA synthesis in HeLa cells overexpressing PML. Together, the data demonstrated that PML could function as a negative regulator of the DHFR promoter, which may represent a novel mechanism for the known repressive effects of PML on cellular growth.


State is an interactive system for ancient and handwritten document transcription with several input modalities for entering and correcting text. It has a flexible architecture that allows easy connection to different OCR systems.


We study the relation between the excitation of eigenmodes at isotropic-gyroelectromagnetic flat interfaces under index-matching condition and the singular behavior of the reflectivity at grazing incidences. We show that, as in the isotropic case, these eigenmodes can be excited by waves at other angles of incidence by introducing a periodic corrugation to the interface between the two media. The coupling produces strong peaks in the curves of reflectivity versus angle of incidence, whose intensity and shape depend on the height of the corrugation. Numerical examples for a particular orientation of the optic axis are presented.


The paper deals with the dynamical behavior of a discrete-time ratio-dependent predator–prey system. The predator dependence is one of the main concerns of the system. The stability analysis of this 2-dimensional map was carried out analytically. Numerical simulation was carried out to verify the analytical results. We analyzed some specific features that could arise in discrete system. Basin of attraction was found for the endemic equilibrium state. We extended the numerical simulation for the maximal Lyapunov exponent. The presence of positive Lyapunov exponent indicated chaotic behavior of the map. The sensitive dependence on initial condition is one of the criteria for a discrete system. We showed that the system is sensitive on the initial conditions. We also carried out the analysis of diffusion and impact of noise.


An alternating-offers bargaining model in which a normal-form game determines players' payoffs in disagreement periods can have multiple perfect equilibria, provided that players are sufficiently patient. Even though there is perfect information, delay can arise and the length of delay depends only on the payoff structure of the disagreement game and not on the discount factor. On the other hand, not all feasible and individually rational payoffs of the disagreement game can be supported as average payoffs in equilibrium and some negotiation games have a unique perfect equilibrium with immediate agreement. Copyright 1995 by The Econometric Society.


Background: The migration of ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunt catheters used in the treatment of hydrocephalus is an infrequent complication which occurs without any recognizable cause. Case report: An unusual case of ventricular catheter extrusion into the subgaleal area in a fivemonth-old hydrocephalic baby is presented. The event occured nearly 3 months following the placement of a VP shunt. VP shunt revision was performed without any neurological deterioration, and the patient has been included in the clinical follow-up protocol. Conclusion: In the literature ventricular end extrusion into the scalp has not been reported, so far. Although VP shunt application is very effective in treatment of hydrocephalus, it may cause unexpected complications.


We consider Nonlinear Shot Noise systems in which external shots hit the system following an arbitrary Poissonian inflow and, after impact, dissipate to zero governed by an arbitrary nonlinear decay mechanism. The "standard" Shot Noise process tracks the shots aggregate (at any given time) and is non-Markov. In this letter we shift from aggregate dynamics to maximal dynamics —tracking the magnitude of the largest shot present in the system (at any given time). This yields a class of stochastic processes which: i) display a wide spectrum of random decay-surge evolutionary patterns; ii) are intrinsically nonlinear in both their decay and surge mechanisms; but yet, iii) turn out to be Markovian and analytically tractable. A detailed quantitative statistical analysis of this class of processes is presented.


Introduction: The ligasure small jaw (LISJ) has many advantages for thyroid surgery hemostasis. Other complications, however, remain at the same level or are even greater than with conventional treatment. Material and methodology: Between March and December of 2022, I analyzed complications following total thyroidectomy (TTH). Patients were evaluated prospectively for case control study. including hypocalcemia (HC) and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLND) palsy. Results: all patients suffered from postoperative (HC) with Ca supplement with Vid D.one patient suffered with stridor after extubation. Conclusion: To reduce the complication rate during thyroid surgery with a small jaw, more surgical expertise is required. In terms of (RLND) palsy and (HC), the current literature does not demonstrate a safety advantage of (LISJ) over conventional thyroid surgery that would justify a price increase.


In this work we make some contributions to the theory of actions of abelian p-groups on the n-Torus Tn. Set H ? (Zpk1)h1 × (Zpk2)h2 × ? × (Zpkr)hr, r = 1, k1 = k2 = ? = kr = 1, p prime. Suppose that the group H acts freely on Tn and the induced representation on ?1(Tn) ? Zn is faithful and has first Betti number b. We show that the numbers n, p, b, ki and hi, (i=1,?,r) satisfy some relation. In particular, when H ? (Zp)h, the minimum value of n is F(p)+b when b = 1. Also when H ? Zpk1 × Zp the minimum value of n is F(pk1)+p-1+b for b = 1. Here F denotes the Euler function.


Objective To observe the relationship between estrogen,lipoid,free radical in serum and obesity in mid-elderly women.Methods The mid-elderly women were divided into 4 groups in BMI.group 1,obesity,group 2,overweight,group 3,normal,group 4,lowweight.They were determined by the level of E_2,FSH,PRL,lipoid,SOD,MDA,NO in serum.ResultsThe rate of obesity and overweight is respectively 10.0%,32.8% in the mid-elderly women.There was significant difference of E_2,TC,TG,LDL-C,LDL,ApoB,ApoA_1/ ApoB,SOD,MDA in serum between obesity groups and normal groups((P0.05).)Conclusions Obesity may induce rise of level of lipoid, decline of estrogen,increase of free radical.


A 28 year old woman had a history of knee trauma and presented with unilateral knee acute swelling and pain symptoms with sudden onset, which was there from last 2 years. She had been treated for seronegative rheumatoid patient for 1 year. Recent expansion of the LPVNS (localized pigmented villonodular synovitis) caused the development of a tender palpable soft tissue mass in the anterolateral aspect of the knee and acute reduced mobility. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging of the knee revealed the presence of only the soft tissue mass and mild degenerative changes. Open synovectomy was performed successfully to excise the mass. Intraoperatively, macroscopic features of the bright brown inflamed synovium suggested LPVNS, which was confirmed histopathologically. Postoperatively, the symptoms of limited mobility and pain were appreciably relieved. Recurrence was not observed during the clinical follow up at 1, 6 or 18 months after surgery. Here, we reported the unique case of localized pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee in a misdiagnosed patient with intra and extraarticular lesion, which might be attributed to the history of knee trauma and the focal defect of the lateral patellar retinaculum. Open synovectomy effectively relieved the symptoms of limited mobility and pain and no recurrence was observed prior to 18 months postoperatively. To reduce misdiagnosis, MRI examinations are recommended for all patients suspected of having PVNS, including those who have a history of hyperuricemia.


The biosorption capability of Ulmus leaves and their ash for Cadmium ions removal from aqueous solutions has been investigated as a function of appropriate equilibrium time, concentration of adsorbate and pH using a batch system. The effect of metals such as Ca Mg Na and K on biosorption was studied. Studies showed that equilibrium time to biosorption of Cadmium was 60 minutes, optimum pH was 6 and initial concentration 2mg/Lfor both Ulmus Leaves and their ash respectively. Simultaneous adsorption of Cd (II) and Cr (VI) ions was studied using a medium that contained 2 mg/ L of each metal ion. The effect of these biosorbents on increasing COD in aqueous solution shows that 2g/L biosorbent cause increase 130 and 75 mg/L COD in deionized water at 60 minutes for Ulmus Leaves and their ashrespectively. The Cadmium biosorption obeyed both Longmuir and fraundlich isotherms but lungmuir isotherm was better by R=0.998 for ash and R=0.993 for Ulmus Leaves. The studies showed that Ulmus Leaves ash was more favorable than Ulmus Leaves in removing Cadmium and thus was a better biosorbent.


Objective To evaluate the serum creatine kinase(CK) and MB isoenzyme characteristics in acute myocardial infarction(AMI)with microvascular obstruction (MO).Methods The coronary reperfusion,serum CK and MB isoenzyme activities were measured in 10 patients with AMI and MO detected by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and compared with 12 simple AMI cases without MO.Results There was less coronary reperfusion frequency in AMI patients with MO compared with simple AMI group(coronary angiogram TIMI 3:after AMI 0 vs.41.7%,P=0 030;before MRI 50.0% vs.75 0%,P=0 173).The peak activities of CK and MB isoenzyme in MO group were significantly higher than that of simple AMI group[CK:(1 411 1±928 3)U/L vs.(845 2±837 1)U/L,P=0 050;MB:(11 7±6 1)%vs.(7 2±3 4)%,P=0 043] The frequency of CK peak activity not less than 1 000 U/L in MO group was 70%(7/10),and was higher than that in non-MO group(33 3%,4/12,P=0 194) The ratio of CK peak over infracted size (larger than 5 000 U/L) in MO group was less than non-MO group (20 0%,2/10 vs.58 3%,7/12;P=0 072).Conclusion Higher cardiac enzyme peak and less coronary reperfusion frequency were found in MO patients and cardiac enzyme release might be decreased around the infarction area.


A new uniplanar compact electromagnetic bandgap (UCEBG) structure embedded in power distribution network (PDN) for suppression of the simultaneous switching noise is proposed. The key idea relies on embedding UCEBG between power/ground planes instead of replacing UCEBG with one of them. Simulations showed that this new structure has these advantages: noise suppression in few megahertz range (below 100 MHz) and ultra wideband noise suppression (10 MHz to 25 GHz). Full wave electromagnetic simulation is used to study the characteristics of this new structure.


We investigated the extent to which bilingual children follow the same patterns and timetable of lexical development as monolinguals. For a group of 20 simultaneous bilingual (English-Spanish) infants, ages 10 to 30 months, we looked at the patterns of growth in one language in relation to growth in the other and also with respect to growth in both languages combined. The MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories (CDI), standardized parent report forms in Spanish and English, provided measures of lexical growth in two languages at varying intervals within the age range. We plotted the two single-language measures, as well as Total and Total Conceptual language measures, across time, referenced on a second γ-axis to the percent of the child's language environment that each language represented. For a subset of the children, we calculated the percentages of general nominals, social words, and verbs for each language to allow the characterization of the children's learning strategies as "referential" or "expressive" (Nelson, 1973). The rate and pace of development were similar to patterns observed in monolinguals. In addition, the vocabulary spurt was seen to occur in about the same percentage of children as has been observed in groups of monolingual children. The bilinguals differed from one another with respect to the relative independence of one language from the other, including the use of different learning strategies in the two languages by the same child.


It has been shown that T cell-mediated immunity plays a major role (4, 5, 710, 12) in control of and recovery from herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Nevertheless, the mechanism of immune T cell-mediated protection in vivo is complex and poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed that peripheral T cells express different Lytalloantigens on their surfaces and are divisible into three subpopulations with phenotypes Lyt-1.2.3, Lyt-l, and Lyt-2.3 (2). Lyt-1.2.3 cells are presumed to be precursors for Lyt-I or Lyt-2.3 cells (2). Lyt-l cells are programmed to help or amplify activities of other cells after stimulation by an antigen (2). They help B cells to produce antibody and activate macrophages in the generation of the delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (2). Lyt-2.3 cells are known to suppress antibody production and other immune responses, and to be cytotoxic cells (2). In this study, we have used Lyt-alloantisera for the examination of immune T lymphocytes responsible for providing protection in mice lethally infected with HSV. Sixto 10-week-old athymic nude (nu/nu) mice and their littermates (nu/+) with BALB/c genetic background were purchased from the Central Laboratories of Experimental Animals Co., Ltd., Japan. When athymic nude mice were injected intracutaneously with 2.5 X 104 plaque-forming units (PFU) of the virulent Hayashida strain of HSV-l per 0.05 ml, all of the mice died after development of severe zosteriform skin lesions, while all of the control nul + mice survived the infection, as reported previously (10), indicating that resistance of HSV infection is T-cell dependent. In order to determine the phenotypes of committed lymphocytes responsible for HSV resistance, immune spleen cells were transferred to numu mice that were lethally infected with HSV, following treatment with various antilymphocyte sera. Anti-lymphocyte alloantisera were obtained from Cederlane Laboratories, Canada. Anti-Thy-1.2 alloantisera were produced in AKR/J mice by injecting thymocytes


Sergey Glaziev - Counselor of the President of the Russian Federation.There is still little consensus about how the economic reforms should have been carried out in the 1990s, even though the experience is there waiting to be analyzed and accounted for in future undertakings. The present article was written by a direct participant in these events and it provides a detailed narrative of how the related decisions were actually taken. Foreign recommendations in favor of price liberalization, privatization and open foreign trade very soon became a mainstream discourse in designing a transformation policy, although it was influenced to a greater extent by political matters rather than academic discussions. Eltsyn was aggressively persuaded to accept the radical style of these changes, which is explained by the motives of people who surrounded him. The figure most noted among them was A. Chubais, who insisted that the reform was carried out as soon as possible to avoid any risk of rollback to the Soviet system. He was determined to do so even at the cost of economic growth, economic competitiveness, and the prospects of social and economic development.The government, however, was made up of people (such as the author himself), who were poorly aware of how real everyday life was organized in enterprises and in the national economy as a whole. And there was an insufficient scientific foundation for any kind of such change to be implemented. As a result, many decisions were taken based exclusively on their simplicity: the more straightforward, the better. Liberalization of prices was the classical case, which also illustrated how the new mechanism and, particularly, the new principles unsuccessfully overlapped with existing procedures.Another example was the second stage of reform, i.e. privatization, when some fictional theory of 'full voucherization' was proposed in order to redistribute property among people through privatization vouchers. Given the low economic culture of people and the ruling establishment and the absence of corresponding legal support, this strategy brought about a devastating effect to the economy through rise and collapse of financial pyramids, galloping inflation and disintegration of industrial networks, which was further worsened by the poor quality of management and other negative phenomena. As a result, many end-use industries went bankrupt by the mid-1990s. The disruption of technological chains led to a sharp rise in transaction costs and general macroeconomic chaos.The only industries that could survive after such economic mess were rough manufacturers and raw material industries, which managed to enter the foreign markets. The monetary policy was also quite premature and especially lacking in scientific justification. In order to estimate the possible inflation, the Central bank relied on a quite primitive equation, relating inflation directly to the money supply and completely ignoring all other factors (such as money velocity, monopolistic powers, inflation expectations, etc). And the author is convinced that the people who adopted such course and ignored the experiences known from world history either had a particular purpose or they were completely illiterate in the economic respect.There were, of course, many necessary and useful decisions taken in the 1990s. In some aspects and areas it was even possible to manage the chaos and make realistic forecasts. However, in general, there was no single strategy of reform, and its course was rather shaped without any system and under the strong influence of political powers. This is particularly reflected in Eltsyn's principle of appointing state cadres: today - one minister, tomorrow - another. He never really got to know them or have them introduced to him. Many members of government unceremoniously accepted bribes and influenced political decisions out of their personal commercial and political interests. The strategic failures and, particularly, the underestimation of the fact that the market transition was to a greater extent a learning process, led to a situation, where wealth was obtained through corruption and deception rather than through creative activity.The general conclusion is that even 20 years after the reforms we have learned absolutely nothing. There is still no mechanism to make powers accountable for their decisions. But, most importantly, without proper reasoning, most conventional solutions - 'private ownership is more efficient than state ownership', 'free market is better than state regulation', 'controlling money supply is a way of fighting inflation' - may easily lead to tragic consequences in a complex social and economic organism. A national economy is a complex system of many non-linear relations which cannot be managed with primitive instruments without considering all possible interactions. There is still room for optimism, but we have to start analyzing our experience and think of a way to make powers accountable for decisions they take.


Hundreds of surgical defects are caused by skin cancer removal every day. All these surgeries may leave scars that change a patient's physical appearance and negatively impact psychosocial functioning.


We describe atom–diatom collisions at hyperthermal energies within the theory of three‐body scattering. We show how one can treat angular momentum coupling and rotational excitation to low order in a multiple‐collision expansion. The emphasis here is in the use of accurate two‐atom transition amplitudes and form factors, and on impulse and peaking approximations with simple interaction potentials. We present results for differential cross sections as functions of final rotational quantum numbers jf for Li+–CO and Li+–N2 at several center of mass angles in the eV region of collision energies. Form factors are also shown for varying jf, and are discussed in terms of simple overlap models in momentum space.


We develop an equilibrium framework that relaxes the standard assumption that people have a correctly-specified view of their environment. Each player is characterized by a (possibly misspecified) subjective model, which describes the set of possible beliefs (over distributions over others' actions and payoff relevant states). We introduce the notion of a Berk-Nash equilibrium: Each player follows a strategy that is optimal given her belief, and her belief is restricted to be the best fit among the set of beliefs she considers possible. The notion of best fit is formalized in terms of minimizing the relative entropy and depends on the equilibrium strategy profile. Standard solution concepts such as Nash equilibrium and self-confirming equilibrium constitute special cases where players learn with correctly-specified models. The framework provides a systematic approach to modeling players with misspecified views and also unifies a specific bounded rationality literature where mistakes are driven by misspecifications. Importantly, we provide a learning foundation for Berk-Nash equilibrium by extending and combining results from the statistics literature on misspecified learning and the economics literature on learning in games. ∗We thank Vladimir Asriyan, Pierpaolo Battigalli, Larry Blume, Aaron Bodoh-Creed, Sylvain Chassang, Emilio Espino, Erik Eyster, Drew Fudenberg, Yuriy Gorodnichenko, Philippe Jehiel, Stephan Lauermann, Natalia Lazzati, Kristóf Madarász, Matthew Rabin, Ariel Rubinstein, Joel Sobel, Jörg Stoye, and several seminar participants for helpful comments. Esponda: Olin Business School, Washington University in St. Louis, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1133, St. Louis, MO 63130, firstname.lastname@example.com; Pouzo: Department of Economics, UC Berkeley, 530-1 Evans Hall #3880, Berkeley, CA 94720, email@example.com.


Coastal defense system in Ming Dynasty conveys rich historical,architectural and archaeological information.Researches on its originality,development and cultural connotation can provide theoretical basis for the succession and protection of cultural heritage.The study of its cause,evolution,spatial distribution and change have verified that the coastal defense system in Ming Dynasty was the first and the oldest one in China,with the purpose of external defense as the primary function,which was featured by tight integrity,systemality and structuring.The analysis of function and importance of maritime transport in Ming Dynasty,and the comparative analysis of shipping routes in Yuan and Ming Dynasty have proved that the coastal defense system in Ming Dynasty played a very important role in ensuring the safety of shipping routes and tribute roads.


Objectives To elucidate the role of Salvia Miltiorrhiza(SM) for the treatment and prevention in diabetic retinopathy(DR) and investigate the underlying mechanism.Methods 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups:control group;diabetes for 1 month(DM1);diabetes for 3 month(DM3);diabetes treated with SM for 1 month(SM1) and diabetes treated with SM for 3 month(SM3).The diabetic rats model was induced by the peritoneal injection of streptozotocin(60 mg/kg).Treatment group were injected with SM(20 mg/kg/d).Light and electron microscope,computer picture quantitative analysis and RT-PCR were adopted to observe the changes of retinal ultrastructure and the expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in different groups.Results In treatment group with SM,the retinal ganglion cells and nuclear layer cells increased remarkably compared to control and diabetic groups.The retinal structure was improved obviously.There was no significant difference of VEGFmRNA expression among different groups.Conclusion SM could effectively prevent and cure DR,and its mechanism maybe related to improving anoxic condition and reducing oxidative stress.


Total energy calculations were performed for nitrous oxide and its anion N2O- by Multi Configuration Self-Consistent Field−Configuration Interaction (MCSCF−CI) methods. The shape of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and the energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) are evaluated for different N2−O distances and bending angles. The vertical electron affinities for the ground state and the first excited bending mode were found to be −2.1 eV, separated by about 50 meV. On the 2A' potential energy surface (PES) of negatively charged N2O the dynamics for the reaction after charge transfer on the ground state and thermally excited N2O has been studied by wave packet calculations. The molecules dissociate within 30 fs and strong rotational excitation of the N2 fragment is found. To explain the strong vibrational state selectivity we propose diabatic transitions between the 2A' and the 2A'' PES to interrupt the dissociation of N2O- selectively. Implications for the dynamics of ...


A new class of materials based on inorganic and organic species combined at a nanoscale level has received large attention recently. In this work the idea of producing hybrid materials with controllable properties is applied to obtain foams to be used as catalyst supporting. Hybrids were synthesized by reacting poly(vinyl alcohol) in acidic solution with water glass. The inorganic phase was also modified by incorporating a hexamethyldisiloxane as precursor. The hybrid aerogel powder was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, TG-DTA, Nitrogen adsorption–desorption, X-ray diffraction and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. The powder obtained had a higher porosity varying from 65 to 90% and the nanopore diameter ranged from 17 to 20 nm. The surface area and nanopore volume decreased as polymer content increased in the hybrids. The sharp decline in the weight observed at around 500°C accompanied an exothermic peak of the DTA curve. The sharp peak was observed around 211°C represents the DTA curve of Poly vinyl alcohol constituent in nano hybrids. The peak at 1638 cm−1 in the FTIR indicated the formation of SiOPVAOSi bridge in aerogel powder. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010


Switching between respiration and apoptosis in cytochrome c is finely balanced The concept of protein entatic states is a cornerstone of bioinorganic chemistry (1, 2). "Entatic" literally means stretched or under tension. In a metalloprotein entatic state, the metal active site is poised in a particular conformation, ready and waiting to carry out catalysis or electron transfer. The active site is maintained in this state by structural constraints imposed by the surrounding protein structure. But quantifying the energetic cost of entatic stabilization is fiendishly difficult and has not been accomplished previously. On page 1276 of this issue, Mara et al. (3) use ultrafast x-ray spectroscopy to quantify the energetic cost of entatic control in cytochrome c. It is surprisingly small, explaining how cytochrome c can switch between disparate functions in respiration and apoptosis.


Alcohol is one of the most frequently used substances, and alcohol-related disorders are common, especially in western societies. While there is no safe lower drinking level, a clear dose–response relationship has been shown between alcohol intake and organ damage. Conceptualization and diagnostic classification of alcohol use disorders have changed over time, focusing most recently on aspects of craving, loss of control, and continued use despite negative consequences. Alcohol acts via various binding sites in the brain and via downstream effects, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, serotonergic, dopaminergic, opioid, and neuroendocrine pathways. For its long-lasting, habit-forming effects, sensitization within the mesolimbic–mesocortical system is crucial. Psychological treatments traditionally focus on motivational enhancement, cognitive behaviour therapy, and the community reinforcement approach. Pharmacological treatment approaches range from aversive and reward-inhibiting to anti-craving compounds and cognitive enhancers, which target opioid, glutamatergic, and monoamine receptors. Improvement of treatment effects can be achieved by polypharmacy and use of personalized medicine, based on clinical characteristics, biomarkers, and genetic indicators.


Criminals and criminal organizations often make use of companies and other corporate entities to hide their identity, conceal illicit flows of money, launder funds, finance terrorist organizations, evade taxes, create and hide slash funds, commit bribery, corruption, accounting frauds and other financial crimes. These legal entities are frequently organized into complex ownership schemes set up in different countries, and with a "Chinese boxes" structure, in order to make it harder to determine who ultimately controls them and benefits of the illegal conduct. Currently there are a lot of competitors in the market of Financial Fraud Detection but the software that they propose are mainly oriented to supervise and manage the institutions' internal compliance processes such as the management and transmission of Suspicious Activity Reports (SAR) instead of providing intelligence tools for proactively discovery potential threats and identify the final beneficiaries of illegal operations. Consequently there is a potential for Financial Fraud Detection focused on the on-line, real-time statistical analysis of transactions, operators behaviour, price movements and the use of data mining algorithms that work on heterogeneous sources of big data. After having described the schemes used for executing the three most relevant financial frauds this research proposes a novel approach for the detection of illicit behaviours and suspect transactions. The approach benefits of a multidisciplinary approach for the analysis of the big data streams coming heterogeneous sources such as TV stream, social media and public (official and unofficial) data bases.


Wehaveproposed "attentive workbench (AWB)," anassembly cell that supports theproduction activities of humanworkers. Attentive Workbench iscomposed ofanaugmented deskinterface andself-moving trays withtheSawyer planar motors. Inthis paper, 2ndgeneration prototype ofAWB isrealized. Practical assembly support byself-moving trays arecarried outfortheevaluation ofthepresent system.


This paper proposes an approach to optimize the parameters of DC voltage droop control. The objective is minimizing the sum of ITAE(integral of time-weighted absolute value of error) of DC voltage, active power and reactive power of the VSC(voltage sourced converter). The simplex algorithm is adopted to solve this problem. The initial values of the parameters of DC voltage droop control are known, as well as the values of other parameters. At last, a three-terminal MTDC(multi-terminal direct current tramsimission) is set in PSCAD to test the effective of this optimization algorithm.


In such a projection imaging system, the illumination system for use with arrays of image forming mirror is disclosed. Projection imaging system includes a projection optics, the first and second light source assembly disposed on the first and second illumination position. Image forming mirror image is individually controllable between first and second different reflecting states to form a first reflective state reflects light from the first illumination position in the projection optics the second reflective state reflects the light from the second illumination position in the projection optics.


Recent advances made in the development of expert systems lead to the major impact in teaching and learning environments. This paper describes an expert system for teaching voltage control in power systems. The expert system was implemented using a commercially available expert system shell Level5 Object. The major objective of the tool developed was to demonstrate the use of artificial intelligence in the field where practical knowledge and experience are very important. Voltage control in power systems provides this opportunity. The expert system calculates power load flows and bus voltages, simulates the system disturbances including changes in the power demand and network configuration, detects and corrects voltage violations and provides recommendations and explanations. The expert system is used to advise a user on appropriate actions required to improve the voltage profile by adjusting transformer taps, changing generator voltages and switching reactive power compensators. It also helps to determine the optimal location and size of the additional reactive power compensation to be installed in the power system. The expert system can serve both academic and industrial training needs.


This is a remarkably good book: authoritative, insightful, shrewd, and eminently readable. It analyses attempts to reform the House of Lords, beginning with the Parliament Act of 1911 and concluding (albeit only briefly) with the dropping of the House of Lords Reform Bill in 2012. Utilising substantial archival sources, this study challenges many of the existing preconceived notions about the history of House of Lords reform as well as perceptions with regard to the reasons for success or failure of reform attempts. Despite being subtitled 'A Century of Non-Reform' and outlining and analysing a large number of failed attempts to reform the House of Lords post-1911, the book does in fact deal with successful reforms, including the Parliament Act 1911, the Parliament Act 1949, the Life Peerages Act 1958, the Peerage Act 1963, the House of Lords Act 1999 and the Constitutional Reform Act 2005. Indeed, it is this combination of focus on and analysis of both the successful and the unsuccessful that gives the book its scope. The quality of the book is underpinned not only by its scope but also by Chris Ballinger's in-depth, detailed analysis. It is further underpinned by the author's very apparent understanding of the totality of the topic, and especially of the nature – and indeed changing nature – of House of Lords reform over the years (and indeed of the House of Lords itself), something that it is not always possible to say about those who write, let alone speak, on this topic. This understanding is apparent – for example, when the author points out (and concludes pp. 216–218) that, contrary to what many instinctively believe, agreement and consensus is not the proven successful approach to achieving reform. He clearly shows us that:


The complexes [AuX(tmpp)][X = Cl, Br or I; tmpp = tris(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)phosphine] were prepared by reaction of tmpp with [AuX(Me2S)] or [AuX2]–. The crystalline compounds are isomorphous with the corresponding complexes of Cu and Ag, with Au–P 2.253(5), 2.255(4), 2.239(7), Au–X 2.303(6), 2.413(2), 2.586(2)A and P–Au–X 176.0(2), 175.9(1), 177.7(2)°. The Au ⋯ O contacts involving the nearest o-methoxy oxygen atoms on the three phenyl groups in the ligand are: 3.15(1), 3.08(1), 2.92(2)(chloride); 3.13(2), 3.11(1), 2.96(1)(bromide); 3.01(2), 3.10(1), 3.09(2)A(iodide). The complexes [AuX(tmpp)] were characterized by far-IR spectroscopy [ν(Au–X) 313, 218, 183 cm–1.; X = Cl, Br, I] and by 31P NMR spectroscopy in acetonitrile [δ(31P)–35.9, –31.8, –23.9]. All members of the series [MX(tmpp)](M = Cu, Ag or Au; X = Cl, Br or I) are now known (although the Agl complex has so far only been detected in solution). The M–X bond properties in this series show trends which reveal the presence of relativistic effects in the M = Au case. Reaction of [AuX(tmpp)] with tmpp in a 1 : 1 mole ratio in solution results in displacement of X– to yield [Au(tmpp)2]+[δ(31P)–24.9]. Unlike the corresponding PPh3complexes, [AuX(tmpp)] show no evidence of 1J(197Au31P) spin–spin splitting in their solid-state 31P cross polarization magic angle spinning NMR spectra. A simple one-pot synthesis of the known gold(I) complex [NBu4][Aul2] from metallic gold was achieved.


This paper represents the importance of dependent variables in non-orthogonal curvilinear coordinates just as the importance of those variables of convective scheme and turbulence model in computational fluid dynamics. Each of Cartesian, physical covariant and physical contravariant velocity components was tested as the dependent variables of momentum equations in the staggered grid system. In the flow past a circular cylinder, the results were computed to use each of three variables and compared to experimental data. In the skewed driven cavity flow, the results were computed to check the grid dependency of the variables. The results used in Cartesian and physical contravariant components of velocity in cylinder flow show the nearly same accuracy. In the case of Cartesian and contravariant component, the same number of vortex was predicted in the skewed driven cavity flow. Vortex strength of Cartesian component case has about 30% lower value than that of the other two cases.


Author(s): Weber, Christopher P. | Abstract: Spin diffusion in n-GaAs quantum wells, as measured by our optical transient-grating technique, is strongly suppressed relative to that of charge. Over a broad range of temperatures and dopings, the suppression of Ds relative to Dc agrees quantitatively with the prediction of "spin Coulomb dra" theory, which takes into account the exchange of spin in electron-electron collisions. Moreover, the spin-diffusion length, Ls, is a nearly constant 1 micrometer over the same range of T and n, despite Ds's varying by nearly two orders of magnitude. This constancy supports the D'yakonov-Perel'-Kachorovskii model of spin relaxation through interrupted precessional dephasing in the spin-orbit field.


Octreotide can b e labelled with 188 Re by using the direct labelling approach and the bifunctional chelate ap-proach.The direct labelling approach concludes pretinning procedure and two-st ep reduction method.By pretinning pro-cedure,both octreotide and perrhenate are reduced by SnCl 2 .Rhenium of a lower oxidation state is bound to octreotide directly.By tw o-step reduction method,octreotide and the perrhenate are reduced by different reduction agent respec-tively.The direct radiolabelling approaches allow ve ry high radiochemical purity,high specific activity formulation,low radiocollo id formation and good in vitro stability,without the need for post-radiolabel ling purification to eliminate the un-bound free radioisotope.A kit could be d eveloped which would merely require the mixing of perrhenate with the other reag ents in a single vial.


To provide the reliability of power supply and ensure the personal security, cables in urban city are usually paved underground in nowadays. However, according to the statistical report from State Grid, around 53.4% of cable breakages are caused by external damages from 2009 to 2011. Among these external cable vandalisms, construction equipments are the main damage sources, including impact hammer, cutting machine, grab excavator, etc. Thus, designing a surveillance system which can automatically detect such potential destroy is highly desired. In this paper, we investigate the automatic recognition system based on classifying the acoustic waves generated by the three equipments. In the proposed recognition framework, the linear prediction cepstral coefficients (LPCC) for acoustic waves generated by the three equipments are extracted in small frames. These LPCC features are then fed to the support vector machine classifier for training and testing. To show the efficiency of the recognition system, real recorded acoustic waves are collected in varies construction using a cross microphone array for experiments. Experiments show that the recognition algorithm we developed is efficiency.


Based on the practice of the full face double-shield TBM construction at the No.7 tunnel of the South Trunk of Wanjiazhai Yellow River Diversion Project,some brief analyses are made on the influence from the geological condition on the TBM construction and the exact judgment made with the actual experiences from the TBM operation on the geological conditions,so as to provide some references for the similar projects concerned.


The objective of this work was to build mock-ups of complete yerba mate plants in several stages of development, using the InterpolMate software, and to compute photosynthesis on the interpolated structure. The mock-ups of yerba-mate were first built in the VPlants software for three growth stages. Male and female plants grown in two contrasting environments (monoculture and forest understory) were considered. To model the dynamic 3D architecture of yerba-mate plants during the biennial growth interval between two subsequent prunings, data sets of branch development collected in 38 dates were used. The estimated values obtained from the mock-ups, including leaf photosynthesis and sexual dimorphism, are very close to those observed in the field. However, this similarity was limited to reconstructions that included growth units from original data sets. The modeling of growth dynamics enables the estimation of photosynthesis for the entire yerba mate plant, which is not easily measurable in the field. The InterpolMate software is efficient for building yerba mate mock-ups.


This is a textbook of graphic, artistic precision and meaty, informative content. It has two major strengths that distinguish it from the deluge of similar books presently available: first, it applies international standardized nomenclature in the form of a concise and well written text; second, it provides a splendid array of color photomicrographs. The monograph is composed of two sections. The first portion, "Classification of Glomerular Diseases," lists and defines glomerular lesions in tabular form, followed by tables of the main clinical and morphological features of each disease. The second segment, "Definitions, Descriptions and Illustrations of Glomerular Diseases," consists of 21 chapters that describe and illustrate these alterations. Topics run the gamut from the normal glomerulus to the end-stage kidney and include some alterations that are important but often omitted, for example, glomerular lesions after transplantation. A brief appendix details pertinent histological techniques and orients one to the examination of


There are few words more prevalent in the modern study of politics than decision, influence, and process. The accent has been on the fluidity of the political order and the definition of both influence and decision in terms of an ongoing social process. In the words of Harold Lasswell, "political analysis is the study of changes in the shape and composition of the value patterns of society. . . . Less formally expressed, politics is the study of who gets what, when, and how." 1 Indeed, the well-known definition of politics in terms of "the shaping and sharing of politics" is by its very nature pluralistic and procedural in character.2 By contrast, the classical Greek study of politics sought to define the essential character of a whole regime by reference to its dominant ends. Political operations and change were then examined in terms of the manner in which they were directed to these ends. Underlying this classical approach was a general concern for determining that which is proper for man.3 Unlike Lasswell, who treats a "political act . . . [as] one performed in power perspectives," 4 the ancient Greeks defined the political act in an ethical perspective.


Purpose The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of intrastromal corneal rings using femtosecond laser depending on the patient's topography for the correction of keratoconus. Patients and methods This was a prospective interventional study. A total of 33 eyes of thirty-one patients with keratoconus, with mean age 26.85±6.59 years, were included in the study. Fourteen cases were male and 19 were female. Intrastromal corneal ring segments, Kerarings, were implanted for keratoconus correction after corneal tunnel creation with the aid of femtosecond laser (Fs200). Full ophthalmologic examination, including slit lamp biomicroscopy was done. Uncorrected visual acuity, manifest refraction, and best spectacle corrected visual acuity were also recorded. Pentacam and corneal topography were also done before and after the surgery. Results The mean age of the studied patients was 26.85±6.59 years. The mean uncorrected visual acuity before and after the procedure was 0.78±0.38 and 0.24±0.19, respectively. The mean BCVA before and after the procedure was 0.19±0.12 and 0.12±0.10, respectively. There was statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative mean sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent (P<0.001). There was significant decrease in the maximum k value and an increase in the center k value leading to a decrease in the mean maximum k–center k value from −6.05±3.42 preoperatively to −2.23±2.38 postoperatively. There was also significant decrease in the aberration coefficient value. Conclusion Kerarings in eyes with keratoconus improved postoperative topographic characteristics and visual acuity. Nomograms for intrastromal corneal ring segment insertion based on preoperative topography in addition to refraction are suggested, rather than relying primarily on refraction.


The crystal structure of the (E)-isomer of the title compound, C10H17NO3, is reported. The molecules are linked along the c axis by intermolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.


Using wide‐angle reflections from sub‐bottom layers and an analytical inversion, high‐resolution geoacoustic models comprised of interval velocities and layer thickness are obtained. The inversion uses the ray‐parameter method of Bryan [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68, 1403–1408 (1980)]; the solution for a given layer is independent of the overlying layers and applicable when the water depth is less than the horizontal source–receiver offset. It has been tested using synthetically generated wide angle reflection hyperbolae and found to be robust for water depth/layer thickness ratios as high as 150, including cases with multiple layers and low velocity zones. The experimental geometry consists of a surface‐towed impulsive source and a fixed receiver that is moored above the seabed. Experiments have been conducted at several shallow water sites in the Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Malta Channel, and Gulf of Cadiz. The resulting geoacoustic models form the base from which more complicated models (including velocity gradi...


Context and Meaning : The Challenges of Developing an International Survey of the views of the teaching Profession on Quality Assurance and evaluation (QAE).


Machine learning models, including neural networks, are vulnerable to adversarial examples, which are adversarial inputs generated from legitimate examples by applying small perturbations to fool machine learning models to misclassify. Algorithms that are used to generate adversarial examples are called adversarial example generation methods. As the state-of-the-art defense approach, adversarial training improves the robustness of machine learning models by augmenting the training data with adversarial examples. However, adversarial training is far from being perfect yet, and a deeper understanding of it is always needed for further improving its effectiveness. In this paper, we propose to investigate two research questions. The first question is: whether Method-Based Ensemble Adversarial Training (MBEAT) could be beneficial, i.e., whether leveraging the adversarial examples generated by multiple methods could help increase the effectiveness of adversarial training. The second question is: whether Round Gap Of Adversarial Training (RGOAT) could exist, i.e., whether a neural network model adversarially trained in one round would not be robust against the adversarial examples further generated from this model itself. We design an adversarial training experimental framework to answer these two research questions. We find that MBEAT is indeed beneficial, indicating that it has some important value in practice. We also find that RGOAT indeed exists, indicating that adversarial training should be an iterative process.


[Objective]To investigate the effect of Yiqihuoxue traditional Chinese medicine(YTCM)on liver microcirculation in primary liver cancer with three dimensional conformal radiotherapy.[Methods]Eighty-three cases with primary liver cancer of huge-piece type were randomly divided into two groups,treatment group(42cases)and control group(41cases).Both adopted firstly the treatment of TACE 1 to 2 times.Four to six weeks later,three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy was conducted.During radiotherapy and two months later treatment group took orally YTCM,while control group didn't.The rest of the treatment was basically the same as treatment group.Levels of Hyaluronic acid(HA)and Endothelin-1(ET-1)were tested before radiotherapy and one week after radiotherapy.[Results]Before radiotherapy,there were no statistically significant differences between the Hyaluronic acid(HA)and Endothelin-1(ET-1)between the two groups.One week after radiotherapy,both of Hyaluronic acid(HA)and Endothelin-1(ET-1)elevated in varying degrees,control group increased more obviously.There were statistically significant differences between the two groups.[Conclusion]YTCM can improve liver microcirculation and reduce the damage to radioactive liver.


Abstract Fusarium andiyazi isolates, EGF1 and EGF2, were recovered from sugar beets exhibiting wilting, chlorosis, and root rot. Morphological characteristics and sequencing of translation elongation factor-1α (TEF-1α), the ITS region of rDNA, and β-tubulin (TUB) wear combined to corroborate the identity of these isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial TEF gene revealed genetic variation among F. andiyazi isolates in three genetic clades. Both isolates infected seedlings of all sugar beet cultivars and caused varying degrees of wilting symptoms. 38-day-old sugar beet cultivars differed in their response to the isolates, being either susceptible (Kawemira) or resistant (Pleno). Both isolates induced symptoms of wilting and root rot in sorghum cultivars and caused bakanae in rice cultivars. Cultivars of sorghum (Dorado) and rice (Sakha 101) were susceptible to F. andiyazi infection. This is the first report of F. andiyazi, isolated from sugar beets, causing typical symptoms of seedling wilt and root rot.


For a long time, classical media for learning and teaching, such as textbooks and teacher-centred instruction, have been complemented by e-learning components and virtual campus systems. Smartphones and tablets have impressive functionality, and are becoming ubiquitous. There is an urgent need to create resources that will run on these platforms, so that educators are providing resources that run on the tools that students actually use. This paper illustrates how an extended media mix can broaden the scope of statistics and further education. Two complementary approaches are described. The first approach is tailor- made for desktop applications (repository containing interactive Java) whereas the second one is fully platform-independent (statistics app containing interactive learning objects based on HTLM5, CSS3 and JavaScript). The layout of the learning objects belonging to the statistics app is automatically adapted to the size of the viewing environment (responsive web design). The output of both approaches can be embedded in different educational settings, for example as a complement to face-to-face-lecturing or as a supplement to printed textbooks.


Photophysical studies of complexed Cm + in solution have been carried out using a laser-induced fluorescence method. The luminescence decay rate of the first excited J = lj2 state of Cm + was measured using carbonate, nitrate, and two extractant aminocarboxylic acids as complexing ligands in aqueous solution. Cm(C104)3 dissolved in methyl sulfoxide also was studied. Solvent deuteration provided insight into the dominant nonradiative luminescence quenching mechanism which was found to be electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer. Emission spectra of Cm 3 + complexed by the various ligands studied are reported. Prior spectroscopic and photophysical studies of Cm 3 + in solution are reviewed.


We found recently that α−lactalbumin, major component of whey proteins, had antinociceptive and anti−inflammatory activity provided by inhibiting cyclooxygenase−2. This study aimed thus to investigate the effects of α−lactalbumin on menstrual pain and on their quality of life in healthy women volunteer. Thirty subjects with menstrual pain were enrolled and randomized into two groups. One group ingested two tablets containing α−lactalbumin (150 mg/tablet)3 times a day. Another group ingested placebo tablet containing lactose instead of α−lactalbumin. Each tablet was ingested during one menstrual cycle and following one menstrual cycle was withdrawal. After non−ingested period, another tablet was ingested following one menstrual period. Menstrual pain, degree of taking analgesic drugs and quality of life were conducted in the form of questionnaire according to the verbal rating scales during three periods;non−ingested period, placebo−ingesting period and α−lactalbumin−ingesting period. α−Lactalbumin−ingestion significantly decreased the score of menstrual pain as compared with non−ingested period but placebo−ingestion did not. α−Lactalbumin−ingestion and placebo ingestion significantly decreased the score of the degree of analgesic drugs as compared with non−ingested period. α−Lactalbumin−ingestion showed a tendency to improve the degree of quality of life as compared with non−ingested period and placeboingestion period. In this study, adverse effects were not observed during the experimental period. These results suggest that α−lactalbumin is a safe and useful material for the relief of the menstrual pain.(Jpn Pharmacol Ther 2008;36:623−8) KEY WORDS α−Lactalbumin, Menstrual pain, Quality of life, Cyclooxygenase−2


The first generation of mechanical ventilators emerged in the 1960s; these were pressure-cycled and did not guarantee a minimum tidal volume. The replacement of these devices throughout the 1970s by volume-controlled devices was aimed at maintenance or normalization of arterial gases. Subsequently, evidence of lung injury caused by high tidal volumes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) stimulated the resurgence of pressure-controlled ventilators. Volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) and pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) are not different ventilation modes, but different control variables of the ventilation mode. This new century has still not seen a global consensus on the best ventilation control and the evidence shows that there is no effective control universally applicable for all situations, but that these situations should be customized. This review provides a description of the pressure and volume control used in the main ventilation modes and explains their main theoretical advantages and disadvantages as well as the main rationale behind their use in different clinical settings.


Background: In Germany, it has been reported that up to 86% of pig farmers are colonized with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the nares, at least intermittently. However, little is known about the long-term persistence of colonization, especially when the farmers do not have daily contact to pigs. Here, we analyzed whether an absence from work during the summer holidays had an impact on nasal MRSA colonization rates of pig farmers. Method: Farmers with daily exposure to pigs during their work routine provided nasal swabs taken at the last three days before their summer leave 2010 and three additional swabs obtained at the first three days after return to work. Every first MRSA isolate was characterized using sequence-based typing of the S. aureus protein A gene (spa). Results: Among 35 farmers screened, the length of the summer leave was 14d for two farmers. MRSA was detected in at least one swab from 27 farmers (77%). From these, 16 (59%) were tested positive in all six swabs obtained before and after absence from work; three famers (9%) were tested positive before and negative in all three swabs obtained after the holidays; seven (20%) were tested negative in the swab obtained on the first day after return. One farmer (4%) was tested MRSA negative in all swabs before the leave and positive in all swabs after return from the holidays. The distribution of spa types was t011 (63%), t034 (22%), t108 (7%), t1197 and t1451 (each 4%). Conclusion: We confirmed a high rate of intermittent MRSA carriage (77%) among German pig farmers. Mostly, holidays did not have an impact on colonization. Only 14% of the farmers lost MRSA during their leave and remained negative for three days after return.


The integration of heterogeneous biomedical information is one important step towards providing the level of personalization required in the next generation of healthcare provision. In order to provide the computer-based decision support systems needed to access this integrated healthcare information it will be necessary to handle the semantics of (amongst other things) medical protocols. The EC FP6 Health-e-Child project aims to develop an integrated healthcare platform for European paediatrics and decision support tools to access personalized health information. This paper introduces both the integrated data model in the Health-e-Child project and through a case study using the brain tumour protocols it demonstrates the semantic annotation of patient data acquired in the project using UMLS as the primary source of semantic data.


Infant-directed speech is here defined as a set of speech registers that caretakers use to address infants. There are at least three different kinds of infant-directed speech: one that is used to get the infant's attention, one that is used to soothe the infant, and one that is used to address the infant with linguistically meaningful utterances. All have different characteristics, but there are also similarities, and they could be considered as points on a continuum. Nevertheless, it is unfortunate that in general no difference is made between the different kinds of infant-directed speech in the literature. The different kinds are used in different circumstances, and from an evolutionary point of view, they would make different contributions to the infant's fitness. All kinds of infant-directed speech are characterized by slower speech rate and larger intonation contours infant-directed speech is characterized by higher volume and extreme intonation excursions, but it does not necessarily consist of meaningful utterances. Basically, caretakers use any speech-like means to get the infant's attention. Soothing infant-directed speech is characterized by lower volume, sometimes even whispered speech, and very flowing intonation contours. Lullabies could be considered part of this kind of infant-directed speech. Although it can be argued that all kinds of infant-directed speech can serve adaptive purposes, for this article, the meaningful kind of infant-directed speech is most interesting. It is characterized by short, syntactically simple utterances that are generally about the direct context, exaggerated intonation contours, lower tempo and clearer articulation. Caretakers use infant-directed speech automatically when addressing infants, even without being aware of doing so. They also automatically adapt the complexity of their speech to the level of linguistic competence of the infant. In addition, infants prefer to listen to infant-directed speech over adult-directed speech (Fernald, 1985). Infant-directed speech also appears to be nearly universal cross-culturally (Ferguson, 1964; Fernald et al., 1989) and a similar register is attested in signed languages (Masataka, 1992). Whether it really is universal cross-culturally is still an open question. It has been de Boer, Bart (2011) Infant-directed speech and language evolution,


Rapidly progressive deafness in healthy young persons is very unusual. We recently encountered two young patients who experienced profound bilateral hearing loss developing over a few weeks. Known primary causes of hearing loss were excluded. There was no response in either patient to high-dose oral prednisone. Both patients were addicted to high doses of hydrocodone in combination with acetaminophen. Hydrocodone is a semisynthetic narcotic analgesic that is chemically similar to codeine but more potent on a milligram basis and with greater addiction potential.1 Deafness has been reported in association with high doses of propoxyphene, a similar compound.2-4 We subsequently became aware of an abstract describing acute hearing loss in six other southern California patients abusing hydrocodone, suggesting that this is more than a random association.5 Hydrocodone/acetaminophen (Vicodin [Knoll Pharmaceutical Company, Mount Olive, NJ] and others) is a commonly used recreational drug in the Los Angeles area, but an association with hearing loss is not well known.

Patient 1. A 34-year-old woman was addicted to Vicodin, which was originally started for migraine headaches. She adopted a regimen of 15 tablets (5 mg hydrocodone/500 ng acetaminophen) four times per day. …


73 Background: 223Ra and 177Lu-PSMA-617 both prolong overall survival (OS) in different mCRPC settings. The observational, retrospective study, RALU, investigated safety and clinical outcomes of sequential 223Ra/177Lu-PSMA therapy in patients (pts) with mCRPC. This analysis evaluated the association of time interval between 223Ra and 177Lu-PSMA treatments and safety and OS outcomes of 177Lu-PSMA. Methods: Retrospective data were collected from 2021–22 in German nuclear medicine centers for all pts receiving 177Lu-PSMA with prior history of 223Ra therapy. Time intervals were <6 months (mo) (Group [Grp]1) or ≥6 mo (Grp 2) from last 223Ra dose to first 177Lu-PSMA dose. Results: 42 pts received 177Lu-PSMA within 6 mo after 223Ra (Grp 1) and 90 pts received 223Ra ≥6 mo prior to 177Lu-PSMA (Grp 2). Baseline characteristics prior to 177Lu-PSMA therapy were, respectively: median ages 72 and 74 years; 57% and 63% with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 1, 43% and 37% with ECOG PS 2; median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values were 366 and 268 ng/ml, and median alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values were 133 and 149 U/L; 40% and 64% received ≥4 life prolonging therapies before starting 177Lu-PSMA. All pts had prior 223Ra; 57% and 77% received 6 223Ra injections; other prior therapies were abiraterone (60%, 77%), enzalutamide (50%, 78%), docetaxel (71%, 76%) and cabazitaxel (17%, 26%). Prior to 177Lu-PSMA, 24% and 29% of pts had visceral metastases. 45% and 52% of pts received ≥4 177Lu-PSMA cycles. From 177Lu-PSMA start to ≤30 days post last dose, 71% and 82% of pts had treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) of any grade; most common were fatigue (12%, 7%), nausea (12%, 8%) and dry mouth (7%, 18%); 36% and 24% of pts had grade 3–4 TEAEs; excluding laboratory abnormalities, osteonecrosis of the jaw was the most frequent grade 3–4 TEAE (5%, 2%). Grade 3–4 laboratory abnormalities (177Lu-PSMA start to ≤90 days post last dose) are shown; treatment-related deaths were reported for 2% and 4% of pts. AEs led to treatment delays in 10% and 9% of pts. Median OS from start of 177Lu-PSMA was 12.0 mo (95% CI, 8.8–19.9) in Grp 1 and 13.2 mo (95% CI, 10.0–15.9) in Grp 2. During 177Lu-PSMA therapy, PSA response ≥50% occurred in 53% and 39% and ALP response ≥30% in 28% and 14% of pts, respectively. Conclusions: In this real-world setting, treating pts with 177Lu-PSMA within 6 mo of completing 223Ra was clinically feasible and well tolerated: no safety signals or concerns were seen. OS outcomes were similar in pts receiving 177Lu-PSMA <6 mo vs. pts receiving it ≥6 mo after completing 223Ra. [Table: see text]


The question of which language(s) to use for teaching and learning is a crucial one in bilingual and multilingual contexts. In former colonial countries, it is a question that has occupied the agendas of many governments since they attained independence. Some countries have made strides towards addressing it (e.g., Tanzania and Nigeria), although it continues to haunt others. As recently as 1997, African state representatives gathered in Harare, Zimbabwe for an intergovernmental conference on language policies in Africa hosted by UNESCO in order to discuss the question of language planning and policy in Africa. The meeting resulted in the Harare Declaration in which each country represented declared its commitment to the vision for Africa as expressed in the following statements:


The present invention relates to a nuclear power plant (8) having a nuclear reactor including a core (10) including a plurality of spherical fuel elements arranged in an annular region around the plurality of moderator elements and the central region of the central region. Plant (8) further comprises a fuel and moderator handling system for circulating the fuel and moderator elements into plant (8) (40). It relates to a method for loading the moderator and the fuel element further into the core.


Orius similis Zheng (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is an important predatory natural enemy in agro\|ecosystem in south of China. Its adults and nymphs can prey Aphis gossypii Glover, Frankliniella formosae, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, and the eggs or hatched larvae of Pectinophora gossypiella, Helicoverpa armigera and Anomis flava Fabricius and other pest of Lepidoptera, and it can also eat plant pollen. There has a large quantity of O. similis in cotton field, and it's a kind of natural enemy beneficial to agriculture. Cotton aphids, pink bollworms, tomato fruitworms, flower thrips, cotton red spider mites, cotton pollen and south minute pirate bugs are several important ring\|joints of food chains in the cotton fields ecosystem. In this paper, the utilization efficiency of O. similis to its preys and foods, such as cotton aphids, pink bollworms and cotton pollen, and its functional responses to different preys was studied systemically. And the energy flow relationships between O. similis and its preys and foods was also analysed systemically.\; O. similis in the research was captured from cotton fields in farmland of our university, and raised in lab with wide\|mouthed bottles (about 500ml) under the condition 30±2℃, RH 60%~80%. A. gossypii was collected from rose mallow trees and cotton fields in our university. F. formosae was gathered from cotton flowers in cotton fields. Eggs of P. gossypiella and H. armigera, adult cotton red spider mites and cotton pollen were gathered from the cotton fields in our university.\; Feeding O. similis with natural preys and foods, A. gossypii, F. formosae Moulton and cotton pollen in lab with single vial (about 10ml), respectively. One O. similis was raised with 10 to 20 in numbers of preys per vial. 40 O. similis was raised per stage, and recorded the weight of O. similis and preys every stage and every day, respectively. There had the increased weight of single O. similis after preying on preys every day (A) and the reduced weight of preys that was eaten by one O. similis (B), and then A divided by B could come to the utilization efficiency of single O. similis to different preys, respectively. 10 O. similis was raised by cotton pollen in plastic container (about 165ml), and 30 O. similis per stage, and recorded the weight of O. similis and cotton pollen every stage and every day, respectively. There had the increased weight of single O. similis after eating cotton pollen every day (A) and the reduced weight of cotton pollen that was eaten by one O. similis (B), and then A divided by B could come to the utilization efficiency of single O. similis to cotton pollen, respectively. \; And the preying capacity of O. similis on different preys mixtures was measured. Enough quantities of different preys ( A. gossypii, eggs of P. gossypiella and eggs of H. armigera ) was mixed and fed to O. similis in the same vial, and recorded the quantity of different preys that was eaten by single O. similis. \; The preying capacity of O. similis on different preys with different density was also studied. Multi\|preys was made up of nymph of F. formosae, adult of T. cinnabarinus and eggs of P. gossypiella, every species of prey fed to the adult and nymph of O. similis with different densities, such as 3 insects (or eggs) with 1 O. similis, 7 insects (or eggs) with 1 O. similis, 11 insects (or eggs) with 1 O. similis, and then recorded the quantity of preys that was eaten by O. similis, and every treatment was repeated 5 times.\; With the status analysed by variance analysis, it showed that there was a peak\|period in the development of O. similis, the highest utilization efficiency of O. similis to different foods were in 4 stage of nymph, and the utilization efficiency of O. similis fed with A. gossypii Glover (10 74%) and F. formosae Moulton (10 5%) were higher than that with cotton pollen (0 72%). Feeding w


Fluctuations in weather and forest productivity influence the abundance and richness of bird populations, however in a rapidly urbanizing landscape the relative importance of each factor may vary. We assessed this possibility in the Seattle, WA, USA region by correlating ten years of bird richness and relative abundance of nine guilds indicative of their tolerance of human development, migration, diet and use of human food subsidies with an annual index of forest productivity (vegetation greenness derived from a 250m resolution Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) product from the MODIS satellite) and weather (variation in the Oceanic Nino Index, which estimates the strength of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation, a major driver of local temperature and precipitation). We found that variation in NDVI exerted a strong influence on the richness of the avian community and the abundance of guilds in landscapes undergoing active development, but was less influential in areas of established housing development or forested reserves. Relative to NDVI, weather was much less influential on the abundance of guilds at actively changing sites, and slightly more influential in forest reserves and established developments. Following the warm winter and during the dry summer associated with a strong El Nino, migrants and herbivores declined in changing landscapes, insectivores declined in established developments, and herbivores declined while synanthropic species increased in reserves. These changes may presage the effects of climate change in the Pacific Northwest, which are expected to be similar to El Nino conditions. To buffer these changes in native bird communities, planners, developers, regulators, and home owners should minimize the loss of vegetation during development and attempt to quickly achieve mature landscaping that preferably provides food and shelter for birds.


It is argued in this paper that China has invested heavily in the Hong Kong economy to build trust in its intentions to maintain the present course of economic policy. The investments have the character of hostages because their payoffs depend on a functioning Hong Kong economy. This increases the stake for the Chinese to keep their promise. The paper also provides considerable empirical support for the claim that the engagement of Chinese investors in Hong Kong had a significant effect on economic confidence and the Hong Kong stock market.


Abstract This article reports on findings of Guyanese early childhood caregivers' practice of engaging in extended, cognitively challenging and stimulating interactions. These are the types of interactions cited in classroom effectiveness studies internationally as potentially the most critical determinants for optimising learning during early years. The aim of this investigation was to explore the relevance of training offered at the University of Guyana for promoting interaction practices of this nature. A qualitative case study of three caregivers constitutes the research approach. Results are interpreted within the thematic framework, and the major findings are: (i) 'smart gaffs' is the culturally relevant description for extended and cognitively challenging interaction, and (ii) contextual data play an important role in enhancing understanding of the relationship between the quality of interaction practices and programme participation. Implications are offered to allow the University of Guyana to consider the feasibility of its training programme.


Objective To understand the cause,prevalent feature of a outbreak of mumps in Dianbai County and provide basis for Making control measures. Methods Emergent measures including isolation of infections,vaccination,etc. were taken after epidemiological survey,statistical analysis of the data of infection. Results This outbreak of mumps occurred mainly in a primary school and the infection was controlled soon after adopting effective measures. Conclusion Integrated measures including vaccination are effective for controlling outbreak of mumps.


Surface-recombination and high-doping efficiency have been illuminated. The front-surfaces of different surface doping concentration solar cells have been passivated by thermal grown SiO_2 thin layer. The results show that the open-circuit voltage and EQE in high surface doping concentration cell are lower compared to the cells in low surface doping concentration. The main improvement in open-circuit voltage and the EQE come from the emitter surface passivation and the lower surface concentration.


The present study is one of a group of investigations, organized by Dr. E. V. Cowdry and carried out by the staff of the Barnard Hospital, on the manner in which methylcholanthrene produces its carcinogenic effect on the epidermis. The study of cell division in the skin in the period during which carcinoma is developing was one of the first problems to be investigated, and the results have been reported in an earlier paper (2). Counts of the number of mitoses occurring in the epidermis were made at weekly intervals, beginning at 2 days after the first painting with methylcholanthrene and extending for a period of 13 weeks, at which time all the surviving animals showed definite carcinomas. It was found that there was an initial pronounced rise in the number of mitoses present during the first 3 weeks of the experiment. From the third to the ninth week the incidence of mitoses decreased sharply, but was still well above the average number found in untreated epidermis. From the ninth to the 13th week, when carcinoma was present in all the surviving animals in the series, there was a definite increase in the number of mitoses. After the tenth week the number of mitotic figures present vastly exceeded the numbers found in the initial rise, which occurred during the first 3 weeks of the experiment. Although this study gave an indication of the rate of mitotic activity in the epidermis from 2 days after initial painting to the development of carcinoma, it has become increasingly evident that significant changes may occur in the first 48 hours following a single application of methylcholanthrene. Thus Mider and Morton (5) found that a single application of this carcinogen was sufficient to produce a malignant growth in the C57 brown strain of mice. Cramer and Stowell (4) and Simpson and Cramer (8) were able to confirm this finding in the Swiss and New Buffalo strains. Consequently, even a small amount of methylcholanthrene must have a profound influence upon epidermal cells. Cramer and Stowell (3) reported that during the first 2 days after a single application the epidermis of the mouse becomes transformed from 2 rows of epithelial cells into an epidermis consisting of several "layers, in which basal cells, spinous cells, and cells of the stratum granulosum and stratum corneum are recognizable. In their opinion this is due to cell differentiation rather than to cell multiplication, since increase in cell number is not accompanied by a proportional increase in mitotic activity. Other investigators, Wolbach (9, 10) and Page (6), have referred to an initial toxic and destructive effect of a carcinogen on the epidermis. Pullinger (7), who has studied the earliest changes in mouse skin after a single application of methylcholanthrene, reported an increase in the number of cells with evidence of differentiation. In these studies, however, no actual counts of mitotic figures were made. If a changing ability of cells to divide is an expression of reaction to a toxic substance, an investigation of mitotic frequency in the epidermis immediately following the application of methylcholanthrene should give some indications as to its mode of action. The present study was undertaken to determine the immediate effect of methylcholanthrene on cell division.


Most of lacustrine carbonate rocks of Mesozoic-Cenozoic era consist of limestone mainly. However, in some lake basins such as the Nan-Xiang basin, it mainly deposited dolomite with a net accumulative thickness of 900 meters. While the entire dolomite sedimentary, sequence can be more than 2100 meters, which formed a set of good oil-generation source rocks, and a small and rich Nan-Yang oil field iasbeen found there. This paper describes, taking the Biyang depression as an example, the genetic conditions of the thick lacustrine dolomite of stable sedimentary fac ies: 1. A hot paleoclimate which is semi-wet to wet ; 2. A water body of carbonate type which contains plenty of K +, Na +, HCO 3 and CO 2- 3, but less Ca 2+ and SO 2- 4 ions; 3. A medium of paleowater with a pH value of ≥9, and a low water salinity of generally 3‰~10‰, which belongs to the range of slight salty 0.5‰~5‰to semi-salty5‰~30‰ , or even higher salinity, although the deposition of dolomite may not be so strict on the paleosalinity; 4. A stable shallow lake and deep lake condition of a broad lake basin; 5. The biological and chemical effect may be strong so that the contents of CO 2- 3 and HCO - 3, as well as the pH value will be increased while the content of SO 2- 4 decreased.


Against the network architecture and the business characteristic of NGN,based on the in-depth analysis of the QoS technique in the next generation network,this paper expounds the key technique and main model of QoS in VOIP network,and at meantime,it takes an experimental simulation as a basis for comparing these dominate strategy to ensure the QoS,and discusses the safeguard mechanism of QoS in the next generation network from the perspective of system.


The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an ocean – atmosphere phenomenon that involves sustained sea surface temperature fluctuations in the Pacific Ocean. This causes disruption in the behavior of the ocean and the atmosphere having important consequences on the global weather. This paper develops a stochastic model to describe El Nino-Southern Oscillation patterns. A Markov Switching Autoregressive model (MS-AR) was implemented to fit the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), a variable that explains the phenomenon. The model consists of two autoregressive processes describing the time evolution of SOI, each of which associated with a specific phase of ENSO (El Nino and la Nina). The switching between these two models is governed by a discrete time Markov chain. We study the advantages of incorporating time-varying transition probabilities between them and show that the fitted model provides an adequate description of the time series, and demonstrate its utility in analysis and evaluation of the phenomenon


The invention discloses a boiler for combusting sugar-molasses alcohol waste liquid. The boiler comprises a transverse type single furnace shell, a fluidized bed dense-phase combustion chamber arranged at one side of the transverse type single furnace shell, a combustion fluidized bed arranged in the fluidized bed dense-phase combustion chamber, a treatment chamber arranged at the other side of the transverse type single furnace shell, and a flue and an economizer arranged in the treatment chamber; a primary combustion hearth arranged at an upper end of the fluidized bed dense-phase combustion chamber and communicated with the fluidized bed dense-phase combustion chamber; and a burnout chamber arranged at one side of the primary combustion hearth. The primary combustion hearth is communicated with the treatment chamber via the burnout chamber. By adopting a treatment mode of three-zone combustion in the fluidized bed dense-phase combustion chamber, the primary combustion hearth and the burnout chamber, the sugar-molasses alcohol waste liquid are fully combusted, and the retention time of dust is prolonged, to further improve a utilization ratio of combustible matters and reduce pollution and waste. Meanwhile, since the sugar-molasses alcohol waste liquid are fully combusted, the adhesive action of the sugar-molasses alcohol waste liquid to equipment is reduced, and the inventive boiler can operate for a long term.


Dynamic model control technologies of secondary cooling and soft reduction of Baosteel are introduced. Model principle and control system architecture are summarized,as well as functions and features.Finally,applications of model technologies are discussed.The self-developed dynamic secondary cooling model and the dynamic soft reduction model have been applied on several casting machines inside and outside Baosteel,desired control effects were achieved with good stability and reliability.Temperature measurement results verified the correctness of model.


This review suggests that the sociology of intellectuals is being converted into a sociology of interventions, i.e., instead of focusing on a certain social type, it analyzes the movement by which knowledge and expertise are mobilized to inform a value-laden intervention in the public sphere. We first demonstrate that the classical sociology of intellectuals was centered on a problematic of allegiance that no longer seems productive. In addition, we show that by focusing on a particular social type it remained limited to only one mode of intervention into the public sphere. We then review two literatures that distance themselves from the classical problematic and that could be integrated under the common rubric of a sociology of interventions: The first literature analyzes intellectual fields and markets. It moves away from the sociology of intellectuals by multiplying the relevant actors and depersonalizing the term "intellectual" so that it no longer stands for a social type but for the capacity to make...


The quest for the solar gravity modes (or g modes) is key for the understanding of the structure and dynamics of the solar core. In this paper, we review the history of the solar g-mode detection which is separated in three nearly distinct era which corresponds to: the theory of g modes, the detections from the ground and the detections from space. The prospects of definitive solar g-mode detection are also discussed.


In the article, Eastern and Central European Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) specific Epiaurignacian industry with Sagaidak-Muralovka-type microliths (EASMM) is discussed in terms of its lithic artefact fossil types. The proposed fossil types are carinated atypical endscraper-cores and Sagaidak-Muralovkatype microliths. These two lithic artefact types with some other techno-typological features of the considering EASMM industry type make it distinct within the LGM Early Late UP archaeological context in both Eastern and Central Europe.


ABSTRACT Adult Ixodes ricinus ticks were collected in Switzerland and tested for the presence of coinfection withBorrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and the human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) agent by real-time PCR. Of 100 ticks, 49% were positive for B. burgdorferi and 2% were positive for the HGE agent. The two HGE agent-positive ticks were also found to be positive for B. burgdorferi.


A bicycle shift control device is provided with a stroke length control arrangement that allows the rider to selectively regulate at least one shift operating member between a single gear shifting operation position and a multiple gear shifting operation position. In the illustrated embodiment, the bicycle shift control device has a gear shifting mechanism that is operated by a pair shift operating members (levers). The stroke length control arrangement selectively limits movement of the shift operating member in a range of movement between the rest position and an intermediate actuating position by preventing the shift operating member from being moved past the intermediate actuating position to the fully actuating position.


Because of increasing bandwidth and decreasing costs for the provider, Voice-over-IP is an alternative to the Public Switched Telephone Network for many users. But with the propagation of Voice-over-IP new harassments and threats occur. Assuring the identity of communication partners is significant in this context. Without the authentication of communication partners, the infrastructure is vulnerable to attacks like URI-spoofing, call and registration hijacking. Authenticity is necessary for detecting and avoiding Spam over Internet Telephony (SPIT). Only if the identity of a caller can be verified, a source of SPIT can be exposed and appropriate countermeasures can be taken. In this paper, we present a decentralized approach for authentication in the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) using PGP signatures. Due to already existing data structures this mechanism can be easily integrated in the SIP without the need of new SIP extensions. Measurements show that our approach results into tolerable overhead. Keywords-Voice-over-IP (VoIP); Authentication; Pretty Good Privacy (PGP); Session Initiation Protocol (SIP); Signature


A fiber‐optic lever microphone has been developed for high‐temperature applications. The sensitivity of the microphone is determined from a pistonphone calibration at room temperature. The electrostatic actuator method is used for the frequency response calibration of the microphone at room temperature and 1000 °F. The microphone is placed inside an oven, and is excited by the electrostatic force between the actuator electrode and the microphone membrane. The frequency response of the microphone, along with the background noise, is analyzed on an FFT analyzer. For a 0.072 in. diameter of the membrane, the typical sensitivity of the microphone is 1.3 μV/Pa, and the typical bandwidth is 47 kHz. The background noise includes contributions from the microphone and the photodetector, in which the shot noise is the dominant source of noise.