Objective To investigate clinical application of prophylactic uterine artery embolization(UAE) in obstetrical diseases. Methods A total of 17 patients(embolization group) with cesarean scar pregnancy, cervical pregnancy or placenta previa, who were encountered at the hospital during the period from Jan. 2007 to July 2012, were enrolled in the study. Prophylactic bilateral UAE was carried out before artificial abortion and curettage in all the 17 patients. Another 15 patients with cesarean scar pregnancy,cervical pregnancy or placenta previa, who had received curettage and medical abortion, were used as nonembolization group. The blood loss, complication and uterine reservation rate were recorded, and the results were compared between the two groups. Results Interventional procedure was successfully accomplished in all 17 patients of embolization group. The mean blood loss during curettage was only 20 ml, with no severe complications. During the follow-up period lasting 40-150 days the menstrual-cycle restored to normal. In non-embolization group, large amount of blood loss was seen in 4 cases, hysterectomy had to be carried out in 3 cases, and surgery-related complications occurred in 2 cases. Statistically significant differences in the volume of blood loss, occurrence of complications and uterine reservation rate existed between the two groups(P 0.01). Conclusion Prophylactic uterine artery embolization can reduce the amount of blood loss in uterine surgery, the incidence of complications and increase the uterine reservation rate in patients with cesarean scar pregnancy, cervical pregnancy or placenta previa. This technique is safe and effective with reliable results.


Background: Subarachnoid block (SAB) is the preferred anesthetic technique for elective caesarean deliveries. Local anaesthesia (LA) dose is the main determinant of its success. Anesthesia textbooks recommend bupivacaine in a dose of 11 to 15 mg; this is associated with incidence of maternal arterial hypotension resulting in maternal and neonatal morbidity. The goal of present study was to compare the intraoperative hemodynamics and vasopressors requirement using a low dose bupivacaine-fentanyl (5mg bupivacaine + 25 mcg fentanyl) in combined spinal–epidural technique (CSE) to a conventional dose of spinal bupivacaine (11mg) for parturient undergoing cesarean section. Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial enrolled sixty patients, who scheduled for elective caesarean sections and were randomized in two equal groups to receive either low dose in CSE (Study group) or conventional dose via SAB (Control group). MAP, pulse rate, requirement of Inj. ephedrine, time of onset of analgesia, highest level of SAB, requirement of additional IV analgesic, APGAR scores, conversion to GA and bromage score were noted. Results: Demographic variables and baseline parameters were comparable. Incidence of intraoperative hypotension in study and control group was 7 and 25 respectively with P-value < 0.0001. Mean intra-operative ephedrine required for hypotension in study and control group was 7 and 11.14 mg respectively with P-value 0.1331. Conclusion: Low dose bupivacaine-fentanyl spinal anesthetic in CSE technique had lesser incidence of hypotension and lower requirement of vasopressors compared to conventional dose of spinal bupivacaine. It also had quicker onset of action. Comparative evaluation of subarachnoid block with conventional dose Bupivacaine versus low


Nine polymorphic nuclear-gene (allozyme) loci were surveyed among 491 red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) sampled in 1988 and 1989 from nearshore localities in the northern Gulf of Mexico (Gulf) and the Atlantic coast of the southeastern United States (Atlantic). Data were combined with those from a previous study to generate a data set of 762 individuals representing 11 sample localities in the Gulf and 175 individuals representing five sample localities in the Atlantic. The combined data set included individuals from the 1986 and 1987 year classes and permitted rigorous testing of both temporal and spatial genetic heterogeneity. Average heterozygosity-per-locus values (estimated using 33 assumed monomorphic loci) were 0·048 (Gulf red drum) and 0·046 (Atlantic red drum). Tests of heterogeneity in allele frequencies between year classes at individual localities and across regions (Gulf and Atlantic) were non-significant. Tests of spatial (geographic) heterogeneity indicated that red drum are weakly subdivided: genetically-differentiated subpopulations occur in the northern Gulf and along the south-eastern Atlantic coast. Genetic data were consistent with the hypothesis that red drum within the Gulf and along the Atlantic coast comprise singie subpopulalions. Genetic differences between Gulf and Atlantic red drum seem likeiy to stem from historical or recent interactions between dispersal and impediments to gene flow.


I should like to begin by expressing my admiration and appreciation for the address Dr. Anne Carr has given us. It surveys the field, raises the questions, suggests some of the answers, and invites us to discussion—and all this in a truly scholarly and competent fashion. I feel privileged at being able to make a first response to a paper so representative of how theology should be done today. My remarks will begin with a short reflection on theological metahpor, then raise out of Dr. Carr's paper two central issues, one dealing with God, the other dealing with the world within which God is working.


Abstract In developing countries, banks are simply not present where the majority of poor people live and work. This imposes burdensome access costs on customers who need to travel to distant branches, so the majority of the population opts out from the formal banking system. Banking services can be offered through everyday stores that exist in every community and by new technology, particularly mobile communications networks. Banking regulations, however, impede such possibilities in many developing countries.


Blades of turbomachine are important components to produce power like turbines or pressure compressors working in a complicated condition with high pressure, high temperature and three dimensional air flows as well. The aeroelastic problem like flutter may occur during different working states. Flow-induced vibration of the blade with the coupling of bending and torsion is investigated to reveal the mechanism of flutters. Averaging method and power flow approach are used to demonstrate the flutter behaviours of interaction between an isolated blade and the quasi-steady flow. The relation between amplitudes and the frequency of blades vibration is given to predict flutters, which is beneficial to aeroelastic designs of the turbomachine.


Abstract  Studies were conducted to evaluate adult sugarcane root weevil (Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) survival, residence (location), feeding damage, and oviposition on sugarcane and woody plant species proximal to sugarcane grown in Florida. Adults survived longer feeding on lime (Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle) and Brazilian peppertree (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) foliage compared to sugarcane in a laboratory no-choice feeding test. Four sugarcane varieties and three woody plant species (Brazilian peppertree, castorbean (Ricinus communis L.), US-942 citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco 'Sunki' × Poncirus trifoliate L. 'Flying Dragon')) were evaluated in a greenhouse free-choice test. Adult residence and feeding damage were highest on Brazilian peppertree compared to the other species, although the feeding damage was not significantly different from US-942 citrus. There was little feeding damage on castorbean and sugarcane. Oviposition was observed on all sugarcane and woody plant species with exception of castorbean. Brazilian peppertree had the highest number of egg masses followed by US-942 citrus. Leaf tissue analysis showed that feeding preference of adults for Brazilian peppertree and US-942 citrus may be due to higher tissue concentration of plant nutrients compared to those of sugarcane. Woody plant surveys showed that Brazilian peppertree and castorbean had the highest frequency around Florida sugarcane. These results show that Brazilian peppertree is a preferred food source and oviposition site for adult weevils. Adults oviposit on sugarcane, but it is not a preferred food source since adult survival is reduced. Therefore, reduction of Brazilian peppertree near sugarcane fields is important in controlling the weevil in Florida sugarcane.


Meningococcal secreted proteins (MSPs) have been poorly characterized. We hypothesized that MSPs play essential roles in host–bacterial interactions and in the pathogenesis of disease. In order to test this, we examined differential host gene expression in human meningeal‐derived cells, in response to endotoxin‐depleted MSPs compared to live bacteria. Using expression arrays, upregulated expression of several pro‐inflammatory and apoptosis‐related genes was found to be induced by MSPs. The transcription and translation of representative genes was confirmed by using various methods. Increased interleukin 8 (IL‐8) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2) gene transcription was confirmed using real‐time PCR. Upregulated IL‐8, IL‐6, ICAM‐1 and COX‐2 protein expression were confirmed by ELISA, flow cytometry or Western immunoblots. Furthermore, exposure of cells to MSPs or live meningococci induced a small significant resistance effect to staurosporine‐induced apoptosis. Secreted meningococcal virulence factors are therefore important in inducing host inflammatory responses and resistance to apoptosis, and they are worthy of extensive investigation.


Part 1 Building the connections: housing markets, labour markets and discontinuity theory, Bill Randolph. Part 2 Understanding the connections: housing markets, labour markets and housing histories, Ray Forrest and Alan Murie labour migration and housing in the UK, John Salt housing markets and labour markets in the quartered city, Peter Marcuse the restructuring of work and home - productive and reproductive relations, Sophie Watson. Part 3 Mapping the connections: house price inflation and local labour market influences in Britain, Mike Coombes, et al labour markets, housing markets and social restructuring in a Global City - the case of London, Chris Hamnett producing a divided society - state policies and the management of change in housing and labour markets in a peripheral region, Ray Hudson housing the workers in Mrs Thatchers high-tech Utopia: housing markets and labour markets in Berkshire, James Barlow and Mike Savage replacing a surplus population - the employment and housing policies of the London docklands development corporation, Mark Goodwin.


The proposed Canal Bridge is a through arch bridge with 3 arches and a main span of 225 m. Introduced hereby is the lateral layout, overall calculation and the analysis of the bearing capacity of the concrete-filled steel tube arch ribs, the local stress of the arch block and the overall stability of the bridge.


The limitations of human language in talking about divine mysteries demands the use of symbols and images. Symbols have the capacity to open up various new realms of meaning. Through visible symbols invisible realities can be made accessible to human understanding. Symbols do not reduce the divine to a simple definition, rather they establish a link between the one who employs the symbols and the One symbolized. Thus, symbols reach up to the source of the reality that surpasses human grasp. They afford us a penetrating insight into the mystery of faith. In fact, this is why the Christian liturgy is permeated with symbolic expression. The biblical authors often made use of various symbols familiar to their readers. This is especially true with regard to the identity of the Spirit of God. To evoke the presence and activity of the Spirit, they articulated various symbols based on elements of the natural world—wind, breath, water, and fire. Beginning in the pages of Scripture, these symbols became helpful as believers sought to understand the Spirit's function in the divine salvific economy. In theology today, the various symbols of the Spirit continue to serve as a source of inspiration and insight for reflecting on the mystery of God's Holy Spirit. In this context, we return to the wide and rich symbolic vocabulary of early Syriac pneumatology, or theology of the Spirit. The Syriac writers understood well the communicative power of symbols and they pursued the biblical symbols and images to breathtaking limits. As Sebastian Brock notes, it is in the play of these biblical symbols and images that one can glimpse the heart of Syriac Christianity. Syriac writings such as the early second-century Odes of Solomon and the early third-century Acts of Thomas, employ common biblical symbols of the Spirit like wind, dove, and oil. In this article we concentrate on a symbolism that is a


We use a dual convolution to the classical convolution in L 1(ℝ+) to find other expressions to Fourier trigonometric convolutions. These convolutions are used to get trigonometric equalities and formulae with special functions.


This article shows the development of occupational structure to be governed by the system's tendency toward a dual ideal corresponding to the two basic work attitudes: one entailing the worker's involvement in the requirements of his functions as such, and the other his involvement in the actual needs of a concrete object of service. Both science and a certain nonprofessional element of the services are inferred to contain a germ of the ideal-an "anti-Weberian" (but at the same time "non-Durkheimian") pattern of stable and efficient societal organization of work. Significantly, the pattern is a self-sustaining one. It rules out certain social forces, such as societal ideologies, which are foreign to the nature of a particular activity; this trait distinguishes it from the "classical" medieval pattern. It also rules out direct coercion of the worker. The dual paradigm of the social system propounded here for theoretical ends may also provide a promising tool for analysis of various sociocultural phenomena.


Because post-conflict contexts are highly complex, the ways in which women both fit within accepted modern discourses of development and maneuver through more traditional systems of development and reconstruction are not fully understood. In Sierra Leone this dynamic is particularly true because of the small size of the population and the extended length of the conflict. Since the end of the civil war in 2002, transnational interventions have been highlighted as having successful programs that have been key in increasing stability in the country. Using the framework of women's reintegration successes, this research aims to show that much of the stability in the country can also be attributed to linkages between past socio-cultural and political practices and institutions. This research shows that these linkages are spaces of strategic manipulation which women use to increase their economic and social standing. I argue that these manipulations between discourses and practices of the past, the present, and the proposed future have contributed to new ways of identity formation for women in Sierra Leone. Explorations in secondary data and theory pertaining to gendered social transformation in post-conflict settings are further informed by two months of intensive fieldwork using ethnographic research methods of participant observation and informal interviews in Sierra Leone in the summer of 2008.


Dbf4 and the FHA1 domain of Rad53. Helix α0 is an integral part of the fold as it anchors itself to the BRCT core through hydrophobic interactions, thereby introducing the idea of BRCT domains being building blocks that can be decorated to form super-structures with broader binding specificities.


The overall characteristics of the solar and atmospheric neutrino oscillation are approximately consistent with a tribimaximal form of the mixing matrix U of the lepton sector. Exact tribimaximal mixing leads to θ13 = 0. However, recent results from Daya Bay and RENO experiments have established a nonzero value for θ13. Keeping the leading behavior of U as tribimaximal, we use a generalized Fridberg-Lee neutrino mass model along with a complementary ansatz to incorporate a nonzero θ13 along with CP violation. We generalize this model in two stages: In the first stage we assume μ− τ symmetry and add imaginary components which leads to nonzero phases. In the second stage we add a perturbation with real components which breaks the μ− τ symmetry and this leads to a nonzero value for θ13. The combination of these two generalizations leads to CP violation. Using only two of the experimental data, we can fix all of the parameters of our model and predict not only values for the other experimental data, which agree well with the available data, but also the masses of neutrinos and the CP violating phases and parameters. These predictions include the following: 〈mνe〉 ≈ (0.033− 0.037) eV , 〈mνμ〉 ≈ (0.043− 0.048) eV , 〈mντ 〉 ≈ (0.046 − 0.051) eV , and 59.21 ◦ . δ . 59.34


A method for the determination of cadmium in iron ore with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry after sulfhydryl cotton preconcentration was established.After the sample decomposed with aqua regia,cadmium in the sample was concentrated by sulfhydryl cotton in HCl medium,purged with 4mol/L boiled HCl which was saturated by NaCl,and then eluted with 0.001 mol/L of HCl.Subsequently,cadmium was determined with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry.The optimal equipment working conditions,absorption and elution conditions and optimal conditions for hydride generation were obtained by experiments.The allowable amounts of interference elements were also investigated.The results showed that the detection limit of this method was 0.05 μg/L,the linear range was 0.2-2.0 μg/L,the relative standard deviation(n=6)was 2.6-4.1%,and the recovery rate was 98.5%-104.0%.This method was applied to the determination of national standard sample and practical samples,and the results were accordant with the certified values.


This paper, which is part of a larger comparative project, outlines a conceptual framework for studying large-scale education reform across political jurisdictions. A great deal of comparative work on education reform is now being done, but this work often lacks a clearly articulated conceptual frame. This paper, based on studies of change in five jurisdictions in four countries--Canada, United States, England, New Zealand--develops a model of reform based on four interactive elements: origins (where particular reform proposals came from), adoption (how policies that are finally adopted or made into law differ from the one originally proposed), implementation (the model of implementation used by governments to move their reforms into practice), and outcomes (the available evidence as to the effects of reforms). Within each of these elements, questions and concepts from the relevant literature are developed with the intent of building a more comprehensive approach to the analysis of reform from political, organizational, and educational perspectives. (Contains 41 references.) (Author/DFR) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Conceptualizing the Process of Education Reform From An International Perspective Paper presented to the American Educational Research Association New Orleans April, 2000 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) VI-his document has been reproduced as received f om the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of document official 0 view or opinions stated in this do not necessarily represent ERI position or policy. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEM BEEN GRANTED BY Benjamin Levin, Ph.D. Deputy Minister Manitoba Education and Training 162 Legislative Building Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3C OV8 Ph: 204/945-3752 Fax: 204/945-8330 E-mail: email@example.com


The aim of this study was to separate phenol from Bio-Oil obtained from the pyrolysis of agricultural wastes (BAW). The BAW was obtained in one step catalytic pyrolysis in which temperature of the reactor was kept at 30°C and then increased up to 900°C. After pyrolysis, the BAW was distillated and analyzed by Gas chromatography and Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection (GC × GC/TOFMS) Where BAW showed the presence of more than 120 other important compounds and phenol. After detection, phenol was separated by solvent extraction method, where Ethyl ether (C4H10O), Caustic soda (NaOH) and Hydrochloric acid (HCl) were used to separate phenol from BAW and then Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was done to confirm the recovery of phenol.


Limited joint mobility syndrome (cheiroarthropathy) in the diabetic child Abstract The term diabetic cheiroarthropathy or limited joint mobility syndrome is used to describe joint mobility limitation of the hand associated to diabetes. It is characterized by contractures of one or more joints of the fingers, particularly affecting extension of the meta- carpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints. This study has aimed to review the bibliography related to the therapeutic options and to present a clinical case with the results of the chosen option. The case of a 12-year old girl with diabetes with painless contracture of proximal interp- halangeal joint of the 5th finger in both hands is presented. She was treated with kinesitherapy and orthotic braces. At 2 years of evolution, complete reduction of the right hand contracture and partial correction in the left one was achieved. Early and prolonged use of rehabilitation treatment seems to help the joint improvement. © 2011 Elsevier Espana, S.L. and SERMEF. All rights reserved.


This chapter aims to clarify and substantiate the problem definition of the railway terminus area redevelopment process by reviewing the node-place concept in the context of both the history of railway termini and the current state of knowledge in the study of the morphology and performance of railway station areas. The chapter is structured into two main parts. The first is a historical review of how railway termini have changed their roles since they were sited at the edge of cities until the present, when they find themselves surrounded by densely built up areas and are the central element in urban regeneration programmes across Europe. The review focuses on why it is necessary to create places out of transport nodes like railway termini, and examines how the termini have paradoxically gained an increasing role as nodes over time but have often caused scars and urban blight witihn cities. In order to clarify the scope of most railway terminus area redevelopment projects that have happened recently, at the end of the historical review the evolution of railway termini, as well as their development potential, is summarised as a chronological node-place diagrammatic framework. The first part ends with a review of some recent railway station projects across Europe, in which the redevelopment, intended to unite the termini and their related structures with the urban surroundings and hence to turn the whole into a vibrant place, has achieved different outcomes. This thesis thus argues that the redevelopment process is far more complicated and requires more understanding of urban morphology and its implications for the performance of railway station areas than the overarching strategic planning and management frameworks as proposed by Bertolini and Spit (1998).


A new method based on evolved Powell algorithm was proposed to increase the timeliness and precision of predictive guidance affected by the jamming deriving from environment for reusable launch vehicles,searching for the optimal control value increment through predicting the land point error and performance index.Based on no-constraint extremum theory,this nonlinear optimal problem with multi constraints was simplified into that with no constraint.The search process in multi dimensions was simplified into that in one dimension by the evolved Powell algorithm.Through replacing the direction vector by the optimal one,optimal control value increment was searched in the direction which was the fastest convergence direction of the performance index function.The complexity of algorithm has been decreased and the ability of self-adapt has been increased.Simulation results showed this method has highly increased the timeliness and precision of guidance system when compared with simplex algorithm,great practical value in engineering of this method was also showed.


The definition of the term 'environment' is a key issue in environmental law. The broader the definition, the wider the field of environmental law. In order to substantiate the term, some legal orders define it comprehensively, while others do not. In the absence of an Environmental Law Code (Umweltgesetzbuch), the German legal order does not. However, with judicial means of interpretation the author analyses the German understanding of the term. As a result the author concludes that 'environment' in Germany at present means: medial – water, soil and atmospheric air; vital – humans, animals and plants; natural-cultural – landscapes; objective – certain material property, and integrative – the observance of the interaction between these components. As a comparative interpretation of the term indicates, this meaning is consistent with European Union environmental law.


This thesis concentrates on the design of new algorithms for fault-tolerant systems based on system-level hardware masking redundancy. It is argued that any system in which a reliability improvement of at least a factor 100 is required should be based on system-level hardware masking redundancy. The technique of system-level hardware masking redundancy is applicable in a redundant system consisting of a number of processors, in which the system services are replicated on the different processors, and provides resilience to a limited number of faulty processors in the system. The technique is most effective in a distributed system, since the autonomous nature and geographical distribution of the processors in such a system largely contribute to achieve independency between failures of different processors, which improves the reliability of the system.


More and more often, we become painfully aware that our planet has grown much smaller. Not in the sense that it cannot hold all of us—quite the contrary— but because almost everything that happens concerns and affects every one of us. To a great extent, the problems of each country and each society become the problems of many other countries and societies. This interdependence is confirmed daily on many levels: political, economic, military, and even in the daily life of the citizen. Indeed, those who speak of the global village are not far from the truth. At the same time, many of the constants of the previous century are undergoing change that leads to fluidity and uncertainty. The situation is exacerbated by the fact that we live in a time of transformation not yet crystallized. It is an environment shaped by the pressure of new factors, such as 1. the historic upheaval following the collapse of the political and economic systems of the former communist countries, 2. the tragic events of 11 September and the geopolitical uncertainty they produced, and 3. the need to recognize emerging states and address the survival of a large part of the planet's population. Within this complex reality of globalization, we are faced with the need to resolve the huge problem of our planet's security with new methods, since everything —i deologies, values, and political and socioeconomic assumptions and trends—is subject to the need for redefinition and redirection. As


Objectives: Given that pregnancy health information seeking is common and considered impactful on health outcomes, the potential lack of fair and clear information within media may be an impediment towards women developing their own agency and working towards the transformation and betterment of their own outcomes. Setting: The USA has the worst maternal mortality rate of any developed country. Women's opinions are shaped and informed by public media and discourse; therefore, a critical look at how public media texts support women's agency is of significance. Method: Reducing maternal mortality requires more than just effective health interventions. This paper uses critical discourse analysis to examine two samples of widely viewed public discourse around the issue of US maternal mortality and reveals the murky and polarised dialogue contained in each. Results: The two samples may be representative of a larger lack of clarity in US discourse about maternal mortality, a body of discourse which – to the detriment of women's maternal morbidity and mortality outcomes – subtly but powerfully either declines to admit mistakes or uses polarising, overly simplified language. Conclusion: Recognising the polarised dialogue surrounding maternal mortality and working towards a more reasoned discussion of the issue at hand may promote women's advocacy and provide potentially better outcomes.


Objective To explore the effects of a potential anti-oxidative plant, Erigeron multiradiatus (Asteraceae), plant materials from naturally distributed high-altitude populations at different stages of life cycle were collected. Methods Fifteen extracts obtained from the Ganzi region (Sichuan, China) were studied to assess their radical- scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and reducing power ability. Moreover, considering that anti-oxidants and free radical scavengers can also exert protective effect on endothelial cells from oxidative injury, these extracts were also evaluated for their anti-oxidative activity against cellular injury in the cultured human endothelial cell line (ECV304) induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Results All the extracts had radical-scavenging and/or reducing power ability, and the most active extract was found during flowering whereas the lowest appeared during vegetative growth period. The accumulation of anti-oxidative compounds was found to be affected by the altitude of growth environment. Total flavonoid content assay was also performed to support this outcome. Furthermore, these extracts also exhibited different effects on attenuating H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and inhibiting lipid peroxidation and LDH leakage from endothelial cells. Conclusion E. multiradiatus may be an important natural anti-oxidant and this property may contribute to verifying the utilization of this plant in Tibet folk medicine.


Dynamic performance has been compared systematically among 3300V scaled IGBTs with scaling factor (k) from 1 to 10 by TCAD simulations. Even with much stronger Injection Enhancement (IE) effect, Dynamic Avalanche (DA) in scaled IGBTs is proven to be more suppressed than in $\mathrm{k}=1$ case, and it's demonstrated that IGBT scaling is able to break through the trade-off between lower on-state voltage drop and better switching controllability.


For several years the German Ministry of Research and Technology (BMFT) sponsored investigations to realize large communication satellites, and to develop hardware of special critical components. The developments in the field of energy supply were a main effort. Power conditioning systems up to 10 kW are required. On principle it is possible to realize power conditioning for this large power range on the basis of DC-systems. But there rises problems relating to parts and weight closely associated with the thermal control system. To find a better solution several firms in Germany (AEG-Telefunken, Dornier System AG, Siemens AG and Teldix GmbH) investigated power conditioning concepts with AC distribution in the frequency range of about 20 kHz. First results indicated that even with an AC-system it is not possible to find a fundamental solution of the above mentioned problems, AC-systems seem to present certain advantages, though. In this paper some results of the developments of power conditioning concepts for a high power communication satellite are discussed. It is shown that an AC-system with regulated sinusoidal mainbus voltage is flexible and suited for high power applications. But for special applications decentralized current resonance systems may be better suited due to their high efficiency.


The use of an HV fog chamber in conjunction with a variety of environmental exposures to study degradation in the surface properties of polymer systems and how this affects wet electrical insulation is dealt with. Emphasis is placed on studying the conditions for leakage current inception and further current development leading to a flashover condition. The relationship between surface current, time, and voltage are plotted graphically and discussed.


One of the most popular measures of social anxiety is the Liebowitz Social Anxiety scale (LSAS). Recently, the LSAS has been converted into a self-reported format (LSAS-SR). Yao et al. (1999) has adapted the LSAS and LSAS-SR into French. They reported no difference between both versions. However, Yao et al. (1999) did not assess the score reliability and structural validity of the scale. In addition, no study to date has examined the test–retest reliability of the French version LSAS-SR. The present study was designed to overcome these limitations. In a first sample, 428 French speaking volunteers (292 women) were administered the French version of the LSAS-SR. In a second sample, 114 participants were administered the LSAS-SR twice over an 8-week period. Confirmatory factor analyses establish the structural validity of the French version of the LSAS-SR. Good psychometric properties, including test–retest reliability, are also observed.


Chronic nerve compression (CNC) injury initiates a series of pathological changes within the peripheral nerve at the site of injury. However, to date, little work has been performed to explore neuronal cell body responses to CNC injury. Here we show a preferential upregulation of growth‐associated protein‐43 (GAP‐43) and enhanced Fluoro Ruby uptake by the small‐diameter calcitonin gene‐related protein (CGRP) and isolectin B4 (IB4)‐positive neurons in the L4 and L5 ipsilateral dorsal root ganglion (DRG) 2 weeks and 1 month post injury. Furthermore, L4 and L5 DRGs ipsilateral to CNC injury also demonstrated a marked reduction in neurofilament 200 (NF‐200) neurons and an increase in CGRP and IB4 neurons at early time points. All numbers normalized to values comparable to those of control when the DRG was evaluated 6 months post injury. Quantification of glial‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein revealed an upregulation in L4 and L5 DRG followed by a return to baseline values at later stages following injury. Upregulation of GDNF expression by Schwann cells was also readily apparent with both immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of 1 month compressed sciatic nerve specimens. Thus, CNC induces a phenotypic change in the DRG that appears to be temporally associated with increases in GDNF protein expression at and near the site of the compression injury in the nerve. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:180–193, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The invention discloses a preparation method for ferric citrate with high iron content. The method comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving sodium citrate into water so as to obtain an aqueous solution of sodium citrate; (2) dissolving ferric chloride into alcohol or an aqueous solution thereof so as to obtain a ferric chloride solution; and (3) adding the aqueous solution of sodium citrate obtained in the step (1) into the ferric chloride solution obtained in the step (2) for a complexing reaction, and carrying out aftertreatment after the reaction is complete, thereby obtaining the ferric citrate. The ferric citrate obtained by adopting the preparation method disclosed by the invention has higher iron content and is higher in medicinal value.


1) Production of high quality images showing primarily exotic targeted organisms of plant health concern to Australia. 2) Assist with plant health diagnostics in all areas, from initial to high level. 3) Capacity building for diagnostics in plant health, including linkage developments between training and research organisations. 4) Create and use educational tools for training undergraduates/postgraduates. 5) Engender public awareness about plant health concerns in Australia. PaDIL is available


Provided a communication method of a receiving apparatus and a transmitting apparatus, the communication method when the flow can be transmitted is not present during the entire transmission opportunity (the TXOP) or part of the operation state corresponding to the receiving apparatus from the awake state changes to the sleep state to reduce consumption.


1. Prior injections of homologous lyophilized mouse tumors, or a normal tissue, into the hosts lead to a significant increase or decrease in the number of "takes" of tumor homoiografts. Enhanced tumor growth follows the large doses, while inhibition follows the smaller doses. The intermediate doses do not have any effect.

2. It is postulated that we are dealing with one substance (or category of substances) in the lyophilized tissue, whose injection in different dosages serves to change the "normal" responses of the host to the graft, leading to either an increase or a decrease in resistance to the graft.


By means of different subjects and te chniques,the paper makes an overall study on the crustal stability of Beihuaiyang region and its adjace nt areas from the aspects of current t ectonic stress fields,principal fa ult structures,analysis of regional fa ults and neotectonic activity,seis mic activity and numerical modeling,etc.It points out that under the action of th e E-W principal stress,the Funiu mou ntains and the Tongbo mountains are upwarped in the north-west of the are a and the Dabie mountains subside in t he south-east of the area.The seismi c activity in the area is controlled by fault structures,middle and strong earthquakes are focused on the north-west and south-east areas intersected by NW-and NE-trending faults.The engineering site in the middle of the area is located in a fault block without active regional fault pass and large-scale Quaternary tectonic movement,which seismic activity is rare and weak,an d it is a stable"island".


This paper presents a new strategy to be implemented in Bulgarian schools in teaching physics and astronomy to students with impaired hearing at grades 7 (13-year-old students) and 8 (14-year-old students). The strategy provides effective education for students with hearing disabilities in mainstream schools as well as for those attending specialized schools. A multimedia CD has been developed, which offers a large number of basic terms from the corresponding fields of physics and astronomy, accompanied by textual explanation and various illustrations. The terms are explained in Bulgarian, Bulgarian Sign Language and English. This multimedia product can be used by children with hearing disabilities, as well as by children without disorders.


This paper deals with low maximum-likelihood (ML)-decoding complexity, full-rate and full-diversity space-time block codes (STBCs), which also offer large coding gain, for the 2 transmit antenna, 2 receive antenna (2 × 2) and the 4 transmit antenna, 2 receive antenna (4 × 2) MIMO systems. Presently, the best known STBC for the 2 × 2 system is the Golden code and that for the 4 × 2 system is the DjABBA code. Following the approach by Biglieri, Hong, and Viterbo, a new STBC is presented in this paper for the 2 × 2 system. This code matches the Golden code in performance and ML-decoding complexity for square QAM constellations while it has lower ML-decoding complexity with the same performance for non-rectangular QAM constellations. This code is also shown to be information-lossless and diversity-multiplexing gain (DMG) tradeoff optimal. This design procedure is then extended to the 4 × 2 system and a code, which outperforms the DjABBA code for QAM constellations with lower ML-decoding complexity, is presented. So far, the Golden code has been reported to have an ML-decoding complexity of the order of M 4 for square QAM of size M. In this paper, a scheme that reduces its ML-decoding complexity to M 2¿(M) is presented.


In order to improve the perceptual capability of Unmanned Surface Vessels (USVs) in complex sea conditions, a fusion detection algorithm has been developed that combines maritime radar and electro-optical (EO) pod. This algorithm integrates the positional state of the USV, class information of the maritime target obtained through a vision-based target detection algorithm, and processed maritime radar information. By using Gaussian and morphological filtering, the fusion of position state information from the USV, EO pod data, and maritime radar data is achieved. This effectively mitigates the negative impact of environmental factors, such as waves and water mist, on target detection. A cooperative sensing process between the maritime radar and EO pod is proposed to fuse the data obtained from both sources, resulting in accurate comprehensive target information. Experimental results show that the fusion algorithm achieves an average accuracy of 80.24% and a detection rate of 74.7%, enabling precise detection of maritime targets, including their distance, speed, and category. This enhanced perceptual capability is essential for USVs operating in complex maritime environments, enabling better decision-making and navigation performance.


The ray tracing and forward modeling in interwell seism could compute ray track and time of wave travel according to ray theory.In this paper,the procedures for the ray trace modeling were presented,and it was programmed for a forward modeling of tracing by VB Language.By using three theoretical models including three level interface models,three level interface models and a wedge model,the corresponding wave field is analyzed in detail,it is indicated that various wave position relations are in good agreement with theoretical time-distance curves,and it can efficiently verify its validity.


No blood pressure lowering agents used either alone or in combination prolong survival in adults with diabetes and kidney disease, a meta-analysis published in the Lancet has found.1

Researchers analysed 157 studies comparing blood pressure lowering agents in a total of 43 256 patients with diabetic kidney disease, mostly type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. The trials were identified by searching electronic databases systematically for trials published up to January 2014 that compared several classes of blood pressure lowering drugs, used alone or …


: The main output of financial markets is a time series problem and a time series exhibit noisy, non-linear and chaotic structure by nature. Due to this complex structure, the process of predicting the future behavior of time series is a very challenging field for researchers. In this study, a comprehensive feature engineering process was applied to estimate the daily return direction of the BIST 100 index and models were carried out using different machine learning algorithms. The features to be taken as input to the models were extracted depending on the summative statistics of the series, the additional characteristics of the sampling distribution, and the observed dynamics reflecting the non-linear/complex structure of the series and it was shown that the classification performances are quite high without using exogenous variables. In addition the durability of the predictions performances was investigated using different training-test ratios.


The material identification is a pressing requirement for the sensitive security applications. Dual-energy X-ray computer tomography (DXCT) has been investigated for material identification in the medical and security fields. It requires two tomographic images at sufficiently different energies. To discriminate dangerous materials of light elements such as plastic bombs in luggage, it is needed to measure accurately with several tens of kilo electron volts where such materials exhibit significant spectral differences. However, CT images in that energy region often include artifacts from beam hardening. To reduce these artifacts, a novel reconstruction method has been investigated. It is an extension of the Algebraic Reconstruction Technique and Total Variation (ART-TV) method that reduces the artifacts in a lower-energy CT image by referencing it to an image obtained at higher energy. The CT image of a titanium sample was reconstructed using this method in order to demonstrate the artifact reduction capability.


Abstract The effect of hydrogen in the alumina gate insulator on the bottom gate oxide thin film transistor (TFT) with an InGaZnO film as the active layer was investigated. TFT with more H‐containing alumina films (TFT A) fabricated via atomic layer deposition using a water precursor showed higher stability under positive and negative bias stresses than that with less H‐containing alumina deposited using ozone (TFT B). While TFT A was affected by the pre‐vacuum annealing of GI, which resulted in Vth instability under NBS, TFT B did not show a difference after the pre‐vacuum annealing of GI. All the TFTs showed negative‐bias‐enhanced photo instability.


Bryozoa have been collected since l 960 from thirteen Neogene outcrops in South-East Spain. A hundred and four species of Cheilostomata are recognized, described and some of them figured, including one new species, Gephyrotes fortunensis. This is essentially a palaeontological update. Nevertheless some data are given about some of the outcrops. It is a first step towards a more complete palaeogeographical and palaeoecological study of the Betic Neogene.


For financial support, we are grateful to the World Bank Latin American Regional Studies Program and Research Support Budget. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank.


Since 1980s,privatization policies have been implemented across various countries all over the world.Policy makers expect privatization could bring positive effects on firms' performance.Especially in the transition economies,larger privatization programs have been carried out,hence having a more profound effect on their national economies.Privatization is the transfer of ownership and control of property or businesses from the state to a privately owned entity.So,privatization and the transfer of SOE's control rights are two aspects of the same issue.We classify privatization into two types,namely non-listed SOEs' privatization and state-owned listed companies' privatization.We focus on the listed one,since it's the main form of implementing privatization today. Based on the thought of principal-agent theory,property right and transaction cost,different objective functions and competitive market environment,most economists conclude that privatization could reduce the agency cost,promote work incentives and improve firm performance.However,these studies ignore one important party involved in the process of privatization-private buyers.What's their true purpose of taking over the public property,to stimulate the superior performance of the firm and gain their public benefits or to just obtain the private benefits of control? By answering this question,we could therefore make an objective judgment on the efficiency of privatization in China. We assume that the benefits of control of the buyer(seller)can be written as αVb,s+Bb,s,where Vb,s is the level of public benefits of control generated by the buyer(seller)and Bb,s is the level of private benefits of control extracted by the buyer(seller).α represents the fraction size of the block.When the buyer's expected benefits of control are larger than the seller's,the buyer could have the desire to really make the purchase.Therefore,we have developed two hypotheses as follows: H1:The buyer's public benefits of control are larger than the seller's,VbVs.Since the public benefits reflect the increase of the firm value due to the controlling shareholder's participating in the corporate governance,under such hypothesis,after the transfer of the controlling right,firm's value would be enhanced.However,the efficiency of the transfer could be different due to the divergence of the level of private benefits extracted by the buyer and the seller.If the private benefits of the buyer are smaller than those of the seller,the controlling right transfer could increase the firm's value and reduce the level of private benefits.The privatization is with the Pareto Efficiency.And if the private benefits of the buyer are larger than those of the seller,the controlling right transfer could increase the firm's value to some extent,yet not to its optimal level.The privatization is efficient,but if we control the level of the private benefits,the efficiency could be improved. H2:After the transfer of the controlling right,Firm's value has not been enhanced,Vb≤Vs.Under such condition,we guess that obtaining the private benefit of control is private buyers' main purchase motive,and the privatization is inefficient. In our empirical studies,we try to measure the firm performance from the four aspects,namely,profitability,solvency,development ability and operational capability.Using a sample of 110 Chinese listed companies that have had controlling blocks transferred from the government to private owners during a period from 1998 to 2007,based on the factor analysis method,we examine the change in firm performance during a period of 5 years(from the year before the transfer to the 3rd year after this transfer).Our findings are as follows: 1.After the controlling blocks have been transferred from one state entity to a private entity,there's an increase in the average firm performance,but one year after the control transfers,the average performance begins to slump.Generally speaking,privatization by the means of controlling right transfer among listed companies doesn't improve the firm performance in the long run,leading to the inefficiency of control transfer in China. 2.As the successful transfer demands that the buyer's expected benefits of control are larger than the seller's,we doubt that obtaining the private benefit of control is private buyers' main purchase motive. Private benefit of control negatively influences the future corporate performance.Therefore,to control the former could help to improve the latter,hence increasing the efficiency of privatization.Regarding to the measures to control the private benefits,the policymakers need to ensure the openness and fairness of the controlling right market,establish the sound legal environment and a strong supervision mechanism.


As mobile computing becomes ubiquitous and airspace more congested, it is increasingly important to fairly distribute bandwidth between competing wireless devices in order to ensure predictable and satisfactory performance for end users. In prior work, we have proposed a cross-layer approach called Shaper [3, 4] that uses TCP and a central router rather than the 802.11 protocol to decide the outcome of bandwidth allocation. The key idea is to avoid airspace congestion from happening in the first place. Shaper is effective and also easy to deploy. However, its implementation faces many fundamentally difficult challenges. This paper details these challenges and possible solutions.


The consumerism which is the logical result of the modern capital, links to each other with the view of the increasing development .It is not the realization of ideal modernization, but the one-sided development of the modernization ,making overall alienation and a series of living crisis.As an effort to object consumerism ,harmonious development limits predatory consumption and rebuilds healthy relations between human and nature,human and itself.


Large amounts of data and information in radiation safety license permits,supervision and inspection have been accumulated in China.Data management of radiation sources is an important aspect of radiation sources security.This paper introduces the main elements,tache and actuality of data management, the strengths and weaknesses of RAIS system in use.This paper analyzes and discusses the approach of establishing radiation sources monitoring information system network.


The fields of glycochemistry and glycoscience are rich and varied and where much can be learned from Nature. As Nature is not always able to produce carbohydrates in quantities useful for not only in research but also as therapeutic agents, new ways need to be found to optimize the yield. This book presents an overview of the latest developments in the field of carbohydrates, ranging from denovo approaches via cyclodextrin chemistry to the synthesis of such highly complex glycoconjugates as glycosphingolipids and GPI anchors.


A long-term rice paddy field, which is located in the National Institute of Crop Science (Suwon city, Korea) has been managed for studying of fertilization and composting impact on paddy soil fertility since 1954. The objective of this research was to evaluate soil quality through dehydrogenase analysis in long-term paddy soil treatment plots, such as control, N fertilization (N), NPK fertilization (NPK), and rice straw compost with NPK (CNPK). Dehydrogenase-producing bacterial population developing red-colored triphenyl formazan (TPF) was highly correlated to the dehydrogenase activity in rice paddy soils sampled prior to waterlog. The dehydrogenase-producing bacterial population and dehydrogenase activity was comparatively high in plots of NPK, and CNPK, which organic matter content was relatively high.


A study has been made of the response of the pituitary-adrenal system to the administration of Su-4885 in 27 patients (7 with endocrine disease and 20 with nonendocrine disease) under treatment with corticosteroids. The dose schedules of the corticosteroids, the length of time covered by their administration, the moment when the study was carried out (during or after suspension of the corticosteroid treatment), the manner in which suspension had taken place (suddenly or gradually over a period of several days), and the appearance of a clinical picture of iatrogenic hypercortisolism were the factors taken into consideration in order to evaluate the response to Su-4885. An abnormal response was observed in every patient in whom the administration of corticosteroids was accompanied by an intense iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome. No clear conclusions were arrived at from evaluation of the remaining factors. No attempt was made to determine the pathogenesis of the response


This proceeding will discuss how entropy is taught in the context of biological systems. Specifically, a new course was developed in 2003, "Statistical Mechanics of Biomolecular Systems (2.772/5.601/20.110)." It is a foundational course for sophomores to learn statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, and how they apply to biological molecules and systems.


The measurement and analysis of unsteady flow field behind a airfoil is done by TR-PIV.The based structure of instant flow field is presented and the turblence intensity,reynolds stress field and turbulent correlation coefficient for turbulent field were also acquired.A phase averaged decomposition of the velocity field by the analysis of auto-power spectrum was utilized to calculate the phase averaged turbulent length scale.Comparing the turbulent correlation length scale applying the Taylor hypothesis and two-point velocity spatial correlation shows the applicability of this hypothesis.


Can computational binding site similarity tools verify the hypothesis: "Biosynthetic moldings give potent biological activities to natural products"? To answer this question, we designed a tool modeling binding site properties according to solvent exposure. The method showed interesting characteristics but suffers from sensitivity to atomic coordinates. However, existing methods have delivered evidence that the hypothesis was valid for the flavonoid chemical class. In order to extend the study, we designed an automated pipeline capable of searching natural products biosynthetic enzyme structures embedding ligandable catalytic sites. We collected structures of 117 biosynthetic enzymes. Finally, according to structural investigations of biosynthetic enzymes, we characterized diverse substrate-enzyme binding-modes, suggesting that natural product biological imprints usually do not agree with the "key-lock" model.


Genomic DNA sequence was determined for the putative Neurospora crassa ABC transporter NCU09975 from several different classical mutant strains including several acriflavin resistant mutants. The sensitivity of these strains to acriflavin was tested. While the open reading frame NCU09975 has multiple polymorphisms in strains sequenced for other purposes, none of the acriflavin resistant classical mutants tested had polymorphisms in the NCU09975 coding region or in the 195 bases upstream of the translation start site. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 License. This regular paper is available in Fungal Genetics Reports: http://newprairiepress.org/fgr/vol59/iss1/4 Fungal Genetics Reports 59, 2012. 26 Analysis of the DNA sequence of the putative ABC transporter NCU09975 in Neurospora crassa strains carrying acriflavin resistance markers. Aric E. Wiest, Sarah Koch and Kevin McCluskey. Fungal Genetics Stock Center, University of MissouriKansas City, Kansas City, MO 94110 USA Fungal Genet Reports 59: 26 29 Genomic DNA sequence was determined for the putative Neurospora crassa ABC transporter NCU09975 from several different classical mutant strains including several acriflavin resistant mutants. The sensitivity of these strains to acriflavin was tested. While the open reading frame NCU09975 has multiple polymorphisms in strains sequenced for other purposes, none of the acriflavin resistant classical mutants tested had polymorphisms in the NCU09975 coding region or in the 195 bases upstream of the translation start site. Introduction While years of mutagenesis and subsequent characterization in Neurospora crassa produced one of the most densely saturated genetic maps (Perkins et al. 2001), many of the classical mutants are not yet associated with open reading frames from the genome sequence (Galagan et al. 2003). Among these are acriflavin resistant mutants which have been assigned to seven different loci. A subset of these genes also confer resistance to multiple related drugs, including acridine orange, malachite green, and aminotriazole (Akiyama and Nakashima 1996). Moreover some acriflavin resistance genes are dominant while others are recessive. Because we wanted to find a dominant selectable marker for transformation of Neurospora and because the abc-3-like ORF NCU09975 had a large number of polymorphisms in its primary sequence among a group strains subject to whole genome sequence (McCluskey et al. 2011) we undertook to characterize this locus in strains carrying the acriflavin resistance markers acr-1 and Acr-3. We additionally validated the acriflavin sensitivity in the classical mutant strains carrying polymorphisms in NCU09975. Materials and methods Strains were cultured on Vogel's minimal medium (Vogel 1956) using standard practices (Davis and De Serres 1970) (Table 1). Table 1. Strains and their characteristics FGSC number Genotype Marker Location Acriflavin sensitivity 2489 mat-A IL Sensitive 1215 Acr-3 mat-a IL IL Resistant 1209 Acr-3 mat-A IL IL Resistant 875 acr-1 mat-a IL IL Sensitive 305 amyc mat-A IL IL Sensitive 1363 smco-1 mat-A I IL Sensitive 3921 tng mat-A IIL; IL Sensitive 7022 fld IVR; IL Sensitive Published by New Prairie Press, 2017 Fungal Genetics Reports 59, 2012. 27 Acriflavin was dissolved in water and filter sterilized prior to addition to sterile culture medium. It was stored in the dark and fresh stocks were prepared regularly. Acriflavin sensitivity testing was carried out by pipetting 10 ul of a freshly prepared suspension of conidia and hyphal fragments in water (approximately 10 3 cfu/ ml) onto the surface of agar solidified medium in 10 x 75 mm glass culture tubes. Results were logged after two, four and ten days. Genomic DNA was extracted from 2 3 day old liquid shake cultures using the ZR Fungal DNA kit (Zymo Research, Irvine, CA). NCU09975 DNA was amplified as shown in Figure 1, using primers specific for this ORF (Table 2). Primers 1F and 5R were used together to amplify a 2848 base fragment including the start codon and 195 upstream bases. Primers 7F and 11R were used to amplify a 2878 base fragment including the stop codon and 667 bases downstream (Figure 1). These large fragments which overlap by 370 bases were directly sequenced at the UMKC School of Biological Sciences core facility using an Applied Biosystems 3100 Genetic Analyzer (Foster City, USA). Sequences were aligned and analyzed using Sequencher (Gene Codes Corporation, Ann Arbor, USA).


Forty juices and 94 DOC wines, obtained with different agronomic and winemaking practices, produced from Trentino grapes were analysed for their content of ochratoxin A. Only 2 samples of white and 8 of red wine had measurable amount of OTA, ranging between 0.01 and 0.1 μg/L. Higher OTA levels were detected in the 17 concentrated musts available on the Trentino market in 1999 and 2000. The allowed enrichment accounts for the low amounts measured in some Trentino DOC wine.


Consider a financial market in which an agent trades with utility-induced restrictions on wealth. We prove that the utility-based super-replication price of an unbounded (but sufficiently integrable) contingent claim is equal to the supremum of its discounted expectations under pricing measures with finite entropy. Central to our proof is the representation of a cone CV of utilitybased super-replicable contingent claims as the polar cone of the set of finite entropy separating measures. CV is shown to be the closure, under a relevant weak topology, of the cone of all (sufficiently integrable) contingent claims that can be dominated by a zero-financed terminal wealth. As our approach shows, those terminal wealths need not necessarily stem from admissible trading strategies only. We investigate also the natural dual of this result, and show that the polar cone of CV is the cone generated by separating measures with finite loss-entropy. For an agent whose utility function is unbounded from above, the set of pricing measures with finite loss-entropy can be slightly larger than the set of pricing measures with finite entropy. Indeed, we prove that the former set is the closure of the latter under a suitable weak topology. The full two-sided polarity we achieve between measures and contingent claims yields an economic justification for the use of the cone CV : the utilitybased restrictions which this cone imposes on terminal wealth arise only from the investor's preferences to asymptotically large negative wealth. An application of our results to the special case of admissible trading reveals that under a suitable weak topology CV is the closure of the cone of all a. s. bounded contingent claims that can be dominated by a terminal wealth originating from admissible trading strategies. Finally, we show how our framework can be applied to another field of mathematical economics and how it sheds a different light on Farkas' Lemma and its infinite dimensional version there.


In accordance with features of the equipment and easy leak detection conditions,Leak detection program to develop the corresponding.Reasonable combination of our application: packing,applying sufficient pressure soap film,vacuum spray alcohol,such as back-pressure based leak detection means and methods of higher accuracy in the completion of large-scale vacuum equipment to determine the leakage point,the repair work.Reach a vacuum degree of 1.0×10-1Pa leakage rate 0.067Pa·m3/s the technical requirements.


In the past, international Evidence law reformers have focused primarily on substantive evidentiary doctrines. However, for reforms to be effective, the courts and legislatures must state the revised doctrines in a form that promotes the overall objectives of the legal system. The basic choice facing reformers is among a creed identifying broad goals, a code stating flexible principles, and a catalogue prescribing detailed rules. In the past, especially in the United States, there was a consensus among Evidence scholars that the code format is preferable. However, if a key objective of a national legal system is to encourage pretrial disposition of cases, the courts and legislatures should give serious thought to utilizing a catalogue format. That format is especially attractive in the doctrinal areas such as privilege in which evidentiary rules are intended to affect primary behavior outside the courtroom.


The method of the edge detection and graphic object recognition – licence plate is presented in this article. The development and use of an automatic car number recognition system is an urgent task, as it allows you to control the access of a car to a closed protected area without the participation of an operator. The article presents a comparative analysis of the quality and efficiency of various methods (Viola–Jones object detection framework, Canny edge detector, Sobel operator). The authors proposed a modification of the method for determining boundaries within the framework of the problem being solved, quantified the accuracy of recognition.


Part I. A Decisions of GATT Panels: United States - Prohibition of Imports of Tuna and Tuna Products from Canada United States - Taxes on Petroleum and Certain Imported Substances Canada - Measures Affecting Exports of Unprocessed Herring and Salmon United States - Restrictions on Imports of Tuna (Tuna/Dolphin I) United States - Restrictions on Imports of Tuna (Tuna/Dolphin II) United States - Taxes on Automobiles Part I.B Decisions of WTO Panels and Appelllate Body: United States - Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline United States - Import Prohibition of Certain Shrimp and Shrimp Products Part I.C Summary of Other GATT/WTO Panel and Appellate Body Decisions: Thailand - Restrictions on Importation of and Internal Taxes on Cigarettes EC Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones) Part II.A Decisions of Canada-USA FTA Panels: In the matter of Canada's Landing Requirement for Pacific Coast Salmon and Herring Lobsters from Canada Part II.B Summary of Other Canada-USA FTA Panel Decision: In the Matter of Puerto Rico Regulations on the Import, Distribution and Sale of UHT Milk from Quebec Part III. Decisions of The Court of Justice of the European Communities: Case 172/82 Syndicat National des Fabricants Raffineurs d'Huile de Graissage and Others v. Groupement d'Interet Economique 'Inter-huiles' and Others Case 240/83 Procureur de la Republique v. Association de Defense des Br-leurs d'Huiles Usagees Case 302/86 Commission of the European Communities v. Kingdom of Denmark Case C-169/89 Criminal Proceedings against Gourmetterie Van den Burg Case C-182/89 Commission of the European Communities v. French Republic Case C-2/90 Commission of the European Communities v. Belgium Case C-405/92 Etablissements Armand Mondiet SA v. Armement Islais SARL Case C-41/93 French Republic v. Commission of the European Communities Case C-131/93 Commission of the European Communities v. Federal Republic of Germany Case C-284/95 Safety Hi-Tech Srl v. S&T Srl Index.


Recent work has shown that extreme stratospheric wave-1 negative heat flux events couple with the troposphere via an anomalous wave-1 signal. Here, a dry dynamical core model is used to investigate the dynamical mechanisms underlying the events. Ensemble spectral nudging experiments are used to isolate the role of specific dynamical components: 1) the wave-1 precursor, 2) the stratospheric zonal-mean flow, and 3) the higher-order wavenumbers. The negative events are partially reproduced when nudging the wave-1 precursor and the zonal-mean flow whereas they are not reproduced when nudging either separately. Nudging the wave-1 precursor and the higher-order wavenumbers reproduces the events, including the evolution of the stratospheric zonal-mean flow. Mechanism denial experiments, whereby one component is fixed to the climatology and others are nudged to the event evolution, suggest higher-order wavenumbers play a role by modifying the zonal-mean flow and through stratospheric wave–wave interaction. Nudging all tropospheric wave precursors (wave-1 and higher-order wavenumbers) confirms they are the source of the stratospheric waves. Nudging all stratospheric waves reproduces the tropospheric wave-1 signal. Taken together, the experiments suggest the events are consistent with downward wave propagation from the stratosphere to the troposphere and highlight the key role of higher-order wavenumbers.


The plight of the undocumented in the United States elicits strong feelings on both sides of the debate. One viewpoint takes a strict immigration policy perspective and opposes the ability of the undocumented to access publicly financed programs and services including access to health care. Without the sanction of law, those taking a more flexible view must find persuasive arguments to permit the access to public services. The choice of arguments includes reframing the concept of citizenship; accepting the premise of basic human needs that invokes a human rights perspective and concerns about social justice; developing an ethic of care; or invoking a "common good" perspective that acknowledges the role of public health. This article frames the option of using a public health approach to argue for health care for the undocumented in the United States.


As an efficient AMR method on structured grids, a new cell-by-cell refinement algorithm is developed. Key idea of the new cell-by-cell refinement is to use categorized cell types which are originated from overset mesh technique. Thanks to categorized cell types, present method provides efficient cell-by-cell refinement algorithm, while preserving structured index of grid system. Through numerical test cases, the performance of present algorithm is investigated and comparison of accuracy and efficiency shows that present method is much more accurate and efficient than the case without AMR method.


In this paper, high‐resolution numerical simulations of the 12–13 August 2002 flooding event in eastern Germany are presented. The simulations are performed with the Penn State/National Center for Atmospheric Research mesoscale model MM5 in a four‐domain configuration with a finest horizontal resolution of 1 km. Sensitivity experiments are performed with coarser resolutions (3 and 9 km), with different cloud microphysical parametrizations and with a different date of initialization. Moreover, tests with 1 km resolution but the smoothed topography of the 9 km runs are conducted in order to isolate the contribution of the model topography to the differences between the 1 km runs and the 9 km runs.


Solid-liquid equilibrium data of organic nonelectrolyte systems are becoming increasingly important in the petroleum industry, particularly in light of present trends toward heavier feedstocks and known carcinogenicity/mutagenicity of many of the larger polycyclic aromatic compounds. Experimental solubilities are reported for pyrene dissolved in seven binary mixtures containing 1-octanol with hexane, heptane, octane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and (1,1-dimethylethyl)cyclohexane at 26 C. Results of these measurements are used to test two mathematical representations based upon the combined nearly ideal binary solvent (NIBS)/Redlich-Kister equation and modified Wilson model. For the system studied, the three-parameter combined NIBS/Redlich-Kister equation was found to provide the better mathematical representation, with deviations between experimental and back-calculated values being on the order of {+-}1.5% or lees. Slightly larger deviations were noted in the case of the two-parameter modified Wilson equation.


In the present paper we present an example proving that the Varimax rotation method commonly used in factor analysis (see H. F. KAISER, 1958) need not give a unique solution. We also show that changing the original algorithm more than one local maximum of the criterion "V" can be achieved. Hence the loadings of factors and practical interpretations of solutions are affected in this way.


Abstract The elastic stresses due to homogeneous long elliptical cylinder inclusions have been solved by using the Eshelby method. The coefficient Sijke inside the inclusion is consistent with that of Brown and Clarke.


This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Multibit Noise-Shaping Modulator Architectures DAC Architectures for Improved Linearity Digital Correction Techniques Dual-Quantizer ADC Architectures Conclusion This chapter contains sections titled: References


The NAHMS Dairy '96 Study was designed to provide both participants and the industry with information on the nation's dairy animal population for education and research. The USDA's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) collaborated with NAHMS to select a statistically valid sample yielding 2,542 producers. Included in the study were 20 states that represented 83.1 percent of the U.S. milk cows as of January 1, 1996. NASS interviewers collected data for Part I via a questionnaire administered on-farm from January 1 through 26, 1996. Contact for this paper: Steven Ott


Principal components are used to reduce the dimension of highly correlated, multivariate data. After applying analyses of variance to the principal components, looking for site differences, a graphical method of multiple comparisons is presented. The procedure is applied to two large sets of benthic data.


Preliminaries Subnormal operators: The elementary theory Function theory on the unit circle Hyponormal operators Uniform rational approximation Weak-star rational approximation Some structure theory for subnormal operators Bounded point evaluations.


The problems of formation the research competence of future physicists have been studied. The structure of research competence has been presented, the levels of its formations as well as the factors and conditions necessary for successful research have been determined.


Psychological Concepts. Models of Health and Illness. Stress. Acute Pain. Chronic Pain. Orbell. Social Concepts. Social Patterns of Health and Illness. Inequality in Health. Health and Gender. Social Trends and Health. Epidemiology. Professions and Professionalism. Psychological Development. Life-Span Development. Childhood and Adolescence. Mid-Life and Old Age. Interpersonal Issues. Perceiving People and Events. Explaining People and Events. Social Influence. Attitudes. Cognitive Processes. Assessing Brain Function. Managing Brain Dysfunction. Ethics. Ethical Issues, Ethical Principles and Codes of Conduct. Justification for Ethical Principles. Ethical Decision Making. Research and Evaluation. Approaches to Research. The Research Process: A Practical Guide. Principles of Health Promotion. Health Promotion and Practice. Evaluation of Healthcare Systems. Professional Competence and Quality Assurance.


On 16th June 2022, the first case of lawful 'medically assisted suicide' took place on Italian soil. This event is a result of decade-long debates on informed consent and end-of-life care stimulated by medical jurisprudence. The authors first retrace the crucial moments that allowed this to happen and underline the problems still to be solved. The cases of DJ Fabo, Davide Trentin, Mario and Fabio Ridolfi are discussed, signalling how they influenced the path implemented by Italian jurisprudence.


In terms of cryptocurrency , mining is a process of creating a new transaction block to add it to the blockchain. The cryptocurrency protocol should ensure the reliability of new transaction blocks. One of the popular mining protocols is the Proof-of-Work protocol, which requires the miner to perform a certain work to verify its right to add a new block into the blockchain. To perform this work, high-performance hardware is used, such as GPU. On the program level, hardware needs special computing framework, for example, CUDA or OpenCL. In this article, we discuss Ethereum cryptocurrency mining using the OpenCL standard. The Ethereum cryptocurrency is the most popular cryptocurrency with GPU-based mining. There are several open-source implementations of the Ethereum cryptocurrency miners. The host-part of the OpenCL -miner is considered, which makes the research results independent of the mining algorithm and allows using the results of the research in the mining of other cryptocurrencies . During the research, we have found the problems, which lead to mining productivity loss, and we are looking for the ways to resolve these problems and thus increase mining performance. As part of solving these problems, we have developed the algorithm for the functioning of the miner and proposed the methodology of determining the optimal size of OpenCL work, which allows to reduce the impact of problems found and achieve maximum mining productivity using OpenCL framework.


Background The individual benefit from cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) varies largely among patients. Aims To compare different definitions of echocardiographic super-response to CRT regarding their ability to predict the incidence of adverse events. Methods Three definitions of super-response to CRT were evaluated in 110 consecutive patients with CRT implantation: (1) an absolute increase in ejection fraction of ≥10%; (2) a decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume of ≥30%; and (3) a decrease in left ventricular end-diastolic volume of ≥20%. The primary endpoint was a combination of time to death, heart transplantation, ventricular assist device implantation and hospitalisation for heart failure. Secondary endpoints included time to first appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) discharge during follow-up. Results All three definitions of super-response were highly predictive of a reduced risk for reaching the primary combined endpoint (3-year estimators: 64%±7% vs 82%±7% for ejection fraction ≥10%; 63%±8% vs 92%±5% for end-systolic volume ≥30%; and 62%±8% vs 94%±4% for end-diastolic volume ≥20%; all p<0.001). In all three analyses, super-responders had a significantly shorter time from diagnosis of heart failure until the time point of CRT implantation. However, even super-responders, independent of the definition, did experience appropriate ICD discharges during follow-up. Conclusions All three definitions of super-response are highly predictive for a favourable outcome after CRT. However, even patients with pronounced reverse left ventricular remodelling experience appropriate ICD discharges during follow-up.


The absorption coefficient at the center of several lines of the 961‐ and 1064‐cm−1 bands of CO2 has been measured for CO2 and mixtures of CO2 and N2 and He at absolute pressures to 18 atm. The data are in good agreement with the theory of pressure‐broadened non‐Lorentzian overlapping lines, which predicts greater peak absorption than theories that calculate the spectrum as a sum of Lorentzian‐shaped lines.


The exciton problem in wurtzite-type crystals is investigated taking into full account the structure of the valence bands. Using perturbation theory, after a proper rotation of the exciton Hamiltonian, we obtain analytical expressions for the exciton ground states originating from the ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{9}$, ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$, and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$ valence subbands. These expressions are valid for any value of the crystal field splitting. Results are given for CdSe and CdS and the agreement with experiment is good.


This chapter examines the wide area in Roman and Late Roman times at the Sanctuary of Poseidon on the Isthmus and its rural hinterland. It discusses the phenomena from the area of the eastern hinterland of Corinth and how it can contribute to our understanding of social and religious interactions in the broader region in the first few centuries CE. The chapter begins with discussion of Isthmia and examines some of the major observations that have already been made. It helps to indicate the kinds of information that Isthmia and the eastern Corinthia can provide to help us understand society, economy, and religion in the Roman period. Finally the chapter shows that the archaeological material from the Sanctuary of Poseidon at Isthmia has frequently been used by scholars of Christian Scripture to investigate social and religious trends at the time of the Pauline mission. Keywords: eastern Corinthia; Isthmia; Late Roman; Pauline mission; Roman period; Sanctuary of Poseidon


Abstract Recently, an application business model was proposed to implement an M-coupon system using the NFC-based mobile devices. In this paper, the security requirements were surveyed for a secure M-coupon system andto analyze the threats on the existing NFC-based M-coupon protocols. After considering the implementation efficiencyand security, this paper presents a novel M-coupon protocol based on the Diffie-Hellman key agreement scheme. Thisprotocol can be an alternative to solve the security problems related to the PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) and secretkey distribution. Furthermore, this M-coupon protocol is designed to provide user authentication and counteract therelay attack. Key Words : D-H Key Agreement, NFC-based M-coupon, protocol, Relay Attack, User Authentication * Corresponding Author : Jae-cheol Ha(Hoseo Univ.) Tel: +82-41-540-5991 email: email@example.com September 11, 2014 Revised (1st October 6, 2014, 2nd October 14, 2014) Accepted February 12, 2015


Introduction Philip Pullman's His Dark Materials (1995 2000), an award-winning fantasy trilogy, is prominent among recent children's literature in the U.K. and the U.S. One of the most intriguing features of Pullman's series is its brave reinvention of gender representation. In His Dark Materials conventional gender roles are denaturalized and overthrown. Eve, the stereotypical female figure, is taken apart from the Holy Bible, re-inscribed and reassembled to form a fresh and subversive ideological configuration. Pullman's rewriting of Eve has, in many ways, transgressed traditional gender boundaries, implicating new possibilities in gender representation. With the aim of raising gender awareness, in this article I will compare the parallel yet drastically different biblical pre-text and re-version, showing how gender borders are transgressed and female stereotypes re-written, reinterpreted and re-invented in Pullman's trilogy. First of all, the source which Pullman based his series on, i.e. the representation of Eve in Genesis, will be examined. A discussion of gender stereotypes arising from the Eden myth will also be looked into. From themes such as Adam and Eve in Eden before the Fall of Man, to what happens in the Fall and the consequences of the Fall, I will discuss how Pullman subverts the Myth of the Fall in the Holy Bible and introduces a new gender configuration through Lyra Belacqua, the new Eve in His Dark Materials.


degree of appropriate balance between marketing operations and marketing planning; 4. Marketing Planning Adapted for Small Firms-the categories used to describe a company's ability to adapt marketing concepts and techniques are 'limited' and 'substantial', where the latter indicates a greater degree of refinement of marketing planning techniques to suit the characteristics and circumstances of the small firm; 5. Stages of Marketing Developmentthe 'evolution' of marketing in small firms is described in four distinct


There is a relationship between the physical properties and the molecular structure of chemicals. This relation is well established by the determination of a power formula for determining the boiling point of chemicals using Wiener index. A power formula relating this is developed by Harry Wiener. Calculation of Wiener index requires determination of distance between every pair of vertices in the chemical graph representation of the molecular structure. Eccentricity is a graph property that requires only the longest distance calculation from every vertex. If the physical properties can be developed using eccentricity only, then it reduces manual calculation of distance between all pair of vertices. In this paper a power formula to determine the boiling point of alkanes and alkenes is developed. The boiling point determined using this power formula is verified with the values developed from the existing one and is seen to be in good correlation with the existing formula.


The invention relates to an electrode arrangement (1) for applying a transcutaneous electrical stimulation stimulus on the surface of a portion of the human ear (2) attachable one at or in the ear (2) electrode carrier (3), wherein the electrode carrier (3) at least one electrode (4, 5) is arranged. In order to achieve an improvement of the transcutaneous pacing, the invention provides that the at least one electrode (4, 5) is arranged detachably on the electrode carrier (3), wherein the at least one electrode (4, 5) (by sliding in an insertion direction a ) (a holding section 6) of the electrode carrier (3) with the electrode carrier (3) can be connected, wherein the at least one electrode (4, 5) in (on the holding portion 6) of the electrode carrier (3) pushed state, both a mechanical connection has with the electrode carrier (3) and an electrical connection with an electrical conductor (7), wherein in the insertion direction (a) between the at least one electrode (4, 5) or a holding portion (8) of the electrode (4, 5) and the holding portion (6) of the electrode carrier (3) undercut is present and / or wherein the spring means (20) are provided, with which an elastic pressing force between the holding portion (6) of the electrode carrier (3) and de m retaining portion (8) of the electrode (4, 5) can be exerted. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system consisting of an electrode assembly and a number of electrodes.


This paper investigates a less-than-truckload (LTL) request pricing and selection problem to optimize carrier's revenue in Physical Internet (PI). PI can be considered as a global interconnection logistic system that connects logistic networks together via open logistic hubs. In a hub, many types of LTL requests with different volume and route arrive continually and are allocated to carriers frequently. LTL carriers can bid for these requests through participating several auctions. Being faced with many different requests, carrier needs to select one (or several) type of requests of interest to bid and meanwhile decides the bidding price to maximize his profit. Two scenarios are investigated, i.e. carrier with full capacity, or carrier with loads with known destination. For each scenario, an integer programming model based on a multi-legs dynamic pricing model is proposed to solve the request selection problem and pricing problem simultaneously. A computational study is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the models.


How to cite this presentation (in DataCite citation style)Rajeg, Gede Primahadi Wijaya (2021): Doing Language Sciences in the Digital Age. figshare. Presentation. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13931816DescriptionThis is the slides presentation for my guest lecture (Rajeg 2021) under the theme Doing Language Sciences in the Digital Age. The lecture is targeted at the fourth- and sixth-semester undergraduate students at the English Study Program, Faculty of Foreign Languages, at Mahasaraswati University, Denpasar, Bali. It is designed as a light introduction to linguistics and corpus linguistics. The first part of the lecture provides a brief overview of linguistics and its subareas. The second part of the lecture highlights the way students' linguistic research project can take advantages of the technological advances characterising the field of corpus linguistics, such as the availability of large collection of digitalised texts (i.e. language corpora) and the retrieved quantitative information from analysing corpora; this is illustrated by simple case studies around the words' usages (i.e. lexicology) (e.g. usage patterns from analysing concordance; word-frequency list and its comparison across different corpora; word-class frequency variation for ambicategorical words across time and genres; collocational differences between semantically similar words). The data for the case studies come from the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA) (Davies 2010) and the Coronavirus Corpus.The lecture is live-streamed in the FBA TV YouTube Channel on 13 February 2021.ReferencesDavies, Mark. 2010. The Corpus of Contemporary American English as the first reliable monitor corpus of English. Literary and Linguistic Computing 25(4). 447–464. https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqq018.Rajeg, Gede Primahadi Wijaya. 2021. Doing Language Sciences in the Digital Age. figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13931816. https://figshare.com/articles/presentation/_/13931816/0 (12 February, 2021).


Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) plays a major role in the regulation of hypoxia. It occurs not only under normal physiological conditions but also under pathological conditions such as some inflammatory reactions and tumor diseases. Studies have shown that the mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis include cellular molecules signaling pathways and gene levels in which Hypoxia-inducible factors play an important role. At present, surgical resection liver transplantation and chemotherapy are still the main treatment methods in the clinical treatment of patients with liver cancer but conventional chemotherapy drugs have toxic side effects on human body and the prognosis is poor. HIF is not only involved in reducing the efficacy of radiotherapy chemotherapy and targeted therapy but also closely related to angiogenesis and immune escape. In this article, we will focus on the Hypoxia-inducible factors of liver cancer and discuss its relationship with the development and prognosis of liver cancer and provide new ideas for the precise treatment of malignant liver tumors.


The use of botulinum toxin to treat cervical dystonia (CD) has dramatically improved the quality of life of patients with this disabling, often painful disease. Two forms of type A toxin (BOTOX® and Dysport®) and one form of type B toxin (MyoBloc®) are available in some parts of the world to treat patients with CD. The literature supports the efficacy of each in reducing the pain and movement of cervical dystonia. The dosing and side effects vary between the toxins. The potential availability of several forms of toxin will allow physicians to offer further treatment options to patients with CD. However, it is incumbent on the treating physicians to have a working knowledge of the different serotypes, different doses used of each formulation of each serotype, the side effect profile of each product and the potential for anti-body formation for each form of toxin.


After discovering drawbacks of current similar methods of cell exposure, a new approach towards such setup was taken by examining the possibility of using a grounded Coplanar-Waveguide (C.P.W) with a different substrate to make the near-perfect line matching possible for intended frequencies. A considerable size reduction was also achieved and holes were considered for simultaneous microscopy. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and temperature change in the biological sample were then computed and compared with standards to investigate compatibility with bioelectromagnetic requirements. Finally, the radiated fields of such setup were measured and compared with safety standards to ensure operator safety.


be provided to develop important non-medical skills that can help mitigate burnout. These skills include: team leadership, communication, stress management, problem solving, project management, quality improvement, and the basics of business and finance. The study presents additional key organisational strategies that can help reduce professional burnout including designing organisational systems to address human needs , developing leaders with participative management competency, building social community, removing sources of frustratio n and inefficiency, reducing preventable patient harm , supporting health professionals involved in medical errors, and bolstering individual wellness. Organisational interventions designed to promote greater employee control over work time and improve their work-life balance can help reduce psychological distress and increase job satisfaction. With a strong emphasis on organisational effectiveness, leadership interventions must focus on techniques and strategies that can positively frame change and increase overall productivity while maintaining and promoting physicians' well-being.


Design for a staple provided with series of barbs or spurs and intervening corrugations arranged in continuous series at the inner and outer edges of the staple.


In view of the fact that Bragg peak energy cannot be delivered individually to multiple scattered infiltrating tumors or diffuse lesions, the energy of the ion beam could instead be adjusted to traverse the entire body for the selective activation of nanoparticles (NPs) inside the target lesions with an ion fluence comparable to the Bragg peak. This Coulomb stimulation of NPs generates low-energy electrons (LEEs) and characteristic fluorescent X-rays (XFLs) from the NP surface; this effectively transforms inert NPs into nanoradiators, much like the conversion of a prodrug into a drug. In contrast, the relatively small plateau dose absorbed along the beam path ensures that there are minimal effects to normal tissue (NT). This simple but innovative approach enables unprecedented traversing ion beam stimulation therapy (TIBS) for infiltrating tumors or diffuse non-oncological lesions. The theoretical background and efficacy of TIBS has been demonstrated by several proof-of-concept studies with animal disease models and molecular-targeted high-Z NPs.


Abstract Tourism transformation must bring an actionable focus on equity. A new normal openly recognizes the crises and tensions inhabiting tourism well before the COVID-19 pandemic along with the holistic and integrated nature of a pro-equity agenda. A resilient post-pandemic tourism must be more equitable and just, in terms of how it operates, its effects on people and place, and how we as scholars teach, study and publicly engage the travel industry—particularly in preparing its current and future leaders. A commitment to equity is about making specific changes in practices and decisions at multiple levels, along with growing a wider ethical framework. This pivot of a mindset requires us, as tourists, corporations, and educators to step away from a selfish perspective and critically change our perception and understanding of tourism to a truly equitable focus. Consequently, these actions force us to question the consumerism and capitalistic lens that has contributed to mass growth across the touristic landscape and instead, choose a system that fosters sustainable and equitable growth - which in turn, 'slows down' our ways of consuming the world around us - transforming our values and experiences of what tourism is and should be.


Data from an 18-month randomized trial show large and sustained impacts on water purification and child health of a program providing monthly coupons for free water treatment solution to households with young children. The program is more effective and much more cost effective than asking Community Health Workers (CHWs) to distribute free chlorine to households during routine monthly visits. This is because only 40 percent of households use free chlorine, targeting through CHWs is worse than self-targeting through coupon redemption, and water treatment promotion by CHWs does not increase chlorine use among beneficiaries of free chlorine. (JEL I12, I18, J13, O12, O13, Q53)


The minor coarse cereals are the characteristic agricultural products in Shanxi and they have become one of the developing products of agricultural structure adjustment. Product marketing is always the key factor that restricts agricultural development. Only we choose the appropriate target market, orientate the correct market and establish unobstructed marketing channel, can we promote the healthy development of small mixed food.


The experience of pitch relations is known to be in fluenced by timbral brightness, Because phonemes naturally v ary in their extent of brightness, we wondered whether the experience of pitch relations in vocal music was influenc ed by phoneme content. Three-tone sequences were synthesi zed so as to vary with regard to both pitch and phoneme content. Perceived interval size was found to vary as a function of the interaction between normalized spectral cent roid and pitch contour, with larger pitch distances asso ciated with sequences possessing congruent contours. Propo sals concerning the underlying mechanism and various imp lications of the findings are discussed.


in this paper, an accurate algorithm for lithium-ion battery state-of-charge (SOC) estimation is proposed based on the combination of Extended Kalman filter (EKF) and interactive multiple model filter (IMM). Two multiple models are set up to represent the different degree of parameter shift in the Lithium ion battery. Equivalent circuit methodology is used to construct the non-linear battery models. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm is capable of predicting lithium-ion battery State-of-charge. Comparison of accuracy and between the IMM-EKF and standard EKF is made, which prove IMM-EKF is better than standard EKF in estimation of State-of-charge


Law students . . . are subjected to indoctrinations, the effort of such being to make the students conform quickly and thoroughly to that prevailing stereotype deemed most beneficial to the profession and to its survival as an institution, its influence in society, and its general prosperity. At the Harvard Law School, this process is heavy, intensive, and unrelenting.... The demand for conformity in a profession commonly signifies a threat of death.4