Education is a system-project.The orderliness of the system makes the moral culture the first important in the education-system-project. Moral culture,being systematic,needs to be reformed in its structure,content and method.


In the following study, it was discovered that those school teachers with training in audio‐visual techniques had a lower opinion of school instructional television (called ETV in this study) than did those without such training. It is hoped that some future researchers will be able to tell why this is so.


We present time-resolved photoluminescence investigations of InAs/GaAs structures containing quantum dots with the ground state at 1.43 eV. State fllling efiect and a Pauli blocking efiect were clearly observed. These efiects signiflcantly in∞uenced dynamics of excitation transfer from upper to lower state inside a dot leading to non-exponential dynamics. Numerical model based on nonlinear rate equations was proposed. The model described well the experimental data providing values of: lifetime of the ground state 0:53 § 0:03 ns, lifetime of excited state (when the ground state is full) 1:1 § 0:2 ns, and internal relaxation time (when the ground state is empty) 0:07 § 0:01 ns.


It is still an open question how long the world economic depression will last.The recovery of an economy depends on its initial conditions,the stage of development and economic elasticity.Based on international comparision,both the advantages and disadvantages for the recovery of Chinese economy are subjected to analysis,on the basis of which a few countermeasures were put forth.


Sustainable development is "the development that meets the need of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs". Interpreted in a production systems perspective this means: "The system which produces goods or services by the application of the manufacturing methods that are non-polluting, preserving energy and natural resources, economically feasible, occupational health and safety implementation and rewarding for all employees". Manufacturing companies need to be able to measure their progress and several frameworks with indicators are proposed in the literature. Only a few of the proposed Sustainable Performance Indicators are directly applicable at factory level. In this article, a set of suitable indicators is proposed with the aim that the indicators will measure progress as well as being comparable between factories. An empirical study for evaluating the proposed set of parameters is outlined which will clarify the industrial relevance and the opportunity to implement these into a framework that could be used in practice. This framework and set of indicators will be used in future surveys, national in Sweden as well as international comparison, e.g. in UK and Brazil.


Study to get a high activity for olefin polymerization by a supporting Ziegler-type catalyst on MgCl2 was carried out. Only heating anhydrous MgCl2 with TiCl4, very little amount of TiCl4 was fixed because of high crystallinity and small surface of anhydrous MgCl2. A pretreatment by some organic electron donner such as butanol or methyl acetate before the reaction with TiCl4, resulted a considerable fixation of TiCl4 onto MgCl2 and gave high activity for ethylene polymerization by 70—90 times of conventional TiCl3 catalyst. The study of the TiCl4–MgCl2 comilling, the other supporting technique, was also investigated. There are efficient Ti and inefficient ones to participate in the formation of active species among the fixed Ti. The titanium fixed in the initial stage of milling at the active site of broken MgCl2 particle surface was rather efficient. Furthermore, The high stereospecificity was performed for propylene polymerization, by arranging some organic electron donner around Ti for the above mentioned TiCl4–MgCl2 catalyst.


BACKGROUND: Hydrothermal carbonization has become a proficient technique to synthesize carbon materials from biomass owing to its availability and environmental friendliness. Chrome‐tanned leather, a biomass waste that contains numerous functional groups, is a potential adsorbent for separation of heavy metal ions. In the present work, a phenolic‐functionalized hollow sponge‐like adsorbent (HSLW) was synthesized from leather waste via hydrothermal carbonization in the presence of tannin. This study aims to develop a novel adsorbent for uranium separation from salt lake. RESULTS: The adsorbent was characterized by several techniques and the adsorption behavior of the adsorbent towards uranium was investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity of the absorbent reached 200.10 mg g⁻¹ at 328.15 K. The adsorption process fitted well with the linear Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo‐second‐order model. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process was spontaneous, feasible and endothermic in nature. Selective adsorption in competitive multi‐ion solution and simulated high‐salinity system showed that the adsorbent had not only strong affinity but also high selectivity towards uranium. CONCLUSION: HSLW could become a promising adsorbent for practical and efficient selective separation and recovery of uranium from salt lakes. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry


To compare the efficacy of 3 doses of ampicillin prophylaxis regimen with 7 days regimen of ampicillin prophylaxis on infectious morbidity in women undergoing elective caesarean delivery. A prospective non blinded randomized controlled study was conducted on 128 women planned for elective caesarean section. In the study group, patients were given 3 doses: 1 g of IV Ampicillin - 30 minutes preoperatively, later at 6 and 12 hours post operatively. In the control group, patients were given 7 days of antibiotic prophylaxis: IV ampicillin 500 mg - 30 minutes preoperatively, 6 hourly for 24 hours post operatively, followed by oral amoxycillin 500 mg 8 hourly till 7th postoperative days. Patients were followed up till day 7 post operative days for infectious morbidity. No significant difference was found either in the prevalence of postoperative infection or in the mean hospital stays. The cost of the three doses of prophylactic antibiotics was 2/3 rd the cost of the seven days standard postoperative scheme. The usage of minimum doses of prophylactic antibiotics in elective caesarean delivery has an equivalent impact as compared to the conventional seven days regimen in terms of infectious morbidity both on the mother and the neonate with significant reduction in terms of cost of treatment. Shorter regimen is judicious way of use of antibiotics and decreases the workload of the paramedical staff as well.


Introduction Rope explores some of the fundamental characteristics of the cinematic abstraction of time and space by using the mobile camera as an agent that gives plastic reality to subjective material. In Rope, a synthesis of real time and filmic space forces the viewer to absorb narrative information on multiple, often distastefully ironic levels. At the same time, the viewer is given freedom of selection in terms of how, when, and why his/her attention is split, inviting some comparison with similar choices experienced during depth of focus shots, a spatial configuration that Hitchcock characteristically avoided. The movement of the camera throughout the film places the viewer in the ethically, emotionally, and psychologically uncomfortable position of perceiving perversity in the relationship between image and dialogue.


The predominant effect of the atmosphere on the incoming wavefront of an astronomical object is the introduction of a phase distortion, resulting in a speckle image at the ground-based telescope. Deconvolution from wavefront sensing is an imaging technique used to compensate for the degradation due to atmospheric turbulence, where the point spread function is estimated from the wavefront sensing data. However in this approach any information in the speckle images regarding the point spread function is not utilised. This paper investigates the joint application of wavefront sensing data and speckle images in reconstructing the point spread function and the object in a Bayesian framework. The results on experimental data demonstrate the feasibility of this approach even under very low light levels.


Spontaneous formation of roll waves is reported during floods insrnall canalised rivers, located within the urban area of the city of La Paz. The waves, with velocities up to 10 rn s-1, cause serious darnages to canal structures and nearby streets and houses. The phenornenon, which is commonly associated with the concept of flow instabíli ty, was analysed using the Montuori rnethod for clear water. Surprisingly, the Montuori rnethod predicted no waves formation in the rivers of interest. As concentrations over 190 g 1·1 had been registered in one of the rivers, the effect of suspended sedirnents was incorporated to the analysis. lt was found that this effect is alrnost negligible. Roll waves are related with sorne canal characteristics, but there is sorne factor still not deterrnined.


Surface-enhanced Fourier transform Raman scattering (FT-SERS) spectroscopy was used to characterize the adsorption structure of a poly[dA]·2poly[dT] DNA triplex at an ex-situ roughened silver electrode. We found that the triplex molecules have a favorable tendency to be adsorbed without any obvious destabilization at higher positive-charged surfaces via a phosphate-moiety-directed mechanism. However, the observed enhancement of intense Raman signals exhibits long-range rather than short-range character, as evidenced by the appearance of several strong SERS bands involving relevant vibrations of the ribose−phosphate backbone and the dT residues. Therefore, this phenomenon cannot be satisfactorily interpreted by the short-range enhancement mechanism that is usually believed to be the main contribution of the Raman enhancement of double-helical nucleic acids at a charged silver surface.


A rotor blade assembly (100) for a wind turbine (10) is disclosed. The rotor blade assembly (100) comprises a rotor blade (16) having a pressure side (22), a suction side (24), a front edge (26), and a trailing edge (28) between a tip (32) and a root extending, wherein the rotor blade (16) further defines a blade angle axis (40). The rotor blade assembly (100) further comprises a Larmverminderer (110) which is secured to the rotor blade (16). The Larmverminderer (110) comprises a base plate (112) which defines a base line (114), a plurality of noise reduction means (120) extending from said base line (114), and a plurality of openings (130) in the base plate (112) are fixed. Each opening (130) is positioned on a line relative to the base (114) of said plurality of noise reduction devices (120) opposite side so that the opening (130) is completely fixed in the base plate (112).


We provide some new computations of Farrell--Tate and Bredon (co)homology for arithmetic groups. For calculations of Farrell-Tate or Bredon homology, one needs cell complexes where cell stabilizers fix their cells pointwise. We provide an algorithm computing an efficient subdivision of a complex to achieve this rigidity property. Applying this algorithm to available cell complexes for PSL\_4(Z) and PGL\_3(Z[i]) provides computations of Farrell-Tate cohomology for small primes as well as the Bredon homology for the classifying spaces of proper actions with coefficients in the complex representation ring. On the other hand, in order to check correctness of the computer calculations, we describe the Farrell-Tate cohomology in some rank-one cases, using Brown's complex and a number-theoretic description of the conjugacy classification of cyclic subgroups.


Introduction: Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the most severe form of sickle cell disease; it presents variants that are called haplotypes βS. There are five major haplotypes βS gene: Arab-Indian/Saudi, Senegal, Benin, Bantu, and Camaroon. Objective: Characterize the presence of haplotypes in patients with SCA in Amapa. Methods: 46 sample were studied, all samples were amplified and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results: Bantu (61.2%), followed by Benin (26.5%) and Senegal (12.2%). Conclusion: We identified three haplotypes characteristic of African ethnicity, with the presence of Senegal. In our study we found the presence of atypical haplotype, suggesting concentration and semi-isolation of the founding groups with little mixing.


The neoliberalization of the Dutch citizenship manifests itself through the responsibilization, contractualization, and marketization of civic integration. We conceptualize civic integration courses as a neoliberal citizenship ritual the migrants are required to participate in to earn Dutch citizenship. By studying the practice of Dutch civic integration, we demonstrate the repressive and productive aspects through which migrants and course providers become objects and subjects of the state's neoliberal citizenship ideology. Our ethnographic data enable us to understand how civic integration is experienced and interpreted by state agents and migrants. Cost optimization and quantitative policy targets have dominated; the quality of Dutch language teaching suffered, leaving the migrants without the power to vocalize and realize their own interests. The courses have become rituals to prepare for the civic integration examination, and the state's professed goal to create self-reliant citizens has been comfortably neglected in the shadow of a ritualized success story.


Maximum likelihood (ML) estimation theory provides a general framework for developing optimum timing recovery schemes for digital communication systems. Feedforward schemes based on ML-theory have been shown to have rapid acquisition characteristics. Another important trend is to use digital interpolation for symbol timing adjustment. The so-called Farrow (1988) structure has become popular in this context because it offers an efficient and flexible realization structure for such an interpolation task. In a previous paper Vesma and Tuukkanen (see Proc. IEEE NORSIG 96, Espoo, Finland, p.183-6, 1997) proposed a new feedforward timing estimation scheme which utilizes the Farrow structure efficiently. The scheme is based on a low-order polynomial approximation for the log-likelihood function and also the derivative of this function is available with a small additional computational cost. The performance of the new timing recovery technique was found to be close to ideal even with short symbol block-lengths which is very important in mobile systems. In this paper, we show that this new scheme gives much better results when optimized training sequences are used. The scheme works also with severe multipath distortion channel.


This paper proposes a scattered-pilot-OFDM reception scheme employing turbo inter-carrier interference (ICI) cancellation in the fast varying fading environments of mobile communications. In the OFDM transmission, the orthogonality among the subcarriers cannot hold due to large Doppler shift, and the OFDM signal suffers from severe degradation due to ICI. The proposed receiver carries out two modes: (i) a coherent detection (CD) mode, and (ii) a turbo ICI cancellation (TC) mode. Initially, the receiver performs the CD mode. When any decision errors are detected, it shifts from the CD mode to the TC one that carries out both the ICI cancellation and the channel estimation by using the decoder output (the log likelihood ratio). In addition, the iteration of the TC mode can improve the accuracy of the channel estimation and ICI cancellation ability. Computer simulations following specifications for the mobile reception mode in the digital terrestrial television broadcasting demonstrate that the receiver can effectively cancel ICI due to the fast varying fading, and that its average BER performance is much better than that of CD.


In this paper we have studied AgxZn1-xO alloys by the method of the density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation and the projector augmented wave pseudopotentials. In order to calculate the crystal structure of the AgxZn1-xO alloys with wurtzite structure, we adopt a 32-atom AgnZn16-nO16 supercell which allows the simulation of the silver composition x=0.0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.375, 0.50, 0.625, 0.75, 0.875, and 1.0. The calculated results show that the formation energies and the calculated lattice constants of AgxZn1-xO increases by the x increasing. As a result, the doping of Ag becomes more difficult with the increment of Ag concentration. Furthermore,the solid solubility of Ag in wurtzite ZnO is small.


ABSTRACT Experimental viscosities, η, for pure N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and acetone (ACT) and their binary mixtures are measured over the whole composition range as a function of temperature between 298.15 and 313.15 K. The deviations in viscosity, ∆η, Gibbs free energy of activation ∆G, entropies ∆S*, enthalpies ∆H of activation of viscous flow have been calculated. The determination of excess molar volumes, VηE, was calculated from the experimental viscosities for the binary mixtures. The conductor-like screening model is applied to interpret the intermolecular forces. The σ-profile is computed for the N,N-DMF and ACT with conductor-like screening model for real solvents. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. Moreover, viscosity data were calculated from the theoretical equations of Grunberg and Nissan, Hind et al. and Wilke for the entire systems. All results obtained were averaged experimentally and theoretically in terms of average deviations.


Results for the production of W-bosons in conjunction with up to three jets including parton shower corrections are presented and compared to recent LHC data. These results consistently incorporate the full next-to leading order QCD corrections through the MC{at}NLO method, as implemented in the SHERPA event generator, with the virtual corrections obtained from the BLACKHAT library.


Galactose at concentrations higher than 3 mM inhibited specifically auxin-induced elongation of oat, wheat and rice coleoptile segments but not of pea and mung bean stem segments. Glucose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, mannose and glucosamine did not inhibit auxin-induced elongation of coleoptile segments. Galactose inhibited auxin-induced but not hydrogen ion-induced growth.


I have taught a number of law-school seminars over the last 18+ years. With quite direct inspiration from a teacher I had the good fortune to study under as a liberal-arts student at St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland, I offer a small number of focused suggestions to foster more informative, rewarding conversations in any conventional law school seminar.


It is well established that there is a strong relationship between psychiatric admission rates and socioeconomic deprivation; the more deprived the area, the more admissions may be expected (Hirsch, 1988). In the development of community resources for the men tally ill, therefore, an aim might be to site the majority of facilities in areas of greatest social deprivation, as that is where the majority of patients will live. It might also be expected that areas of greater deprivation would have more professional NHS staff. The present survey examines the siting of rehabilitation and sup port services in the catchment areas of Scottish psychiatric hospitals in relation to measures to socioeconomic deprivation. It also examines the relation ship between deprivation and numbers of professional NHS staffin the different catchment areas.


Abstract The contribution focuses on the origin, genesis and transformation of (n)ostalgy in the new German Bundesländer. It focuses on the political-ideological, life biography, societal and economic frame of ostalgy and presents this phaenomenon as a general East-Central European feature. Later, it specifically analyses the East German case presenting and analysing the uniqueness of this case. The intra-German discourse is used as the main shape for such analysis, and the bipolarisation of the discourse and the stereotypes used. In the last analytical part we present the transmission of ostalgic supporters of the successor Party of Democratic Socialism towards the new radical party Alternative for Germany, showing the overlap of ostalgy as the socio-economic and ideo-political background with the new forms of anti-liberal and nativist stances.


A cryogenic current comparator(CCC) is based on the properties of ideal superconductors to expel magnetic flux from the bulk material through shielding currents on the surface of the material. As this effect is only dependent on the magnetic field, the CCC allows measuring the magnetic field, e.g. generated by a passing ion beam, they can be measured non-destructively with a high precision. In figure 1 the main components of a CCC are shown. The magnetic field of the beam current creates shielding currents on the superconducting magnetic ring structure, which are transformed with a torodial single turn pick-up coil and its ferromagnetic core. The signal from the pickup coil is feed to a LTS DC SQUID and measured via the external electronics.


This study explores the mini-guide programme delivered by the Brazilian Sea Turtle Conservation Program (Tartarugas Marinhas or TAMAR) in the fishing community of Praia do Forte, Bahia, Brazil. Established in 1995, this programme lasts 1 year, training local children, aged 10–14 years, in guiding skills and learning about sea turtles and marine ecosystems. The children also receive a monthly stipend. In-depth semi-structured interviews with 77 local community members were conducted during 9 months of ethnographic research to assess perceptions about the programme. The interviews also included seven former students who provided an evaluation of the programme from their perspective. The results indicate community-wide support for the programme, with locals focussing not only on greater environmental awareness of the children (or Tamarzinhos, as they are called), but also on the personal development as a result of participation. Former Tamarzinhos themselves agree with this assessment and demonstrate knowledge gain and positive behaviour about conservation of marine species, new aspirations towards higher education, greater training and skill acquisition. As such, long-term environmental programmes such as the mini-guide programme at TAMAR can promote socio-economic and environmental changes that last throughout the youth and adult lives of the children.


This study analyses how online participants of celebrity gossip position themselves in relation to their audience through forms of moral argumentation and thereby contribute to social hierarchies. In this study, forms of moral argumentation are seen as enthymemes, that is, claim-reason units based on moral norms as premises. The material consists of a total of 900 asynchronous online comments in English and 900 in Finnish. In addition to rhetorical argumentation analysis, the study investigates the dependency of moral argumentation on three contextual variables: gendered violence as the topic of discussion (domestic violence/female celebrities' fights), as the shared culture of participants (Finnish-speaking, 'national'/English-speaking, 'multicultural' participants) and a media institution as the moderator of online discourse (media-generated/user-generated websites). Four forms of moral argumentation were found in the material: 1) theoretical (deductive), 2) practical (contextual), 3) categorical (stereotype-based) and 4) digital ('crowding') enthymeme. Theoretical, practical and categorical enthymemes are rhetorical in a traditional sense because they include the hierarchical idea of moral norms as the shared, more or less authoritarian, basis of a community. Digital enthymemes, conversely, are texts without clear borders or any notion of moral norms. Such arguments characterized especially user-generated, English-language discussions concerning female celebrities' fights. This indicates that the digital enthymeme is particularly prevalent where there is a lack of obvious hierarchies in the context of argumentation. As this study argues, however, the seemingly non-hierarchical and individualistic participation through digital enthymemes is a mere illusion, for these enthymemes are based on crowd behaviour supportive of sexist and class-bound domination.


Neurons in the early stages of visual processing should represent the statistical properties of natural scenes efficiently. In previous studies, independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to images based on monochromatic or trichromatic cone arrays (Bell & Sejnowski, 1997; Lee et al., 1999). Here, we compare the results of this approach to physiological data based on the experimental conditions in Hanazawa et al., 2000. The resulting whitening filters could be categorized into the three classes of type I neurons found in the LGN (two classes for r-g, a third for y-b). In particular, both luminance and red-green information were coded together, as found in pLGN cells. Furthermore, the ICA filters can be categorized into simple-cell and double-opponent (DO)-cell types. The simple-cell type showed a spatial organization similar to the filters that emerge when ICA is applied to monochromatic natural images and their chromatic selectivity was identical to the luminosity function. The DO-cell type had spatially-oriented chromatically-opponent subfields, and had two subtypes based on their color selectivity (red-green and yellow-blue opponency). Characteristics of the simple-cell type and the DO-cell type suggest that they are responsible for form and color information, respectively. This was confirmed by reconstructing an image with single cell types. The separation of form and color channels is a statistically efficient way to encode natural scenes that arose during evolution, but these properties could also depend on visual experience during development in a local environment.


A shoelace looseness-prevention buckle comprises a base, an antiskid gear and a looseness-prevention brake mechanism. The base is used for being fixed on a shoe upper, and a vertically and upwards extending fixed shaft is arranged in the middle of the base. The antiskid gear is rotatably fixed on the fixed shaft, and an escape-prevention cover plate is positioned on a top surface fixing cover. The looseness-prevention brake mechanism comprises a brake seat, an elastic abutting and clamping part and a clamping column fixed on the base. In a normal state, a shoelace can be clamped under the action of the elastic abutting and clamping part, the antiskid gear is prevented from returning back, and the normal state can remain reliably. The antiskid gear can unidirectionally rotate along the tying direction of the shoelace, the shoelace can be freely tightened in the state, and the shoelace cannot loosen by self, and the shoelace can remain in the tying state. When the shoelace is loosened, the brake seat is operated, the antiskid gear can freely rotate in a bidirectional mode, the clamped shoelace is released, and the shoelace can be loosened smoothly. After operation is finished, the elastic abutting and clamping part can automatically return under the elastic force to remain in a looseness-prevention state. The shoelace looseness-prevention buckle is simple in structure, convenient to operate, excellent in working stability, light in whole body and convenient to install.


I would like first of all to thank you, Mr. President, for entrusting me with this opening paper. I am appreciative of this honour, and the title of the paper is indeed most acceptable. The period under review—the past thirteen years—is momentous to our generation as it covers the Second World War and the first post-war quinquenium. It is epochmaking in many medical and scientific achievements; of these the discovery of new antibiotics, the application of nuclear physics, both to the destruction and the attempts at preservation of life, and the synthesis of many new vitamins and hormones are the most important. The "clinical perspective" from the angle of radiology narrows down the review, but such limitation also brings into relief the increasing part played by radiology in medicine, in biology, and in the pure sciences. If one compares the state of clinical knowledge and the clinical methods of 1937 with those of to-day, there is no difficulty in pointing out the advances and changes made possible by th...


A 21 year men was referred to our Institution in 2007 for mild cytopenia and laboratory signs of hemolysis (Figure 1); based on flow cytometry, the diagnosis of PNH in the context of moderate AA was made. The patient did not receive any etiologic treatment until March 2009, when he started eculizumab because of severe anemia due to overt symptomatic hemolysis. The patient had no benefit from anticomplement treatment, with increasing transfusional need; after 3 months, the diagnosis of severe AA was documented. In absence of a suitable donor, Immunosuppressive Treatment (IST) was chosen as etiologic treatment [6]; the patients was enrolled in the trial NCT00895739 [7], which investigated the anti-CD52 alemtuzumab and cyclosporine A (CyA) as an alternative IST for AA. Given the persistent major PNH population, we decided to not discontinue eculizumab to minimize the risk of massive intravascular hemolysis and possible thrombotic complications. Alemtuzumab was administered subcutaneously (3-10-30-30 mg in 4 consecutive days), without relevant side effect. Irrespective of eculizumab, immediate and profound lymphocytopenia (absolute lymphocyte count <50/μL) was observed, as in patients not receiving alemtuzumab [7]. The IST resulted in a substantial increase of neutrophil, reticulocyte and platelet counts, with the best hematological response achieved at 4 months from treatment. Unfortunately, in the following months, irrespective of chronic CyA maintenance, blood counts felt down, thus the relapse of SAA prompted us to consider a second-line treatment. Given that the best unrelated donor was 5/6 HLA matched, we opted for a second course of IST using the rabbit Anti-Thymocyte Globuline (r-ATG) associated with CyA. The treatment was completed as scheduled (3.75 mg/kg for 5 days) without any side effect, and again lymphocyte depletion was observed irrespective of continuous eculizumab treatment. After this second IST the patient experienced progressive improvement of his blood counts, finally resulting in complete response (Figure 1). Notably, reappearance of intravascular hemolysis required transient increase of eculizumab dosage; with the progressive reduction of the PNH population, eculizumab was tapered to the standard dosage. The patient now shows normal blood counts, in absence of maintenance CyA treatment and without any sign or symptom of hemolysis.


Based on morphological and immunological studies, we hypothesize that there are two lineages within the Sclerotiniaceae, a family of plant-infecting ascomycetes in the order Helotiales: 1) genera producing sclerotia, which are tuberlike, melanized masses of hyphae, and 2) genera producing substratal stromata, which are mats of compact hyphae that incorporate plant tissues. We sequenced the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS 1), defined by primers ITS 1 and 2, in 43 isolates: 29 sclerotial isolates (19 species in 9 genera), 11 substratal isolates (8 species in 4 genera), and 3 outgroup isolates in the Leotiaceae (3 species in 3 genera). Direct, double-stranded sequencing yielded ca 170 bases for sclerotial isolates and ca 200 bases for substratal and outgroup isolates. MACVECTOR and MULTALIN were used for global alignment, and multiple alignment with hierarchical clustering, respectively. The Internal Transcribed Spacer showed close similarity among most of the sclerotial taxa (76 to 100% similarity to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum). This supports our hypothesis that a sclerotial lineage exists and suggests that this lineage has evolved relatively recently. Isolates of the asexual (mitotic) species Sclerotium cepivorum showed 98% similarity to those of the genus Sclerotinia. Sequence divergence was greater (45 to 65% similarity to S. sclerotiorum) amongst the substratal taxa and our outgroups. Parsimony analysis produced one statistically strongly supported tree for a group of species in the genus Rutstroemia, including Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. Although such subclusters of species can be distinguished using parsimony analysis, we conclude that a substratal lineage cannot be discerned based on sequence data from the ITS. Among these more distantly related taxa, including some substratal ingroup taxa and the outgroup taxa, ITS 1 is saturated with changes and shows relatively equal dissimilarity. The variation observed in the ITS does not resolve among more distantly related taxa.


Individual prognostic system of thymoma progression probability was developed on the basis of analysis of treatment results of 91patients with thymoma. The system is based on morphological typing and tumor grade staging. Different treatment variations were proposed and validated according to that system. The proposed method of prognosis assessment in patients with thymoma is simple and chip.


While there are many well-developed data science methods for classification and regression, there are relatively few methods for working with right-censored data. Here, we present"survival stacking": a method for casting survival analysis problems as classification problems, thereby allowing the use of general classification methods and software in a survival setting. Inspired by the Cox partial likelihood, survival stacking collects features and outcomes of survival data in a large data frame with a binary outcome. We show that survival stacking with logistic regression is approximately equivalent to the Cox proportional hazards model. We further recommend methods for evaluating model performance in the survival stacked setting, and we illustrate survival stacking on real and simulated data. By reframing survival problems as classification problems, we make it possible for data scientists to use well-known learning algorithms (including random forests, gradient boosting machines and neural networks) in a survival setting, and lower the barrier for flexible survival modeling.


This paper presents a new method to estimate the scalp Laplacian EEG from scalp potentials on a realistic geometry scalp surface. The mathematical potential distribution on the realistically shaped scalp is constructed using a three-dimensional spline, and the mathematical scalp geometry model is constructed using a two-dimensional spline. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by computer simulations using the three-concentric-sphere head model. The feasibility of the present method has also been tested in visual-evoked potentials recorded in a human subject. The present simulation and experimental data suggest that the proposed method provides an alternative to estimating the surface Laplacian from potentials over a realistic-geometry scalp.


Growth and optical properties of high quality AlN single crystals grown by physical vapor transport using powder sublimation is presented. Crystallinity, incorporated impurities and their effects on the optical properties are evaluated for different crucible materials and growth environments. A significant reduction of impurity incorporation was achieved using a two‐step growth process in a TaN crucible. Crystal defects and the effect of incorporated impurities on the optical properties have been analyzed by their characteristic photoluminescence and absorption, Raman‐ and glow discharge mass spectroscopy.


Dyes are usually difficult to be decolorized due to their complex chemical structures.Chemical different dyes were used in the dye decolorization test.Laccase crude enzyme solution to a final concentration of 50 mg/L of different chemical structure of the dye decolorization,And fast grace quinones Alizarin Red decolorization of up to 100%;Heterocyclic neutral red,Azo kind of Congo red and Triphenylmethane crystal violet Decolorizing effect below alizarin red.The result demonstrated the potential application prospects of the laccase from Lenzites gibbosa dye-containing wastewater treatment.Using PCR and RACE technique,We obtain the cDNA and genomic DNA sequence of the laccase gene from Lenzites gibbosa,Genome size for 2 106 bp.By comparing the laccase cDNA gene and genome DNA sequence length,Found that the gene contains 11 exon and 10 introns.cDNA sequence of full length for 1 982 bp,contains a complete ORF,length for 1 563 bp,code 520 amino acids.


Positive photoresists appeared to be the most promising material in VLSI microfabrication for ten or more years from now. Thus, processing know-how needs to be accumulated continuously. This work deals with thermal characteristics of positive photoresist. The following facts were declared experimentally. The quinone diazide, photosensitizer, was thermally decomposed at around 140°C to release N2. Simultaneously the surface layer of resist film was changed into innert state, called as 'husk', with low gas permeability and high chemical resistance. These thermal changes in resist film affect the photoresist to SiO2 adhesion. In this work a noble process, named double exposure stabilization, is developed to get sufficient chemical resistance and good adhesion simultaneously.


Direct polarity inversion of conjugate acceptors provides a valuable, although underdeveloped entry to homoenolates. As part of studies focused on this topic we have designed and developed N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed reactions in which b-unsubstituted conjugate acceptors undergo homoenolate formation and C-C bond formation twice. Specifically, this has allowed all-carbon (5 + 1) annulations to give a range of mono- and bicyclic cyclohexanones (31-examples). In the first family of annulations, b-unsubstituted acrylates tethered to a divinyl ketone undergo cycloisomerization provide hexahydroindenes and tetralins. In the second, partially untethered substrates undergo an intermolecular (5 + 1) annulation involving dimerization followed by cycloisomerization. While enantioselectivity was not possible with the former, the latter proved viable, allowing cyclohexanones to be produced with high levels of enantiopurity (most >95:5 er), and exclusive diastereoselectivity (>20:1 dr). Derivatizations and mechanistic studies are also reported.


We studied a magnetic gear which is noiseless, oilless, and maintenance-fee, intend for use in a wind-power generator. Generally, industrial machines such as cams need not only a constant speed, but also a variable speed ratio and displacement. Cams can be replaced by eccentric gear or non-circular gear. In the latter case, it is reasonable to use a magnetic gear, because it has a flexible center distance and can be expected to act as a shock absorber in meshing.In this report, the operation principle of non-circular magnetic gear is explained and a method of designing such gears for practical use is discussed. The operation principle is demonstrated by reference to a trial model and the results of a static test of performance characteristics are examined.


Dry matter and N accumulation of cotton cultivar,CCRI49,were studied under the jujube and cotton intercropping system at 4 nitrogen levels,pure N 0(N0),207(N1),310(N2) and 414(N3) kg/ha.The results show that the cotton dry matter weights and nitrogen accumulations in different treatments are in the Logistic equations,and the biomass and N accumulation in the close crown areas of jujube are higher than those in the far crown areas under the N0 and N1 treatments,while they are opposite under the N2 and N3 treatments.The beginning times and maximum accumulated rates of rapid accumulation of dry matter are delayed when excess or insufficient N fertilizers are applied in the close crown areas,and the accumulations of dry matters in reproductive organs are reduced.The decreased values of metabolin caused by the higher N fertilizer are less than those of the low N treatmnet or non-N treatment.It is shown that the optimal nitrogen rate could accelerate the accumulation of biomass and N at the earlt growth stages,improve excellent photosynthate absorption,accumulation rate and earlier present time of maximum N uptake rate,and benefit to the formation of high cotton yield.Excess and deficiency nitrogen applications are disadvantages for establishment of rational colony.


Conventionally, model equation for cutting process has been used at adaptive control. But in this paper, the cutting force is discerned by piezo electric dynamometer and is controlled adaptively using fuzzy inferance so that the constant load feeding is possible. Main conclusions are as follows : (1) with proper design of fuzzy label, more active cutting force control is possible. (2) adaptive control is possible with only qualitative knowledge instead of model equation of cutting process.


Economic crises are particularly detrimental if they affect next-generation human capital. This paper investigates how paternal unemployment affects children's educational attainment and how much of this effect can be accounted for by psychological mechanisms. It uses variation in the local unemployment rate to identify the causal effect of individual unemployment. The findings indicate that paternal unemployment a considerable negative effect on upper secondary school choice. Moreover, it adversely affects measures of child selfconfidence in educational success, locus of control and mental health. These findings are consistent with a theoretical framework where paternal unemployment affects the return to education through the subjective probability of successful school completion. JEL Classification: I20, J63, J64.


A study was conducted to determine the effect of live weight of pheasants on egg production and egg quality characteristics. A total of 48 ring-necked pheasants were divided into control, heavy, middle and light BW groups. Live weights of the control were 1,187 g, 1,352.92 g for heavy group, 1,247.92 g for middle group and 1,003.33 g for light group. Egg production of groups were found as 47.32, 42.82, 45.79 and 46.51% respectively, in 10 weeks of period. There were no statistical differences on egg production among the groups. The effect of live weight on egg weight, shape index, specific gravity, shell weight, shell thickness, Haugh Unit, yolk weight and albumen weight were found statistically significant (p 0.05). On the other hand, other important factors to be effective on the egg quality of pheasants should be investigated. As a result of this study, live weight of pheasant hens is not an important factor to obtain high egg production in pheasants. But, body conformation of breeding materials should be in good conditions. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2004. Vol 17, No. 5 : 684-687)


To determine the surface reflectance of an object independent of the illuminant, a system must use the spatiochromatic context of the image. The authors have developed a neural network model based on the anatomy and physiology of the visual projection from the retina to V4. The network combines color-opponent and contrast information to achieve a good degree of color constancy. This network has been tested on simulated images corresponding to the stimuli used in well established psychophysical experiments. Responses qualitatively matched human responses to a variety of center-surround and Mondrian test stimuli.<<ETX>>


Let μq2(n,k) denote the minimum number of multiplications required to compute the coefficients of the product of two degree n k - 1 polynomials modulo the kth power of an irreducible polynomial of degree n over the q2 element field \BBF q2. It is shown that for all odd q and all n = 1,2,..., liminfk → ∞[( μq2(n,k))/ k n] ≤ 2 (1 + [ 1/( q - 2)] ). For the proof of this upper bound, we show that for an odd prime power q, all algebraic function fields in the Garcia-Stichtenoth tower over \BBF q2 have places of all degrees and apply a Chudnovsky like algorithm for multiplication of polynomials modulo a power of an irreducible polynomial.


The present invention relates to a method for preparing a surface for building an antibacterial antifungal agent, film-forming aid is added in an emulsion paint used in architectural coatings, nano-TiO 2 , dispersants, emulsifiers, multifunctional additives and anti-mildew additives dispersed and mixed, the control of the components by weight percentage: 20% coating 90% emulsion, nano-TiO 2 0.1% ~ 5%, coalescent in an amount of 0.1% to 10% dispersant 0.05% to 0.5%, emulsifier 0.1% to 1%, multifunctional additives 0.1% to 1%, 0.1% adjuvant mold to 10% water, 5% ~ 70 %. Antibacterial antifungal agent of the present invention prepared can be sprayed on surfaces of buildings at any time to update antibacterial antifungal catalytic coating, the use of simple, flexible, and the external coating has good adhesion and compatibility, while exploiting the titanium dioxide catalyzes fungicide synergistic bactericidal mildew, formaldehyde and other volatile VOC gases may be removed, and the preparation method is simple, less additives, low production cost.


This year, three new contributors to our regular columns join our staff. Douglas Hill of the University of Toronto becomes one of our two columnists in the 'Fiction' category. He replaces R.P. Bilan, who has done an excellent job. Kathy Mezei of Simon Fraser University, herself a literary translator, takes over the 'Translations' section. John J. O'Connor, who wrote this column from its inception six years ago, has rightly become known across Canada for the meticulous attention he brought to that task. Martin Rumscheidt of the Atlantic School of Theology replaces his Maritime colleague, Emero Stiegman, in the 'Religion' section. To all three we express our appreciation for a valued contribution. This year, exceptionally, the poetry column has been prepared by a tandem, our regular contributor, Sandra Djwa, assisted by R.B. Hatch of the University of British Columbia. (B-ZS)


The Current State and Outlook on the 'Popularization of Historical Studies' in Smart Media - with a Focus on the Podcast [Man-in- Man-Saek] Although...


Because of indexical high complexity of establishment,superior difficulty of maintenance and high consumption of space,an improved suffix tree full-text index model is proposed for those drawbacks of the traditional one.It divides the relatively large suffix tree into several Three Dimensional Suffix Tree(3DST).It makes the establishment and maintenance of index more convenient and faster by simplifying the structure of the suffix tree.Meanwhile,the improved model reduces the space and increases time and space efficiency by making the common prefix of Adjacent Character Pair(ACP) root node of the suffix tree.Experimental result shows that the improved model has a higher space and time efficiency than the traditional one.


Current optical microscope imaging heavily relies on fluorescence-based detection because of its high detection sensitivity and molecular specificity through labeling. However, the photophysics and photochemistry of the fluorophores, e.g., photobleaching, blinking and saturation, have limited its applicability to long-term observation and quantitative imaging. Label-free interference microscopy potentially overcomes the challenges aforementioned by measuring the scattered field of the sample quantitatively, but these approaches usually compromise on the sensitivity and molecular specificity of imaging. Here, we demonstrate coherent brightfield (COBRI) microscopy, a highly sensitive scatteringbased interference microscopy, to capture the dynamic linear scattering signal of live cell nucleus. We demonstrate a strategy to reconstruct the nuclear organization from the time-lapse COBRI imaging. Our method offers the opportunity to investigate the cell nuclear dynamics at the unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions.


Inclusive J/ψ and ψ(2S) production has been studied in pp collisions at √s=1.8 TeV using 2.6±0.2 pb -1 of data taken with the Collider Detector at Fermilab. The products of production cross section times branching fraction were measured as functions of P T for J/ψ→μ + μ - and ψ(2S)→μ + μ -


An optical receiver front-end circuit is designed and fabricated in IBM 0.18μm SiGe BiCMOS technology.The whole circuit consists of a transimpedance amplifier(TIA)with differential common-source configuration,four limiting amplifiers and an output buffer.SiGe het- erojunction bipolar transistors(HBTs)with better high-frequency performance are used for the differential input pair,thus reducing the equivalent input resistance,and effectively expanding the bandwidth of the optical receiver.The simulation results indicate that the optical receiver ter- minated with 50Ωload resistance and 10pF load capacitance has a transimpedance gain of 74.59 dB,and a-3dB bandwidth of 2.4GHz.The optical receiver successfully realizes 3Gb/s data rate with a bit-error rate of 10-9 at incident current of 50μA.The fabricated optical receiver has 910μm×420μm chip area,and consumes 39.6mW at 1.8Vsupply.The experimental results show that the optical receiver front-end achieves a-3dB bandwidth of 1.9GHz.


The article characterises the link between the foreign sector and growth in Colombia 1952-2000. Thirlwall's law was tested and found to be valid for this period. There was a long-term relationship between GDP and export growth, income and price elasticity of demand for imports and the real exchange rate. The country gravitated towards a 4.4% growth rate in the long run.


RÉSUMÉ M. Goren Department of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. Received 21/11/79, in revised form 12/2/80, accepted 20/2/80. The development of the benthic community on an artificial substratum in Ashdod (Eastern Mediterranean) was studied. The artificial substratum exposed for settlement of marine organisms was smooth polyethylene. Every mon th four test panels were removed and preserved. The animais removed from these panels were sorted and identified, mostly to the specifie level. The number of individuals, the wet weight and the nitrogen content were determined. The community consisted of about 76 species, which are representative of eleven phyla, as follows: Arthropoda, 26 species; Annelida, 17; Mollusca, 14; Bryozoa, 6; Coelenterata, 4; Porifera, 3; Tunicata, 2; Nemertini, 1; Platyhelminthes, 1; Sipunculida, 1. 62 % of the individuals found in the community were Annelids and 36 % were Arthropods. 50 to 60 % of the biomass yielded by the Arthropods and most of the remaining biomass was contributed by the Annelids, Molluscs and Bryozoans. The number of species in the monthly samples increased during the research period from 26 to 48. Species diversity was calculated by Brillouin's formula, and was found to fluctuate widely from 0.91 to 2.32. The values of the rate evenness (H/Hmax) were found to be low (0. 070. 28), which is indicative for a homogenous community. The rate of the changes of the community structure was calculated by the formula: • GKL= L 1 PiK-PiL ,.50.


Over the years marketing theory development has been limited and small enterprises often have to rely on marketing models used in big businesses. There are a number of marketing strategies that are currently applied by large companies in South Africa which cannot be implemented by small retailers. This is because of the complexity of some of the marketing strategies alluded above are not suited to small retailers because of their limited educational background and resources. Facing the problem of intense competition, SMME entrepreneurs often have to rely on price and other short term strategies to market and sell their products to the ultimate consumer. Entrepreneurs are constantly faced with challenges that restrict their productivity and economic potential. SMMEs face the challenge of marketing their products and services properly to the right markets in order to get returns from their investments. The data for the study was collected by means of interviews. The study used a judgemental sampling. Findings from the study prove that entrepreneurs rely on word of mouth, reducing prices and other low cost promotional strategies for marketing and sale purposes. The findings indicate that it might be useful for SMME's to change their promotional strategies to suit the South African consumer market to ensure long term profitability. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n25p118


Purpose – The main objective of this paper is to simultaneously determine the moderating role of relational learning in the relationship between Innovation Capability, Total Quality Management and SMEs Performance. This study attempts to expand the insights by determining these relationships in the context of a rapidly liberalizing and developing economy; Pakistan. By conducting this research with Pakistani data, the authors can assess whether the relationship between these three strategic resources shows systematic differences to those in developed economies.Design/methodology/approach – The authors of this study utilized the data collected through survey method in Electric Fan Industry of Pakistan. Well established scales were adopted from past research in order to measure the constructs used in the study. Structural equation modeling technique was used to test the hypotheses of the study. 239 fan manufacturing firms have been included in the sample. The authors used Smart PLS version 3 for data analysis.Findings – The findings revealed that relational learning moderates the relationship between predictor and criterion variables. Contrary to the previous findings, no significant relationship between Innovation Capability and SME Performance was found to exist; however, there existed a positively significant relationship between total quality management and SME performance.Research limitations/implications – Owing to the cross-sectional time frame that the study follows, it does not infer any causality. Having been limited to only fan manufacturing industry, the study calls for further research in different industry/country perspectives.Practical implications – The study highlights policy building prospects for Pakistani government based on the principles of innovation capability and quality enhancement through collaborating with business networks and exploring the potential of relational learning to help improve overall SMEs performance.Originality/value – This study contributes to the growing body of literature on SMEs-level innovation, TQM and relational learning in developing economies like Pakistan.


This paper introduces an alternative multiplicative performance measure for the aggregation of different criteria estimates for decision making. The application to a decision problem of upgrading enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is considered for illustration.


The model is today a crucial notion in the social and physical sciences. Revisiting several philosophical or historical works on models, the author gives elements for a genealogy of this category, ranging from its use by Maxwell and Boltzmann in physics to the debates of the Vienna circlce on model theory in mathematical logic, and later, the irruption of the notion in the field of social sciences around World War 2, due to the progress made in applied mathematics, computer science and simulations as well as in structural modelling and operational research. The study of complex objects such as ecosystems, the climate or the world economy, which can not be represented within the framework of a single theory, have necessitated a plurality of approaches to knowledge, some of which are theoretical, others empirical. The model, and the software that is used must seek to integrate these various elements of knowledge, while taking into account the aims of the modelling activity; arbitrages, decisions about actions and the management of systems. Rather than a cognitive mediator between theory and observation, modelling has come to be a social and political activity, intrinsically linked to the motivations of the participating actors and to collective decisions.


We wish to express our appreciation for Dr. Silverstein's comments on our article. We agree with Dr. Silverstein's suggestion that there might be a rupture of Reissner's membrane when changes in the endolymphatic Na + concentrations fail to return to normal and wish to draw attention to this possibility as expressed on page 6 of the article: The endolymphatic Na + concentration did not return to the control level after intense and prolonged acoustic stimulation. Damage to the cochlear membranes or disturbance of cochlear blood supply may be responsible for this phenomenon. Some investigators (Suga F: Otologia Fukuoka 8 (Suppl 3):187, 1962) have reported that extremely intense sound produces irreversible decreases in endolymphatic direct current potential, and the cause of this phenomenon may have a common mechanism with the irreversible increase in the endolymphatic sodium ion concentration after intense sound stimulation. The point regarding histological control is well taken. We are continuing the


Using a processor tensiometer, the capillary rise technique is a tool to measure the wettability of powders followed by evaluation of the contact angle and the surface free energy of the solid. After a theoretical introduction into the contact angle evaluation model, according to Washburn and surface free energy determination, measurements with n-hexane and acetone on six surface modified titanium dioxide pigments and their ranking in terms of wettability (or hydrophilicity) are presented.


In conventional drilling at temperatures up to 300 °F with water-based drilling fluids carbohydrate based polymers like starches and CMC/PAC are used for rheology stabilization and for fluid loss control. Under HTHP conditions (300 °F 400 °F) these polymers fail because of their chemical structure which involves acetal linkages. Fully synthetic coand terpolymers with only carboncarbon bonds in the backbone based on vinysulfonatevinylamide type monomers provide the necessary thermal stability for HTHP conditions. Even up to 450 °F, in particular cases even 500 °F could be managed wit these polymers. Unlike for instance CMC they also tolerate bivalent cations up to saturation. Thus nowadays deep and hot wells can be drilled safely with water based muds with vertical depths of 16,000 feet and more. The same class of HTHP polymers is also used for cementing of deep and ultra deep wells. Recently cross-linkable versions of vinylsulfonatevinylamide type polymers have been developed. Cross-linking is achieved at temperatures up to 400 °F with metal salts or chelates, e.g. based on aluminum, titanium or zirconium and yields high temperature stable gels. More viscous solutions up to non-flowing, but deformable ("ringing") gels can be obtained by varying both polymer and cross-linker. Crosslinking can be delayed or shifted to higher temperatures with suitable retarders. INTRODUCTION The demand for oil and gas will increase and the production from mature reservoirs will decline. The overall production needs to grow. Therefore production methods must be improved, more wells need to be drilled and more new reservoirs need to be developed. This will also include more drilling for deeper and hotter wells. Thus the demand for systems and products with higher thermo stability will increase. DRILLING MUDS Drilling muds are essential for successful drilling. They need to be carefully designed and maintained because they have to fulfill many complex requirements, for instance: • Adequate rheology for the removal of rock cuttings via the annulus and for the separation in the subsurface devices. • Reduce the fluid loss into the formation by forming a thin filter cake with low permeability. • Cool and lubricate the drill bit and drill string and reduce friction between drill string and formation. • Stabilize the non-cased borehole by avoiding shale swelling. • Minimize formation damage in the productive formation (pay zone). • Ensure adequate evaluation of the formation (MWD well logging). • Minimize the impact on the environment. The suspension of cuttings under static conditions, their removal from the borehole, their transport to the surface installations and their separation requires a thixotropic shear thinning or pseudo plastic fluid rheology. In water based muds these basic rheological properties are achieved by special clays like bentonite, predominantly a sodium montmorillonite. The clays also reduce the fluid loss by forming a thin filter cake with low permeability to the wall of the borehole, thus preventing the invasion of the fluid into the formation. To control the rheological properties of aqueous clay suspensions, also in the presence of electrolytes, special polymers, mostly anionic polyelectrolytes, are necessary. Clays like montmorillonite are layered alumo silicates which are negatively charged within the layers. The negative charges are compensated by exchangeable cations between the layers. These clays consist of plate like particles with negative partial charges on the surfaces (faces) and positive partial charges on the edges. When sodium bentonite is dispersed in water it swells significantly and finally a complex equilibrium between aggregated, dispersed and flocculated particles is formed. The partial flocculation of the hydrated clay results in a "house of cards" structure. This structure impairs the basic thixotropic rheological properties of drilling muds because of its shear behavior: AADE-08-DF-HO-12 Vinylsulfonate-vinylamide copolymers and cross-linkable modifications thereof Up-to-date chemicals for HTHP drilling, cementing and completion fluids Dr. Karl Heinz Heier, Dr. Christoph Kayser, Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbH 2 Dr. Karl Heinz Heier, Dr. Christoph Kayser AADE-08-DF-HO-12 • Partial gelation resp. flocculation under static conditions, high viscosity at low shear rates to avoid sedimentation of the cuttings. • Shear thinning at higher shear rates to facilitate pumpability and circulation of the mud, providing an adequate plastic viscosity for the transport of the cuttings. Mud Additives Thinners / deflocculants In case the gelation and the viscosity profile of the mud is too high, the flocculated particles need to be deflocculated. Deflocculation is achieved by anionic polyelectrolytes with short chain lengths and molecular weights below 100,000 Daltons. Table 1: Operability limits of mud additives Thinners / Deflocculants Polyphosphates 175 °F Quebracho / Tannins 250 °F Lignosulfonates 340 °F Lignites 400 °F Styrene sulfonic acid based copolymers 400 °F Polyacrylates (modified) 400 °F Ketone / aldehyde / sodium bisulfite polymer 400 °F These dispersing agents, also called thinners partly neutralize the electrochemical charges on the clays. Thus they deflocculate the house of card structures. Polyphosphates, polyacrylates, tannins, lignites and lignosulfonates are the most commonly used thinners/dispersants. Deflocculation also aids to reduce the fluid loss by allowing the clay particles to lay flat in the filter cake. Protective colloids To avoid an unstable rheology by the influx of electrolytes from the formation, protective colloids are added to drilling muds. These are water soluble polymers with molecular weights in the range of 100,000 1,000,000 Daltons which stabilize the "house of cards" state of the clays. Table 2: Operability limits of mud additives Protective colloids / viscosifiers Starch and Derivatives 250 °F Carboxymethylcellulose / PAC 300 °F Xanthan Gum 300 °F ---------------------------------------------------------------------Polyacrylamides / PHPA 400 °F VS / VA copolymers >400 °F Other AMPS based copolymers >400 °F Protective colloids are also mainly anionic polyelectrolytes. The anionic groups interact with the positive charges of the edges of the clay platelets. Depending on the molecular weight and the adsorption behavior, these polymers either disperse flocculated clays or stabilize the flocculated state of the clay suspension in the presence of electrolytes. Protective colloids are commonly called fluid loss additives because they promote the formation of a stable, thin and impermeable filter cake on the wall of the wellbore. Carboxymethylcellulose CMC and PAC (Poly Anionic Cellulose), a CMC with a higher degree of substitution are the most commonly used protective colloids and fluid loss additives in water based drilling muds. Like starches, CMC/PAC and also xanthan gum are carbohydrate based polymers. Their backbone of is based on anhydro glucose units which are linked β-glucosidic. The weak points of this backbone are the repeating acetal (-O-C-O-) linkages which are susceptible to both oxidative and thermal cleavage at temperatures above 280 °F. Whereas the oxidative degradation can be suppressed by radical scavengers, the thermal degradation limits the application of carbohydrate based polymers in general. Another limitation is the carboxymethyl substitution which is sensitive to high concentrations of bivalent calcium and magnesium cations in general. In wells with vertical depth >13,000 feet, in "hot spots" even already >10,000 feet, temperatures of 300 °F up to 500 °F are occurring. Under these conditions, carbohydrate based polymers like CMC/PAC fail because of oxidative and thermal degradation. The drilling muds will lose the necessary rheological properties and also the fluid loss will increase to unacceptably high levels.


An account is given of a system for accepting extracted radar and associated information stored in either digital or analogue form and for displaying it on a cathode-ray tube as a plaque of characters marking the plan position of each track relative to an overlay or video map. A vector is added to denote the velocity and direction of each track. The characters are produced as brightened dots on a small raster centred on the track position. A good definition of character is achieved by a selection from 9×7 such dots per character. The all-transistor pattern-generator described in the paper uses digital techniques throughout and has ferrite-core storage. Experience with this generator shows that a 2 Mc/s element rate is suitable. Each track can be displayed in 360 microsec and hence 280 tracks can be displayed with a 10 c/s repetition rate.


Present investigation was carried out to assess the heterotic yield potential of 162 indica rice hybrids derived from twenty six KMR3/O. rufipogon introgression lines (ILs) and six cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines. The derived hybrids and testers were phenotyped for days to 50% flowering, plant height, number of productive tillers and yield per plant. The performance of hybrids was estimated based on standard heterosis over the hybrid check KRH2 along with analysis of variance for combining ability. Among these 3 lines and 20 testers were identified as good general combiners and significantly contributed to yield per plant. Nine out of 162 hybrids viz., IR58025A x IL458, IR58025A x IL467, IR58025A x IL473, DRR9A x IL106, DRR9A x IL109, DRR9A x IL117, DRR9A x IL410, DRR9A x IL478 and IR68897A x IL410 showed significantly high specific combining ability (SCA) and standard heterosis over KRH2. These hybrids are recommended for large scale field evaluation for yield.


Bibliography Adams M 1981 O q konomische Analyse des Ziilprozesses (Economic Analysis of Ciil Procedure). Athenaeum, Ko$ nigstein Adams M 1986 Der Zivilprozeß als Folge strategischem Verhaltens (Civil law procedures as the result of strategic behavior). ZfRSoz 2: 212–25 Blankenburg E 1994 Rechtsschutzversicherung als Alternative zur sozialen Rechtshilfe? (Is legal insurance an alternative to legal aid?). Two guiding principles of Western democratic thought are that effective government requires the consent of the governed, and public consent requires the fair and just rule of law. Thus research on public opinion toward the law and the legal system has preoccupied mainstream social science for much of its history, reappearing in various guises, including the 'fair press vs. free trial' debate, seemingly paradoxical links between actual crime and fear of crime, public disdain for 'judicial leniency,' and theories of perceptual deterrence. This short review will of necessity be selective in its coverage. With respect to substantive legal issues, it will emphasize criminal justice, providing only passing references to tort litigation and no coverage of public opinion in the domains of contract law, family law, intellectual property law, and so on. With respect to methodology, it will emphasize quantitative public opinion surveys, statistical modeling of field data, and laboratory experiments, neglecting the rich but idiosyncratic literature using qualitative interviews and qualitative analyses of textual sources. Finally, the article—like the English-language empirical lit-erature—gives disproportionate emphasis to North American and British research, though some lines of cross-cultural research are noted. In the aggregate, Americans and Europeans evaluate the police favorably. For example, most Americans report confidence in the police as an institution, and about half have confidence in the ability of the police to protect them from violent crime (Bureau of Justice Statistics 2000). Such confidence is not inevitable. For example, in 1993, positive views of the police were expressed by a majority of French, Belgian, Dutch, and West German citizens but by fewer than half of East Germans (Reif and Melich 1996), and within the United States, African Americans consistently report more negative views of police conduct than the white majority; they are about twice as likely to report low confidence in the police or to express the view that the police have low ethical standards. Most adults know, or at least recognize, a few of the multitude of 'lawyer jokes' long in circulation (see Galanter 1998). We rarely tell jokes about physicians, whom we …


In this article we share our experience of successfully changing our teaching and assignment methods by combining scientific research and student learning, with both students and faculty benefitting. Students applied their course material in a practical assignment collecting nursing faculty study data. In a survey following the course completion, students expressed their satisfaction and described how their knowledge base from the course material came to life when carrying out the course assignment. The core lesson we learned and share here with readers is that there are, without a doubt, underutilized opportunities for combining student course assignments with scientific research of faculty.


Chronic fluoxetine (FLX, 20 mg/kg, s.c.) reduces cardiac β‐adrenergic receptor (βAR) function in rats with congestive heart failure (CHF) and controls. To determine if FLX reduces βAR density or alters 5‐HT receptor (5‐HTR) density, 125I‐cyanopindolol (ICYP, 42 pM) binding was determined in left ventricular tissue of real‐ or sham coronary artery‐ligated rats, given daily FLX or vehicle for 5 wks. ICYP binding was assessed in the absence and presence of 1 μM 5‐HT (to determine 5‐HTR density), 1 μM CGP 20712A (to determine β2 receptor density), and 10 μM propranolol (for non‐specific binding). Ligated rats developed CHF (left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure: 29.7 ± 2.7 vs. 6.5 ± 2.1 mmHg, P<0.01). Serum fluoxetine and norfluoxetine levels did not differ between drug‐treated groups (278 ± 65 vs. 225 ± 31 ng/ml, 1,518 ± 176 vs. 1,440 ± 117 ng/ml, respectively). β1 and β2 receptor binding did not differ between groups. 5‐HTR density was increased in CHF compared to sham rats (2.99 ± 1.12 vs. 0.63 ± 0.27 fmol/mg, P<0.01) and decreased following chronic FLX treatment (2.99 ± 1.12 vs. 0.59 ± 0.43 fmol/mg, P<0.05). FLX reduces 5‐HTR‐, but not β‐receptor density in CHF rats. Supported by AHA 507025.


Despite having a large number of speakers, the Kurdish language is among the less-resourced languages. In this work we highlight the challenges and problems in providing the required tools and techniques for processing texts written in Kurdish. From a high-level perspective, the main challenges are: the inherent diversity of the language, standardization and segmentation issues, and the lack of language resources.


With the rapid development of reinforced earth technology, different reinforced materials are also gradually applied to Reinforced earth. In this paper, we focus on the need for the study of interface characteristics between different reinforced materials and clay, by making indoor drawing test with two kinds of reinforced materials commonly used in engineering and the same clay. The test results show that: the drawing strength between the two reinforced materials and clay both increase with the normal stress increasing, both of their strength envelopes are straight lines; In the drawing test between the warp knitted geogrid and clay, the cohesive strength is 6.65kPa, the friction angle is 21.03°; while the drawing test between the geonet and clay, the cohesive strength is 2.9kPa, the friction angle is 10.96°; The average tensile strength of warp knitted geogrid is 26.4% of genet's, while the drawing strength of warp knitted geogrid in the test is about 48.1% of genet's, so when chosing reinforced materials in some engineerings, it is an important factor that we must consider the particle size and gradation of the filled reinforced materials, selecting the most appropriate size effect.


SUMMARY
The application of the source and sink concept to the system ship and propeller leads to a satisfactory explanation of the various phenomena summarized under the notation "thrust deduction." The quantitative analytic evaluation of the forces involved, altho in principle successful, meets still some difficulties and there are some important gaps between results of theory and facts. Thus, there remains a wide field for systematic experimental investigations which can be planned and guided by the present theory. One basic problem—the influence of the scale effect on the thrust deduction, especially the relation between the corresponding values for the model and the ship—cannot yet be rigorously solved; theoretical considerations indicate, however, that the common assumption following which the thrust deduction coefficient t is roughly the same for the model and the ship may be a reasonable approximation especially when the size of the model is large.


The invention relates to an imaging system for monitoring a field of view (2) with a two-dimensional array (3) of photo elements (44) on which the field of view (2) is imaged, wherein the imaging system (1) is adapted to determine for each of the photo elements (44) a distance between the respective photo element (44) and a surface of an object (4, 13) located in the field of view (2) by light emitted by the imaging system (1) into the field of view (2) and subsequently arriving on the photo elements (44) and to determine for each of the distances a distance vector with at least one component to form a coordinate image comprising the distance vectors, a first memory unit (7) being adapted to store the coordinate image, a second memory unit (8) storing for at least one of the photo elements (44) a logical relation that has for at least one of the components the form that the respective component is larger than or equal to a predetermined lower value, and the component is smaller than or equal to a predetermined upper value, and a processing unit (9) adapted to inquire for each of the photo elements (44) if the logical relation is fulfilled and to output a trigger signal in case at least one of the logical relations is fulfilled.


The author devoted this article to a problem of studying of mobility of younger generation in modern Iraq. The author focused attention on recognition of a special role of physical culture in formations of mobility of teenagers and, at the same time, lack of necessary researches in this area. The presented material opens possibilities of child sports schools of Iraq in formations of mobility of teenagers as special quality of the personality. The offered model of formation of mobility of the teenage athlete is under construction on system approach and includes a diverse complex of means and methods of physical culture.


A reduction in dissolved oxygen concentration is one of the most important direct effects of nutrient over-enrichment of coastal waters on fishes. Because hypoxia can cause nlortality~ reduced growth rates, and altered distributions and behaviors of fishes, as well as changes in the relative importance of organisms andpathways of carbon flow within food webs, hypoxia and anoxia can lead to large reductions in the abundance, diversity, and harvest of fishes within affected waters. Nutrient enrichment, however, typically increases prey abundance in more highly oxygenated surface waters and beyond the boundaries of the hypoxic zone. Because of this mosaic of high and low oxygen areas within a system~ not only the actual oxygen concentration of bottom waters, but the spatial arrangement, predictability, and persistence of highly oxygenated~ high productivity habitats~ and the ability of fishes to locate and use those favorable habitats~ will determine the ultimate effect of low oxygen on fish populations. Negative effects of hypoxia on fish, habitat, and food webs potentially nlake both fish populatiolts and entire systenls more susceptible to additional anthro- pogenic and natural stmssors.


No definitive evidence of spacetime supersymmetry (SUSY) that transmutes fermions into bosons and vice versa has been revealed in nature so far. Moreover, whether spacetime SUSY in 2+1 and more dimensions can occur or emerge in generic microscopic models remains open. Here, we introduce a lattice realization of a \textit{single} Dirac fermion with attractive Hubbard interactions that preserves both time reversal and chiral symmetries. By performing state-of-the-art sign-problem-free quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the interacting single Dirac fermion in 2+1 dimensions features a superconducting quantum critical point (QCP). More remarkably, we demonstrate that the ${\mathcal N}$=2 spacetime SUSY in 2+1D emerges at the superconducting QCP by showing that the fermions and bosons have \textit{identical} anomalous dimensions 1/3, a hallmark of the emergent SUSY. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first observation of emergent 2+1D spacetime SUSY in quantum microscopic models. We further show some experimental signatures which can be measured to test such emergent SUSY.


Over 200,000 American women will be newly diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer in 2008, 90% with breast cancer. Over 40,000 of these women will die from their disease. Given these overwhelming statistics, early diagnosis and treatment of these cancers are imperative, as is prevention, particularly in those women who are at high risk. Approximately 5%–10% of breast and ovarian cancers are related to an inherited gene mutation. Through the advances of cancer research, it has been discovered that most of the hereditary cancers (84% of hereditary breast cancer and>90% of hereditary ovarian cancer) are attributable to mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, tumor-suppressor genes that code for proteins involved in cellular growth and differentiation. Therefore, genetic testing for BRCA mutations is becoming used more frequently in clinical practices to test for cancer susceptibility. By identifying any genetic alterations that may predispose individuals to breast and ovarian cancer, the American Medical Women's Association (AMWA) firmly believes that genetic testing is a necessary measure for maintaining the health and well-being of anyone at a potential cancer risk. Various methodologies have been developed to identify mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. A well-documented personal and family medical history is part of the initial assessment for determining a hereditary predisposition to breast cancer. Any family history of early-onset breast cancer, ovarian cancer, bilateral breast cancer, breast and ovarian cancer in one patient, or male breast cancer should increase suspicion of inherited cancer. As women with known BRCA mutations are managed differently from the general population, genetic testing allows for more tailored care of the patient. Women who have the mutation are offered intensified surveillance for early detection, chemoprevention, and riskreducing surgeries as compared with women without increased risk. Potential disadvantages of genetic testing include technological limitations. Some results are of unknown clinical significance and cannot be used in clinical decision making. Women may experience survivor guilt when their test results are negative while their siblings or other family members carry the mutation. Patients testing negative may not understand that they still have the odds of general risk to the population at large and may experience a false sense of security. Finally, for some patients, identification of a mutation may cause psychological distress. AMWA makes certain recommendations in order to ensure the ethical and responsible use of genetic testing. AMWA believes that legislation should be enacted that requires counseling for any patients submitting to genetic testing. Currently, the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) has set forth specific recommendations regarding genetic testing. ASCO strongly recommends that genetic testing be done only when paired with pretest and posttest counseling to ensure that patients are aware of the potential implications of their test results and to ensure that patients make informed medical decisions on receipt of test results. AMWA supports complete confidentiality of any information obtained from genetic testing as well as legislation that prohibits health and life insurers from denying or limiting coverage and from establishing different rates for individuals based on genetic testing information. AMWA is very much in favor of legislation that prohibits employers from discriminating against an individual because of genetic testing results.


In the present scenario political activities, power and management behaviour/effectiveness influence the functioning of the organisation. It is important to see the role of power, politics and management in industrial organisation, because some of the industrial units are incurring loss while some of them are making profit. Any industrial unit can achieve the objective of the organisation, viz., higher productivity, if there is less political interference. So taking all the above concepts in mind the present paper makes an attempt to discuss the available data in terms of "the role of power, politics and management in organizational effectiveness."


Among the most significant changes in the contemporary judicial scene have been those relating to a judge's managerial and administrative responsibilities. Written commentaries by and for judges have stressed the need for judges to become active administrators to cope with burgeoning caseloads and the increasing complexity of modern litigation. Some have criticized this increased prominence accorded to the managerial role, and others have characterized it as an inevitable, though troublesome, consequence of judicial bureaucratization. To date, this commentary on judicial bureaucratization and managerial judging has centered on the federal judiciary and has discussed problems and pathologies resulting from bureaucratization at different levels of the federal judicial system.This Article focuses on state judicial bureaucracies and argues that bureaucratization of the state judiciaries may result in a pathology-judicial role strain-that the debate over the bureaucratization of the federal judiciary has not identified. Part I will illustrate that, unlike the federal judicial bureaucracy, the state judicial bureaucracies are generally characterized by strong hierarchical relationships and a sanctioning system to enforce administrative imperatives. Through an analysis of the emerging body of caselaw charging judges with violations of relevant ethics provisions, part II will show that such a bureaucratic setting gives emphasis and prominence to managerial and administrative roles. Pathologies and dysfunctions resulting from the contemporary emphasis on these multiple judicial roles are explored in part III, leading to the conclusion in part IV that state high courts have not taken advantage of the opportunities that these cases provide to clarify role ambiguities and resolve role conflicts. Part IV further suggests that state judicial heirarchies should take affirmative steps to address the role strain problem through the establishment of case production limits.


Objective To assess the efficacy of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia(CSEA)and epidural anesthesia(EA)on senile patients undergoing transurethral resection of prostate(TURP)and their safety.Methods One hundred and twenty elderly patients undergoing TURP,aged 75 through 92 years,were randomly divided into two groups,i.e.continuous epidural anesthesia group(EA group,n=60)and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia group(CSEA group,n=60).Monitored indexes included electrocardiogram,blood pressure,heart rate,respiratory rate and pulse oxygen saturation during anesthesia.The levels of hypalgesia and analgesia were measured by acupuncture.The onset and duration of sensory block were recorded(the onset of sensory block was the time when the part of the sensory block became hot and numb after administration).The effect of motor block was evaluated with Browage modified scale score.The onset and duration of motor block,the peak time of motor block and the block height were recorded and then the effect of anesthesia was assessed(the onset of motor block was the time when the patients feel unable to raise their lower limbs after administration).The headache after lumbar anesthesia,vomiting and other adverse effects were noted after operation.Results The onset and duration of sensory block were significantly later and shorter in EA group than in CSEA group(P0.01).The onset and duration of failing to flex the hip,knee and ankle joints were significantly later and shorter in EA group than in CSEA group(P0.01).The score of Bromage scale was lower in EA group than in CSEA group(P0.05).There were twelve patients in group EA who needed to complement intravenous analgetic medicine due to imcomplete anesthesia,and two of the twelve patients had to divert the anesthetic program to endotracheal anesthesia.CSEA group members neither needed to complement intravenous analgetic medicine nor needed to divert the program.The effect of CSEA group was significantly superior to EA group(P0.05).None of CSEA group occurred headache and nervous system complications.Conclusion CSEA can be used safely and effectively for the elderly patients undergoing TURP so long as the injection speed and analgesia level are controlled strictly in addition to the use of small dose anesthetic and careful management during the operation.CSEA,superior to EA,is the preferred method for the elderly patients undergoing TURP.


The inverse hyperbolic sine (IHS) transformation is frequently applied in econometric studies to transform right-skewed variables that include zero or negative values. We show that regression results can heavily depend on the units of measurement of IHS-transformed variables. Hence, arbitrary choices regarding the units of measurement for these variables can have a considerable effect on recommendations for policies or business decisions. In order to address this problem, we suggest a procedure for choosing units of measurement for IHS-transformed variables. A Monte Carlo simulation assesses this procedure under various scenarios, and an empirical illustration shows the relevance and applicability of our suggested procedure.


The daily rigours commonly associated with medical practice, including long working hours, complexity of problems, intense application of one's skills even at the cost of self-care, and relentless perfectionism, may place physicians at particular risk. Add to these the genetic predisposition in some for a psychiatric illness or chemical dependency, and the ill-advised tendency for physicians to treat themselves, and the conditions exist that heighten the likelihood that a physician will suffer , or even become impaired. The key to recognition is knowing the performance baseline from which a person normally functions. Everyone is entitled to a bad day — even physicians. Some irritability, forgetfulness, or even a minor error or two may represent nothing more than fatigue, suffered by most physicians from time to time. But when these and other changes cease to be infrequent or isolated episodes, the patterns of illness emerge. It is important to understand that physicians who are experiencing symptoms of depression or dependency may feel ashamed, or even deny the magnitude of their problems. A call for help on their own behalf is not common. Early signs of distress include irritability and mood swings. Frequent fatigue, insomnia, and loss of energy and enthusiasm for the pleasures of life are common. Social and family conflict and withdrawal occur so that spouses, children and friends are usually the first to know something is wrong. It takes longer for the symptoms to appear at work. Because physicians generally derive so much satisfaction through hard work and commitment to their patients, they tend to work even longer hours when distressed. But their usually excellent work becomes punctuated by episodes of unpredictability or altered habits. Examples include missing morning rounds or meetings while showing up at the hospital at unusual hours to see patients. Although colleagues may benefit from greater — usually high-quality — service from the physician at this stage, they may begin to notice that he or she is not happy. As the illness progresses, attitudi-nal or behavioural problems unusual for the physician are observed in the workplace. Cancelled clinics, absenteeism without notice, and angry or inappropriate outbursts are some of the contributors to patient and staff complaints — formal or otherwise. The physician is no longer as reliable as before. Professional isolation may be added to personal isolation. These signs represent the " tip of the iceberg. " The physician is seriously ill. Now the physician …


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systematic, and progressive inflammatory disorder, causing severe damage to joints and hence increase mortality. The Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21), a member cytokines family, is involved in immuno-inflammatory and regulatory processes. Therefore, identifying the important SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) in the CCL21 gene is of key importance to evaluate their structural and functional significance and to discover novel therapeutic targets for immune-related diseases, including RA. In this study, we used in silico approaches for identifying the most damaging non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs), playing a significant structural and functional role in CCL21 protein. The primary tools used for this study included PROVEAN, SNPs&GO, SIFT and PolyPhen2. Other tools, its stability, Structure and functional effect as well as the conservation profile, were verified using I-Mutant, MutPred, and ConSurf. The site of post-translational modification also predicted. The 3-D modeling of proteins was carried out using I-TASSER which were then visualized in Chimera v1.11. Furthermore, the gene-gene interactions were predicted using STRING and gene MANIA. It was observed that the nsSNPs D30Y (rs753133670), I62N (rs1170851787), R75C (rs759733358), R75S (rs776954599) and A83V (rs776954599) were the most damaging nsSNPs in the CCL21 gene. These nsSNPs might have a significant role in CCL2 protein's malfunctioning and possibly causing different autoimmune diseases including RA. Our study concluded that, to study the correlation of the CCL21 gene with certain autoimmune disorders, i.e. Crohn's Disease (CD), RA and other immune-associated diseases, these SNPs could be the most important ones. In addition, these SNPs need to be studied in animal models and cell cultures in association with certain diseases, to identify if they could be of use for the gene therapy and pharmacogenomics.


Soil contamination by organochlorine pesticides or PCBs is almost undocumented for Iran. Here we report a soil survey in Mazandaran and Guilan provinces that hold >30% of the agricultural areas of Iran where pesticide use is widespread. Concentration of DDTs, HCHs, cyclodienes, and PCBs were measured in 45 soil samples from different agricultural land uses and forest land. The average concentrations of ∑DDT (37 μg kg−1) and ∑HCH (21 μg kg−1) in agricultural soils are among the largest ever reported and exceed international soil screening standards. All residues were larger in agricultural than in forest soil. Within agricultural land, ∑DDT were largest for tea gardens, lindane was largest in rice fields, and cyclodiens largest in citrus orchards. The ratio of (DDD + DDE)/DDT is an index of the extent of DDT degradation in soil and was lower in tea gardens than in other soils (0.7 versus 2–5), indicating either ongoing DDT input or lower degradation rate in the tea gardens that are more acid than the other soils (pH 4.5 versus 6.5–7.0). The o,p′–DDT/p,p′–DDT ratio was about 3 in forest soils, suggesting that DDT is derived from dicofol application and not from technical DDT as in agricultural soils. The PCB 28, 180, and 138 showed the highest mean concentration compared with other PCB congeners in all land uses. This survey is the first of this kind for Iran and illustrates that concentrations of organochlorine pesticide in soil are relatively large.


In recent three years,Ministry of Health have launched the Year of Hospital Management movement.People's hospital of shaanxi province constituted a leading group for implementing this movement.The leading group draw up a scheme for it annually,especially make an effort to apply expansibility management into increasing medical quality.Our hospital have been inspected by expert group of the movement in recent three years and the performance of medical quality management was recog- nized by experts.The core of our quality management work is to add service and cost management into conventional medical quali- ty concept.


This paper studies a two-player Nash dynamic, discrete-time, linear-quadratic game under the so-called "one-step delay observation sharing pattern." It is shown that under very weak assumptions the solution exists and is unique and linear in the information.


ABSTRACT A field test with 26 provenances of subalpine fir and corkbark fir was established at three sites in Denmark and one site in Iceland in 1999. Survival, growth and Christmas tree quality were assessed after 10 growing seasons in Denmark and 12 in Iceland. Provenances showed significant differences for all measured traits. The western-most subalpine fir provenances from Washington state and British Columbia showed the overall best results in Denmark with the highest survival (after 15 years), fastest growth in height and highest Christmas tree quality and profitability as well as both good postharvest needle retention and high resistance to pests. The corkbark fir provenances also showed high Christmas tree quality and the lowest frequency of fork formation, but corkbark fir provenances also exhibited the poorest postharvest needle retention. In Iceland, the corkbark fir provenances generally showed the highest survival rate and Christmas tree quality. The White River provenance from British Columbia is recommended for use in Denmark. The Mount Taylor provenance from the Cibola National Forest in New Mexico is recommended for use in Iceland.


The subsistence of the Electronic Transaction and Information Law control and manage the illicit offenses related to the multiplication of concerns that hold Ethnicity, Religion, Race, and Intergroup (SARA) . Following the idea of law developed by practicality as a way of social regeneration. It is a legal normative investigation utilizing theoretical concurrence and laws. This research is a logical description by using qualitative information examination. The study revealed that content that contains SARA issues is referred to as a hatred statement, which can be construed as an act of communication, carried out by groups or individuals in the form of aggravation and endangered to throw the scandalous actor to prison for utmost six years and a fine of 1.000.000.000 rupiahs. Additionally, the accomplishment of the permissible authority of the Electronic Transaction and Information Law can be classified as non-implementation of the law authenticity establishment as shown from the culture that was not able to go after the rules made by law. It means that this law did not yet have a legal effect. This investigation advocates that society needs to behave by following the officially permitted rules, explained in the Electronic Transaction and Information Law.


In this paper, a new no-reference (NR) objective metric based on data hiding is proposed. The metric has the advantage of being fast and not requiring knowledge of the original video contents. The proposed method uses a spread-spectrum embedding algorithm to embed a mark (binary image) into video frames. A t the receiver, the mark is extracted and a measure of its degradation is used to estimate the quality of the video. We used data gathered from psychophysical experiments to help in the design of the video quality assessment system. We evaluated the visibility and annoyance of the impairments caused by the embedding algorithm and estimated the 'best' mark strength for a particular video. The performance of the proposed metric is estimated by measuring its ability to predict the total squared error (TSE) of the host video and the mean observer score (MOS) obtained from naive subjects in a psychophysical experiment. Experimental results show that the proposed metric had a good performance and a good correlation with the MOS.