Background: Perinatal health is influenced by maternal weight gain. Increase in obesity in population and excess weight during pregnancy may be different complications including large for gestational age fetus. As a result cesarean delivery has increased in prevalence. Maternal weight gain during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters is an important determinant of fetal growth Objective: To determine the relationship between maternal weight gain and birth weight of baby at term. Methodology : A cross sectional study was carried among 50 pregnant women at term in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital and Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Hospital during the period of January 2013 to July 2013. Data were collected in pre-designed data collection sheet. Results: This study found maximum (36%) were age group 21-25 years followed by 28% were ≤20 years, 24% were between 26-30 years, 8% were between 31-35 years and only 4% were of 36-40 years. The average age was 25 years. Among these 50 pregnant women, 2 cases (4%) had BMI < 18.5, 15 cases (30%) had a BMI 18.5-24.9, 19 cases (38%) had a BMI 25-29.9 and 14 cases (28%) had a BMI ≥30. The mean birth weight was 2.77±0.33. kg. Mean weight gain was 10.72±3.72 Kg. Conclusion: This study showed that reasonable maternal weight gain significantly increased birth weight of the baby at term. Key word: Maternal weight gain in pregnancy, Birth weight of baby 1. Registrar Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Hospital 2. Assistant Professor, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anwer Khan Modern Medical College hospital 3. Head, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital 4. Head Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Hospital 5. Registrar, Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology Delta Medical College Hospital Address of Correspondence: Dr. Shiffin Rijvi, Registrar Dept of obstetrics and gynecology Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Hospital Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2017; Vol. 32(2): 79-83 Maternal Weight Gain and its Relationship with Birth Weight of Baby at Term Shiffin Rijvi et al. 80 underweight (BMI less than 19.8 kg/m2), normal weight (19.8 –26.0 kg/m2), overweight (26.1–29.0 kg/m2), and obese women (BMI more than 29.0 kg/ m2).2 Weight gain during pregnancy has been associated with high birth weight and measures of adiposity early in life. Because high birth weight predicts BMI later in life, these findings suggest that excessive weight gain during pregnancy could raise the long-term risk of obesity-related disease in offspring. High birth weight might also increase risk of other diseases later in life, including asthma, atopy, and cancer.3 Low weight gain in pregnancy is associated with increased risk of preterm delivery, particularly if women are underweight or of average weight before pregnancy. But still there is increasing evidence that higher weight gains during pregnancy do not improve infant outcomes and instead may elevate the mothers' long-term risk of chronic disease.4 Nahar et al. found that mean birth weight of infant increased by 20.2g per kilogram of weight gain during pregnancy.5 Birth weight was correlated both with maternal weight in early pregnancy and with weight gain during pregnancy, but only 10% of the variation in birth weight was explained by these maternal factors. Mean maternal weight 24 h postpartum was equal to the weight at 14 weeks of pregnancy, implying, on the average, no net weight gain. Women with a positive net weight gain had heavier babies than women with a negative net weight gain. Maternal anthropometric characteristics are important underlying determinants of intrauterine growth and birth weight, but they explain only a minor part of the variation and are of little value for screening purposes in individual women.6 Maternal weight gain is one of the most important independent predictors of infant birth weight. Birth weight (BW) is an important determinant of infant's well being. Several factors such as mothers' genetic characteristics, socio-cultural, demographic, behavioural factors, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) etc contribute to birth weight. BW is important as low birth weight is known to increase the risk of adult onset diseases like type -2 diabetes and ischemic heart disease.7 Nevertheless, maternal weight gain is associated with large infants i.e., macrosomia (>4000 g) or large for gestational age infants who have higher risk of birth injuries and other problems like shoulder dystocia, fractures of the clavicles or limbs, and perinatal asphyxia. The total amount of weight gained in normalterm pregnancies varies considerably among women and the variance appears to be due to many maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcomes.8 Weight gain during pregnancy has always been a matter of great concern for most women and obstetricians. This concern exists because gestational weight gain is related to many complications, both maternal and fetal. Macrosomia is a major fetal complication, consisting of cases of infants born weighing more than 4,000 g, regardless of the gestational age.9 This higher weight is associated with complications for both the mother and the child. The most common complications in macrosomic fetuses include: increased risk of intrauterine death, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, need for intensive care, shoulder dystocia, humeral and clavicle fractures, meconium aspiration, hypoglycemia, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, paralysis of the facial and brachial plexus and obesity in childhood and adulthood.10,11 For mothers, the most common complications include: increased risk of cesarean section, cephalopelvic disproportion, prolonged labor, soft-tissue lacerations and postpartum hemorrhage.1 The present study was designed to determine the relationship between maternal weight gain and birth weight of new born at term. Materials And Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College and Hospital and Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Hospital during the period of January 2013 to July 2013. Fifty pregnant women were included in study. Healthy pregnant women at term who were in regular antenatal checkup (37 completed weeks of gestational age) were included in this study. Pregnant women suffering from hypertension, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, diabetes mellitus, thyroid dysfunction, nephritis were excluded from study. Data were collected in pre-designed data collection sheet. A structured questionnaire was developed and pre-teste before administration by the author. Data was collected from the pregnant mother admitted in the in-patient department for a period of 6 months. The data were collected by face to face interview for Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol Vol. 32, No. 2 81 relevant information and measured the weight and height of the women before delivery and weight of the neonate were measured following delivery. Mothers weight was measured by a valid & reliable weighing machine. Mother's height was measured with a height measuring scale. A valid and reliable neonatal weighing machine determined the neonatal weight. Written informed consent was taken from each patient. Prior to consent they were explained the aim and purpose of the research. Confidentiality and anonymity was maintained..


The 4 apricot kernel samples provided from Malatya province were evaluated for moisture, ash, crude protein, crude oil, crude fibre, crude energy, non-soluble HCl acid ash, mass of 100 pits and mass of 100 kernels. Contents of Na, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were also determined in the samples.


Rain-on-snow events are common on mountain slopcs within the transient-snow zone ofthc Pacilic Northwest. These events make more water available :for runoff than does precipitation alone by melting the snowpack and hy adding a small amount of condensate to the snowpack. In forest openings (such as those resulting from clearcut logging), the amount of snow thal ac~~m~lnt~s and the turhulent-energy input to the snowpack are greater than helow forest stands. Both factors are believed to contribute to a greeter amount of water available for runoff during rain-on-snow wents in forest openings thnn forest stands. Because increased water available for runoff may lead to increased downstream flooding and erosion, knowledge of Ihe amount of snowmelt that can occur during rain on snw and the processes that control snowmclt in forest openings is useful when making land-use decisions. Snow accumulat:on and melt were simulated for clcarcut conditions only, using an energy-balance approach that accounts for the most important energy and mass cxchangcs between a snowpack and its environment. Mctcorological mcasurcments provided the input for the simulations. Snow accumulation and melt were not simulated in forest stands because interception of precipitation proccsscs are too complex to simulate with a numerical model without making simplifying assumptions. Such a model, however, would need to be extensively tested against rcprcscntative observations, which were not availahlc for this study. Snowmelt simulated during three mill-on-snow events (measured in a previous study in a clcarcui in the transient-snow zone of the H.J. Andrew Experimental Forest in Oregon) demonstrated that Imelt generation is most sensitive to turbulent-energy exchanges bctwccn the air and the snowpack surface. As a result, the most imporlant climate variable [hat conlrols snowmelt is wind speed. Air temperature, however, is a significant variable also. 'The wind speeds were light, with a maximuln cof3.3 meters per second during one event and average wind speeds for all three events ranging from I .I to 2.1 mcte:ls per second. For observed and estimated conditions, the average simulated snowmelt mngcd from 0.2 to 0.8 millimeter liquid water per hour, and turbulent-energy exchange prwided 51 percent of the energy that led to snowmelt during the largest of the three rain-on-snow events. When wind speeds were multiplied by a factor of 4, the simulated snowmelt ranged from 1.0 lo 2.5 millimeters per hour. Similarly, when wind speeds were multiplied by a factor of 6, the simulated snowmelt ranged from I .6 to 3.7 millimeters per hour. Turbulent-energy exchange providcd a dominant 88 and 92 percent of the energy input to the snowpack during the largest rain-on-snow cvcnt when average wind speeds were multiplied by factors of 4 and 6, rcspcctively. During the same event, the contribution to melt by the sum of net solar and net thermal radiation (net all-wave radiation) was roughly equal to the contribution of sensible energy carried by the precipimtion ilsclf (advectiw heat). Estimates of snowmelt resulting from rain on snom, f(,r climate conditions other than those obscrvcd and cslimated in the simulated plot-scale data were expanded by simulaling snowmc1t for 24.hour presumed rain-on-snow cvcnts extracted from the reconstructed, long-term historical climate records for Cedar Lake and Snoqualmic Pass National Weather Service stations in Washingron State. The selcctcd events exceeded 75 millimeters of precipiration in 24 hours. When clcarcut <:onditions were assumed to he identical Io those at the H.J. Andrew Experimental Forest site and a ripe snowpack that never completely melted was assumed to be available, simulated 24.how snownell ranged from 4.2 10 47.0 millimeters (0.2 to 2.0 millimeters per hour) for low wind speeds (1.5 meters per second) and from 10.3 to 178.8 millimeters (0.4 to 7.5 millimeters per hour) for high wind speeds (8.2 meters per second). The ranges in melt for a given wind speed rcsultcd from the different combinations of air tcmperawe, dewpoint temperature, and precipitation depth that were characteristic of the synthetic CYCIILS. The avcrage of the median 24.hour snowmelt 81 Cedar Lake and Snoqualmie Pass was 15. I millimeters (0.6 millimeters pa hour) at low wind speeds and 49.6 millimeters (2.1 millimeters per hour) at high wind speeds. Condensa-


Objective To investigate the effect of treating radial neck fractures in children with elastic stable intramedullary nail(ESIN)or Metaizeau combined with poking reduction.Methods A retrospective study was applied in 19 children with displaced radial neck fractures,O'brien type Ⅱ 12 cases,type ⅡI 7 cases,all the fractures were reduced and fixed with ESIN,8 of them were treated combine with poking reduction.Results All cases were successfully followed up from 6 to 36 months.Fourteen cases were evaluated as excellent,5 cases were good.Epiphyseal closure,avascular necrosis and hetertotopic calcification were not found in any case.Conclusion Treating the radial neck fracture with ESIN or combine with poking reduction is a simple and minimally invasive method,the overall effect is good while the complications are limited.


The utility model discloses a novel high-voltage starting device for a polycrystalline silicon reducing furnace. The starting device mainly aims at a reducing furnace the silicon core arrangement is of which is that four pairs of silicon cores are a group and is used for a silicon core starting breakdown stage for polycrystalline silicon production in a Siemens process. The starting device mainly consists of a boosting transformer with two different voltage levels, an electric reactor, a contactor, a fuse protector, a current detection device, a programmable logic controller (PLC) unit, an electric grounding knife switch and a grounding resistor, wherein the silicon cores which need to be subjected to high voltage breakdown are directly connected with the output of the boosting transformer in a mode that a switch is not needed to be switched and isolated; a current value detected by the current detection device is sent to the PLC unit; the PLC controls actions of the contactor and the electric grounding knife switch according to the detected current; when the reducing furnace is started, high voltage with the high voltage level is applied to each pair of silicon cores at first, and the transformer with the high voltage level is switched into the transformer with the low voltage level after the current rises to the maximum output current of the transformer; and while the high voltage with the low voltage level is applied to every two pairs of silicon cores, the current is switched to the normal power supply to supply power after the current continuously rises, so that the high voltage starting is finished. Then, the four pairs of silicon cores are used as heating sources, the normal power supply is used to totally break down the rest of the silicon cores to enter a normal production stage.


Echoing research interests in recent concepts and models of TVET teachers' teaching competency, it is clear that the focus of existing scales needs to be updated. The paper summarizes six aspects of TVET teachers' competency in the information age and develops the corresponding scale using 88 items. The data from 461 TVET teachers confirm the reliability and validity of the scale, which serves as a measuring instrument the teaching competency of TVET teachers in the information age. The paper collects answers from 815 TVET teachers, who are clustered into six types by k-means clustering, each representing shared characteristics of a group of TVET teachers. The paper develops a feasible method to classify TVET teachers according to the characteristics of their teaching ability in six aspects, which can provide valuable clues for the designing of tailored teacher training programs and teacher development strategies for vocational education teachers in the information age.


The emission characteristics of mercury in waste incinerators were investigated to get basic data for the policy development on the emission reduction of mercury (Hg). For the study several important factors were analysed from 4 incinerators such as mercury concentration, emission factors and removal rate for control devices. The results are listed below. Mercury concentrations in the flue gas were 0.39~5.96 /S㎥ in MWI and 2.5~8.8 /S㎥ in IWI. The distributions of gaseous and particulate mercury in flue gas were above 99% and below 1 %, respectively. Therefore, in order to remove mercury effectively, it is important to control the gaseous mercury. Mercury concentrations in fly ash collected from control device were found as 16.2~35.6 mg/kg- ash in FF of MWI. Also mercury concentrations at the front and back point of control device of MWI were 33.45~62.65 /S㎥ and 0.88~3.49 /S㎥, respectively. Emission factors were estimated as 3.67~11.67 mg/ton in FF, 2.6~24.5 mg/ton in MWI with SNCR, SDR and FF, 54.9~192.7 mg/ton in IWI with Cyclone and FF. Emissions from Municipal Waste Incinerator were found both in minimum and maximum ranges. Annual mercury emissions emitted from MWI was estimated as 20.0 kg (6.0~33.9 kg).


This chapter presents a case study of the state of peace journalism (PJ) in Guatemala, based on the critical assumption that analysts need to broaden the definition of PJ to encompass current local level and alternative media initiatives. It investigates current PJ in Guatemala through interviews with those who analyse the media (media experts), produce the media (journalists and volunteers), and those whose representation in the media is essential for the Guatemalan peace process (indigenous groups). While profound racism and a violent environment hamper peace journalistic work for both mainstream and alternative outlets, the chapter argues that the opening for media for the people and by the people in Guatemala is to be found within alternative channels rather than commercial outlets.


We report the results of a study of archival SuperWASP light curves for stars in Scorpius–Centaurus (Sco–Cen), the nearest OB association. We use SuperWASP time-series photometry to extract rotation periods for 189 candidate members of the Sco–Cen complex and verify that 162 of those are members of the classic Sco–Cen subgroups of Upper Scorpius (US), Upper Centaurus-Lupus (UCL), and Lower Centaurus-Crux (LCC). This study provides the first measurements of rotation periods explicitly for large samples of pre-main-sequence (pre-MS) stars spanning the UCL and LCC subgroups. Our final sample of 157 well-characterized pre-MS stars spans ages of ∼10–20 Myr, spectral types of ∼F3–M0, and masses of M ≃ 0.3–1.5  ⊙ N . For this sample, we find a distribution of stellar rotation periods with a median of Prot ≃ 2.4 days, an overall range of 0.2 < Prot < 8 days, and a fairly well-defined mass-dependent upper envelope of rotation periods. This distribution of periods is consistent with recently developed stellar angular momentum evolution models. These data are significant because they represent an undersampled age range and the number of measurable rotation periods is large compared to recent studies of other regions. We also search for new examples of eclipsing disk or ring systems analogous to 1SWASP J140747.93-394542.6 (J1407), but find none. Our survey yielded five eclipsing binaries, but only one appears to be physically associated with the Sco–Cen complex. V2394 Oph is a heavily reddened (AV ≃ 5 mag) massive contact binary in the LDN 1689 cloud whose Gaia astrometry is clearly consistent with kinematic membership with the Ophiuchus star-forming region.


Referring to the worldwide practice in testing and diagnosis of distribution power networks both damped AC (DAC) and sinusoidal very low frequency (VLF sinus) test voltages have been accepted and widely in use for afterlaying, maintenance and diagnostic testing of medium voltage cable circuits. Following recent IEEE 400 Guides and in particular the IEEE 400.4, IEEE 400.2 and several national standards and guidelines describe that both technologies represent effective test voltages for testing and diagnosis of MV cable networks. In this paper based on practical examples an innovative new generation of combined DAC and VLF sinus voltage test and diagnosis (PD and tan δ) solution for distribution power cables will be presented.


In this paper we study the transport equation in $\mathbb{R}^n \times (0,T)$, $T >0$, \[ \partial _t f + v\cdot \nabla f = g, \quad f(\cdot ,0)= f_0 \quad \text{in}\quad \mathbb{R}^n \] in generalized Campanato spaces $\mathscr{L}^s_{ q(p, N)}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. The critical case is particularly interesting, and is applied to the local well-posedness problem in a space close to the Lipschitz space in our companion paper\cite{cw}. More specifically, in the critical case $s=q=N=1$ we have the embedding relations, $B^1_{\infty, 1}(\Bbb R^n) \hookrightarrow \mathscr{L}^{ 1}_{ 1(p, 1)}(\mathbb{R}^n) \hookrightarrow C^{0, 1} (\Bbb R^n)$, where $B^1_{\infty, 1} (\Bbb R^n)$ and $C^{0, 1} (\Bbb R^n)$ are the Besov space and the Lipschitz space respectively. For $f_0\in \mathscr {L}^{ 1}_{ 1(p, 1)}(\mathbb {R}^{n})$, $v\in L^1(0,T; \mathscr {L}^{ 1}_{ 1(p, 1)}(\mathbb {R}^{n}))),$ and $ g\in L^1(0,T; \mathscr {L}^{ 1}_{ 1(p, 1)}(\mathbb {R}^{n})))$, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions to the transport equation in $ L^\infty(0,T; \mathscr {L}^{ 1}_{ 1(p, 1)}(\mathbb {R}^{n}))$ such that \[ \|f\|_{L^\infty(0,T; \mathscr{L}^1_{ 1(p, 1)} (\mathbb{R}^n)))} \le C \Big( \|v\|_{L^1(0,T; \mathscr{L}^1_{1(p, 1)} (\mathbb{R}^n)))}, \|g\|_{ L^1(0,T; \mathscr{L}^1_{ 1(p, 1)}(\mathbb{R}^n)))}\Big). \] Similar results in the other cases are also proved.


Sudden death can be a consequence of a systemic allergic reaction. Common causes include insect stings, medication and certain foods. IgE reactivity to these allergens can sometimes be detected in serum. The mechanism of sudden death is not completely clear but may be cardiovascular collapse due to hypovolemic shock, direct cardiototoxic affect of various mediators and effects of these mediators on the coronary circulation. Although serum tryptase has been put forward as a marker of anaphylaxis in sudden death, an elevated level should be interpreted with caution in light of it being detectable in patients who have died from causes other than anaphylaxis. Tryptase is raised with increasing time after death and has been detected in patients with cardiovascular disease and chest trauma. Immune mechanisms including activation and deficiency have been implicated in sudden infant death syndrome and these will be further discussed in the presentation.


The eyes of four female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were treated topically with cholinesterase inhibitor—Phospholine iodide (PI) or diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP)—once or twice daily. The sensitivity of the iris to the miotic effects of topically applied pilocarpine (and on some occasions also to oxotremorine) were tested before, and periodically during, the PI treatment and recovery periods. Gradual development of subsensitivity to pilocarpine was observed in all animals during 6 weeks of once-daily PI application. At the end of 6 weeks, the extent of subsensitivity was comparable to that observed after only 1 week of twice daily PI treatment, whereas 1 week of daily DFP treatment resulted in essentially complete insensitivity to the miotic effects of even the highest available concentration (10%) of pilocarpine. The PI- and DFP-treated eyes were also subsensitive to the miotic effect of oxotremorine. Although the development of subsensitivity was clearly dependent on the regimen and duration of cholinesterase inhibitor treatment, recovery of normal sensitivity followed a similar time course regardless of treatment regimen or duration. Both PI- and DFP-treated eyes exhibited essentially normal light reflexes throughout these experiments, and with the exception of daily DFP treatment during which there ivas some maintained miosis, only brief, random miotic episodes were observed during the development of subsensitivity. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that target organ sensitivity is determined by the local neurotransmitter concentration and show that the time course of development of subsensitivity or insensitivity to miotics during chronic treatment of the eye with cholinesterase inhibitors depends on the inhibitor used and/or on the frequency of its application.


Virus-detection technology is based on fairly simple rules, and researchers and industry developers have done much hard work. The author examines virus detectionýs state of the art and highlight some of its shortcomings. I believe that as a community we need an honest reassessment of our defenses. Are we are pursuing a failed solution, focusing on the wrong stuff?


This study aims to find transformational leadership performance of headmaster (kepala madrasah) in improving quality of madrasah. This research is very important in order to make a qualified madrasah. This study used a case study method. The data were gained by observation, structural interview, and literature studies. Based on the result of the research, it could be concluded that transformational leadership is a leader pattern that creates subordinate spirit to keep gathering commitment in achieving the vision and organizational goals. There are some transformational leadership indicators in this research as follows: first, have the competences of the headmaster, such as; competence of personality, managerial, entrepreneurship, supervision, and social. Second, be able to make a design and madrasah development goals. Third, make an effective madrasah structural design. Fourth, be able to develop professional educator and the employer of madrasah. Fifth, be able to cooperate with other parties.


Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a health problem in Madiun City. Based on data from the Madiun City Health Office (2011-2015) there has been a significant increase in DHF incidence over the past 5 years. Most DHF patients in Madiun City are elementary school children. This indicates that the program of DHF especially in primary school in Madiun is still less effective, especially routine health counseling by the heakth service centre related to PSN through 3M plus activities. This study aims to analyze the influence of routine health counseling by the health service centre to the incidence of DHF in Primary School in Madiun City. This research is an observational analytic research with case control design. The population in this study is divided into 2 groups, namely the case population (SD with DHF incidence) of 33 SD and control population (SD not with DHF incidence). The sample in this study is divided into 2 groups, namely the case sample (SD with selected DHF incidence) of 30 SD and control sample (SD not with DHF incidence) of 30 SD. Sampling technique is by Simple Random Sampling. From the result of the analysis test, it is found out that the routine health education of Puskesmas has an effect on the occurrence of DHF in Primary School in Madiun City (p = 0,001).


Existing theories of the adaptive value of vertical migration are examined and found wanting. Adult size and generation length are negative functions of temperature. It is shown that Bělehradek's temperature function gives a close fit to size and development rate of several species of zooplankters growing in adequate food supply, although conclusions do not depend on the theoretical content of this equation. Fecundity is an exponential function of adult size, and enough data are available for two quite different zooplankters — the copepod Pseudocalanus minutus and the chaetognath Sagitta elegans — to depict relative rates of increase as generally positive functions of temperature. Diurnal migrants are known to feed nearer the surface, which is almost universally warmer. Increased fecundity gained by spending part time in deeper, cooler waters, might be offset by slower development, although interrupted or seasonal breeders could sacrifice development rate for greater ultimate fecundity. However, an animal...


—In recent months the world has been faced with the Covid-19 outbreak. The existence of this virus has a severe impact on aspects of human health and well-being. In Indonesia, primary health facilities include The Public Health Centres have a fundamental role in controlling and preventing the spread of the virus. The rapid screening process is a crucial step in detecting Covid-19 affects changes in the overall function of space and architecture at the Puskesmas facilities. To improve the Public Health Centre's function in handling the Covid-19 pandemic has a high urgency value in preparing primary health facilities that are responsive to the global pandemic. This study aims to provide design solutions for the City Government in improving and developing health facilities as public services in the future. This research uses deductive-explorative research methods with a rationalistic approach by bringing Grand Theory to find and explore cases in the field. Then create a research framework, process, and analyse data and formulate results qualitatively. The results of this research are implemented in the design solutions of the Public Health Centre as follows: 1)


C36H36Cu2O12, orthorhombic, Pbca (No. 61), a = 10.992(1) A, b = 7.706(1) A, c = 41.770(5) A, V = 3538.0 A, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.109, wRref(F) = 0.269, T = 293 K. Source of material All reagents and solvents were used as obtained without further purification. An aqua-ammonium solution (10 ml) of Cu2O (71 mg, 0.5 mmol) and cinnamatic acid (147 mg, 1.0 mmol) were stood still for 1 week to vapor most of the ammonium gas, large blue slab crystals of the title complex were deposited and collected by filtration, washed with water and dried in a vacuum desiccator over silica gel (yield 67%). Elemental analysis: found – C, 54.66%; H, 4.66%; calc. for C36H36Cu2O12 – C, 54.89%; H, 4.61%. Experimental details All the hydrogen atoms are geometrically fixed excepting those attached to the water molecules which are located using the program HYDROGEN [1] and freely refined. We refined these hydrogen atoms to confirm that these are really water molecules and not OH or O atoms. Discussion Metal complexes with carboxylates are among the most investigated compounds in the field of coordination chemistry. Nevertheless, the crystal structures of metal complexes with cinnamate ligands have rarely been reported. Previously, we reported the structure and properties of a silver(I) comples [Ag( -hmt)(cin)] · 2H2O (hmt = hexamethylenetetramine, cin = cinnamate) [2], with this organic carboxylic acid. The title complex is a discrete electronically neutral dinuclear copper(II) unit, [Cu(cinH)2(H2O)2]2, where cinH is cinnamatic acid. The two copper(II) atoms in each dinuclear unit are equivalent, each of which is ligated by four oxygen atoms from two cinnamate anions and two coordinated water molecules, respectively. The four coordination atoms around the central metal are coplanar, constituting a square-planar geometry around the copper(II) atom with plane deviation of 0.0384(4) A, and the copper atom is deviated from the square-plane by 0.0123(4) A. All the cinnamate anions are unidentate ligands, and the average Cu-O(cinnamate) bond length (2.001(6) A) is in the normal range for the complexes with aromatic carboxylates. The two diagonal angles in the CuO4 square plane are respectively 175.8(3)° and 178.0(2)°, indicating a slightly distorted square-planar geometry of Cu(1). The Cu square plane is at the angles of 73.7(2)° and 123.4(2)° with the two kinds of aromatic rings. All the CuO4 planes in the complex are parallel one another. Weak interactions play an important role in the crystal structure of the title complex. The shortest distance between the CuO4 planes is 3.528(6) A, and a great deal of hydrogen bonds between the adjacent O atoms join the two monomers to form a dinuclear copper(II) unit. Z. Kristallogr. NCS 218 (2003) 261–262 261 © by Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, Munchen Crystal: blue slab, size 0.06 × 0.24 × 0.38 mm Wavelength: Mo K radiation (0.71073 A) : 12.65 cm Diffractometer, scan mode: Siemens SMART CCD, 2 max: 56.6° N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique: 20956, 4397 Criterion for Iobs, N(hkl)gt: Iobs > 2 (Iobs), 2212 N(param)refined: 242 Programs: SHELXTL [3], SHELXTL-plus [4] Table 1. Data collection and handling. H(1) 8c –0.0137 0.9659 0.1160 0.057 H(2) 8c –0.0383 0.8838 0.1683 0.078 H(3) 8c 0.1206 0.7573 0.1960 0.065 H(4) 8c 0.3001 0.7099 0.1705 0.060 H(5) 8c 0.3330 0.8065 0.1194 0.047 H(7) 8c 0.1043 0.9792 0.0674 0.034 H(8) 8c 0.3519 0.9345 0.0716 0.033 H(10) 8c 0.4710 0.8780 0.1946 0.068 H(11) 8c 0.4746 0.9165 0.2493 0.073 H(12) 8c 0.6345 1.0631 0.2727 0.072 H(13) 8c 0.7882 1.1667 0.2419 0.084 H(14) 8c 0.7803 1.1317 0.1865 0.070 H(16) 8c 0.5333 0.9393 0.1426 0.066 H(17) 8c 0.7683 1.0099 0.1368 0.078 H(1W1) 8c 0.50(2) 1.21(2) 0.048(4) 0.13(6) H(1W2) 8c 0.509(8) 0.67(1) 0.027(2) 0.02(2) H(2W1) 8c 0.628(9) 1.31(1) 0.016(2) 0.05(3) H(2W2) 8c 0.619(8) 0.67(1) 0.056(2) 0.05(3) Table 2. Atomic coordinates and displacement parameters (in A). Atom Site x y z Uiso


Falls Church, Virginia, is only two square miles, but the tiny city has a huge designation: It has been named the healthiest community in the U.S.


This review summarizes detailed ways to occupational exposure assessment of vinyl chloride and available parameter for the assessment.It is highlighted the use of area sampling and personal sampling in the environmental monitoring and the application of various biomarkers in biological monitoring of vinyl chloride exposure.


Background and Aim:  It has been reported that the prevalence of hiatal hernia (HH) and reflux esophagitis (RE) increases with age, as does the degree of arteriosclerosis. However, it has not been investigated whether or not arteriosclerosis is correlated with the presence of HH and RE. Therefore, we prospectively investigated the degree of arteriosclerosis in patients with HH and RE compared with subjects without HH and RE.


Finite sums pose a problem if the number of summands is large and/or when the evaluation of each of the summands has a common and non-simple pattern. Simplification of such sums demands special methods and skill. The use of computers opened new problems in this directions. In this chapter you will learn some techniques of dealing with finite sums. You will find out that computers cannot only calculate but they can also be used for proving some results, hence in certain cases computers may be considered as 'proving machines'. The solution of problems marked as [M] and many others can be made easier when using MATHEMATICA ® , although only very few of them can be solved directly. The reader is strongly advised to learn the syntax and semantics of some of the commands. In MATHEMATICA ® the following commands (and related ones) may help: {\tt Sum, Series, BaseForm, IntegerDigits, DigitQ, Fibonacci, HarmonicNumber,\dots}


Background: Elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic is often carried out to prevent a backlog of surgical cases. Several institutions are also implementing a COVID-19-free surgical pathway to minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Therefore, this study aims to assess the safety of patients undergoing surgery against hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections by implementing a COVID-19-free pathway. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, and the sample population consists of 572 patients who underwent elective surgery with a COVID-19-free pathway. They also underwent two days of quarantine in the hospital for RT-PCR testing. The negative test result for the SARS-coV-2 is valid within 48 hours before surgery, and all surgical procedures were performed in an operating room free from the infection. Furthermore, age, gender, ASA classification, type of anesthesia, surgery criteria, length of stay, and ICU admission were the patients' baseline characteristics. The outcome in this study was hospital-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infections after the patient underwent surgery based on COVID-19 symptoms during hospitalization and 14 days after discharge. Results: The participants' demographic data showed that 55% of them were male, while 47% were females, namely 303 and 269, respectively with a mean age of 40.16 years ± 11.35 years (12 days–84 years). Based on the ASA classification, they consisted of 7.7% ASA I, 78.7% ASA II, 13.4% ASA III, and 0.2% ASA 4 with a total of 44, 450, 77, and 1 patient, respectively. The major or complex surgery accounted for 48% (227 cases) of all surgeries. Furthermore, 27.4% of the patients underwent postoperative hospitalization for 0-3 days, 33.3% for 4-7 days, and 39.3% had a length of stay ≥ 8 days, namely 157, 190, and 225, respectively. None of them showed postoperative COVID-19 symptoms, but three died postoperatively, and their deaths were not related to the virus. Fourteen days after discharge, eight outpatients had fever and cough. They did not perform the RT-PCR test, and accounted for 3% of the sample population. Further examination showed that they experienced clinical improvement and recovery later. Conclusion: Implementing a COVID-19-free pathway provides safety for patients from hospitalacquired SARS-CoV-2 infections.


An experimental digital cellular system composed of a private branch exchange (PBX)-based MSC (mobile switching center), three base stations, two mobile stations, and a radio channel simulator, is developed. The system uses a mobile originated handoff process; i.e. a mobile station requests a handoff to the MSC based on signal strength from surrounding base stations. All control channels are multiplexed on the same carrier so that mobile stations can monitor signal strength quickly. Experimental results show that a handoff decision can be made within a second, even under slow fading (such as walking speed), which agrees with the theoretical calculation very well. It is shown that the whole handoff procedure works reliably under a typical microcell propagation condition.<<ETX>>


ABSTRACT After the Tokyo Electric Power Company's Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011, radioactive cesium (RCs) was released in greater concentrations than radioactive strontium (RSr) in the surrounding environment. Most of the countermeasures were developed to mitigate the RCs transfer from the soil to plants. However, to avoid what has happened after the Chernobyl and Mayak accidents, preventing the transfer of RSr from soil to plants should be a priority. Although the application of potassium (K) fertilizers is the most effective method for preventing agricultural crops from absorbing RCs in contaminated fields, this implementation increases the cost and labor requirements. Considering the preparedness for nuclear accidents, it remains unclear how this countermeasure will be affected if RCs and RSr are released simultaneously. We aimed to explore the effect of K applications on cesium (Cs) and strontium (Sr) uptake and their interaction with and correlation to other elements in the soybean plants and soil. The field experiments were conducted in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, using different K applications (i.e., no, normal, and high K applications). The dry weight and mineral concentrations of K, Cs, Sr, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and nitrogen (N) concentration in plants and exchangeable K (ExK), exchangeable Cs (ExCs), exchangeable Sr (ExSr), exchangeable Ca (ExCa), exchangeable Mg (ExMg), NH4+ (ammonium), and NO3- (nitrate) concentrations in the soils were evaluated. This study revealed that K application reduced Cs, Ca, and Mg uptake but did not affect the ExSr, ExCa, and ExMg concentrations in the soil and did not change the uptake of Sr. On the other hand, K concentration of the plant especially at later growth stage, which indicates re-translocation of Sr was negatively regulated by K concentration.


High-speed serial links implemented in SRAM-based FPGAs have been extensively used in the trigger and data acquisition systems of High Energy Physics experiments. Usually, their application has been restricted to off-detector, mostly due the sensitivity of SRAM-based FPGA to radiation faults (single event upsets). However, the device tolerance to radiation environments can be achieved by adopting dedicated mitigation techniques such as information redundancy, hardware redundancy and configuration scrubbing. In this work, we discuss the design of a bi-directional serial link running at 6.25 Gbps based on a Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA. The link is protected against single event upsets by means of all the above-mentioned methods. A self-synchronizing scrambler is used for DC-balance and data randomization, while the subsequent Reed-Solomon encoder/decoder detects and corrects bursts of errors in the transmitted data. The error correction capability of the line code is further increased by adopting the interleaving technique. Besides, in order to completely take advantage of available bandwidth and to cope with different rates of radiation-induced faults, the link can modulate the protection level of the Reed-Solomon code. The reliability of the link is also improved by means of modular redundancy on the frame alignment block. Besides, on the same FPGA, a scrubber repairs corrupted configuration frames in real-time. We present the test results carried out using the fault injection method. We show the performance of the link in terms of mean time between failures (MTBF) and fault tolerance to upsets.


There is an apparent disagreement between recent commentators who find in Nietzsche both a constructive philosophy and a compatibilist account of freedom, and Brian Leiter's reading that rejects both. The reason for this disagreement, I argue, is that Leiter's "illiberal" view is limited in scope to Nietzsche's critical philosophy, while Nietzsche also has a constructive philosophy aimed at select readers. I read Nietzsche's critical philosophy as targeting the metaphysical entities that underpin asceticism and herd values, not the mental states and processes with which these entities are associated. The "no such entity" reading preserves the resources needed to read Nietzsche as offering a replacement for the ascetic ideal—and an alternative source for life's meaning. Although few of his readers will have been born with the drives needed to throw off herd values and enjoy compatibilist freedom, these readers are the intended audience for Nietzsche's constructive philosophy. INDEX WORDS: Nietzsche, Compatibilism, Self-Understanding, Drives, Feelings, Sovereign Individual NIETZSCHE'S CONSTRUCTIVE PHILOSOPHY: SELF-UNDERSTANDING AND THE SOVEREIGN INDIVIDUAL


refcrence levels. The muscle activity time and frequency per hour were examined during the whole day, arousal, and sleep and analyzed by two-way analysis of variance. 1. 0nly at level 1, significant differenccs were found in the muscle activity timc and frequency during the whole day, arousal, and sleep among the subjects. 2. The muscle activity time during sleep at leve] 1 was significantly decreased in using a type A or F plate, compared to that in without using any plate. 3. At levels 2 and 3 during sleep, significant differences were found in the muscle activity time and frequency only among the conditions; muscle activity was significantly decreased using a type A or F plate than without using any plate. 4. At level 4, no significant differences were found among the subjects or among the


According to the demands on information of the public transportation vehicles,based on the computer software and GPRS general wireless grouping service from GPS global positioning system,a kind of vehicles management system is introduced.Consequently,the real-time dynamic management of the vehicles is realized.Meanwhile,the hardware and software design of the system are also given,which provide a low-cost solution to the vehicle management information system.


Kozai Group's Global Competency Inventory (GCI) was created in order to predict the ability of expatriates to function in foreign cultures. In particular it measures 16 competencies possessed by people who exhibit success in living and working in cross-culturally complex situations. This paper reports the results of a study in which it was investigated if high scores on the GCI corresponded with high oral/aural performance in a foreign language (in this study the focus was on the performance of Chinese students in speaking Japanese). Of the 16 competencies comprising the GCI a total of 14 competencies were highly associated with superior oral/aural performance in Japanese among the Chinese students. These results confirm the author's main hypothesis that the same affective factors or psychological traits such as personality traits and attitudes that facilitate effective cultural adaptation also facilitate foreign language acquisition. (1) Research Questions There are two main related research questions that informed the experiment reported in this paper. The first is "what psychological traits (including attitudinal, affective and personality factors) make some people better at foreign language acquisition and oral/aural performance than others? " Subsequently, "do the psychological traits that help explain why some people adapt to cultures better than others also help explain individual differences in foreign language acquisition, particularly in terms of oral/aural performance?" (2) Previous Research into Psychological Traits and Affect in Relation to Foreign Language Acquisition First of all, it should be noted that though the term "foreign language acquisition" is employed here. I am well aware of the debate concerning the differences in the use of the terms: Second Language Acquisition (SLA), Foreign Language Acquisition (FLA), Foreign Language Learning (FLL), etc. However, the significance of the results presented here are meaningful no mater what term and it's associated construct you use. I use SLA when SLA is used in the research literature to which I refer and FLA as a global term that would include SLA, FLL, Third Language Acquisition (TLA), Multiple Language Acquisition (MLA), etc. ad nauseam.


In recent years, many groups have studied redox sensors for chemical analysis. A redox sensor has certain powerful advantages, such as its ability to detect multiple ions inside the sensing area, and its ability to measure concentrations of materials by using voltage and current signals. However, the output current signal of a redox sensor decreases when either concentration or sensing area decreases. Therefore, we propose the use of an amplified redox sensor (ARS) for measuring small current signals. The proposed sensor consists of a working electrode combined with a bipolar transistor. In this study, we fabricated an ARS sensor and performed low-concentration measurements using current signal amplification with an integrated bipolar transistor. The sensor chip successfully detected a potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]) concentration of as low as 10 µM using cyclic voltammetry.


The Interactive Poster consists of the following Design Process and Group Work themes:A graphic representation of the Work Practices/Participatory Design Process defining methodology and tools on an, iterative timeline.A graphic representation that defines Understanding and Designing for Work Practices.A 10 minute videotape elaborating on a pilot study which incorporates the concepts graphically illustrated on the poster.


[1] A 3.33 year time series of velocity and hydrographic data from a mooring site on the 20 m isobath of the Alabama shelf in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico are used to examine across‐shelf circulation. The flow structure and surface transport are determined on this wide shallow shelf system, in which wind stress is a primary forcing mechanism, over a wide range of environmental conditions. The relatively long data set allows the along‐ and across‐shelf wind stress responses to be separated so that their individual contributions to the flow structure can be analyzed. This study finds that both along‐ and across‐shelf wind stress play a role in the across‐shelf circulation. While the along‐shelf wind is correlated with the currents during all seasons, the across‐shelf shelf wind is most clearly correlated with the currents during fall and winter when the water column is least stratified and the across‐shelf wind stress is strongest. In addition, wind stress magnitude, mid‐depth vertical shear of the horizontal velocity, and stratification all show significant relationships with across‐shelf transport effectiveness to varying degrees. The wide range of stratification conditions provides new insight on the influence of stratification on transport effectiveness and across‐shelf wind stress forcing. Under very low stratification conditions, there is no apparent relationship between stratification and transport effectiveness, and across‐shelf wind stress can generate a significant forcing contribution. As stratification increases, across‐shelf wind stress becomes less important and the transport effectiveness increases to a point, above which, there is again no clear relationship with stratification.


Introduction: Despite the beneficial roles of nitric oxide, its excessive synthesis causes neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the nitric oxide changes in the hippocampal tissue and the pain sensation of male Parkinson's rats after 6 weeks of continuous and interval training.
Methods: In this experimental study, 24 Wistar male rats were used. Rats were treated with Parkinson's using reserpine, and then divided into four groups (n=6). Aerobic exercise was performed for 6 weeks and 5 sessions per week. The duration of training increased from the first to the sixth week, it increased from 15 minutes on the first day to 40 minutes in the sixth week. The interval group performed the specified duration of the exercise twice in the first week, four times in the second to fourth weeks, and six times in the fifth to sixth weeks. At the end of 6 weeks, pain sensation was measured using formalin test and then rats were sacrificed. The tissue of the hippocampus was separated, and nitric oxide was measured using the ELISA method and special kits. The results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and LSD follow-up.
Results:The results showed that Parkinson's disease increased nitric oxide levels (p ≤0.05). Continuous and interval aerobic exercise reduced nitric oxide (p ≤0.05). There was no significant difference between the two training groups (p ≤0.68). In addition, Parkinson's control group showed a significant increase in pain compared to the control group (p ≤0.01). Two types of exercise reduced pain (p ≤0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups (p≤0.23).
Conclusion:According to the findings of this study, continuous and periodic aerobic exercise reduced nitric oxide levels and pain in the rats of the Parkinson's model.


Abstract— This paper proposes a proficient implementation scheme for the voltage control of an induction motor drive with 'Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM)'. Voltage control is required to meet the variation in the input voltage and to regulate the output of the inverter. Space Vector Modulation (SVM) is an algorithm for the control of Pulse Width Modulation (PWM). For low and medium power applications SVM is efficient and economical.The performance of Space Vector Modulation technique and Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation are compared and SVM gives better harmonic response with higher efficiency.


There was a time when international trade negotiations primarily concerned lowering national tariffs on goods, but that is in the distant past. In addition to goods and so many kinds of services, trade negotiations today establish or involve international policies on investment, labor rights, the environment, competition policy, government procurement, electronic commerce, intellectual property rights, and even food safety and access to medicines. For the sick person, access to the right medicine can make the difference between life and death, making this an important public health issue. At the same time, most medicines are developed, tested, produced, and distributed by commercial enterprises. The protection of property rights —


The legacy of industrialization has left many soils contaminated. However, soil organisms and plant communities can thrive in spite of metal contamination and, in some cases, metabolize and help in remediation. The responses of plants and soil organisms to contamination are mutually dependent and dynamic. Plantesoil feedbacks are central to the development of any terrestrial community; they are ongoing in both contaminated and healthy soils. However, the theory that governs plantesoil feedbacks in healthy soils needs to be studied in contaminated soils. In healthy soils, negative feedbacks (i.e. pathogens) play a central role in shaping plant community structure. However to our knowledge, the nature of feedback relationships has never been addressed in contaminated soils. Here we review literature that supports a plantesoil feedback approach to understanding the ecology of metalcontaminated soil. Further, we discuss the idea that within these soils, the role of positive as opposed to negative plantesoil feedbacks may be more important. Testing this idea in a rigorous way in any ecosystem is challenging, and metal contamination imposes an additional abiotic constraint. We discuss research goals and experimental approaches to study plantesoil interactions applicable to metalcontaminated soils; these insights can be extended to other contaminated environments and restora-


On September 26, 2021 a sudden debris flow in the northern part of the Kresna Gorge suspended traffic on the international road E-79. The following paper characterizes the synoptic situation that leads to a debris flow event and related deposits. The type of flow is determined bases on data obtained from grain size and morphoscopic analyses. A general assessment of the strengthening measures is made.


In this paper we introduce and develop the method of diagonalization of functions $f:\mathbb{N}\longrightarrow \mathbb{R}$. We apply this method to show that the equations of the form $\Gamma_r(n)+k=m^2$ has a finite number of solutions $n\in \mathbb{N}$ with $n>r$ for any fixed $k,r\in \mathbb{N}$, where $\Gamma_r(n)=n(n-1)\cdots (n-r)$ denotes the $r^{th}$ truncated Gamma function.


This paper presents a diagnostic assessment study, evaluating five leading multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) on their effectiveness, efficiency, reliability, and controllability on four different formulations of the same benchmark conceptual design problem, using the same underlying model. This assessment entails a broad sampling of the parameter space of each MOEA, for each problem formulation, requiring millions of optimization runs and trillions of model evaluations. The results of this assessment show the strengths and limitations of these MOEAs, establishing the Borg MOEA as a leading algorithm.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


Criminal convictions are often associated with collateral consequences that limit access to the forms of employment and social services on which disadvantaged women most frequently rely—regardless of the severity of the offense. These consequences may play an important role in perpetuating health disparities by socioeconomic status and gender. We examined the extent to which research studies to date have assessed whether a criminal conviction might influence women's health by limiting access to Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and employment, as a secondary, or "collateral" criminal conviction-related consequence. We reviewed 434 peer-reviewed journal articles retrieved from three electronic article databases and 197 research reports from three research organizations. Two reviewers independently extracted data from each eligible article or report using a standardized coding scheme. Of the sixteen eligible studies included in the review, most were descriptive. None explored whether receiving TANF modified health outcomes, despite its potential to do so. Researchers to date have not fully examined the causal pathways that could link employment, receiving TANF, and health, especially for disadvantaged women. Future research is needed to address this gap and to understand better the potential consequences of the criminal justice system involvement on the health of this vulnerable population.


Newspaper clipping of the Washington Post with part of an article of Lazarsky's aviation experiences. The article includes a photo on the first page with a caption, "A copy of a military photo shows Lazarsky in the 1940s. She wanted only one thing in those days: 'To fly.'" and a group photo on the second page with the caption, "Members of the Women Air Force Service Pilots gathered last month for trip to Moscow, where they met their Soviet counterparts in World War II."


Background: Active cervical spine rotation (ACROM Rot) shows cervical rotation and flexion rotation test (FRT); side-bending rotation test (SBRT) and upper cervical axial rotation test (C0–C2ART) are described to measure upper cervical rotation. The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the normal range of motion (ROM) of ACROM Rot, and the ROM in FRT, SBRT and C0–C2ART tests; (2) to explore the correlation among the four tests and (3) to investigate the influence of age and sex in their ROM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with healthy volunteers from 18 to 75 years of age. Tests were measured using a CROM device and a bubble inclinometer. Descriptive analysis was performed to establish normative data for the ROM tests. Correlation analysis was conducted to understand the relation between upper and global cervical rotation ROM and among the three upper cervical rotation tests. Linear regression models were developed to understand the influence of age and sex in the ROM of all tests. Results: Normative values were obtained from 122 healthy volunteers (50% male), by sex and age strata. The degree of correlation ranged between 0.582 (p < 0.01) for FRT and ACROM Rot left and 0.217 (p < 0.05) for SBRT and C0–C2ART left. Linear regression models showed the influence of sex for ACROM Rot right (men −4.64° less than women), SBRT (men −4.1° less than women) left and C0–C2ART right and left (men −2.24° and −1.78° less than women). The age influenced rotation ROM with a decrease for every 10 years of −2.11° and −1.96° for ACROM Rot right and left, of −1.72° and −1.26° for FRT right and left and −0.58° and −0.41° for C0–C2ART right and left in the linear regression models. No association was found between age and SBRT (p = 0.63 for right SBRT and p = 0.49 for left SBRT). Conclusion: Weak-to-moderate correlation was found between the upper cervical spine rotation tests and with the ACROM. Women had a larger ROM in ACROM Rot right, SBRT left and C0–C2ART. Decreases in ROM related with age were observed for ACROM Rot, FRT and C0–C2ART but not for SBRT.


The formation of the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) and electron temperature in low temperature gas discharge plasmas is analyzed in frames of local and non-local electron kinetics. It is shown, that contrary to the local case, typical for plasma in uniform electric field, there is the possibility for EEDF modification, at the condition of non-local electron kinetics in strongly non-uniform electric fields. Such conditions "naturally" occur in some self-organized steady state dc and rf discharge plasmas, and they suggest the variety of artificial methods for EEDF modification. EEDF modification and electron temperature control in non-equilibrium conditions occurring naturally and those stimulated by different kinds of plasma disturbances are illustrated with numerous experiments. The necessary conditions for EEDF modification in gas discharge plasmas are formulated.


Background: Mutations of GDAP1 gene cause autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and more than 40 different mutations have been reported. The recessive Q163X mutation has been described in patients of Spanish ancestry, and a founder mutation in South American patients, originating in Spain has been demonstrated. Objective: We describe physical and histological features, and the molecular impact of mutation Q163X in a Colombian family. Methods: We report two female patients, daughters of consanguineous parents, with onset of symptoms within the first two years of life, developing severe functional impairment, without evidence of dysmorphic features, hoarseness or diaphragmatic paralysis. Electrophysiology tests showed a sensory and motor neuropathy with axonal pattern. Sequencing of GDAP1 gene was requested and the study identified a homozygous point mutation (c.487 C>T) in exon 4, resulting in a premature stop codon (p.Q163X). This result confirms the diagnosis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, type 4A. Results: The patients were referred to Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation service, in order to be evaluated for ambulation assistance. They have been followed by Pulmonology service, for pulmonary function assessment and diaphragmatic paralysis evaluation. Genetic counseling was offered. The study of the genealogy of the patient, phenotypic features, and electrophysiological findings must be included as valuable tools in the clinical approach of the patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, in order to define a causative mutation. In patients of South American origin, the presence of GDAP1 gene mutations should be considered, especially the Q163X mutation, as the cause of CMT4A disease.


An automatic installation for beta - gamma correlations in recording circular polarization of gamma quanta is described. The design is given of the autocommutation block and of the fastacting pulse amplitude analyzer. (tr-auth)


Objective The observation of salvia miltiorrhiza injection combined phlegm heat injection curative effect for the treatment of bronchial asthma episodes. Methods The control group given routine drug treatment, the treatment group on the basis of the control group given danshen injection combined phlegm heat injection. Results Treatment group total effective rate was 92.59%, and conventional treatment group had significant difference(P0.05). Conclusion Hint of salvia miltiorrhiza injection combined phlegm heat injection treatment of infantile bronchial asthma episodes have better curative effect.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is at least partially transparent, relates generally flat plastic material product composed of at least partially added overmolded plastic material of the outer surface. The present invention further relates a two production methods of the products using injection molding technique, to the use of the product as a transportation vehicle or architectural glass.


Results are presented of an experimental investigation of reflection of laser radiation by a plasma. The latter is produced by focusing plane-polarized radiation from a neodymium laser ( lambda = 1.06 mu ) on the surface of targets with various atomic numbers, the radiation flux varying between 5 x 10/sup 10/ and 5 x 10/sup 12/ W/cm/sup 2/. With fluxes exceeding approximates 10/sup 12/ W/cm/sup 2/ an anomalously rap id decrease of the reflection coefficient is observed. A line with a wavelength lambda = 0.53 mu appears in the spectrum of the radiation reflected back into the solid angle of the focusing lens. This line corresponds to the second harmonic of the radiation incident on the target. A ruby laser ( lambda = 0.69 mu ) synchronized with the neodymium laser and with its probing radiation focused onto the same focal spot, is employed for measuring the reflection coefficient at another wavelength. The resuits obtained are discussed. (auth)


The quantum nature of matter lies in the wave function phases that accumulate while particles move along their trajectories. A prominent example is the Aharonov-Bohm phase, which has been studied in connection with the conductance of nanostructures. However, optical response in solids is determined by neutral excitations, for which no sensitivity to magnetic flux would be expected. We propose a mechanism for the topological phase of a neutral particle, a polarized exciton confined to a semiconductor quantum ring. We predict that this magnetic-field induced phase may strongly affect excitons in a system with cylindrical symmetry, resulting in switching between ``bright'' exciton ground states and novel ``dark'' states with nearly infinite lifetimes. Since excitons determine the optical response of semiconductors, the predicted phase can be used to tailor photon emission from quantum nanostructures.


This study investigated children's reactions to people speaking a foreign language on television in either prosocial or antisocial representations. It was predicted that prejudice would be greatest in the condition in which the targets were shown speaking a foreign language and behaving in an antisocial manner, and that this would be most marked in younger children. Participants aged 6, 8 or 10 years viewed short programmes in which the same family appeared as English-speaking or foreign-speaking, prosocial or antisocial. The language was created for this study, circumventing the possibility of pre-existing biases affecting responses. Children completed three prejudice measures. The results indicated bias against foreign speakers in the 6- and 8-year-old groups, but not in the 10-year-olds. The findings are discussed in relation to developmental changes in prejudice and implications for media portrayals.


Determining scoring values in cases of UGIB is important to do so it can be used as a basis to determine the mortality rate of UGIB patients. Despite the dependency of most risk scoring systems for this disorder on endoscopic findings, the Glasgow-Blatchford Bleeding Score (GBS) and Incomplete Rockall Score (IRS) are based on simple variables. Our purpose to differentiate about sensitivity and spesificity between IRS and GBS to predict the severity of patient with non variceal upper GI bleeding without the endoscopic score. Our study was undertaken in emergency department Saiful Anwar hospital, Malang. The sample consist of 102 patients with non variceal upper GI bleeding from November 2012 to April 2013. With receiving-operator characteristics (ROC), we compare the significance between IRS and GBS in predicting the severity of patient with non variceal upper GI bleeding. In next step, we compare both of them with the diagnostic test. ROC curve shows that GBS is slightly better than IRS (0,955 vs 0,744, p<0,05). IRS has better specificity (79,55% vs 70,45%) than GBS. But, GBS has better sensitivity (96,55% vs 65,52%). The final results is GBS as an alternative diagnostic score has better results than IRS in understanding the severity of patient with non variceal upper GI bleeding in Saiful Anwar hospital. Therefore, it can be used as a simple predictor replacing the endoscopic score.


This paper presents the critical analysis of making technology of austenitic manganese steel T130Mn135, used for castings of the type Mills hammer at a Romanian foundry. Are analyzed 11 charges of steel for castings and is determined the diagram of the heat treatment. After the applying of the heat treatment results a single-phase structure, consisting of homogeneous austenite. For all the 11 charges is presented the variation of chemical composition.


The present invention relates to a ball conveyor (1) for arrangement on a slope (10) of a surface miner funnel, with the raw materials (11) from a lower height level (12), in particular a working level (12) of the pit, an upper height level (13), in particular formed by a ground (13) can be transported, arranged comprising an at the embankment (10) line (14). According to the invention, a first conveyor basket (15) and a second conveyor basket (16) is provided, which conveyor baskets (15, 16) on the route (14) between the lower height level (12) and the top height level (13) are movable and adapted to receive of the raw materials (11) are formed, wherein the cages (15, 16) via at least one common traction means (17) are in communication with each other.


We present the results of quantitative variable-temperature neutron powder diffraction experiments performed on the OSIRIS instrument at the ISIS facility on the pure silica zeolites chabazite and ITQ-4. Chabazite has been found to be one of the most strongly contracting materials known, with a linear expansion coefficient αv/3 varying from −0.5 × 10-6 to −16.7 × 10-6 K-1 over the temperature range 293−873 K. Full Rietveld refinement has been carried out using three different refinement strategies:  free isotropic refinements, refinement using geometrical restraints, and a rigid body refinement. The free isotropic refinement was found to be the most successful. In agreement with previous studies on ZrW2O8 and Sc2(WO4)3 type materials, we suggest that changes in Si−O−Si interpolyhedral bond angles are the driving force for the contraction mechanism. ITQ-4 has also been found to contract over the temperature range 95−510 K, with αv/3 varying from −2.2 × 10-6 to −3.7 × 10-6 K-1 over this range.


Pig and wrought variegated copper-ware and black copper-ware gilt with silver are local artifacts of Yunnan which enjoy great popularity worldwide and reveal the charm of Yunnan copper-ware.The unique materials and processing technique have attracted numerous metallurgical technicians and artists at home and abroad.The re-crystallizing process of.the pig variegated copper and the processing technique of the black copper-ware gilt with silver have great technical value.


Nature is the source of human subsistence but the transformation of nature into food is a cultural process that is not independent of power relations. The colonization of America comprised the systematic repression of indigenous ways of knowing and even after the elimination of political colonialism the relationship between European cultures and the others is still one of colonial domination (Quijano 1992, p. 438) The colonial repression of different knowledges also affects the culinary epistemology that informs food preparation and consumption. Three instances in which the effects of coloniality in the food cultures of the New World can be observed are: (1) the degradation of indigenous culinary knowledge as a response to the challenge that American nature and indigenous culinary practices posed to Europe, (2) the enduring hegemony of French cuisine as the highest standard of European culinary modernity-rationality against which all other cuisines are measured and (3) the practice of a fusion cuisine structured by European culinary values and that incorporates other cuisines only to reduce them to sources of natural ingredients devoid of a culture of their own. I finish with a consideration of what the decolonization of culinary knowledge might entail.


Considering gravitational waves propagating on the most general 4+N-dimensional space-time, we investigate the effects due to the N extra dimensions on the four-dimensional waves. All wave equations are derived in general and discussed. On Minkowski4 times an arbitrary Ricci-flat compact manifold, we find: a massless wave with an additional polarization, the breathing mode, and extra waves with high frequencies fixed by Kaluza-Klein masses. We discuss whether these two effects could be observed.


The world's food security and safety are of great concern to the research community due to the danger posed by the growing human population, climate change and other challenges. Precision agriculture optimizes food production in farmlands by efficiently utilizing available farm inputs. Agricultural robotics is one of the key methods that are used in achieving precision agriculture. The utilization of robots to carry out farm activities requires a robust control approach that would ensure accurate trajectories are followed for fertilizer and pesticide application; harvesting, cultivating and other applications. Thus, this paper presents a sliding mode control (SMC) for the tracking of three different trajectories that could be used to achieve any agricultural task. The work presents performance analysis of essential trajectories since they are required for the execution of agricultural tasks to fully robotize the agricultural sector. The obtained results demonstrate that SMC provides an excellent tracking performance on each of the examined trajectories.


:Based on distributed network intelligent editing technology, the mobile learning mode can effectively mobilize the enthusiasm of college students in foreign language learning, comprehensively improve college students' language skills, teach and cultivate students' translation ability, change the traditional teaching mode of teaching instead of learning, and strengthen students' autonomy Learning ability, this research starts from the autonomous learning theory of college English translation, and hopes to cultivate students' initiative and active awareness by mastering practical and effective online English translation methods, and accumulate a certain English vocabulary foundation in the process of actual knowledge learning and translation knowledge points.


This paper proposes a multi-agent control scheme in order to coordinate between distributed battery energy storage systems (BESS) and renewable distributed generation (DG) units in distribution networks. The proposed control scheme aims to utilize BESSs as distributed voltage controllers across the distribution network, in such a way to overcome the intermittent high-ramp rate of renewable DG units. To that end, the voltage control in distribution networks is formulated as a distributed constraint satisfaction problem (DisCSP). An asynchronous weak commitment approach is utilized to solve the formulated problem. Several case studies are carried out to test the effectiveness and performance of the proposed algorithm under different operating conditions.


Medicinal plants are alternative rich source of antibacterial agents. The present study was an attempt to isolate the phytoconstituents present in the ethyl acetate fraction of Capparis zeylanica and to assess in vitro antimicrobial activity of different fractions of Capparis zeylanica. Capparis zeylanica belongs to Capparidaceae, found useful in various system of medicine. It possesses numerous pharmacological and phytochemical properties. The stems are shade dried powdered and subjected to extraction and fractionation. The fractions were subjected to column chromatography followed by isolation and characterisation of active components using TLC and spectrophotometric methods. The present research lead to the separation of β-sitosterol, α-amyrin and kaempferol a flavonoid derivative were identified and characterized by physical methods. The methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane and hydroalcoholic extracts of stems of Capparis zeylanica were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against gram+ve, gram-ve bacteria and fungi. Zone of inhibition diameters were observed. This activity was evaluated using disc diffusion method with a standard antibiotic and anti-fungal drug, penicillin and fluconazole. The antibacterial activity was not present in hexane fraction. Methanolic extract showed moderately good activity. However, highest antibacterial activity was found in Ethyl acetate fraction. The anti-fungal activity of the extract and fractions was moderately active compared to standard.


In an age of fake news and churn-based journalism (or churnalism), how media process content to create news is a vital for readers and the organisations that use news media as a communication channel during crises. This study builds on existing research in the field of crisis communication to elaborate how media content such as sources and their attributions of blame influences trust during an organisational crisis event.


© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. No commercial reuse. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. EFFECT OF A WARD-BASED PROGRAM ON HOSPITALASSOCIATED COMPLICATIONS AND LENGTH OF STAY FOR OLDER INPATIENTS JAMA Internal Medicine, 10 January 2022 There are more than 703 million adults aged 65 years or older in the world, a number expected to double by 2050. In the USA alone, they make up an estimated 16% of the population, but account for more than 30% of healthcare visits and 17% of hospitalisation. When hospitalised, they are more likely to suffer complications including delirium, incontinence, falls and pressure injuries. 5 Delirium alone affects up to 30% of older adults admitted to the hospital and is associated with increased length of stay (LOS), likelihood of discharge to a nursing facility and risk of allcause mortality. Delirium also represents a significant financial impact on healthcare systems, with a recent analysis in Australia estimating $A8.8 billion (approximately US$6.2 billion) in costs over 2016–2017. A similar analysis from the USA suggests costs ranging from US$38 to US$152 billion. More importantly, however, some data suggest that delirium is preventable in up to 40% of cases. Given the growing elderly segment of the population and the deleterious impacts associated with delirium, exploring avenues to minimise risk of developing delirium in this population is of the utmost importance. In this cluster randomised trial, Mudge and colleagues explored the impact of an 'Eat Walk Engage' programme for hospitalised older patients in delivery of agefriendly principles of care and reduction of hospitalassociated complications of older people (HACOP). The goal of this programme was to 'support more consistent delivery of key principles of nutrition and hydration, mobility, and meaningful cognitive and social engagement, as well as improve multidisciplinary teamwork'. The programme Healthcare quality and safety span multiple topics across the spectrum of academic and clinical disciplines. Keeping abreast of the rapidly growing body of work can be challenging. In this series, we provide succinct summaries of selected relevant studies published in the last several months. Some articles will focus on a particular theme, whereas others will highlight unique publications from highimpact medical journals.


To improve ground infrared detection,the infrared detecting simulation model of ballistic missile in re-entry is established,considering the aerodynamic heating of missile in the re-entry,the infrared radiance attenuation in atmosphere,and background radiation noise.The SNR system is analyzed with different conditions.The results indicate that by selecting working band,increasing the system aperture and exposing time,improving the optical design,and selecting the cloudless weather for observation will improve the effect of system.


Moral Education in the process of building a socialist harmonious society plays an important role.In the new social conditions,we should all recognize the moral disharmony.Construction characteristics of the times it was in compliance with the laws of harmony and moral education system.


We propose a novel sensor interface for detecting notes in the musical audio signals, particularly with reference to polyphonic music of percussive pitched musical instruments.


We are holding a consultation on the first stage of an Area Action Plan for Long Stratton and are seeking resident's views.


This paper analyses different grammaticalization processes from early Spanish where demonstratives and/or substantives are involved. Those processes facilitate the appearance of phrases with conditional or causal meaning: a/por pleyto que, con condicion que, a condicion que, con condicion de que, a condicion de que, por razon de que, etc. Special emphasis is placed on the explanations of these processes. A large number of examples have been collected to better accomplish this task.


The present application relates to a binder for a lithium-sulfur secondary battery cathode, and a composition containing the same. The binder of the present application enables a cathode active material electrolyte to have excellent resistance.


Human papillomavirus infection is relatively common in communities. Thus, determining an effective and painless treatment method, especially in pediatric patients is of utmost importance. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of three different methods of treating plantar warts in pediatric patients. Children with verruca plantaris treated with a salicylic acid–lactic acid combination once daily (SA/LA 1), a salicylic acid–lactic acid combination applied in three to seven layers under occlusion every 3 days (SA/LA 2), or a combination of 5‐fluorouracil (0.5%) and salicylic acid (10%) (SA/5‐FU) were evaluated retrospectively. Treatment responses and recurrence rates were also evaluated after a minimum of 4 months. Among the 98 children with verruca plantaris, 19 were treated with SA/LA 1, 53 were treated with SA/LA 2, and 18 were treated with SA/5‐FU; the eight patients who received cryotherapy were excluded. The mean treatment duration was significantly shorter in the SA/LA 2 group than in the SA/LA 1 group and the SA/5‐FU group. (p = 0.000 for both) Application of a salicylic acid–lactic acid combination in multiple layers under occlusion is a safe, painless, and effective treatment method for plantar warts in children.


ABSTRACT This article looks at how hatred affects development: how children may come to hate, the impact of hatred on a child's development, the evolving awareness of hatred, and how we may try to insulate a child from being the object of hatred and prejudice. What is suggested is that we aid children in developing a "not REALLY me" me; one akin to the "me" that a psychoanalyst develops in response to being the object of transference.


An attachment has been developed for center pivot irrigation systems to surface seed crops, a process called seedigation. Since corn (Zea mays L.) is commonly irrigated in Nebraska, we evaluated seedigation of corn. The effects of five tillage practices and five irrigation treatments on establishment, growth, and yield were determined. We evaluated dryland conditions and four irrigation frequencies: every other day, once/day, twice/day, and three times/day. Tillage practices included: disking prior to conventional planting, disking prior to surface seeding, disking before and after surface seeding, and surface seeding into undisturbed winter wheat, corn, and soybean residues. The establishment of conventionally planted seeds was similar to that when seeds were incorporated by disking after seeding. Establishment was significantly lower when seeds were not incorporated. Establishment was less than 20% when seeding into plots with plant residue cover. Frequent irrigation improved establishment when seeds were not incorporated. Establishment ranged from 34% for the dryland treatment to 69% when irrigated three times/day for plots that were only tilled before seeding. Grain yields were highest for conventionally planted corn. Yields for conventionally planted plots and those disked before and after surface seeding were significantly different in 1986, but not in 1987. Disking after seeding significantly increased yields. Disking before surface seeding produced significantly higher yields than seeding onto soils covered with plant residue. Only plots that were disked before and after seeding were economically comparable to conventional planting. Our results also suggest that tilling corn fields increases establishment of volunteer corn. These results provide initial data to evaluate seedigation for selected conditions. Soils, climatic conditions, management practices, and other factors affect results and additional research is needed to develop these relationships.


The theory of impulsive semidynamical systems is used in the analysis of systems which describe the evolution of process whose continuous dynamics are interrupted by abrupt changes of state. This phenomenon is called impulse. In many natural phenomena, the real deterministic models are often described by systems which involve impulses. In this work, we study the stability theory in impulsive semidynamical systems.


The W40 complex is a nearby site of recent massive star formation composed of a dense molecular cloud adjacent to an HII region that contains an embedded OB star cluster. The HII region is beginning to blister out and break free from its envelope of molecular gas, but our line of sight to the central stars is largely obscured by intervening dust. Several bright OB stars in W40 - visible at optical, infrared, or cm wavelengths - are providing the ionizing flux that heats the HII region. The known stellar component of W40 is dominated by a small number of partly or fully embedded OB stars which have been studied at various wavelengths, but the lower mass stellar population remains largely unexamined. Despite its modest optical appearance, at 600pc W40 is one of the nearest massive star forming regions, and with a UV flux of about 1/10th of the Orion Nebula Cluster, this neglected region deserves detailed investigation.


Static analysis of the Windows NT File System (NTFS) which is the standard and most commonly used file system could provide useful information for digital forensics. However, since the NTFS disk image records every event in the system, forensic tools need to process an enormous amount of information related to user / kernel environment, buffer overflows, trace conditions, network stack and other related subsystems. This leads to imperfect forensic tools that are practical for implementation but not comprehensive and effective. This research discusses the analysis technique to detect data hidden based on the internal structure of the NTFS file system in the boot sector. Further, it attempts to unearth the vulnerabilities of NTFS disk image and the weaknesses of the current forensic techniques. This paper argues that a comprehensive tool with improved techniques is warranted for a successful forensic analysis.


A common problem in chat is that the chat display only reveals the temporal order of the conversation. A better user interface is desired that reveals the logical order of the messages. The existing tree model groups messages that share the topic together. However, it does not reveal the temporal order of the messages. The temporal order is an important feature for a chat interface, as it is intuitive and similar to face-to-face conversation where people discuss issues following a sequential order. In this paper, we introduce a new message ordering chat feature that addresses the problem of logical ordering while keeping the temporal order of the chat. The trade offs of the new feature are discussed.


The variation of matter production ability between super-high-yielding soybean cultivar and common soybean cultivar was uncertain before.The experiment was conducted as a double split-plot design with three replications.Main plots were diammonium phosphate treatments,split plots were planting density treatments and the split-split plots were cultivars.The results showed as follows:diammonium phosphate treatment could promote N accumulation in stem,leaf,pod wall,seed and the whole plant.N accumulation in every part was decreased with planting density increased.N accumulation in petiole of super-high-yielding cultivar was higher than those of common cultivar at reproductive stage.Maximum accumulation rate of nitrogen increased with diammonium phosphate level and planting density enhanced,and that of of super-high-yielding cultivar was higher than common cultivar.Diammonium phosphate treatment could decrease N accumulation of producing 100 kg seed in super-high-yielding cultivar with different degrees.The highest N accumulation of producing 100 kg seed in two cultivars was at 22.5×104 plant·hm-2 planting density.Nutrient absorption amount of super-high-yielding cultivar was less than that of common cultivar.The seed yield of super-high-yielding cultivar was increased with diammonium phosphate level and planting density enhanced,the highest one was at 300 kg·hm-2 diammonium phosphate treatment and 22.5×104 plant·hm-2 planting density.The highest seed yield of common cultivar was at 150 kg·hm-2 diammonium phosphate treatment and 15.0×104 plant·hm-2planting density.


The information technology quotient is on the rise in every field imaginable – computers and the Internet are everywhere. Essential information technology (IT) competencies are often taken for granted, to the detriment of students who lack computing and Internet skills. A standard set of computer skills that clearly define the IT competent individual has yet to be determined. However, an upsurge of interest in online learning has prompted many institutions of higher education to implement an assessment measure that aims to ascertain student readiness for distance education via the Internet. This paper summarizes commonly employed IT assessment instruments and introduces a new selfassessment instrument that focuses on three areas: computer hardware and system software; software applications; and networking, the Internet and information literacy. A preliminary administration of the instrument is described.


The revealed comparative advantage index shows country's share of world markets in a given product, relative to its share in all manufactures. It expresses what specific products the country exports, and where it losing or gaining advantage. For ease of interpretation this paper reports the logarithm of RCA measure. According to this measure, the leading export products are those with high and rising RCA. In the case of Serbia and Montenegro, an unusual mix of manufactures appears to be among leading industries, including footwear, clothes, agricultural products, and mineral raw-materials.


On view of the activities of China modern design presently,the social responsibility for designing is already at the dangerous edge,i.e.many art works show themselves as low taste or luxurious waste,even to bring forth tremendous social problem;it has no doubt that some art works just cater to the customers'idea;and also some of them has considered as great works with the help of our designer's forceful advertisement.To solve this problem,we should pay attention to cultivate the basic social responsibility during the teaching course;we need to take the responsibility of our design works,to our customers and for our society.


Relatively abundant and diverse nonmarine trace fossils (including small theropod dinosaur footprints) were discovered from the Early Cretaceous Laiyang Group , Laiyang Basin, eastern China. The Laiyang Group, consisting of a sequence of fluvial lacustrine strata with a thickness of 1,655 m, can be divided into six formations, which are, in ascending order, the Wawukuang, Linsishan, Zhifengzhuang, Shuinan, Longwanzhuang and Qugezhuang Formations. Eleven ichnogenera, including ten invertebrate ones and a dinosaur ichnogenus, and a type of unknown arthropod crawling trace are described in the present paper. The 10 invertebrate inchnogenera are represented by Cochlichnus anguines, Diplocraterion parallelum, Helminthoidichnites tenuis, Palaeophycus tubularis, Planolites montanus, Scolica sp., Scoyenia gracilis, Skolithos linearis, Taenidium cameronensis, Thalassinoides sp.. The dinosaur track is Paragrallator yangi Li et Zhang. Trace fossils are unevenly distributed across the section. The middle formation the Shuinan Formation, and the upper two formations the Longwangzhuang Formation and the Qugezhuang Formation yield more abundant and diverse trace fossils than the other three underlying formations. In terms of ethological classification, the trace fossils from the Laiyang Group fall in four categories, which are Domichnia (including ichnogenera Skolithos and Palaeophycus ), Repchnia (including Scolicia, the unknown arthropod trace fossil, dinosaur track Paragrallator ), Fodinichnia (ichnogenera Helmithoidichnites, Scoyenia, Taenidium, Plan olites ), and Pascichnion ( Cochlichnus ).


Using a computable general equilibrium model, this paper estimates the potential gains from deepening integration across South Asia and Southeast Asia. If the two regions succeed in dropping inter-regional tariffs, reducing non-tariff barriers by 50 percent, and decreasing inter-regional trade costs by 15 percent—which the paper suggests are ambitious but nevertheless attainable—welfare in South Asia and Southeast Asia would rise by 8.9 percent and 6.4 percent of GDP, respectively, by 2030. Hence, we conclude that deepening South Asian regional cooperation together with building links to Southeast Asia would pay off rich dividends.


The success of becoming a national athlete cannot be separated from various aspects which influence it, they are internal aspects, coaching and training, social environment, family, education, sociocultural, and other factors. The purpose of this research is to identify the national athlete profiles from their socio-economic and educational aspects. This research was categorized into descriptive qualitative research involving eight participants from national athletes in Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan. The results of the study showed that the social attitude of the athlete's achievements was due to their disciplines, high willpower, determination to win, self-confidence, fighting, hard work, perseverance, patience, and prayer. In addition, based on the economic aspects, the athletes have the opportunity to become civil servants; get some money, land lots, and a house; be more convenient to choose a school; and have the opportunity to go Hajj and travel abroad. The research also showed that most of them are high school graduates, some are still in college and some of them are college graduates. As national athletes, they must be able to manage the time between training and studying, especially when they are taking part in training camps and matches.


Background: Light is one of the external stimulus playing a great role in mammal's circadian rhythm. The light-dark cycle in environment could affect the secretion of melatonin from the pineal gland. Moreover, change of melatonin secretion could affect body's acute response, such as leukocyte commonly linked to immune system.
Due to changing lifestyle and increasing work pressure, many individuals experience lack of sleep or sleeping disorder which results in inadequate exposure of light. As many immune components have been shown to have circadian patterns affected by light, it is highly likely that the effect to the immune system is detrimental. As a result, the ability of immune system on fighting mechanical stimulus,which often cause inflammation on gingiva, could be affected. Purpose: The aim of this study is to find the effect of circadian rhythm and mechanical stimulus to differential leukocyte counts on marmots. Methods: 24 marmots (Cavia cobaya) were classified into three groups: control group (12 Hours Light:12 Hours Dark/12HL:12HD), constant light/24 Hours Light (24HL) group and constant dark/24 Hours Dark (24HD) group. After 15 days, blood were collected from each group and differential leukocyte counts were measured. Later on, tooth separator were inserted in the marmots' upper teeth for 7 days. Finally, blood were collected and differential leukocyte counts were measured. Results: There is a significant difference between each group, before and after the placement of separator computed using repeat measure test (p<0.05). Conclusion: Circadian rhythm and mechanical stimulus effects differential leukocyte counts on marmots.


The modern World is dominated by computers and their related tools. In the post globalization scenario one may say that one is totally illiterate, but no one can afford to say that he/she is totally in compute rate. For the knowledge of computers is more and more essential and demanding than the knowledge of alphabet. In this paper an attempt is made to touch upon various aspects of client - server computing and its diverse operating systems.


Pes cavovarus deformities of the foot and ankle pose significant challenges for patients and clinicians, often leading to debilitating symptoms and sequelae. This case study presents a 67-year-old female patient who underwent multiple surgical corrections for recurrent cavus foot deformity. The initial surgery involved Tendo-Achilles Lengthening, Dwyer Calcaneal Osteotomy, and Total Ankle Arthroplasty. However, over time, the deformity migrated to the forefoot and midfoot, necessitating further interventions, including dorsiflexory wedge osteotomy and IPJ fusion. Despite these efforts, the cavus deformity recurred in the rearfoot in 2022, leading to a comprehensive surgical approach. The procedures included soft tissue and osseous corrections, such as posterior tibial tendon lengthening, deltoid release, hardware removal, lateral calcaneal sliding osteotomy, and polyethylene replacement of the ankle arthroplasty. The patient experienced pain relief and improved function following this intervention. The study highlights the challenges associated with managing cavovarus deformities and the importance of a systematic approach to address both soft tissue contractures and osseous abnormalities. Furthermore, it underscores the potential for recurrence in such cases, necessitating vigilant postoperative monitoring and adaptable treatment strategies. While the patient achieved positive outcomes twelve months postoperatively, this case emphasizes the need for careful pre-operative planning and consideration of various surgical techniques to effectively manage pes cavovarus deformities and their recurrent nature.


The Boltzmann equation is solved for the distribution function of electrons in a static uniform magnetic field B 0 and a high frequency electric field. The tensor of dielectric constant and the propagation constant k are obtained from this solution. The calculations are made by neglecting the square of the amplitude of electric field for two cases: (1) k // B 0 , (2) k ⊥ B 0 . The attenuation spectrum for the case (2) is not a Lorentzian type and its maximum occurs at the microwave frequency \begin{aligned} \omega{\simeq}({\omega_{c}}^{2}+{\omega_{p}}^{2}+{\nu_{m}}^{2})^{1/2}. \end{aligned} If the electron density in high, the attenuation spectrum differs from a Lorentzian type even for the case (1).