Arbitration — Jurisdiction — United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 — Part XV and Annex VII — Dispute Settlement Mechanism — Existence of a dispute — UNCLOS Article 288(1) — Extent of jurisdiction — Whether extending to allegations of breaches of human rights Arbitration — Admissibility — United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 — Part XV and Annex VII — Standing of flag State to invoke responsibility of coastal State — UNCLOS Article 49(3) — Diplomatic protection — Exhaustion of local remedies — Whether applicant's claims being preponderantly for direct or indirect injury — Effect of settlement agreement between respondent and third party — Requirement to exchange views — UNCLOS Article 283 Arbitration — Applicable law — United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982 — Part XV and Annex VII — Whether arbitration tribunal empowered to apply international human rights law — UNCLOS Article 293 — Requirement of reasonableness — Necessity and proportionality — UNCLOS Article 300 — Good faith — Abuse of rights Damages — Compensation — Material damage for lost earnings, value of cargo, payment to secure release of vessel, vessel repairs, classification expenses, administrative expenses, reputational losses — Non-material damage for prosecution and detention of persons — Quantum of compensation deferred — Declaratory judgment — Finding of wrongful conduct — No formal apology required Environment — Marine pollution — UNCLOS Article 225 — Risk to marine environment — Ship-to-ship transfer of oil Sea — Archipelagic waters — UNCLOS Article 49(3) — Sovereignty of coastal State — Right of coastal State to enforce domestic law — Measures must be reasonable — Principles of necessity and proportionality apply Sea — Arrest and detention of vessel — UNCLOS Article 94 — Right of flag State to notice of arrest and detention Sea — Innocent passage — UNCLOS Article 25(1) — Right of coastal State to prevent non-innocent passage — Inapplicability to vessel not engaged in passage 96Sea — Territorial sea — UNCLOS Articles 2(3) and 49(3) — Distinction between enforcement jurisdiction of coastal State in territorial sea and in archipelagic waters


To build a gauge quantum field theory with boundaries is the aim of the paper. We study quantum electrodynamics coupled to the matter field on singular background, which we call defect. For defect on the infinite plane we calculated the fermion propagator and mean electromagnetic field. We show that at large distance from the defect plane, the electromagnetic field is constant what is in agreement with the classical results. The quantum corrections determining the field near the plane are calculated in the leading order of perturbation theory.


From the first days of the existence of the young Soviet Republic, along with economic devastation, it was threatened by an equally insidious enemy - epidemics that covered vast territories and reached extraordinary intensity. In the general picture of social upheavals of that time, epidemics occupied one of the first places. Only in the Tatar Republic in 1920, according to far from complete data, there were about 3 thousand patients with smallpox, 90 thousand patients with typhus, 14 thousand patients with relapsing fever. In Kazan in 1917-1919. 54% of workers have had malaria. In 1921, a cholera epidemic affected 12 thousand people, of whom 40% died.


A process has been found for the preparation of detergents and cleaners containing an aluminosilicate-based builder system which provides granules which are readily flowable and storable. In this process for producing a particulate detergent containing aluminosilicate, a detergent surfactant containing anionic surfactant and builders is sprayed with an anionic surfactant acid to increase the anionic surfactant content.


A liquid crystal display panel (100) and a display device using same. The liquid crystal display panel (100) comprises a first substrate (110), a second substrate (120), and a liquid crystal layer (130). The liquid crystal layer (130) is formed between the first substrate (110) and the second substrate (120). The second substrate (120) comprises pixels (124). Each pixel (124) comprises a primary pixel area (101) and a secondary pixel area (102). A first ratio of the line width to line spacing of a pixel branch (104) in the primary pixel area (101) is different from a second ratio of the line width to line spacing of a pixel branch (106) in the secondary pixel area (102). The problems of color cast and aperture ratio decline of the liquid crystal display panel (100) can be mitigated.


Between 1900 and 1925, the American economy witnessed a remarkably successful effort to upgrade competition through associations. Unlike the prevailing interpretation of American industrialization, in which associations fell prey to antitrust and collective action problems, we find many associations that reinvented themselves from cartels to developmental associations. This transition marked two previously unrecognized varieties in economic institutions. In the first, associations joined markets and corporate hierarchies to create variety in American capitalism. In the second, associations used deliberation, cost accounting, and benchmarking to enhance productivity and create varieties of collective governance. This article explains the origins of developmental associations, outlines their principles, traces their implementation in the commercial printing industry, and surveys their distribution and performance effects across 344 industries. Based on these findings, we revise conventional institutionalist assumptions about order and agency to make room for institutional diversity and actors' capacities for reflexivity and learning.


We examine the significance of the energy loss mechanisms active in electrostatic MEMS actuators. We find that the dominant loss mechanism changes depending on the actuator mode of operation. We find that the active mechanisms in the order of their significance are: fluid-structure interactions dominant for actuators operating in air, actuator-substrate interactions dominant for actuators in contact with a substrate under vacuum, and intrinsic loss mechanisms dominant for actuators in-flight under vacuum. Further, experimental results show that the quality factor of an electrostatic MEMS actuator drops drastically as the actuator first comes into line contact with a substrate. As the contact area expands along the actuator length, the quality factor increases. Measurements under 1 Torr vacuum show a three-fold increase in the quality factor as the contact area expands from a line to 30% of the actuator area. This increase in the quality factor is attributed to the drop in the contribution of friction forces into energy losses as contact expands and adhesion forces increase.


This article shows the results of the experimental researches in the cellular link of local immune protection of cats' genitals. Due to the urgency of the problem the aim of our study was to investigate the functional state of the phagocytic cells and to explore and interpret their role in the formation of the antimicrobial potential of homeostasis in the system of local immunity of the cats' reproductive organs. Cytochemical research determined the antimicrobial reactive Oxygen-dependent mechanism for the protection of neutrophil granulocytes in reaction with NBT It was found out, that the antimicrobial potential of phagocyte cells actively realizes via Oxygen dependent protection mechanisms. The total number of NBT + phagocytic cells in the investigated micropreparations was 21.35 ± 0.86%. Cytochemical reactivity of primary phagocytic cells was shown on the I and II level, which reflects the full manifestation of the phagocytic defense. The activated phagocytes have also shown the active adhesion and phagocytosis of epithelial cells and of apoptosial macrophages, which is also one of the signs of the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The interpretation of the results was done according to the outcomes of the research and the conclusions and recommendations on the application of cytochemical studies in a comprehensive assessment of the antimicrobial potential of phagocytic cells and for predicting clinical evaluation of reproductive diseases in small animals were developed. It is recommended to perform cytochemical studies during complex testing of the local immune protection of the reproductive organs of animals, which will allow to objectively assess the state of cellular immunity, diagnose subclinical manifestation of reproductive pathology and predict the risk of complications.


A computational method is presented for solving linear singularly perturbed two-point boundary value problems with a boundary layer on the left end of the interval. The original problem is divided into inner and outer region problems. The reduced problem is solved to obtain the terminal boundary condition. Then, a new inner region problem is created and solved as a two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP). In turn, the outer region problem is also solved as a TPBVP. Both these problems (TPBVPs) are efficiently solved by employing a fourth order finite difference scheme. The proposed method is iterative on the terminal point. Some numerical examples have been included to demonstrate the applicability of the method.


The ability to accurately and precisely measure the carbon stored and sequestered in forests is increasingly gaining global attention in recognition of the role forests have in the global carbon cycle, particularly with respect to mitigating carbondioxide emissions. Carbon stock was therefore estimated in Gambari, Osho and Shasha forest reserves in Southwestern Nigeria using forest inventory-based approach. Five 20 x 20 m sample plots each were laid in the Tectona grandis stands in the study locations making a total of fifteen plots. All the trees within a plot were measured for diameter at breast height (dbh), total height and merchantable height. The tree that had its dbh closest to the mean dbh was selected for destructive sampling to estimate its biomass. Four regression equations were developed out of which the one that had the best technical performance was selected to estimate biomass for all the trees measured. The mean plot biomass in each location was calculated and used to obtain biomass per hectare. Half of this value gave carbon per hectare value for each location. Carbon stocks per hectare were 14.84t, 29.36 t and 24.36 t in Gambari, Osho and Shasha respectively. Assuming the total areas of the reserves were covered by trees, it would mean large amount of Carbon would be stored and this would have great implications on carbon that would be sequestered from the environment. This would in turn mitigate the effect of CO 2 being released from other sources especially expansion of agricultural lands and fossil fuel burning.


We have investigated Ba high-l 8snl double Rydberg states produced by multistep laser excitation in the presence of a temporarily applied electric field to probe the Coulomb interaction between the two excited electrons. The spectra for the 6s→8s excitation with n-13 (l=12 to 6) show a strong dependence on the orbital momentum of the external electron, due to multipole effects. To explain the 5 fn'l'resonances appearing in the n=13 and 14 l=6 spectra, terms higher than the dipole interaction have to be considered in the multipole expansion


This essay considers the Dutch origin of the term "ego document" (including the great variety of autobiographical documents), coined by the historian Presser for Jewish documents originating from the Second World War. It proceeds to elucidate the author's own interest in, and in recent years, his own utilisation of the autobiographical mode as expressive mode. An overview is offered of Afrikaans memoires dating from before 1994, focusing especially on those by Philander, Steyn, Van Heerden and M.E.R. In the post 1994 period, Afrikaans writers' autobiographies could be read as a "literature of loss" ("verliesliteratuur"); with Karel Schoeman's Die laaste Afrikaanse boek (2002) the most marked example, as suggested by its title. Finally, literature is seen as a mnemonic device ("geheuebewaring").


In an effort of the Vietnamese government to improve the country's innovativeness, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) carried out a research to investigate Vietnamese companies' current state of innovation. Data of 510 manufacturers used in this paper was extracted from the survey campaign by the MOST. Via statistical analysis, findings indicated that only a humble share of Vietnamese companies is currently performing innovative activities. These firms invest the most on new technology. When it comes to the relationship between innovative performance and firm performance, significant regressive relationships have been found yet, the results are dissimilar across industries. Besides, innovative performance displayed mixed effects on performance, which seems to confirm previous literatures' diverse receptions about this topic.


Biofuel production in recent years has been done due to increased greenhouse gases; in Ecuador, specifically in the Guayaquil city is being carried out the biofuel production created from ethanol that comes of sugar cane, which it is used in a 5% into the gasoline.
This project aims to develop new research for the bioethanol development from agave juice, as this plant is rich in carbohydrates and through the fermentation and distillation of sugars are converted into ethanol. Several treatments with 30 liters of each juices from two kinds of agaves was performed: black Agave (American Agave), white Agave (Agave spp), with different types of enzymes in the two times established into the fermentation process, the researcher used a experimental design with factorial variables A * B * C with the purpose of finding the best treatment, where the factors studied were: A (varieties of agaves), B (types of enzymes), C (types of fermentation), this research cost $ 75.5 USD in total; once the fermentation and distillation process were made with their respective times the researcher determine: the °Brix and °GL (ALCOHOLIC) volumes, which permitted to identify the best treatment, Treatment 1 (a1b1c1) black agave plus enzyme 1 in 8 days; it is reaching 91% purity of ethanol in alcohol content (°GL). After that, a physical-chemical analysis ....


to err by excess unless we take into account the need to counteract entrenched habits of mind. For consistently the new emphasis falls on what theology itself has to gain from encounter with the secular environment rather than what it can give to it. My province is to comment on one of the three main findings of this symposium. All the contributors agree that theology 'must take the pressure of the times' if it is to be living and vital rather than dead or neglected. In order to do so, they conclude, it needs three things a university setting, lay participation and the ecumenical dialogue. Theology cannot afford to remain outside the university setting in so far as the modern university provides an intellectual and creative centre for its society. (This last by the way is an assumption which the speakers could hardly afford to examine but which at any rate they postulate with no sign of unease.) Under modern conditions the most favourable setting is not the closed Catholic university or institute but the open, neutral or secular university, for it is here that theology has the best chance to re-establish contact with the various secular disciplines and work out a new relationship with them


Consider the problem of finding a minimum cost tour to transport a set of objects between the vertices of a tree by a vehicle that travels along the edges of the tree. The vehicle can carry only one object at a time, and it starts and finishes at the same vertex of the tree. It is shown that if objects can be dropped at intermediate vertices along its route and picked up later, then the problem can be solved in polynomial time. Two efficient algorithms are presented for this problem. The first algorithm runs in $O(k + qn)$ time, where n is the number of vertices in the tree, k is the number of objects to be moved, and $q \leq \min \{ k,n \}$ is the number of nontrivial connected components in a related directed graph. The second algorithm runs in $O(k + n\log n)$ time.


Recently, the problem of development of monotowns is quite acute. The government is developing various programs to support monotowns. The article analyzes the feasibility of creating territories of advanced socio-economic development (TOSER), taking into account the existing special economic zones of industrial production type (SEZ IPT) in terms of tax preferences for residents as measures to support the economy of monotowns. For this purpose, a study of the territorial location of Russian monotowns for 2014-2016 was conducted. and comparative analysis of the TOSER and the SEZ IPT.


Peripheral and tissue-specific alterations in global DNA methylation (5mC) and hydroxymethylation (5hmC) profiles have been charted as biomarkers for disease prediction and as hallmarks of dysregulated localized gene networks. Global and gene-specific epigenetic alterations in the 5mC profiles have shown widespread implications in etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, there has been no study in PCOS that integrates the quantification of 5mC and 5hmC signatures alongside the expression levels of DNA methylating and demethylating enzymes as respective indicators of methylation and demethylation pathways. Having previously shown that the 5mC signatures are not greatly altered in PCOS, we assessed the global 5hmC levels in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and cumulus granulosa cells (CGCs) of 40 controls and 40 women with PCOS. This analysis revealed higher 5hmC levels in CGCs of PCOS women, indicating a more dominant demethylation pathway. Further, we assessed the transcript and protein expression levels of DNA demethylating and methylating enzymes, i.e. ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases (TET1, TET2, TET3) and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B), respectively, in CGCs. The relative transcript and protein expression levels of all three TETs were found to be higher in women with PCOS; and the TET mRNA expression profiles were positively correlated with 5hmC levels in CGCs. Also, all three DNMT genes showed altered transcript expression in PCOS, although only the downregulated DNMT3A transcript was correlated with decreasing 5mC levels. At the protein level, the expression of DNMT1 (maintenance methylation enzyme) was higher, while that of DNMT3A (denovo methylation enzyme) was found to be lower in PCOS compared to controls. Overall, these results indicate that DNA methylation changes in CGCs of PCOS women may arise partly due to intrinsic alterations in the transcriptional regulation of TETs and DNMT3A.


The French ONERA/DDSS and the German DLR Institute of Aeroelasticity have been working together for the WIONA project since April 2000. Since this year, both organizations are working on the succession project WIONA II. The main goal of this project is to study the aeroelastic flutter stability in an extended transsonic speed range. Especially, non-linear transsonic aeroelastic problems due to nacelle oscillations are taken into account. A wing model with an oscillating nacelle has been designed and was tested in wind-tunnel in October 2005 in the DNW-TWG. In order to get an impression of the flutter properties, two modal suryey tests were performed by the DLR Institute of Aeroelasticity in October 2005. The first test was performed in a test hall whereas the second test was performed on the WIONA model installed in the German-Dutch Transsonic Wind Tunnel Gottingen (DNW-TWG).


Using angle-resolved photoemission, we have investigated the development of the electronic structure and the Fermi level pinning in ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{x}\mathrm{As}$ with Mn concentrations in the range 1%\char21{}6%. We find that the Mn-induced changes in the valence-band spectra depend strongly on the Mn concentration, suggesting that the interaction between the Mn ions is more complex than assumed in earlier studies. The relative position of the Fermi level is also found to be concentration dependent. In particular we find that for concentrations around 3.5%\char21{}5% it is located very close to the valence-band maximum, which is in the range where metallic conductivity has been reported in earlier studies. For concentrations outside this range, larger as well as smaller, the Fermi level is found to be pinned at about 0.15 eV higher energy.


study was conducted on 95 lambs, divided into two groups depending on clinical signs, 55 lambs were clinically healthy and 40 lambs had bloody diarrhea and their feces had oocysts of Eimeria species. "Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein" into EDTA tubes for hematological value and plain tubes to separated sera were directly used for chemical investigation during January 2016 until April 2016 both groups aged 1 – 6 month in Najaf province.Results showed that the ranges and means ± SE of blood picture in healthy and infected with coccidia lambs were as follows; packed cell volume (PCV) 33.5 ± 0.47 % and 23.9 ± 0.46 %, hemoglobin (Hb) 10.9 ± 0.17 g/dL and 6.8 ± 0.12 g/dL, red blood cell (RBC) 10.6 ± 0.15 ×10⁶ /μL and 8.8 ± 0.24 ×10⁶ /μL, mean cell volume (MCV) 31.6 ± 0.37 fL and 27.5 ± 0.59 fL, mean cell hemoglobin (MCH) 10.3 ± 0.14 pg and 7.9 ± 0.15 pg, mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) 32.7 ± 0.16 g/dL and 28.8 ± 0.34 g/dL, erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) 9 ± 0.54 mm/24h and 19.1 ± 2.10 mm/24h, white blood cell count (WBC) 9231 ± 379.3 /μL and 13707 ± 562.8 /μL, lymphocytes (L) 55.8 ± 1.27 /μL and 43 ± 1.46 /μL, neutrophils (N) 30.6 ± 0.76 /μL and 40.6 ± 2.25 /μL, monocytes 0.9 ± 0.10 /μL and 2.2 ± 0.30 /μL, eosinophil's 1.9 ± 0.27 /μL and5.2 ± 0.64 /μL, basophils 0.3 ± 0.05 /μL and 0.3 ± 0.07 /μL respectively. Serum analysis in healthy and infected with coccidia lambs were as follows; iron 27.2 ± 0.75 μmol/L and 11.4 ± 0.59 μmol/L, copper 18.4 ± 0.74 μmol/L and 10.3 ± 0.50 μmol/L respectively.There were a significant decrease (P<0.05) in, RBC, Hb, PCV, MCH, MCV, MCHC and lymphocyte. Also, there were a significant increase (P<0.05) in WBC, ESR, neutrophils, eosinophil's and monocyte count was observed in all lamb infected with coccidiosis. On the other hand, there were a significant decrease (P<0.05) in iron and copper in all lamb infected with coccidiosis.


We characterize the statistical relationship between hydraulic fracturing and seismicity in western Canada by using the concept of cellular seismicity. We determine the regionally averaged probability that hydraulic fracture operations will be associated with M ≥ 3 seismicity within a 10 km grid cell. This rate is 0.01 to 0.026 at the 95th percentile confidence limit. Monte Carlo simulations confirm that the observed correlations are extremely unlikely (≪1%) to have been obtained by chance. Proximity to a disposal well and proximity to the Swan Hills Formation, which has been suggested as a proxy for basement controlled faults, appear to increase the likelihood that hydraulic fracturing will trigger seismicity.


Objective To observe the efficacy of metformin hydrochloride tablets combined with Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) on diabetic retinopathy(DR) with Qi-yin deficiency and its safety.Methods A total of 116 DR patients(Qi-yin deficiency by TCM) were randomized into groups control,therapy,58 in each.Based on lipid-lowering,antihypertension treatment,group control were given subcutaneous injection of biosynthetic human insulin,while group therapy given metformin hydrochloride tablets and Tangshiming recipe,orally,14d as a course of treatment,3 courses continuously.Biochemical indices,retinopathy,low vision quality of life score(CLVQOL) and TCM symptom score were observed before and after treatment.Results There was significant difference between 2 groups in total cholesterol,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,high density lipoprotein cholesterol,fasting blood glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin,microalbuminuria,insulin sensitivity index,insulin resistance index,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure after treatment(P0.05),and in incidence of micro-aneurysms,subhyaloid hemorrhage,macular edema,diabetic blindness and visual impairment level(P0.05),and in CLVQOL and TCM symptom score(P0.05).Conclusion Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets combined with TCM Tangshiming recipe is effective in treatment of diabetic retinopathy with Qi-yin deficiency..


In the present paper we will introduce a special numerical range and numerical radius on operator in Hilbert \(C^*\)-modules. This definition will generalize the classical numerical range and numerical radius on operator in Hilbert spaces.


For the past two decades, National Guardsmen – America's citizen-soldiers – have volunteered for missions in developing nations around the world as part of the Guard's State Partnership program. Under the program, various state Guards form partnerships with other nations in order to provide assistance in disaster preparedness, reconstruction and economic development. This assistance comes in many forms, including shared training in search and rescue techniques and joint training in emergency response and in security and anti-terrorism techniques. More recently, these Guard teams have also begun to provide economic development assistance, particularly agricultural development assistance. Five years ago, state National Guards took this partnership concept to Afghanistan and created the Guard Agribusiness Development Teams (ADTs). ADTs are company-sized units of 5570 Guard members who bring to the team both their civilian skills in reconstruction and economics and their military training. This makes it possible for ADTs to engage in economic development work in areas where security risks are too great for staff from nongovernmental aid organizations or for staff from civilian governmental aid organizations. As a result, the ADT is an ideal model for the initial stage of post-conflict/post-disaster reconstruction and economic development in unstable regions. Current Efforts The ADT Project's initial support came from NSC, which made it possible for project researchers to undertake the first stage of research, which involved surveying ADTs to develop a project agenda that most meets their needs. The three-part agenda described above is based on that survey and follow-up discussions with ADT commanders. The current work of the project has involved the collection of data and "lessons learned" from ADTs in their missions. This information guides the research agenda and is being shared among ADTs. Project researchers are also now working to collect information from other economic development research projects that could be useful in providing guidance to ADTs in overcoming some of the challenges they face.


Situation awareness is an emerging concept in ubiquitous environments, particularly the learning ones. Situation-aware systems aim to infer the user's situation from detected context. Given the fact that detected context information pieces are prone to sensors' quality, recent quality-awarecentred researches are basically interested in the evaluationof the quality of context (QoC). However, so far no attentionhas been paid to improve system awareness of the identifiedu-learning situation quality. In this paper, a new proposal for evaluating quality of situation (QoSi) is detailed. The proposition aims to compute QoSi by combining QoC of context elements used to describe the identified situation. QoC are weighted according to the weights attributed to the context elements on which the identified situation depends once all context elements do not have the same importance to describe the inferred situation. Illustrative example is given to show the applicability of the proposed solution in evaluating QoSi of Cooperative Data Collecting u-learning situation and its usage in learning resource recommendation.


The occasional use of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) by rogue states in current conflicts provides a reminder that these hazards are a real threat. Although hazmat suits made of fully impermeable b...


Torrential hemorrhage is rare in tuberculous affection of the bowel. The traditional method of treatment has been immediate surgical intervention aimed at bowel resection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of successful control of such life-threatening hemorrhage by transcatheter embolisation.


Most intriguing about this study are the condensed retrospective analyses it offers of a Francophone denunciatory tradition that confronts, contests, and counters the dehumanizing excesses and legacies of colonial domination. One recalls the famous Discourse on Colonialism and Notebook of a Return to the Native Land where Césaire vehemently shows the dehumanization of French colonialism. In his poetry, Léon Gontran Damas refuses to embody French politics of assimilation. Ken Bugul's text The Abandoned Baobab questions the pitfalls of postcolonialism while Mariama Bâ's So Long a Letter criticizes man's excesses and laments women's systematic participation in polygamy. Tahar ben Jelloun's The Sand Child gives voice to racism and the poor working conditions that Moroccan men endure as guest workers in France. Gérard Etienne's site of opposition is Haiti, the "First Black Republic," where Négritude was first celebrated. Walker's study is a valuable contribution to the field of Francophone literature that clarifies our understanding of the illusions of modernity often discussed in the francophone literary tradition. This fascinating and stimulating book will be profitably read by scholars in the field of francophone studies as well as nonspecialists.


Fluorescence tomography of highly contrasted media requires to built and to take into account a precise description of the attenuation coefficients map. Using this attenuation map provides new opportunities to handle complex acquisition geometries.


The broad research objective of the MIT Coal-Water Fuel combustion studies is to develop guidelines for methods of application in utility and industrial boilers based on detailed experimental information on CWF flame characteristics. The experiments cover flame processes such as ignition, combustion and stability, and NO/sub x/ formation, as well as ash behavior and ash deposition. The Phase III studies were focused on: effects of coal type and particle size. Previous studies have shown that the swelling characteristic, the volatile matter, the ash quality and quantity and the fineness of the size distribution of the coal can sensitively influence CWF combustion. In this task, the progress of combustion was followed by detailed flame mapping produced with high and low volatile, fine and regular grind coals in the CWF. The influence of generic burner parameters, in particular the combination of divergent burner quarl, swirling air flow and atomization of fuel sprays. The determination of minimum stable load and the characterization of the combustor performance at that level of operation. Studying the effect of enriching the combustion air with O/sub 2/ on flame stability and carbon burnout.


The vast majority of oligonucleotide syntheses are carried out on supports to which the first nucleoside has been pre-attached. Following routine cleavage and deprotection, this nucleoside becomes the terminal nucleoside of the target oligonucleotide. For standard DNA and RNA synthesis, this requires an inventory of four deoxynucleoside and four ribonucleoside supports. A universal support (a support without the first nucleoside attached) offers the following advantages:


This paper proposes multi-domain quantization for a partially-parallel QC-LDPC decoder, which allows efficient memory bandwidth utilization. The change of quantization during decoding is dynamic. In addition to this, the proposed decoder targets speedup and energy efficient processing, with negligible error correction capability degradation. From the message storage perspective, it uses 2 quantization modes: a high resolution based q-bit messages, and a low resolution q/2-bit messages. Regarding the lower quantization domain, the variable node units operate on q/2+1 resolution, while check node units process q/2-bit messages. In order to evaluate the efficiency of this approach, we have analyzed the decoding performance for both AWGN and BSC channel models. In addition to this, we have implemented the proposed units and evaluated the overhead with respect to the baseline.


This paper presents a new numerical method to solve the equations of the asymptotic theory of separated flows. A number of measures was taken to ensure fast convergence of the iteration procedure, which is employed to treat the nonlinear terms in the governing equations. Firstly, we selected carefully the set of variables for which the nonlinear finite difference equations were formulated. Secondly, a Newton–Raphson strategy was applied to these equations. Thirdly, the calculations were facilitated by utilizing linear approximation of the boundary-layer equations when calculating the corresponding Jacobi matrix. The performance of the method is illustrated, using as an example, the problem of laminar two-dimensional boundary-layer separation in the flow of an incompressible fluid near a corner point of a rigid body contour. The solution of this problem is non-unique in a certain parameter range where two solution branches are possible.


There is provided a steering mechanism, the continuously variable transmission mechanism with a hydraulic means and the turning means with variable speed transmission with a juxtaposed with a hydraulic stepless transmission shift lever for traveling, with a round shaped steering wheel turning operation by a hydraulic continuously variable transmission, the steering mechanism in a hydraulic continuously variable transmission apparatus constituted, the transition time at low or high speed, the can be performed with the operator's feeling matching the turning operation. That is, the hydraulic continuously variable transmission (25) with a shift lever (68) operated by a round steering wheel made of oil (19) operated by turning hydraulic continuously variable transmission (28) as actuating pressure type continuously variable transmission device, according to the steering wheel (19) to change the rotational operation angle of the left and right speeds than the device. Further, when the shift lever (68) operation angle is not the same, even if the same rotational operation angle of the steering wheel (19), the turning radius is different.


The Kokarit Frog, recently referred to as Hylarana lateralis (Boulenger), is widely distributed throughout Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam), Thailand, Myanmar and southern China. The position of this species in ranid systematics remains unclear; accordingly to the latest revision by Oliver et al. (2015), it was formally withdrawn from the genus Hylarana, but not assigned to any other hylaranine genus and currently is referred to as "Hylarana" lateralis (Frost 2019).


Academics teaching programming are faced with the challenge of teaching dynamic concepts using static media. Despite multiple tools developed in the past to support learning of programming concepts, access to these tools is very limited and many educators have to create their own support materials and tools which is often time-consuming, complex and expensive. In this paper we share our experience of producing simple animations using widely and/or freely available software packages to develop small building blocks that are customizable and reusable and can be mixed and matched to meet the learning requirements of individual students. Positive student feedback from using these tools has encouraged the continued exploration of options for developing animations illustrating programming concepts.


Small momenta limit of the lattice color dielectric model in the SU(3)_c case is considered. We show that in that limit the model involves a coarse-grained gluon field, a color singlet "bleached gluon" field, and both color singlet and octet rank two symmetric tensor fields constructed from the first order derivatives of a vector field. In contradistinction from other approaches we do not obtain scalar color dielectric fields directly, but they can be introduced as traces of the tensor fields.


A pinion-type shaper cutter is considered as the generating tool for the generation of the gear, and a mathematical model of spur gears with asymmetric involute teeth is given according to the gearing theory. The equations of the profile of the cutter, the principle of coordinate transformation, the theory of differential geometry, and the theory of gearing are applied for describing generating and generated surfaces. Trochoidal envelope traced by cutter during the generating process is also investigated. Trochoidal curves of the cutter depends on the type of tip rounding. Computer graphs of involute spur gears are presented based on the given model. In addition, generation simulation is illustrated. The simulated motion path of the cutter can be used to determine chip geometry for further analysis. The results of this research should be helpful in the design and manufacture of spur gears.


The crucial changes have taken place in the role of pharmacy profession in the past decade. All these changes have been systematically evolved and adopted to support professional quality improvement aspect. In general, the worldwide professional and national authorities have been committed to develop the professional competencies, credentialing and continuing professional development; to emphasis the maintenance of high standards of professional development and in response to changes which occurred to pharmacy education and national health regulation policy. The constantly evolving health regulatory environment in each country will shape the progress of this process in the future. This article provides a review of existing concepts for professional competences, credentialing and continuing professional development in pharmacy profession in an attempt to understand and clarify the complexity encountered in this comprehensive domain. It can also serve as a platform for the local interaction of a broad range of authorities in the health field.


A companion library subject guide to the "World War I's Long Shadow" exhibit, featured at HCC's Hays-Heighe House, Thursday, August 23, 2018 through Friday, December 21, 2018


The main problem when designing a bandpass filter for microwave and millimeter-wave are the compact size, low insertion loss, high return loss and the sharpness of selectivity. Substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with defected ground structure (DGS) offer the realization of bandpass filter has low insertion loss, compact size, high return loss, easy to fabricate and more effective cost than using waveguide filter. This research proposed SIW and DGS. DGS is not etched on ground plane, but it is etched in the top layer with the purpose of not disrupting the current flow on the ground. The DGS design is a square open-loop with a slot in middle section to meet low insertion loss, compact size and high return loss. The simulation results give the good performance at range 7. 61–9.88 GHz with the insertion loss values less than 0.6 dB and the return loss values higher than 14 dB while the measurement give the insertion loss values around 3 dB and the return loss values higher than 8 dB. The SIW with three cascaded cells of a square open-loop with a slot in the middle section DGS give the realization bandpass filter more compact and better performance than one cell of DGS.


The (cid:12) -NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) and (cid:12) -NQR (nuclear quadrupole resonance) technique and its experimental set-up have been developed for the (cid:12)rst time in China. The lifetime, magnetic moment and spin polarization of 12 B were determined. The experimental results show the reliability of this newly developed (cid:12) -NMR and (cid:12) -NQR set-up.


This paper presents a reinforcement learning approach to automated GUI testing of Android apps. We use a test generation algorithm based on Q-learning to systematically select events and explore the GUI of an application under test without requiring a preexisting abstract model. We empirically evaluate the algorithm on eight Android applications and find that the proposed approach generates test suites that achieve between 3.31% to 18.83% better block-level code coverage than random test generation.


Voltage-gated sodium channels are responsible for the rising phase of action potentials. They play an important rôle in the initiation and propagation of action potential in excitable cells. Sodium channels consist of a pore-forming a subunit, associated with auxiliary p subunit. One a subunit consists of four homologous domains (I-IV), each composed of six hydrophobic segments (S1-S6). Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons express a combination of rapidly gating TTX-sensitive and slowly gating TTX-resistant Na current. Two distinct Na channels hâve been cloned from the DRG that appear to account for the majority of this Na current. The Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 channels encode for rapidly inactivating TTX-sensitive and slowly inactivating TTX-resistant Na currents respectively. Thèse two channels contribute signifïcantly in pain pathways. Nav1.7 has a highly signifïcant rôle in determining inflammatory pain thresholds, and Nav1.8 is the décisive rôle in maintaining the hypersensitivity of primary afférent neurons following nerve injuries. Although the cloned Nav1.8 expresses well in Xenopus oocytes, attempts the express the Nav1.8 channel in mammalian expression Systems hâve been met with limited success even in the présence of known sodium channel accessory p subunits. Methods: In this study we investigated the important déterminants of Nav1.8 expression in mammalian cells using a combination of immunochemistry and patch-clamp technique. Results: Our study revealed that the low expression of Nav1.8 in mammalian cells is related to a trafficking defect that traps the channel protein in the endoplasmic reticulum. Incubating the tsA201 cells with the local anesthetic lidocaine dramatically enhances Nav1.8 expression. The biophysical properties of the heterologously expressed Nav1.8 current accurately reproduce those of the TTX-resistant component of Na current recorded from native DRG neurons. Conclusion: Our data indicates that lidocaine, a sodium channel blocker, can act as a chemical chaperone that stabilizes Nav1.8 channels in its native conformation therefore increases the expression of Nav1.8.


A limitation is established to the equivalence of solutions to problems of sequencing a finite number of jobs, and assigning priorities in a queue. It is shown that for exponential delay costs, the optimal priority assignment in a nonpreemptive multiclass queue is not described by an index rule that is independent of the arrival rates.


Switching operation associated with PWM control introduces nonlinearity in a DC electric drive. That leads to different nonlinear phenomena in the system, including multi-stability, i.e. the coexistence of multiple stable regimes for the same set of parameters and inputs. In terms of the theory of dynamical systems, the trajectory is attracted to one of the asymptotic sets (attractors) representing one of the stable modes. In the current study, we discuss several possible scenarios of the system's behavior related to the unpredictable nature of tipping from one attractor into the other due to noise and disturbances.


The increase of global water demand has stimulated the application of water charging to seek its rational use. However, the establishment of the water tariff for a certain use is not an easy task, given that this tariff must have an elevated value, sufficient to encourage the rational use, but not so elevated, in a manner that compromises or prevents the development of production activities. The present study aimed to evaluate different water tariff values proposed and applied to the shrimp farming industry in Ceara, from 2003 to 2016, and analyze the sensitivity of the industry to these values. The analyses considered the productive performance of the shrimp farming observed by the producers, production costs for the activity, and incomes earned by the producers in 2008. The present study demonstrated that the only tariff value that makes the sector financially attractive is R$1.00/1,000m3, a lower value than the one previously proposed by the state of Ceara (R$ 31.20/1,000m3), which was reduced in the following years. In this context, a model was developed to fix tariffs for shrimp farming, which considers the payment capacity of the entrepreneur and the production costs to cultivate shrimp.


Measurements of the acoustic nonlinearity parameter β are frequently made for early detection of damage in various materials. The practical implementation of the measurement technique has been limited to the through-transmission setup for determining the nonlinearity parameter of the second harmonic wave. In this work, a feasibility study is performed to assess the possibility of using pulse-echo methods in determining the nonlinearity parameter β of solids with a stress-free boundary. The multi-Gaussian beam model is developed based on the quasilinear theory of the KZK equation. Simulation results and discussion are presented for the reflected beam fields of the fundamental and second harmonic waves, the uncorrected β behavior and the properties of total correction that incorporate reflection, attenuation and diffraction effects.


Aliphatic dihydroxy compound and a primary esterification of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, the method comprising carrying out at 185 ° C. or less, comprising the steps of: continuously carried secondary esterification of the resulting reaction product from the stage, from the stage the resulting performed continuously primary polycondensation reaction of the reaction product, and obtaining a prepolymer weight average molecular weight of 6,900~14,000, secondary polycondensation reaction of the prepolymer continuously performed, implementation and obtaining a secondary polycondensation reaction product, comprises the steps of continuously carried tertiary polycondensation reaction of the reaction product obtained from the stage, the primary esterification the step of, or in the step of continuously carried out the secondary esterification, and adding an aromatic dicarboxylic acid, biodegradable aliphatic - biodegradable aliphatic producing an aromatic polyester copolymer - aromatic polyester Both It is a continuous process of merging. Biodegradable aliphatic - According to the continuous process for producing an aromatic polyester copolymer, processability, film forming ability, tensile / tear strength, and biodegradability fat excellent blending performance with other polymeric resins group - not only can obtain an aromatic polyester copolymer, the amount of the aliphatic dihydroxy compound as a starting material is reduced, manufacturing cost can be reduced. .BACKGROUND


AbstractFocusing on Kenyan freedom fighter Wambui Otieno's narrative Mau Mau's Daughter 1998), this article discusses the interplay between incarceration and the female condition. It bears clarifying that Otieno's narrative of confinement was written and published forty years after the fact of her detention. The time of its writing may be relatively recent, the events it evokes are not. The prison life narrative offers useful insights into the treatment of the figurative and literal incarceration in contemporary African literature by and about women, particularly with regard to life writing genres. Given the passage of time between the narration and the occurrence of the narrated events, there are several possibilities to be deduced here: (1) She could have been too far removed from the actual events to render an accurate account of what really transpired; (2) or the passage of time would have enabled her to see things more lucidly; (3) and more importantly, her perceptions could have been tremendously in...


This essay analyzes Dr. William E. Nelson, Jr's contributions to the study of race and politics. His scholarship probed the following question: What difference has the election of this candidate or the adoption of this policy made for the Black community? Nelson emphasized the importance of political context for countering pluralist claims that fail to account for both the mobilization of bias and non-decision-making within democratic systems. In conceptualizing Black Politics, Nelson contends that the passage of policies such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were insufficient for achieving full political incorporation. Rather, any meaningful strategy for incorporation must rest on a dual commitment to electoral participation and group empowerment. Though Nelson's early work focused on the election of Black mayors, his intellectual trajectory provides a useful framework for understanding current critiques of elected officials like Barack Obama, while also outlining a path for future research on race in the USA and beyond.


Military courts in ancient Rome belonged to the so-called inconstant coercions (coercitio), they were respectively treated as "special circumstances courts" excluded from the regular Roman judicial system and performed criminal justice implementation, strictly in conditions of war. To repress the war torts, as well as to overcome the soldiers' resistance, which at moments was violent, the king (rex) himself at first and the highest new established magistrates i.e. consuls (consules) afterwards, have been using various constrained acts. The authority of such enforcement against Roman soldiers sprang from their "military imperium" (imperium militiae). As most important criminal and judicial organs in conditions of war, responsible for maintenance of the military courtesy, were introduced the military commander (dux) and the array and their subsidiary organs were the cavalry commander, military legates, military tribunals, centurions and regents. In this paper, due to limited available space, we will only stick to the main military courts in ancient Rome.


We are developing a 3D positioning positron emission tomography (PET) detector module made up of dense stacks of 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm × 1.0 mm LYSO scintillation crystal elements coupled to position sensitive solid state photomultipliers (PS-SSPMs.) In this work, crystal arrays with four different types of outer face reflectors were tested to investigate the effect of outer reflectors on crystal identification near the edges of PS-SSPMs. To quantify the quality of the flood maps, the minimum (QI1) and the average (QI2) of the distances between adjacent crystals divided by the standard deviation of each peak near edges in the flood histograms were calculated. We found that crystal arrays with both specular reflectors and diffuse reflectors attached to the edges and the top-face of crystal array showed the best crystal separation (QI1 = 3.0601, QI2 = 4.5238), and crystal arrays with only diffuse reflectors attached to the edges and the top-face of crystal array also showed comparable results (QIi = 2.6897, QI2 = 4.4549.) The quality of flood maps was poor when only specular reflectors were attached to the top face of the crystal arrays and diffuse reflectors or diffuse reflectors and specular reflectors on the edges (QI1 = 1.6706, QI2 = 3.7501 and QI1 = 1.7945, QI2 = 4.1964, respectively.) This work significantly improved identification of 0.5 mm crystals close to the edges of PS-SSPMs.


In this paper, we characterize those holomorphic symbols u on the unit ball B and holomorphic self-mappings φ of B for which the weighted composition operator uCφ is bounded or compact from Bloch-type space to H∞ space. Mathematics subject classification (2010): Primary 47B33; Secondary 47B38.


This paper introduces several new techniques to optimize the use of page mode and prefetching to improve the performance of a memory system. We start by improving the basic bank indexing scheme, allowing higher hit rates to be attained with a smaller number of banks. Next, we introduce the idea of keeping only a subset of the possible banks open. When this is done, only a small fraction of page-mode misses are to open banks, while the banks that are open capture the great majority of the possible page-mode and sequential prefetching hits. This both improves the performance of workloads with a high hit rate and signi cantly decreases the risk of page misses under di cult or random workloads. This idea might also simplify the memory controller. In our workloads, using only eight bank controllers on a memory system supporting only 32 banks, 55% of the all read references were satis ed by data already in the bus drivers, requiring no DRAM latency at all. We compare di erent techniques for mapping a smaller number of bank controllers onto a larger number of memory banks, and show that using a fully-associative mapping works best. The report nishes with a number of auxilliary investigations. We show that there is a slight advantage to not associating the prefetch bu ers with the bank controllers, but rather using a separate LRU prefetch cache. We show that DRAM refresh has a small impact on the results, while the cache line size has a large impact.


A novel planar circular Apollonian fractal shaped UWB monopole antenna with band rejection capability is presented in this paper. The antenna performs satisfactorily in the frequency range 1.8{10.6GHz which gives a wide impedance bandwidth of 142% for VSWR within 2. The proposed antenna has the capability to reject the frequency band 5.125{5.825GHz assigned for IEEE802.11a and HIPERLAN/2. This is achieved by a pair of narrow band resonant L-shaped slots in the CPW ground plane. The antenna exhibits satisfactory omnidirectional radiation characteristics throughout its operating band. The measured peak gain varies from 2dBi to 6dBi in the entire UWB band except the notch band. The performances of time domain characteristic is satisfactory with a group delay variation of 1ns that shows the antenna is non dispersive. To ensure the usefulness of the proposed antenna in pulse communications systems, the correlation between the time-domain transmitting antenna input signal and the receiving antenna output signal is calculated. This antenna can be efiectively used for medical imaging and military radar system along with other common UWB applications.


The way payments system in India has undergone several changes over the past thirty five years and has been continuously evolving, it seems a silent revolution has been sweeping the country as this process has been hardly noticed by the spectators. The barter system of exchange was prevalent as a means of settlement of economic transactions before the advent of money. But when the concept of money evolved, the payments system changed and all the economic transactions were settled through money. The paper money, i.e. currency notes issued by the RBI, that is now used for settlement of payments, has in itself gone through various changes, as earlier precious metals like gold and silver were used as a medium of payments which got replaced by coins made of these metals and issued by the Government. This is how the current mode of payments system has evolved. The evolution of the banking system has further contributed to the changes that have taken place in the mechanism of settlement of payments in the country. It has now become much easier for the people to open bank accounts and keep their hard earned money under safe custody and that too at a low remuneration. Not only this, the account holders can even opt for making payments of an economic transaction by transferring money from their accounts to other account holders in their banks and account holders of other banks as well. A cheque was the financial instrument through which these transfers would take place. Setting up of cheque clearing houses was among the other measures undertaken to improve the infrastructure and build an environment for the convenient operation of this payments system. Earlier the electronic mode of payment was restricted to making huge and lump sum payments for large value transactions, but with the passage of time, this mode is now-a-days used for making petty payments for small value transactions as well as it is more convenient to do so. The paper is divided into 9 sections. Section 1 includes the introduction to e-payments in India followed by review of earlier studies in Section 2. Section 3 and Section 4 deal with the objectives of the study and database and research methodology, respectively. The evolution of payments system in India is discussed in Section 5 whereas, Section 6 deals with the steps undertaken to promote e-banking in India. Further Section 7 explains the status of e-payments during the post demonetisation period. In Section 8 the opportunities and Abstract: The banking sector around the globe is experiencing an IT revolution and the Indian banking sector is no exception to it. In order to maintain their survival in the liberalised, privatised and globalised market environment and to meet the demands of tech-savvy customers, Indian banks have adopted the usage of IT in their operations. As a consequence of the sweeping changes and developments taking place in the information technology, E-banking has emerged from such an innovative development. In its Vision Statement, the RBI has set the objective to promote electronic payments in order to move towards a cashless society. Further the formation of National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) in 2009 as an umbrella organisation for all the retail payments in India set a stage for development of retail electronic payments by providing enough opportunities to move towards a cashless society. As a result, the retail electronic payment system in India has progressed in recent years. The present study endeavours to analyse the progress and challenges of e-banking in India from 2011 to 2016. Further the study also attempts to throw some light on the status of retail electronic payments in post demonetisation period.


The invention belongs to the field of chemical engineering and provides a slurry bed reactor for producing ethylene by using acetylene selective hydrogenation. A gas distributor is arranged below the slurry bed reactor and is connected with a gas inlet; multiple groups of finger tubes are arranged above the gas distributor and are perpendicular to the horizontal surface; each group of finger tubes comprises multiple heat exchange tubes of which the tops are connected with one another, and the spacing between every two heat exchange tubes is equal; a gas-liquid separator is arranged below the gas outlet of the slurry bed reactor; and a condenser is arranged below the gas-liquid separator. The invention also provides a system by applying the slurry bed reactor. According to the equipment provided by the invention, the problems that the production amount of green oil is large, the cycle period of catalysts is short and temperature runaway of the reactor is easily caused in the fixed bed reactor in the ethylene production reaction based on acetylene selective hydrogenation are well solved, and the problems that loss of catalysts and difficulty in dust removal are caused due to violent collisions among the catalyst particles and that the heat exchange mechanism and the reactor are severely worn due to abrasive actions of solid particles are also solved.


In the Nov/Dec, 2003 issue of JAMIA , Hoch et al1 have reported the effectiveness of computer alerts to improve potassium testing in patients receiving diuretics. The underlying hypothesis of the study was that diuretics can cause hypokalemia, which can lead to adverse drug events (ADEs) including atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. The authors suggest that computer alerts to physicians would increase the rate of annual potassium testing for patients on diuretics, which would, in turn, prevent such ADEs. However, we wish to draw readers' attention to the following details.

First, it is conceivable that physicians deliberately decided not to test their patients annually based on their clinical judgment. The patients might have had stable serum potassium levels for many years or may have been asked to follow a high-potassium diet. Hence, the physicians may have changed behavior to avoid repeat alerts and not solely on …


Information security for low-resource devices has received a fair amount of attention in recent years. These devices have physical constraint in terms of area, power, and memory. Therefore, lightweight cryptographic algorithms are providing sufficient security to such devices. In this paper, many lightweight block ciphers have been comprehensively discussed with their characteristics. These ciphers are broadly categorised based on structural design of round function. In addition, the analysis indicates that few lightweight ciphers are well-suited for hardware implementation. Few are healthy compatible with software implementation. However, some of the block ciphers are designed well for both hardware and software implementations. Moreover, there are various performance metrics used for comparison in resource constrained environments (RCEs). More specifically, the objective of this survey is to compare various modern symmetric cryptographic solutions employed to secure small-scale communication devices.


The aim of this paper is to determine the heat of combustion of plastic wastes resulted from municipal solid waste, automotive shredder facility waste and building and construction waste. The plastic wastes have been separated by flotation technique using as flotation media: water, ethanol, their mixtures and magnetic fluid. Resulted fractions have been analyzed aiming to determine the most effective fraction from the heat of combustion point of view. The obtained results have been compared to those reported in the literature, with those calculated by oxygen consumption method and those proposed in this paper and calculated by weighted sum of combustion heat of components, aiming to allow its approximation for different fractions of polymeric wastes with known composition, avoiding the experimental measurements. Deviations of measured values of the heat of combustion from those obtained by theoretical calculation have been explained by the polymer degradation during their life cycle. The most effective fraction from calorific point of view is that containing polyolefins, but this fraction could be mechanically recycled. The present study evidenced that the heat of combustion of the plastic waste decreases after polyolefin extraction and the remaining density fractions can be effectively used for energy recovery of the plastic waste by incineration.


It is a Marxist inherent view to grow with each passing hour,that really contains the features of practice, revolution,opening and innovation.The basic reason that Marxism is prosperous forever just lies in its theory of growing with each passing hour,which becomes inevitable for its development and etemal proposition.The important thought of Three Represents' is the newest achievement of the theory.


The Peruvian coast is one of the driest in the world, but it is continuously affected by extraordinary rains associated with El Niño and/or La Niña phenomenon. During these periods of intense rainfall, high flow rates are registered and gravitational processes are reported along the valleys, such as: landslides, debris flow, rock falls, avalanches, among others.

This work presents the first estimation of the Stream Power, relationship between the energy, the flow, the slope of the channel and the density of the flow of the Chancay - Lambayeque basin, with the objective of determining the energy of the main rivers in the basin and relating with gravitational processes and damage to infrastructures.

We use two softwares: LSDTopoTools and ArcSWAT (version for ArcGIS 10.6). Using high resolution Digital Elevation Models (Alos Palsar, 12.5 m) we delimit the basin, its drainage area, water network and slope using LSDTopoTools. Subsequently, we use the SWAT program.

First, the sub-basins were delimited. Second, the Hydrological Response Units (HRU) were obtained, applying the Land Use data and the FAO base guide on soil types updated by the Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation of Peru (MINAGRI). Third, we process data on temperature, wind speed, humidity, solar radiation and rainfall from 1970 - 2018 from five meteorological stations distributed in the study basin, whose data were provided by the National Meteorology and Hydrology Service of Peru (SENAMHI). Next, we include in the analyzes the flow data from the Tinajones reservoir (6° 38´S, 79° 29´W). Finally, the annual flow rates (Hm3/s) were simulated and adjusted using SWATCup.

The results show an average flow for the year 2018 that varies from 13 Hm3/s - 49 Hm3/s. This means that the Stream Power varies from 1.3x1012Kw-4.8x1012Kw, the maximum power coinciding with the location of the Tinajones reservoir in the middle basin.

These results have allowed us to identify that 73% of the critical zones (zones with presence of gravitational processes) are in the sections where the rivers register high Stream Power; and in the same way in these sections geological dangers predominate such as flows and rock falls. In addition, infrastructures were located that may be susceptible to being damaged (e.g. three bridges, where flows range between ~22-35 Hm3/s) and/or may compromise the health of the inhabitants (e.g. five mining deposits located along the basin, considered high risk).

And to conclude, because the Tinajones reservoir is reaching its maximum capacity, a possible area was identified where a new reservoir can be housed (complying with all technical conditions), whose location would be 20 km to the east, in the province of Chumbil Alto (Cajamarca - Peru).


Heat adjustment of garment is one of the most important contents of comfortable clothing. The paper has mainly introduced clothing heat adjusting function, the series of conducting models, the designing of warm virtual person model, the computing of heat efficiency. And it has also analyzed useful conditions and limitation of this model.


The purpose of this work is to analyze the cultural and educational, educational activities of the madrasa and the work of teachers of the religious school of the village Sterlibashevo. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the charitable, pedagogical heritage of the Tukayev dynasty (Nigmatullin) and the recognition of the historical role of the madrasa in the social and spiritual development of the Tatar, Bashkir, Kyrgyz and Kazakh societies.


The new Capital Accord of June 2004 (Basel II) opens the way for and encourages credit entities to implement
their own models for measuring financial risks. In the paper presented, we focus on the use of internal rating
based (IRB) models for the assessment of credit risk and specifically on the approach to one of their
components: probability of default (PD).
In our study we apply the rough sets methodology to a database composed of 106 companies, applicants for
credit, with the object of obtaining those ratios that discriminate best between healthy and bankrupt companies,
together with a series of decision rules that will help to detect the operations potentially in default, as a first step
in modelling the probability of default. Lastly, we compare the results obtained against those obtained using
classic discriminant analisis. We conclude that the rough sets methodology presents better risk classification
results.


Changes in epilepsy care during the COVID‐19 pandemic required to reassess the patient‐specialist interaction in the context of telehealth and future vaccination campaigns.


The frequency conversion is one function of utmost importance in radio over fiber technologies. In this letter, we propose an optical implementation of a radio frequency down conversion based on a bandpass sampling technique realized by a semiconductor optical amplifier Mach-Zehnder interferometer used as an optical signal sampler. An optical pulse source generating 23-ps width pulses at a repetition rate of 7.8 GHz is employed to sample an intensity-modulated optical carrier carrying the signal to be frequency down converted. The frequency down conversion from a radio frequency signal at 37 GHz to an intermediate frequency at 2 GHz shows a positive conversion gain of 4 dB.


Brief of Amici Curiae American Civic Liberties Union, American Library Association, Association for Research Libraries, Music Library Association, National Association of Independent Schools, Electronic Privacy Information Center, and Computer and Communications Industry Association in support of appellants and reversal of the judgement below


Abstract Campanula davisii is an species endemic with a narrow distribution to Turkey and east mediterranean phytogeographic region. The morphological and anatomical properties of this species were investigated. When morphological measurements of investigated species are compared with Flora of Turkey, the some differences have determined. Eventually, full description and illustration of these species was given. The anatomical studies on cross-sections of the root, stem, leaves and surface sections of leaves were presented. Cambium located under phloem was 2-3 layered and uncontinuous in root. Underneath the cortex parenchyma is endodermis, which consists of 1 layer and distinguishably in stem. Leaves is bifacial. Stomata are located both on the surface. Keywords: Anatomy, Campanula davisii, Endemic, Morphology.


The Security Council is empowered under Article 41 of the UN Charter to ensure international peace and security by imposing non‐military measures, including comprehensive economic sanctions. As UN sanctions have been shown to cause massive harm to civilian populations, the question has arisen whether the Security council is bound by any legal norms in designing and imposing economic coercion on populations and if so, what these norms are. The article's conclusion is that when imposing measures under Article 41, the Security Council is bound by the UN Charter, by general principles of international law and by human rights norms. Consequently it appears that in order to be effective, economic sanctions would have to be unlawful.


: This paper examines the relationship between firm-, country-, and international-level factors and small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) financing of 2,799 firms from Central and Eastern Europe between 2012 and 2014. By incorporating these levels of analysis, an extensive overview is proposed. It is argued that SMEs report more finance obstacles compared to their larger counterpart. Furthermore, country characteristics should impact a firm's leverage. However, many of the firm and country characteristics are found to be insignificant. As for the international aspect of financial integration, this paper finds a significant impact of both price- and quantity-based measures. The benefits of financial integration are especially present for high-growth firms. By reviewing the position of Central and Eastern European countries within the European Union, economic policy makers should take the results from the financial market integration into account.


The time synchronization principle of IEEE1588 for the secondary equipment of intelligent substation is studied,the difference among existing main time reference systems is analyzed,and the application principle of time reference system is proposed based on engineering practices for the monitoring system of intelligent substation.As the binary signal acquisition module of the measuring and control system has been moved down to the intelligent terminal,a way to test the SOE time accuracy of intelligent substation is put forward.The results of IEEE1588 time synchronization test verifies that the SOE time accuracy is guaranteed only when the time tag is stamped at the intelligent terminal.


The purpose of this study was to describe the trend and development of research about the mathematics concept in elementary schools in Indonesia. This study was a literature review research using bibliometric analysis. The exploration process of the articles' published results was taken through an open-access website such as google scholar database for the last ten years. The exploration of articles published results used Harzing's Publish or Perish software with the keywords "Konsep Dasar Matematika Sekolah Dasar" and "Mathematics Concept in Elementary School". The results of the exploration process were analyzed by using VOSviewer software for visualization and relationship for all of the research results. This study's results showed there were 1185 articles had been published based on articles exploration criteria. After reducing the data, there were 37 articles with the relevant criteria. The bibliometric analysis results of the relevant articles were the understanding of student mathematics concepts in elementary school, the pre-service students and teacher knowledge about the mathematics concept in elementary school, and the solution for improving students' understanding of mathematics concepts in elementary school


In this study, effects of air flow rate and spraying directions on distribution uniformity, recover rate, amount of deposition and the number of droplets were examined at three different flow rates (24830, 30473, 36117 m 3 /h) and three pressures (6, 12 and 18 bar). Artificial vineyard plants established in the laboratory were used for the study. In order to find out the best spraying position, the machine was run at different setting positions and the best one was determined to be the position of 30/60. The best distribution uniformity considering the amount of deposition and recover rate was obtained at the above mentioned setting and 6 bar pressure and a air flow rate of 30473 m 3 /h.


The anaphors and ellipses resolution is a challenging task for most of NLP applications. However, few works have addressed this problem in Arabic. In fact the richness of the Arabic language and the scarcity of labeled data make the task more difficult. This paper offers a generic approach that deals with the identification and the resolution of both pronominal anaphors and ellipses in Arabic texts. To identify referential anaphors and ellipses positions, we propose a self-training SVM method based on a set of pattern-based and linguistic-based criteria. For the resolution step, we propose a novel hybrid method combining a reinforcement learning method with Word Embedding models. The reinforcement learning method uses an adapted version of Q-learning algorithm to finds the optimal combination of features. It exploits a set of morphological and syntactical features. The Word Embedding based method uses word representation models to check the semantic validity of the candidates. The evaluation of the identification approach gives a precision of 99.23% for pronominal anaphors and 94.33% for ellipses. The resolution approach reaches a precision of 80% for pronominal anaphors and 97.5% for ellipses. Our proposed approaches can be easily adapted to English and French to provide multilingual approaches.


Boarding Bridge (Garbarata) is a tool in the form of a passageway connecting door of the aircraft with the airport terminal, so the Boarding Bridge (Garbarata) functions as a place to walk to the airplane passangers from the airport terminal to airplane and vice versa. The advantage that gained is to protect passengers from air pollution generated in the vicinity of the aircraft and weather as well as to facilitate the security settings of the passengers. The electrical system in garbarata consists of some electronic equipments such as programmable logic control (PLC), limit switches, infrared sensors, etc. All equipments are regulated by a device called PLC (programmable Logic Control). The function of PLC in garbarata is vital because all move- ments, functions of all other equipment is set by the PLC, in other words garbarata functions are very dependent of a program that is given to the PLC.


The European Federation of Journalists (EFJ) condemns the conviction of Ukrainian journalist Mykola Semena by a Crimean court today. The court found him ...


With the deepening of teaching reform in colleges and universities all change urgently require laboratories to change the function and the management mode,especially to improve the literacy of laboratory technicians.In view of the present construction situation,the operating mode and problems in the experimentation center for electronics and information education in East China University of Science and Technology,some reflection on the construction of laboratory technician were proposed.


Semiconductor based light generation is of enormous contemporary interest, given that a large fraction of global energy is used for lighting. White-light semiconductor colloidal quantum dots may find application in future solid state lighting technologies. These dots possess two inherent emission bands, a narrow emissive band attributed to a quantum confined exciton, and a broad emission associated with surface trapping. White light CdSe colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals passivated with phosphonic acids were synthesized by a hot-injection method. Aliquots of this sample are then ligand exchanged with amine and thiol ligands. These samples are embedded in polystyrene films, and a series of temperature dependent photoluminescence measurements are performed. The spectral width as a function of temperature is plotted for all samples. These data are then analyzed in terms of three models. The results suggest that surface line shape broadness may be tied to strong electron-phonon coupling and is largely ligand dependent. The amine and phosphonic acid passivated samples showed large temperature dependence over the range studied, whereas the thiol passivated sample had a lower dependence. This is tentatively explained in terms of hole delocalization in the case of thiol passivation.


The aim of present work is to study the potential of activated sludge sampled from the wastewater treatment plant of Iasi city, Romania, for phenol biodegradation from aqueous solutions under aerobic conditions in a batch reactor. The effects of various factors involved in phenol biodegradation by activated sludge were investigated. The experimental results revealed that the biodegradation of activated sludge is highly affected by the factors mentioned above. Thus, the removal of phenol increases with increasing the pH of solution, reaching a maximum of 99 % at pH 7, for 100 mg/L initial phenol concentration and 25 C. The ability of activated sludge to degrade phenol is optimized at 30 C where the biodegradation reaches 100%. The exposure to low temperatures (10 C) diminishes the activity of microbial community from the activated sludge. Although phenol concentrations up to 100 mg/L are significantly reduced, higher phenol concentrations (up 400 mg/L) are inhibitory for growth, thus reducing the removal efficiency. Functional groups present on the cell surface of activated sludge and involved in the biodegradation of phenol were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.


Sea ice cover controls the atmosphere-ocean heat exchange in the polar regions and hence plays very important role in the Earth's climate system. However, the mechanism of new ice formation is not yet sufficiently understood. In the case of a calm ocean surface, cooling by cold air leads to formation of a solid ice cover. By contrast, if the ocean surface is under turbulent conditions due to strong wind forcing, a large number of fine crystals called frazil are formed in supercooled seawater at first, then they gradually concentrate near the surface and constitute grease ice, a mixture of solid ice crystals and seawater. Such difference of the state of newly formed sea ice has a great impact on the heat budget between the atmosphere and the ocean, since a solid ice cover effectively insulates the atmosphere-ocean heat exchange due to its low thermal conductivity but grease ice keeps relatively greater surface heat loss.


Abstract In the job markets of the 1990s a degree offers no guarantee of employment. The world of commerce requires graduates able to demonstrate a range of practical skills, as well as the knowledge and understanding which underpins effective performance. One significant intention of the work placement year is to offer this developmental opportunity. A group of students piloted a scheme which was designed to identify how far the NVQ model could be integrated into the work placement year of the Business Studies degree. The intention was to use the level 4 Management Standards as a framework for this period of work placement. The objectives were to test the practical aspects and identify problems for future implementation thus enabling NVQs to play more of a role in student development. This paper considers that higher level NVQs offer a unique opportunity for students to put into practice academic knowledge and understanding in a vocational setting within the context of a separate national award.


A novel approach to turbulence model development is applied to formulate a Hybrid RANS/LES methodology suitable on coarse meshes. The Reynolds-stress damping function in the Flow Simulation Methodology (FSM) framework is di cult to formulate rigorously from first principles, however it is critical to the success of the model. The damping function dictates locally and instantaneously the contribution level of a RANS model required to supplement structures resolved by the grid. The current formulation is a damping of the turbulent length scale in a nonlinear explicit algebraic stress RANS closure. This turns the eddy viscosity into a sub-grid scale model. In this proposal Symbolic Regression, an evolutionary process according to survival of the fittest, is used to build a new damping function. A population of randomly generated damping functions is evolved by measuring how closely they represent an idealized form. This ideal dataset is generated by filtering DNS to represent a pseudo FSM flow field. In the present study DNS of a turbulent pipe flow is used. Hybrid RANS/LES using the new damping function is performed on two di↵erent test cases. Results are presented on coarse meshes for two dimensional periodic hills and inline tandem cylinders, for which the modified FSM performs very well.


This paper examines the potential of an optical flow video-based technique to estimate wave-filtered surface currents in the nearshore where wave-breaking induced foam is present. This approach uses the drifting foam, left after the passage of breaking waves, as a quasi-passive tracer and tracks it to estimate the surface water flow. The optical signature associated with sea-swell waves is first removed from the image sequence to avoid capturing propagating waves instead of the desired foam motion. Waves are removed by applying a temporal Fourier low-pass filter to each pixel of the image. The low-pass filtered images are then fed into an optical flow algorithm to estimate the foam displacement and to produce mean velocity fields (i.e., wave-filtered surface currents). We use one week of consecutive 1-Hz sampled frames collected during daylight hours from a single fixed camera located at La Petite Chambre d'Amour beach (Anglet, SW France) under high-energy conditions with significant wave height ranging from 0.8 to 3.3 m. Optical flow-computed velocities are compared against time-averaged in situ measurements retrieved from one current profiler installed on a submerged reef. The computed circulation patterns are also compared against surf-zone drifter trajectories under different field conditions. Optical flow time-averaged velocities show a good agreement with current profiler measurements: coefficient of determination (r2)= 0.5–0.8; root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.12–0.24 m/s; mean error (bias) =−0.09 to −0.17 m/s; regression slope =1±0.15; coherence2 = 0.4–0.6. Despite an underestimation of offshore-directed velocities under persistent wave breaking across the reef, the optical flow was able to correctly reproduce the mean flow patterns depicted by drifter trajectories. Such patterns include rip-cell circulation, dominant onshore-directed surface flow and energetic longshore current. Our study suggests that open-source optical flow algorithms are a promising technique for coastal imaging applications, particularly under high-energy wave conditions when in situ instrument deployment can be challenging.


Many low- and middle-income countries are moving to introduce HPV vaccine into their national immunization programs. To improve coverage, equity, and sustainability, public health officials and practitioners can use planning and implementation lessons learned, including successful school-based delivery strategies, innovative approaches to reach out-of-school girls, best practices for communication and social mobilization, and integration of services to reduce delivery cost. Policy makers, donors, and global partners should continue to consider ways to drive down costs of vaccine procurement. Many low- and middle-income countries are moving to introduce HPV vaccine into their national immunization programs. To improve coverage, equity, and sustainability, public health officials and practitioners can use planning and implementation lessons learned, including successful school-based delivery strategies, innovative approaches to reach out-of-school girls, best practices for communication and social mobilization, and integration of services to reduce delivery cost. Policy makers, donors, and global partners should continue to consider ways to drive down costs of vaccine procurement.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Bladder Outlet Obstruction (BOO) is one of the common cause for Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms(LUTS) in men. Pressure-flow urodynamics is the investigation of choice in the...


MRI-guided Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound is superior to other minimally invasive neuromodulation procedures in terms of spatial resolution and activating deeper brain areas. Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, essential tremor, brain cancer, epilepsy, nerve block, medicine administration, and stroke benefit from MRI-guided LFUS. This minimally invasive neurostimulation approach is also safe . Future clinical trials should focus on Focused Ultrasound for neurologic diseases. MRI-guided Low Intensity Focused Ultrasound is a new modality for performing incision-less neurosurgical procedures such as thermoablation. According to emerging evidence, low-intensity can also be used for neuromodulation with several advantages, including high spatial precision and targeting deep brain regions. We review the existing data on the biological mechanisms of MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound, neuronal activity emerging indications for neuromodulation, and the strengths and limitations of this approach.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of the Physical Self-Concept on Their Psychological Happiness of Tai Chi Exercise Participants. In order to meet this purpose, Physical Self-Concept scale(PSCS) developed by Choi(2003), Psychological Happiness developed by Yang(1998) were used to translate and analyze its adaptability in Koreans. A convenience sample of people was obtained from 133 Thi Chai exercises. Descriptive statistics were used to profile the sample. A principle component factor analysis with a varimax rotation was adopted to determine if there were distinct physical self-concept and psychological happiness dimensions by these exercise. The reliability of the factor dimensions was computed through the reliability procedure in SPSS for Windows. After checking the correlation coefficients, data then was analyzed by applying regression to examine whether the physical self-concept in Thi Chai exercise influenced psychological happiness. The results are as follows. The statistic package used in the analysis is measured to make use of the SPSS 15.0. Results obtained from this study are as follows: First, According to the gender variable, psychological happiness is different. Second, The findings indicate that Psychological Happiness is significantly influenced by Physical Self-Concept of the Tai Chi exerciser.


Objectives: To correlate the presence of meconium in amniotic fluid with perinatal outcome.
Methods: A total of 286 women who were found to have meconium on spontaneous or artificial rupture of membranes were monitored with fetal heart rate abnormalities,5 minute APGAR score and neonatal complications as outcome variables.
Results: The incidence of meconium stained liquor was 6.13%.Fetal heart rate abnormalities were seen more often with thick meconium (47.39%) than with thin meconium (13.33%) which was statistically significant. In the present study there was a good correlation between APGAR score and MAS, 5 neonates with thin meconium and 45 neonates with thick meconium in the severely asphyxiated group had MAS. No babies with APGAR >7 had MAS. Neonatal morbidity due to MAS was seen in 13(26%) cases and mortality was seen in 20 (40%) cases.
Conclusions: The significance of meconium in amniotic fluid is a widely debated subject. Traditionally meconium has been considered as a sign of fetal distress occurring due to hypoxia. However it is now recognized as a manifestation of a normally maturing gastrointestinal tract. In a global sense it is still considered a marker for adverse perinatal outcomes. The presence of thick meconium is associated with increase in the perinatal morbidity and mortality and hence its presence should not be overlooked.


Dr. Haggerty's statistical presentation1 that this country is headed for a surplus of pediatricians is interesting but deceiving. In practicality, one would have a difficult time convincing a couple who travels from one city to another and has encountered the frustration of enrolling their children with a pediatrician that there will ever be a surplus of pediatricians. It is almost a universal cry that the pediatric profession is unable to accept any additional new patients.


School-building design during the past decade has featured a humanistic approach) Despite pressure for economy and a frequent mechanistic conception of school design as an engineering exercise in ventilation and lighting, some architects and educators have concerned themselves with the attainment of a true total environment for the child, one which he would understand and love. ~ One is less likely now than formerly to question the relationship between school buildings and discomfort, accident, or disease. Relationships between the building facilities and the teaching-learning process are less clear. For example, who can say with assurance that an increase of ten foot-candles in illumination will have a perceptible effect on the child's achievement in reading? Some research on single variables under controlled conditions has been performed and certain tentative generalizations have been formulated. The question is, to what extent do these single variables bear upon the total matrix of the class as a group? One might conjecture that, given a skilful teacher, quantities of productive learning will eventuate regardless of the nature of the space. Some few would insist that adverse environmental conditions may even stimulate learning. However, with sldlful teaching and favorable environmental


In this paper, the finite element analysis software comsol is used to design two different defect models on the short-string composite insulator model, namely, the air gap defect and the mandrel-damp defect. The thermal field of composite insulators with two kinds of defects is simulated, and comparing the axial temperature gradient changes of mand-sheath interface under normal condition and under the condition of defects. The results show that local heating does not occur when the composite insulator contains an air gap defect without partial discharge.


Extracting features which are invariant and can discriminate targets with similar shape is one of key problems in shape-based target recognition.Multiscale geometric analysis(MGA)offers a high degree of directionality and anisotropy,which can express local features of objects more effectively.However,it is restricted greatly when used for object recognition because most of Multiscale geometric transforms are not invariant.A new feature descriptor which is invariant to the translation,scaling and rotation,was constructed in Contourlet field in this paper,which uses the idea of the image generalized moment.This method is specialized in extracting target local characters.Experimental results demonstrate the potential of Contourlet in feature extraction,and the features will not vary with translations,scaling and rotation.Furthermore,a study of the influence of using different decompose scale of Contourlet was carried out.


The development of modern information technology has subverted the
previous trading methods. The rapid development of electronic information
technology and logistics technology has laid a technical foundation for the
development of cross-border e-commerce, and the huge market demand has accelerated
the development of cross-border e-commerce. As a traditional energy supply
region, Arab countries are also developing e-commerce. Although the current
level of development of Arab countries in cross-border e-commerce cannot be
compared with leading countries such as China and the United States, the
consumption potential will be increased quickly based on the huge market demand
of the Arab region, and it is recommended that Arab countries learn from China's
successful experience, such as enriching various industrial structures,
improving e-commerce laws and regulations, strengthening the construction of
basic logistics facilities, and promoting the application of electronic payment
scenarios and other countermeasures. This will
greatly promote the development of cross-border e-commerce in the Arab region.


Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for Indonesian people to fulfill their daily needs. Rice planting is expected to be able to produce high value, but nowadays it is constrained by the increasing condition of the land. Hydroponic cultivation is the right solution because it can be done on a narrow area but the response of plants to the slope of the hydroponic land is not yet known. This study aims to determine the effect of the slope of the hydroponic installation on the growth and yield of hydroponic rice plants. The research was carried out from June to September 2022, at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture, UPN "Veteran" East Java. The experiment used in this study was a Randomized Block Design with 3 replications and each replication had 10 samples. Treatment of the slope of the building consists of 0%, 3%, and 5%. Data were analyzed by the F test and continued with Duncan's multiple distance test with a level of 5%. The results showed that the installation slope of 0% gave the best results for plant and root length.


We formulate a multi-physics model to describe the nonlinear propagation of a femtosecond, near-infrared, tightly focused laser pulse in a transparent dielectric. The application of our model to the case of bulk sapphire shows that even under extreme excitation conditions, ionization is universally clamped at about one tenth of the electron density in the upper valence band. The earlier estimate of ~10 TPa pressure that could be attainable through the internal excitation of transparent dielectrics by tightly focused ultrafast laser beams is shown to be off by two orders of magnitude.


If information and communication technologies are contributing to the attenuation of the force of destiny towards opportunities for individuals and places, then some applications, together with practices of ranking, mapping and delivering the representation of place will be concerned with how codes or practices in cyberspace negatively or positively shape our world. This paper examines the quality of geo-web information from 'Google maps' applied to the empirical case of the Italian cities of Benevento, Bologna and Siena. It interprets data using a three-level benchmarking of information-listing generated by web queries of localised services: the Google geocoded Internet, Yellow Pages, and tacit knowledge. The implications of the on-line/off-line visibility of local enterprises for local development actions, and the implications of hidden filters and ranking within the framework of the contemporary global information society will be outlined. Furthermore, an assessment model of the 'geoquality' of geocoded Internet spatial information is developed.


We present the first detection of an Hα counterpart to the EUV blinker. The observations come from a coordinated campaign between the Hida Observatory Domeless Solar Telescope (DST) and the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) conducted in 2002 July and August. Utilizing studies designed for high-cadence observations, many short-duration brightenings (<3 minutes) were identified in the He I λ584.334 and O V λ629.732 spectral lines in CDS data of active region NOAA 10039/10044. These brightenings show similar characteristics (increases in intensity, size) to longer duration EUV blinkers previously reported in active regions and the quiet Sun. Focusing on two events that show pronounced emission in the upper chromosphere (He I), we have been able to identify cospatial bright points in the lower chromosphere (Hα center, ±0.5 Å) that show enhanced emission during the EUV blinker. These bright features have lifetimes similar to those of their EUV counterparts, and their peak intensities occur nearly simultaneously with the peak blinker intensities in the He I and O V lines. In both cases the He I and O V lines show excess line broadening at the peak of the event (>15 km s-1). Our high-cadence observations also enabled us to examine the dimensions and lifetimes of short-duration active region blinkers in detail. We find that the instrumental spatial and temporal resolution can combine to distort their characteristics: even short-duration blinkers appear to be composed of elementary brightening events. The optical brightenings also appear to closely follow the behavior of the elementary brightenings. The spatial and temporal relationships between the brightenings indicate a causal link between the EUV and Hα blinkers.