Simple Summary Erythropoietin (ЕPО) is a glycoprotein hormone which, apart from its physiological function in the regulation of erythropoiesis, has additional functions in the animal and human body. In orthopaedic patients EPO treatment induces regeneration of bone defects, proliferation of osteoblasts and new blood vessel formation, improvement of early endochondral ossification and bone mechanical strength, thus resulting in enhanced bone healing. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of local and systemic application of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on the healing of rat calvarial defects. The systemic effect of EPO treatment was monitored by haematological analyses on days 0, 30 and 90. Bone healing was monitored via radiography and computed tomography on the same time intervals. The results demonstrated that intraperitoneally-injected rhEpo did not result in bone formation. Simultaneously, it affects the erythropoiesis by increasing the erythrocyte counts, haemoglobin and haematocrit. At the same time, single local dose rhEpo applied on collagen carrier could be used for enhancing bone healing without systemic effect. Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of local and systemic application of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) on the healing of rat calvarial defects. Twenty-four male skeletally-mature Wistar rats were used. Two bone 5 mm critical size defects were created in calvarial bones of each rat. In rats from experimental group I (n = 12), EPO was applied locally on a collagen cone in left defects, whereas a collagen cone soaked with physiological saline was placed in right defects. The rats from experimental group II were injected once intraperitoneally with 4900 IU/kg EPO; a collagen cone was only placed in left defects, whereas the right defects were left empty. The systemic effect of EPO treatment was monitored by haematological analyses on days 0, 30 and 90. Bone healing was monitored via radiography and computed tomography on the same time intervals. The results demonstrated that local EPO application had no significant effect on haemopoiesis, unlike the systemic application. At the same time, it resulted in new bone formation and therefore, could be successfully used as a means of promoting bone regeneration.


The diffraction of an electromagnetic wave by a perfectly-conducting right-angled wedge with one surface covered by a dielectric slab or absorber is considered. The effect of the coated surface is approximated by a uniform surface impedance. The solution of the normally incident electromagnetic problem is facilitated by introducing two scalar fields which satisfy a mixed boundary condition on one surface of the wedge and a Neumann of Dirichlet boundary condition on the other. A functional transformation is employed to simplify the boundary conditions so that eigenfunction expansions can be obtained for the resulting Green's functions. The eigenfunction expansions are transformed into the integral representations which then are evaluated asymptotically by the modified Pauli-Clemmow method of steepest descent. A far zone approximation is made to obtain the scattered field from which the diffraction coefficient is found for scalar plane, cylindrical or sperical wave incident on the edge. With the introduction of a ray-fixed coordinate system, the dyadic diffraction coefficient for plane or cylindrical EM waves normally indicent on the edge is reduced to the sum of two dyads which can be written alternatively as a 2 X 2 diagonal matrix.


The tulip is a beautiful fl ower with a fascinating history. The fi rst wild tulips appear to have been natives of the foothills of the high, cold, arid mountains of Tien-Shan, on the borders of Russia and China some 400 kilometres north of Tibet and 400 kilometres east of Tashkent. I've only ever seen those mountains once from 30 000 ft but they appear to be one of the most remote and inhospitable places on earth.


closely to the transmutable status of textual representation. In her epilogue she considers Lavoisier's coining of "oxygen" which, she points out, provides an empirical label for an otherwise unknowable entity: an interaction made even more complex by the associations of the word's prefix with piercing sharpness or acidic taste – none of which human beings directly experience in relation to the element. This is the unfixed, chemical experience of realism. Thompson concludes: "are words like 'oxygen' ... realistic in the sense of Watt's stipulation that 'the writer's exclusive aim is to make the words bring his object home to us in all its concrete particularity?' I have argued throughout my book that they are not" (278– 79). Her chapter on Henry Fielding's "Alchemical Imaginary" (191) provides a neat example of this. In the novel Joseph Andrews, a letter from a Justice of the Peace with terrible spelling (and "inadvertent cognomens") exposes a corruption of the law even within the very words masquerading it as fairness. The misspelling "Justasses," Thompson explains, "effects its own justice, both in the medium of words and, on Locke's terms, outside it, in the world of perceptible things" (215–16). There is, as she concludes in her epilogue, no "concrete particularity" of the object: texts make meaning through productive, reciprocal encounters, just as the poison inflicted upon the unfortunate nun was produced by corpuscular interaction. Beginning with a chapter on "Boyle's Doctrine of Qualities," Fictional Matter proceeds to read Locke's corpuscles within literary history and establishes a key understanding for the whole book: "human understanding proceeds from sensory ideas, but the insensible particles that stimulate perception must be represented by words" (23). Thompson's remaining chapters explore, in turn, direct engagement with corpuscular chemistry in the novels of Daniel Defoe, Jonathan Swift, Henry Fielding and Samuel Richardson. The scope of her study in doing so is impressive, taking in the context of chemical medicine shaping Defoe's A Journal of the Plague Year (1722); eighteenth-century corpuscular understandings of race in relation to Boyle's and Newton's conflicting treatments of colour; Fielding's alchemical reading of social status; and the corpuscular understandings of shared air shaping Clarissa, which encourage the reader to rethink the particularity of Richardson's most famous heroine (24–25). Fictional Matter: Empiricism, Corpuscles, and the Novel is a bold and truly interdisciplinary study. Thompson's arguments are as subtle and as ingenious as the corpuscles that inform them, which makes for an invigorating and occasionally daunting read. The scholarship, however, is worth the intellectual commitment: Fictional Matter should be a necessary influence on current and future studies of literature and science.


Diversity is a prominent aspect of daily life. The net economy must consider differences to be part of a system's structural elements from which all possible conveniences are drawn. Technologies in support of disabled peoples' activities are very useful; the use of information and communication technology (ICT) has therefore been very helpful, but there are also risks from the 'digital divide'. With ICT, the lives of those living with disabilities can be improved, allowing them better interaction in society by widening their scope of activity. ICT can help people with disabilities access education, training and cultural development. ICT also promotes the employment of those with disabilities. The opportunities arising from disabled employees seem to be often overlooked. They are analysed through the conceptual framework of diversity management and its derivative, disability management. The disability can become an opportunity to innovate structures, processes and products as well as to renew the management style and the business and work atmosphere.


Ontology - physical realism nature of human personality epistemology ethics and axiology philosophy of history social philosophy new humanist revolution resume the corroboration and the task 22 theses of radical humanism.


The thin films (thickness 400 nm-3micrometers ) were deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition (KrF-Excimer laser, (lambda) equals248nm, (tau) equals25ns) with variation of the processing parameters gas pressure, target-to-substrate- distance and laser fluence on the target. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was chosen as substrate material and the selected coating materials are alumina (formula available in paper) and diamond-like-carbon (DLC). The focus in this work is on the adherence of the coatings. Therefore, different pretreatments of the PMMA substrates like plasma processing, deposition of titanium buffer layer, mechanical and chemical surface modification were performed. The hardness and the elastic modulus of the films are measured by nano- indentation. The thickness of the ceramic deposited films are determined by ellipsometry. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy, optical and electron microscopy are used for the determination of the structural and chemical characteristics of the films.


On the basis of some relevant references and video statastics,an analysis has been made on the situation of the recent three competitions.The result shows that although we have the advantages of high psychological quality and fast varied tactics,we must improve the block action.As we are growing taller and taller,it is the most important whether we can be faster and faster.For 2008 Beijing,we'd better improve our rare attacking and carry out combatant spirit as usual,and also consist on the succeed players training.


Various analytical methods possessing high sensitivity and selectivity, which are used for investigation of the bioequivalence of generic drugs, are analyzed. Advantages and limitations of the immune enzyme analysis and the high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent and mass-spectrometric detection are demonstrated. The expediency of application of various techniques to evaluating the bioequivalence of medicinals in each particular case is determined by the structure of an active compound, the availability of appropriate instrumentation, and the skill of researchers.


'We should note the force, effect, and consequences of inventions which are nowhere more conspicuous than in those three which were unknown to the ancients, namely, printing, gunpowder, and the compass. For these three have changed the appearance and state of the whole world'. Francis Bacon, Novutn Organum To grasp the conditions of writing in the early English Renaissance, we need to imagine a world poised between manuscript and print cultures. Although William Caxton set up the first press in England in 1476 and set into motion a slowly unfolding debate about the meaning and significance of print technology, a lively manuscript culture continued to thrive alongside the print marketplace for the next hundred years or more. The result is a fascinating cross-fertilization between two kinds of textual production, each with its own practices and forms. In turn, these new forms of production gave rise to new conceptions of authorship and meaning. It is impossible "to divorce the substance of a text on the one hand," observes D. F. McKenzie, "from the physical form of its presentation on the other."


The Octopus method was created by Nokia to assist development of embedded, real time software systems. Like all methodologies, its application to industrial projects presents several difficulties. One of the pilot applications of Octopus at Nokia has been the design of a real time, distributed file system (Magix) for the DX200 telephone switch product family. The first results from the analysis and high level design phases have shown a number of problems in the method, as well as highlighting several positive aspects. A perspective on the near future leads towards a tailoring of the method in order to render it adequate for all problem domains.


The HILDA complex coordinates three regulatory elements located in the 3′ UTR of the VEGFA mRNA in a RNA switch that controls translation in response to inflammation and hypoxia.


ABSTRACT The ubiquity and gravity of female body dissatisfaction and disordered eating has motivated countless academics and practitioners to better understand and treat these issues. Many researchers have found familial, and more specifically maternal influence, to impact daughters' development of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Researchers have demonstrated that mothers who struggle with body dissatisfaction and disordered eating tend to transmit and reinforce harmful weight-related attitudes and behaviours to their daughters, which has been found to result in the development of daughters' own body dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Regardless of these findings, little research has been conducted to explore the ways in which mothers can attempt to end the intergenerational transmission of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating to daughters. As such, in this article, we call researchers and practitioners to fill this gap in knowledge.


The genes of two wheat proteins related to the texture of the grain, puroindoline A and grain softness protein 1, were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Starch binding properties of the heterologously expressed proteins were studied in vitro. Both proteins bind to starch similarly to nativ friabilin prepared from soft wheat flour, and thus they are likely to be properly folded. Acta Biol Szeged 49(1-2):29-30 (2005)


The dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSC) based on Al-doped ZnO nanorods array was synthesized by a chemical bath deposition method. The analysis by X-ray diffraction indicates that the doping amount of aluminium does not affect ZnO crystal structure,and has a hexagonal wurtzite structure. The results by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy show that Al can be doped into the ZnO lattice. The results by current density–voltage characterization measurements indicate that Al-doping in ZnO crystal structure can improve the energy conversion efficiency(η) of ZnO nanorod-based DSSC. The maximum η, i.e., 0.42%, is achieved in 5% Al-doped ZnO nanorod arrays-based DSSC at a concentration of the zinc source in the precursor solution of 0.01 mol/L. The η in Al-doped ZnO nanorod-based DSSC can be increased greatly as compared to the η in un-doped.


The present culture, the systems of consciousness and its connections with the deadlocks of our times. The study of the anatomy of the shadows in the formulation of a critical thought. The crises of experimentalisms in the expressions of post-modern art. The need to develop new forms of reading the present trends of literature. Key words: consciousness, crises.


Method of balancing the number of subchannels allocated to subscriber stations in WiMAX network based on solution of optimization problem associated with maximizing the lower level allocated bandwidth for each subscriber station according to its QoS requirements for access rate was investigated. Research of proposed method confirmed the adequacy of the model and effectiveness of solutions as a whole in terms of providing different types of service level (with and without guaranties) to subscriber stations. Results showed that in balancing the number of subchannels allocated to subscriber stations with a deficit of network resource adaptive reduction of provided level of quality of service performed dependently on the type of possible guaranties and requirements regarding the access rate.


We present an interferometric method to recover the phase diffraction patterns of a Gaussian optical vortex (OV) beam with different topological charges. The patterns are encoded and converted into polarization information, which can be decoded and measured by an analyser and a camera. Helical diffraction structures due to the spiral phase plates are obtained by a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. A numerical method based on angular spectrum representation is developed to simulate both the polarization and the distorted phase pattern of the OV beam through propagation. Simulation results show good agreement with the experiment.


The Shiff-base copper complex was modified on the glassy carbon(GC) electrode through the method of electro-deposition.The electrochemical character of [Cu2L2(4,4′-biPy)]/GC was studied and it was found that this modified electrode had a good catalytic effect on ascorbic acid(AA).The operating conditions of this modified electrode as AA sensor were studied.The result showed that in phosphate buffer solution(PBS)(pH=7.0),the catalytic peak current had a linear relationship with the concentration of ascorbic acid in the range of 0.2 × 10-4~1.0 × 10-4 mol·L-1,which indicated that the modified electrode could be used for the quantitative analysis of AA.The modified electrode was used to detect two kinds of fruit juice beverages with RSDs of 2.4%~3.0%.


This paper deals with a methodology for measuring and evaluating the static characteristics of control valves, with specifying a recommended measurement chain. This method enables measuring and evaluating the dependence of pressure drop on flow and flow coefficients depending on the type of fluid, temperature and viscosity also if the measurements were made at a different temperature and viscosity. This method extends of the possibility of using of these characteristics in the design work on hydraulic components in various areas of operation. © 2017 Published by Faculty of Engineering Corresponding author: Ján Kosiba Department of Transport and Handling, Faculty of Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


Abstract : The areas and behavior classifications of the prominences on the sun during solar cycle no. 18 are summarized, and a study is presented of the distribution of the various classes with respect to solar latitude. For all classes combined and for each, except the spicules, separately, activity reached a maximum near spot maximum in 1947 and a minimum nearly two years before spot minimum in 1954. During this solar cycle, 93% of the prominences were of A types in which the material descended from the corona, and 20% were of S types, associated with sunspots. The biggest class of prominences was the AN or hedgerow family; the smallest, the BN's or spicules. The overall trend in the prominence areas was thus due mainly to the AN prominences. Ratios of prominence areas to spot areas decreased from 1944 to 1947 and increased rapidly in 1953 and 1954. (Author)


To prevent epidemics of mosquito-transmitted diseases like Chikungunya in R´eunion Island, we develop tools to control its principal vector, Aedes albopictus. Biological control tools, like the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), are of great interest as an alternative to chemical control tools which are very detrimental to environment. The success of SIT is based on a good knowlege of the biology of the insect, but also on an accurate modeling of the insects distribution. We model the mosquito dispersal with a system of coupled parabolic PDEs. Considering vector control scenarii, we show that the environment can have a strong influence on mosquito distribution and in the efficiency of vector control tools.


ORTIC ROOT PATHOLOGIES often require complex surgical repair techniques due to the involvement and manipulation of the coronary arteries. In 1981, Cabrol et al described a technique to reimplant the coronary arteries into the aortic conduit using a Dacron tube graft. 1 In the 1980s and 1990s, the Cabrol technique and its modifications commonly were performed during aortic root surgery, but now are used less frequently due to the development of improved coronary ostial button mobilization techniques. 2 The Cabrol technique still is considered a reasonable alternative when conventional coronary reimplantation is unsuccessful, such as in redo aortic root surgeries. The authors report a rare complication of this technique, in which echocardiography played a crucial role in the rapid and correct diagnosis. CASE REPORT A 43-year-old male (123 kg, 195 cm) was admitted to the authors' institution for evaluation of progressive dyspnea on exertion and worsening lower extremity edema. The patient had a history of Marfan syndrome, hypertension, and glaucoma. He had undergone an emergent ascending aortic replacement for a Stanford type-A dissection 1 year before the current admission. The perioperative course was complicated by a pulmonary embolism requiring the placement of an inferior vena cava filter and oral anticoagulation with warfarin. During this current admission, the preoperative work-up revealed the presence of a chronic aortic dissection, originating from the aortic arch and extending through the descending thoracic aorta to the level of the inferior mesenteric artery. Additionally, severe aortic regurgitation with a dilated aortic root was reported. Left ventricular function was preserved with no evidence of significant coronary artery disease. Consequently, the patient was scheduled for redo-sternotomy, a Bentall procedure, and a stage-I elephant trunk. After the patient was brought to the operating room, standard ASA monitors were placed and an indwelling left axillary artery catheter was inserted under local anesthesia. The patient was induced with 100 mg of propofol, 1,000 μg of fentanyl, and 10 mg of vecuronium. The airway was secured with a standard 8.0 cuffed endotracheal tube without difficulty. Subsequently, a 9French multi-lumen access catheter was placed into the right internal jugular vein under sonographic guidance. Additional monitoring included a pulmonary artery catheter, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), cerebral oximetry, bispectral electroencephalography, and temperature measurement in both the nasopharynx and the bladder. General anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane and intermittent boluses of fentanyl, midazolam, and vecuronium. The initial intraoperative TEE showed normal right and left systolic function with an estimated left ventricular ejection fraction of 50%-60% and no regional wall motion abnormalities, severe aortic regurgitation, an aortic root aneurysm measuring 5.2 cm in diameter, and an aortic dissection originating from the arch and extending throughout the descending aorta (Fig 1; Video clip 1). Because of the close proximity of the right ventricle to the sternum, the right axillary artery was cannulated before redosternotomy. The sternum then was divided uneventfully with an oscillating saw, and the cardiac structures carefully dissected. Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was initiated using a double-stage venous cannula through the right atrium. The ascending aortic graft was cross-clamped. Cold blood cardioplegia was administered in an antegrade and retrograde fashion and the patient cooled to 21 degrees Celsius. A modified Bentall procedure was performed using a 27-mm St. Jude Medical mechanical valved graft (St. Jude Medical, Inc., St. Paul, MN). The right coronary button was implanted in a standard fashion into the valved conduit. Because of extreme tissue friability, an 8-mm Dacron graft conduit was anastomosed end-to-end with the left main coronary ostium (hemi-Cabrol technique). The proximal end of the graft then was directed behind the aortic root and connected to the side of the anterior surface of the aortic graft (Figs 2 and 3). The operation then was completed by replacing the aortic arch under deep hypothermic circulatory arrest with a trifurcated graft attached end-to-end to all of the 3 arch branches and end-to-side to the ascending aortic graft. Finally, the ascending aortic graft was anastomosed to the descending thoracic aorta using the elephant trunk technique (a small part of the prosthesis was inserted into the thoracic aorta). After removal of the cross-clamp, the heart was paced using an epicardial ventricular pacing wire. The transgastric shortaxis midpapillary view showed a severely dysfunctional left ventricle with severe hypokinesis in all regions while right ventricular function appeared to be preserved (Video clip 2). Because of the disparity in function of the 2 ventricles, it was concluded that the culprit was most likely a perfusion deficit in


Since the early discovery of the laser, Nd:YAG crystals became one of the most used laser medium, in spite of the difficulty of processing the host material and the associated thermal problems during laser operation. As an alternative for the host material we have been developing lasers based on an alphabethic material, LiYf4, where the Nd is one of the possible dopants. Along with the crystal growing developments we have been developing the associated laser technology, including rod preparation, pumping cavities, power supplies, cooling systems, resonator configurations and contolling of the temporal behavior of the laser regime. So far we have developed three prototypes in the pulsed regime and three in the C.W. .


This article traces the rise of philosophical counseling in the United States, from its roots in the applied philosophy movement to the establishment of the National Philosophical Counseling Association, including a code of ethical standards for practitioners and a program for certification of philosophical counselors. The article demonstrates, through a brief discussion of the philosophical counseling modality of Logic-Based Therapy (LBT), how individuals who have Masters or Ph.D.'s in philosophy can become certified members of this burgeoning new profession. Graduate philosophy degrees have generally been seen as useful for teaching philosophy or for use in some other area that might utilize the analytic skills that training in philosophy cultivates. However, this contrasts areas such as psychology, medicine, and law. Thus, the Ph.D. in clinical psychology prepares one to be a psychologist, not just a teacher. The J.D. prepares one to be a lawyer; and the M.D. prepares one to be a physician. Of course, further training is also needed. Thus, a physician must do his residency to obtain his medical license; a lawyer must pass the state bar before being able to practice; and a psychologist must obtain supervised clinical experience in order to be licensed or certified. So, can a Ph.D. (or an M.A.) in philosophy prepare an individual to be a practitioner of philosophy, and subsequent training certify her to practice? In fact, I will suggest that this is not only possible, it is also a reality, although one that is not widely known or acknowledged as is the case in the aforementioned areas. But as poet and musician Bob Dylan prophesized, "The times they are a changin." Applied Philosophy and the Emergence of the Philosophical Counseling Movement In the 1980s, I published a section of the International Journal of Applied Philosophy called "Reports on Applying Philosophy." My purpose was to showcase the credible work in philosophy that non-academic philosophers were doing. Some of these philosophers were working as business managers, others as computer programmers, others as journalists, still others as social workers. Some had gone back to school to earn degrees in medicine and law and they wrote articles about how their training enlightened their practice as doctors and lawyers. However, there were no philosophers who held themselves out expressly as philosophers doing philosophy. Rather, these nonacademic philosophers sought to "blend in." That is, they were business managers, computer scientists, journalists, doctors, and lawyers rather than philosophers in their own right. 1 This paper was presented at the National Philosophical Counseling Association session held at the 2014 Eastern Division Meeting of the American Philosophical Association, Philadelphia, PA, December 29, 2014.


As subjects for radiography, paintings present a greater variety of materials than those likely to be encountered in the fields of medicine or metallurgy. The author discusses how painting materials and paintings techniques (modelling, layering etc) may affect the radiograph.


Boresight error (BSE) is an important parameter in evaluating radome electrical property. In this paper, a radome BSE measurement system based on null-seeking method is represented, which can track radome electrical axis adaptively. In this system, transmitting antenna can be controlled to move horizontally, while the system can track the axial shift of undertest receiving antenna influenced by radome automatically and record the shift distance. The test results proved that the system based on adaptive axial-tracking algorithm can reduce the scanning range of transmitting antenna effectively and improve the measuring efficiency.


At the University of Rochester we have constructed and tested a large-aperture, (1.0 x 6.5 cm), high-gain (8) Brewster 's angle zigzag Nd:glass amplifier with a repetition rate of 2 Hz. This amplifier has a gain uniformity of +/-3 % and a maximum stress-induced depolarization <2.5 %.


A HYDROGEOLOGICAL STUDY MUST GIVE DATA ON THE PIEZOMETRIC SURFACE OF THE WATER TABLE, PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION IN SOIL, VALUE OF THE PERMEABILITY COEFFICIENT, AND TERRAIN HETEROGENEITY. PUMPING TESTS CANNOT ALWAYS BE CARRIED OUT. LEFRANC TESTS ENABLE ACCURATE RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED WITHOUT NECESSITATING THE EXTENSIVE USE OF EQUIPMENT. THEY CAN BE CARRIED OUT DURING EXPLORATORY BORING. A BIBLIOGRAPHIC STUDY AND AN ACCOUNT OF CONSTRUCTION AND DATA INTERPRETATION PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY THE REGIONAL LABORATORY IN AUTUN ARE INCLUDED. /LCPC/RRL/


Design of devices with hydrodynamic lubrication of grooved surfaces with partial slip is possible due to the research efforts in the areas of micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS). The present study examines the effects of slip/no-slip configuration regions on improvement in load capacity and reduction in friction coefficient for journal bearing. The classical Reynolds equation governing the pressure distribution in a hydrodynamic bearing is based on the assumption of no-slip of fluid over the two surfaces with relative sliding motion. In the present work, hydrodynamic grooved journal bearing with partial slip surface is considered and the analysis is carried out using modified classical Reynolds equation considering the partial slip on the bearing surface. The nondimensional pressure and shear stress expressions are derived for the following case: journal bearing with groove immediately followed by the region of partial slip/noslip configuration. Reynolds boundary conditions are used in the analysis of grooved convergent one dimensional journal bearing to predict nondimensional load capacity and coefficient of friction. Analysis of grooved concentric journal bearing under steady state is also carried out using partial slip conditions. Partial slip of bearing surfaces has a potential to generate load carrying capacity even for concentric journal bearing.


In this paper we argue that authorities aid cooperation by means of direct coordination or the enforcement of pre-commitment devices such as contract laws.Credible threats of violence allow this role. In a local interaction model, an authority forms if mutually connected individuals with sufficient combined punishment potential have signalled their willingness to form such an authority, conditional upon the willigness of others to do so. Given a specific timing of decisions, we analyse the conditions under which authorities arise and under which they evolve into a stationary state with only one or several remaining authorities.


A 61-year-old male was admitted to the Emergency department with a history of increasing abdominal pain for 7 days. On physical exam pain and tenderness in the right lower quadrant were evident while laboratory examination revealed slightly elevated neutrophil count. Abdominal ultrasound was unremarkable probably due to artifacts induced by gas in caecum.


Objective: To analyse Chinese medicine prescriptions of our hospital,to promote clinic prescription better.Methods: 1 825 Chinese medicine prescriptions of our hospital were analysed from January to December in 2010.Results: The failure prescriptions had a 21.2% share in the whole prescriptions,there were some ways in the prescriptions such as incomplete prescription,drug use and diagnostics discrepant,improper usage and dosage,incompatibility of drugs in a prescription,repeat medication and combination not appropriate.Conclusion: The author considers we should analyse prescription regularly in order to promote doctors and pharmacists' medicine knowledge and use Chinese medicine reasonable.


This study was carried out to investigate an effective method for the co-delivery of Gemcitabine (GEM) and paclitaxel (PTX) into tumor cells. GEM and PTX were modified with functional (+)-α-tocopherol (VE) to obtain similar water solubility. Folic acid-poly(ethylene glycol)–(+)-α-tocopherol (FA–PEG–VE) was designed to co-encapsulate the modified GEM and PTX. Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (MPEG–PLGA) was used as a control. The characterizations of micelles were examined by DLS and TEM. It was found that two drugs-loaded FA–PEG–VE micelles, (GPF) and MPEG–PLGA micelles (GPM), had a spherical morphology with an average diameter of 127 nm and 118.9 nm, respectively. GEM–VE and PTX–VE encapsulation efficiencies of GPF were 91.09 ± 0.03%, 92.46 ± 0.02% (88.60 ± 0.03%, 89.32 ± 0.04% of GPM). In vitro release of GPF, 2.73% of GEM–VE and 2.88% of PTX–VE, were accumulatively released in 72 h (4.04% of GEM–VE and 3.88% of PTX–VE from GPM). Furthermore, comparisons of cytotoxicity were made with different fomulations. The IC50 of GPF after 72 h incubation was lowest. FA–PEG–VE micelle showed higher uptake efficiency than that of MPEG–PLGA micelle. Clathrin-mediated and energy-dependent endocytosis was involved in uptake mechanisms. These results demonstrated that GEM–VE and PTX–VE loaded FA–PEG–VE micelles would be a potentially useful prodrug-based nano-drug delivery system for cancer treatment.


We investigate competition for order flow, market quality, and price discovery in the Nasdaq 100 Index Tracking Stock (QQQ). The QQQ, an AMEX-listed, exchange-traded fund, is the most actively traded security in the U.S. equities market. On July 31, 2001, the NYSE began trading the QQQ, marking the first time it traded securities of companies it does not list. The greatest volume of trading takes place on electronic communication networks (ECNs), following by trading on the AMEX and the NYSE. Most of the block trades are executed on the AMEX, where the bid-ask spreads are narrower. We find that ECNs contribute the most to the price-discovery process. The spreads on all trading platforms have decreased and market quality and price discovery have improved since QQQ shares have traded on the NYSE.


The paper describes one of the methods for transferring meddle capacity installed boiler to fluidized bed combustion of coal. In this method, a circulating fluidized-bed is the furnace of the boiler that was simply and economically modified to use new types of coal that improves technico-economical characteristics and reduces the ecological pollution.


In Tunisia, the development of the irrigation within the water scarcity context, remains one of the crucial issues in agricultural activity. The phenomenon of climate change is likely to make the problematic while threatening the country's food security. Thus, high water use efficiency is essential to overcome these constraints and to facilitate sustainable agricultural activity. This work aims to optimize irrigation water use and to increase the production of the durum wheat (DW) through improving irrigation practices. For this, a field survey was carried out with a sample of 43 farms from the Siliana region. In data collection process, current study focused on the DW activity during the agricultural compain of 2015 in terms of the applied doses of water and fertilizer as well as the crop rotation. A crop model, CROPSYST, has been developed. The model used DW activity during three consecutive crop production periods as 2015, 2016 and 2017. Three strategies of varied mix in terms of irrigation water and fertilizer doses were simulated. The results showed the improvement of the yield by 9% that allowed an improvement of the water productivity up to 8,2 kgha -1 mm -1 .Given these results the Gross Margin may increase by 3% up to 11%.


In terms of an accident management, the cases causing severe core damage need to be analyzed and arranged systematically for an easy access to the results since the Three Mile Island (TMI) accident. The objectives of this paper are to explain how to identify the plant response and cope with its vulnerabilities using the probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) quantified results and severe accident database SARDB(Severe Accident Risk Data Bank) based on sequences analysis results. Although PSA has been performed for the Korean Standard Power Plants (KSNPs), and that it considered the necessary sequences for an assessment of the containment integrity. The developed Database (DB) system includes a graphical display for a plant and equipment status, previous research results by a knowledge-based technique, and the expected plant behaviour. The plant model used in this paper is oriented to the cases of loss of coolant accident (LOCA) is be used as a training simulator for a severe accident management.


The Two Cities. Medieval Europe, 1050-1320. By Malcolm Barber. Pp. xv + 581 incl. maps and tables. London-New York: Routledge, 1992. £4.0. o 415 06780 4 This is a book with a clear programme, set out by the author in the preface:' My aim... is to introduce the fascinating world of the European Middle Ages to those who have not previously encountered it.' Accordingly, its coverage is wide: there are chapters on major cultural and religious issues, as well as on the major nations of Western Europe. (Byzantium is not included, but the Latin East, the crusades and the 'crusader states' are there.) It never became very clear to me why 1320 had been adopted as the closing date, but the truth is that more or less any stopping point before 1500 is arbitrary, and 1320 is as good as any. Within these limits, the geographical area is ambitiously defined: it is good to find chapters on the kingdoms of eastern and northern Europe and on the north Italian city states, topics which sometimes receive only brief treatment in English publications. The project thus involves a narrative of events extending over many centuries in different countries, as well as assessments of their significance in the evolution of the medieval West. Malcolm Barber is an historian of knowledge and experience, and these qualities are evident in his writing. The course of events is clearly defined, and his judgements are interesting and elegantly expressed. His examination of the development of heresy, for example, is lucid, largely (and to my mind rightly) following the approach of Robert Moore. He is particularly good on the similarities in the Franciscan and Dominican ideals, which persisted in spite of their different approaches to organisation. He shows sympathy for characters who have had a bad historical press, emphasising, for example, the administrative chaos produced by the hermit pope Celestine v, and the capacity of Boniface vm to govern the Church effectively, and resisting the temptation to see the first as an angelic pope and the second as one of the precursors of AntiChrist. As well as more general chapters, each particular country or group of countries is given its own section, and the perception with which these are presented is proof of the author's width of sympathy and knowledge. His knowledge of the sources, and in particular of chronicles, is broad, and his selection of material for the extensive quotations well judged. I was unhappy with his approach in only one area, which happens to be of particular relevance to readers of this JOURNAL: the technical structure of church government and order. A decretal, for example, was not a 'judicial decision of the papal court' (p. 106). Under Alexander m and Innocent in, it was a papal response to an inquiry about a point of law by an inferior judge, and not a formal or necessary part of the judicial process. Nor is it true, in any obvious sense, that 'the bishop administered the diocese through his consistory court' (p. 27); that was an instance court presided over by the Official, not an administrative centre. Both of these misunderstandings give the impression that the authorities were in overall control of policy. In reality, pope and bishops were usually responding,


Objectives: To study the e ect of human P27KIP1 gene AVV virus combining with Chinese herb Pien Tze Huang on human osteosarcoma mice model. Methods: 40 standardized human osteosarcoma mice model were divided into 5 groups, treated with PBS, Paav-MCS, human P27KIP1 gene AVV virus, Chinese herb Pien Tze Huang or human P27KIP1 gene AVV virus combining with Chinese herb Pien Tze Huang in each di erent group. Results: ① Mice model of transplant human osteosarcoma were established successfully. ②Osteosarcoma were inhibited successfully by human P27KIP1 gene AVV virus, Chinese herb Pien Tze Huang or human P27KIP1 gene AVV virus combining with Chinese herb Pien Tze Huang. ③Mice model of transplant human osteosarcoma were active during observation. Conclusions: ①These results suggested that human P27KIP1 gene AVV virus, herb Pien Tze Huang and human P27KIP1 gene AVV virus combined with herb Pien Tze Huang were e ective on human osteosarcoma. ②Among them, the most e ective treatment was human P27KIP1 gene AVV virus combining with herb Pien Tze Huang. ③Chinese herb Pien Tze Huang was possible useful for life improvement of osteosarcoma patient.


Summary The First Sacred War was hotly debated in the 4th century. The crimes committed by the Crisaeans in this war were later equated to those committed by the Phocians during the Third Sacred War, or those committed by the Locrians of Amphissa during the Fourth Sacred War. This paper shows how the parallels drawn between the First and Third Sacred Wars (SW1–SW3) and between the First and Fourth Sacred Wars (SW1–SW4) were respectively shaped and used as an argument in two different milieus: in pro-Macedonian intellectual circles in Athens, and in the Athenian forensic and deliberative arena. The main aim of this paper is to understand why 'SW1–SW3' is not used as an argument in the latter. In fact, Athens' most prominent politicians had to cope with the Athenian support for the Phocians in the so-called Third Sacred War. Thus, the Phocians were depicted as guilty, but not to the point that they were compared to the Crisaeans. The legacy of the latter was ambivalent and lent itself to this shift in meaning.


This paper describes a low-dropout (LDO) voltage regulator system for portable device applications, with a capacitorless output. The regulator operates with supply voltages from 1.6V to 2V, providing 0.9V to 1.4V regulated voltages at a 99.2% current efficiency. The fully integrated architecture with a 100pF integrated decoupling capacitor was implemented in IBM 130nm CMOS technology, allowing greater power system integration. Post-layout simulations of our design demonstrate that the proposed LDO architecture provides a fast load regulation with a fast 320ns response time for 100mA load current and regulated voltage variations of less than 25mV.


Day Preserve. M any natural areas managers are realizing that the notion of leaving the land alone to restore itself is outdated. The strategy of merely removing disturbances was perhaps a good first step, but in the long run often proved to be based on simplistic wishful thinking that nature would take over. Although set-aside land will undergo succession of some kind, it may be an "artificial" succession (Packard, 1993) that leads to reduction in natural diversity and structural complexity. This kind of succession may not help return the ecosystem to pre-settlement conditions, as an arbitrary goal. Often an ecosystem is too altered to simply restore itself, even if given decades. In some cases, more proactive restoration may be appropriate for ecosystems that would not return to presettlement conditions on their own. In contrast, river management philosophies have developed inversely to those of land-based natural areas management. Today's river management emphases have evolved from the deliberate manipulation of earlier years to a hands-off approach resembling traditional preserve management. In the past, although river management was based on the best intentions for maximizing river protection, it often proved detrimental to the processes and riparian ecosystems it sought to restore. Over the decades of failed management attempts, we have developed a new respect for the complexities of riverine systems. The new philosophy in stream restoration is to allow the river to mimic its original, pre-settlement meander geometry and find its own "equilibrium," whatever that may mean for an inherently dynamic system. This hands-off restoration approach may not always work for river recovery. A system that has been extensively altered and degraded could take a long time, if ever, to return to some dynamic equilibrium capable of supporting healthy populations of riverine lifeforms. And time is often critical to species dependent on that degraded river, such as struggling populations of native salmonids all over the Pacific Northwest. The legacy of failed river manipulations is a reminder of the importance of balancing hands-on strategies to guide change with no-action strategies to allow the river time to do much of the work itself. The Oregon Chapter of the Nature Conservancy's (TNC) preserve on the Middle Fork John Day River in eastern Oregon illustrates this management challenge of balancing the light-touch strategy with a more pro-active approach. The preserve serves as an example of a historically dynamic and complex river system that once supported tens of thousands of wild chinook salmon and a rich riparian ecosystem. More than 100 years of mining, logging, ranching, and railroad activity have altered the river and its floodplain, and now they support no more than a handful of salmon. TNC's primary management goal for the preserve is "to restore the cold-water aquatic and riverine ecosystem to its natural conditions and function." Elements critical to ecosystem function include water quality and quantity, stream morphology, riparian vegetation, floodplain and upland hydrologic function, cold-water fish, and beaver. Restoring these elements requires management strategies that some ecologists might call excessive interfering with nature. The restoration of such an altered river system raises tricky questions, such


3 Abstract: The conduction measurements in polymers are very much dependent on defects in polymer chains and the disorder order created by dopant ions. The presence of localized electronic states of energies less than the band gap arising from charges in local bond including the formation of solitons, polarons and bipolaron have lead to the possibility of new types of charge conduction present in the polymer systems. The former tends to occur at high frequencies, where the carriers excited beyond mobility edges into non-localized states dominate the transport and band edges. In either case, the position of the Fermi-level (E ) is of very important. f Electrical properties of doped Azopolyester are studied with the help of Schottky Richardson emission, Poole-Frenkel emission, observed that the AC conductivity of the polymeric blend films obeys the correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model and the solid lines are the straight line fits obtained by the least squares fitting procedure results. When the frequency increases conductivity also increases.


An analysis of the evolution of social conflicts in Argentina between 1989 and 2017 in terms of three aspects of collective action—the actors in contention, their main demands, and their chosen for...


We study the problem of optimal estimation of a linear functional of unknown values of a periodically correlated random sequence from observed values of a sequence with an additive noise. Formulas for calculating the mean square error and spectral characteristic of the optimal linear estimate of a functional are established in the case where the spectral densities are known. The least favorable spectral densities and minimax spectral characteristic of the optimal linear estimate of a functional are found for some classes of admissible spectral densities.


approved Redacted for privacy Dr.i1,arry,kl it eke The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure the organizational climate of the community college as perceived by community college administrators, faculty, and classified staff. There were three phases in this study. The first was to develop a pool of test items based on the review of related literature. This phase consisted of generating, validating, and revising test items for the pilot test. The second phase of the study, the pilot test, consisted of assessing an entire community college staff in Washington State. All levels and areas of the college were represented in the test. The sample consisted of 11 administrators, 40 full-time faculty members, and 40 full-time classified staff members. An interview of a random sample of the group obtained a second view of the questionnaire. The items were subjected to an item analysis for internal consistency, and 42 of the 83 items were selected for the field test instrument. The field test was the final phase. Three community colleges in Washington State were utilized. The population consisted of 238 respondents from all levels and areas of the colleges. The response rate was 35 per cent. The results were analyzed to determine reliability of the instrument and to reduce the instrument length if possible. Consistency in responses was expected in three major areas: units of the college, positions within the college, and between colleges themselves. Differences were expected among the seven concepts. Differences in concept means were found only among the seven concepts. The instrument is reliable and valid. Individuals interviewed all expressed interest in establishing positive, productive working climates. All four community college presidents interviewed expressed a desire to assess the climate of their organizations. There are not the financial resources to accomplish lengthy assessment projects; therefore, the 35-item instrument that resulted from this study could be administered to a community college to assess the organizational climate as the first step in establishing a productive organization. g Copyright by Sharon Martin June 1983


The text here presented is taken from the dissertation intitulated "Equality and emancipation: signs to think through the evaluation in philosophy based on Jacques Rancière's The Ignorant Schoolmaster", presented to the Professional Master's Programme in Philosophy PROF-FILO, State University of Rio Grande do Norte (UERN) sector, in July 2020. Within such a framing, the enquiry begins from the provoking thought of Ceppas (2013), according to which there is place in schooling for the announcement of the Good News of emancipation", and that such an announcement, as assumed by the philosopher-teacher, is a "politico-paedagogical challenge". In assuming that standing, the enquiry asks whether it is possible to indicate a method so that the "announcement of emancipation" can be made according to a tonality inspired in The Ignorant Schoolmaster. In a first moment, the enquiry recognizes the existence of a discussion over the "method" in the aforementioned work; that it is possible to indicate within the text various manners of referring to the "Jacotot method", and that it is possible also to specify elements of the same method. However, the enquiry points to restrictions present in The Ignorant 1 Professor da E. E. Professora Calpúrnia Caldas de Amorim-EECCAM (Caicó-RN). Mestre em Filosofia pela Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte-PROF-FILO/UERN (2020); graduado em História pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte-UFRN (2017). E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 2 Professor Adjunto IV, com dedicação exclusiva, da Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte-UERN, Curso de Filosofia do Campus Caicó-CaC. Doutor em Filosofia (UFRN-2012). Coordenador do Núcleo UERN do Mestrado Profissional em Filosofia PROF-FILO. E-mail: email@example.com ______O MESTRE IGNORANTE DE JACQUES RANCIÈRE: UM CAMINHO PARA... Suédson Relva Nogueira / José Teixeira Neto Ano 9 n. 20 Outubro – Novembro 2020 p. 133 153 134 Schoolmaster to a "paedagogical translation" or an institutionalization of the "Jacotot method". Thence, rather than "creating" a new method for philosophy apprenticeship, the aim of the framing here presented is to indicate a path following The Ignorant Schoolmaster's narrative of "paedagogical experience" (RANCIÈRE, 2017, p. 32). After analysing both primary and secondary bibliographies, the enquiry introduces eight steps or movements toward an experience with philosophy in schools and, in its last part, it amplifies the discussion over the eighth step to think through the evaluation of philosophy apprenticeship. On this last aspect, the enquiry reaches the conclusion that, if an evaluation that verifies knowledges and contents supposedly understood or not by students is not fitting, but it should be verified how much has the student seeked to solve the problem-question given and how did she translate and give expression to her movements beginning from the "common thing", in evaluating the schoolmaster should verify how much of "attention" and "will" is put by the student in her "seeking".


The discipline of international relations has not taken international migration seriously. International relations theory has precious little to say about international migration. Yet, particularly since 1989, governments everywhere are scrambling to cope with international migration-related problems and issues. In the idiom of international relations, migration has gone from low to high politics. Now along comes a book which explains why governments and students of them ought to pay more attention to international migration. The reason is that international migration affects national security, sometimes in fundamental ways. The notion of national security broadly encompasses real and perceived threats to the maintenance of a state's institutions and achievement of its domestic and foreign policy goals. International migration can have both toward and untoward effects. In the preface and introductory chapter, the editor demarcates a national security approach to understanding international migration from the approach termed international political economy. He diplomatically suggests that the two approaches can be viewed as competing or complementary, but that his approach grants primacy to the political consequences of international migration. And, however unfashionable this may seem, international migration involves much more than factor movements to achieve equilibrium. His approach tends to highlight conflictful consequences of international migration that are minimized or ignored by the international political economy approach. In a national security approach, international migration can be a dependent variable, a result of ethnic conflict, but also an independent variable, a cause of political tensions and conflict. Ten chapters follow which explore the national security ramifications of international migration around the world. Rogers Brubaker surveys the complicated situation created by the collapse of the Soviet Union. Some 25 million ethnic Russians, for instance, live outside the boundaries of the Russian Federation. Their status in Soviet successor states has become problematic, creating enormous potential for conflict. But Brubaker is measured in his analysis. Most significantly, he sees little empirical basis to warrant the Voelkerwanderung fear that Western Europe will be inundated by uncontrollable hordes of aliens from the Easta new barbarian invasion. There will be mass population movements, but most of the displaced will not get to Western Europe; rather they will now have to find nearby havens. William Zimmerman examines the national security implications of migration for the former Yugoslavia. His account enables one to better understand how migrations of the distant past helped create the polyglot nature of Yugoslavia. He explains why Yugoslavia eventually dropped the typically Leninist policymaking emigration next to impossible and enabled its citizens to work abroad. He then elucidates migration-related tensions which contributed to the breakup of the Federation, such as the situation in the Kosovo province of Serbia where birthrate and migration differentials have contributed to the demographic expansion of the ethnically Albanian population. Zimmerman argues that the pressure of hundreds of thousands of Croatian emigrants in Germany figured in the fateful and hasty German decision to support Croatian independence. There have been numerous press reports to this effect, and certainly Zimmerman is not alone in believing this to be the case. Yet the evidence proffered in support of this thesis is slim. While alien residents of Germany are neither voiceless nor powerless, they also do not determine German foreign policy. The historic ties between Germany and Croatia, the (mis)calculations of German Foreign Minister Genscher or the desire of the Germans to reassert themselves in world affairs after long decades of deference to U.S. wishes and policies probably weighed more heavily in German decisionmaking than the wishes of Croatian emigres in Germany. Gary Freeman explains how national security calculations contributed to Australia dropping its historic whites-only immigration policy in favor of a new policy which made it possible for Asians and other nonwhites to enter as


Objective To explore the expression of caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)patients. Methods The CD4+ and CD8+T cells from peripheral blood of 20 SLE patients and 10 healthy volunteers were separated using magnetic cell sorting system (MACS), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test the expression of caspase-3 and TRAIL receptors in CD4+ and CD8+T cells of SLE patients and healthy volunteers. Results The CD8+T cells from SLE patients had significantly higher caspase-3 (P=0.003) and TRAIL-R2 (P=0.024) expression than those from healthy volunteers. Conclusion The TRAIL-R2 signal pathway may be a possible important pathway to the apoptosis of T cells in SLE patients.


Anyone associated for twenty years and more with Anatolian archaeology through the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, and thus with Anatolian Studies, has ample reason for respect and gratitude for the long, patient and understanding editorship of this journal by Oliver Gurney. For many years he has proved that efficiency and humanity can go hand in hand; and that the light touch on the editorial helm is normally sufficient. Perhaps at some sacrifice of his own interests, he has a record of service to Anatolian scholarship quite unsurpassed in our time, for to him is due the shape of Anatolian Studies as we have long known it. This necessarily brief appraisal of aspects of the work achieved in the area of the Keban Rescue Project, under the overall auspices of the Middle East Technical University, Ankara, concentrates its attention especially upon the excavations at one site. The results of these have now been published in part in final form, with praiseworthy speed. The writer is responding to a request for a review of these publications. To attempt such a review without reference to the other reports on this site of Korucutepe, or in total isolation from the many other excavations by different teams in the same area, would of course be of little value and less interest. Yet the literature is by now so great, if in some degree repetitive, and the cultural implications for surrounding regions are so far-reaching, that a definitive assessment can scarcely be approached, and must await the final publications of the other excavations.


Quite often in application, logarithmically convergent series have to be evaluated. There are several convergence acceleration methods that are based on the evaluation of partial sums sn for relatively large n and thus, normally require the evaluation of all terms aj with 0 j n. Here, we show that it is possible to avoid the computation of the partials sums of high order if it is possible to evaluate a few terms aj for relatively large j. The eeectiveness of the approach is demonstrated for the 1=z expansion that is a particular diicult example of logarithmic convergence. 1 Description of the Method Consider an innnite series s = P 1 j=0 a j with partials sums s n = P n j=0 a j and terms a j. If the partial sums satisfy the equation lim n!1 (s n+1 ? s)=(s n ? s) = (1) the series is called linearly convergent if 0 < jj < 1, and logarithmically conver-gent for = 1. Logarithmically convergent series are rather slowly convergent, and often, one tries to use convergence acceleration methods to speed up the convergence. Some important references on this topic are 1{20]. More general references for extrapolation, convergence acceleration, and summation of divergence are 4, 9, 18, 19].


This paper presents a computational macroeconomic model which closely associates Keynesian thinking and an agent-based approach. This model is original because we do not introduce any causality between macroeconomic variables. Instead of postulate macroeconomic properties, we want to understand them by the methodic reconstruction of the conditions of their emergence, starting from their most elementary foundations: the interactions between individual agents. This model is the model of a dynamic out-of-equilibrium economy composed of two principal sets of agents (firms and households) associated with two main functions (production and consumption). The agents are not representative agents or aggregates but autonomous individuals in direct and indirect interactions, each of them pursuing its own purposes, acting according to their individual state and their local environment, without worrying about the general equilibrium of the system and without any overriding control.


The Political Consequences of Thinking: Gender and Judaism in the Work of Hannah Arendt, by Jennifer RingThis is an interesting and learned book about the political philosopher Hannah Arendt. But it is also a difficult book to review, because it attempts to do many things at once -- to contextualize Arendt's thought, to argue with her critics, to discuss numerous aspects of Jewish culture and intellectual life, and implicitly to vindicate a certain distinctively "Jewish" approach to political theory. These are all important tasks, and Ring has insightful things to say about each of them. But these perceptions and comments don't add up to a clear line of argument. Perhaps they are best considered as Arendtian "thought trains," efforts to pursue certain fruitful lines of inquiry unconstrained by academic or political conventions.The book is structured around two related concerns, which Ring asserts have been insufficiently explored by Arendt scholars -- gender and Judaism and their intersection. Ring insists that if we want to understand Arendt we have to see her as a Jewish woman, grappling with distinctively Jewish concerns from a position of double marginality to which Jewish women have been relegated by an already marginalized Jewish male culture. The book actually consists of two parts only loosely tied together. The first deals with the hostile reception accorded to Arendt's famous Eichmann in Jerusalem, which Ring explains in terms of Arendt's position as a Jewish women working in a male intellectual culture; the second deals with parallels between certain "Jewish" themes related to Torah, Talmud, rabbinic literature, and historical consciousness, and Arendt's writings on politics and philosophy.Ring sometimes writes as though her approach to Arendt is thoroughly against the grain of recent scholarship. But the argument of this book would be clearer if it came explicitly to terms with a number of recent writers -- Dagmar Barnouw, Seyla Benhabib, Richard Bernstein, Hannah Pitkin, and others -- who have also sought to underscore the generally "Jewish" context of Arendt's work.Yet there is much in this book that is genuinely novel. The discussion of the reception of Arendt's Eichmann by New York Jewish intellectuals is in many ways superb. Ring asks why Arendt's book provoked such vicious attack, while Raul Hilberg's The Destruction of the European Jews, which makes many of the same claims, was generally lauded. The difference, she argues, is that Arendt was a Jewish woman whose bold thesis regarding Eichmann's banality, combined with her critique of the Judenrat, undermined the hawkish, anticommunist liberalist (often called "hard liberalism, something Ring doesn't note) of the New York Jews, men dealing with a long history of antisemitic charges of effeminacy and with the guilt derived from their own distraction from and impotence during the Holocaust. For a woman, an outsider, especially such an intellectually aggressive one as Arendt, to disturb their conventional wisdom about Nazism, Ring claims, was simply too much for many of these writers to handle.This is a clever and at times a genuinely powerful analysis, and in developing it Ring ranges widely, from psychoanalytic theory to postwar American intellectual history to feminism to revisionist Israeli historiography (Segev, Porath) about the response of the Yishuv to the destruction of European Jewry. Ring's most effective accomplishment in these chapters, and in the book as a whole, is to do for the general subject of Jewish womanhood what writers like bell hooks have done for the subject of African-American womanhood -- to underscore the powerful and complex interplay of racial and gender marginalization. Ring offers a self-consciously "multicultural" reading of Arendt, insisting that while she was a "white woman," as a Jew and as a woman she suffered a double exclusion. As she puts it, while an "identity" approach to scholarship is "completely legitimate," both its partisans and its critics "have overlooked Judaism as a part of identity politics and the multicultural dialogue. …


Environmental Sustainability is a concept gaining increasing importance which seeks to ensure preservation of natural resources for the sake of future generations. Its broad idea is meeting requirements of the present generations without sacrificing or compromising on the ability of our future generations to sustain them.
Environmental sustainability is a global issue requiring contribution from and collaboration between various parties, which can include businesses, individuals, and also governments if seen from a larger perspective. It involves a multitude of various activities which include water treatment, waste reduction, pollution control, resource conservation by using renewable methods etc. This goal of sustainability can be achieved my moving away from the present model of unlimited and unmonitored growth, consumption and wastage, to a model of monitored usage, savings, wastage and other factors without compromising on growth for a better future.


Objective To understand the incidence of high blood pressure disease in college students and its relationship with the body mass index(BMI) and sex.Methods The blood pressure,height and weight of the 3269 freshmen wee deteded and the relationship of the blood pressure,sex and BMI was analyzed in the study.Results The prevalence rate of hypertension disease in our college students was 2.60%,3.69% among boys,and 0.75% among girls.The incidence of hypertension disease among boys(3.69%) was much higher than that(0.75%) of the girls(P0.005).The higher the body mass index,the higher the prevalence rate of hypertension disease.Conclusion The incidence of high blood pressure disease in college students is closely related with obesity,thus the college should develop health education on the influence factors of the hypertension disease.


The fabrication and performance testing of 1.6 mm diameter tantalum sheathed, beryllium oxide (BeO) insulated, W-3 percent Re/W-25 percent Re thermocouples are reported. Fully assembled thermocouples constructed from aged thermoelements, specially heat treated, sintered BeO insulators, and specially cleaned and etched tantalum sheaths were tested for 2059 h at 1800$sup 0$C in a helium environment. The measured thermal emf drifts were less than the equivalent of 1$sup 0$C per thousand hours of exposure at 1800$sup 0$C. No gross chemical attack or degradation of the component materials was evident. The fabrication techniques, thermal emf test results, and post-test analyses of the component materials are discussed. (auth)


Introduction: Diastolic dysfunction is one key causal factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We conducted a metabolome-wide association study to identify novel diastolic...


We show that the Popov-Fedotov trick of mapping spin-1/2 lattice systems onto two-component fermions with imaginary chemical potential readily generalizes to bosons with a fixed (but not limited) maximal site occupation number as well as to fermionic Hamiltonians with various constraints on the site Fock states. In a general case, the mapping\char22{}fermionization\char22{}is on multicomponent fermions with many-body non-Hermitian interactions. Additionally, the fermionization approach allows one to convert large many-body couplings into single-particle energies, rendering the diagrammatic series free of large expansion parameters; the latter is essential for the efficiency and convergence of the diagrammatic Monte Carlo method.


Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of the pretreatment inflammatory indexes neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-monocyte ratio, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio in breast cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients with breast cancer receiving treatment at a specialized cancer hospital were collected from 2016. Pretreatment complete blood cell counts were evaluated to assess inflammatory indexes. The outcome variable was 5-year overall survival. Kaplan-Meier curves, log-rank test, and Cox regression (hazard ratio; 95% confidence interval) were used. Results: A total of 312 women (mean age 51.9 years; histopathological grade II 61.6%; tumor stage III 50.0%) were included in the study. Of these, 169 (54.2%) died within 5 years, the majority of whom had neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 2.5 (62.5%; p= 0.002), histopathological grades II and III (60.4%; p= 0.024), more advanced tumor stages (87.7%; p<0.001), and significantly lower overall survival. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio ≥ 2.5 (hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.11-2.11) was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. In addition, histopathological grades II (hazard ratio, 3.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.29-9.68) and III stage (hazard ratio, 2.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.45-4.34) and stage IV (hazard ratio, 6.07; 95% confidence interval, 3.43-10.73) demonstrated predictive power. Conclusion: Pretreatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio was considered a useful predictor of overall survival in breast cancer.


Debates around the nature of Islamic law continue. There are at least two views on this respect. The first group argues that Islamic law is absolute and eternal. The other group, in contrast, contends that Islamic law is very flexible. This article examines the method of ijtihad adopted by Companion Muadz bin Jabal and analyzes social factors that shape his ijithad. The purpose of this study is to endorse the view that advances the flexibility of Islamic law. By bringing three examples of Muadz bin Jabal'sijithad regarding a legal status of pregnant woman, zakat payment, and non-Muslim inheritance, this study demonstrates how, in addition to the textual bases, social factors and circumstances are very important considerations in his method of legal thought. due to his intelligence and piety and proximity to the Prophet, his ijtihad exert a great influence on Companions including Umar bin Khattab. This shows how social factors and empirical consideration, as these are prevalent in Muadz bin Jabal'sijithad, are valid source and method in Islamic legal theory.


There is provided a method for controlling an organic light emitting device (100), wherein the organic light emitting device (100) between two electrodes (102, 104) has an organic functional layer stack (103) having at least a light emitting layer, wherein the at least one of the electrodes (102, 104) is designed as a heating element and means of at least two separate electrode connecting pieces (105-1, 105-2, 105-3, 105-4) can be electrically contacted, and in which (the organic functional layer stack 103 ) is heated by the heating element prior to or during an operation for light radiation. Furthermore, a light emitting device with an organic light emitting device and a headlamp having a light-emitting device can be given.


Abstract : A description is given of several statistical analyses of aircraft scheduled maintenance data illustrating the kinds of errors that might occur through the use of packaged computer programs and procedures by non-specialists. The analyses are grouped to illustrate three potential sources of analytical error: alternative causes for observed phenomena, variations in sample size, and failure to compensate for extraneous effects. (Modified author abstract)


Two theoretical approaches, a dynamic density‐matrix approach and an equilibrium Monte‐Carlo technique, are combined to give new insight into the ionization behaviour of incoherent excitons in direct‐gap semiconductor heterostructures. In contrast to the widely spread picture of the excitonic Mott transition as an unbinding transition where the correlation length of a bound electron‐hole pair gradually increases until an ionized plasma is formed, the number of incoherent excitons is found to decrease continuously while the mean separation between electrons and holes within the remaining bound pairs is hardly changed, i.e., the pairs remain well correlated. In fact, the remaining excitons have a mean electron‐hole separation even below that of an isolated single pair.


Roll forming process is one of the most widely used processes in the world for forming metals. It can manufacture goods of the uniform cross section throughout the continuous processing. However, process analysis is very difficult because of the inherent complexity. Therefore, time is consuming and much money are needed for manufacturing goods. In order to overcome this difficulty, a new computational method based on the rigid-plastic finite element method is developed for the analysis of roll forming process. In this paper, the design of roll forming process and the simulation are performed to manufacture the upper member at under rail composed of three members. The cold rolled carbon steel sheet(SCP-1) is used in this simulation, and a flow stress equation is set up by conducting the tensile test. The upper member is designed using two types of design for a excellent design. Each types are simulated and compared with the strain distribution using SHAPE-RF software. In addition, the numerical magnitude of bow and camber which are the buckling phenomenon is estimated.


A contribution to the sixth installment of the Common Knowledge symposium "Apology for Quietism," this article addresses a) the extent to which the familiar term "Buddhist quietism" is legitimate, b) the use of the term by Jesuit missionaries in Asia at the time that Catholic quietism was briefly flourishing in Europe, and c) the use of the term in the European philosophical controversy over Spinozism. Faure argues that, in most cases, the European critique of Buddhism was aimed at European enemies. Chan Buddhism in China and Zen in Japan came to be associated with nihilism as well as quietism, and the association proved resilient down into the twentieth century, but the Jesuit critique has a peculiar provenance. The Jesuits in China borrowed arguments against Buddhism from neo-Confucianist allies, yet the Confucian critique of Buddhism was itself indebted to arguments that had been directed by Buddhist schools against one another. Certain Chan schools had accused other Chan schools of quietism and nihilism, and Western scholars even in the later twentieth century have taken sides in these disputes as well. However, Faure argues, the "no-thought" of Chan is not the "blank slate" of Christian quietism, on which God engraves his will and blessings. Nor does Buddhist quietism lead to the extasis of mystical union. Moreover, Buddhism was perceived by East Asian rulers mainly as an ideological weapon and only secondarily as a soteriological doctrine. Indeed "warrior monks" in Japan formed bands that attacked all who threatened their interests, and the country could not be unified under Tokugawa rule until this activist Buddhism was quelled. The article concludes with an expression of admiration for quietism and a wish that there might be more of it in Buddhism now.


With the growing popularity of wireless mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), many security concerns have arisen from MANETs especially in that misbehaving nodes pose a major threat during the construction of a trusted network. A reputation-based trust system can track the behavior of nodes and thereby proceed by rewarding well-behaving nodes and punishing misbehaving ones. However, existing techniques are usually either energy-consuming or complicated since the relevant reputation information is propagated throughout the network. In this paper, we propose a novel trust computation and management system, called TOMS, which not only establishes the new concepts of trust and community but also includes both the trust computation model and trust management mechanism. Using the results of extensive simulations, we highlight the effectiveness and efficiency of our trust system in comparison to other trust schemes in traditional protocols. Thus, TOMS is shown to be dynamic, distributed, and efficient, as well as sensitive to suspicious behaviors and peers.


Some wise person once said, "Half of all we teach medical students is wrong. The only problem is figuring out which half." I have contributed my share of misinformation by teaching generations of medical students that "you are born with all the neurons you will ever have, the only thing that can happen after that is for the number of neurons to decrease for various reasons." In the last few years, however, it has become clear that this dogma is incorrect. Neurogenesis does take place throughout life in the olfactory and in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. This neurogenesis in the hippocampus is age dependent, decreasing as the animals age. Gage and his colleagues have been among the leaders in the study of neurogenesis in the hippocampus and have asked such questions as the following: What are the cellular mechanisms underlying neurogenesis? Are there factors that promote neurogenesis? and Are these cells functional in hippocampal systems? Previous studies have indicated that physical activity has a strong upregulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in mice. In the report by Kempermann and colleagues, the investigators ask whether exposure to an enriched environment over the long term is associated with sustained effects on neurogenesis. To answer this, they raised 10-month-old mice for 10 months in an environment enriched by larger cages and various "toys" as well as a running wheel. The controls were placed in standard, smaller stages, without these enriching elements. After 10 months, cellular proliferation was marked by BrdU labeling, which indicates all proliferating cells, glia, neurons, and those not identifiable. After a short incubation time, there were twice as many BrdU-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus of mice living under the enriched conditions as compared with the controls, with a modest increase in the percentage of neurons. Interestingly, 4 weeks later there was no difference in the number but a marked difference in the distribution of new cells, with neurons three times more prevalent than glia in the enriched as compared with the control animals. This finding suggests that there was not a continuing proliferation of new cells but rather a change in the distribution of newly formed cells. In other words, there was a phenotypic shift from gliogenesis to neurogenesis. A recent publication from this same laboratory reported that astrocytes play a role in controlling the destiny of hippocampal stem cells, directing them to develop along neuronal pathways. In addition, not all astrocytes do this; unlike astrocytes from the hippocampus, astrocytes from spinal cords have limited ability to influence neuronal fate. Perhaps it is the regionally specific astrocytes that respond to physical activity or social enhancement. Another bit of dogma gone—astrocytes are more than "brain glue." One must wonder whether these added neurons have any physiological role. Studies indicate that these newly formed neurons have electrophysical properties indistinguishable from older pre-existing granule cells. They also may be healthier, having less lipofuscin, a pigment associated with oxidative damage to cells. Enrichment also was associated with changes in behavior with the enriched mice showing more exploratory behavior and greater locomotor skills. This suggests, but does not prove, that the morphological changes are associated with a similar enhancement in behavior. When one sees enhanced responses in a caged animal, one must ask whether this animal is being brought up to the normal of the animal in the wild or, conversely, whether one actually is driving the brain beyond a baseline level. The authors attempted to get at this by determining levels of glucocorticoids in the control and enriched animals. This was done as a surrogate measure for the effects of stress as well as an indication of the known detrimental effects of corticosterone levels on the hippocampus. Somewhat surprisingly, they found higher levels of glucocorticoids in the enriched animals than in the control animals. Thus, the question of what would be the level of neurogenesis in an animal in the wild is not answered. However, if it turns out that physical activity and/or enrichment of the environment produce a rehabilitation effect on hippocampus this is still a very interesting finding. How do we relate these novel findings to what is occurring in humans? In studies of an aging population, it was noted that those who preserve cognitive function were doing three things. One, they were being physically active. Two, they were being mentally active. And three, they were maintaining a positive self-image of themselves. The enhancement of neurogenesis by physical activity and an enriched environment in the mice correlate with the first two of these human activities. It is not clear how these mice felt about themselves. Previous attempts to explain the effects of physical activity or mental activity on preservation of cognitive function have focused on such issues as increased blood flow, greater synaptic plasticity, or perhaps some effects of trophic factors on neuronal maintenance. The present studies suggest EDITORIAL


We demonstrate that single-photon as well as biphoton revivals are possible in a new class of dynamic optical systems-the so-called Glauber-Fock oscillator lattices. In these arrays, both Bloch-like oscillations and dynamic delocalization can occur which can be described in closed form. The bunching and anti-bunching response of path-entangled photons can be pre-engineered in such coupled optical arrangements and the possibility of emulating Fermionic behavior in this family of lattices is also considered. We elucidate these effects via pertinent examples and we discuss the prospect of experimentally observing these quantum interactions.


Using the Tucker-Zarowin (TZ) statistic of income smoothing, we find firms with higher income smoothing rankings exhibit lower cost of debt and higher credit ratings. Multivariate analysis reveals that firms with higher financial leverage and lower credit ratings experience are associated with higher borrowing costs, but that such borrowing costs can be reduced by smoothing reported income. Furthermore, larger firms and firms with greater stock return volatility and who exhibit higher income smoothing rankings experience relative higher borrowing costs. Results support the notion that for smaller firms with lower stock return volatility, income smoothing represents information signaling rather than garbling.


One-dimensional phased array antenna which consists of injection-molded dielectric waveguide has been proposed. In this antenna, they set the impedance matching structure close to the aperture so as to suppress the active reflection coefficient toward only the bore sight. As a result, the reflection and axial characteristics became worse, when scanning to the wide angle. In this paper, the two-dimensional circular polarized horn array antenna with low axial ratio is presented. By suppressing the active reflection coefficient of the inverse component of the reflected waves, low axial ratio is realized even when scanning to the wide angle. The fabricated antenna has good performances at 40GHz band, and the measurement results agree with the calculated ones.


1. INTRODUCTION Online learning has become an important way to deliver courses in higher education. According to a recent SLOAN-C annual report (Allen and Seaman, 2013), over 6.7 million students were taking at least one online course and 32% of current higher education students have taken at least one course online. Furthermore, over 69% of higher education institutions now say that online learning is a critical part of their long-term strategy (Allen and Seaman, 2013). In the area of information systems, more and more information systems (IS), information technology (IT), and Management Information Systems (MIS) (collectively referred to as IS/IT) programs in the world are offering online courses to their students. About 14 year ago only 2 online programs existed that did not have a campus attendance requirement. At that time email was the primary communication method that was supplemented with web sites, electronic bulletin boards, web boards, listservs, and chat rooms. (Reif and Kruck, 2010). A current internet search indicates that many universities (such as Washington State University and Oklahoma State University) are offering their IS/IT programs completely through online formats. These online programs offer IS/IT students the opportunity to earn degrees without having to come to the physical university campus location (Chong, et al., 2012; He and Yen, 2014). As online learning becomes more prevalent and higher educational institutions continue to expand their online programs, more and more educators and organizations have become concerned with the quality of online courses (Abdous, 2010; Rovai and Downey, 2010; Yang, 2010). In 2007, the AACSB (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business) had recognized the growing importance of distance learning, in particular online courses and programs in business schools and had formed a task force to develop guidelines. Currently, one of the items they look closely at during their accreditation visit is if the school has adequate financial resources to provide technology support for students and faculty appropriate to its online programs (AACSB, 2013). Designing, developing, teaching, and assessing an online IS/IT course effectively is often a challenge. Many IS/IT instructors are new to online teaching and need orientation and training for their own readiness in designing, developing, teaching, and assessing IS/IT courses. It is recognized that effective faculty are key to student success in online courses and to the success of online programs (Meyer and Jones, 2012). Therefore, it is imperative that instructors and administrators in schools of information systems learn more of the best practices and issues of designing, developing, teaching, and assessing online IS courses and programs. 2. ONLINE COURSES VS. FACE-TO-FACE COURSES As more and more administrators and instructors are interested in developing and delivering online courses or programs, the awareness of the quality of online learning is getting more and more important. There are substantial concerns with the quality of online education compared with face-to-face classes (Abdous, 2010; Rovai and Downey, 2010; Yang, 2010). Jahng, Krug and Zhang (2007) conducted a meta-analysis of student achievement comparison-related research and did not find any significant difference between online courses and face-to-face courses in terms of student achievement. Larson and Sung (2009) assessed the effect of three delivery methods (i.e., face-to-face, blended, and online) on student grades in an introductory MIS course taught by the same instructor. They found that student grades were not significantly different across the three delivery modes. Carrol and Burke (2010) compared the final exam and course evaluations of two sections of an MBA course: an online section and a face-to-face section. They only found trivial differences in the final exam scores and student course evaluations. …


We used Lemur Toolkit, an open source toolkit designed for Information Retrieval research, for our automated indexing and retrieval experiments on a TREC-like test collection for Turkish language. We investigate effectiveness of three retrieval models Lemur supports, especially Language modeling approach to Information Retrieval, combined with language specific preprocessing techniques. Our experiments show that language specific preprocessing significantly improves retrieval performance for all retrieval models. Also Language Modeling approach is the best performing retrieval model when language specific preprocessing applied.


Provided is a gas insulated busbar provided with: a metal case (1); main circuit conductors (2) housed within the metal case (1); single-leg structured insulation spacers (6) one ends of which are mounted onto the metal case (1), and the other ends of which hold the main circuit conductors (2) within the metal case (1); roughly barrel-shaped shields (7) that are mounted on the other ends of the insulation spacers (6), and that have an outer diameter larger than the outer diameter of the main circuit conductors (2); branching tubes (5) that are formed on a side face of the metal case (1), branches out in a direction intersecting roughly at right angles with an axis (3) of the metal case (1), and within which the one ends of the insulation spacers (6) are arranged. The insulation spacers (6) and the shields (7) are arranged within a range of area prescribed by the inner diameter of the branching tubes (5), when viewed as a planar view from a direction parallel to the branching direction of the branching tubes (5).


Band‐gap narrowing of GaAs as a function of doping concentration has been measured using photoluminescence spectroscopy on samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Both n‐ (Si) and p‐ (Be) doped samples with concentrations varying from 3×1017 to 3×1018 cm−3 have been measured. The experimental results obtained from a line‐shape analysis of the spectra taking tailing effects into account are in good agreement with recent theoretical calculations. A simple expression for the band‐gap narrowing as a function of concentration for both n‐and p‐doped GaAs is given.


Pancreatic islet transplantation is the most effective treatment for type 1 diabetes, but the shortage of donor islets and risk of immunological rejection prevent it from being used widely. Mesenchymal stem cells in the Wharton's jelly of human umbilical cords are accepted as a promising alternative transplant source. The current method of inducing differentiation is time consuming. The aim of this study was to develop a novel method combining genetic and chemical approaches to tackle this problem and minimize the potential risk of rejection. Freshly isolated and expanded human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs) were induced to differentiate into insulin-producing cells by the novel two-step method. In this method, HUMSCs were first transfected with neuronal differentiation 1 (NEUROD1) for 2 days and afterwards treated with chemical agents for 8 days to induce differentiation. The differentiated cells expressed the pancreatic cell markers, which were pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1), glucagon, insulin, and NK2 homeobox 2 (NKX2-2), and released insulin both spontaneously and after high-glucose stimulation. Then, differentiated cells were transplanted via tail vein into a diabetic rat model induced by streptozotocin. Hyperglycemia, body weight and survival rate of the rats was improved, and serum insulin levels increased after transplantation. More importantly, it was histologically confirmed that transplanted cells homing to the pancreatic gland of diabetic rats and improved the morphology of pancreatic islets of the recipient rats. Overall, the novel two-step method successfully induced HUMSCs to differentiate into insulin-producing cells and effectively treat the diabetic rat via vascular delivery.


It is an incontrovertible fact that man was a direct creation of God. He did not evolve from loweranimal forms, but came into being as a complete, mature and responsible human. Man came intobeing as the last of God's creative acts. All mankind descended from one original human pair, inconsonant with the Holy Writ. The study of Anthropology is therefore undertaken on the basis of thescriptural teachings of the unity of human race and the fact that the first man was a creation of God.Several world religions have their views of human origin and the views may be similar or dissimilarand this paper examines these issues.


The operating cycle of the lithium bromide-water absorption refrigerator is analysed with respect to the temperature of the main components and two performance factors, the heat exchanger effectiveness and the generator approach to equilibrium. It is shown that the machine should operate satisfactorily over a range of generating temperatures such as would be available from a solar collector. Design requirements for the pump to start the refrigerator at a low temperature are discussed. Energy storage as needed by most solar devices can be provided by accumulating liquid refrigerant at times of high insolation.


With the rapid development of China's economy, the construction scale of urban transport is also expanding. Among them, municipal road construction is an important part of urban infrastructure as well as an important guarantee for the development of people's livelihood; it is also an important driving force to promote urban transport system and social life development. The author expounds the importance and basic requirements of urban road designing, and discusses some common problems and countermeasures, hoping to be helpful.


Nowadays in China,policy of financial-aid loan for university students is in a plight.Commercial banks have not much of interest in bidding for the loan project,and it's hard to raise funds from both universities and governments for risk compensation.In particular,there are no powerful lawful clauses to penalize those students who broke their promises.Why the new policy is in plight include the conflicts between the policy and commercial consideration of the loan;the present imperfect circumstance where the fiduciary loans cannot be properly granted and redeemed;the gap between different opinions about what role the universities should play in the loan granting/redemption procedure.Some measures are therefore suggested to get rid of the plight,i.e.,set up a prefect credit supporting system as soon as possible for those students who ask for loans;introduce an operable quasi-mortgage procedure;enhance the consciousness of social responsibility of correspondent banks.


BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer is the most-incidence associated extremely high mortality rate worldwide. The overexpression of estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) is contributing to a poor prognosis. Obtaining a better understanding of the mechanisms of ERRα in colorectal cancer is important for developing cancer therapies.

METHODS
Western blotting and qRT-PCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA levels of ERRα, OUTB1, and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) in HCT-116 cells. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knockdown ERRα in HCT-116 cells. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP+/NADPH, and the oxidized glutathione (GSSG)/reduced glutathione (GSH) ratio were measured by HPLC-MS to determine the redox state in HCT-116 cells. Lastly, tumor xenograft experiments were carried out to determine the effect of glucose transporter (GLUT) inhibitor.

RESULTS
Knockdown of ERRα decreased the expression of OTUB1 and SLC7A11 in HCT-116 cells. SLC7A11 overexpression induced NADPH-dependent redox system collapse. Aberrant expression of ERRα significantly reduced NADPH level and resulted in collapse of the redox system under glucose deprivation. Furthermore, ERR overexpression of ERRα sensitized cancer cells to inhibition of GLUTs. Treatment with GLUT inhibitor significantly reduced tumor volume after 6 weeks of tumor xenograft experiment. Our study demonstrates that the over-expression of ERRα causes redox system collapses via regulating the expressions of OUTB1 and SLC7A11.

CONCLUSION
Up-regulation of SLC7A11 mediates the disruption of cell metabolism and the balance of redox state in colorectal cancer. Additionally, the GLUT inhibitor significantly reduces colorectal tumor volume, suggesting that the GLUT inhibitor could serve as a potential therapy for colorectal treatment.


This article presents a traditional shift-share decomposition to identify contributions of three effects on the rise in the hourly wage cost in Belgium: changes in the industry composition of total hours worked (composition effect), changes in the structure of employment in terms of categories of workers (employment structure effect), and increases in the hourly wage cost of these individual categories (wage effect).