Three different fuzzy methods are applied in this work for the evaluation of student group geometric reasoning in terms of the van Hiele level theory: The group's total possibilistic uncertainty and Triangular Fuzzy Numbers (TFNs) are used for assessing the group's mean performance, while a special form of the Centre of Gravity defuzzification technique, known as the Rectangular Fuzzy Assessment Model (RFAM), is utilized to assess its quality performance. The calculation of the total possibilistic uncertainty is laborious and can be used for comparing the performance of different groups only under the assumption that the existing in these groups uncertainty is the same before the experiment. On the contrary, the application of the TFNs provides clear outcomes, which can be easily interpreted. Concerning the group quality performance the RFAM is useful to be preferred in cases where two groups share the same value of the traditional GPA index, because in such cases the application of the GPA index could not lead to logically based conclusions. The data of a paradigm for evaluating the acquisition of the van Hiele levels in three– dimensional Geometry by three secondary student classes presented by Gutierrez et al. are reused here to illustrate our fuzzy methods and to compare their outcomes with those of two traditional assessment methods of the bi-valued logic, the calculation of the mean value and the Grade Point Average index. © 2018 World Academic Press, UK. All rights reserved.


By today, the activities based costs system has gained big importance at SEO levels, not only for industrial business but also for service business, that's because through this methodology you can identify in a complete, concise and clearly manner the different activities, the different processes, and the different resources used by the enterprise and that adds added value to the business.


This paper was published in ITiCSE '96 Proceedings of the 1st conference on Integrating technology into computer science education, 1996, pp.147-149, ISBN: 0897918444


Introduction: the article investigates theoretical, legal and organizational foundations for participation of volunteers in the social adaptation of individuals convicted to non-custodial punishments. Aim: we review theoretical, legal and organizational foundations of the work of volunteers in the field of execution of sentences in Russia and foreign countries and show the prospects for their participation in the social adaptation of individuals convicted without isolation from society in our country. Methods: comparative legal, empirical methods of description, interpretation, theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic, private scientific methods: legal-dogmatic and method of interpretation of legal norms. Results: in the life of those convicted to non-custodial punishments, volunteerism performs mobilization, regulatory, stimulating, communicative functions, as well as the functions of socialization and self-affirmation. Conclusions: we propose to supplement the list of activities in respect of which the federal executive authorities, executive authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and local government bodies approve the procedure for interaction between state and municipal institutions and volunteers, with one more type of activity such as assistance in the work of institutions and bodies executing sentences, participation in the reformation of convicts and their social adaptation. We substantiate the proposals on assigning the state authorities of the Russian Federation, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and local government bodies the obligation to provide organizational, informational, methodological and other support to the subjects of voluntary (volunteer) activities that promote the work of institutions and bodies executing sentences, to take into account the voluntary (volunteer) activity of the convicted person when determining the degree of their reformation, recognition of the active participation of the person convicted to non-custodial punishment in voluntary (volunteer) activities as the basis for applying incentive measures to such convicts.


The paper puts forward the successful escape route in order to decrease the casualty in the environment of mine disaster.It analyzes the main factors for the successful escape in the mine disaster and forms the model of the shortest escape route with the influence of mine environment in the disaster.It also discovers the calculation method of using Dijkstra algorithm and the escape route optimization,instance analysis and calculation are also taken.


Citrex SC (clorfenapyr), Kendo SC (fenpyroximate), Parsec CE (amitraz), Rufast 50SC (acrinathrin), Sanmite CE (pyridaben), Vertimec 18 CE (abamectim), Savey PM (hexythioazox) e Partner SC (fenbutatin) formulation compatibility was estimated in two concentration – medium concentration: MC (1x) and a half MC (0,5x) on germination, vegetative grow and condiogenes of the enthomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces fumosoroseus. Rufast 50SC (acrinathrin), Vertimec 18CE (abamectin) e Savey PM (hexythioazox) formulation were selective to the fungi, with potential to be used in integrate pest management (IPM), associated with the pathogen or with objective of preserving the potential of inoculum potential of this fungi present in the agroecosystems. Key word: Chemical groups, selectivity, fungi toxic.


Acceptance of new students is a school activity that occurs every year, even in the middle of the teaching year. This activity is the first step to improve the quality of education, namely choosing the quality of students. In general, the process of admitting new students is still done manually, namely by recording student data and the student selection exam schedule to the student data that has been accepted. This is one of the problems every year that can hinder the work of teachers and even school staff. Therefore, we need the right system to be used in schools so that it can assist in the acceptance of new students. One system that is able to solve these problems is the Decision Support System (SPK). . SPK aims to provide information, guide, provide predictions and direct users of information so they can make better decisions. In implementing the SPK, ranking methods are used so that the results obtained are more effective, such as the Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) Method. The Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method where it is expected that the normalization process in calculating the value of new student admissions. The Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method is a method which has a calculation level using minimum calculations and is very simple and practical for applied to the system. The Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method has a high level of flexibility and convenience on separating the subjective part that comes from an assessment process into the decision weighting criteria using several decision-making attributes. The final result showed that Angga Rifai Zul Fiqri ranked first with a final preference score of 1.0522, which was the highest among all candidates.


Zhang Cong and Yang Yiqing were two senior officials in the early stage of Jiajing.In the period of the Great Ritual Controversy,Zhang Cong made every effort to support the great ritual stand of the Emperor Shizong.In this regard,Yang Yiqing agreed with Zhang Cong's viewpoint.Later,Yang Yiqing acted as mediator actively to conciliate the conflicts between Zhang Cong and others of conservational group in dealing with problems arising from the case of Li Fuda.On the issues of whether carry out the policy of "Ke Dao Hu Jiu"(mutual supervision between officials of Ke and Dao whose responsibility is to supervise other officials in the Ming Dynasty) and get rid of maladis of the Imperial Academy,there were some obvious contradictions and conflicts between Zhang Cong and Yang Yiqing.When Yang Yiqing was involved in corruption scandal,Zhang Cong made his efforts to protect Yang Yiqing.Not only their own achievements and political fate,but also the subtle political fluctuations in the early stage of Jiajing were affected by the interaction between them.


With the development of augmented reality technology, the pilot helmet also employs this technology, i.e. Helmet Mounted Display. According to the augmented reality design requirements of a type of aircraft Helmet Mounted Display, the Helmet Mounted Display optical system is designed. The software correction method for the aberration of the optical system was studied with the help of the optical software CODEV tool, and the circuit was designed to realize the aberration correction of the Helmet Mounted Display optical system. The results meet the design requirements for the aberration of the optical system.


COM is the one of the most important peripheral interfaces in computer; therefore it is significant to do the study of programming design methods in serial communication. In this paper we discuss the four programming design methods of serial communication on C~(++) Builder 6 platform: direct embedded assembler, Windows API functions, MSComm component based on the technique of ActiveX and Third-Party component SPComm. We also give the compared results of the four programming design methods in serial communication, and provide programming examples.


Taking rubber powder of ramp and meridian waste tire as the modifier,the modified asphalt tests of routine performance,dynamic shear rheometer(DSR) and bending beam rheometer(BBR)are conducted with three kinds of particle size,including 20 mesh,40 mesh and 80 mesh,as well as the condition of 20% mixing amount.The modification mechanism and thermodynamics performance of rubber powder are researched from the experiments of differential scanning calorimetry.The results indicate that modified asphalt performances of anti-rutting,anti-fatigue and low temperature performance are improved after rubber powder modification;the rubber powder modification effect of ramp tire is superior to that of meridian tire;the improvement effect of penetration index,anti-rutting factor and elastic recovery of modified asphalt is better in the case of greater particle size rubber powder,and the low temperature performance is similar to that of smaller particle size;so considering the performance-price ratio,the optimal particle size is 20 mesh and the optimal mixing amount is 20%.


Abstract The crystal structure of the p-tert-butylcalix[8]arene–chloroform 1:8 clathrate (C88H112O8 · 8 CHCl3:P1̅, a = 13.886(2) Å, b = 21.891(4) Å, c = 21.930(4) Å, α = 64.00(2)°, β = 78.97(2)°, γ = 88.75(2)°, Z = 2) features a strong CH/π interaction of one chloroform molecule with the π system of one phenol ring of the calix[8]arene moiety; the seven other chloroform molecules occupy interstitial places in the crystal lattice of a highly solvated macrocyclic system (c = 0.566 mol dm–3). A thermogravimetric analysis also shows that one solvent molecule is bound more tightly than the others. The observed binding motif is presumably based on a subtle interplay between favourable interactions (CH/π and to some extent Cl/π) and induced fit between host and guest.


Abstract : Changes in the osmotic fragility characteristics of red blood cells have been used to diagnose and differentiate various hemolytic disorders for a number of years. More recently, osmotic fragility has been used to evaluate the toxic or hemolytic actions of drugs and chemicals as well as exotic space-cabin atmospheres. The use of this technique was stimulated by the invention of the fragiligraph. As presently conceived, the fragiligraphy rapidly records, in a continuous fashion, the spectrum of osmotic fragilities of red blood cells in a small quantity of blood. Computer techniques which are applied to standard fragiligraph recordings for the linearization and first level analysis of data obtained from toxicologic studies are reported.


This article reports the results of a survey of seminary students (pre- and post-aging course groups) regarding the issue of what they need and want from seminary courses in aging and theology. The author found increased perspectives on aging in the post-course group and lower appreciation for diversity in older adults in the pre-course group. Both groups reported a desire for deeper understandings of the aging process, help with integrating theology and practice, and practical resources for wise practice. The author argues for designing proactive, over reactive, ministry programs for older adults and employing imaginative paradigms in pedagogy.


Three-dimensional photoelasticity was used to measure mode I stress intensity factors of corner cracks in a double-shear bolted joint. A model of the joint assembly was manufactured from a photoelastic material and three different corner cracks were introduced using a cutting wheel. After the stress freezing process, slices along the crack fronts were cut and analyzed using three different photoelastic procedures. There was good correlation between the methods of analysis. Stress intensity factors of these cracks were found to vary along the crack front with a maximum at the bore of the hole and a minimum on the surface of the plate. This implies that the cracks are likely to grow more rapidly along the bore.


Europe is a continent of many languages. We all know that, but normally when we think about this fact, we focus on national languages, the type of language that shapes our political and our linguistic geography. But as natural as it may seem today, the idea of a language closely being interrelated with one's identity does not have a very long tradition. In fact it is only since the late 18th century that we think there is some type of intimate connection between the language spoken and the identity of a person as belonging to a nation. And even if the stabilization of European nation states was closely connected with this type of reasoning, European language communities differ considerably in their way of dealing with natural variation within their national language. For some of them, it is only the standardized national language that is relevant in this respect; for others, a certain amount of variation is a central part of their linguistic identity.


The weak bands, tentatively attributed by Douglas and Herzberg (1940) to singlet bands of BN have been analysed and attributed to two distinct transitions of this radical: the c1 Sigma +-a1 Sigma + and the c1 Sigma +-b1 Pi transitions. Electron configurations of the new states are discussed.


AIR QUALITYThe U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, state regulators, and the electric power industry are struggling to come to grips with the impact of a surprise court decision last month that dismantled a major air-pollution regulation.


In experiments on radio frequency pumping of ionospheric plasma it is usually assumed that the pump wave propagates in the ordinary (O) mode. However, it is shown by ray tracing that commonly excited filamentary density inhomogeneities will guide a transmitted O‐mode pump wave along the geomagnetic field as an L wave. Nonlinearly guided L‐wave pumping of long predicted localized upper hybrid oscillations offers a unified understanding of a range of experimental results, including strong self‐focusing for pump beams near geomagnetic zenith.


As a society we have recently heard about the Buffet and Gates Foundation intentions. Coupled with this are the claims that poverty, hunger and treatable illness can be relieved, albeit on a grand scale. Conversely, the research community has been slow to capture social value in a comprehensible form. Volunteers have always created social value, but the elements which contribute to this have been unexplained. Austin, Stevenson and Wei-Skillern (2006) drew from extant 'for-profit' theory to build a bridgehead across to theory-making about Social Entrepreneurship. This paper offers empirical data which is necessary if Social Entrepreneurship theory-making is to proceed. INTRODUCTION The seminal article of Austin, Stevenson and Wei-Skillern (2006) is both timely and insightful. Stevenson (1983) gave to the field of Entrepreneurship his definition of 'Opportunity' ie that entrepreneurship consists of a relentless pursuit of opportunity—regardless of resources, together with five key elements for recognizing opportunity. Stevenson and Jarillo (1991) spoke of "pursuing opportunities without regard to the resources which are currently controlled." Now Stevenson, together with Austin and Wei-Skillern, has contributed with insight and a strong identification with the field of Social Entrepreneurship. These authors undertook to open up some avenues of exploration for Social Entrepreneurship theory-development and practice from a comparative analysis of a broad, for-profit stance across to Social Entrepreneurship. This paper presents empirical and complementary research to test their theory-making. The author/researcher is a former social enterprise practitioner in a notfor-profit organization. The unit of analysis for this research is based upon the centrality of social value creation: as being a core determinant underlying the impact of Social Entrepreneurship. Given that an entrepreneurial organization focuses firstly upon 'opportunity,' not resources (Austin, Stevenson and Wei-Skillern, 2006), and that conceptually opportunities may seem similar across commercial and social spheres, a developing theory which recognizes the importance of opportunity for Social Entrepreneurship is of prime relevance. Of the PCDO model elements (the people, the context, the deal, and the opportunity) arising out of Sahlman (1996), Austin, Stevenson and Wei-Skillern (2006) assert "The opportunity dimension is perhaps the most distinct owing to fundamental differences in missions and responses to market failure." In reality, "Commercial Entrepreneurship tends to focus upon breakthroughs and new needs—Social Entrepreneurship most often focuses upon serving long-standing needs more effectively through innovative approaches" (Austin, Stevenson and Wei-Skillern, 2006). Herein lies a subtle distinction at the motivational level which is embedded within social entrepreneurs themselves and their support teams. This is referred to by Austin, Stevenson and Wei-Skillern (p.14) as "The value transactions in Social Entrepreneurship which differ from Commercial Entrepreneurship in kind, consumers, timing, flexibility and measurability." 267 SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP


This paper has made systematic analysis to chart's quality from the perspective of the meaning,the formation process and the elementary factors.Based on the analysis the authors present some advices and suggestions to improve the quality of charts.


The vector and tensor analyzing powers of the continuum energy spectra following $^{3}\mathrm{Nb}$($\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{d}$,${d}^{\ensuremath{'}}X$) and $^{93}\mathrm{Nb}$($\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{d}$,$\mathrm{pX}$) reactions were measured for the first time at ${E}_{d}=56$ MeV. The vector analyzing powers obtained are surprisingly large and positive in the backward hemisphere. Nonvanishing tensor analyzing powers were observed up to an excitation energy of about 40 MeV. Simple distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations were made to compare the observed vector and tensor analyzing powers.


Purpose To observe the curative effect of festering moxibustion on patients with hepatitis B. Methods Acupoints selected were bilateral Zusanli and Sanyinjiao. Festering moxibustion was performed on one acupoint each time. Results Liver function had a tendency towards improvement after treatment. There were statistically significant differences in ALT and AST. In 10 patients, 12 virus indices took a turn for the better; during the treatment, there was a transient injury to liver function. Conclusion Festering moxibustion has a certain curative effect on hepatitis B, which may be related to the improvement of bodily immunologic function.


Food safety concerns raised during the last decades among government agencies, academia, industry, and consumers have crystallised in the worldwide recognised need to put safe regulated products in the global market. This means availability of safe foods and food contact materials (FCMs), the latter comprising not only food packaging but also other types of articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Modern and innovative food packaging, conceived with the concepts of safety-by-design, qualitycontrolled logistics and sustainability, tries to fulfil several relevant functions – such as maintenance of food quality and safety during longer shelf-lives, protection of consumer health, product availability for a wider public, andminimal impact on the environment. According to the High Level Panel of Experts (HLPE) on Food Security and Nutrition Report No. 8 on food losses and waste (FAO/WHO, 2014):


This article presents a strategy and development of low cost Swarm Robots for foraging with combined collective exploration for target and aggregation strategies. The robots in the swarm communicate with each other by a predefined message protocol of assigning priorities. The communication strategy developed is simulated on a self-developed simulator applying real time constrains. The communication between robots is established by generating message matrices during simulation in 2D and 3D detail. This article further details the development of hardware for low cost swarm robots and testing at micro level.


This paper analyses the use and formation of abbreviations employed in texts referring to the first socio-political facts of the history of the city of Curitiba, such as the proceedings of its foundation and the transfer of letters of pieces of land, therefore the first known oficial documents of Parana. The documents date from the period between 1668 and 1721 and are part of the corpus for the study proposed by the project: "Para uma historia do portugues paranaense: nas veredas do Atlas Linguistico do Parana" (For the history of Parana Portuguese: in the paths of Parana Linguistic Atlas).


Flessibilita, articolo 18 e crescita economica (di Alfredo Del Monte) - ABSTRACT: The paper analysis labour law recently approved by Italian Government and its effects on employment growth. The main thesis of the paper is that the new labour market law will have no positive effects on the rate of employment ,on the size of firms, and on the size of the black labour market in Italy. On the other hand if workers interpret the new law as an hostile act, morale in the firms would fall and so would firm's profit. Our conclusion is that the effect on productivity growth and employment of the new law will be the opposite of what Italian government expects.


Abstract Different forms of intracranial mobility, including streptostyly, pleurokinesis, and prokinesis, have been postulated for many dinosaurs. The basis for inferring kinesis typically has included the presence of presumably synovial intracranial joints (otic and basal joints) and various ad hoc 'sliding joints' (many without modern parallels), whereas the protractor musculature that would have powered movement at these joints has received little attention. No study has reviewed the evidence underlying these inferences, and the functional mechanisms and evolution of kinesis among dinosaurs have remained unclear. We analyzed the relevant musculoskeletal structures in extant diapsids and extinct dinosaurs to evaluate in general the morphological support for inferences of cranial kinesis in dinosaurs. Four criteria (synovial otic joints, synovial basal joints, protractor muscles, and permissive kinematic linkages) were considered necessary but individually insufficient for the inference of kinesis. Assessing these criteria across dinosaurs reveals that synovial otic and basal joints are almost universally present (even in widely acknowledged akinetic taxa), and most taxa retained protractor musculature. However, unlike fully kinetic extant birds and squamates, almost all dinosaurs lacked the kinematic linkages that would have permitted movement (reduced palatal and temporal articulations, additional flexion zones). Thus, synovial basal and otic joints and protractor musculature are diapsid plesiomorphies, and, in the absence of permissive kinematic linkages, most formulations of nonavian dinosaur kinesis are currently problematic. Alternatively, persistent synovial joints may simply be cartilaginous sites that facilitate cranial growth during ontogeny.


Dr. Rogers an associate have presented an interesting paper that looks at The impact of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols for lung cancer .


Atomistic simulations of the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa constituted of monolayers with 64 LPS molecules and 160 PE molecules were performed. The Amber96 force field and our extensions of the Glycam93 force field were used together with periodic boundary conditions the smooth Particle Mesh Ewald method. Simulation derived properties of LPS membranes are shown to exhibit good agreement with available experimental data within the time scale simulated, chosen force field and simulation conditions. The molecular model used offers an accurate representation the high asymmetry and low fluidity characteristics of outer membranes.


The Page curve plotted by the typical random state approximation is not applicable to a system with conserved quantities, such as the evaporation process of a charged black hole during which the electric charge does not radiate out with a uniform rate macroscopically. In this context the symmetry-resolved entanglement entropy may play a significant role in describing the entanglement structure of such a system. We attempt to impose constraints on microscopic quantum states to match with the macroscopic phenomenon of the charge radiation during black hole evaporation. Specifically, we consider a simple qubit system with conserved spin/charge serving as a toy model for the evaporation of charged black holes. We propose refined rules for selecting a random state with conserved quantities to simulate the distribution of charges during the different stages of evaporation, and obtain refined Page curves that exhibit distinct features in contrast to the original Page curve. We find the refined Page curve may have a different Page time and exhibit asymmetric behavior on both sides of the Page time. Such refined Page curves may provide more realistic description for the entanglement between the charged black hole and radiation during the process of evaporation.


Sternochetus gravis has been proved to be a serious pest of mango fruit in Manipur. The insect during both of its larval and adult stages feed on the fruit pulp where the entire life cycle is completed. Certain physiological parameters of the pest and its food have been revealed significant interaction between them. The hydrogen-ion concentration has been observed to vary from 3.2 to 6.5 in the unripe and ripe fruit pulp and 4.5 to 6.2 in the larval and adult gut respectively. The qualitative estimation of digestive enzymes has revealed the presence of almost all the enzymes in the insect gut namely amylase, maltase, lactase, lipase and invertase to digest the different components of its food. Thus, the pest is host specific and is well adapted both physiologically as well as morphologically inside the growing food.


A trajectory optimization approach for hypersonic glide vehicle with multi-constraints including waypoint,no-fly zone,heating rate,dynamic pressure,overload,controls,and terminal states is studied in this paper.The main problems about application of Gauss Pseudospectral Method(GPM) in trajectory optimization for hypersonic glide vehicle are discussed,and a multi-phase trajectory optimization strategy is proposed to solve the problems.According to the strategy,the general optimal control problem of trajectory optimization can be transformed into a multi-phase optimal control problem,and then the GPM is used to discretize each phase of trajectory,so the continuous multi-phase optimal control problem is transcribed into a nonlinear programming problem to be solved.Taking the maximum downrange trajectory optimization as an example,the simulations indicate that the multi-phase strategy is adaptable to trajectory optimization for the hypersonic glide vehicle with multi-constraints.


Use dicyandimide (DCD) and formaldehyde as raw materials, DFA decolorisation flocculant is synthesized by adding ammonium chloride as catalyst. The structure is characterized. The effect of molecule weight and electric charge density to the decolorisation performance of majority of dyes, especially of active and acidic dyes are studied. Compared with other decolorisation flocculant , DFA shows higher decolorisation speed and higher rate of decolorisation.Meantime it has good performance in waste water treatment of textile printing and dying.


The dynamic gassing‐out method using nitrogen for gas–liquid KLa measurements has been modified so that gassing‐out is performed with air and gassing‐in with oxygen‐enriched air. This new method was proven theoretically valid for use in inert model systems and in actual fermentation systems. The KLa values were measured in a 1‐m‐high bubble column and compared with those obtained from the traditional gassing‐in method for three different mixing models in batchwise contacting: mixed gas and liquid (MMB); plug‐flow gas and mixed liquid (PMB); and plug‐flow gas and plug‐flow liquid (PPB). The KLa values obtained from the new method were consistent with those of the method of Bartholomew et al. Discrimination between the models appeared to be not important for the 1‐m‐high column, but the theoretical analysis revealed that it would become necessary for columns about 10 m and higher.


Aiming at the time-consuming, laborious, and inefficient process of removing abnormal rape plants during breeding, combined with the agronomic requirements for planting rapeseed, a clamping manipulator was designed. This manipulator is mainly composed of hollow splints, grip-force sensors, connecting rods, cylinders and other components. Additionally, a removing test platform was built. Single-factor and Box-Behnken experiments were conducted. Taking the output air pressure, pulling angle and pulling speed as the test factors, the rape uprooted removal rate, rape removal breakage rate and pulling force were the test indicators. Mathematical models for multiple regression were established separately for each evaluation index, and analysis of variance was conducted. Objective optimization was performed using the Numerical component to obtain the optimal combination of operating parameters: output air pressure of 0.47 MPa, pulling angle of 68.8° and extraction speed of 8 cm/s. The field validation test showed that the uprooted removal rate was 83.33%, the removal breakage rate was 6.67% and the pulling force was 84.9 N at the output air pressure of 0.5 MPa, pulling angle of 70° and pulling speed of 8 cm/s. The validation test values are in good agreement with the parameter optimization values, indicating that the parameter optimization model is reasonable.


The Venturi tube, a classic single-phase flow meter, proved to be a reliable and accurate wet gas flow meter, but it requires correction. The presence of liquid content increases the measured differential pressure across the Venturi tube and causes over-reading (OR). Developing novel methods to correct the Venturi tube readings has become a target in the oil & gas industry to quantify production from individual wells. This work is proposing a new approach to overcome the OR challenge using machine learning (ML) models.
 The ML model to predict OR was developed using the random forest (RF) technique. Initially, synthetic dataset of producing wells were generated. A variation on the type of gasses and liquids were studied including nitrogen and benzene, argon and water, natural gas and water and natural gas and decan. The input parameters consist of fluid properties and fluid conditions. The fluid properties are including gas and liquid phases. The target for these inputs is to predict the OR. The results were then evaluated based on root-mean-square error (RMSE), and the fitness of the model was assessed by the coefficient of determination R2.
 The ML model showed high accuracy results for the OR prediction of the testing data of R2=0.997 and RMSE of 0.7%. The developed model was then applied to a new set of data of air and water for further validation. This validation resulted in R2= 0.998 and RMSE of 0.5%. This shows that the RF technique is capable of predicting the OR in wet gas when the aforementioned input parameters are used. The uniqueness of this ML model is that the inputs are all measurable in the field. Once the OR is predicted, the "real" gas mass flow rate can be calculated directly.
 The novelty of this work lies in providing a robust method to calculate the "real" gas mass flow rate real-time which ultimately diminishes the need to use published correlations derived from experimental conditions that are not necessarily representative of the oil field conditions.


you enter our movement." He suggested that I come next Wednesday, to help with expediting the Freiheit, to write addresses and fold the papers — "and afterwards we may be able to talk." With several books under my arm and a warm handshake, Most sent me off. Berkman left with me. We went to Sachs's. I had had nothing to eat since the tea Anna had given us. My escort, too, was hungry, but evidently not so much as the night before: he did not call for extra steak or extra cups of coffee. Or was he broke? I suggested that I was still rich and begged him to order more. He refused brusquely, telling me that he couldn't accept it from anyone out of a job who had just arrived in a strange city. I felt both angry and amused. I explained that I did not wish to hurt him; I believed that one always shared with a comrade. He repented his abruptness, but assured me that he was not hungry. We left the restaurant. The August heat was suffocating. Berkman suggested a trip to the Battery to cool off. I had not seen the harbour since my arrival in America. Its beauty gripped me again as on the memorable day. But the Statue of Liberty had ceased to be an alluring symbol. How childishly naïve I had been, how far I had advanced since that day! We returned to our talk of the afternoon. My companion expressed doubt about my finding work as a dressmaker, having no connexion in the city. I replied that I would try a factory, one for corsets, gloves, or men's suits. He promised to inquire among the Jewish comrades who were in the needle trade. They would surely help find a job for me. It was late in the evening when we parted. Berkman had told me little about himself, except that he had been expelled from the Gymnasium for an anti-religious essay he had composed, and that he had left home for good. He had come to the United States in the belief that it was free and that here everyone had an equal chance in life. He knew better now. He had found exploitation more severe,


Inelastic neutron scattering spectra of the zeolites natrolite Na2Al2Si3O10 2H2O, wairakite CaAl2Si4O12 2H2O, scolecite CaAl2Si3O10 3H2O, and bikitaite Li2Al2Si4O12. 2H2O, together with the sheet silicate apophyllite KCa4Si8O20(F, OH) 8H2O, are shown here. We show clear trends across these minerals, illustrating the relative influence of hydrogen bonding and cation bonding. For some of these spectra, the bands are clearly separated, permitting a discussion of their assignments. In particular, we can identify librational bands (L) or librational edge (LE) and translational (cation-water stretch) bands (C), and by elimination can tentatively assign bands as hydrogen-bond stretch bands (H), as follows (frequencies given in meV): Natrolite: 13,18 (C) 26 (H), 64,68,87 (L); Apophyllite 17,26 (C), 35 (H) 64,79,98 (L); Scolecite 10 (C), 22,29,36,41 (H), 46 (LE); Wairakite 12 (C), 30 (LE); Bikitaite 13 (C), 22 (H), 34 (LE), 70(L). The results are compared with those for ice and are explained in terms of the neares...


A new decoder for trellis codes is presented. The decoder is based on a graph model consisting of diodes and switches. Such decoders may prove to be well suited for VLSI. >


Polymers are an essential aspect of molecular biology and biochemistry. The most significant of macromolecules involved in biological processes and phenomena are polymers. In this article, we provide a comprehensive summary of the proposed physical models for the configuration of polymers. Such physical models include the freely-jointed chain, freely-rotating chain, worm-like chain, and the Gaussian chain model. We then connect these models to the existing models regarding the radiation biophysics of DNA damage, as well as to the damage of RNA molecules, and provide an insight into future areas of research in the subject areas. The conclusion is that polymer physics and the Linear-Quadratic model can be used for future biophysical research in cancer and neurological disorders. Through such connections, we hope to provide a potential future insight with regards to biophysical research in cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.


Recent climate modeling results show the Arctic to be a region of particular importance and vulnerability to global climate change. Despite the climatic significance of the Arctic, many physical processes occurring in this region are still not well understood. Hence, it is not surprising that simulated climates of the Arctic vary widely depending on the choice of climate model and physical parameterizations.


Summary Uncertainty of knowledge about the patient and about medical relationships is generally accepted and considered to be an inherent concept in medicine. The physician, however, is quite capable of drawing conclusions from this information. Naturally, these conclusions are approximate rather than precise. Fuzzy set theory provides the possibility of defining imprecise medical entities as fuzzy sets. It offers a linguistic concept with excellent approximation to medical texts. In addition, fuzzy logic presents powerful reasoning methods that can handle approximate inferences. These facts make fuzzy set theory highly suitable for the development of computer-based medical diagnostic systems. The medical expert system CADIAG-2 provides evidence that fuzzy set theory is a suitable mathematical tool for formalizing medical processes. CADIAG-2/RHEUMA is being extensively tested on cases from a rheumatological hospital. Results from 327 cases are presented. In 265 cases, i.e. 81%, the clinical diagnosis could be either confirmed (223 cases, i.e. 68.2%) or established as a diagnostic hypothesis (42 cases, i.e. 12.8%). CADIAG-2/PANCREAS was tested on 47 cases of pancreatic diseases. In 43 cases, i.e. 91.5%, the clinical diagnosis was either confirmed by CADIAG-2 or established as one of the hypotheses with the highest or second highest number of points in a ranked list of hypotheses.


The paper uses Kane's formalism to study two degrees of freedom (DOF) mechanisms with elastic elements = employed in a wind water pump. This formalism represents an alternative, in our opinion, that is simpler and more economical to Lagrange's equation, used mainly by researchers in this type of application. In the problems where the finite element method (FEM) is applied, Kane's equations were not used at all. The automated computation causes it to be reconsidered in the case of mechanical systems with a high DOF. Analyzing the planar transmission mechanism, these equations were applied for the study of an elastic element. An analysis was then made of the results obtained for this type of water pump. The matrices coefficients of the obtained equations were symmetric or skew-symmetric.


Total cholesterol level is estimated in different types of human placentae (normal, stillborn and abortion cases). The total cholesterol level is found to be higher in abortion and stillborn cases tha


In the OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system, the fast synchronization is required which in general could be achieved using the preamble located in the header part of the data packet. The modulated and transmitted signal experiences the frequency selective fading due to the multipath channel. As the recent OFDM systems have been applied to the various application areas, the coverage increases which can be translated into the wide range of the signal power variation observed at the receiver side. To obtain the optimum signal level the gain control block at the receiver front-end should be capable of processing wider range of the signal power than the conventional systems. If the signal power is not controlled properly, the overall system performance is expected to be deteriorated due to the quantization errors generated in the process of the analog to digital signal conversion. Therefore it is required to control the received signal power at the optimum level. In this paper, the gain control block is implemented based on the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) hardware. The implemented block adopts multiple gain steps which are optimized by using the statistical characteristics of the quantized signal at the ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) output. The proposed design is shown to provide the enhanced convergence speed and reduced processing time while the hardware complexity is increased marginally compared with the conventional system.


This book addresses the challenges that face science and mathematics education if it is to be relevant to 21st century citizens, as well as the ways that outstanding specialists from several countries around the world think it should deal with those challenges. Starting with the issue of science and mathematics teacher education in a changing world, it moves on to deal with innovative approaches to teaching science and mathematics. It then discusses contemporary issues related to the role played by technology in science and mathematics education, the challenges of the STEM agenda, and ways of making science and mathematics education more inclusive. Finally, it focuses on assessment issues, as the success of science and mathematics education depends at least in part on the purposes for which, and ways in which, students' learning is assessed.

There is a worldwide trend towards providing meaningful science and mathematics education to all children for the sake of literacy and numeracy development and a need to produce enough science and technology specialists. This trend and need, coupled with the concern raised by students' disengagement in these two knowledge areas and the role that technology may play in countering it, put increasingly high demands on teachers.

As shown in this book, science and mathematics education may offer a unique contribution in developing responsible citizens by fostering skills required in order to assume wider responsibilities and roles, focusing on personal, social and environmental dimensions. For instance, it offers unique insights into how teachers can build on students' complicated and interconnected real-worlds to help them learn authentic and relevant science and mathematics.
Additionally, the book highlights potential positive relationships between science and mathematics, which are often envisaged as having a conflicting relationship in school curricula. By uncovering the similarities between them, and by providing evidence that both areas deal with issues that are relevant for citizens' daily lives, the book explores ways of linking and giving coherence to science and mathematics knowledge as components of everyday life settings. It also provides directions for future research on the educational potential of interconnecting science and mathematics at the different educational levels.

Therefore, this is a worthwhile book for researchers, teacher educators and schoolteachers. It covers theoretical perspectives, research-based approaches and practical applications that may make a difference in education that is relevant and inclusive for citizens in the 21st century.


The causing factors of the poverty of the fishermen in Purus village are (1) natural factors which is caused by the unsupportive natural condition used for business outside the beach, and the have physical limitation because of sick, so that they are not optimum in cultivating the available resources, (2) Cultural factors which indicates that almost all of the Purus village people are used to the lazy culture and the attitude of let-it-be, and unwilling of change their destiny to a better one because the education of the people in Purus village is under achieved, so that they only focus on fishing business, (3) structural factors indicates that Purus society do not have any effort to change their destiny, in which this is caused by complicated system policy of bureaucracy institution, such as the unavailability of better fishing tools.


Publishers details for: China's Challenges in the Twenty-first Century, edited by Joseph Y. S. Cheng, Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press, 2003. xviii + 862 pages. US$38.00 (paperback).


Abstract The present investigation aims to study the potential protective role of exogenous applications of gibberellin, auxin, citric acid and calcium on the growth and cellular redox state of pea (Pisum sativum L.) germinating seeds exposed to copper stress. All tested treatments alleviated the adverse effects of Cu-induced toxicity on the growth, cell viability and mobilization of nutrients from the cotyledons. This alleviation of Cu toxicity occurred by limiting heavy metal biosorption and maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Redox balance, examined through the study of the redox state of nicotinamide couples NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH appeared to be protected by the treatments. This correction was correlated to a modulation of NAD(P)H-oxidase and dehydrogenase activities, such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase. The present research provides evidence that supplementation of plants with gibberellin, auxin, citric acid and calcium was an effective approach for enhancing Cu tolerance in pea seedlings.


In his carnavalesque "Exhortation," the liminal poem to La Muse a Bibi (ca. 1879), Andre Gill admonishes his muse to reject poetic conventions of the past. Among the traditions that he targets in this satirical diatribe are those associated with French nineteenth-century flower poetry: "Envoie aux ronces tous les voiles, / Envoie au diable la pudeur, / Et n'assomme plus ton lecteur / Avec des fleurs et des etoiles," he wails in the sixth quatrain of his poem. Although Gill's exasperation with the persistent sentimentality of floral allusions in nineteenth-century poetry is palpable, poetic reflection on floral symbolism and discourses had already begun to undergo a considerable evolution among French poets by the 187os, most manifestly in the wake of Charles Baudelaire's Les Fleurs du Mal (1857), the title of which essentially attacks the benign sentimentality of popular floral discourses. Certainly, Baudelaire was not insensible to the traditions and symbolic charge carried by flowers during the nineteenth century. The final verse of his poem "Elevation" makes this abundantly clear: it is the poet's mind that easily grasps "[l]e langage des fleurs et des choses muettes" (Baudelaire 10). Following Baudelaire's model, and advancing diverse lines of inspiration that would become associated with symbolist poetry and decadent prose, respectively, Stephane Mallarme and Joris-Karl Huysmans devoted considerable attention to floral symbolism in their works. Indeed, their engagement with such imagery, despite their differing aesthetics, suggests the pervasiveness of floral discourses during the second half of the nineteenth century in France.' In Huysmans's novel A rebours (1884) and in various poetic works by Stephane Mallarme, including "La Chanson de Deborah" (1854), "Les Fleurs" (1866 and 1887), and "Les Noces d'Herodiade" (1869, 1871), floral symbols are manifold, as critical literature on these works shows.' Yet the role that contemporary floral discourses and popular practices played in the poetic meditations of these authors has largely escaped critical attention, most notably with respect to texts inscribed in what I shall call a "language-of-flowers" tradition. As this analysis will show, examination of their appropriation of formal and discursive conventions associated with this tradition reveals an important though under-researched dimension of their works. It will also enable us to assess the extent to which this tradition impacted both popular culture and the poetic imaginary of nineteenth-century France, and to grasp the radical extension of traditional floral discourses that the floral poetics of Mallarme and Huysmans effected during the fin-de-siecle period. Before we turn to analysis of these authors' texts, we begin with an overview of practices and discourses associated with the language of flowers, in nineteenth-century France. A Tradition Begins Given during courtship and mourning, worn in hair and on clothes, flowers were an enduring presence in French social practices during the nineteenth century, and across many domains.' In England and France, this was the "era of horticultural societies, flower shows and competitive displays" (Goody 232). It was also a time in which colonial travels resulted in the importation of and fascination with exotic plants (Candolle 9-10; Schiebinger and Swan 2, In 1836, for example, the architect Charles de Rohault de Fleury, with Joseph Newmann at the museum of the Jardin des Plantes in Paris, constructed the Mexican and Australian Hothouses, in which a diverse array of succulents and other flora was cultivated and elegantly displayed in newly constructed, glass greenhouses. Similarly, from 1855 forward, a burst of construction and plant cultivation added to Paris "eighteen greenhouses and an orangery," providing both intimate natural spaces within the expanding urban milieu and a remedy to the "exhalaisons novices de la ville" (Chalaye and Kalantzis, Jardins et intimite dans la litterature europeenne 326 and 348, 357, respectively). …


The utility model discloses a water storage self-watering moisturizing flowerpot for planting scindapsus aureus. The water storage self-watering moisturizing flowerpot comprises a flowerpot body and a hollow stand column covered by water absorption flannelette or palm fiber on the outer surface, and is characterized in that the flowerpot body is internally provided with a water filtering interlayer used for dividing the flowerpot body into an upper part space and a lower part space; the upper part space of the flowerpot body is a cultivation area, and the lower part space of the flowerpot body is a water storage area; the inner wall of the flowerpot body is provided with a capillary water absorption layer used for enabling the water in the water storage area to permeate towards the inner wall of the cultivation area; the hollow stand column extends outside the upper part of the cultivation area from the water storage area and stands in the center of the flowerpot; the top of the water storage area is provided with water overflow holes. The water storage self-watering moisturizing flowerpot has the advantages that the flowerpot is simple in structure, reasonable in design and easy to manufacture; the flowerpot with a double-layer structure is fully utilized, a flowerpot support is omitted, and the integral appearance of the water storage self-watering moisturizing flowerpot is more attractive than the flowerpot with the flowerpot support; the water storage self-watering moisturizing flowerpot is convenient to use and good in moisturizing effect, the watering times are greatly reduced, a user does not need to worry that the scindapsus aureus wither due to water shortage during short-time trip, and excessively watering is prevented, so that the beneficial growth condition is provided for the scindapsus aureus planted in the water storage self-watering moisturizing flowerpot.


those found in Moses ibn Ezra's Book of Conversation and Discussion (Kitab almuhadara wal-mudhakara), Judah Halevi's Kuzari: The Book of Refutation and Proof on the Despised Faith (Kitab al-radd wal-dalil fi l-din al-dhalil), Abraham ibn Daud's Sefer ha-Qabbalah, and the poems of Samuel ha-Nagid. In these works, Muslims are sometimes negatively portrayed, but not in terms of their religious identity. Why this reticence? In suggesting an explanation, Brann reiterates a point made in the earlier chapters, viz., that Muslim representations of Jews are tropes of Muslim culture, elucidating "conflicts of Muslim religion, culture, and identity" (p. 119). Similarly, Jewish representations of Muslims—or the lack thereof—are tropes of Andalusi Jewish culture. The reticence of the Jewish poets is explained by their "situational marginality" in Muslim Spain, their experience of "socio-cultural rupture" with the dominant Islamic culture at various junctures in the history of al-Andalus (p. 125). As a particularly illustrative example of this "silence of the Jews," Brann in Chapter 5 considers Judah alHarizi's corpus of maqamat (picaresque tales), especially the "maqama of the astrologer," in which Muslims are ambiguously depicted as both vilifying and defending the Jews. After Chapter 5, Brann's work abruptly ends, leaving the reader without a concluding synthesis of the many observations emerging from his textual analyses. Herein lies the main fault of this work. To be sure, one can appreciate Brann's aforementioned reluctance to draw grandiose, overly broad conclusions from the texts he discusses; after all, they reveal only a small slice of Islamic Spain. Nevertheless, despite his methodological restraint, Brann does indeed distill a number of more general perceptions which deserve systematic presentation at the end of his study. Such a conclusion would draw the five foregoing essays into a more coherent whole while simultaneously underscoring the significance of each. It would bring into convergence the various insights by which Brann enables his readers to refine their understanding of the dynamics of medieval Spanish convivencia. Theodore Pulcini Department of Religion Dickinson College


Synovial osteochondromatosis occurring in the subacromial bursa has seldom been reported. We found only 6 cases in a recent survey, and would like to report another. A 70-year-old female had acute pain in her shoulder without any preceding trauma. Roentgenograms and a computed tomographic scan of her shoulder revealed many oval calcified loose bodies packed into the subdeltoid space, which had caused an indentation at the proximal humerus. At surgical exploration a sack which contained many cartilagenous loose bodies was found between the deltoid muscle and the humerus. The humerus was indented at the portion beneath the sack. At the top of the greater tubercle was a large cartilagenous loose body of 2 cm in diameter accompained by a flat ossified plate beneath it. Histological survey indentif ied the sack as a bursa filled with osteochondral free bodies, but the origin of the plate remains unknown.


The background to, and development of, the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation is described and the agreed global targets for 2010 are listed. The 16 targets are arranged in five groups as follows: understanding and documenting plant diversity, conserving plant diversity, using plant diversity sustainability, promoting education and awareness about plant diversity and building capacity for the conservation of plant diversity


Web Portal Design, Implementation, Integration, and Optimization discusses the challenges faced in building web services and integrating applications in order to reach the successful benefits web portals bring to an organization. This collection of research aims to be a resource for researchers, developers, and industry practitioners involved in the technological, business, organizational and social dimensions of web portals.


At the Fukui Prefectural Hospital Proton Therapy Center, neutron doses behind the concrete shields and at the maze were measured with three types of radiation monitors (DARWIN, Wendi-2, and a rem meter) along with solid-state nuclear track detectors. The measured data were compared with estimations of analytical models and the Monte Carlo code, Particle and Heavy-Ion Transport code System (PHITS). The analytical model, using the parameters employed in the shielding design of the facility, gave considerably larger values than the measured data. This means that the facility was designed with a sufficient margin of safety. The results calculated by PHITS were less than those of the analytical model and were about three times larger than the measured data. From a perspective that seeks conservative estimation with less margin, the Monte Carlo simulation is a good tool for shielding design of accelerator-based proton treatment facilities.


The digestibility of the non-protein constituents (almost entirely carbohydrate) of ruminant fodders is shown to be a function of the level of the crudefibre and crude-protein components. The effect of increasing crude fibre in the diet is to depress the digestibility of carbohydrate, irrespective of the level of crude protein associated with it. The effect of crude protein on the digestibility of carbohydrate is only well marked when its concentration in the dry feed lies below some 5%, that is when the feed is below approximate maintenance levels. Increasing the crude-protein content of the diet from some 2 to about 5% leads to increased digestibility of carbohydrate, but thereafter in the range of some 6–30% crude protein the protein effect is very slightly depressing to carbohydrate digestibility and is apparently quite negligible at average crude-fibre concentrations to be expected at any given level of crude protein. The implications of the various aspects of this paper are that the variability in digestibility of the non-nitrogenous component of ruminant feeds depends mainly on the respective levels of crude protein and crude fibre in the diet and to a very much lesser extent, if at all, on the species of ruminant or class of feed, be it silage, roughage or even mixture.


This study purposes to find a strategic plan for customer satisfaction in tax accounting agency service, by examining structurally the influence of...


Objective: To identify if Reg istered Dietitians (RD) change counseling practices between adult male versus female weight loss clients (i.e. sex b ias). Design: A web-based quantitative survey evaluated perceptions of best weight loss practices and client barriers t o change that are client sex specific. Setting: RD members of Weight Management Dietetic Practice Group were invited to complete the survey anonymously on -line fro m November to December 2011. Participants: The majority of the 86 RDs counseled more females than males. Variab les Measured: Sex-biased disagreements in RD perceptions of best practices for adult weight loss and client barriers to change. Statistical analysis: Using McNemar's test, a simple 2-by-2 table of agreement identified sex bias. Results: Sex-based disagreements were identified for 13 o f the 20 weight loss counseling practices and for 5 of the 9 barriers to change. Conclusions and Implications: A mult itude of assumptions can be made as to why a RD perceives a particular counseling practice as more effective for pro moting weight loss for one but not the other sex. We identified counselor sex differences for many counseling practices, as well as for perceived client barriers to change. Sex-biased barriers to change sometimes, but not always, supported sex-biased counseling practices.


The following new Halictinae, all from Colombia, are described: Ha bralictus bimaculatus, Caenohalictus eberhardorum, Lasioglossum (Dialictus) breedi, Microsphecodes truncaticaudus (a parasite of H. bimaculatus), and M. trichommus (a parasite of L. breedi). Comments are also included on Lasioglossum (Dialictus) seabrai and Microsphecodes kathleenae. The genera Habralictus and Caenohalictus are discussed and included species are listed. Because L. breedi is almost entirely nonmetallic, it could be included in Evylaeus; it is related, however, to metallic species included in Dialictus. The name Dialictus has priority over Evylaeus and the oldest generic or subgeneric name applied to a species of the group is Hemihalictus. This paper consists primarily of descriptions of new species of the tribe Halictini from the mountains west of Cali, Colombia. In 1976 and 1977 I visited this area in company with Drs. W. J. Bell and M. D. Breed in order to collect information on nesting and social behavior of halictid bees. Most of the species investigated proved to be new; they are described here to provide names for use in a publication on behavior. Comments are also made on the genera, including lists of named species of Habralictus and Caeno halictus.


Abstract This study is an analysis two pieces of discourse which were embedded within a larger conflict in a religious organization over leadership and authority. Faced with a direct challenge to their authority, the elders of the church sought to legitimize their leadership through linguistic performances. Principles from linguistic criticism were used to analyze the nature of the challenge to authority and the resulting legitimation attempt. Specifically the discourse was analyzed in terms of transitivity, modality, grammatical transformations, classifications, speech acts, and implicatures. The study found that syntactic and semantic structures that challenged authority were ironic, filled with internal contradictions, inviting multiple readings. The most potent linguistic strategy employed was implicature which created double binds for the elders of the church and for members. The elders were disadvantaged in being forced to make any kind of statement regarding their authority. They walked a fine line...


The variable trailing-edge flap concept is introduced in the blades of the wind power system with trailing-edge flaps. When wind speed exceeds the rated value, the wind turbine could adjust trailing-edge flaps to control rotational speed at the rated value, which realizes the control of constant output power. At first the article presents the nonlinear model of wind turbine system with variable trailing-edge flaps. The nonlinear model of wind power system with trailing-edge flaps is global exactly linearized by differential geometry feedback linearization. In the new linearized model, the feedback controller is designed through pole configuration. The simulation results show that the control strategy is capable of constant output power of wind power system effectively with desirable performances and robustness.


In Appeal to the People's Court: Rethinking Law, Judging, and Punishment , Vincent Luizzi turns to the goings on in courts at the lowest level of adjudication for fresh insights for rethinking these basic features of the legal order.


This article continues my 2014 article in this journal, in which I presented a beginning of work on contemporary Israeli prose writers of Hungarian origin. My analysis of those works showed that they are governed by recurring concerns, or literary themes, such as: the memory or post-memory of the Holocaust; Hungarian-to-Hebrew language and translation peculiarities; preoccupation with the family's past, including that of remote relatives; and fascination with home objects, dishes, and recipes representing the family's Hungarian past. Following my work on those prose works, in this article I focus on the works and worlds of 1.5 and second-generation Hungarian-Israeli poets and explore, first, the presence of the concerns or themes governing this group's prose works, and, second, issues of identity through the poets' depictions of experiences such as persecution, displacement, emigration, and re-settlement in Israel. My present discussion of the 1.5 and second-generation Hungarian-Israeli poets is divided into four themes: the Holocaust as an epitome of catastrophe, the Holocaust as memory and post-memory, co-fusion of languages and cultures, and the eternal mental displacement of the poets' parents.


The article focuses on the forms and functions of pictorial illustrations in online dictionaries. New technologies offer many possibilities for explaining meaning of words. The starting point is whether online dictionaries use the illustrations for this purpose and whether they do the same as paper dictionaries.


This study was performed in order to determine the relationship between anthocyanin generation and seed coat pigmentation in black soybean. Soybean genotypes were analyzed the individual anthocyanin contents by UPLC, which were sampled at 5-day intervals from the 35th day after flowering. Ilpumgeomjeongkong had begun to accumulate anthocyanin on the seed coat previous 35 days after flowering, and in case Heugcheongkong was 30 days. The seed coat coloration in Ilpumgeomjeongkong run on till the 45th day after flowering, and that of Heugcheongkong was between 55 and 60days after flowering. Cyanidin-3-Glucoside (C3G) was formed the earliest and accumulated the greatest among three anthocyanin pigments existed in black soybean. So we could be concluded that C3G affected on seed coat pigmentation greatly than other pigments. The anthocyanin contents at maturity in Ilpumgeomjeongkong was 4.4 times higher than at beginning stage of anthocyanin formation, while those of Heugcheongkong was 2.5 times.


1.Introduction by George Katsiaficas 2.Part one: Historical Interventions Chapter one: 1989 revisited Daniel Singer Chapter two: How we ended the cold war John Tirman 3. Part Two: Analytical Accounts Chapter three: 1989: Continuation of 1968 Giovanni Arrighi, Terrence Hopkins and Immanual Wallerstein 4. Chapter four: The Road to Consumption Boris Kagarlitsky Part three: Retrospective views Chapter Five: Germany: A decade of hope and despair Hanna Behrand Chapter Six: China: Ten years after the Tiananmen crackdown Ngo Vihn Long Chapter six: How Adjaria did not become another Bosnia. Historical determination, human agency and accident in the study of nationalist conflict George M. Derluguian Part four Ethical Imperatives Chapter seven: Of means and ends: 1989 as Ethico-political imperative Manfred B. Steger Chapter eight: The sickness unto death: International communism before the deluge stephen Eric Bronner Part five: Political Responses Chapter Nine: Rollback: The aftermath of the overthrow of communism 'Michael Parenti Chapter ten: Cols war triumphalism: A reply to John Gaddis Irene Gendzier Part six The future of socialism after communism Chapter eleven: Transceding pessimism: Rekindling socialist imagination leo Panitch and Sam Gindin Chapter twelve: Postcommunist democratic socialism Nancy Fraser Contributors Index


Provided with an adhesive layer and a backing layer, the adhesive layer is a ropinirole containing patch containing ropinirole and / or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein ropinirole and / or in the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer ropinirole containing patch is from 5 to 13.2% by weight, based on the total weight of the pharmaceutical content in terms of ropinirole free form acceptable salt thereof, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer.


In 1975 the Japanese population showed an ageing rate (over 65 yrs) of 7.9%. This article examines the traffic related problems of the elderly in terms of their physical, psychologic and social characteristics, in an attempt to develop a form of traffic science for the aged. Accidents according to age group (from 15 to over 70) for all road users, and car accidents involving aged drivers, are analysed in tabular form. Language: en


ABSTRACT. Urea concentrations in serum and urine were measured in 28 growing, very low birth weight, appropriate‐for‐gestational age infants fed varying human milk protein intakes (range 1.7 to 3.9 g/kg/day). We found a high correlation between serum urea values at the end of the study and mean protein intake (r3=0.85, p<0.001) and between urinary urea concentrations in eight‐hour urine collections and protein intake (r3=0.81, p<0.001). All serum and urine urea values were below 1.6 and 18 mmol/l, respectively, at protein intakes less than 3 g/kg/day. Higher protein intakes caused higher serum and urinary urea concentrations. We also found a strong correlation between the individual serum and urinary urea values at the end of the study (r3=0.90, p<0.001). The presented data are consistent with the growth data previously reported and indicate that inadequate or excessive protein intakes can be detected by measurement of urea concentrations in serum and/or urine. If urine urea samples alone can be used for estimating optimal protein intake, painful blood sampling procedures could be obviated.


Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (Bert.) is a nutrient rich natural alternative to artificial sweetener, belongs to Asteraceae family and contains over hundred phytochemicals. The most important components of S. rebaudiana is steviol glycosides, and that thanks to its high potency sweetening which estimated about 300 times sweeter than saccharose but besides this has no calorific value. Many research activities on its biochemical and biological properties have been done in recent past. Accordingly, stevia has numerous therapeutic values in the treatment of patients with diabet-related obesity, hypertension or cardiac disease, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal activity, for which sweetening properties have been identified. The aim of this review is to present biochemical composition, nutritional value and application of stevia leaves and its beneficial value to health. Keywords: Stevia rebaudiana , Asteraceae, biochemical, biological  properties, sweetener, nutritional.


This paper examines dating violence from an anthropological point of view. We use Mary Douglas cultural theory as conceptual framework. Narratives of four young women who suffered dating violence are analyzed. They represent the four thought styles of cultural theory: individualistic, fatalistic, hierarchical and egalitarian. The aim of this paper is to show how the way these women understand social relations (cultural bias) affects the form they organize their relationships (behavioral strategy) and their interpretation of their experiences as battered women (narrative identity). Information has been collected through in-depth personal interviews. Narrative analysis shows how cultural preferences are related to the approval or disapproval of using violence in intimate partner relationships, to the aggressions suffered during romance, and to the way of understanding and interpreting them. Individualistic and hierarchical people accept to employ instrumental violence in intimate partner relationships. On the contrary, egalitarians are entirely against of it. Isolated persons generally try to avoid it, although they do not consider its use discordant with their style of thought. Conclusions in this study point to the necessity of taking into account cultural preferences of women who suffer aggressions by their intimate partners, when it comes to design interventions or primary prevention programs with adolescents and young people.


Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a disorder in which there is inefficient use of insulin hormone, leads to build up of glucose in the blood and eventually ends up with hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of inter-relationship of age, body mass index (BMI), random blood sugar (RBS), Total Cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerols (TAGs), High Density Lipoproteins cholesterol (HDLc), and Ca in patients with T2DM and also to compare these levels with that of healthy controls. Plasma glucose, serum TC, TAGs, HDLc, and Ca were estimated according to the instructions given in the methods. BMI was significantly higher and also the levels of RBS, TC and TAGs were significantly higher in T2DM patients compared with healthy controls. In addition, total serum Ca level was significantly higher in T2DM patients compared with healthy controls. No significant differences were observed in age and HDLc levels in T2DM patients compared with healthy controls. In the patient group positive correlation was observed between age and TAGs, age and HDLc, RBS and TC, RBS and TAGs, RBS and HDLc. In the control group, we found positive correlation between age and HDLc and a negative correlation between BMI and serum Ca. The authors conclude from the


Based on the Michael reaction of multifunctional acetoacetates with multiacrylates, in the presence or absence of dimethacrylates, tailor made matrix materials can be prepared. This can be achieved in a one- or two-step process. The Michael addition (first step) can be followed by radiation curing of excessive acrylate (second step).


To enable monolithic three-dimensional integration of the amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) and CMOS technologies, the a-IGZO inverters compatible with the low operating voltage (≤1 V) and process temperature of back-end-of-line CMOS have been investigated. We demonstrated a full-swing depletion-load inverter with a voltage gain up to 24 using a CMOS-compatible operating voltage of 1 V. The drive transistor was realized using a low-voltage enhancement-mode a-IGZO thin-film transistor (TFT) with a steep subthreshold swing of 70 mV/decade and a low threshold voltage of 0.5 V. The load transistor was implemented using a bi-layer a-IGZO channel, where the a-IGZO composition was modulated simply by the oxygen flow rate in a depletion-mode TFT.


Children's conceptions of play, pretending, and toys, were investigated with a primary focus on age differences. Interview responses were obtained from 80 5-, 7-, 9-, and 11-year-old children, 20 from


Objective: To determine whether community-level adverse social determinants of health are associated with increased risk of pregestational and gestational diabetes (DM, GDM).
 Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis from the prospective cohort Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-To-Be. We evaluated three community-level exposures using home addresses geocoded at the census-tract level: 1) socioeconomic disadvantage by 2015 Area Deprivation Index (ADI); 2) food insecurity by USDA Food Access Research Atlas; and 3) walkability by EPA National Walkability Score. The outcomes were DM and GDM.
 Results: Of 9,155 assessed individuals, 33.6% were in the highest tertile (T3) of ADI, 24.4% lived in a food-insecure community, and 33.7% lived in a less walkable neighborhood; 1.5% (n=137) had DM and 4.2% (n=380) developed GDM. Individuals living in a community in the highest tertile of ADI were more likely to have DM (aOR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.48, 4.18) and GDM (aOR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.97). Individuals living in a food-insecure community (aOR: 1.49; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.89) and living in a less walkable neighborhood (aOR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.62) were more likely to have GDM, but not DM.
 Conclusions: Multiple measures of community-level adverse social determinants of health were associated with an increased risk of developing GDM. Only socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with DM.

 C.P.Field: None. W.Grobman: None. J.Wu: None. C.Lynch: None. K.K.Venkatesh: None.

 Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development


Objectives To study the surgical procedures, myocardial protection and postoperative complication in heart transplantation. Methods The clinical data of 6 cases of orthotopic homologous heart transplantation were analyzed and summarized.Results All the 6 patients were male with the mean age 42 years old. The standard technique, doubie cavity method and total heart method were performed on 4 cases, 1 case and 1 cases respectively. The heat ischemic time of the donor heart was ( 10.5 ± 1.8 )min and cold ischemic time was (49± 14.7 )min. The survival time of the 6 cases was 8 years, 7 years, 5 years, 3.5 years, 2 years and 0.5 years respectively. Conclusions The success of heart transplantation was contributed to the fully preoperative preparation, suitable operative procedures, better myocardial protection and prevention and treatment of right heart failure in the early stage of postoperation.


1. Allies of a Kind, 1945-55 2. Suez Schism, 1956 3. Power Transferred? 1956-60 4. Conflict and Co-operation, 1961-71 5. To Intervene or not to Intervene: The Arab-Israeli dispute, 1967-73


This synthesis will be of interest to state Department of Transportation (DOT) contract officers, program managers, and construction engineers. It will also be of interest to computer specialists and construction contractors interfacing with the state DOTs using electronic media processes. It describes the current state of the practice for submittal of bid proposals in electronic format. This report of the Transportation Research Board presents a brief introduction to the history of electronic data interchange (EDI), its relation to electronic bidding, and current applications in the transportation construction industry. The results of a literature review, surveys of state DOTs and highway contractors, and interviews with industry experts and government agencies on the use of electronic bidding for highway projects are presented. Potential benefits and concerns, plus other issues related to the full implementation of electronic bidding in DOTs, are also presented. In addition, reported common plans for near future implementation of EDI technology to electronic bidding system processes for transportation construction projects are included.


Monitoring tool wear conditions and estimating tool lives are crucial for automatic metal cutting manufacturing processes. Accurate estimation of tool wear status can optimize tool usage and tool replacement, which in turn leads to improvement of product quality and reduction of downtime and costs. Various methods have been proposed to evaluate tool wear conditions using multiple sensory signals during the cutting process. However, because the signal-to-noise ratio is extremely low in the machining process, the accuracy of tool wear evaluation still needs to be improved. In this paper, machine learning methods were explored to estimate the tool wear conditions based on the experimental data provided by the 2010 PHM society conference data challenge. A self-organizing map was designed to identify the tool wear conditions into 16 levels. According to the correlation coefficients between sensory datasets and the tool wear levels, 14 features were selected for tool wear estimation. A feedforward backprop neural network and a support vector machine with the fine Gaussian kernel were constructed for tool wear estimation. The testing results showed that the root mean square for neural network model was 0.9866 and for the support vector model was 1.4985.


Environmental aspects are gradually becoming factors of importance for construction businesses, their operations and their management. These factors can be seen as new change makers for construction management itself. New criteria need to be taken into account when structuring construction activities, in decision making, and throughout the production control. Instances of construction management solutions that also encapsulate environmental aspects are likely to appear. A contractor's environmental management system (EMS) is an example of such an instance. As a management solution an EMS is targeted at minimizing a contractor's environmental impacts. An experiment has been carried out where an EMS solution was formed and tested for small and medium-sized contractors. Fifteen small and medium-sized construction companies were involved. Along with the action research approach, a set of workshops with company people were arranged for EMS structuring and for its testing. Within these experiments the researcher acted as a developer and inside observer. The proposed EMS solution presents the structuring of environmental aspects for management attention. Moreover, this structuring can be used as a basis for a formal environmentally conscious management system. All companies involved in the research have started to use the EMS solution or its parts.


Objective: BRAF mutation is detected in 50–70% of melanomas. The molecular methods used to detect BRAF mutations are 80–90% sensitive, specific, and expensive methods. Immunohistochemistry is a relatively common, rapid, relatively inexpensive method in pathology practice compared to molecular techniques. Aims: We aimed to compare immunohistochemical and molecular methods in our case of malign melanoma in which we investigated BRAF mutation with "real time PCR" method and to investigate the compatibility of molecular test results of BRAF immunohistochemistry results as a preliminary test. Methods: Selected blocks of 30 patients with metastatic melanoma who came to our department for BRAF mutation detection were subjected to real time PCR molecular method and immunohistochemical study was performed with BRAF primer antibody. Results: BRAF mutation was detected by molecular method in 7 of 30 cases (23.33%). Conclusion: In all of these 7 cases, positive immunohistochemical staining was identified (100%). In conclusion, the use of BRAF immunohistochemistry as a screening test in the detection of mutant disease will allow the cost-effective use of molecular testing.


The development of the region is one of the most important tasks of state policy, because the welfare of its residents depends on how well the region is developed. The potential of the systemic development of the region is the ability of the region to independent and sustainable development. Managing the potential of the systemic development of the region is a complex process that is carried out with the involvement of various methods and tools. The systemic development of the region is a set of measures aimed at improving the economic, social and cultural development of the territory. This approach to the development of the region involves the integration of various sectors of the economy and social sphere, taking into account the interests of all stakeholders and coordinating the actions of all participants. In general, the systemic development of the region is a key tool for achieving sustainable development of the territory. It allows integrating various sectors of the economy and social sphere, taking into account the interests of all participants and creating conditions for increasing profits and improving the quality of life of the population. It is important to understand that the systemic development of the region is a set of measures that must be applied in a complex in order to achieve maximum success.


A simple quantitative method to measure the degree of silanization was developed, based on the reaction of ninhydrin with the silanization reagent (3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-APTES). At low concentrations (0.001-0.005%, v/v) of 3-APTES, a good linearity was obtained when 3-APTES reacted with undiluted ninhydrin for 30 min. On the other hand, at high levels of 3-APTES, a linearity was obtained when 3-APTES reacted with 3-fold diluted ninhydrin for 20 min. The reliability of regression curves mentioned above was expressed as a regression coefficient (R 2 ) of more than 0.99. Immobilization of different enzymes was introduced via silanization by using the 3-APTES in order to confirm the validity of the ninhydrin method. When yields for each step in the immobilization process were compared, yields of both glutaraldehyde and protein were found to have the same tendency to silanization. These results show that the ninhydrin method was suitable for quantitative analysis of silanization and that yields of immobilization could be preestimated by measuring silanization levels using the ninhydrin method.


Thank you very much for downloading scandal and silence media responses to presidential misconduct. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look numerous times for their chosen books like this scandal and silence media responses to presidential misconduct, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their desktop computer.


Japan and Romania seem to have totally different cultures. There are thousands of kilometres between these two countries and the common characteristics and features may not be found very easily. The number of the Romanian people that live in Japan and the number of the Japanese people that live in Romania are pretty fractionally and thus, cultural exchanges between the two nations cannot be developed at an impressive level. Therefore, customs, traditions, rites, rituals or even vocabulary and phrases cannot be borrowed. But as yin and yang are present everywhere, in order to discover where "the balance" is, we could make a research regarding the cultural differences between two nations. I've thought that a good starting point might be the differences and similarities between Japanese and Romanian proverbs, since in their wisdom we can certainly find a lot of information about the Japanese man and the Romanian one, therefore, about the cultures and the mentalities of these two nations.


The collectivization of the peasants in the USSR constituted a social upheaval of a totally unprecedented nature. It was one of the most remarkable events of the present century and it has a history as long as that of Soviet power itself. The idea of a collectivized agriculture, much favoured by the leadership after the revolution, had been left in abeyance during the NEP period. Interest in the idea, and in the collective movement, revived at the time of the grain crisis at the beginning of 1928. It was during this crisis that collectivization of the peasantry and the creation of a powerful kolkhoz and sovkhoz sector began to be taken seriously as a means of solving, at one and the same time, both the formidable problem of grain and the whole accursed problem of relations between the Soviet authorities and the peasants.


Based on the design process of linear variable differential transformer(LVDT), the expert design system of LVDT is put forward. Then according to the actual process, this system is divided into three parts:parameter design, simulation and 3-D modeling. Finally, the structure, function and realization of this system are discussed.


There are many practical situations where subjects can experience recurrence of an event, the event has non-negligible duration, and both the rate of the event occurrences and the accumulative event duration are of particular interest. Well-developed methods for recurrent events analysis do not take into account the event duration, which could lead to undesirable inferences in the situations. Motivated partly by the research project with BC Cancer Agency to evaluate the hospital utilization of young cancer survivors, we develop a method to analyze recurrent event data with adjustment for event duration. Our methodology can be viewed as an extension of the well-established approaches for recurrent events. We also propose an approach to fitting semiparametric models for a general response process, which includes counting process as a special case. Data from the cancer project are used throughout the thesis to illustrate our formulation and approaches.


This paper argues that naming has always been a serious activity among the Shona of Zimbabwe. The people have always used names not only to express their emotions, but have also used place names or toponyms to explain cultural activities and describe the natural and physical environment surrounding them. In an effort to bring out this interesting facet of the Shona naming practice, the researchers embarked on research covering Manicaland, Masvingo and the Midlands provinces. The paper concludes by arguing that place names are valuable not only to historians and anthropologists, but also to economic and physical geographers in the realm of what is called cultural geography today. It is also a wake-up call for researchers in different areas to use multidisciplinary approaches to their studies.


Symlets and Coiflets wavelet bases are selected by analyzing the nature of wavelet functions.Under the same conditions,the simulated PD signal is analyzed by wavelet transform.The results of simulation show that the Symlets wavelet basis is more suitable for the analysis of the PD signals and can get better results.At the same time,the research on the wavelet basis has laid a good foundation for the next PD signal feature extraction and processing work.


The hybrid integration of several electrical and optical chips on a common substrate is an important technology for merging highly functional optoelectronic modules. To fabricate such a hybrid compact optoelectronic module, it is essential to develop a multiple flip-chip assembly technique on a common substrate. In this study, four Si chips were flip-chip bonded successively on a common substrate using electroplated AuSn solder bumps. However the high thermal conductivity of the substrate and a multiple reflow process could make solder bumps formed on the substrate tend to be damaged by neighboring ones significantly during several repeated bonding steps. As a result, it is difficult to perform an interconnection that shows high bonding strength. This paper will discuss the correlation between the successive multiple flip-chip assembly and after-bonding characteristics such as die shear strength, microstructures of remelted joints between AuSn solder bumps and chip pads. In addition, we try to suggest a new bonding condition through a thermal simulation (ANSYS TM).


Based on the analysis of the presence of radiation hazardous facilities in the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation, the problem of ensuring environmental safety in connection with the disposal of spent nuclear fuel of nuclear icebreakers is considered. Due to the growing number of Russian nuclear icebreakers in the Arctic, the specifics of their use, storage conditions for accumulating radioactive waste on ships serving them, there is a risk of accidents during loading and unloading operations with spent nuclear fuel. A hypothetical model of an accident with the depressurization of a container with solid radioactive waste is considered, and recommendations are given on the organization of radiation reconnaissance and ensuring the safety of personnel of EMERCOM of Russia participating in the elimination of the consequences of radiation pollution, attention is paid to the specifics of decontamination.


Silicone rubber is used for a wide variety of biomedical and industrial applications due to its good mechanical properties, combined with a hydrophobic surface. Frequently, however, it is desirable to alter the surface hydrophobicity of silicone rubber. Often this is done by plasma treatments but the effects are usually transient. In this study, surfaces of medical grade silicone rubber have been repeatedly modified by means of oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, and ammonia RF plasma treatments with a 24 h time interval in between treatments. Treated samples were stored in air, prior to surface characterization by water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), streaming potential measurements and profilometry for surface roughness. The carbon percentage of the surfaces decreased after plasma treatment while the silicon and oxygen percentages increased irrespective of the plasma used. The formation of Si-0-Si bridges between siloxane chains after plasma treatment was demonstrated by the appearance of a new component in the Si2P peak but the degree to which this occurred differed per gas. Streaming potential measurements in a 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer indicated a more negatively charged surface for treated samples compared to untreated samples (-23.3 mV at pH 7.0). Surface roughness increased slightly for repeatedly plasma treated samples from RA= 0.35 �tm to RA= 0.46 �tm while scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of several "cracks" spanning the surface after repeated treatment. Argon, carbon dioxide and ammonia plasmas significantly reduced the advancing water contact angle from 115° to 58°, 72°, and 85°, respectively, on a more permanent basis (especially when the treatments were repeated after recovery). Oxygen plasma effects on water contact angles generally disappeared within 5 h, also after repeated treatment.


Interviewee is Ms Margaret Gildea, former student of University of Limerick in Administration Studies, Class of 1972. Interview transcript and audio clips. Interview conducted on 6th December 2011 by Dr. Catherine O'Connor.


Background Osteoarthritis (OA) can lead to joint failure and ultimately total joint replacement (TJR). Identifying risk-factors of developing joint failure is of interest for clinicians and researchers. Currently late-stage clinical trial design for evaluating new treatments in OA is evolving with the possible utilization of accelerated approval pathways. This may require outcome studies with longer duration, in which joint failures may qualify as an endpoint. However, TJRs are relatively rare events and are known to be biased by doctor/patient interactions as well as local practice guidelines, and consequently, there is a need for objective non-invasive measures, such as soluble biomarkers (BM), to enrich the population for this outcome. BM may act as important tools in investigating the association between biochemical/pathological processes and risk of joint failure. Degradation of collagens type I and II are known to be involved in OA disease progression, and the biomarkers CTX-I (C-telopeptide of crosslinked collagen type I), a marker of bone degradation, and CTX-II (C-telopeptide of crosslinked collagen type II), a marker of cartilage degradation, may reflect disease progression with clinical relevance for the risk of joint failure. Objectives To evaluate baseline (BL) BM sCTX-I and uCTX-II as predictors of TJR. Methods Data from two clinical trials investigating oral salmon calcitonin (SMC) in OA, NCT00486434 and NCT00704847, was analyzed post-hoc. Data was dichotomized by the bottom and top quartile of the respective BM concentration at BL to compare the number TJRs of the knee or hip in groups with high vs. low sCTX-I or uCTX-II, respectively. For means of visualization, plotted in Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox Proportional Hazard Regression was performed to determine the association of BL sCTX-I and uCTX-II to the incidence of TJR while adjusting for co-variates; age, BMI, and gender. Data from both treatment groups were analyzed. Only the first reported incident was included in the analysis for each subject. Results A total of 68 TJRs of knee or hip were reported, of which 49 were knees and 18 were hips. One patient underwent two TJRs, resulting in 67 subjects with events. Results from the Cox Proportional Hazard Regression adjusted for covariates of age, BMI, and sex (table 1), indicate that high BL sCTX-I compared to low was associated with a 3.4 times higher risk of undergoing an arthroplasty of the knee or hip within a two-year period (p=0.04). High BL uCTX-II compared to low was associated with a 3.1 times higher risk of undergoing a TJR of the knee or hip during the study period (p=0.04), and an 8.9-fold increased risk of undergoing a knee replacement during the study period (p=0.02). TJR events over time in groups of high or low uCTX-II through the study are illustrated in figure 1.Abstract THU0419 –Table 1 Cox Proportional Hazards Regression analysis Group Low CTX-I N = 336, high CTX-I N = 340 Low CTX-II N = 318, high CTX-II N = 322 HR top vs. bottom quartile 95% CI P-value HR top vs. bottom quartile 95% CI P-value Knee or hip replacement(Cases: CTX-I = 23, CTX-II = 27) 3.40 1.05-11.06 0.042 3.08 1.04-9.10 0.043 Knee replacement(Cases: CTX-I = 16, CTX-II = 19) 2.72 0.70-10.57 0.15 8.94 1.50-53.48 0.017Abstract THU0419 – Figure 1 TJR events during the entire study, CTX-II. Conclusion High levels of sCTX-I and uCTX-II at BL were associated with increased risk of undergoing TJR of the knee or hip during the two year study. Our findings support the role of sCTX-I and uCTX-II as important biomarkers in clinical OA trials evaluating incidence of TJRs. Disclosure of Interests Jonathan Bjerre-Bastos Employee of: I am a full-time employee in Nordic Bioscience, Anne-Christine Bay-Jensen Shareholder of: I own shares of Nordic Bioscience, Employee of: I am a full-time employee in Nordic Bioscience, Morten Karsdal Shareholder of: I own shares of Nordic Bioscience, Employee of: I am a full-time employee in Nordic Bioscience, Inger Byrjalsen Employee of: I am a full-time employee in Nordic Bioscience, Jeppe Ragnar Andersen Shareholder of: Nordic Bioscience, Employee of: Nordic Bioscience, Bente Juel Riis Shareholder of: Yes, I own shares in Nordic Bioscience, Employee of: I am a full-time employee in Nordic Bioscience, Claus Christiansen Shareholder of: Yes, I own shares in Nordic Bioscience, Employee of: I am a full-time employee in Nordic Bioscience, Asger Reinstrup Bihlet Shareholder of: Yes, I own shares in Nordic Bioscience., Employee of: I am a full-time employee in Nordic Bioscience


Revisiting work such as Edward Soja's Postmetropolis reminds us of the importance of a geographical perspective, as well as a thoroughly process oriented and dynamic consideration of the urban. Soja's work emphasizes multi-scalar processes that work to produce urbanization, and the complex, fragmented, and unequal spaces that result. Attention to spatial process and justice is essential, but is incomplete without consideration and real attention to the material and geographically embedded experiences of place that manifest urbanization in everyday life.


One notable feature of the reform programme sponsored by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has been the expansion of social organizations. With greater social space created by the reforms and with the state unable or unwilling to carry the same wide range of services and functions as before, organizations with varying degrees of autonomy from the party-state structures have been set up. They have been allowed or have created an increased organizational sphere and social space in which to operate and to represent social interests, and to convey those interests into the policy-making process. They not only liaise between state and society but also fulfil vital welfare functions that would otherwise go unserved.