The devastating earthquake on 28 July 2018 in Lombok and the COVID-19 pandemic have put high economic pressure on the community. It is not only the damage to economic infrastructure that stops business activities, but also very strict health protocols, especially social distancing and avoiding crowding that make business activities impossible. Trigona bee farm has been one of the productive activities to support the family economy for the people of North Lombok since decades ago. During the Covid-19 pandemic, which has been running for almost 10 months, the activities of Original Research Article Kholil et al.; AJRAF, 7(1): 1-9, 2021; Article no.AJRAF.62954 2 Trigona beekeeping are still running; in fact, the demand has actually increased. This research aims to develop the best strategy to make business scale of Trigona honey and community income increase, using the SAST (Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing) method and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The results showed that the demand for trigona honey during the pandemic has actually increased, because this honey has a very complete nutritional content, which can be used to increase immunity against of COVID-19. There are three main problems that were faced by the trigona bee farmers to develop their business: Trigona seeds, cultivation technology, and business management. The best strategy to increase their business and income is cultivation system technology and providing added value.


This article explores contemporary thrift. To date scholarly attempts to define thrift are always focused on consumption, centring upon household finances and how thrift revolves around the peaks and troughs of spending and saving. In this article the author argues that this financial focus ignores the myriad of thrifty practices which occur beyond the point of purchase but which are no less central to thrift. Instead, the author suggests that contemporary thrift occurs within a continuum of motivations which extend far beyond the practice of shopping, and overspill the categories of consumption and production: the extreme points of which are financial necessity, conscience and enjoyment. Three particular empirical moments of household activity – shopping, cooking and repair and making – are used to illustrate how these motivations to be thrifty overlap, compete and interweave. In doing so, the author contends that thrift is about value and how value is perceived, produced and released through different contexts, motivations and activities. This article adds to the growing body of scholarly work on the sociology of everyday life, illustrating how thrift encompasses a broad range of activities which are part of the intricacies and intimacies of getting by and getting on in everyday life.


Summary

1. Toxic compounds produced by many phytoplankton taxa are known to have negative effects on competitors (allelopathy), anti-predatory effects on grazers (mortality or impaired reproduction) or both. Although mixotrophs of the genus Ochromonas are known to be toxic to zooplankton, it has often been assumed in studies of plankton community processes that all flagellates in the size range of this taxon are edible to typical zooplankton grazers (i.e. cells ≤30 μm for Daphnia, ≤6 μm for rotifers).

2. We explored the toxicity of a species of Ochromonas to other planktonic taxa, including its competitors (two species of phytoplankton and protists) and consumers (two species of zooplankton). To test if mode of nutrition by this mixotroph influences its toxicity to other taxa, we exposed each test species to Ochromonas cultured in chemostats under four different nutritional regimes: osmotrophy (labile dissolved organic carbon) and phagotrophy (bacterial prey) in both light and dark conditions (i.e. with or without photosynthesis).

3. Filtrate from osmotrophically fed Ochromonas had a significant negative effect on the population growth rate of two obligate phototrophic phytoplankton, Cryptomonasozolini and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The protists Tetrahymena tetrahymena and Paramecium aurelia were also negatively affected by Ochromonas filtrate. Ochromonas cells were toxic to both the rotifer Brachionus calicyflorus and the cladoceran Daphnia pulicaria, with the toxic effects significantly more severe when fed at high cell densities (75 000 cells mL−1) than at low densities (7500 cells mL−1). Ochromonas cultured osmotrophically in the light was more toxic to the Daphnia than cells cultured under other conditions. In contrast, Ochromonas from all nutritional conditions was equally highly toxic to Brachionus.

4. Our findings support the view that Ochromonas can be toxic to other components of the food web with which it interacts. It is especially toxic to zooplankton that directly consume it, although the effect depends upon Ochromonas cell density and whether or not a good food source is simultaneously present. Our results call into question the common practice of pooling flagellates into a single 'functional group' included in an 'edible phytoplankton' category of cells <30 μm in diameter.


Abstract : This Directory represents the start of a research program directed towards the creation of a human abilities matrix which cross-references data on real world jobs, laboratory performance tasks, and human performance models. The matrix will use the abilities requirements approach of Fleishman & Quaintance (1984) as the unifying element among these three dimensions. The present effort compiles and cross-references information on computer-based performance assessment batteries and models/theories of human performance. Data from ten batteries, one hundred twenty-three tasks, and seven models have been included. For the performance batteries, this information includes availability/ acquisition details as well as computer hardware and software characteristics. This document, then, enables researchers to quickly access such data as well as to ascertain those areas in which a paucity of data exists. Keywords: Human Performance, Performance, Assessment, Batteries, Theory, Models.


This paper proposes a stochastic SIVS epidemic system with nonlinear saturated infection rate under vaccination and investigates the dynamics predicted by the model. By using Ito's formula and Lyapunov methods, we first study the existence and uniqueness of global positive solution. Then we investigate the stochastic dynamics of the system and obtain the thresholds which govern the extinction and the spread of the epidemic disease. Results show that large stochastic noises can lead to the extinction of epidemic diseases; that is, stochastic disturbances can suppress the outbreak of epidemic diseases. Finally, we carry out a series of numerical simulations to demonstrate the performance of our theoretical findings.


1 in 20 Canadians meet the criteria of an anxiety disorder, with social anxiety disorder being the most commonly occurring form (Government of Canada, 2006). As such, research is needed to help adolescents understand social anxiety (SA). The purpose of this study is to explore how adolescents use young adult literature (YAL) to understand SA. This study will address two questions: 1) how do adolescents with SA identify with the characters and experiences of SA portrayed in YAL? 2) How does the representation of socially anxious characters in YAL affect participants


Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and carries a very poor prognosis. Recent data report a negative association between the incidence of GBM and atopic disease. The underlying immunologic mechanisms of protection and the associated potential biomarkers are unclear. The aim of this retrospective study is to assess the relationship of eosinophil count to GBM risk by collecting eosinophil count in GBM patients with and without existing atopic disease.

 This is a retrospective study of 790 patients diagnosed with GBM from 2009–2019. Of those patients, 140 had laboratory values at least one year prior to diagnosis. Chart review was used to exclude patients with lymphoma, leukemia, other cancers, myelodysplastic syndromes, and unconfirmed drug, food, and adhesive reactions. 14 patients with chart-confirmed allergic rhinitis, asthma, or eczema and 47 controls were found. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the two groups.

 The two groups did not differ in pre-diagnostic eosinophil counts (p=0.426). The two groups also did not differ in pre-diagnostic basophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil, or monocyte counts. Pre-diagnostic eosinophil to lymphocyte, monocyte to lymphocyte, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratios also did not differ between the two groups. There were no other quantitative differences that would suggest a difference in immune cell profile.

 In our study, the subset of GBM patients with atopic disease did not significantly differ in eosinophil count or other white blood cell subtypes when compared to GBM patients without atopic disease. Given that atopic disease is a known protective factor, and our atopic patients with GBM had normal eosinophil counts, we conclude that underlying immunologic factors such as eosinophilia may be protective from GBM as opposed to simply the presence of atopic disease. Prospective analysis to best understand eosinophil count as a surrogate for GBM risk is warranted.


The observations of spatiotemporal distribution of seismicity in western Canada indicate that the occurrence of earthquakes is tied to the hydraulic fracturing operations and disposal of coproduced wastewater. In this study, we investigate the temporal changes in the frequency‐magnitude distributions for multiple clusters of induced events in regions where the level of background seismicity is low. The induced events are clustered into six major groups using density‐based spatial and soft clustering algorithms based on their epicenters. Each cluster is identified by different distributions of earthquake magnitudes and injection scenarios. The linear relationship between the number of induced earthquakes and cumulative injection volume enables us, on a regional scale, to quantitatively characterize the seismotectonic conditions of the clusters using the estimates of the seismogenic indices. The seismogenic index provides a means to estimate the occurrence probability of earthquakes with a given magnitude induced during injection. The calculated seismogenic indices agree very well with the expected seismic response to hydraulic fracturing and wastewater disposal and show a strong correlation with tectonically accumulated strain energy. Statistical models based on the seismogenic index can be employed to mitigate the potential risk of large magnitude induced events.


COSTA and Junqueira 1 recently summarized the literature on traumatic marginal alopecia, which, according to their observations and those of Ribeiro, 2 occurs almost exclusively in Negro and mulatto women. They pointed out the similarity between this condition and alopecia liminaris frontalis as described by Sabouraud 3 and expressed the opinion that both conditions are caused by stretching the hair in tight braids or "buns" and, especially in the case of Negro women, by efforts to straighten kinky hair. Folliculitis frequently results from this constant traction, and, with or without folliculitis, atrophic changes of the follicles gradually develop and lead to permanent alopecia. In the cases described by Ribeiro and by Costa and Junqueira the alopecia occurred in triangular areas involving the temples, with the apex pointing downward in front of the ears. Inasmuch as the previously reported cases of this entity occurred exclusively in Negro or


A self-propelled mining underwater robot, named MineRo TM was developed in 2007, which is consists of tracked vehicle, hybrid nodule pick-up device, electro-hydraulic assemblage, sensors, electric-electronic units for control and monitoring, and control station onboard, etc. In 2009 and 2010, shallow water tests around 100m depth have been executed for the purpose of evaluations of collecting, lifting and driving performance. Particularly, the test of 2010 was planned path tracking control at an inshore site near harbor, Hupo in the East Sea of South Korea. Here, tests of four-topic, track velocity control of driving system, verification of the proposed underwater navigation, turning property for various steering rate, and path tracking control have been performed for 3 weeks stage by stage. For operating and supporting the mining robot, DP vessel(8,500 ton) which is equipped with A-frame and winch system for umbilical cable was used as surface unit. This paper introduces about the overall contents of path tracking control test.


Objective
To observe the long-term efficacy of intravitreal injection of Conbercept before trabeculectomy combined with panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in the treatment of neovascular glaucoma (NVG).

Methods
The data of 30 eyes of 30 NVG patients from Jan.2014 to Dec.2014 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. All cases were treated with intravitreal injection of Conbercerpt. After neovessels of iris disappeared, they underwent trabeculectomy combined with PRP. The follow-up time was 30 months. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure, iris neovascular vessels and complications were observed after operation.

Results
Iris neovascular vessels disappeared in 27 eyes (90.00%) after 3-7 days intravitreal injection of Conbercerpt. Iris neovascular vessels reduced significantly in 3 eyes 3 days after injection and disappeared 10 days after injection. The IOP after treatment decreased significantly from (41.23 ±8.96) mmHg to (15.23±2.91) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The IOP was controlled successfully in 26 eyes (86.67%), partly controlled in 4 eyes (13.33%). The best corrected visual acuity improved in 3 eyes (10.00%), no changed in 25 eyes (83.33%)and decreased in 2 eyes (6.67%). No complication related with the intravitreal injection appeared. Hyphema occurred during trabeculectomy in 4 eyes (13.33%), no shallow anterior chamber or vitreous hemorrhage happened after trabeculectomy.

Conclusion
Intravitreal injection of Conbercept before trabeculectomy combined with PRP postoperatively is safe and effective for NVG.The surgery can control IOP for a long time with high success rate.

Key words:
Glaucoma, neovascular; Trabeculectomy; Conbercept, intravitreal injection; Photocoagulation, panretinal


Soft-pile floor coverings, offering functional, decorative and psychological values, are constructed by different methods and are available in many surface styles and fibers. Rugs are available in specific standard sizes such as 9' x 12', 12' x 15' etc., and are bound or &dquo;finished-off&dquo; around the entire perimeter. A carpet is cut from a roll of broadloom, of standard width, in whatever length may be needed. Both a carpet and a rug can be &dquo;broadloom,&dquo; since the term has no reference to a type of weave (as many people mistakenly think). It simply means that the soft-pile fibers are woven on a broad or wide (more than 6-feet wide) loom.


In hte current CTCS-2 train control system,the track circuit is an important part of the train control system ground equipment,which not only used to detect the train tracks are occupied or not and it integrity,but also to provide a continuous information of free number of block section for the train.Therefore,the correct analysis of train control system vehicle for circuit board information is critical to ensure the safe operation of trains.This paper proposes a track circuit decoding test module,presents the module function detail and designed the software based on the module.


Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) is a rare early‐onset form of dementia, typically due to Alzheimer's disease (PCA‐AD) characterised by predominant deficits of higher‐order visual functions, with relatively preserved memory, verbal fluency and insight with respect to typical, amnestic AD (tAD). A prior genetic study by Schott et al. (2016) investigated genetic risk factors for PCA‐AD in comparison to healthy controls; it also compared the magnitude of effect of known tAD risk loci in PCA. However, little is known about whether the difference between PCA‐AD and tAD is modulated by genetic factors outside the established tAD risk loci. Here we present the first large‐scale genetic study directly comparing PCA‐AD and tAD, in order to identify novel genetic variants driving the difference between these two syndromic variants.


With the gradual maturity of autonomous driving and automatic parking technology, electric vehicle charging is moving towards automation. The charging port (CP) location is an important basis for realizing automatic charging. Existing CP identification algorithms are only suitable for a single vehicle model with poor universality. Therefore, this paper proposes a set of methods that can identify the CPs of various vehicle types. The recognition process is divided into a rough positioning stage (RPS) and a precise positioning stage (PPS). In this study, the data sets corresponding to four types of vehicle CPs under different environments are established. In the RPS, the characteristic information of the CP is obtained based on the combination of convolutional block attention module (CBAM) and YOLOV7-tinp, and its position information is calculated using the similar projection relationship. For the PPS, this paper proposes a data enhancement method based on similar feature location to determine the label category (SFLDLC). The CBAM-YOLOV7-tinp is used to identify the feature location information, and the cluster template matching algorithm (CTMA) is used to obtain the accurate feature location and tag type, and the EPnP algorithm is used to calculate the location and posture (LP) information. The results of the LP solution are used to provide the position coordinates of the CP relative to the robot base. Finally, the AUBO-i10 robot is used to complete the experimental test. The corresponding results show that the average positioning errors (x, y, z, rx, ry, and rz) of the CP are 0.64 mm, 0.88 mm, 1.24 mm, 1.19 degrees, 1.00 degrees, and 0.57 degrees, respectively, and the integrated insertion success rate is 94.25%. Therefore, the algorithm proposed in this paper can efficiently and accurately identify and locate various types of CP and meet the actual plugging requirements.


We studied the anisotropy of the critical magnetic fields of thin columnar vanadium films. The position of the secondary maximum on the H/sub c/(C) curve changed according to the conditions under which the films were grown. It was found that impurities as well as the structure of the films were responsible for the anomalous behavior of H/sub c/(C). The effect is discussed within the framework of a model in which the impurity concentration in the superconductor experiences periodic modulation due to the columnar structure of the specimens.


In this regard, the Pathways for Peace document points out that climate change, especially related to droughts, food insecurity and migration, contributes to increasing tensions that can cause violent conflict (World Bank-UN 2017:11). Going deeper into this argument and based on the review of 44 quantitative and qualitative studies examining this issue in East Africa, Mobjörk et al. identify five factors or pathways related to climate risks and, specifically, those related to climate change that increase the possibility of violent conflict. These factors, which are generally present at the same time, are related to: deteriorating livelihood conditions; increased migration; changes in pastoral mobility patterns; and, elites' exploitation of local grievances, often related to the disputes among local political interests and armed groups' tactical considerations (Mobjörk et al, 2016:1720).


This paper intends to reflect on death from four different points of view: common sense, tanatology, religion and philosophy. Each of these fields addresses death in a specific way, as I have tried to show through each bibliographic corpus established for this work. Among these perspectives, it is common sense which has established a prevailing vision on death in contemporary societies. Therefore, common sense on death tends to remain unquestioned ideas. This research explores alternative ways to think about death, trying to question the common principles attributed to the subject. Death needs to and can be thought as a structured philosophical doctrine that overcomes common sense. Finally, the goal of this investigation is to reflect about death from life's perspective.


The adoption of rare, traditional crops represents a good example of enhancing functional agrobiodiversity, not only to provide benefits for farmers but also for society as a whole. The study outlined in this paper aims to verify how and under local social-ecological conditions the combination of organic cereal farming and growing of durum wheat landraces can be profitably applied. Focusing on Sicily as one of the most developed cereal systems existing in southern Italy, the study deployed a comparison between data from the regional dataset by the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and the data provided by the Association of farmers called Simenza. Thereafter, we used a System Dynamics Approach (SDA) for a better understanding of the main drivers which will most likely affect the profitability of the system in the medium and long term. The results clearly demonstrated how the durum wheat organic system under investigation might still develop under the push of an increasing relative economic advantage between standard varieties and landraces.


The invention relates to the technical field of quantitative determination on mixed gas components through an infrared spectroscopy method, and particularly discloses a quantitative determination method of diborane in diborane mixed gas. The method comprises the steps that by means of the infrared spectroscopy method, the scan range is 400-4,000 cm , the resolution is 4 cm , and an infrared spectrum of a blank sample is set to a background; infrared spectroscopy scanning is conducted on standard diborane mixed gas of which the diborane concentration is smaller than or equal to 5 wt%, and a standard curve is drawn according to the peak area of an infrared characteristic adsorption peak, ranging from 2,295.36 cm to 2,342.12 cm , of diborane; under the same test condition, a diborane mixed gas sample of which the diborane concentration is smaller than or equal to 5 wt% is measured, and the diborane concentration in the sample gas is calculated according to the relationship that the peak area of the infrared characteristic adsorption peak is in direct proportion to the content of diborane. By means of the quantitative determination method of the diborane in diborane mixed gas, the diborane concentration in the diborane mixed gas can be rapidly and accurately determined, the test cost is low, operation is convenient, and the efficiency is high.


This paper describes a Geriatric Reinforcer Survey (GRS) which expands upon a previous Reinforcement Survey Schedule (RSS) developed by Cautela and Kastenbaum (1967). The GRS, an instrument designed to quickly assess reinforcer preference in geriatric populations, has two formats, one for individuals over 65 years of age who are still able to comprehend and write, and one designed to be filled out by relatives and staff familiar with an individual over 65 years of age who can no longer comprehend or write well. Reinforcer preference was determined by giving the GRS to a total of 107 geriatric persons in both home and institutional settings. Test-retest reliability was assessed on a subsample of 71 individuals over a 10-14-day period and was found to be rs = 0.608, p <0.01 using the Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient. This indicated that the GRS had reasonable test-retest reliability. The validity of having a relative or familiar staff person fill out the GRS for a specific individual was also tested. Results of 43 administrations of the GRS to relatives of a geriatric person, using the Spearman Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient, showed a correlation of rs = 0.488, p <0.01 when the responses of that person were compared to those of the individual. Results of 17 administrations of the GRS to staff familiar with a particular patient were rs = 0.436, p < 0.05 when compared to responses made by the individual. This indicates that the GRS might be useful in structuring interventions for individuals who are incapacitated, and groups of geriatric persons. The GRS also has the potential to be a valuable research tool.


Lasegue and Farlet described in 1877 a delusional condition called 'folie a deux' in which the delusions are transferred from a psychotic person to one or more people who have been in close association. This condition has also been called 'Communicated Insanity' and 'Psychosis of Association' (Sims, 1995). The earliest description of this disorder was given by William Harvey in 1651 who described a case of two sisters having delusional beliefs about pregnancy (Hunter and Macalpine, 1963). This disorder was further categorised into four sub-types by Gralnick (1942) as 1. Folie imposse, in which the delusions of the 'principal' is transferred to the 'recipient' who is not a mentally ill person 2. Folie communiquée, in which the recipient becomes deluded after resisting the false beliefs for a period of time 3. Folie simultanee, in which delusions develop simultaneously in two or more people at the same time 4. Folie induite, in which a psychotic person incorporates the delusions of the 'principal' into his own delusional system


We study the local homology of Artin groups using weighted discrete Morse theory. In all finite and affine cases, we are able to construct Morse matchings of a special type (we call them "precise matchings"). The existence of precise matchings implies that the homology has a square-free torsion. This property was known for Artin groups of finite type, but not in general for Artin groups of affine type. We also use the constructed matchings to compute the local homology in all exceptional cases, correcting some results in the literature.


This study examines the presence of Chinese students in U.S. universities and colleges. Due to the large number of Chinese students in the United States this research attempts to explore the reasons why so many Chinese students choose to study abroad and why the United States is their preferred destination. This population is a vital component of university life at many colleges and a much needed source of financial revenue. A total of 200 students completed a questionnaire yielding 87 usable responses. Specifically, the motivation behind Chinese students' reasons for attending college in the U.S is explored. The results indicate that Chinese students are seeking education with a world view and opt to break from the Chinese system of learning. Although choosing to study in the U.S. is an academic endeavor the reasons behind that choice is not solely for academics. This article seeks to offer academicians and university administrators a deeper understanding of the motivation of these Chinese students and contribute to the knowledge area extant on this population. Chiang-nan Chao & Niall Hegarty Driving Forces Which Enthuse the Continuous Growth of Chinese Students in U.S. Colleges 28 Journal of Academic Administration in Higher Education 29 Fall 2014 (Volume 10 Issue 2) REVIEW OF LITERATURE Education has been a high priority in China for thousands of years. On average, the country's high-net-worth individuals spend 170,000 yuan (about $27,000), to educate each of their children. This was the third-highest area of their spending, after travel and luxury goods. American businesses, management know-how, and capital have been flowing to China for the past 30 years, but it is education that reverses the tide. Studies show that an overwhelming majority of China's wealthiest want to send their children to foreign universities and the United States is their first choice. Ninety percent of the country's richest people have plans to send their children abroad to study, according to independent research by China's Industrial Bank Co. and the Hurun Report. Their Chinese Luxury Consumer White Paper (2012) reports that 9 of out of every 10 Chinese with assets of more than 100 million yuan ($16 million) plan to send their children abroad, while 85% of those with at least $1 million said they would send their children overseas for education. The first graduate from China may well have been Yung Wing, who had graduated from Yale in 1850. By 1880 there were 70 Japanese and 108 Chinese students studying in American universities, compared with a dozen Japanese and almost no Chinese in European universities (The Chinese-American Museum of Chicago, 1880). Noticeably, since then China has become the largest source of international student source for the U.S. schools in the recent years. Figure 1 shows the growth of the total number of students from China. For Chinese students in the 2010 to 2011 term, the top field of study was business/management, with engineering following close behind. The benefits of studying abroad are felt both by individuals and entire nations. For this reason educators and researchers are interested in the motives and reasons that encourage Chinese students to study in the U.S. For thousands of years, education has been placed as a top priority by Chinese families and with China's economic reforms during the past decade leading a growth in wealth and a shrinking family size (only one child per family) sending children to international universities has become less burdensome. Currently, more than 92% of these students have their studies funded privately, according to CGG's report (Wang, 2012). Meanwhile, many U.S. universities are facing an increasingly tough financial situation with a shortage of domestic students, a decrease in corporate support, and declines in government subsidies. In such a situation, Chinese students with money to spend may fill that financial gap (Joseph, 2012). Besides economic well being, many Chinese students decide to study abroad because they believe there is a better quality education in foreign countries. (Yan, 2012; Albrecht, Malagueno, Holland & Sanders, 2012). The growth in Chinese students may also reflect a confluence of factors. First, more Chinese citizens are completing college and thus eligible to apply to graduate school. Second, many U.S. schools are recruiting more aggressively overseas and marketing their programs to a wider talent pool. Word of mouth then fuels the trend. Once some students attend a program, they recommend it to friends back home. Many schools have set up their gateway offices in China, i.e. Columbia University and Ohio State University. The latter saw the applications from China to the university's Fisher College of Business jump 30% between the 2010 and 2011 academic years. Meanwhile, new specialized master's programs appeal to students, particularly those from China, eager to delve deeper into a single subject and gain a credential to compete with the growing population of educated young adults, without taking much time out of the workforce. As previously stated, perhaps the most incredible figure is that some 90% of China's mega-rich want their children to study in the US, according to one recent study, not to speak of the top leaders' children, including the Party Chief, Xi, whose daughter studies at Harvard University. (Korn, 2012; Ark et al 2008; Casiano, 2011; Foadi, 2006; Lee, 2012; and Fischer, 2012). When looking into the Chinese applicants' backgrounds, many schools find that Chinese applicants possess some outstanding characteristics. First, they are China's best students who are probably aware that if they attend universities in China, they may not able to go to the best universities in the world. For example, the recent QS ranking listed just 7 universities out of the top 100 that were situated within China and Hong Kong. Another recently published list from the Times of London has just 3 in the top 100. Even the best universities have been hit by scandals. Second, their parents are rich, and it may make more sense to aim for a U.S. colleges, rather than letting their children go through the highly competitive transition from high school to preferred universities in China where the road from secondary to post-secondary education involves the dreaded hurdle of the strenuous national university entrance examination. Unlike U.S. institutions that value candidates who present themselves as unique, their Chinese counterparts want students who excel on entrance exams that require years of rote learning and possess a strong grasp of math and science. Some critics say China's state-run education system—promoted as the hallmark of Communist meritocracy—are being overrun by bribery and cronyism. Such corruption has broadened the gulf between the privileged and non-privileged classes (Levin, 2012). Third, these young individuals are ambitious and many want to go to Ivy League schools, a symbol for those parents who raise their children successfully. Fourth, they desire to learn more about critical thinking, and very importantly, they want to be exposed to things aside from just test taking. (Mellman & Hilburn, 2012; Henze & Zhu, 2012; Taylor, 2012; and Zhang, 2012). The four leading English speaking destination countries—the U.S., the UK, Australia, and Canada—all witnessed sizable growth from 2002 to 2011. Figure 4 shows the total number of international students in these four countries in the 2010/11 school year. It is a surprise that the UK with about a fifth of the U.S. population, had 455,600 international students compared to the 723,277 Figure 4 The number of international students in the four leading English speaking destination countries, 2010/11 Source: Data from the National Center for Education Statistics, http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/ Open-Doors/Data/Special-Reports/Economic-Impact-ofInternational-Students Figure 3 Growth of Chinese Students Compared with the Total International Students in the U.S. 2005-2012 Source: Data from the National Center for Education Statistics, http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/ Open-Doors/Data/Special-Reports/Economic-Impact-ofInternational-Students Figure 1 Total number of Chinese Students Studying in the U.S., 2001-2012 Source: Data from the National Center for Education Statistics, http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/ Open-Doors/Data/Special-Reports/Economic-Impact-ofInternational-Students Figure 2 Rapid Growth of Chinese Students in the U.S. 2005-2012 Source: Data from the National Center for Education Statistics, http://www.iie.org/Research-and-Publications/ Open-Doors/Data/Special-Reports/Economic-Impact-ofInternational-Students Chiang-nan Chao & Niall Hegarty Driving Forces Which Enthuse the Continuous Growth of Chinese Students in U.S. Colleges 30 Journal of Academic Administration in Higher Education 31 Fall 2014 (Volume 10 Issue 2) international students studying in the U.S. that same school year. Despite the continued growth of international enrollments in U.S. schools, the country's share of globally mobile students has been steadily declining over the last decade, from the peak of 27% in 2002, to 20% in 2009, and a continued decline to 16.6% in 2010. Meanwhile, foreign students contributed more than $21.8 billion to the U.S. economy in the 2011/12 academic year, through living and educational expenses (NAFSA, 2012). Although the majority goes to the United States, other English-speaking countries such as Britain, Canada and Australia attract most of the rest. This has caused some concern for those in the U.S. who worry that the country might be losing its appeal among international students. Chinese students comprise 25.38% of all international students newly enrolled in American schools, or about one in every hundred American college students, which means that they and their families contribute more than $4 billion to the American economy, according to t


The availability of large digital computers has permitted more extensive computation of power system stability, a subject of increasingly greater importance. This paper suggests a common nomenclature and control system representation of the various excitation systems now available. It can be used to define input data requirements for computer programs, and can provide a consistent format in which manufacturers can respond to requests for excitation system data to be used for system studies.


A sensitive and quick method was developed to determine the presence of α-amylase in the gut of aquatic organisms, as well as its sensitivity to inhibitors. The assay is based on the utilization of Petri dishes filled with starch–agarose gel as a substrate for the enzyme solution, which is placed in small wells punched in the surface. Circular zones produced by the action of amylase remain colourless after staining with lugol. Pure commercial porcine amylase was used to fit the better conditions for developing the assay (1 g L–1 starch in the gels, 4 h of incubation). The diameter of the cleared zones were related to the activity of enzyme and the method detected linearly amylase activity in a range of 2–20 U well–1, so it was used to reveal the presence of amylase in digestive extracts obtained from different sparid fish. The method was also used to evaluate the effect produced by a specific inhibitor on fish amylases, showing a linear response when the ratio inhibitor:enzyme (in units) changed from 20:1 to 2:1. Comparison of the cleared zones produced by amylases of sparid fish in the presence or absence of inhibitor, revealed differences in their sensitivity to inhibition, which ranged from 15 to 50% of total activity. The assay is proposed for a preliminary evaluation of possible inhibitors contained in feedstuffs used in fish feeding.


The estimation of claims reserves is usually done by applying techniques called IBNR techniques within a stochastic framework. The main objective of this paper is to predict the partial reserve and to estimate the error rate of prediction distributions by using the stochastic model proposed in [1].


The two-way association between diabetes and periodontitis, a highly prevalent but largely hidden chronic inflammatory disease, is widely accepted.1 Patients with diabetes have a three to fourfold increased prevalence of severe periodontitis, and the severity of periodontitis is associated with poor glycaemic control.2

Periodontitis has been linked to an increase in insulin resistance, even in people without diabetes.3 Adverse outcomes in diabetes (including the increased risks of heart disease, stroke and early mortality) are more likely in the presence of periodontitis.4 For example, severe periodontitis is associated with a threefold increase in the incidence of end-stage renal disease in diabetes compared to patients who lack such disease.

Although the exact mechanism linking these diseases is not yet fully understood, it is believed to involve aspects of immune functioning, neutrophil activity, and cytokine biology.2 There are also common lifestyle factors, such as obesity, physical activity, and diet that influence the progression of both conditions.

Periodontitis is widespread with most older patients showing signs of disease. The most recent Adult Dental Health Survey (2009) reported that 75% of dentate adults aged 55–64 years had signs of periodontitis (pocket depth or loss of attachment of ≥4 mm), and this increased to 82% in the 75–84 years group.5 Importantly, early stages may be reversible through dental intervention and plaque control measures. In later stage periodontitis teeth become mobile, are eventually lost, and the alveolar bone continues to deteriorate. The progression from mild to severe disease is associated with a range of non-modifiable factors (age and genetic susceptibility), modifiable factors (plaque, calculus, and smoking) and the presence of other health conditions (diabetes, HIV, and steroid treatment).6

This article discusses the importance of considering oral health, and in particular the prevention of moderate to severe periodontitis, as part of …


Laser ultrasonic techniques for in-process materials characterization show significant potential for applications where rapid, remote sensing is a requirement. While the potential is great, relatively few on-line industrial systems currently exist owing to difficulty associated with designing and implementing robust laser ultrasonic systems. Although laser-based ultrasound is becoming widely used as a laboratory tool for materials characterization, transitioning this technology into a robust industrial process control system poses several problems. Chief among these are suitable lasers for ultrasound generation, ultrasound detection, interferometer design, required signal processing, and overall system performance. This manuscript addresses each of these issues in turn, and gibes examples of industrial process control implementations where appropriate. Finally, recent advances in increasing laser based ultrasonic sensitivity are discussed.


Human beings have the ability to understand and visualize various emotions on a daily basis. This could be done by noticing various features such as facial muscle movements, speech, hand gestures, etc. The automated emotion recognition is an important issue and has also been a lively research topic for the modern time. At the moment, several research workers have taken part in inheriting two or more unimodals for better understanding. This paper shows an approach for emotion recognition that uses three modalities: facial images, audio signals, and electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from FER and Ck+, RAVDESS and SEED-IV datasets respectively. Finally, various fusion techniques were approached and each of these fusion methods gave different results. The maximum accuracy of 71.24% was obtained with help of an autoencoder approach when combined with SVM classifier.


Two 4-ethoxycarbonyl thiazolyl groups were introduced into 2- and 5-positions of 3-hydroxypyridine in 8 steps using 5-cyano-3-hydroxypyridine (2) as the starting material. The pyridine derivative obtained in the last step was converted to a fragment A derivative (21) by stepwise introduction of the 2-substituted 4-thiazolyl group into the 6-position. The total yield for the formation of 21 via 14 steps was 7.6%.


Daily activity rhythms of Ooencyrtus kuwanai (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Blepheripa scutellata (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Tachinidae), and Brachymeria compsilurae (Crawford) (Hymenoptera: Chalcidae), which are parasitoids of the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae); and of Apanteles laeviceps Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a parasitoid of noctuid cutworms, were determined in the field by direct observation and by catches on sticky panels exposed at different times of day. All parasitoids were active only in daytime except for females of O. kuwanai which were also active into the night. O. kuivani males and B. compsilurae were active throughout the daylight hours, but A. lacviceps and B. scutellata were active mainly in the afternoon. The probable influence of temperature and light on these activity cycles is discussed.


Method of making a hole (5) in the layer (4) includes providing a first bonding area (1a) and the second adhesive regions on the surface of the support (2) (1b). The dimensions of the first adhesive region (1a) corresponds to the dimensions of the hole (5). The method includes depositing a layer (4) to the first adhesive region (1a) and a second adhesive region (1b). The material of layer (4), than for the second adhesive region (1b), has a lower adhesion coefficient than the first adhesive region (1a). Some of the first upwardly disposed layers of adhesive areas (1a) is removed by a fluid jet (6).


GaN crystal growth mode in the oxide vapor phase epitaxy (OVPE) method, which simultaneously provides low electrical resistance and low threading dislocation density (TDD), has been investigated in detail. The results clarified that these qualities can be achieved by the expression of numerous inverted pyramidal pits, called three-dimensional (3D) growth mode. This mode reduced TDD from 3.8 × 106 cm−2 to 2.0 × 104 cm−2 for 1 mm thick growth because the threading dislocations (TDs) converged to the center of each pit. Moreover, when the crystal surface after polishing was observed by photoluminescence measurement, peculiar floral designs reflecting the distribution of oxygen concentration were observed over the entire surface. In addition, the etch pits exhibited TDs in the center of each floral design. On the basis of our results, we proposed that the 3D-OVPE-GaN will serve as a key material for improving the performance of vertical GaN devices.


We show that even in d =~ dimensions the Hubbard model, when scaled properly, describes nontrivial correlations among fermions. Diagrammatic treatments are found to be substantially simpler than in Anite dimensions. The weak-coupling correlation energy is seen to be a good approximation for that in d=3. Recent approximations based on slave-boson techniques are recovered by the exact evaluation of explicit variational wave functions in d =~.


In this master's thesis, I analyse translation in German classes for foreigners by reference to textbooks. The theoretical part presents a summary about translation studies and the role of the translator, furthermore about the teaching of German for foreigners and textbooks in general. In the practical part, an analysis of selected textbooks concerning the complex of translation problems is performed. In addition, a survey about teaching of German language for foreigners is described, which was performed according to this master's thesis. In conclusion, the interconnectedness of translation and teaching of German for foreigners is illustrated. The aim of this thesis consists in the verifying of the necessity and meaningfulness of translations within teaching German for foreigners.


Self-heating effects are investigated in silicon-on-insulator (SOI), silicon-germanium-on-insulator (SGOI), and strained-silicon-directly-on-insulator (SSDOI) metal-oxide field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), using a Monte Carlo simulator self-consistently coupled with the solution of the heat diffusion equation. Although the influence of thermal effects is in general higher in these structures, as compared to bulk Si MOSFETs, its impact is much more important in SGOI and SSDOI FET structures incorporating ultrathin Si channels, with SGOI FETs giving the worst thermal performance. A study of the dependence of the extent of self-heating on the buried-oxide thickness is also performed, showing that this parameter is important in designing SOI structures with better thermal management.


Means for directing a dentist in the dental Therapy of a patient comprising a representation of a foot, a means for attaching a first label (1, 2, 3) in the representation of the foot, a presentation of a jaw and an allocation means which is adapted in response to the first marking one of the first marker associated second marking (A, B, C) to bring automatically into the representation of the jaw.


A 1968 ruling by the N.Y. State Department of Mental Hygiene refusing admission to nonpsychotic persons 65 and over, traditionally given custodial care by the state mental hospitals, left the communities, cities, and towns without resources to handle the problem. The ruling was implemented prior to any planning or funding for alternative facilities. The article describes a multidisciplmary Geriatric Unit established at Bellevue Hospital Center (Psychiatric Division) which together with available community resources, has maintained some of the mentally frail elderly in the community. Emphasis is given to the multidisciplinary character of the Geriatric Unit and to the need for similar in-hospital, mobile, and on-site as well as community-out-reach program teams to cope with the multiple health problems of the elderly indigent population in large cities. Additional types of services and facilities which are needed are discussed.


In this work we present an optical Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) strain sensor appropriate for uniaxial compression test of rocks. The rocks are a complex aggregate of materials and may exhibit in some cases mineral grains of size bigger than the conventional electrical strain gages used. Furthermore, commercial surface mountable optical FBG strain sensors are packaged in planar configuration, which is not appropriate for the cylindrical rock cores in uniaxial compression test. The optical FBG sensors were designed and manufactured manually fitted for cylindrical rock samples. A calibration process was carried out in order to stablish the mechanical performance of the FBG packaging; later, a compression test was conducted on hard rock sample and the strain was recorded by the traditional electrical strain gage (ESG) and FBG system. Under this comparison, the FBG sensors reaches a larger recording area, sensitivity under 100 microstrain and a reliable strain transfer, all of which is appropriate to measure strain for heterogeneous rock composition and minerals grain size.


The surface roughness of geological discontinuities plays an important role in influencing the stability of rock masses. Several approaches can be adopted for its determination. This paper presents a simple approach whereby two polynomial approximations have been derived to correlate the peak friction angle, peak of discontinuity planes of fresh as well as slightly weathered schist bedrock with the Joint Roughness Coefficient, JRC. These polynomial approximations are peak= -0.022JRC


The recent evolution of Industry towards automation has evolved to a dramatic increase in Electronic Waste or E-waste. Mankind's demand and quick upgrade to new electronic devices have created electronic waste as the fastest-growing garbage source in the planet. It is multiple times in production compared to other wastes produced. For example, the emergence of the 5G network will result in incompatible phones, tablets, and other cellular devices being discarded more than ever. Millions of gadgets will become obsolete and lead to a massive accumulation of waste. This is a global problem as E-waste management lacks appropriate infrastructure and procedures to dispose of them. Disposal of these materials can release pollutants into our environment and cause several health hazards. Contrarily, E-waste claims to be a hidden source of wealth that can be developed into a precious resource if extracted scientifically. A new vision for electronics is necessary, and this is because, if E-waste was treated in the right way, it could prove to be a great resource of energy and other valuable metals. One such vision is implementing a circular economic approach to the wastes produced. This paper aims to examine the different categories and sources of electronic waste, the dangerous components present in E-waste, the management technique recommended to handle these E-wastes, and the challenges in implementing a circular economic approach in handling these wastes.


ABSTRACTThe presence of partially frozen liquid in the pore spaces of porous materials has significant effects on elastic wave propagation. Although the characterization of partially frozen systems using velocity information has been well developed, application of the attenuation information is limited because the attenuation mechanisms in partially frozen systems are poorly understood. We have conducted ultrasonic wave transmission measurements with changing temperatures from 0°C to −15°C to estimate the effect of partially frozen liquids grown in unconsolidated (unconsolidated sediment) and consolidated (synthetic porous rock) materials on the velocity and attenuation of P- and S-waves. Our experimental results determined that the existence of partially frozen liquid in the unconsolidated and consolidated materials increases the velocity and attenuation for temperatures of 0°C to around the freezing point (i.e., −3°C), thus experimentally validating the unintuitive observations of high velocity and high...


Dynamic performence, economy, reliability and durability of the locomotive diesel engine are directly affected by the quatity of the oil, so it is of critical importance for the oil to be selected and used properly. The effect, development, main quality indexes and the condemning limit of the oil of the locomotive diesel engine were presented. Besides, the points for attention to oil's usage were introduced.


The working mechanism of sink wall point dewatering technology and sink wall point system were introduced,combined with some excavation construction experience in Xi'an,its construction technology and points were illustrated.It pointed that the engineering adopted batch foundation sink wall construction and dewatering externalized economic of dynamic construction.


Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder that affects about 1% of the world population. Although electroencephalogram (EEG) has been the chief modality in the diagnosis and treatment of epileptic disorders for more than half a century, long-term recordings (more than a few days) can only be obtained in hospital settings. Many patients, however, have intermittent seizures occurring far less frequent. Patients cannot come into the hospital for weeks on end in order for a seizure to be captured on EEG — a necessary prerequisite for making a definitive diagnosis, tailoring therapy, or even establishing the true rate of seizures. This work aims to address this need by proposing a subdermal implantable, eightchannel EEG recorder and seizure detector that has two modes of operation: diagnosis and seizure counting. In the diagnosis mode, EEG is continuously recorded with a 500 Hz bandwidth. This bandwidth is five times higher than typically done to record high-frequency oscillations, which, according to recently published research, may aid in the diagnosis of epilepsy. In the seizure counting mode, the system uses a novel low-power algorithm to track the number of seizures a patient has, providing doctors with a reliable count to help determine medication efficacy. This mode is especially important given the severity of antiepileptic drugs' side-effects. An ASIC that implements the EEG recording and seizure detection algorithm was designed and fabricated in a 0.18 μm CMOS process. The ASIC includes eight EEG channels and was designed to minimize the system's power and size. The result is a power-efficient analog front end that requires 2.75 μW per channel in diagnosis mode and 0.84 μW per channel in seizure counting mode. Both modes have an inputreferred noise of approximately 1.1 μVrms. The seizure detection algorithm has a sensitivity of 98.5%, a false alarm rate of 4.4 per hour, and a detection delay of 9.1 seconds. It consumes only 0.45 μW, which is over an order of magnitude less power than comparable algorithms.


Economic models of information value have had little impact on the theory and practice of MIS. This is due in part to difficulties in operationalizing these models, but more importantly, it is due to problems in the theory that stem from descriptively invalid assumptions. This paper examines those assumptions and reviews five major areas for modification: the decision process, human judgement under uncertainty, the choice of actions, multiple information signal resolution, and multiple decisions over time. Incorporation of valid descriptive assumptions in the economic theory will move the field toward a behaviorally-grounded theory of information value.


The angular distribution of intensity and polarization in the triplet singlet emission of benzene is calculated for the following mechanisms: (I) a magnetic quadrupole transition caused by the interaction between the electron spins and the radiation field; (IIa) an electric dipole transition where the wave functions are first corrected for spin orbit coupling and then for vibronic interactions; (IIb) an electric dipole transition where the triplet functions are first corrected for vibronic interactions and then for spin orbit coupling.


ABSTRACT The horseshoe crab peptide polyphemusin I possesses high antimicrobial activity, but its mechanism of action is as yet not well defined. Using a biotin-labeled polyphemusin I analogue and confocal fluorescence microscopy, we showed that the peptide accumulates in the cytoplasm of wild-type Escherichia coli within 30 min after addition without causing substantial membrane damage.


ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of oxidative stress and inflammation resulting in metabolic syndrome in rats during chronic intermittent hypoxia.MethodsTo establish a chronic intermittent hypoxia(CIH)animal model inrats, in order to mimic the intermittent hypoxia of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)in humans. 50 healthy male SD rats were randomly assigned to two groups: the control group(10) and the CIH group(40). The rats in CIH group were placed in all animal chamber subjected to chronic intermittent hypoxia(nadir ambient oxygen concentration 6%~7%, maximum ambient oxygen concentration 20%~21%, Continuing respectively to5~7 second) for 8 hours per day(from 9AM to 5PM). The rats in control group were placed in the same animal chamber with out chronic intermittent hypoxia. The experiment lasted for 12 weeks.After the experiment, we measured the level of MDA,SOD and hs-CRP in plasma by ELISA.And measure various laboratory indices of metabolic syndrome such as blood sugar levels、triglyceride(TG)、total cholesterol(TC)、blood pressure.ResultsAlong with the time prolonged intermittent hypoxia, the rising risk factors of MS, and the level of of supemxide dismutase(SOD), malondia Jdehyde(MDA) and the hs-CRP, there were significant differences between the two groups.ConclusionOxidative stress and inflammation may be important in patients of OSAHS resulting in metabolic syndrome.


An aperture-loaded decoupling strategy for 1 × 8 circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna array is presented in this article. By introducing an additional coupling path, the mutual coupling between adjacent antennas is cancelled. The result shows that more than 20-dB isolation enhancement is obtained by applying this strategy at the center frequency of 3.38 GHz. Mutual coupling between both adjacent and non-adjacent elements are suppressed to less than -25 dB. Moreover, the impedance bandwidth and axial ratio (AR) is also improved with decoupling. Compared with conventional CP antenna decoupling methods, the proposed approach has the characteristics of low profile, compact size, and low impact for the ground plane. It is shown that the AR bandwidth can be enhanced using the proposed decoupling method.


Purpose
There has been little research discussing the role that new product creativity plays in achieving alliance ambidexterity and how causal ambiguity may be a potential moderator in the association between new product creativity and alliance ambidexterity. The purpose of this study is to identify the contingent role of causal ambiguity and examine the relationships between new product creativity, causal ambiguity and alliance ambidexterity.

Design/methodology/approach
In this empirical study, a questionnaire approach is used to collect data, and moderated structural equation modeling is used to test the hypotheses.

Findings
The findings indicate that new product creativity has a positive influence on alliance ambidexterity, whereas causal ambiguity moderates these associations. When causal ambiguity increases, the positive impact of new product creativity on alliance ambidexterity is attenuated.

Research limitations/implications
This study integrates the ambidexterity literature and the alliance literature by applying the concept of ambidexterity to a strategic alliance context. The moderating role of causal ambiguity echoes previous research postulating causal ambiguity as a barrier to knowledge transfer in alliances. Given a higher level of causal ambiguity, firms face more difficulty when they attempt to develop new product creativity to achieve the desired level of alliance ambidexterity.

Practical implications
Managers could initiate incentive programs and build supportive environments that facilitate new product creativity. Firms will be capable of elaborating the potential of new product creativity to further facilitate alliance ambidexterity. Managers need to pay attention to causal ambiguity that may have a moderating influence on the relationship between new product creativity and alliance ambidexterity.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the synthesis of new product creativity and alliance ambidexterity and helps scholars and managers to better understand the moderating effect of causal ambiguity in the context of the innovation and ambidexterity literature.


A two-dimensional problem of quasi static deformation of a medium consisting of an elastic half space in welded contact with thermoelastic half space, caused due to seismic sources, is studied. Source is considered to be in the elastic half space. The basic equations, governed by the coupled theory of thermoelasticity, are used to model for thermoelastic half space. The analytical expressions for displacements, strain and stresses in the two half spaces are obtained first for line source and then for dip slip fault. The results for two particular cases, adiabatic conditions and isothermal conditions, are also obtained. Numerical results for displacements, stresses and temperature distribution have also been computed and are shown.


In this article, four new phenothiazine derivatives (denoted as PT1 , PT2 , PT3 and PT4 ) are speci fi cally in silico designed by molecular modelling for good light absorption properties @405 nm. The most inter-esting structures showing both intense violet/blue light absorption and high potential photochemical reactivity were synthesized for detailed investigations as photoinitiators/photosensitizers in the presence of an iodonium salt for the free radical photopolymerization of (meth)acrylates and the cationic polymerization of epoxides upon near-UV or visible light irradiation. Remarkably, two of the proposed structures ( PT3 and PT4 ) from this in silico design were never synthesized prior to this work and were thus speci fi cally designed for this work. Three-component photoinitiating systems based on PT/iodonium/amine ( N -phenylglycine or ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate) are also developed for the free radical polymerization of acrylates. Both excellent polymerization rates and high fi nal reactive function conversions were obtained. A full picture of the photochemical mechanisms is provided using di ff erent techniques: real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, fl uorescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Finally, the high performance of the phenothiazine derivatives is also shown in 3D printing experiments as well as in photocomposite synthesis using glass fi bres (thick sample; using a LED@395 nm conveyor).


This paper aims at exploring the negative sentiments that historically exit between Muslims and non-Muslims, and attempts to figure out the present state of hostility towards Muslims/Islam which may be labelled as Islamophobia in the contemporary media dominated world. For this study, it is assumed that Islamophobia is a mediated construct and its epistemic/symbolic dimension has different connotations. As such, its construction is rendered in a pluralistic manner; hence, it appears as a corpus constituted of Islamophobias. This paper is exploratory in nature, and attempts to test an instrument for measuring Islamophobia in the epistemological spheres by finding its nexus with media and other social antecedents.


Recent interest in reducing budget deficits raises questions regarding the impact of cuts versus increases in private good allocations on legislative bargaining. We investigate this issue using an experimental design where the outcomes are theoretically isomorphic. Payoffs are similar between the two cases, but which type gets their proposals passed changes substantially. Both gains and losses help to "grease" the legislative bargaining "wheels", reducing the time it takes to reach agreement. But gains are more effective than losses, a difference attributable to a change in agents' reference point in going from gains to losses.


It is not economically feasible to statistically prove that an automated driving function is safer than a human driver with current test methods such as field operation tests. Therefore, new methods and tools are needed for the release of automated vehicles. The approach of functional decomposition is broadly used in informatics, mathematics and robotics to split complex functions into sub functions. Functional decomposition is also used to analyze human failures that lead to traffic accidents. Assuming that the absence of accidents is the approval criterion for highly automated driving and that accidents can be traced back to failures, the decomposition approach can be used for approval. Within the research project PEGASUS, a scenario-based decomposition approach for approval of the "Autobahn-Chauffer" is developed. This approach is presented here for the first time and proposes a six-layer decomposition of the automated driving function. Based on the functional decomposition and identification of relevant scenarios, particular test cases and corresponding fail criteria can be derived. By eliminating redundant test cases and aggregating test cases that are subsets of each other, the method promises to reduce testing effort.


Wet paddy plantation is one of the major natural sources of methane. Methane
is one of a major greenhouse gas which contributes to the global warming. The
strength of methane from paddy field is still not totally certain of. With the increase of
the world population hence increase the need for more quality food, the area for rice
cultivator keep on increasing. The relationship of the increase of methane emission
can be associated with the increase in rice production. This study discuss on the fluxes
of the greenhouse gas from wet paddy plantation as well as the factors that effects its
emissions. This is done through reviewing articles as well as relevant journals or
publications related to this study. Many factors affect the methane emissions from this
paddy field which are organic amendments, the rice cultivators, the type of practice
use culturally, the temperatures of the paddy field, the type of fertilizer that is being
used as well as the type of rice that is being plant.


17 Abstract—Topology optimization for structural design is a special type of problem in the optimization field. Although there are efforts to apply classic optimization techniques, the particularities of topology structural optimization have given birth to dedicated, more efficient and reliable methods. This paper is intended as an overview of both the currently accepted and the promising new methods for topology optimization as found in the scientific literature of the last 20 years. Five types of methods are described and compared, highlighting the differences, advantages and pitfalls of each one: evolutionarybased algorithms, Solid Isotropic Microstructure with Penalization (SIMP) methods, Evolutionary Structural Optimization (ESO) methods, Soft-Kill Option (SKO) and level-set methods.


Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most frequent and persistent global diseases causing millions of deaths every year. Pakistan lies at number 6 among the 22 most dominant countries, with multidrug resistance up to 15%. Isoniazid-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are gradually rising and seem to be more prevalent in developing countries. Mutations in the katG gene are considered to be responsible for the accusation of isoniazid resistance in M. tuberculosis. Objectives: The current study was designed to investigate the structural and functional associations of KatG gene mutations (S315R and S315T) and multidrug resistance in M. tuberculosis isolates from Karachi, Pakistan. Results: The present study revealed conformational changes in the structure of the KatG enzyme due to observed mutations, which led to induced alterations in isoniazid binding residues at the active site of the KatG enzyme. Furthermore, substantial changes were observed in interaction energy, ligand-receptor energy, electrostatic energy, salvation energy, and ligand-receptor conformational entropy. All these resultant modifications due to S315R and S315T mutations ultimately reduced the flexibility and stability of proteins at isoniazid-binding residues. Conclusions: This deviation in the consistency of protein texture eventually compromises the enzyme activity. It is well expected that the outcomes of the current study would provide a better understanding of the consequences of these mutations and provide a detailed insight into some previously unknown features.


This past Saturday marked the release of "Oxy Moronic," the third track and lead single from the upcoming NOFX album First Ditch Effort. As if ...


Nowadays, generating electricity from solar energy is used for many applications. Especially in rural areas, PV based applications have been a great importance for generating electricity. In this study, a PV based application study presented for fish farms. An off grid PV system designed to supply the systems' required electrical energy and a pump used for taking cold water from the depth of the dam lake to cool the cage. Temperature sensors are used for measuring the cage's water temperature and according to the cage temperature a motor driver is used to adjust the speed of pump. A PLC controller and an HMI system for monitoring designed for the system. All the energy requirement of the system is supplied from designed PV system. Thanks to developed system, the temperature of fish cage is stabilized to 17°C so from May to September, fish can be growth sustainably during the year.


Thank you very much for downloading whole language discovery activities for the primary grades. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their favorite readings like this whole language discovery activities for the primary grades, but end up in malicious downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they cope with some malicious virus inside their laptop.


20 to 80 mole% of p-phenylene diamine and 80 to 20 mol% of diaminodiphenyl ether composed of a diamine component and 10 to 60 mole% 2,3,3 ', 4'-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid a dianhydride, a process for producing a polyamic acid solution by reacting a tetracarboxylic acid component in a solvent consisting of 90 to 40 mol% of 3,3 ', 4,4'-biphenyl tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, diamine component and before the step of the tetracarboxylic acid component excessive molar amount relative to the diamine component, to prepare a polyamic acid solution by reacting in a solvent containing a volume of water in excess of one-third molbae for the tetracarboxylic acid component and then, the polyamic the addition of the diamine component, or a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic acid component and the diamine component is a tetracarboxylic acid component in the acid solution so that the amount substantially equimolar to the reaction again after the step of Relates to a process for producing a polyamic acid solution characterized in that the box.


The environmental impact of traffic flows in urban networks is an increasingly growing problem. This study investigates the possibilities for modifying traffic route choice in urban networks in order to meet the standards for noise annoyance and pollutant emission. Therefore an environmental capacity is defined, for each link of the network. This is the minimum capacity of a link resulting from the selected environmental standards. The maximum flow on a link is defined by the minimum of the environmental capacity and the free flow capacity. By assigning the traffic to the network using the equilibrium assignment technique, an optimum flow pattern is obtained which meets (as far as possible) the environmental standards. In this paper the results of an application of the model are presented using the ede/bennekom network.(a) for the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 824432.


Abstract A simple criterion is presented for determining whether the combined local atmospheric infrared cooling rate at a given height in the presence of two gases, absorbing in the same spectral region, is less than or greater than the cooling rate of either of the gases alone. The criterion is applied to infrared cooling of a tropical atmosphere.


We have investigated light propagation in optical devices by near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) at the telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 μm. NSOM images obtained on the top of channel waveguides measure the mode profile perpendicular to the propagation direction and show a modulation of intensity along this direction. This modulation demonstrates the periodic variation of the mode size predicted for the propagation in small guides and marks the direction of propagation. We show that NSOM analysis can completely assess complex optical devices with subwavelength resolution: determination of the optical path, variation of the light intensity along this path, and measurement of local radiative losses.


Development of soil microbial communities along ecological succession is crucial for ecosystem recovery and maintenance. However, mechanisms mediating microbial community dynamics and co-occurrence patterns along ecological succession remain unclear. Here, we explored community dynamics and taxa co-occurrence patterns in bacterial and fungal communities across a well-established chronosequence of post-mining lands spanning 54 years of recovery. Meanwhile, by synthesizing previous studies and ecological theories, we devised two conceptual models that integrate microbial phylogeny with patterns in community dynamics and in taxa co-occurrence. We further tested these models by using empirical data. At early successional stages, bacterial community structures became increasingly phylogenetically clustered with soil age, which was co-determined by the environmental selection from soil vegetation cover and by heterogeneous responses of less phylogenetically similar bacteria to the increasing resource availability along succession. At later successional stages, bacterial community phylogenetic structures displayed progressively lower variability. The fungal community phylogenetic structures varied relatively less and were independent of soil age, soil properties and vegetation cover, which was attributed to the dominance of stochastic processes in community turnover along succession. Network analysis revealed a decrease in bacterial co-occurrence complexity along succession, which aligned with a decrease in average pairwise phylogenetic distances between co-occurring bacteria. These patterns together implied a decrease in potential bacterial cooperation that was probably mediated by increasing resource availability along succession. The increased complexity of fungal co-occurrence along succession was independent of phylogenetic distances between co-occurring fungi. This study provides new sights into ecological mechanisms underlying bacterial and fungal community succession.


Objective To study surgical methods of preserving facial nerve and audition, and to provide anatomic parameters and anatomic markers for removal of acoustic tumor via the modified translaryrinthine approach. Methods The removal of acoustic tumor via the modified translaryrinthine approach was simulated on 20 adult cadaveric heads, in each surgery the bow of the posterior semicircular canal and superior semicircular canal was removed, and the ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal and superior semicircular canal, and the lateral semicircular canal as well as the vestibule was kept. The length of the exposed internal auditory canal and the range of the operative field were measured. Results The shortest distance from the ampulla of the superior semicircular canal to the duramater inside the sigmoid sinus was ( 10.4 ± 2.0 ) mm, from the posterior margin of the lateral semicircular canal to the duramater inside the sigmoid sinus ( 6.4 ± 1.0 ) mm, from the duramater of the middle cranial fossa to the jugular bulb ( 13.8 ± 3.3 ) mm, the exposed length of the internal auditory canal was ( 5.8 ± 0.9 ) mm, which was 60.4% of its full length. Conclusion The operative field of the interior part of the internal auditory canal and the cerebellopontine angle can be obtained via the modified translaryrinthine approach satisfactorily; and at the same time, it was possible to preserve audition, and the posterior inferior margin of the lateral semicircular canal can be used as a marker for searching the internal auditory canal.


A scanning X-ray spectrometer was flown aboard the United States Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP-F6) satellite to image X-ray production in the earth's atmosphere. One of the main objectives of this experiment was to image auroral signatures associated with electron precipitation at energies above a few keV. A brief description of the instrument is given and a sequence of auroral images is shown to demonstrate on-orbit performance and to illustrate the use of such data to monitor ionization density perturbations in the earth's atmosphere.


Since the 1990s, commercial DWDM systems has quickly become the mainstream of the long distance transmission way. Since 2000, at the foundation of the 8 horizontal 8 longitudinal railway system, the ministry of railways has successively built five DWDM foundational optical transmission network rings. Now with the widely development of DWDM technology, the transmission network maintenance also has more differences compared with the traditional way. The thesis analyse the advantege of DWDM , DWDM fault judging and the common positioning method combining with the application status of railway .


What are the contaminations between art and architecture in today's world? In the relationship with the architectural and urban space, what role does art play whenever art and architecture come into contact? Quoting James Ballard, the title of the present essay represents a sort of provocation, especially in case of association with Canaletto's famed Capriccio palladiano and to the in some ways inappropriate usage that Aldo Rossi made of it. Starting from the observation that the composition made by Canaletto is, in a certain way, truer than Venice itself, one might wonder about the role of art in the construction of the architectural and urban image and, through some examples, affirm that in the present time art is a kind of seismograph that pushes architects to look beyond, to investigate the field of the unspoken or the unthinkable and it is used, in many cases, as a device to substantiate architecture itself and its outcomes.
How and through which instruments? The answer lies in the works as mere instruments used to go back to the (implicit or explicit) canons and codes used, or perhaps to get to admit that, conversely, they often fade into a hermeneutic of the indeterminate, in relation to which identifying limits and boundaries seems increasingly difficult.
Who makes what, between art and architecture? Ballard explains it masterfully and some artists show it clearly. The whole complex of these experiences is bound to the (solid) architecture and its theoretical corpus together with the desire to reflect on processes, procedures, transcriptions, and metamorphoses capable of feeding architecture and its languages.


The paper examines current challenges of the pension reform. The State should guarantee every citizen an adequate standard of living; take care of both present-day and future pensioners. It is noted that the pension reform in Ukraine, which began in 2003, is moving slowly, especially with regard to non-state pension provision; the introduction of a three-tier system is still far away. The number of pensioners is growing year on year, despite the fact that the requirements for the retirement age and insurance experience are increasing, and the amount of pension payments remains, in most cases, extremely small that they fail to provide not only a decent standard of living, but also in most cases the most necessary human needs. The reform of the domestic pension system, which aims to reduce the deficit of the pension fund of Ukraine and ensure its self-sufficiency, is currently taking place by modernizing the methodology for calculating and paying pensions, introducing modern information technologies for managing the functioning of the pension fund of Ukraine, improving national legislation by bringing it closer to the requirements of the European administrative space. This is what will largely determine the depth of changes made within the framework of the pension reform. In scientific circles, the questions about the characteristics, essence and content of the pension system, as well as the very definition of the concept of "pension reform" are still not sufficiently studied, which is also due to the rapid changes in the external environment of the pension system functioning.
The article analyzes the current state of the pension system of Ukraine, reveals the essence of the pension reform, and studies the relationship and impact of the financial crisis on the pension system. The prospects for the development of the pension system, the importance of the funded system and the system of non-state pension insurance are substantiated and proved, the main innovations of the pension system, advantages and disadvantages of the pension reform are identified. The analysis of the level of pension provision in Ukraine in comparison with other countries is carried out and the problems of implementing the funded system and the system of non-state pension provision in Ukraine are identified.


A low-power and low-voltage phase-locked loop (PLL) designed for the WiFi-6E system is presented. Several short-channel circuit techniques are used to achieve the low current dissipation of 3.1mA while saving 41.5% power consumption compared to the traditional PLL. The proposed PLL is implemented in TSMC 0.18-µm CMOS process and 1V supply voltage. The simulated phase noise of VCO is -116.5 dBc/Hz at a 1-MHz offset frequency from 6.48 GHz oscillation frequency. The locking time is shorter than 1.3µs with a voltage ripple of 1.4mV.


The article presents an introduction to a symposium on public governance. The contributors to this symposium are participants in an expanding international network of researchers investigating such questions of public governance and public management using the theories, models, methods, and data of the social and behavioral sciences. The varied conceptions of public governance evident in recent literature may result from the fact that the public governance debate has emerged from a weakened position of the state.


The inherent defect of the GM(1,1) and the normal GM(1,M) is explicitly illuminated in this paper,then the extended GM(1,M) and its recursive algorithm is proposed in detail.In the modeling process,the latest historical data is used as the initial terms of responding value,and the best generating factor for background value is searched using Chaos optimizing method based on the precision and the standardized condition number of normal matrix.Finally,the computation results show that the E-GM(1,M) is more reliable and precise than the other models,so it has superiority in application.


Purpose – The road transport sector is the second biggest CO2 emissions contributor after energy generation. In urban environments, its impact is increased due to the worse combustion engine driving efficiency. It is thought that electric mobility might bring some relief to big cities' polluted air. At the same time, car manufacturers are searching for second battery applications in order to reduce its manufacture cost and make electric cars achievable for most people. This paper seeks to address these issues.Design/methodology/approach – This study presents an economic and environmental approach of an electric taxi fleet charged with second use electric car batteries. The environment impact comes from the possible CO2 emissions reduction due to the use of electricity instead of fuel and from reusing the old electric car batteries instead of brand new ones. On the economic side, apart from the financial and consumption costs and profits, the Kyoto protocol trades permit an economic evaluation of the benef...


Farmers in the Mexicali Valley of Baja California-North growing two specialty crops, asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) and broccoli (Brassica oleracea) hold an economic advantage over farmers growing the same two crops in the Imperial Valley of California. Potential shifts in production from the U.S. to Mexico may have an effect on the number of jobs, the private sales sector, and personal income in Imperial County.


This paper addresses dynamic resource allocation (DRA) with power control for the downlink of a Spatial Divi- sion Multiple Access (SDMA) broadband multicellular wireless packet network with adaptive antennas. The main issue for dis- tributed DRA is how to manage the intercell interference, which is very difficult to handle in an uncoordinated environment, due to packet access and downlink beamforming. The issue of effi- ciently performing DRA and power control in such environment is still open. In this paper we propose to do the slot allocation distributedly with a rough estimate of the intercell interference, and the power control and beamforming in a centralized manner, after the allocation. This keep the computational effort low with respect to a completely centralized allocation algorithm. We show that the gap between a distributed algorithm with uncoordinated power control and a totally centralized allocation algorithm can be significantly reduced.


Research has show the relationship between brain functioning and homicide. The brain region involved in the understanding of this relationship is the frontal lobe. A systematic review of the scientific production on "homicide" and "frontal lobe" was developed, identifying and examining abstracts found in Medline, PsycInfo, Proquest and Lilacs systems, from 1990 through 2003. Twenty-two abstracts were analyzed as to three different dimensions: indexing system, publishing year and country and design. Publications were predominantly found in Medline system, United States, having a more or less homogeneous concentration and quasi-experimental design. Eleven papers having this design were analyzed considering sampling, participants' gender and age, evaluation technique, associated variables and main findings. Most frequently, these papers used a sample group including predominantly adult male homicides in different legal status. The most researched variable concerning the topic was psychiatric disorder and the techniques more often used included neurological, neuropsychological and psychiatric assessments. Most of these studies showed a positive association between homicide behavior and front lobe disorder. Keywords: homicide; frontal lobe; brain functioning.


(57) Abstract: Especially well suited transparent capacitance detection system for input to the electronic device is described. Detection system can use either a physical button or a slider switch or be printed on a surface in the display or below the active display device to emulate. In particular, when overlapping the top of the active display device such as an LCD screen to detect the position of the finger on the display (X / Y position) and the contact region (Z), capacitive sensor as an input device for a graphical user interface Furthermore, it is possible to use. Furthermore, the sensor can be manufactured in a flexible material for detecting contact three-dimensional surface. Sensor because substantially transparent, the surface underneath can be seen through the sensor. This is not necessarily using the area under for alternative applications not related to the detection system. Examples are published, it includes a device, such as an additional user interface display or a camera or biometric security device.


This work aimed to prove that simple chemical modification could provide new cancer chemopreventive and/or anticancer properties to the inactive extracted polysaccharide derived from Leucaena leucocephala . Polysaccharides were extracted from Leucaena leucocephala seeds and its 2,4-pentanedione-treated derivative (glycosylated form) was prepared, which is further sulphated to give sulphated glycosylated form. Estimation of their anti-initiation activity, modulation of carcinogen metabolism, was indicated by the inhibition cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) and the induction of glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs). Anti-proliferation activity was investigated by MTT assay against human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2), breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and lymphoblastic leukemia (1301). Apoptosis/necrosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. The results revealed that glycosylated form inhibited both CYP1A and GSTs, while sulphated glycosylated form not only inhibited CYP1A, but also induced the GSTs. Unlike GE, sulphated glycosylated form possessed a significant anti-proliferative activity against different cell lines. Analysis of HepG2 cell cycle phases demonstrated that glycosylated form led to a delay of G2/M-phase, while sulphated glycosylated form led to a concomitant arrest in S- and G2/M-phases. Investigation of apoptosis/necrosis ratio demonstrated that both of glycosylated form and sulphated glycosylated form induced HepG2 cell death by necrosis, but not apoptosis. Unmodified crude extract was neither active as cancer chemopreventive nor as anti-proliferative. In conclusion, chemical modification of Leucaena gum induced its cancer chemopreventive and anti-proliferative activities.


Abstract The notion of L-fuzzy extended ideals is introduced in a Boolean ring, and their essential properties are investigated. We also build the relation between an L-fuzzy ideal and the class of its L-fuzzy extended ideals. By defining an operator "⇝" between two arbitrary L-fuzzy ideals in terms of L-fuzzy extended ideals, the result that "the family of all L-fuzzy ideals in a Boolean ring is a complete Heyting algebra" is immediately obtained. Furthermore, the lattice structures of L-fuzzy extended ideals of an L-fuzzy ideal, L-fuzzy extended ideals relative to an L-fuzzy subset, L-fuzzy stable ideals relative to an L-fuzzy subset and their connections are studied in this paper.


A prime (left) Goldie semiprincipal left ideal ring is the endomorphism ring E(F, A) of a free module A, of finite rank, over a (left) Ore domain F. We examnine the uniqueness of the module (F,A) in the sense of determining necessary and sufficient conditions that every isomorphism of E(F, A) is induced by a semilinear module isomorphism of (F, A). Introduction. Let K be a prime (left) Goldie ring in which each finitely generated left ideal is principal. Then K is isomorphic to the endomorphsm ring E(F, A) of a free module A, of finite rank, over a (left) Ore domain F [3, 6, 8]. We examine the uniqueness of this representation in the following sense: What are necessary and sufficient conditions such that, whenever K _ E(F, A) E(G, B) (with A, B free and finitely generated over domains F and G), every isomorphism of E(F, A) upon E(G, B) is induced by a (semilinear) module isomorphism of (F, A) upon (G, B)? We are able to show (Theorem 3.1) that this is precisely when all minimal right annihilators of K are mutually isomorphic (as right K modules), or equivalently when K is isomorphic to E(F, A) with F, a semiprincipal left ideal domain. A key point is showing that K is a Baer ring (Lemma 2.3). If "'semillinear module isomorphism" is understood to include mappings between extensions of the underlying modules (F, A) and (G, B) then every isomorphism of E(F, A) onto E(G, B) is induced by a semilinear module isomorphism (Theorem 3.2). 1. Definitions and preliminaries. All rings have identity elements. The left module A over the ring F will be denoted (F, A) and its endomorphism ring (operating on the right of A) will be denoted E(F, A). (A, E) will denote the right E module A. The statement that (F, A, E) is a bimodule indicates that A is to be considered as a left F module and a right E module. The arguments of Baer [1, Proposition 5, p. 176] with minor modifications can be used to prove LEMMA 1. 1. If there is an idempotent e in E = E(F, A) such that Ae is free and cyclic, then the bimodule (F, A, E) is isomorphic to the bimodule (eEe, eE, E) in the following sense: (1) F and eEe are isomorphic rings; A and eE are isomorphic additive groups, and there is a semilinear module isomorphism of the left modules (F, A) and (eEe, eE). (2) There is an E isomorphism of the right modules (A, E) and (eE, E). Received by the editors October 13, 1987. 1980 Mathematics Subject Classification (1985 Revision). Primary 16A65; Secondary 16A04, 16A34. (?)1988 American Mathematical Society 0002-9939/88 $1.00 + $.25 per page


The actual investigation of submarine canyons as field work was begun about 50 years ago. A large amount of factual information has accumulated as result of operations of deep diving vehicles, first in the Pacific Coast canyons and more recently in the remarkable dives of the Woods Hole minisubmarine Alvin into East Coast canyons. Taking the results of these recent dives and combining them with earlier investigations, including much work done by the French in the Mediterranean as well as our extensive studies off California and Baja California, we can now say with some confidence that these amazing deep excavations into the sea floor off so many coastal areas can be explained. New methods such as side scanning have also given us a greater understanding of the exact character of submarine canyons, particularly in the Bay of Biscay. The development of multichannel sonar has greatly increased our knowledge of the nature of continental margins and hence their history. This has given us more insight into the history of canyon development, particularly off the east Coast where drilling for oil and gas has become so important. In the past we have seen a great variety of hypotheses for explaining submarine canyons. Unfortunately almost all of these have been based on information from a small selection of the canyons, usually from one area. From the new information, it is evident that canyons are of composite origin and that many of the hypotheses suggested in the past were partly correct but did not appreciate that coordination of other processes was required. Thus there is growing evidence that, in the history of many canyons, there was a period in which subaerial erosion was an important precursor, but that present features are predominantly the result of marine erosion. Those advocating turbidity currents as the unique cause of canyons failed to appreciate that debris flows down the incipient valleys, as ell as other types of landslides, could be an almost equally important factor in marine erosion. The great effect of biologic activity on the rock walls of incipient canyons has been almost completely neglected in explanations, and various types of currents such as those of the tides have been left largely out of the picture. Perhaps the most important feature absent in these various hypotheses has been the realization that canyons may well be the result of a long period of formation, much longer than the short episodes of Pleistocene glacial sea-level lowering features which commonly cut into hard crystalline rock. New information is showing that the canyons may date back to at least the Cretaceous.


The rapidly advancing technology of nanodevices has led to the production of smaller and smaller structures often called mesoscopic systems. These devices are large on the atomic scale, but sufficiently small that the electron wave function is coherent over the entire sample: the condition for coherence is that the electron traverses the wire without undergoing any collision with phonons or other electrons. Because the electron can lose energy and equilibrate with heat bath only via inelastic collisions, it is necessary to re-examine the conventional concept of energy dissipation in a resistor. We study the way in which the superconducting correlations are induced in graphene ribbon when it is placed between two superconductors, how such correlations may depend on complex edge structure of the ribbon, on the geometry of the experimental set-up and what is the role of Andreev's reflection in Josephson's effect at superconducting contacts.


An important class of three port junction circulators consist of a network of six transmission lines alternatively terminated in 50 omega lines and magnetic walls (open-circuits). In general, this network has threefold symmetry, since consecutive transmission lines differ both in impedance and electrical length. Properly adjusted, it exhibits a frequency response normally associated with a quarter-wave coupled junction circulator. For circulators, for which the in-phase eigennetwork may be represented by an ideal short circuit, the equivalent circuit is a 1-port network which may be formed from the definition of the constituent resonator. This feature is used in this paper to study the equivalent circuit of junction circulators using microstrip WYE resonators on garnet substrates.


Objective To explore digital simulation of pulmonary hemodynamics under hypercapnia.Method The model was built on Matlab/Simulink system.It combined the models of heart,systemic and pulmonary circulation systems together.Results The results of the computer simulation experiments correspond to those of human physiological features.Conclusion The model is easy to extend,it can be used as a assistant tool for animal experiment.


The present invention induce step of activating the expression of Myc family gene and Klf family gene in a cell or cells comprising contacting a Myc family proteins and Klf family proteins, the growth of functionally differentiated somatic cells, It relates to a method for.


We shortly review the various methods suggested for determining the transversity function. Among such methods, we consider especially those based on semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering. In the framework of this kind of reactions, we propose to measure a double spin asymmetry, using a transversely polarized proton target and a longitudinally polarized lepton beam, and fixing the direction of the final pion. Under particular conditions, the asymmetry is sensitive to the transversity function.