The content of the stone inscription was the preface to the ancient work "Daxue" which was written by Wan Shou-ren in White Deer Grotto Academy.The stone inscription is the work which was written in Zhende reign 16th(1521) when Wan was instructing in White Deer Grotto Academy.If these facts are true,the author can infer that Wan's philosophy thought was based on "GU BEN DA XUE" and Wan informed his "ZHI LIANG ZI" thought in the process of rewrite the preface to the work named "DA XUE".


The structure of the flow field in harbour basins shows significant three-dimensional (3-D) effects, e.g. variation of the direction of the horizontal velocity components with depth, existence of vertical velocity components which are not negligible and nonuniversal distribution of turbulence. These features have been investigated by means of a numerical 3-D free surface model based on the finite element approach with parameterization of turbulence by mixing - length formulation and Neumann boundary condition for the walls. The numerical simulations are made for two different small scale harbour variants. The investigations concern the simulation of the flow fields as well as the analysis of the turbulence structures. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with measurements obtained from a physical model.


In the last decade, groundwater demand has been quickly increasing, and overexploitation has been already recognized in many regions. In this research a case study where the groundwater resource is used for the irrigation is analyzed. The study shows a common case in the cost line of the Mediterranean regions (Apulia region, Italy), for which salt incursion from see is largely quoted. An integrated model with hydrologic, agronomic and economic themes has been built to perform farmer's behaviors under three different water policy designs. Namely, status quo scenario where groundwater is subjected to competitive and free access use and, two different groundwater allotments restrictions, has been analyzed. Taking into account discounted farmer's net value, findings here show as competitive use is not the most convenient groundwater management. Reduction in groundwater exploitation rate implemented with all the other scenarios show a more profitable use of this resource over time.


To the Editor.— In view of the recent work involving decreased skin cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in patients with psoriasis, the following small study was carried out. Seven patients with psoriasis participated in scraping away the scale on their psoriasis lesions, so that it would be easier for the material to penetrate, and then applied dibutylated cyclic AMP, 0.2μg/ml dissolved in acetone followed by a 1% papaverine solution to a selected plaque of psoriasis. This was done three times a day for four weeks. At the end of this time there was either no change in these psoriatic plaques or they were worse. The only conclusions one can reach is that topically applied cyclic AMP, even with an inhibitor of the phosphodiesterase, is not sufficient to inhibit the rapid epidermal proliferation and improve the psoriatic patch. There could be many reasons for these observations: either the concentrations were inadequate, although


A small Monopole antenna, which suitable ultra wideband and wireless LAN application is presented. The proposed antenna is designed to operate over 2.34 to 12 GHz for return loss values below −10 dB in the whole frequency range. The proposed antenna consists of a diamond shaped radiator and rectangle ground. Good return loss and radiation pattern are obtained in the frequency band of interest. The antenna fabricated on PCB area of 16 mm × 42mm × 1.6 mm and small size easily integrated to wireless USB dongle. Detailed simulation and experimental investigations are conducted to understand antenna behavior and optimize for broadband operation.


We analyze the process of fragmentation in heavy-ion interactions from the viewpoint of growth of instabilities in hot expanding nuclear matter. The growth rates of modes in a medium unstable to small density perturbations of finite wavelength are calculated from a kinetic equation. This enables us to treat the case where the nucleon mean free path is comparable to or greater than the wavelength of the fluctuation, and the temperature is arbitrary. We estimate for hot nuclear matter the initial conditions which, after expansion, will result in fragmentation, evaporation, or vaporization.


Chronic pancreatitis is a complex disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Patients with chronic pancreatitis are at risk for malnutrition and nutrient deficiency caused primarily by malabsorption, inadequate intake, and inflammation. Poor nutritional status may negatively affect disease's outcome. Medical nutrition therapy which include screening and assessment of malnutrition followed by optimal nutritional intervention for patient at risk should be the cornerstone of chronic pancreatitis multidisciplinary treatment. The dietary recommendation for malnourished chronic pancreatitis patients is high-calorie, high-protein, and low-fiber diet delivered in small frequent meals. Oral nutritional supplements, enteral, and/or parenteral nutrition should be considered respectively in the setting of failed oral nutritional intake to meet the energy and protein requirement.


ABSTRACT Texaco Brazil S.A. (TBSA), a ChevronTexaco Company, is a far reaching operation consisting of ten company owned bulk plants and one joint venture/company operated bulk plant. Five of these bulk plants are located in the southern half of the Country and are not near any major bodies of water. The other six bulk plants, including the joint venture facility, are located in the northern half of the Country either within the Amazon Basin or on the Atlantic coast: All have waterfront transfer operations. (See Figures 1 and 2) In addition, TBSA transports product, including heavy fuel oil, upon the Amazon River system using third party bulk barges. This paper examines the systematic process being used by TBSA Health, Environment & Safety (HES) personnel to develop and implement an improved emergency response program. The paper concentrates on the six bulk plants with waterfront transfer operations; however the program covers all facilities.


Objective: To research into the antiinflammatory and analgesic effects and toxicity of aerosol diclofenac sodium (ADS) on animals. Methods: The antiinflammatory and analgesic effects of ADS on mice were studied by acetic acid inducing writhing model, hot plate method and dimethylbenzene inducing ear oedema model. The acute toxicity in a single intraoral dose of ADS and intraocular irritation were observed in rabbits. After multiple intraoral doses, the irritations of ADS on the normal guinea pigs' and traumatic rabbits' oral mucosa were evaluated. Results: When ADS was administered intraorally, the writhing reaction induced by acetic acid was inhibited and the pain threshold induced by hot plate was raised significantly in mice (P0 05 and P0 01). The swelling degree of ear was inhibited significantly by local ADS painting (P0 01). The toxicant and irritant symptoms after single or multiple local administrations of ADS were not observed. Conclusion: ADS possesses significant antiinflammatory and analgesic effects in mice and the toxicity and irritation were not significant in guinea pigs and rabbits with local dosing.


The article considers foreign experience in creating biographical dictionaries of educators. The table presents 8 dictionaries published in Australia, Great Britain, Italy and the USA in 1978-2021. The content of each dictionary is analyzed according to the following parameters: number of authors, structure, number and volume of articles, distribution of articles by gender, scheme of biographical article, availability of appendices.
It has been found that the dictionaries published in the 1970s and 1990s in the Great Britain and the USA were created according to the established scientific tradition: short biographical articles (up to 500 words), with theorists, practitioners and administrators of education, as well as philosophers and psychologists predominating among the personalities. An exception is the bio-bibliographic sourcebook published in the USA in 1994, which is the first publication devoted exclusively to women educators and contains extensive biographical articles. Instead, biographical dictionaries of educators published in the 2010s and early 2020s demonstrate new methodological approaches to both the selection of individuals and the creation of the dictionary: 1) the Italian biographical dictionary of educators (2013), in addition to educational theorists and practitioners, presents founders and heads of educational institutions of various types, editors of pedagogical periodicals, children's writers and illustrators of books for children, theorists and popularizers of physical and sports education, leaders of youth associations, etc, 2) the concepts of creating an Australian dictionary of Catholic educators (2020) and an encyclopaedia of modern Asian educators (2021) include a division into sections with introductory review articles on the development of education in a particular historical period.
A generalized scheme of a biographical article about an educator is presented. The features of the content of dictionaries are highlighted. The prospects of using foreign experience in the creation of an encyclopaedic biographical dictionary of educators of Ukraine are determined: creating a more objective and complete list of educators whose biographies will be included in the dictionary, improving the scheme of writing a biographical article, introducing appendices into the structure of the dictionary.


Multipass method for cutting thick sections of cement-based materials, the method comprising the steps of: mutually traversing a surface to be cut with a laser beam, allowing said molten material to solidify; breaking said solidified material into particles; and removing said particles by suction means, characterized by performing cutting with a laser beam defocused with a power density such that it allows to produce a depth of molten material of a maximum of 10 mm in each advance.


In this paper, an observer-based model reference adaptive iterative learning control strategy using a filtered fuzzy neural network is proposed for more general class of uncertain nonlinear systems. Since the system states are not measurable, a state tracking error observer is introduced for state estimation. Based on the state tracking error observer, a model reference adaptive control technique using a mixed time-domain and s-domain technique is presented to derive an output observation error model. In this error model, the unknown system nonlinearities become a kind of uncertain sources to a known, stable and relative degree one linear system. It is further transformed into a new formulation by an averaging filter and some auxiliary signals so that the iterative learning controller can be implemented without using differentiators. The main learning component which performs as an system approximator is constructed by a filtered fuzzy neural network using the estimated state variables as the network input. To overcome the lumped uncertainties from function approximation error and state estimation error, a normalization signal is applied as a bounding function to design a robust learning component. Besides, a stabilization learning component is used to guarantee the boundedness of internal signals. Since the optimal parameters for a good function approximation are in general unavailable, adaptive algorithms are derived to search for suitable parameters during each iteration. We show that all the adjustable parameters as well as internal signals remain bounded for all iterations. The norm of output tracking error will asymptotically converge to a tunable residual set whose size depends on some design parameters of averaging filter. A practical ball and beam system is given to verify the nice tracking performance of the proposed learning scheme.


With the introduction of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in real-world traffic, there are several human-computer interactions (HCI) challenges—especially how a passenger might interact with an AV where the human driver is absent. Riding inside an AV could be more challenging for older adults who are expected to be one of the largest user cohorts of AV. In this work, we conducted an interview session with senior participants (N=10) which allowed us to identify specific design needs for elderly passengers to have reliable communication with AVs. Based on the findings, we implemented five proof-of-concept prototypes in virtual reality (VR) and evaluated them through a user study with another group of elderly participants (N=15). Informed by the outcome, we discuss design insights for implementing inclusive interfaces inside the AVs that will be supportive of the functional abilities and cognitive needs of older adults to increase psychological driving comfort and perceived safety.


Abstract One hundred forty-one children, ages three to seven, were interviewed and presented with different play situations to assess their death concepts. Chi-square analysis and post hoc pairwise contrasts tests were used to examine differences in responses by parents' marital status and socioeconomic background The feasibility of a play activity involving puppets for assessing death concepts was also explored. It was concluded that there is no relationship between parents' marital status and young children's death concepts, that young children from different socioeconomic backgrounds are far more similar than different in their understandings of death, and that a play situation with undefined cause of death is a potentially useful supplementary means for assessing young children's death concepts.


Augmented Reality (AR) provides real-time information by superimposing virtual information onto users' view of the real world. Our work is the first to explore how peripheral vision, instead of central vision, can be used to read text on AR and smart glasses. We present Peritext, a multiword reading interface using rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP). This enables users to observe the real world using central vision, while using peripheral vision to read virtual information. We first conducted a lab-based study to determine the effect of different text transformation by comparing reading efficiency among 3 capitalization schemes, 2 font faces, 2 text animation methods, and 3 different numbers of words for RSVP paradigm. We found that title case capitalization, sans-serif font and word-wise typewriter animation with multiword RSVP display resulted in better reading efficiency, which together formed our Peritext design. Another lab-based study followed, investigating the performance of the Peritext against control text, and the results showed significant better performance. Finally, we conducted a field study to collect user feedback while using Peritext in real-world walking scenarios, and all users reported a preference of 5° eccentricity over 8°.


The goal of identifying a set of pretreatment risk-stratifying factors for patients with localized prostate cancer is to be able to individualize treatment and optimize patient selection for clinical trials. Low-risk patients are most likely


A dual illuminator suitable for Raman difference spectroscopy is described. The system, which can be readily adapted for use with computer-controlled Raman spectrometers, provides a differential frequency accuracy (ca. ±0.03 cm−1) which is comparable to that of other existing devices. The individual control of the temperature of each sample makes it possible to obtain thermally induced Raman difference spectra, where-by very small frequency shifts associated with changes in temperature can be accurately measured. An example of application to the study of the gel-to-liquid crystal transition of a phospholipid (DPPG) is given.


Uberization is spreading at high speed and is affecting an increasing number of sectors of the economy. This development brings promising opportunities, but also new challenges. Uberization concerns many areas of the economy. The most important is, as its name suggests, the transport of people. The rapid development of the phenomenon of Uberization has attracted the interest of many researchers. The emergence of companies such as Uber and Airbnb fuelled the discussions about this new business model which challenges traditional competitors and regulators. This paper aims to open the black box of Uberization from a consumer, regulatory, labour and competition point of view after the entrance of Uber in Brussels.


There are currently two nation-wide trends that impinge significantly on language teach- ing and assessment at the university level in the U.S. One is the general wave of education reform, the other is the so-called "proficiency" movement in language teaching. That being said, these two cat- egories are much too broad in their definitions and implications to be of any use in discussing what we wish to address here: actual practice in the second language classroom. We will therefore begin by constraining the relevant characteristics of each of these. We will then proceed to discuss their ongo- ing implications for what actually happens in the curriculum at a single American university. Portland State is offered here as representative of American institutions of higher education insofar as it has undergone significant administrative and curricular restructuring at all levels over the last five to ten years. Indeed, because of its location, it's mission and its leadership, Portland State University is in many way a model institution for its response to contemporary demands placed on education -- from within and without, by choice as well as by public fiat. The goal in this paper is to demonstrate how one academic unit within a public institution responds to the diverse pressures for change, and what the ramifications of that response are for processes of assessment.


In the 21 st  century, unmanned systems (especially unmanned aerial vehicles) will play a dominant role in the operational fields. Thanks to the technological developments witnessed in many fields, the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for military purposes is becoming easier. Looking at the operations carried out over the last 25 years, it can be seen that most were conducted in residential areas, where and techniques, tactics and equipment with asymmetric effects will make significant differences. In addition to this, the more loss of life in operations, the more governments come under pressure from the public. Taking these factors into consideration, it is believed that unmanned aerial vehicles, which can be used to increase dominance in operations and prevent loss of life, will be used more often and more effectively in the future. It is also believed that unmanned aerial vehicles will be used as assault media in both residential areas and in other operational environments in order to take advantage of the high level asymmetric effect.


The present study was developed with the intent of analyzing and improving the levels of quality perceived by consumers of biscuits produced at the Mem Martins plant, from Mondelēz International. This study began with the analysis of the complaints received in the factory, concerning the cookies produced in here, in order to identify focal products and categories of complaint. It was concluded that most complaints were related with Yayitas Mel, in the categories of undercooked and abnormal taste, and with Ritz Original, in the categories of broken, undercooked, with stale, rancid and salty taste. Further analysis throughout time led to the conclusion that the corrective actions already implemented at the production line of Yayitas managed to offset the causes of complaint, with no complaints for this product at the time of this study. Therefore, this study focuses on analyzing complaints on Ritz Original. In an attempt to validate and to find complaint sources, so that it could be acted on the areas of opportunity, several analyses regarding different aspects of the production line and of the product took place. It was concluded that the level of breakage was actually higher than maximum allowed by the specification. After changing the equipment with higher impact on the breakage, the situation was solved. For complaints in the taste category, no source was identified, since the peroxide values of the fat sprayed on the cookies' surface and of the fat in the cookies were found to always comply with the specifications. Finally, another analysis was also performed in the production line to identify potential situations that could represent a risk of inclusion of foreign material in the cookies. For all these situations, corrective actions and preventive and monitoring procedures ahead of product release were suggested. In that way, the decreasing of the level of quality perceived by the consumers is avoided.


This paper presents the principle of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging and points out that the SAR image can be achieved by two-dimensional convolution. Then, the system configuration of an airborne SAR real-time digital signal processing system and the logical structure of range and azimuth compression are described in detail. Finally the main performance parameters are analysed briefly and the results of a real-time test and examples of imagery obtained by the system are also presented.


Abstract Organizations in today's world of modern economics are trying to establish a successful KM system in order to create and maintain competitive advantage. But the successful implementation of KM requires the identification of key factors in knowledge management and action based on identified factors. The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the key factors affecting the successful deployment of knowledge management system in Iran's nuclear reactor fuel company. In this research, 306 employees were selected by stratified random sampling in proportion to their size, according to gender and organizational responsibility. The research method was descriptive and survey type. In this research, a researcher-made questionnaire of 99 questions was used which reduced 81 questions after exploratory factor analysis. The questionnaire has a structural validity and its reliability is obtained by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.96. Data from this research were first identified by exploratory factor analysis, and then data were analyzed by one-sample t-test, independent t-test and analysis of variance and LSD sub-test. The results showed that six identification factors They can describe almost 70% of the key factors affecting the successful deployment of the knowledge system in Iran's nuclear reactor fuel company. These key factors all have a moderate effect on the successful deployment of knowledge management system, Α have been meaningful. The results of the ranking by hierarchical analysis method based on the criteria of the knowledge base building model also showed that these factors are organizational culture, leadership support and leadership, senior management, strategy and knowledge goals, knowledge centers and portals, human resource management and organizational structure.Organizations in today's world of modern economics are trying to establish a successful KM system in order to create and maintain competitive advantage. But the successful implementation of KM requires the identification of key factors in knowledge management and action based on identified factors. The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the key factors affecting the successful deployment of knowledge management system in Iran's nuclear reactor fuel company. In this research, 306 employees were selected by stratified random sampling in proportion to their size, according to gender and organizational responsibility. The research method was descriptive and survey type. In this research, a researcher-made questionnaire of 99 questions was used which reduced 81 questions after exploratory factor analysis. The questionnaire has a structural validity and its reliability is obtained by Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.96. Data from this research were first identified by exploratory factor analysis, and then data were analyzed by one-sample t-test, independent t-test and analysis of variance and LSD sub-test. The results showed that six identification factors They can describe almost 70% of the key factors affecting the successful deployment of the knowledge system in Iran's nuclear reactor fuel company. These key factors all have a moderate effect on the successful deployment of knowledge management system, Α have been meaningful. The results of the ranking by hierarchical analysis method based on the criteria of the knowledge base building model also showed that these factors are organizational culture, leadership support and leadership, senior management, strategy and knowledge goals, knowledge centers and portals, human resource management and organizational structure.


Terzan 5 is a stellar system in the Galactic bulge commonly catalogued as a globular cluster. Through dedicated NIR photometry and spectroscopy we have discovered that it harbors two main stellar populations defining two distinct red clumps (RCs) in the colour-magnitude diagram, and displaying different iron content: [Fe/H] = -0.2 and [Fe/H]=+0.3 for the faint and the bright red clumps, respectively. In addition, a third minor population with significantly lower metallicity ([Fe/H]=-0.79) has been recently detected, thus enlarging the metallicity range covered by Terzan 5 to Delta[Fe/H] ~ 1 dex. This evidence demonstrates that, similarly to omega Centauri in the Galactic halo, Terzan 5 is not a genuine globular cluster, but a stellar system that experienced a much more complex star formation and chemical enrichment history. Moreover the striking chemical similarity with the bulge stars suggests that Terzan 5 could be the relic of one of the massive clumps that contributed through strong dynamical interactions with other similar sub-structures) to the formation of the Galactic bulge.


This paper introduces a spare parts inventory management system based on the intelligent decision.The overall structure of the system is presented and the key techniques are outlined.


We investigate the continuum q-Potts model at its transition point from the disordered to the ordered regime, with particular emphasis on the coexistence of disordered and ordered phases in the high-q case. We argue that the occurrence of a phase transition can be seen as a percolation in the related random cluster representation, similarly to the lattice Potts model, and investigate the typical structure of clusters for high q. We also report on numerical simulations in two dimensions using a continuum version of the Swendsen–Wang algorithm, compare the results with earlier simulations which used the invaded cluster algorithm, and discuss implications on the geometry of clusters in the disordered and ordered phases.


the consequences of the omission of Boeotian Geometric pottery (see above) are felt in an unfortunate way: Schweitzer asks rhetorically (p. 206): 'But where is the evidence for such late dates ?' At least in part the question could be answered by reference to the relatively late chronology which can be shown to be necessary for Boeotian figure-scenes on pottery. The chapter on architecture, finally, is a little out of tune with the subject-matter of the rest of the book, and adds little to it. It is right to end with a further word of praise for the illustrations. The linedrawings are honest (even though figures 24, 33, and 34 are upside down), while the plates are, in scope, choice, and quality alike, admirable. For the specialist they provide an added bonus in the inclusion of such pieces as the colossal Attic amphora NM 803 (plate 35), for whose publication we have waited nearly a century, and the newer but equally extraordinary prothesis scene from Samos (plate 97).


Geological structures play an important role in formation, modification and preservation of ore deposits. The paper briefly reviews the study of the relationship between structure and metallogeny and the relationship between geotectonics and metallogeny. The study of ore-forming structure has experienced a gradually deepening process, consisting of the following stages: single-structure ore control, composite-structure ore control, structure ore formation, and dynamics of ore-forming structure. The author puts forward that:① combination of study on ore-forming structure and regional geochemistry is an important method to explore ore-rorming regularities; ② structure-fluid-ore deposit (bodies) constitute a natural system ; ③different metallogenic systems occur in different tectonic systems such as extension, compression and strike-slip mechanisms; ④combining the study on structure ore formation with structure ore destruction, and taking ore formation, ore change, ore destruction or preservation and occurrence as an integrated process, so as to guide ore exploration more effectively; ⑤ applying advanced technology to strengthen the study on structures of typical ore fields.


ABSTRACT Commercial cultivation of the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus is performed through the inoculation of a semipasteurized composted material. Pasteurization of the compost material prior to inoculation results in a substrate with a fungal community that becomes dominated by A. bisporus. However, little is known about the composition and activity in the wider fungal community beyond the presence of A. bisporus in compost throughout the mushroom cropping process. In this study, the fungal cropping compost community was characterized by sequencing nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 amplified from extractable DNA and RNA. The fungal community generated from DNA extracts identified a diverse community containing 211 unique species, although only 51 were identified from cDNA. Agaricus bisporus was found to dominate in the DNA-derived fungal community for the duration of the cropping process. However, analysis of cDNA extracts found A. bisporus to dominate only up to the first crop flush, after which activity decreased sharply and a much broader fungal community became active. This study has highlighted the diverse fungal community that is present in mushroom compost during cropping.


Objective To explore the relation between the levels of serum true insulin(TI),proinsulin(PI)levels in patients with coronary heart disease(CHD)and other cardiovascular risk factors.Methods TI and PI were determined by highly specific ELISA assays and immunoreactive insulin(IRI)was measured by RIA.The fasting serum IRI,TI,PI levels in 40 nondiabetic patients with CHD and 40 healthy,same aged control subject were investigated.And the fasting and 2h postprandial plasma glucose,serum lipids and blood pressure were also determined in each individual.Results The levels of serum IRI,TI and PI in patients with CHD were significantly higher than those in controls(P0.05),while the value of insulin sensitivity index(ISI)in patients with CHD was lower than that in controls(P0.05).There were significant independent correlations between TI and the factors of age,BMI,plasma glucose,serum lipids and PI also relates with the above factors.Conclusion Nondiabetic patients with CHD have hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance and there is an independent association between proinsulin and dyslipidemia.


Super early-strength composite fiber concrete has been widely used. Seismic Performance of super early-strength composite fiber concrete columns needs to be known after high temperature, quasi-static tests under different high temperatures are experimented. The experiment showed that: the downtrend of hysteretic curves and skeleton curves are consistent, but reductions for both hysteretic curves and skeleton curves are diverse after different duration.


The effects of shape, crystallinity and specific surface area of ZnO powder on antibacterial activity were studied by measuring the change in the electrical conductivity with bacterial growth. From the results, it was clarified that the antibacterial activity increased with the increase of powder concentration in the physiological saline. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli strongly depended on the specific surface area of the powder; the activity increased with the increase of the surface area, irrespective of the shape and the crystallinity of their powders. In the case of Staphylococcus aureus, however, it was found that there was no difference in the activity according to the characteristic of the powders. The appearance of antibacterial activity was found to be due to the generation of H2O2 from the surface of ZnO powder.


Stock splits are aesthetic events that simply divide pie into difference slices and do not impact the underlying cash flows and market capitalization of the firm. There are several motives of stock splits like increasing liquidity, to achieve optimum tick size, management confidence in future stock price etc. The objective of the study is to analyze impact of stock splits on price and liquidity of the share in the Indian Stock Market. To do so, event window of 61 days, consisting 30 days before and 30 days after the stock split considered of 20 companies in the year 2011 whose stock split ratio is 10:1. The returns in the period prior to the announcement compared with the returns after execution of the split in terms of mean returns and variance of returns. The empirical evidence suggests that there is clear evidence about changes in the liquidity after the split. The Wilcoxon Pair test was used to test the significance of the stock returns.


This paper explores the causal relationship between female education and teenage fertility by exploiting a change in the compulsory schooling law (CSL) in Turkey. Using variation in the exposure to the CSL across cohorts and variation across provinces by the intensity of additional classrooms constructed in the birth provinces as an instrumental variable, the results indicate that primary school completion reduces teenage fertility by 0.37 births and the incidence of teenage childbearing by around 25 percentage points. Exploring heterogeneous effects indicates that female education reduces teenage fertility more in provinces with lower population density and higher agricultural activity. Finally, the CSL postpones childbearing by delaying marriage, thereby reducing fertility.


The publication presents the result of a ten-year-research of Professor Dr. Andreas Lehnardt, Johannes Gutenberg-Universitat Mainz in the City Library of Mainz. He investigated jewish fragments within medieval manuscripts and printed books. He collaborated closely with the Library department of rare books and manuscripts and was supported by Annelen Ottermann.


1530 Background: A phase II trial was designed to assess MATILDE chemotherapy (CHT) regimen in untreated PCNSL pts. This combination includes drugs active in different phases of the cell cycle, with demonstrated efficacy against aggressive lymphomas and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. Methods: PCNSL pts (HIV-, ≤70 ys, PS<4) received 3 courses of MTX 3.5 g/m2 d1; idarubicin 13 mg/m2 d2; cytarabine 1.7 g/m2x2 d2; and thiotepa 20 mg/m2 d3; ev.3 wks, followed by WBRT (30–36 Gy in responders and 40 Gy in the others) plus a 9-Gy boost. Results: Pt Characteristics: 41 pts (median age 57 ys) were enrolled (5/00–1/04). All pts but one had brain lesions, with ocular and meningeal disease in 3/34 (9%) and 7 (17%) pts, respectively. According to the IELSG score [J Clin Oncol 2003;21(2):266], risk was low in 10 (24%) pts, intermediate in 23 (56%) and high in 8 (20%). Response and survival: At the end of CHT, 18 (44%) pts had CR, 13 (32%) PR (ORR=76%), 6 (15%) PD and 4 died of toxicity. Response rate after WBRT ...


This article explores and analyses the issue of civil liability of Vietnamese judges arising from the performance of their adjudicatory tasks. This is discussed in the light of relevant provisions contained in the 2002 Ordinance on Judges and Jurors of the People's Court and the 2002 Law on Organisation of the People's Courts. The potential impact of these provisions on judicial independence in Vietnam is also examined.


In the process of constructing the sports power,mass-sports in universities are increasingly showing the importance,but also highlight its shortcomings.Based on analyzing its causes with the objectives of the development of sports power,the paper put forward the requirements that we take the form standing of developing mass-sports in universities allover the country.To combine the characteristics of college students and develop college students' innovative ability together with Sports Culture also requires a combination of a carrier of new strategies and proposals,as well as current efforts to do the work to lay a solid foundation for sports power.


The anatomy of spice perception involves illusion. We seem to perceive spices both with the senses of taste and smell, but in reality, smell does most of the work. Consider cinnamon, an ancient spice (the first spice mentioned in the Old Testament). Even with our eyes closed, the smell of freshly baked cinnamon rolls grabs our attention. Sniffing draws the cinnamon volatiles (chemicals that evaporate at low temperatures and make their way into our nostrils as vapors) up into our noses; the volatiles pass through a tiny opening at the top of the nasal cavity called the olfactory cleft. When odorants pass through the cleft, they gain access to the olfactory mucosa, the tissue that contains olfactory receptors. This process is technically called "orthonasal olfaction," but we commonly call it "smell."


The purpose of this article is to present in a simple principle of the turbine 'active lift turbine' and to realize a calculation approximation of the couple produces by this turbine. For a calculation more elaborate, it is necessary to read the preprint.[6] The active lift turbine which subject several patent[2, 3, 7].


This paper analyzes a model of investment and return in an economy characterized by information asymmetry between an investor and a manager. The realized value of the uncertain state of nature is the manager's private information. The paper first considers an economy where the manager cannot share her private information with the investor. Therefore, dividend payment is the only reputation building tool available to the manager. If the investor's prior beliefs about the manager's trustworthiness are sufficiently high, then the manager will return a dividend consistent with the lower possible state of nature having occurred and the investor will revise such beliefs downwards. However, if the beliefs are not so high, then the equilibrium will be mixed strategies.


A novel organic field effect transistor (OFET)‐based biosensor is described for label‐free glial fibrillary acidic protein detection. This study reports the first use of an extended solution gate structure where the sensing area and the organic semiconductor are separated, and a reference electrode is not needed. Different molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are mixed into the bioreceptor layer to help extend the Debye screening length. The drain current change is significantly increased with the help of higher molecular weight PEGs, as they are known to reduce the dielectric constant. This study also investigates the sensing performance under different gate voltage (V g). The sensitivity increases after the V g is decreased from −5 to −2 V because the lower V g is much closer to the OFET threshold voltage and the influence of attached negatively charged proteins becomes more apparent. Finally, the selectivity experiments toward different interferents are performed. The stability and selectivity are promising for clinical applications.


Soft rock roadway are characterized by high ground pressure,high deformation and difficulties in supporting.Soft rock roadway bolting and wall rock hardening technology and control measures have been raised through the research on basic principle of wall rock bolting modified hardening. And analysis has also been made on technology,designing,technical parameters and technological formulation of bolting and grouting.Practice shows that,modified materials are able to control the strong deformation of wall rock,guarantee the stability of roadway and produce notable economic benefits after been bolted.


Cross-cultural communication and ethnic identities : Proceedings II from the conference Regional Northern Identity : from past to future at Petrozavodsk State University, Petrozavodsk 2006


Tsunami by the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake caused serious damage to bridges near the coast in Japan. In particular, the outflow damage of superstructures of large-scale bridges was noticeable. As a measure for bridges near coast, we have focused on fairing that is effective in wind resistant stability. In the experiment, two kinds of fairing, i.e. one is a fairing mounted only on the side of the bridge, the other is a box-shaped fairing enclosing the girder were used. From previous studies, it has been found that fairings are effective for horizontal drag, but they are not effective for vertical drag because of the buoyancy. Therefore, hydraulic experiments were conducted on the effect of having to open a slit in the fairing, to smooth the flow of water into the fairing within. This paper described the experimental outline and results.


Abstract : A theory of the gain and threshold current of a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) laser has been developed which takes account of the line broadening caused by fluctuations in QD size. Expressions for the threshold current versus the surface density of QDs. QD size dispersion and total losses have been obtained in explicit form. Optimization of the structure has been carried out, aimed at minimizing the threshold current density. The characteristic temperature of QD laser has been calculated considering carrier recombination in the optical confinement layer and violation of the charge neutrality in QDs.


Presently, there is no widespread agreement on foundational theories for Career and Technical Education (CTE) as a discipline, nor is there much discussion and debate in the literature on what a theory foundation might look like. The case has been made that theory helps scholars and practitioners look at data from different angles, offer different interpretations of research findings, define and understand problems, propose and test solutions, set a research agenda for the discipline, and help solve problems. This paper investigates published CTE research to identify those theories most commonly employed as a theoretical framework and described their major components and concepts. The author then proposes a potential core theory base for CTE derived from the findings and discusses how this core is grounded in the intersection of the different theories.


This invention pertains to a separation membrane module having provided therein a plurality of spiral-shaped separation membrane elements for separating and removing components present in a fluid to be treated. This invention provides a separation membrane and a replacement method for separation membrane elements, whereby: the sealing properties of a separation membrane module having a plurality of spiral-shaped separation membrane elements provided in a cylindrical pressure-resistant container are maintained, even if a foreign object having high hardness is present on the seal surface; the performance of the separation membrane module is sufficiently exhibited; insertion and removal are easy; and maintenance time and labor are reduced.


This paper examined the self-efficacy, information acquisition and utilization as correlates of effective decision making of managers in corporate insurance companies in Nigeria. Total enumeration technique called census coupled with a self-developed questionnaire was used to collect data on a population size of 153 managers in eleven corporate insurance companies in Nigeria, out of which 145 responded given a response rate of 94.8 percent. The study found that self-efficacy, information acquisition and utilization had significant collinear relationship with effective decision making of the respondents. In addition, self-efficacy, information acquisition and utilization significantly predict effective decision making of the respondents. More so, each of the independent variables, namely, self-efficacy, information acquisition and information utilization significantly predict effective decision making of the respondents. Nevertheless, information utilization was found to have the greatest percentage (65.22 percent) relative contribution to the prediction of effective decision making of the managers in Nigerian corporate insurance companies.


This symposium issue is first and foremost about crossing boundaries. The people readers have met in these pages—enslavers and enslaved, traders and purchasers, abolitionists and insurrectionaries—were mobile, and their mobility had consequences. The slave traders who changed flags as they moved across international waters are only the most visible exemplars of this phenomenon. Crossing geographic borders often meant crossing boundaries of race and status as well. All of these articles in one form or another address the question of what it means to cross lines: between "slave" and "free," "legal" and "illegal," "past" and "present."


The use of drugs during pregnancy aims to improve the health of the mother and fetus. The provision must be adjusted to the needs of the mother and must be under the supervision of health workers. Maternal compliance in taking drugs during pregnancy is influenced by several factors, such as knowledge, attitudes, explanations of how to use drugs from health workers, perceptions and experiences and others. The purpose of the study was to identify the determinants of compliance of pregnant women in consuming drugs during pregnancy. The research sample was 54 respondents who were pregnant women from March to May 2021. The results showed that 29 respondents (53.7%) were obedient in taking drugs during pregnancy, based on the explanation of the majority of health workers, namely 34 people (79.1%), The majority of knowledge is good, namely 35 people (72.9%). Based on the attitude of the majority positive, namely 44 people (68.8%), based on anxiety about drug side effects the majority were 33 people (68.8%), based on the frequency of routine ANC visits (≥4x) namely 32 people (59.2% ). It is hoped that pregnant women can pay attention to the rules and procedures for taking drugs during this pregnancy.


This research was conducted in order to obtain empirical evidence of the Effect of Institutional Ownership, Managerial Ownership, Audit Committee, Brand Name Audit and Company Size on Financial Statement Integrity.
After the purposive sampling method, 30 banking companies meet the criteria. Period in this research for 3 years from 2014 until 2016, so that obtained 90 samples of research data. Analysis method in this research using logistic regression test.
Regression test results in the variable table in the equation shows that managerial ownership variables do not have a significant influence on the variable integrity of financial statements. While the variables of institutional ownership, audit committee, brand name audit and firm size have influence siginfikan to variable integrity of financial statement.


We present a singular value decomposition (SVD) filtering method for attenuation of the ground roll. Before the SVD computation, the normal move-out (NMO) correction is applied to the seismograms, with the purpose of flattening the reflections. SVD is performed on a small number of traces in a sliding window. The output trace is the central trace of the first few eigenimages. These contains mostly horizontally aligned signals, and other noise in the data will be suppressed. The new method preserves the character and frequency content of the horizontal reflections and attenuates all other type of events. We illustrate the method using land seismic data of the Tacutu basin, located in the north-east part of Brazil. The results show that the proposed method is effective and is able to reveal reflections masked by the ground-roll.


Fibrinogen mediates the processes of platelet aggregation and clot retraction. Previous studies have demonstrated that fibrinogen binding to the platelet receptor αβ requires the C-terminal residues of the fibrinogen chain. We made a recombinant human fibrinogen that lacks the chain C-terminal four residues (AGDV). As expected this fibrinogen did not support platelet aggregation. Unexpectedly, this variant did support clot retraction that was indistinguishable from retraction with normal recombinant or plasma fibrinogen. These results suggest that the site on fibrinogen that is required for platelet aggregation differs from the site on fibrin that is required for clot retraction.


The project describes a system for detecting cardiac murmurs so people are aware about their heart condition. The murmurs are the pathologic heart sounds that are produced because of turbulent blood flow that is enough to cause audible noise. Murmurs can be detected by a stethoscope but the accuracy level is not satisfactory. Different methods have been developed for detection and all are efficient enough but looking cost aspect a system should be designed that detect murmurs easily with maximum accuracy level. The designed system calculates the low energy rate (LER) from the recorded cardiac signals and then classifies the signals and either normal or murmur signal. The system is completely compatible with personal computer or a laptop for data visualization. Under the experiment a large number of people have been tested and results are consulted with a physician too. Results described for system designed to detect murmur classify signal either normal (LER >0.8) or murmur (LER <0.8)


This paper presents a visual environment for building process simulators which is specifi cally aimed at integrating the construction of a model and the organization of the corre sponding simulation code, providing the user with easy and extensive control of both phases. The environment relies entirely on a graphical programming language, which permits easy creation of flexible and effective user interfaces for the simulators. It adopts a modular approach, so as to simplify its maintenance and extension. A real-size case is treated to demonstrate the capacity of the proposed environment.


The photochemistry of the carbon-nitrogen double bond was first explored in depth in the seventies (Padwa, 1977; Pratt, 1977). The low photochemical reactivity of this bond is due to the deactivation of the excited state of the imine by E–Z isomerization processes, which do not have any synthetic utility because of their very low energy barrier for thermal conversion (Padwa & Albrecht, 1974a, 1974b). However, the presence of an electronegative atom on the nitrogen opens up the field of reactivity. Studies on the energies of the N–O bonds in acyloximes show that this bond can easily undergo homolytic cleavage induced by ultraviolet light, a process that leads to iminyl radicals (Okada et al., 1969). The use of radicals has proven to be a useful tool in organic synthesis (Renaud & Sibi, 2001; Togo, 2004; Zard, 2003). In particular, the cyclization of nitrogen-centred radicals, such as aminyl or iminyl radicals (Chart 1), is a valuable procedure for the preparation of nitrogen heterocycles (Fallis & Brinza, 1997; Zard, 2008). It is therefore necessary to have effective methods for the production of these radicals.


We report the delivery to the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes of target pixel and light curve files for up to 160,000 targets selected from full-frame images (FFI) for each TESS Northern hemisphere observing sector. The data include calibrated target pixels, simple aperture photometry flux time series, and presearch data conditioning corrected flux time series. These data provide TESS users with high quality, uniform pipeline products for a selection of FFI targets, that would otherwise not be readily available. Additionally, we deliver cotrending basis vectors derived from the FFI targets to allow users to perform their own systematic error corrections. The selected targets include all 2 minute targets and additional targets selected from the TESS Input Catalog with a maximum of 10,000 targets per sector on each of the sixteen TESS CCDs. The data products are in the same format as the project-delivered files for the TESS 2 minute targets.


This paper examines the relationship between non-arbitrariness and Article 14 of the Constitution. It contends that the traditional test of reasonable classification incorporates a component of non-arbitrariness which has been overlooked in academic literature and case law. The paper argues that the test of reasonable classification should be revisited and recalibrated to meet the normative demands of Article 14. Finally, the paper attempts to demarcate the scope of non-arbitrariness review under Article 14 with respect to the nature of state action.


PROBLEM: Over the years immunocontraception has emerged as a promising modality. Theoretically it is possible to intercept fertility using a panel of antigens expressed along the entire pituitary, hypothalamus and gonadal axis. One such sperm antigen designated as SP‐10 is in advanced stages of development. Its gene has been cloned by Wright et al. (Biol Reprod 1990; 42:693–701). It is envisaged that immunization with SP‐10 would induce anti‐sperm antibodies in females and hence interrupt fertility. However, the in vivo effect of SP‐10 immunization has been assessed in male rodents with particular reference to spermatogenesis and effect of such immunization in various tissues. The SP‐10 antigen was a generous gift from Dr. John Herr.


Aiming at the problem of the one-sided and incomplete nature for the current concept similarity computation,this paper presents an improved concept semantic similarity computation method which is based on semantic distance.It spreads semantic distance from three sides of the information contained in directed edge,the directed edge type and concept density,turns semantic distance to semantic similarity.At the same time,this paper introduces the dissymmetry factor,and makes the last concept semantic similarity computation more exact.Comparing this method with information-based method,distance-based method and the human subjective judgment,result proves that this method is feasible and valid.


IA-64 architecture supports a number of advanced architectural features designed to get around low level performance bottlenecks and improve performance. Such features include explicit instruction-level parallelism, instruction predication, and speculative loads from memory. These features are exposed to the compiler, however, that compiler optimizations to take advantage of such architectural features can profoundly restructure the program's code, making it potentially difficult to reconstruct the original program logic from an optimized executable. This paper describes several techniques to undo some of the effects of such optimizations and thereby improve the quality and efficiency of IA-64 binary translation.


Using a qualitative approach, this study aims to conduct a study of academic quality assurance standards at the Faculty of Social Sciences, Manado State University. From the research it was concluded that: Some of the seminars and examinations conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences were not in accordance with the existing Internal Quality Assurance Standards, thus affecting the academic quality at the Faculty of


Attendees at this year's Fall Meeting in San Francisco, Calif., will have new ways to plan ahead for the meeting and increase their ability to network with colleagues.


Lumbar pedicle screw rod stabilization surgery is done increa sing for degenerative spine disease. Implant hardware failure is reported variedly by different series, and many case reports of rare complications exist in literature. Migration of contoured rod into lumbar spinal canal is rarely reported. The clinical presentation of such a patient with radiculopathy and no focal neurological failure and subsequent naunces in the meticulous removal of the rod to avoid further injury to the cord or root is discussed.


We state a necessary and sufficient condition for equality of two nonzero decomposable symmetrized tensors when the symmetrizer is associated with an irreducible character of the symmetric group of degree m .


Objective
To investigate the effect of enolase of Candida albicans (C.albicans) on human neutrophils.

Methods
Molecular cloning method was applied to plasmids construcion, cloning, expression and recombinant enolase purification, and density gradient centrifugation was used to isolate the human neutrophils. The effects of recombinant enolase on human neutrophils were observed by DCFH-DA method, SYTOX green and immunofluorescence. The positive control (SC5314 group) was neutrophils stimulated by C.albicans SC5314 (neitrophil∶C.albicans = 5∶1) and the negative control was neutrophils without stimulation. One-Way ANOVA and Tukey′s test were applied for statistical analysis.

Results
Recombinant enolase, 46 kDa, was successfully cloned and purified. Recombinant enolase could stimulate neutrophils to produce the intracellular ROS, which has no significant difference compared with those induced by C.albicans SC5314 group at 30, 60 and 120 min. Sytox green quantitative and immunoflu-orescence observation of extracellular DNA showed that recombinant enolase also could induce human neutrophils to form NETs. NETs quantitative results showed that there was no significant difference between SC5314 group[ (12.41 ± 2.00) %] and enolase group[ (11.0 ± 2.5) %] at 2 h (F = 6.13, P= 0.0886) , but enolase group[ (22.2 ± 2.0) %) ]was significant lower than SC5314 group [ (31.4 ± 3.1) %] at 4 h (F = 9.745, P = 0.0370) .

Conclusion
Recombinant enolase of C.albicans could induce human neu-trophils to form NETs.

Key words:
Enolase; Candida albicans; Neutrophils; Extracellular traps


The discussion about the possible taxation of the f inancial sector has started in the European Union as a result of the financial crisis. Taxes on financial transactions could be used as regulatory tools and lso as the new own resource of public revenue. Nevertheless, it is a question, whether the financial transaction tax (hereinafter as FTT) can represent suffici ent resource in order to fully replace GNI (Gross National Income) contribution of EU Member States into the EU budget. The aim of the paper is to estimate the value of FTT revenues as a new possible own resource of EU budget. The empir ical results represent that the FTT revenues could be range between EUR 24.9 – 28.3 bn. for EU-11 per


ABSTRACT Background High dietary intake or blood concentrations (as biomarkers of dietary intake) of vitamin C, carotenoids, and vitamin E have been associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality, but these associations have not been systematically assessed. Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of dietary intake and blood concentrations of vitamin C, carotenoids, and vitamin E in relation to these outcomes. Design We searched PubMed and Embase up to 14 February 2018. Summary RRs and 95% CIs were calculated with the use of random-effects models. Results Sixty-nine prospective studies (99 publications) were included. The summary RR per 100-mg/d increment of dietary vitamin C intake was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.79, 0.98, I2 = 65%, n = 11) for coronary heart disease, 0.92 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.98, I2 = 68%, n = 12) for stroke, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.94, I2 = 27%, n = 10) for cardiovascular disease, 0.93 (95% CI: 0.87, 0.99, I2 = 46%, n = 8) for total cancer, and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.94, I2 = 80%, n = 14) for all-cause mortality. Corresponding RRs per 50-μmol/L increase in blood concentrations of vitamin C were 0.74 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.83, I2 = 0%, n = 4), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.61, 0.81, I2 = 0%, n = 4), 0.76 (95% CI: 0.65, 0.87, I2 = 56%, n = 6), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.82, I2 = 0%, n = 5), and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.66, 0.79, I2 = 0%, n = 8). Dietary intake and/or blood concentrations of carotenoids (total, β-carotene, α-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lycopene) and α-tocopherol, but not dietary vitamin E, were similarly inversely associated with coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and/or all-cause mortality. Conclusions Higher dietary intake and/or blood concentrations of vitamin C, carotenoids, and α-tocopherol (as markers of fruit and vegetable intake) were associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality. These results support recommendations to increase fruit and vegetable intake, but not antioxidant supplement use, for chronic disease prevention.


The rapid development of network technology has created a multimedia application enters the world of internet. Skype, Yahoo Messenger, Facebook and Line are some examples of applications that provides multimedia features such as free call (VoIP) and video call (video conference) in it. Most of these applications typically use UDP instead of TCP as the transport protocol. The increased of UDP traffic has threaten TCP traffic that appears issues of fairness between the two protocols. In 2006 the IETF introduced a new protocol called Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP) CCID2 and CCID3. In fact it's almost 8 years was introduced to the public, such applications are not using DCCP instead of UDP. So the question of performance, fairness and the Quality of Service level arises for multimedia data services between UDP and DCCP. Based on the results of testing against the Protocol UDP and DCCP, it is found that the average bandwidth utilization between UDP and CCID2 are respectively, 62.15% and 36.54%, the packet loss 1.12% and 10.08%, both of the delay 627 ms, both of the jitter 141 ms and both of the fairness 0.923. Furthermore, the average bandwidth utilization between UDP and CCID3 reaches 63% and 29.79%, the packet loss 0.5% and 0.92%, the delay 148ms and 283ms, the jitter 46ms and 79ms and both of the fairness 0.874. In summary, it can be concluded that the DCCP CCID2 has better performance and more suitable for VoIP/Video Conferencing instead of using the DCCP CCID3.


Middle East and North Africa (MENA) has been experiencing a unique demographic transition in the world especially after September 11, whilst, its social, political and economic structures have considerably remained inflexible and can hardly meet the increasing demands of employment among the youth whose expectations are raised through expansion in education. In spite of various common causes for the Arab uprisings, the paper spotlights the "Youth role" and its regarded issues of "Youth Bulge", "Education" and "Unemployment" with a glimpse to the overturned regimes of "Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Yemen". According to published statistics these countries are among the countries with the highest rate of youth as working age population in MENA. Therefore, the paper is to present the importance and impact of youth as a social parameter in challenging political structure of the countries in the MENA and leading to topple their political systems. Thus, the paper reasons the MENA political upheavals, in general, and the mentioned countries' uprisings, in particular, can not be well understood disregarding to natural tensions between economic, population structures, and political demographic challenges. This is to be done drawing on data from different international institutions. The intervened variables such as "ethnicity, race, religion and sexuality" and international parameters have not been considered.


In this thesis, neutronics and some relevant transient analyses of the European Lead-Cooled Training Reactor (ELECTRA) are analyzed. ELECTRA is a low-power lead-cooled fast reactor intended for tra ...


1. H. Stephen Williams, MD, MPH*

1. *Associate Professor of Pediatrics, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, Ann Arbor, Mich

Our 12-member university pediatric group, mindful of the variables of practice and committed to thoughtful review, discussion, and consensus-seeking around available evidence, has taken advantage of the recognized need to develop and introduce into our practice an interactive process that promises to narrow variation in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to common problems encountered in the office. This effort was designed to enhance efficiency and effectiveness of care, reduce confusion among patients and parents, promote recruitment and retention of families, and strengthen medical student and resident teaching. In this article, we share the process developed, results to date, and planned future applications. We also invite suggestions to strengthen the usefulness of this evolving process.

The Department of Pediatrics in the College of Osteopathic Medicine at Michigan State University maintains three private practice outpatient clinics and provides contractual services to three Ingham County Community Health Department sites. The 12 faculty members include 11 Board-certified pediatricians, both DOs and MDs, and 1 PhD nurse practitioner. Although some research is carried out, members are focused primarily on the teaching of medical students and residents and the delivery of care to patients. Experience of the participants in pediatrics after training varies from 1 to 30 years.

Extensive and difficult-to-defend variation in practice was identified initially in the landmark studies of John Wennberg at Dartmouth University. Physicians committed to evidence-based practice must integrate reproducible research-based findings regarding efficiency and effectiveness in diagnosis and treatment into clinical settings where experience and expertise vary widely and patient preferences must be respected. In terms of patients seen, time pressures experienced, patient expectations encountered, and financial challenges felt, our practice is no different from most general pediatric practices that teach students and residents. The author's impression, after having been in this practice for nearly 1 year, was that the range …


A periodic deformation can arise in a nematic liquid crystal(NLC)-cell with unidirectional planar alignment, when the NLC with positive susceptivity anisotropy is subjected to an external magnetic field. Such a periodic Frederiks distortion occurs, both in the case of strong- and weak-anchoring, if the ratio twist- to splay-elastic constants is lower than a critical value: the cell behaves as a diffraction grating. Here the optical phase retardation of a transmitted polarized light beam normally incident on the sample is studied in the approximation of small distortion, in order to find its dependence on the anchoring conditions. We show that the distortion periodicity goes as the 2nd-harmonic of the in-plane grating, close to Frederiks periodic threshold.


Neutron penumbral imaging is an important diagnosis technique in laser-driven inertial confinement fusion experiment. In order to refine the resolution of 5 μm, it is necessary to develop nonlinear methods in reconstructing the detected imaging. In this paper, the authors improve the molecular dynamics method by using the Leap-frog format to increase convergence, and adding the edge-preserving regularization to suppress the edge-diffusion. Furthermore, the conjugate gradient method is also studied, and the relationship and differences between these two methods are revealed. Comparing the reconstruction results of the two methods, the advantages and disadvantages are analyzed for detecting images with noise.


Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the efficacy of lycopene in the management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and to compare its efficacy with intralesional betamethasone injections. Materials and Methods: Forty-four patients were divided randomly into two groups. Group I subjects were treated with 10,000 mcg of lycopene (Lyconex) daily, in two equally divided doses, for two months. Group II subjects were given intralesional injections of betamethasone. Both the groups were assessed in terms of mouth opening and burning sensation. Results: A significant improvement in mouth opening was seen in both the groups and the improvement was better in Group I. The mean improvement in mouth opening in Group I was 37.62% (12 mm) at the end of the study, which was statistically highly significant and weekly evaluation revealed that this high significance was from the third week onward, and Group II patients (only intralesional steroids) showed an average improvement of 13% (3.9 mm) at the final follow-up visit. Conclusion: Lycopene (Lyconex) is better than intralesional betamethasone injections in improving mouth opening and decreasing burning sensation.


Super-glassy polymer membranes have suffered from the trade-off relationship between permeability and selectivity for gas separation applications, despite the fact that membrane technology exhibits remarkable energy efficiency advantages over other...


The INFRALAB project, road maintenance on the A27, is now carried out, and may give an answer on the difficult interaction between the central government and the public opinion as regards the development of an adequate infrastructure. This paper considers the experiences obtained from the exchange of know-how and the consequences thereof. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 876637.


ABSTRACT TIP49 is a component of the mammalian chromatin modification/remodeling complexes TRRAP-TIP60 and INO80 that modulate the access of homologous recombination proteins to the damaged DNA. To study the sub-cellular organization of TIP49 in the process of homologous recombination, human PC3 cells were treated with mitomycin C and ionizing radiation and subjected to immunofluorescent microscopy. The results showed that TIP49 was not reorganized in the cells to form damage-induced nuclear foci. Fractionation of mitomycin C treated cells into cytoplasmic and soluble nuclear proteins, chromatin, and nuclear matrix fractions revealed that over 60% of TIP49 were constitutively bound to chromatin and the nuclear matrix and there were no gross damage-induced changes in the distribution of TIP49 among the fractions. The spatial pattern of the TIP49 response to DNA damage allowed us to classify TIP49 in the group of repair regulators that do not form cytologically discernible nuclear foci.


Recently, an acoustic method is used in a water industry to detect and localise the leak in the water pipeline. However, the acoustic leak detection is only feasible for the metal pipes and has several limitations when applied to soft materials like plastic pipes. The objective of this paper is to investigate the accuracy of leakage detection for an Acrylonitrille Butadience Styrene (ABS) pipe using a vibration technique. This paper employs an accelerometer sensor called MPU6050 to measure the vibration in the water pipeline from three different axes, which are x-, y- and z-axis. The water pipeline used in this study is a high pressure pipe, which is an inch size of ABS pipe with a length of approximately 10 meters. We used an Arduino controller board to process the vibration data from the accelerometer sensor and transmit (Tx) the data over wireless ZigBee networks every ten millisecond elapsed time. The water pipeline system is examined based on three states, (i) no pipe leakage, (ii) a l mm, and (iii) a 3mm sizes of leaking holes. In our experiments, the pressure is varied at four different levels, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 kgf/cm2. The main finding can be summarized as follow: 1) when the pressure is varied to 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 kgf/cm2, the frequency has significant difference between no leak and leakage conditions, 2) when the pressure is varied to 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0kgf/cm2, the frequency can identify the sizes of the leaking holes, and 3) when the pressure is varied to 1.2kgf/cm2, the leakage hole size is difficult to identify, but the normal and abnormal conditions can be determined.


A self-adaptation convexity change hot rolled plate shape control model belongs to the technical field of plate and strip hot rolling process analysis and control. The self-adaptation convexity change hot rolled plate shape control model comprises a strip-loaded roller system convexity computation module, a material flatness dead zone computation module, a strip steel convexity range computation module, outlet convexity computation modules of various racks, a roller system convexity self-learning computation module, a target convexity self-learning computation module and a self-adaptation convexity correction computation module. The self-adaptation convexity change hot rolled plate shape control model has the advantages that straightness of hot rolling strip steel is acted as a priority target, ,on the premise that the target convexity is guaranteed, strip steel convexity change of the racks are optimized through self-adaptation convexity correction computation according to rolling parameters provided by a rolling model and with the combination of roller system characteristics of the racks, and therefore under the condition that wide strip steel, narrow strip steel, thin strip steel and thick strip steel are rolled in a mixed mode, strip steel straightness and target convexity control are stable, and the hit rate of strip steel target convexity control is improved.


This study aims to determine the improvement of students' reading skills in teaching reading by reading books outside of learning such as articles/news in newspapers in the subject of asking and giving directions. The subject of the study consisted of 30 students sitting in the tenth grade. The researcher applies a mixed methods design, which is an embedded design. The instruments used are tests and questionnaires. Samples were taken using random sampling technique. The finding indicates that the teacher's way in the classroom is effective in improving students' reading skills. This can be seen from the average results of the total questionnaire of 100% of students (10% strongly agree and 90% agree) are very happy when reading and like to ask questions with the teacher. In summary, reading is the most important language skill that students must master. Reading enables students to develop their own language and experience. They will access to the information and ideas they must know.


Neurolysis of the celiac plexus has been performed to relieve intractable pain caused by carcinoma of the pancreas, liver, gall bladder or stomach. It is also occasionally effective in controlling the pain of chronic pancreatitis. In practice, however celiac plexus block is not a simple procedure to the beginner. The results and complications are variable. In order to correctly inject neurolytic agents into or near the celiac plexus and to reduce the time consumed to perform celiac plexus block, we used CT scanner for 7 cases of alcohol celiac plexus block. The effects will be described. The purpose of this article is to improve the technical aspect of celiac plexus block to the beginner.


While quantum theory has been tested to an incredible degree on microscopic scales, quantum effects are seldom observed in our everyday macroscopic world. The curious results of applying quantum mechanics to macroscopic objects are perhaps best illustrated by Erwin Schrodinger's famous thought experiment, where a cat can be put into a superposition state of being both dead and alive. Obviously, these quantum predictions are in stark contradiction to our common experience. Even with plenty of theoretical explanations put forward to explain this discrepancy, a large number of questions about the frontier between the quantum and the classical world remain unanswered.

To distinguish between classical and quantum behavior, two fundamental concepts inherent to classical physics have been established over the years: The world view of local realism limits the power of classical experiments to establish correlations over space, while the world view of macroscopic realism (or macrorealism) restricts temporal correlations. Necessary conditions for both world views have been formulated in the form of Bell and Leggett-Garg inequalities, and Bell inequalities have been shown to be violated by quantum mechanics through increasingly conclusive experiments. Furthermore, many challenging steps towards convincing violations of macrorealism have been taken in a number of recent experiments.

In the first part of this thesis, conditions for macrorealism are analyzed in detail. Two necessary conditions for macrorealism, the original Leggett-Garg inequality and the recently proposed no-signaling in time condition, are presented. It is then shown that a combination of no-signaling in time conditions is not only necessary but also sufficient for the existence of a macrorealistic description. Finally, an operational formulation of no-signaling in time, in terms of positive-operator valued measurements and Hamiltonians, is derived.

In the next part, we argue that these results lead to a suitable definition of classical behavior. In particular, we provide a formalism to judge the classicality of measurements and time evolutions. We then proceed to apply it to a number of exemplary measurement operators and Hamiltonians. Finally, we argue for the importance of spontaneously realized Hamiltonians in our intuition of classical behavior.

Next, differences between local realism and macrorealism are analyzed. For this purpose, the probability polytopes for spatially and temporally separated experiments are compared, and a fundamental difference in the power of quantum mechanics to build both types of correlations is discovered. This result shows that Fine's theorem, which states that a set of Bell inequalities is necessary and sufficient for local realism, is not transferable to macrorealism. Thus, (Leggett-Garg) inequalities are in principle not well-suited for tests of macrorealism, as they can never form a necessary and sufficient condition, and unnecessarily restrict the violating parameter space. No-signaling in time is both better suited and more strongly motivated from the underlying physical theory.

In the final part of this thesis, a concrete experimental setup for implementing quantum experiments with macroscopic objects is proposed. It consists of a superconducting micro-sphere in the Meisner state, which is levitated by magnetic fields. Through its expelled magnetic field, the sphere's center-of-mass motion couples to a superconducting quantum circuit. Properly tuned, ground state cooling can be realized, since the sphere's motion is extremely well isolated from the surrounding environment. This setup therefore is a promising candidate for the observation of quantum effects in macroscopic systems.


Many of users play Mobil Social Network Games (M-SNG). M-SNGs are played through social network, and typically features multiplayer and asynchronous gameplay mechanics. It is most often implemented as mobile devices with mobile instant messenger app. Kakaotalk provids mobile game platform. The purpose of this study is to find significant factors that have effects on the commitment of M-SNGs. We also conduct multi-group comparison test to study the difference in factors of models between time t and time t1. Time t is October, 2012 and time t1 is April, 2016. This study is to empirically test the research model using data collected from M-SNGs' users. We survey two different groups of time t and time t1 people with the same model. We use structural equation model analysis with AMOS 18.0 and compare two models of different times. This study is to give academicians and practitioners insight about its effects and implications


This paper presents an advanced control technique for power density maximization of the brushless DC (BLDC) generator by using linear tracking method. In a generator of given rating, the weight and size of the system affect the fuel consumption directly therefore, power density is one of the most important issues in a stand-alone generator. The optimal current waveform for maximizing power density and minimizing machine size and weight in a nonsinusoidal power supply system has been proposed and verified by simulation and experiment. Also, a new simple algebraic method has been proposed to accomplish the proposed control without a FFT which is time consuming and complicated.


The physicochemical properties and adsorption performance of activated carbon prepared from sandal fruits for the removal of lead and copper from aqueous solution was investigated using batch adsorption process. The influence of important parameters like initial metal concentration, temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time were studied. The result indicated that adsorption capacity increased with increase in the initial metal concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time up to an equilibrium point when adsorption stabilizes or decrease with further change in the parameters. The sorption process either decreases with increased temperature or does not change with changed in temperature. FTIR analysis results of the adsorbent includes; 3250-3400 cm -1 ; 1640-1670 cm -1 ; 1000-1260 cm-1 which revealed the presence of functional groups such as the carboxylic acid or alcoholic O-H bond stretching, amine (N-H) bond stretching, C=O bond of carbonyl or amide groups, C-O and O-H bond stretching of alcohol and ethers. The surface area, iodine number, bulk density, particle density, ash content and porosity of the adsorbent determined were; 649.5m 2 /g, 614.7 mg/g, 0.921g/cm3, 0.72g/cm3 and 26.4% respectively The equilibrium sorption data proved that the process fit well into Freundlich better than Langmuir isotherm model as indicated with high correlation coefficients high ˃ 0.95 . The results obtained in this study indicated the high adsorption ability of sandal fruit for Pb and Cu, proving it to be excellent biosorbent.


Beloved is an American novel which tells about an ex-slave's life named Sethe
who has traumatic slavery experiences. Sethe is a victim of slavery, but her behavior
also causes many other victims; they are her children (Howard and Buglar who ran
away because frightened of the baby ghost, Beloved who becomes victim of her own
mother's killing, and Denver who is trapped in her loneliness) and Paul D who loves
Sethe but could not quickly reach her because Sethe is not confident with her own
future.
A person who has trauma in her life has a potential to being psychologically-ill
besides suffering physical abuse. Through the psychological theories formulated by
Kretschmer and Hurlock, it is found that Sethe's behavior after the slavery
experience is considered abnormal and thus, judges her to be mentally ill.


The structural organization of a 2-days-old rat offspring's liver at low-protein diet during pregnancy has been studied by methods of electron microscopy. It has been shown that protein malnutrition during pregnancy results in structural changes testifying to decrease of intensity of metabolic processes in offspring's liver: decrease in volumetric and numerical density of developing blood cells, decrease in volumetric and numerical density of mitochondria, numerical density of ribosomes. Significant accumulation of lipids and glicogen in hepatocytes also can be consequence of delay of metabolic processes, and promote in the further to development a liver steatosis.


An important feature of African village economies in the 1980s and 1990s has been the initiatives of local people in responding to the severe contraction in national economies and the structural changes introduced as part of the World Bank/IMF-inspired structural adjustment programs (SAPs) (Elabor-Idemudia 1993; Gladwin 1991; Taylor and MacKenzie 1992). This paper discusses the ongoing strategies of the women of a Ghanaian village to fluctuations in the domestic economy over the past decade, including responses to structural adjustment measures of the past few years emanating from the national center. Testimonies of women about contemporary economic changes and the impact on their households are presented to highlight women's culturally constructed ways of reflecting on their daily lives. The ways in which changing economic situations have affected female roles in rural production and women's position in society have significant implications for national development. Moock (1986), Amadiume (1987), Beneria (1981) and Stamp (1989), among others, have pointed to the explanatory power of gender as a primary organizing principle of rural production and society. The significance of gender is twofold: first, as a means of categorizing labor and household headship; and secondly, as "fundamental to understanding structures and actions, including production relationships within and across households, the setting of goals and priorities, the mobilization of resources, risk-taking and the rights to benefits derived from increased agricultural productivity (Moock 1986, 7; see also Berry, 1985). In African rural economies, men and women have different cycles of rights and responsibilities. Through food production, women control their own cycles of rights and responsibilities. They are primarily responsible for and are concerned with the means by which the household is provisioned (Guyer 1984, 1986, 101; Henn 1983, 1984, 1; Bryson 1981). Most men earn their primary income from cash (export) cropping and the sale of their labor.


To improve the accuracy of short-term traffic flow forecasting, a combined forecasting method based on nonparametric regression is proposed in this paper. In this method, two independent forecasting models are introduced and the matching parameters of them are selected from the prediction and neighbor node, respectively. Grey correlation degree and correlation coefficient are used to determinate the input variables of pattern matching for the two forecasting model, respectively. Finally, the two forecasting model are combined together and entropy theory is utilized to determine the weight of each single forecasting model. With simulation using highway traffic data, it is demonstrated that the proposed combined forecasting method can effectively improve the forecasting accuracy.


This study aimed to analyze the causality relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in Egypt during the period from 1980 to 2019. The study used the Autoregressive Distributed Lag ARDL (bounds test) approach to test the longrun relationships between the study's economic variables (GDP, military expenditure, and fixed capital Formation). also the study used Granger causality and Toda-Yamamoto (TY) methodology to conduct the causality test. The study's main findings are that there is a unidirectional causality relationship between these variables, where: military expenditure does not cause GDP, however GDP causes military expenditure. And military expenditure does not cause fixed capital; however, fixed capital causes military expenditure. And fixed capital causes GDP, however GDP does not cause fixed capital. Having regard to this study's findings, the study recommend that the Egyptian Government should ensure that the country's economic resources are allocated optimally to all sectors to achieve both the maximum amount of economic growth and the efficient utilization of the available resources.


What does it take to convert a heap of sequencing data into a publishable result? First, common tools are employed to reduce primary data (sequencing reads) to a form suitable for further analyses (i.e., list of variable sites). The subsequent exploratory stage is much more ad hoc and requires development of custom scripts making it problematic for biomedical researchers. Here we describe a hybrid platform combining common analysis pathways with exploratory environments. It aims at fully encompassing and simplifying the "raw data-to-publication" pathway and making it reproducible.


The application of the secure policy about Web server′s system and maintenance are expatiated. The secure performance of Web server is greatly increased by means of setting the secure policy.


In this paper, the shortcomings and their causes of the conventional homodyne time interval analysis (TIA) method is described with respect to its software algorithm and hardware implementation, based on which a simplified TIA method is proposed with the help of virtual instrument technology. Equipped with an ordinary Michelson interferometer and dual channel synchronous data acquisition card, the primary vibration calibration system using the simplified method can perform measurements of complex sensitivity of accelerometers accurately, meeting the uncertainty requirements laid down in pertaining ISO standard. The validity and accuracy of the simplified TIA method is verified by simulation and comparison experiments with its performance analyzed. This simplified method is recommended to apply in national metrology institute of developing countries and industrial primary vibration calibration labs for its simplified algorithm and low requirements on hardware.


The material conditions for countries and peoples' existence are now changing signifiantly and sharply and put forward new requirements for the quality of reproductive mechanisms. To a large extent, this process is related to the village, which seeks to increase agricultural productivity, but cannot yet become on a par with industrial potential. The gap between these two parts of a single economic organism is large and is especially noticeable in developing countries and, in particular, in Egypt. This country is extremely poor in agricultural resources; it has been trying for decades to overcome the threat of hunger, sometimes achieving moderate success in some areas. But on the whole, it can only follow events in a catch-up mode. Now Egypt is entering a new phase of the struggle for food sovereignty and an unclear fial result. However, the state's current policy is focused on making food security solvable.


Most manufactured goods follow a common process through their lifecycle to production. Design, Manufacture, Inspect is a generalized way to consider process, stages and responsibilities. Each one being key to producing high quality parts. Depending on the complexity and nature of the part being manufactured, the real workflow can have many tuning loops and feedback. CHALLENGE Multistage manufacturing can introduce uncertainty and process deviation which accumulate into end part results which are not accurate. Corrective investigations are challenging to perform unless a systematic approach is taken with the proper tools


Future automobiles are being developed with the fusion of autonomous driving technology and environmentally friendly electric vehicles. For an autonomous vehicle to successfully drive on its own, it is necessary for the vehicle to create a driving path and recognize the surrounding environment by us...


A-DNA and B-DNA are two secondary molecular conformations (among other allomorphs) that double-stranded DNA drawn into a fiber can assume, depending on the relative water content and other chemical parameters of the fiber. They were the first two forms to be observed by X-ray fiber diffraction in the early 1950s, respectively by Wilkins and Gosling and by Franklin and Gosling. Their corresponding historical diffraction diagrams played an equally crucial role in the discovery of the primary double-helical structure of the DNA molecule by Watson and Crick in 1953. This paper provides a comparative explanation of the structural content of the two diagrams treated on the same footing. The analysis of the diagrams is supported by the optical transform method with which both A-DNA and B-DNA X-ray images can be simulated optically. The simulations use a simple laser pointer and a dozen optical diffraction gratings, all held on a single diffraction slide. The gratings have been specially designed to pinpoint just which of the structural elements of the molecule is responsible for each of the revealing features of the fiber diffraction images.


Members of the genus Dioscorea, food yams, were introduced to Jamaica from Africa during the slave era and have remained a staple in local diets and national cuisine. Yam cultivation has also been an important economic activity providing employment for thousands of rural Jamaicans. Until the 1960s yams were grown for local use by subsistence growers for home consumption or by commercial growers for sale in local produce markets. Since then, however, yam has also grown to become an important export crop. With its value added potential virtually untouched, this crop possesses intriguing possibilities from the standpoint of food security and rural livelihoods in yam growing areas of Jamaica. At the same time there are concerns about the ecological and economic sustainability of yam farming under current conditions. In this paper we will analyze the sustainability of yam cultivation and consider concrete strategies for increasing the environmental sustainability and enhancing its contribution to food security.


Understanding the unequal distribution of species diversity is one of the greatest challenges in ecology. Standardized sampling protocol for diversity assessment are there for essential to reflect diversity patterns across spatial scales and to compare the diversities of different ecosystems. Measurements of biodiversity at the level of species or inhabitants are directed towards the fulfillment of an index of the number of species and their relative abundances in a given landscape. Massive loss of valuable plant species in the past centuries and its adverse impact on environmental and socioeconomic values has caused the conservation of plant resources. Appropriate identification and characterization of plant materials is important for the successful conservation of plant resources and to ensure their sustainable use. This review presents a basic description of different techniques that may be used for analysis of plant species. This chapter also includes an overview of the diverse, predominantly molecular techniques used in assessing plant genetic diversity.


The present invention discloses a heavy duty vehicle after the secondary containment rack and pinion means to solve the prior art has failed protective fragile, easy to drill into the car, heavy weight, high cost, the apparatus comprises a shield frame means, the main drive shaft assembly protection, protection sub-drive shaft assembly, the main barrier slide assembly, the main assembly of the rear bumper guard, bumper guard sub-assembly, the sensor output of the motor controller assembly and dual, the present invention is a rack and pinion heavy vehicles smart guard after two stepping motor and mechanical transmissions for heavy vehicle owner, the sub-control the rear bumper, the gear wheel, the gear rack and the drive output of the motor output bis after the torque are applied to the primary and secondary protective bumper, and controlling the linear movement can be adjusted according to the actual guard condition after ground clearance, the present guard durable, long life, simple structure, easy to install, cost more low, easy to market.


In this paper we have pointed at several approaches in regarding the various aspects of software engineering. We have given stress on reliability, functionality, upgradation in terms of mathematical realization. In this paper we have also tried to find out optimum throughput using the concept of pattern matching and decision making . Another approach is given in the light of statistical based gain estimation theory. Index terms software engineering, reliability, functionality, upgradation , decision making , throughput, pattern matching, estimation theory


According to the current situation for the political workers of this academy to be not enthusiastic in working and the political workers' working characteristics,the paper expounds some concrete measures of improving the political workers' enthusiasm in terms of grasping "the four combinations" and striving for "the six stresses".


The best way to represent the focus of the essay's analysis is by outlining its content. The Purposes and Methods of American Legal Education seeks to suggest the reasons, theoretical orientation, professional, technical and philosophical dimensions of graduate legal education. It examines purposes and strategies for enhancing education while offering a critique of what I consider to be fundamental flaws and assumptions that have inhibited the qualitative development of American legal education. Along with this analysis is consideration of primary methods of teaching and delineation of what the author considers the goals of the curriculum. The coverage of the analysis is most accurately demonstrated by its structure, as follows.I. Who Are We Teaching and Why?II. A Historical CritiqueA. Langdell and the "Scientific" Law SchoolB. The Anti-Intellectual Orthodoxy of the American Law SchoolIII. "Thinking Like a Lawyer"A. The Meaning of "Thinking" Like a Lawyer?B. Legal Interpretation as Involving the "Original and Natural" Idea of KnowledgeC. Lawyers and the "Shelf" of KnowledgeD. The Dynamics of Legal InterpretationIV. A Discussion of Educational MethodsA. Relatively Passive Educational MethodsB. More Active MethodsC. Distinctions between Educational Methods1. Lectures2. Mediating and Creating Experience, Active Learning and Critique3. The "Substantive Method" of Clinical TeachingV. An Outline of Educational Goals and MethodsA. Educational Goals Involving Institutional Analysis and Critique, Social Responsibility, Justice and Systemic ReformB. Educational Goals Involving Elements of Principled Professionalism, Professional Responsibility and Ethics, and Personal MoralityC. Educational Goals Involving Judgment, Analysis, Synthesis and Problem-SolvingD. Educational Goals Involving Substantive Law E. Educational Goals Involving Strategic Awareness and Technical Skills