The diagnostic utility of peripheral and renal vein renin estimations in rela tion to angiographic findings was evaluated in 13 patients with renovascular hyper tension and non-specific aortoarteritis (NSAA, Gr I), in comparison with 10 patients with renal artery stenosis due to other causes (Gr II). Plasma renin ac tivity (PRA) was measured by radioimmunoassay. Blood samples were collect ed after angiography from the femoral vein and renal vein on the affected side followed by sampling from the less affected or unaffected side. Renal vein renin ratio (RVRR) was calculated from renal vein renin values. The effect of cap topril (25 mg oral) on blood pressure, PRA, and RVRR was examined in 8 pa tients from each group. Normotensive volunteers (8) with moderately low salt intake were also included in the study for comparison of twenty-four-hour uri nary sodium output, peripheral PRA, and response to captopril. The mean peripheral PRA was high in both groups as compared with normo tensive controls; however, the values were lower in patients with NSAA. The rise in PRA in response to captopril was insignificant in Gr I (p >0.05) and RVRR > 1.5 was observed in 5 of 13 patients in contrast to 9 of 10 in Gr II (p < 0.05). A paradoxical ratio, ie, (high renal vein renin levels on the less stenotic side) was noticed in 3 patients of Gr I, whereas none of the patients of GR II showed such a ratio. An improvement in RVRR after captopril was observed in 50% of patients of Gr I as compared with a marked response in all patients of Gr II. The predictive value of RVRR for positive outcome of surgery or angioplasty could be assessed in only 5 patients owing to extensive bilateral involvement and poor general condition of patients with NSAA. Two patients with RVRR > 1.5 and 1 with a false-negative ratio were cured after unilateral nephrectomy/ angioplasty, whereas 2 with RVRR < 1.5 did not show any improvement; prob ably bilateral intervention in these was required. On the other hand, all the 8 patients of Gr II were benefited after unilateral intervention. It is concluded that peripheral PRA and RVRR are useful indices in patients with NSAA for diag nosis and planning surgery/angioplasty and also in avoiding unnecessary surgi cal intervention in patients with paradoxical ratio.


According to the report of Social Security Odice, Ministry ofLabour mid Social Welfhre, there was an obvious increase of iiijury cases due to ergonomic prvblem in industries. in 1992, there were 6,600 iiijury cases caused by matiual niaterial hatidling and became 15,406 cases in 1997; or 1,907 cases caused by working posture in 1992 and became 4,3g9 cases in 1997. 11ie iiijury cases caused by ergonomic problem were reported to be only 9% of tiie tota1 iiljury cases each year, Viis study was to reveal thc prevalence of muscuio-skelcta1 disorders (MSDs) due to iiidustrial work in Ziailatid.


A Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement (CRCP) design was prepared for a non-uniform pavement section of a dedicated guided bus route in the United Kingdom. The non-uniform section required full-depth thickness along the channelized wheel path and reduced thickness in the middle section which serves as drainage path. Using the current CRCP standard design method for UK presented a challenge because it was assumed that the method intrinsically accounts for lateral wander and therefore not applicable for channelized traffic. It was decided that a project specific design approach was needed for this project. Two structural models were used to understand the impact of reduced thickness in the middle section on the wheel path portion of the pavement. The first structural model is a generic finite element program that could simulate the response of any type of geometry. The second structural model is the pavement program EVERFE which was used to calibrate the generic finite element program for a uniform pavement thickness. Once the generic program was calibrated, the generic program with non-uniform thickness was used to understand the reduced pavement thickness in the middle portion of the section and its influence on the traffic path portion. This paper summarizes the structural analysis and the final design prepared for the project. The non-uniform section also includes an integrated curb as part of the guided bus route, which has tight horizontal spacing requirements to meet the operation demands of the guided bus system. The approach for developing the longitudinal and transverse reinforcement was similar to current state of art CRCP design methods.


In this paper we first present a technique for measuring dispersion curves from array data, that is both simple and efficient. We demonstrate its performance on both synthetic and field data. We then use the technique to compute dispersion curves for split flexural waves from cross-dipole data from the Powder River Basin in Wyoming. In this data set we consistently observe crossover of the fast and slow flexural waves, an indication of stressinduced anisotropy. Next, we demonstrate the effect that dispersion-curve crossover has on Alford rotation. Finally, we give a procedure for rapidly determining stress-induced anisotropy from crossed-dipole logs. Introduction This paper essentially consists of two parts. In the first part we introduce a simple yet efficient technique to measure dispersion curves of guided modes from array data. In the second part we apply this method to study the dispersive behavior of flexural modes for a crossed-dipole data set that was acquired in the Powder River Basin in Wyoming. In order to estimate phase velocities of dispersive guided waves from array waveforms, a processing scheme is required that will extract the dispersion curves from the data. One commonly used technique to accomplish this task is Prony's method (Lang et a!., 1987). A disadvantage of this method is that it often generates spurious estimates (Ellefsen et a!., 1993). Another shortcoming is that it requires regularly-spaced receivers, although this is not a problem for data acquired with logging tools with evenly-spaced receivers, such as the Schlumberger Dipole Sonic Imager (DSI). Ellefsen et a!. (1993) applied a technique called homomorphic processing and showed that it performed better than Prony's method as it did not generate any spurious arrivals. This method, however, has its own shortcomings. First, it cannot be applied to data in which more than one mode is present at any frequency. 1


Encephalocele and exencephaly are congenital malformations of the central nervous system with a frequency in Europe of 2.3/1000 births for the period 2003-2007. Purpose : To examine the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the malformations encephalocele and exencephaly and the associated abnormalities of the internal organs in autopsies of fetuses with neural tube defects (NTD). Materials and methods : Twenty-four fetuses with encephalocele and exencephaly were examined during a period of three years (2006-2009) in the Clinic of Fetopathology at the Center for Maternity and Neonatology – Tunisia. The fetuses were the result of interrupted pregnancies due to medical reasons, intrauterine fetal death, spontaneous abortions and neonatal death. Results : The most common encephalocele was the occipital – 25.0%, followed by the parietal – 4.17%. Exencephaly was found in 12.50% of the studied cases. Associated gastrointestinal anomalies are anomalies of the mesentery, hepatosplenomegaly, polysplenia, a supplemental spleen, and hepatomegaly. Associated anomalies of the urinary system are tubular bladder, polycystic kidney and abnormalities in the shape and position of the kidney. The respiratory system anomalies are represented by hypoplasia, improper lung lobulation, and situs inversus. The anomalies of the abdominal wall ware severe: agenesis of the diaphragmal dome and agenesis of the umbilical artery (4.2%, 8.3%). The genetic study found a karyotype of triploidy (69, XXX) for 4.2% of the fetuses. Conclusion : The sonographic examination should be а careful inspection of all systems and organs of the fetus and the amniotic fluid. In complicated cases of fetuses with encephalocele and exencephaly genetic counseling is imperative.


Abstract The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of four methods of teaching idioms (Visualization, storytelling, game and lexical awareness) on Iranian EFL learner's production of L2 idioms. The participant were 80 female Iranian EFL learners at Guya institute in Qazvin. The participants were divided into four groups, each group of participants was randomly assigned to one of the treatment conditions (Visualization, storytelling, game and lexical awareness). They were given a 60- item Oxford placement Test and a pre-test of idioms. At the end of treatment period, a 30-item idiom production test was administered to all the four groups to measure the participant's idiom production. The collected data were analyzed using the one way ANOVA procedure. The results showed significant differences among the four techniques in terms of their effect on idiom production. To locate the differences, the post hoc scheffe test procedure was used, which showed that Visualization was significantly more effective than game and lexical awareness on L2 idiom production. The result also showed that store telling was more effective than game and lexical awareness techniques. The findings of the present study may have implications for second language learners, teachers, and materials developers.


Current scholarship on English possessive constructions, the s-genitive and the ofconstruction, largely ignores the possessive relationships inherent in certain English compound nouns. Scholars agree that, in general, an animate possessor predicts the sgenitive while an inanimate possessor predicts the of-construction. However, the current literature rarely discusses noun compounds, such as the table leg, which also express possessive relationships. However, pragmatically and syntactically, a compound cannot be considered as a true possessive construction. Thus, this paper will examine why some compounds still display possessive semantics epiphenomenally. The noun compounds that imply possession seem to exhibit relationships prototypical of inalienable possession such as body part, part whole, and spatial relationships. Additionally, the juxtaposition of the possessor and possessum in the compound construction is reminiscent of inalienable possession in other languages. Therefore, this paper proposes that inalienability, a phenomenon not thought to be relevant in English, actually imbues noun compounds whose components exhibit an inalienable relationship with possessive semantics. ANIMACY AND ALIENABILITY 4 Animacy and Alienability A Reconsideration of English Possession Cross-linguistically, possessive constructions are a prototypical example of the complexity of language. A possessive noun phrase generally includes relationships of legal ownership (John's sweater), kinship (Mary's father), and body parts (the girl's arm) (Koptjevskaja-Tamm, 2002, p. 141). However, possessive constructions can extend to include a wider semantic range of relationships such as part-whole relationships. Many of the world's languages employ more than one strategy for the construction of possessive noun phrases. This phenomenon is referred to as split possession. For example, English utilizes both the s-genitive (David's car) and also the of-construction (the leg of the table). The s-genitive and of-construction in English are both examples of adnominal possession, meaning that the possessor is modifying the possessum. Adnominal possession is the primary focus of this paper, but languages also use predicative and external possession. Predicative possession uses the predicate of a sentence to identify the possessive relationship, as in John has a car, or the car belongs to John (KoptjevskajaTamm, 2002, p. 141). Secondly, in the external possessive construction, the possessor is not a part of the modified noun phrase but is an external constituent. This construction is less pervasive in English than in other languages, but it can be found in sentences such as "I looked him in the eye" (Koptjevskaja-Tamm, 2002, p. 141). Though split possession is extremely common, languages differ in their reasons for choosing one construction over another (Nichols & Bickel, 2013). Languages with split possession can generally fall into one of two categories. First, the possessive construction may be dependent on the semantic properties of the possessor or owner. For ANIMACY AND ALIENABILITY 5 instance, it is traditionally thought that English makes the distinction between the sgenitive and of-construction largely based on the characteristics of the possessor, but is also influenced by other factors (Nichols & Bickel, 2013). In general, the rule is that animate possessors use the s-genitive and inanimate possessors use the of-construction, but this is an oversimplification. Secondly, many times the variation depends on the lexical classification of the possessed noun, or possessum, and its relationship with the possessor, which is known as the alienable/inalienable split (Nichols & Bickel, 2013). Inalienable possession involves two entities with an inseparable semantic relationship. Conversely, in alienable possession, the possessor and the possessum carry a separable semantic relationship. For example, Jane's mother illustrates an inalienable construction because the relationship between Jane and her mother is inherent. On the other hand, Jane's bag represents an alienable structure, for Jane and the bag have an extrinsic relationship (Gebregziabher, 2012, p. 161). The set of inalienable nouns is usually smaller and more restricted than that of alienable nouns, so the alienable structure is generally considered the default structure. Prototypical inalienable possession includes kinship terms, body parts, spatial, and part-whole relationships (Nichols & Bickel, 2013). As mentioned, English also has multiple ways to express possession. While the literature overwhelmingly focuses on the s-genitive and the of-construction, there may be a third option for expressing possessionthe noun compound. Noun compounds occasionally express the same relationships as possessive constructions as in the chair leg versus the leg of the chair or the chair's leg. Even though they are rarely found in the literature on English possession, compounds must be analyzed as they convey semantically related concepts. Thus, this thesis will examine the s-genitive, the ofANIMACY AND ALIENABILITY 6 construction, and noun compounds to see if they are in alternation with one another. Then, the question of why noun compounds are able to display possessive meanings will be investigated. English Possessive Constructions As mentioned, speakers of English have the option between using the 's attached to the possessor (John's hat) or the preposition of (the seat of the chair) to denote possession. These are known as the s-genitive and the of-construction, respectively. The choice between these two possessive constructions is known as the genitive variation (Rosenbach, 2014, p. 215). The major difference between these two constructions is the order of the possessor and possessum. In the s-genitive, the order is possessor-possessum while it is possessum-possessor in the of-construction. The basic syntactic structure of these constructions can be seen in figure 1. Figure 1. a. NP b. NP NP N D N PP D N P NP the girl father the father of the girl In figure 1.a., an s-genitive, the possessor (girl) comes before the possessum (father). The diagram shown is the deep structure, and the 's is added later. The syntactic status of the 's is actually still debated, but that is beyond the scope of this paper. In figure 1.b, an ofconstruction, the possessor comes after the possessum as part of prepositional phrase (PP). In 1.a., the possessor noun phrase (NP) is assigned the genitive case as it modifies a ANIMACY AND ALIENABILITY 7 noun. However, in 1.b., the possessor NP is assigned oblique or accusative case since it is the object of a preposition.


Automation devices such as controllers and data system and/or services system and methods are provided that receives statements or other unit of data interaction from an automation device ,provide the statements to an appropriate system or service for processing, and optionally return a response such as a result set. Programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is digital computer use for automation of electromechanical processes such as control of machinery or factory assembly lines, amusement rides or lighting fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines. Unlike general purpose. The subject invention pertains facilitating communication between industrial computers; the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, a resistance to vibration and impact. Programmes to control machine operation are typically stored in battery back or non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time, otherwise unintended operation will result.


This paper deals with the strength and compaction characteristics of sand-bentonite-coal ash mixes prepared by varying percentages of sand, bentonite and coal ash to be used in cutoff walls and as a liner or cover material in landfills. The maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) of sand-bentonite mixes and sand-bentonite-coal ash mixes were determined by conducting the standard proctor test. Also, the strength and stiffness characteristics of soil mixes were furnished using unconfined compressive strength test. The results of the study reveal influence of varying percentages of coal ash and bentonite on the compaction characteristics of the sand-bentonite-coal ash mixes. Also, validation of a statistical analysis of the correlations between maximum dry density (MDD), optimum moisture content (OMC) and Specific Gravity (G) was done using the experimental results. The experimental results obtained for sand-bentonite, sand-bentonite-ash and coal ash-bentonite mixes very well satisfied the statistical relations between MDD, OMC and G with a maximum error in the estimate of MDD being within ±1 kN/m3. The coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 0.95 to 0.967 in case of sand-bentonite-ash mixes. However, for sand-bentonite mixes, the R2 values are low and varied from 0.48 to 0.56.


Indomethacin in ground pellet mixture was fed to a group of starved albino mice 6-8 weeks old, weighing 20-26 g in varying concentrations ranging from 0.0125–1.0 % w/w. The mice were observed for signs of toxicity over a period of 8 days or until death and the LD 100 determined. The same LD 100 indomethacin concentration was fed to a group of albino rats to determine if the results could be replicated in a different rodent species. All the mice fed concentrations of indomethacin ranging from 0.0625–1.0% died within 3 days and none died within 24 h. These results were replicated in rats but in this case, death occurred within 6 days. The LD 100 indomethacin dose in mice was 35 mg/kg body weight compared to 65mg/kg given in literature for Zinc Phosphide. Most prominent manifestation of toxicity at death was extensive haemorrhage in gastrointestinal tract. Blood clotting time just before death was over 30 minutes compared to that of control mice which was 10-15 sec. Zinc phosphide, flocoumafen, difethiolone and bromadiolone, all established rodenticides in the Kenya market were fed to mice for purposes of comparison and their rodenticidal effects confirmed. On the basis of these results use of indomethacin as rodenticide is justified as it is much cheaper, readily available and safer in humans compared to other rodenticides in the market. Keywords: Indomethacin, rodenticide East and Central African Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 14 (2011) 12-15


The paper focuses on a recent form (or rhetoric), namely corporate discourse dedicated to the engagement of large firms in the field of environmental protection. The analysis is semiotically oriented. The paper first notes the modalities of justification of environmental activities and the enunciation of the reasons for this engagement. Secondly, it takes into consideration the representation of the actions of the firm in the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR), in particular in its environmental aspect. In this second case, we focus on the constant dynamic between two textual forms, namely narrative and list. The paper shows how corporate discourse proposes specific acts and practices as valuable elements and how the firm is represented as a valuable subject.


This study compares the economic impacts of different stabilizing levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration by a new intertemporal energy-economic optimization model, namely, DEARS (Dynamic Energy-economic model with multi-Regions and multi-Sectors. The model has the input-output structures defined by the Leontief production function based on the assumption of the time-series input-output coefficients scenarios with changes in technical structures. In this paper, we focus on how the sectoral economic activities are affected by the carbon mitigation policies up to the middle of this century. Simulation studies focus on atmospheric stabilization of carbon dioxide at levels of 450–650 ppm CO2 only. The impacts of sectoral productions on economic activities in the carbon stabilization cases are dependent on sectoral characteristics; the carbon emission reduction policies have less economic impacts on the sectors with less energy requirements like "service sector", while they have more critical impacts on the sectors served as investment commodities like "construction sector," and energy-intensive commodities like "iron and steel sector." The GDP losses and shadow prices increase within the relatively small ranges in the S650-S500-CO2 only cases while the losses in the S450-CO2 only case increase rapidly and enormously. Innovative technologies in the "transport sector" into energy supply sectors are required in the stabilizations at 450 ppmv-CO2 only before 2030 under the assumption of the relatively rigid substitution of energy demands using the Leontief functions as in the DEARS model. Title, address, telephone, Fax, and E-mail address of the lead author Takashi Homma, Researcher, Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), 9-2 Kizugawa-dai, Kizugawa-shi, Kyoto 619-0292, Japan Phone +81-774-75-2304, Fax +81-774-75-2317 email@example.com


In this paper an estimation of lower bound of minimum eigenvalue for the integral equation is obtained. Based on this estimation we introduce a new method for the corresponding eigenvaluecalculation.


ABSTRACT In this paper, we have achieved the hollow shell ZnS QDs with a simple preparation process, and deeply analysed the mechanism of hollow shell ZnS QDs (~10 nm). The co-doping of copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) caused the cooperated effects on the ZnS quantum dots, in which hollow shell structure can be formed. The mechanism is that Mn2+ ions in ZnS matrix provide some diffusion channels allowing the outward movement of the Cu2+ ions. In addition, it has been shown that Cu doping at 0.2–0.3% and Mn doping at 3% could form hollow shell structure.


This paper examines the relation of body, soul, and God in the context of spiritual desire. It connotes a gendered relationship with the nature of divinity. A prime exponent of this mode of realization is Mechthild of Magdeburg, who longingly reaches for God, and employs vivid imagery in describing her quest.


Objective To access the influence of two transfusion triggers during operation on the middle-and old-aged cancer patients.Methods A total of 80 patients with cancer of gastrointestinal(GI) tract,ASA I—II and aged from 45 to 72 years,were divided into two groups with intraoperative transfusion trigger of hemoglobin(Hb) 100g/L in group Ⅰ,and Hb 80g/L in group Ⅱ.Anesthesia was performed with intravenous injection combined with tracheal inhalation.Blood routine examination,plasma lactic acid levels,and arterial blood gases were tested.Blood transfusion,fluid infusions and complication of blood transfusion were also observed.Results 1) Hb levels were significantly lower in group Ⅱ[(89±4.6)g/L and(88±6.4)g/L] than in group Ⅰ [(109±5.1)g/L and(106±6.9)g/L] during and 24h after operation.They were,however,similar at discharge [Group Ⅰ:(127±8.3)g/L vs.Group Ⅱ:(128±6.0)g/L,P0.05].2) Blood lactic acid levels increased after operation in both group [GroupⅠ:(1.90±0.15)mmol/L and Group Ⅱ:(1.85±0.19)mmol/L] compared with before anesthesia [Group Ⅰ:(1.03±0.10)mmol/L and GroupⅡ:(1.00±0.08)mmol/L,P0.01],and they were significantly lower in group Ⅱ than in group Ⅰ during and 24 h after operation(P0.05).3) Before anesthesia,24 h after operation and at discharge,arterial blood gas were as follows: arterial oxygen pressures(PaO2) were(82.4±3.8)mmHg,(82.3±4.2) mmHg,(81.9±3.0)mmHg respectively in group Ⅰ,and(82.6±3.9)mmHg,(80.7±3.3) mmHg,(81.8±3.3) mmHg respectively in group Ⅱ;arterial CO2 pressures were(41.0±1.5)mmHg,(41.4±2.0) mmHg,(41.7±1.5) mmHg respectively in GroupⅠ,and(41.3±1.8) mmHg,(41.7±1.5) mmHg,(41.5±1.6) mmHg respectively in group Ⅱ;blood pH were 7.41±0.02,7.41±0.01,and 7.41±0.02 respectively in group Ⅰ,and 7.41±0.02,7.42±0.02,7.41±0.02 respectively in group Ⅱ.4) No death occured during the study.Blood transfusion were significantly higher in group Ⅰ [47.5% and(0.93±1.00)U/per patient] than these in group Ⅱ [22.5% and(0.40±0.77)U/per patient,P0.05].But we failed to find any differences in the amount of fluid infusion and the incidence of transfusion complications(group Ⅰ:Group Ⅱ = 1/40:1/40 of wound infection and 1/40 vs 1/40 of prolonged wound healing) between the two groups(P0.05).There was also no difference in hospitalization days between group Ⅰ [(11.7±1.0)days] and group Ⅱ [(11.7±1.0) days,P0.05].Conclusion To the middle-and old-aged GI cancer patients without organ dysfunction,lowering blood transfusion trigger from Hb 100 g/L to Hb 80 g/L during operation can meet the requirement of oxygen,reduce blood transfusion,and do not increase the rates of wound infection or delay wound healing.


The purpose of this proposed mini-workshop is to connect our research in conceptual change [Collaborative research: Getting Engineers to Talk Across Disciplines, EEC 1129447] to instructional practice. Our research suggests that one potential indicator of students' conceptual understanding across several engineering disciplines is their use (or misuse) of language. During this mini-workshop participants will be able to read excerpts from interviews we conducted, discuss how to draw inferences about student learning from these interviews, and then brainstorm how they can be more explicit about the use of language in their classrooms.


A prominent shoulder exhibited in the shear retardation spectrum of a high molecular weight polystyrene enables the local segmental contribution to the recoverable compliance to be isolated and determined for the first time. The prominence of this shoulder depends on the time/frequency window of the viscoelastic measurements. This interesting dependence is explained by the thermorheological complexity of the glass−rubber softening dispersion.


21 INTRODUCTION 27 CHAPTER
  1.
  DNA
  DAMAGE
  AND
  DNA
  DAMAGE
  RESPONSE
   29 1.1
  Different
  types
  of
  DNA
  damage 29 1.2
  The
  DNA
  Damage
  Response
  (DDR) 30 1.2.1
  Different
  types
  of
  DNA
  repair
  pathways. 31 184.108.40.206
  Double-‐Stranded
  Break
  (DSB)
  repair
  pathways 33 1.2.2
  The
  DNA
  damage
  checkpoint
  pathways 34 1.2.3
  The
  DDR
  through
  the
  cell
  cycle 38 1.2.4
  Defects
  in
  DNA
  repair
  and
  checkpoint
  processes 40 CHAPTER
  2.
  CELLULAR
  SENESCENCE 44 2.1
  General
  features
  of
  cellular
  senescence 44 2.1.1
  Senescence
  markers 45 2.2
  The
  p53
  and
  Rb
  pathways 47 2.3
  Different
  types
  of
  cellular
  senescence 49 CHAPTER
  3.
  ONCOGENE-‐INDUCED
  SENESCENCE 53 3.1
  General
  features
  of
  Oncogene-‐induced
  Senescence
   53 3.2
  Different
  oncogenes
  induce
  OIS 55 3.3
  Oncogene-‐induced
  DDR 56 BOX1:
  DNA
  replication 57 3.4
  Oncogenes-‐induced
  DNA
  replication
  stress 58 3.5
  Possible
  mechanisms
  underlying
  oncogene-‐induced
  DNA
  replication
  stress
   60 3.6
  Oncogene-‐induced
  Reactive
  Oxygen
  Species
  production
   63 CHAPTER
  4.
  ROLE
  OF
  POLYCOMB
  IN
  CANCER
  AND
  SENESCENCE
   66 4.1
  Polycomb
  group
  protein:
  epigenetic
  control
  of
  cell
  identity
  and
  cellular
  proliferation
  66 4.2
  Polycomb
  and
  cancer 67 6 4.3
  Polycomb
  and
  cellular
  senescence 69 4.4
  Polycomb
  and
  DNA
  replication 70 DNA
  MOLECULAR
  COMBING:
  TECHNOLOGY
  SET
  UP
   73 1.
  COMPLEXITY
  OF
  DNA
  REPLICATION
  DISSECTED
  BY
  DNA
  MOLECULAR
  COMBING
   75 2.
  DNA
  MOLECULAR
  COMBING:
  PHYSICAL
  FORCES
  TO
  STRETCH
  THE
  GENOME
  FOR
  HIGH-‐RESOLUTION


AS a cable access technology, China's Home Plug AV (C-HPAV) has become one of the major technologies of Ethernet over Coaxial (EOC) in Chia, and it has been widely used in the integration construct of three networks. It has also been popularized to many regions with the development of the next generation networks of radio and television. This paper mainly discusses the technical details of C-HPAV and detailed introduces its structure of the physical layer and MAC layer, and then gives a comprehensive comparison with Home Plug AV (HPAV) which is designed to run Ethernet over the existing electrical system. At last, we analyze its current application and deployment situations in the integration of three networks in China.


An experimental study of low-speed turbulent boundary layer flow over longitudinally grooved surfaces (i.e., riblets) is discussed. Results obtained with a highly accurate drag balance indicate that v-groove riblet surfaces can produce consistent net drag reductions as large as 8 percent provided the height and spacing of the grooves in terms of law of the wall variables are less than 25 wall units. Momentum balances confirmed these direct drag measurements. Conditionally sampled data indicate that the burst frequency for riblets is approximately the same as that for a flat plate but turbulence intensity is reduced. Attempts to optimize the net drag reduction by varying riblet cross-sectional geometry and alignment are also discussed.


Purpose

Police officers' attitudes toward criminals are critical to the justice system's response to crime. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the attitudes toward offenders (ATOs) among police officers.

Design/methodology/approach

To assess police officers ATOs, the authors adapted the Attitudes Toward Prisoner scale to produce the ATO scale. The scale was completed by 431 male police officers in a Portuguese police institution.

Findings

The results revealed that police officers hold more negative ATOs than correctional officers and graduate students. Moreover, the results revealed significant differences in average ATO scores according to police officers' age, years of service, marital status and education; namely, police officers who were older, married, less educated, and with more years of police service had more positive ATOs. However, the results revealed that these demographic factors had a limited value in predicting attitudes, as none of them emerged as a predictor of ATOs.

Originality/value

Nonetheless, considering the relevance of attitudes in law enforcement procedures, the implications for training police officers are provided, specifically using critical incident technique strategies.


Thinking has always been behind the visual formation,and a methodology that guides its evolvement throughout the human history. Their correlation suggests us to approach problems with a contemporary yet futuristic view, and to be inspired by combining it with cultural achievements of the human society.


Over the past 5 decades, the speed of innovation in spine surgery has been nothing short of mindboggling in all arenas, including surgical techniques, implants, biologics, robotics, imaging, analytics, and perhaps most important, global highquality education. With globally tightening health care budgets, the utilization and cost of care relative to return on investment has become a necessity. In developed countries, spine care has become a popular target of concern due to its increasing apportionment of general health care expenditures. In the United States, spine care has ascended to the number 3 position in general health care spending behind diabetes and cancer, ahead of cardiovascular disease. One popular talking point to curb medical spending is to hold our medical community increasingly accountable through application of "evidence-based medicine," a concept coined by Haynes and Guyatt in 1992, which is based on the integrated trifecta of research, patient preferences, and clinical experience. The increasing availability of increasingly larger data repositories and registries has made it tempting for some to perform something far simpler and readily available—analytics involving data mining and statistical modulations, usually to prove a point. There are, of course, many commonly known limitations to registry-based investigations, but such concerns are usually not well known outside the academic community and are certainly not part of the general public awareness, thus leading to a real potential for manipulation. An interesting case study for the impact of a well-publicized data mining expedition surfaced prominently in Germany in 2017 when a think tank endowed by a media giant trust fund presented its long anticipated Fact check spine (Faktencheck Rücken). The basic premise of their health care series sounds very common-sensical and includes phrases like " . . . not all diagnostic tests and treatments are medically necessary . . . ," and " . . . contribute to match health care utilization with the actual patient needs . . . ," and perhaps more ominously to " . . . foster a stronger discourse of the public with their health system to better understand necessary reforms . . . " Their 2017 report on spine surgery followed a succession of previous spine-related projects concerning popular (mis)conceptions on back pain and spine imaging, so this surgery-related project could be considered to be the latest iteration of a larger agenda driven campaign in the context of German spine care in general. By all means, Germany seems to be the ideal testing ground for such an investigation as it offers not only access to some of most advanced health care technologies in the world but also features the arguably most comprehensive medical utilization data capture for a country of its size with its highly regulated public/private mix of insurance carriers. The key findings of a calculated 71% increase in spine surgery in Germany over a time period from 2007 to 2015 were projected through this media giant's portals and predictably resonated vociferously in the other German mainstream media—with the theme that Germans better beware of the intentions of their spine surgeons, fueled by headlines like "Operate and cash in" (Süddeutsche Zeitung, June 19, 2017), "90,000 unnecessary spine surgeries in Bavaria" (Wochenblatt, July 18, 2017), and even "Crime scene spinal column" (Die Zeit Online, May 18, 2016) and similar postings in many if not most other conventional, online and television portals. The 2 investigators, who are listed as employees of a private health care data analytics company (IGES Germany), and as far as published are nonphysicians and without specialty qualifications in spine care, identified the need for their project in a 2001 quote by a German government health care committee, which identified "overutiliziation of spine procedures, unclear procedural indications" and "introduction of novel, poorly evaluated and especially minimally invasive surgeries." From a scientific process standpoint, a formal hypothesis was not presented. The methodology involved a data query to the German diagnosisrelated group (DRG) inpatient hospital discharge database for inpatient spine care of patients with 1 of 4 most prevalent diagnosis codes: "back pain," "disc related," "general spondylarthropathies," "spondylosis." Furthermore, the 3 most commonly used procedure codes were selected by the authors to study surgical utilization: "discectomies," "arthrodesis," "bony decompression." Inclusion and exclusion criteria among other common features of a proper scientific publication were not listed in their report. They analyzed the 4 selected DRG discharge and procedure utilizations for the 402 health regions and its 16 states in Germany together with basic age-related Global Spine Journal 2018, Vol. 8(5) 437-439 a The Author(s) 2018 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/2192568218782480 journals.sagepub.com/home/gsj


Abstract : This paper examines the development of a diagnosis related management system for Obstetrical and Gynecological Diagnosis Related Groups at Winn Army Community Hospital, Ft. Stewart, GA. Linear Programming was used to create an objective function that maximized the relative weighted products that result from the DRG tracked workload. The program's objective was to examine the DRGs on a case mix approach and maximize the highest sum of the relative weighted products to achieve the highest reimbursement possible. This program considered the physical limitations of the physicians based on available time and the time required to perform certain procedures. The program produced an optimal relative weighted product that recommends how much of each DRG should be performed based on the variables and constraints within the facility.


Three of the four mini‐reviews this month deal with the topic of upper tract urothelial cancer, intending to cover completely the issues of diagnosis, staging and grading, as well as surgical treatment, both open and laparoscopic. In this way the reader should be able to have at hand most of the relevant important information about the subject, all in one issue.


In this research, the researcher studies (1) the levels at which employees of the Police Education Bureau opinions of factors governing organizational commitment and the organizational commitment of these employees.  In addition, the researcher examines (2) the relationships between these factors and the organizational commitment of the employees.  Finally, furthermore, the researcher (3) determines the influence of these factors as they exert effects on the organizational commitment of the employees. The sample population consisted of 300 employees of the Police Education Bureau. A questionnaire was used as a research instrument to collect germane data.  Using techniques of descriptive statistics, the researcher analyzed the data collected in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC) method and stepwise multiple regression analysis were also employed by the researcher. Findings are as follows: 1. The employees exhibited the opinions toward factors exerting effects on organizational commitment overall at a high level.  When considered in each aspect, it was found that the mean was at a high level for four aspects: First were work relationships and job satisfaction. Next in descending order were job characteristics and leadership. The mean was at a moderate level in two aspects: having the opportunity for advancement and professional development and total compensation.The organizational commitment of the employees overall was evinced at a moderate level. Furthermore, the aspects-viz., normative commitment, affective commitment, and continuous commitment were also displayed at a moderate level. 2. Factors exerting effects on organizational commitment in the aspect of leadership exhibited positive relationships at a high level with the organizational commitment of the employees at the statistically significant level of .05. The factors exerting effects on organizational commitment viz., job satisfaction, having the opportunity for advancement and professional development, job characteristics, and total compensation showed moderate positive relationships with organizational commitment at the statistically significant level of .05. The factor qua aspect of work relationships showed a positive relationship with organizational commitment at the statistically significant level of .05. 3.The five variables that were explanatory of factors influencing the organizational commitment of the employees at the statistically significant level of .05 were leadership, having the opportunity for advancement and professional development, job satisfaction, total compensation, and job characteristics. All of these factors displayed the multiple correlation coefficient at (R) = 0.840 and were explanatory at 70.10 percent (R2 Adjusted = 0.701). The factor of work relationship did not influence the organizational commitment of the employees.


This work was carried out in mistchamber at EMBRAPA Technology Transference at Canoinhas-SC with aim to evaluate the effect of indolbutyric acid (IBA) on rooting of wooden cuttings of peach cv. Marfim. Wooden cuttings were treated with IBA at different concentrations (0, 100, 500, 1.000 and 5.000 mg.L-1) and planted in expanded polyestirene trays with 72 cells, with medium granulometric sand as substrate. It were evaluated percentage of rooted cuttings, percentage of dead cuttings and the number of roots per cuttings. The three analised characteristics showed a quadratic effect with crescent concentrations of IBA. The concentration of IBA wich presented highest rooting was 2.966 mg.L-1 with 81,92% of rooted cuttings. The concentration of IBA wich presented lowest dead root and highest number of roots were 3.075 and 2.941 mg.L-1 respectively.


Understanding the extent of financial inclusion of rural labour households is important since in the intercensal period 2001-11, the proportion of agricultural labourers in the workforce increased by 3.5 percentage points. This paper examines progress in financial inclusion using information on indebtedness of rural labour households collected by NSSO as part survey of employment and unemployment conducted in 2004-05 and 2009-10. It is estimated that 22.3 million out of the nearly 66 million rural labour households report being in debt in 2009-10. The share of formal institutions in outstanding debt of rural labour households increased from 29 percent to 37 percent while the share of money lender decreased from 44 percent to 33 percent during this period. There has been a near doubling of loans sourced from cooperative societies and a 77 percent increase in loans sourced from banks. In contrast, outstanding debt on account of borrowing from money lender increased by a meagre 1.7 percent. One does not have a ready explanation for the miniscule growth in outstanding loans from money lenders. What is promising is that the reliance on institutional sources among rural labour households without cultivable land increased from 20.6 percent to 26 percent. The aggregate picture however masks large variations across the states of India and one does not observe any structural change in geographical distribution of flow of credit and share of outstanding advances to the landless.


Infrared (IR) radiation comprises a beam located in the electromagnetic radiation family; it arises from the thermal vibrations of radiation that have longer wavelengths than visible light, but shorter wavelengths than microwave radiation. Its wavelength is between 750 nm and 1 mm. The amount of thermal IR radiation emitted by an object is associated with the temperature of the object, the surface area of the object and the spreading of light. IR-based technologies have been demonstrated as a method of evidence identification in forensic sciences in addition to many daily uses. The combination of IR-based spectrophotometry with several techniques ushered in a new era in crime scene investigations and the identification of evidence obtained from crime scenes. Furthermore, the use of IR-based photography techniques has signifi‐ cant advantages. IR fluorescent automated DNA sequencer and thermal analyser for deception detection are other techniques that take advantage of IR technology. In this chapter, we aimed to present the IR-based technologies used in forensic sciences and forensic photography techniques to define the current situation, the importance and the advantages of IR thermal imaging among these techniques, as well as to describe the operating principles of IR thermal imaging technologies that may be generated in the future based on this technique.


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Variation of the solidified microstructures of A1-10%Si hypoeutectic alloy under different direct current electric field were studied. The results show that the growth shape of eutectic Si is changed by the effect of electric field,and the grain refinement of eutectic Si occurs as the DC current density increases. The potential nucleate particles in Al-Si alloy are increased when it was exposed in the electric field,The maximum nucleation rate of Al-Si hypoeutectic alloy can be reached at the current density of 28.3 mA/mm2,and the growth of Si is restrained by the application of electric field.


Today, network security is crucial due to the rapid development of network and internet technologies, as well as the continuous growth in network threats. Detecting network anomalies is one of the approaches that may be used to safeguard a network's security. Recent research has focused extensively on techniques for identifying abnormalities. Using the Autoencoder model together with data pre-processing techniques such as data resampling and feature selection, this research describes a novel approach for identifying network abnormalities. It has been shown that the suggested strategy is applicable to network intrusion data. A comparison of the reconstruction error to a threshold value determines whether the traffic data is normal or anomalous. CICIDS2017 dataset is selected to evaluate the implementation of the proposed Autoencoder model based on real-world, large-scale, current network traffic data The proposed model with data pre-processed achieved F1-Score of 76% which outperformed the baseline model without feature selection and data resampling in data pre-processing stages. This research project investigated the effect of data pre-processing techniques on the performance of the proposed Autoencoder. At the end of this research project, it is demonstrated that the proposed methodologies are applicable towards imbalanced network intrusion data.


This article analyzes the role of sexually transmitted infections, which are one of the risk factors in the occurrence of cervical cancer. The directions of preventive measures regarding the prevention of cervical cancer are presented. Aim. To analyze the role of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) on the development of cervical cancer. Material and methods. The material used was clinical and diagnostic examinations of 180 patients on the bases of polyclinics №4, №26, «SunАrМed» Medical Center, data from the "cancer register" of the Kazakh research Institute of Oncology and radiology for 2014-2015. When contacting women, they collected complaints, history, gynecological examination, examination in mirrors, a fence from the cervix and cervical canal for oncocytological examination, an enzyme immunoassay for viral infections, as well as chlamydia, ureаplasma, trichomonosis, gardnerellosis, sexually transmitted infections. Results and discussion. The distribution by number of infections among 180 women was as follows: one infection - 42 (23.3%), two infections - 89 (49.4%), three or more infections - 49 (27.2%). From the presence of STI infections, the examined patients were diagnosed with cytomegalovirus - 63, genetic herpes - 52, ureаplasmosis - 32, chlamydia - 28, trichomoniasis - 26, candidiasis - 29, gardnerellosis - 18, papillomavirus infection - 12. During the examination, more often pseudoeroias were diagnosed - 126, cervicitis - 43, and polyps - 11. Cytological examination showed in most cases dystrophic changes in the cervical epithelium with varying degrees of damage to the layers. Dysplastic changes in Cytology smears were observed in 34 patients (18.8%), of which mild to moderate dysplasia prevailed (16%). Conclusion. Evaluating the results obtained, it can be noted that the chronic inflammatory process of the cervix affects the processes of metaplasia in ectopias (proliferation and differentiation of reserve cells) and in some cases can lead to the development of dysplasia. Keywords: cervical cancer, STI infections, papillomavirus, primary and secondary prevention.


Recent developments in the interfacing of neurons with silicon chips may pave the way for progress in constructing scalable neurocomputers. The assembly of synthetic neuronal networks with predefined synaptic connections and controlled geometric structure has been realized experimentally within the last decade. Furthermore, when such neuronal networks are interfaced with semiconductors, action potentials in neurons of the network can be elicited by capacitative stimulators, and voltage measurements can be made by transistors incorporated into the associated silicon chip. Despite the impressive progress, such preliminary devices have not yet demonstrated the performance of useful computations, and constructing larger devices can be both expensive and time-consuming. Accordingly, an appropriate modeling framework with the capability to simulate current experimental results in such devices may be used to make useful predictions regarding their potential computational power. A proposed modeling framework for functional neuronal networks interfaced with silicon chips is presented below.


Luminescence spectra and lifetimes are presented for the rare earth ions sensitized by [1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyridine-4,5(3H)-dione derivatives in dilute solutions. It is to be noted that, among the benzopyranopyridine derivatives investigated, 2-phenyl-[1]benzopyrano[3,4-c]pyridine-4,5(3H)-dione brings about the most efficient sensitization for the luminescence of europium and terbium ions. Some discussions are made of the energy-transfer processes from these excited benzopyranopyridine derivatives to terbium ions.


Abstract Hydrothermal treatment of microcrystalline (Hg 2 ) 2 P 2 O 7 in diluted phosphoric acid or demineralized water at 400°C yields colorless crystals of (Hg 3 ) 3 (PO 4 ) 4 and yellow crystals of (Hg 3 ) 2 (HgO 2 )(PO 4 ) 2 , respectively. The crystal structures have been solved and refined from single crystal diffractometer data to residuals R [ F 2 >2 σ ( F 2 )]=0.021 and w R 2[ F 2 ]=0.047 for (Hg 3 ) 3 (PO 4 ) 4 and R [ F 2 >2 σ (F 2 )]=0.028 and w R 2[ F 2 ]=0.072 for (Hg 3 ) 2 (HgO 2 )(PO 4 ) 2 . The crystal structure of (Hg 3 ) 3 (PO 4 ) 4 ( R 3 c (No. 161), Z =6, a =16.3957(10) A, c =10.6606(9) A, V =2481.9(3) A 3 ) is isotypic with the corresponding arsenate (Hg 3 ) 3 (AsO 4 ) 4 . (Hg 3 ) 2 (HgO 2 )(PO 4 ) 2 crystallizes with two formula units in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / c (No. 14), with lattice parameters a =6.2506(7) A, b =9.9366(10) A, c =9.6663(12) A, b =95.783(10)°, and V =597.3(1) A 3 , and shows a topological relationship to the mineral terlinguaite (Hg 4 O 2 Cl 2 ). Both phosphates contain tetrahedral PO 3− 4 groups and the triangular mercury cluster Hg 4+ 3 with d (Hg–Hg)=2.666 A for (Hg 3 ) 3 (PO 4 ) 4 and 2.682 A for (Hg 3 ) 2 (HgO 2 )(PO 4 ) 2 , respectively. In the latter compound a linear mercurate group, HgO 2− 2 with d (Hg–O)=2.031(7) A, is also present. For both structures the three- dimensional connection between the building units is achieved via common oxygen atoms. Both compounds disproportionate upon heating ( T >300°C) to Hg 3 (PO 4 ) 2 and elemental mercury.


In order to shorten the design period of the scissor-type lifting platform,and to improve the design level of lifting platform,the design method of lifting platform is proposed. On the platform of Pro/Engineer, the design system of the lifting platform is developed. The system can greatly improve the rate of parameter inquiring and structure designing of lifting platform, and save the materials of lifting platform.


To identify key changes in child diets during the transition to agriculture by synthesizing evidence on 1) infant and child hunter-fisher-gatherer diets to identify common elements of an evolutionary child diet and 2) early agricultural groups.

 We searched five databases (Academic Search Complete via EBSCO, Anthropology Plus via EBSCO, Medline via PubMed, Scopus, and SocIndex with Full Text via EBSCO). Childhood was defined as children 10 years or younger. Early agriculture was defined as cultivation activities during the Neolithic or regional Neolithic equivalent era (e.g., Woodland Period), to account for the variation in the transition to agriculture. Studies examining hominins from the following species were eligible: Homo erectus/Homo ergaster, Homo neanderthalensis, Homo heidelbergensis, and Homo sapiens. We included peer-reviewed papers of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods on infant and childhood diets for groups whose primary subsistence method was hunting, fishing, or gathering or groups who were transitioning to early agriculture. Title and abstract reviews were conducted in Rayyan QCRI by two blinded authors. Discrepancies were reviewed by a third author. Full text review was also blinded. We scored studies with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (2018), and we synthesized evidence using a narrative synthesis with sub-group analysis as appropriate.

 The publications covered a range of subsistence groups and study types (e.g., ethnography, isotopic analysis). Groups from Africa, Asia, Europe, North America and South America were represented, and time periods ranged from the Mesolithic Era to present. Our analysis indicated a significant shift in child diet accompanying the shift to agriculture. Hunter-gatherer-fisher children had more varied diets with a larger proportion of animal-source foods during and after the complementary feeding period compared to early agricultural groups.

 Early agricultural diets, similar to current child dietary patterns, have diverged from the diets of hunter-fisher-gatherer children in important ways. These differences could offer insight into child feeding guidelines today.

 This project was internally funded by the E3 Nutrition Lab at Washington University in St. Louis.


Complex data retrieval can often be an obstacle to good follow-up of case investigation. The technique of using SAS in conjunction with SQL*Loader to create and upload files to the relational database allows users access of their data in an easy and timely manner. If users have an easy way to analyze their own data they can be more proactive on their follow-up with physicians and families.


The Fourier transform-based range Doppler method is commonly used in an inverse synthetic aperture radar. Although it has achieved good success in most scenarios, its performance is determined by the rotational angle, and the cross-range resolution is extremely low in the case of a small rotational angle. In this letter, to improve the cross-range resolution, a novel cross-range compression scheme based on the iterative adaptive approach (IAA) is proposed. In addition to the standard IAA to achieve high resolution, the efficient IAA is introduced to suppress the sidelobes due to noise. Both the simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method has the advantages of parameter-free, high accuracy, and high efficiency.


Simple Summary Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a worldwide diffused pathogen responsible for acute hepatitis of humans. Transmission of the pathogen is mostly related to the consumption of contaminated food and water. Although initially the disease was contained in developing countries, in recent years autochthonous infections have been reported in several industrialised countries. A different epidemiological pattern of transmission has been highlighted; while in Africa and Asia transmission is mainly due to waterborne outbreaks caused by low sanitation standards, in Europe and other industrialised countries, the disease has mainly spread due to consumption of raw or undercooked meat and seafood. Although HEV has been identified in several domestic and wild animal species, pigs and wild boar, appear to play a distinct role mainly acting as a reservoir of the pathogen. In this study, we monitored the presence of HEV in carcasses and livers of wild boar sampled in Tuscany at the slaughterhouse following hunting activities. Our data indicate the presence of the pathogen in the liver and the carcasses, suggesting cross-contamination. This evidence highlights the importance of maintaining safety control measures to avoid the spreading of HEV infection. Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a waterborne and foodborne pathogen largely spread around the world. HEV is responsible for acute hepatitis in humans and it is also diffused in domestic and wild animals. In particular, domestic pigs represent the main reservoir of the infection and particular attention should be paid to the consumption of raw and undercooked meat as a possible zoonotic vehicle of the pathogen. Several studies have reported the presence of HEV in wild boar circulating in European countries with similar prevalence rates. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of HEV in wild boar hunted in specific areas of Tuscany. Sampling was performed by collecting liver samples and also by swabbing the carcasses at the slaughterhouses following hunting activities. Our data indicated that 8/67 (12%) of liver samples and 4/67 (6%) of swabs were positive for HEV RNA. The presence of HEV genome on swabs indicates the possible cross-contamination of carcass surfaces during slaughtering procedures. Altogether, our data indicated that it is essential to promote health education programmes for hunters and consumers to limit the diffusion of the pathogen to humans.


The modification of active carbon by impregnation with an aqueous solution of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O (2% Ni) has been investigated. Four samples are obtained in air at 200, 300, 400, and 550°C, respectively. It is established that heat treatment up to 400°C leads to additional activation of the samples, which is accompanied by an increase of their adsorption characteristics. At these temperatures the changes observed are mainly in the microporous region. Destruction of the texture and decrease in the adsorption characteristics of the samples are observed at 550°C. The active phase has been investigated by different methods such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), ESCA, and magnetic measurements. The results obtained indicate formation of mixed phases with different compositions at the different temperatures: Ni(OH)2(NO3)2·H2O, Ni(OH)2, and NiO at 200°C, Ni(OH)2and NiO at 300 and 400°C, and NiO and Ni at 550°C.


The six-dimensional force sensor has become one of the major bottlenecks restricting the development of robots in China. In this paper, the problem of the decoupling of the piezoelectric six-dimensional force sensor with four-point support structure is studied, and the static decoupling method is studied. Firstly, the principle of nonlinear decoupling algorithm for six-dimensional force sensor is analyzed, and experimental data obtained by decoupling are acquired through calibration experiments, and sample selection and normalization processing are performed. After that, the BP forward feedback neural network was used to optimize the multi-dimensional nonlinear characteristics of the sensor output system, and the input and output mapping relationship of the sensor was determined, and the decoupled sensor output data was obtained. The determinant sensor's measurement accuracy evaluation index is compared with linearity error and coupling rate error.


Summary The most common cause of antibiotic resistance is the irrational use of antibiotics. Most of the irrational use of antibiotics is related to use in the community and the prevalence of self-medication in different populations. This review aimed to explore the prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in European countries and the main sources of antibiotics. An online search of Pubmed and Scopus was conducted to identify relevant studies. A two-phase mapping approach was used. All steps in this scoping review were carried out using the Covidence® software. A total of 22 studies were included. The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics is greater in Southern European countries than in Northern and Western European countries. The main sources of over-the-counter antibiotics are community pharmacies and leftovers from previous courses. Targeted communication strategies and interventions are needed to reduce the overuse of antibiotics and to slow down the spread of antibiotic resistance until new classes of effective antibiotics are developed.


The subjective experience of dementia for lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals is largely absent from the extant literature. This study aimed to explore what it means to experience dementia in this context given the documented psychosocial influences facing this population. A second aim was to develop understanding of these experiences within dyadic relationships. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals with dementia and people with whom they had a significant relationship. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of transcripts identified three superordinate themes reflecting characteristics of participants' experience: Duality in managing dementia; Giving yourself away vs. holding onto yourself; and Relationships as sheltered harbours. Ten subthemes indicate processes these individuals adopt to adjust and make sense of their experience of dementia. This included decisions around concealment, ensuring safety and the promotion of personhood and couplehood. In line with findings for heterosexual couples, partners had an important role in maintaining the identity of the person with dementia. Results suggest additional and distinct challenges, including experienced and perceived discrimination and heterosexism. In response to these conditions, interviewees worked to resist a 'double stigma' of dementia and sexuality. Findings indicated areas of improvement for dementia services, including training in inclusive practice.


Cyber attacks against organizations are occurring with increasing regularity. Defensive systems are in place that can detect malicious traffic within a network. However, these systems can only provide analysis after malicious activity has occurred. What if one can forecast the number of cyberattacks expected for a future day with reasonable accuracies? This paper investigates the use of Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models to forecast daily counts of different cyberattack types against multiple targets. Smaller measurement periods are used to better capture temporal trends in attack data and increase forecasting accuracy, reducing error by over 14% compared to naive predictions based on average historical occurrence rates. Aggregation techniques are employed to construct a daily forecast using a number of smaller predictions, providing over 11% more accuracy than standard ARIMA models based on daily counts. Temporal intensity variations are leveraged as regressors to further improve model accuracy by over 11% compared to aggregated forecasts. The ARIMA with intensity-based regressors were put into testing to perform predictions up to 7 days in advance, and achieved over 15% improvement over the baseline. ARIMA is able to reduce forecasting error compared to naive approaches, showing that cyber incidents do not occur completely randomly and could be captured and modeled with statistical time series forecasting techniques.


A novel Au(III)–N-heterocyclic carbene organometallic complex supported by two N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands was synthesized from Au(SMe2)Cl and 1-methyl-2-pyridin-2-yl-2H-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridin-4-ylium hexafluorophosphate via a Ag intermediate. X-ray crystallography revealed the first example of a square planar geometry adopted by a Au(III) species stabilized by two NHCs and two chloride ligands. The aforementioned Au(I)– and Au(III)–NHC complexes were found to be more potent than cisplatin against the HCT 116, HepG2, A549, and MCF7 cell lines.


At the start of the twentieth century, Australian legal aid was in its infancy. While the informa pauperis procedure (herein 'paupers' procedure') and other legal assistance mechanisms were available, organised legal aid schemes were entirely absent. Over the next three decades, however, a number of State Governments introduced reforms that were designed to substantially improve legal assistance to low-income Australians. These early Australian schemes are not, however, well known in the literature. Nor is their significance understood. This paper argues that it is important for a number of reasons to re-examine these often-overlooked government legal aid reforms in Australia in the early twentieth century. First, the design of the reforms was relatively comprehensive. While they generally included assistance for legal problems 'inside litigation', they also gave a priority to legal advice and minor assistance for the numerous day-to-day legal problems that are 'outside of litigation'. The priority on both types of legal problems means that equality before the law was at least in these examples promoted more comprehensively in the first decades of the century than has previously been understood. This is a small but noteworthy correction to the conventional wisdom that equality before the law was grossly inadequate prior to the large publicly funded schemes of the postWorld War II period. The reforms also demonstrate that contrary to the conventional wisdom in the literature, the legal professions were not the first to establish organised legal aid schemes. Instead the Australian governments' schemes were prompted by soaring demand for legal assistance from service personnel and their families prompted by World War I and were introduced after the governments unsuccessfully attempted to persuade the private legal professions to improve the inadequate legal aid arrangements existing at the time. The professions employed similar delaying tactics to those used to slow the reform process in England, but the outcome was different to the events in England at the time. What distinguishes the Australian story is that a number of Australian State Governments became impatient with the profession's delaying tactics and proceeded to establish publicly funded and organised INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE LEGAL PROFESSION, VOL. 11, NO. 3, NOVEMBER 2004


The study investigated the information processing demands of three different approaches to message encoding: letter codes based on the first letters of salient words in the message; letter category codes based on the first letters of a category plus a specifier; and iconic codes derived from-the icons and semantic associations proposed by Baker (1982, 1987). Six nonspeaking, functionally literate, physically disabled adults participated in the study. Three counterbalanced conditions, corresponding to the three message encoding techniques, were presented to each subject. Within each condition, subjects were given 15 minutes of study time to learn a list of 30 messages and their two element codes. Half of the messages involved concrete referents; the other half involved abstract concepts. After a 40 minute retention interval spent in conversation with the investigator, the subjects were randomly presented with contexts that necessitated the messages' use and were tested for their recall of the codes. The re...


The antioxidant mechanism of ebselen involves recently discovered reductions by mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and thioredoxin (Trx) forming ebselen selenol. Here we describe a previously unknown reaction; ebselen reacts with its selenol forming an ebselen diselenide with a rate constant of 372 m −1s−1. The diselenide also was a substrate of TrxR forming the selenol withK m of 40 μm andk cat of 79 min−1(k cat/K m of 3.3 × 104 m −1s−1). Trx increased the reduction because of its fast reaction with diselenide (rate constant 1.7 × 103 m −1s−1). Diselenide stimulated the H2O2 reductase activity of TrxR, even more efficiently with Trx present. Because the mechanism of ebselen as an antioxidant has been assumed to involve glutathione peroxidase-like activity, we compared the H2O2 reductase activity of ebselen with the GSH and Trx systems. TrxR at 50 nm, far below the estimated physiological level, gave 8-fold higher activity compared with 1 mm GSH; addition of 5 μm Trx increased this difference to 13-fold. The rate constant of ebselen selenol reacting with H2O2was estimated to be faster than 350m −1s−1. We propose novel mechanisms for ebselen antioxidant action involving ebselen selenol and diselenide formation, with the thioredoxin system rather than glutathione as the predominant effector and target.


Earthquake history shows that the Sunda subduction zone of the Indonesian margin produces great earthquakes offshore Sumatra, whereas earthquakes of comparable magnitude are lacking offshore Java and the Lesser Sunda islands. Morphological structures from multibeam bathymetric data across the forearc relate with the extent of the seismogenic zone (SZ).
Off Java and the Lesser Sunda islands the Indo-Australian plate subducts almost normal underneath the oceanic plate of the Indonesian archipelago. Landward of the trench, the outer wedge of the slope break is ~50 km uniformly wide with uniform bathymetric gradients. The slope of the outer wedge is locally cut by one/two steeper ridges of ~5 km extent. The sharp slope break corresponds to the updip limit of the SZ, which is also associated with the seawardmost part of the outer arc high. Landward of the slope break we find narrow, uniform outer arc ridges. The landward termination of these ridges coincides with the downdip limit of the SZ. The intersection of the shallow upper plate mantle with the subduction thrust fault marks the downdip limit of the SZ beneath the forearc.
Off Sumatra the Indo-Australian plate subducts obliquely underneath the continental part of the Indonesian Sunda margin. Landward of the trench, the outer wedge varies, being mostly ~70 km wide, in some areas narrowing to 50 km width. The lower slope bathymetric gradients are steep. The outer wedge slope is made up of several steeper ridges of ~5 km extent. The slope break is only locally sharp, and corresponds to the updip limit of the SZ. The outer arc ridges off Sumatra are, in comparison with the forearc structures off Java and the Lesser Sunda islands, wider and partly elevated above sea level forming the Mentawai forearc islands. The downdip limit of the SZ coincides with the intersection of a deeper upper plate mantle with the subduction thrust fault beneath the forearc. Sunda Strait marks a transition zone between the Sumatra and Java margins.
Seafloor morphology enables the identification of the seismogenic zone (SZ) across the entire Sunda margin. The SZ is uniformly wide for the Sumatra margin and narrows off Sunda Strait. Sunda Strait is the transition between the Sumatra margin and the uniformly narrow extent of the SZ of the Java/Lesser Sunda margin. Comparing the Java and Lesser Sunda islands with the Sumatra margin we find the differences along the Sunda margin, especially the wider extent of the SZ off Sumatra, producing larger earthquakes, to result from the combination of various causes: The sediment income on the oceanic incoming plate and the subduction direction; we attribute a major role to the continental/oceanic upper plate nature of Sumatra/Java influencing the composition and deformation style along the forearc and subduction fault. Off Sumatra the SZ is up to more than twice as wide as off Java/Lesser Sunda islands, enlarging the unstable regime off Sumatra and thus the risk of sudden stress release in a great earthquake.


Perhaps no one is better positioned than Professor Edwards to provide a critical assessment of the interconnection among sport, race and American culture. The man who organized the proposed boycott of the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City and has served for years as the conscience for an institution that has not always lived up to its professed ideals of fair play and equality, Professor Edwards has provided important insights into the racial realities of American sport through his many presentations, interviews, public pronouncements, articles, and such books as Black Students (1970), The Revolt of the Black Athlete (1969), The Struggle that Must Be: An Autobiography (1980), and Sociology of Sport (1973). In this plenary address Edwards furnishes an assessment of the status of African American athletes during the new age of globalization and current economic instability inflicting intercollegiate sport. Careful to put the topic in its proper historical context, Professor Edwards makes clear that the reintegration of sport in post-World War II America was motivated more by business and politics than brotherhood and that the selective one-way nature of the process has led to a plantation system in which whites control sport while African Americans are relegated to the less powerful position of athlete. The selective and one-way rather than two-way and structural process of reintegration successfully put an end to all black sports institutions while at once funneling a disproportionate number of African American male athletes into basketball and football and their female counterparts into basketball and track and field. Coinciding with the development of a plantation system in sport has been the outmigration of the more affluent members of the African American community that has led to the deepening material deterioration and resultant desperation and hopelessness of that community. No one has been more affected by this deterioration than young African American males who have increasingly been mired in poverty, limited in their access to a quality education, overrepresented in the criminal justice system, and with little hope of career success beyond that of dreaming of becoming a rap artist or professional athlete. Unfortunately, the chances of becoming an athlete at the highest level is severely limited and becoming increasingly so, especially now with more potentially great


This document is a 50-page effort to clearly explain both the internals of our control system and its interface to the outside world. The target audience is twofold. First, as the title suggests, it should provide newcomers with a quick way to get a complete picture of our system. Second, and most important, it is intended as a basis for understanding with our usual partners (operators, hardware specialists, etc.). People concerned by controls outside our group will get a clear view of the philosophy in use at the PS Controls Group so that discussions, requests and suggestions will be much more efficient. The document touches upon a variety of subjects in an informal, easy to read style, including the network, hardware and low-level software, timing, application programs support, exploitation and current projects. Geneva, Switzerland 17 September 1999


Field experiments with several pesticides were carried out in order to control Laodelphax striatellus and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and kill spiders.The results indicated that 25%pymetrozine WP(75 g/hm~2)had the best control effect on L.striatellus and the longest duration,and its corrected control efficiency was 80.2%and 90.8%respectively at 3 and 7 days after application.The control efficiencies of 20%chlorantraniliprole SC(30 g/hm~2),25%chlorpyrifos·monosultap WP(375 g/hm2), 15%indoxacarb EC(27 g/hm~2),and 25%avermectin·chlorpyrifos EC(375 g/hm~2) on C.medinalis were all above 80%at 10 days after application,and there were not significant differences between them.Application of 25%pymetrozine WP(75 g/hm~2),15%indoxacarb EC(27 g/hm~2),20%chlorantraniliprole SC(30 g/hm~2)or 25%buprofezin WP(300 g/hm~2)had a rather low killing efficiency on spiders, with the corrected mortality of spiders being 12.6%~28.0%.Application of 5%fipronil SC (30 g/hm~2),48%chlorpyrifos EC(432 g/hm~2)or 2%avermectin EC(13.5 g/hm~2)could reach a rather high control effect on spiders,with the corrected mortality of spiders being up to 90.8%.The field survey showed that compared with blank control,chemical control made the spider population decrease by 51.72%.


Internet-supported learning environment (ISLE) is necessary for students in higher institutions in order to be able to learn efficiently in a class. The study investigated the importance of applying ISLE among Malaysian university students to understand the acceptance of technology whether it is in line with the major shift in the education system in 21st century. It was measured through students' motivation level in learning using four ISLE motivation factors which included technology, effort, persistence and task choice. The four ISLE motivation factors by Bekele (2010) were mapped in the questionnaire based on Innovation Components Configuration Map by Javeri & Persichitte (2007). The finding showed that all the four ISLE motivation factors affected student motivation level in accepting technology in their learning. Since ISLE is relatively less structured, student focused, and process oriented, it helps students to learn the courses more efficiently.


Economic and philosophical conceptions about the consumption are considered in the article. The universal and specific subjects are revealled. The frames and contents of the philosophical-economic analysis of the consumption are determined


Manufacturing systems have become large scale systems with increasing complexity particularly magnified by highly changing contexts. The system's ability to cope with change (i.e. changeability) is recognized as a critical lifecycle property in the manufacturing system and engineering design domains. Given the complexity of changeable manufacturing systems, the proposed methodology of this dissertation aims to support design of changeability in subscribing to the domain of system engineering. The first contribution is a formalism for modeling changeability in a systemic way. Flexibility and reconfigurability paradigms are not limited to physical components of the system, but to the overall system architecture that encompasses all engineering artifacts relating to the designed system in both the requirements and physical solution domains. The second contribution is the methodology for the design and the management of changeability. The methodology utilizes a lifecycle model for changeable systems, in which design for changeability phases alternate with re-design phases that embrace and benefit from the existing changeability capabilities. These complementary processes allow a better consistency between design decisions to embed and reuse changeability, increasing changeability potential during the lifecycle of complex systems. The developed concepts and methodologies are validated in manufacturing system design projects from an automotive supplier. Finally, perspectives on design tools assisting the proposed methodology are discussed.


Mixed-methods were used to investigate treatment outcomes for youth enrolled in an innovative sports-based group therapy intervention. Chart review was conducted for 65 youth, aged 5 to 13 years over one academic year at an elementary school serving high-needs youth in an urban district. Analysis revealed symptom reduction for 72% of participants. For a subset of students (n = 34) with available Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS) Assessments, the average number of adverse experiences was 2.74 (SD: 2.11). Qualitative coding of progress notes and discharge summaries was used to assess symptom presentation and treatment outcomes. This sports-based group therapy intervention promotes access to services while minimizing stigma.


Introduction:Candidacy for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson disease (PD) is typically assessed by the preoperative motor response to levodopa along with an interdisciplinary evaluation. However, recent cases treated at our institution have achieved good outcomes with DBS despite a sub-30% improvement in motor scores. The aim of this study was to examine the outcomes of DBS in a subset of patients who failed to reach the 30% motor improvement threshold. Methods:A review of all DBS patients treated at the University of Florida Movement Disorders Center between 2002 and 2009 was performed utilizing a DBS database. All patients with sub-30% improvement in Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part III after dopaminergic medication administration were included. Results:Nine patients were identified; DBS was performed for severe dyskinesia (n=5), "on/off motor" fluctuations (n=1) and medication-refractory tremor (n=3). The target symptoms were improved in all patients. Postoperatively, scores on the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Part II and III and subscores on Parkinson disease questionnaire-39 improved (P<0.05). Conclusions:Although motor response to levodopa remains the primary selection criteria for DBS candidacy in Parkinson disease, patients who do not meet the 30% threshold and have disabling symptoms may still benefit from DBS. Select patients with severe dyskinesia, "on/off" motor fluctuations, and/or medication-refractory tremor may experience significant benefits from DBS and should be considered on a case by case basis through an interdisciplinary team evaluation.


On calcareous soils in Texas, «Mt. Barker» subclover (T. subterraneum) often has Fe-deficiency chlorosis, while «Clare» subclover (T. brachycalycinum) appears to be resistant. Our objective was to screen 22 available subclover cultivars in the greenhouse for susceptibility to Fe-deficiency chlorosis


Water assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is used widely to synthesize super long, vertically aligned, densely packed carbon nanotube (CNT) forests. Various water assisted CVD parameters give the important influence on the quality of CNT forests. In this paper, several main parameters in water assisted CVD are optimized, such as the flow rate of H2, the content of water and growth temperature. Furthermore, growth on the conductive substrate is also studied by water assisted CVD. Under optimum condition with 10 minutes growth, the length of CNT forests could be 815 μm on silicon substrate and 369 μm on conductive substrate.


Contrary to tropospheric CO2 whose oxygen iso- topic composition follows a standard mass dependent rela- tionship, i.e. 17 O 0.5 18 O, stratospheric CO2 is preferen- tially enriched in 17 O, leading to a strikingly different rela- tion: 17 O 1.7 18 O. It has been shown repeatedly that the isotope anomaly is inherited from O3 via photolytically pro- duced O( 1 D) that undergoes isotope exchange with CO2 and the anomaly may well serve as a tracer of stratospheric chem- istry if details of the exchange mechanism are understood. We have studied the photochemical isotope equilibrium in UV-irradiated O2-CO2 and O3-CO2 mixtures to quantify the transfer of the anomaly from O3 to CO2 at room tempera- ture. By following the time evolution of the oxygen isotopic compositions of CO2 and O2 under varying initial isotopic compositions of both, O2/O3 and CO2, the isotope equilibria between the two reservoirs were determined. A very strong dependence of the isotope equilibrium on the O2/CO2-ratio was established. Equilibrium enrichments of 17 O and 18 O in CO2 relative to O2 diminish with increasing CO2 content, and this reduction in the equilibrium enrichments does not follow a standard mass dependent relation. When molecular oxygen exceeds the amount of CO2 by a factor of about 20, 17 O and 18 O in equilibrated CO2 are enriched by (142±4)‰ and (146±4)‰, respectively, at room temperature and at a pressure of 225 hPa, independent of the initial isotopic com- positions of CO2 and O2 or O3. From these findings we de- rive a simple and general relation between the starting iso- topic compositions and amounts of O2 and CO2 and the ob- served slope in a three oxygen isotope diagram. Predictions from this relation are compared with published laboratory and atmospheric data.


The incidence of early onset neonatal GBS(EOGBS) disease in the UK and Ireland is 0.57/1000 births. Intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) reduces the risk. Previous colonisation is associated with 50% carriage in the current pregnancy. In these women, RCOG recommends IAP with a history of neonatal infection, otherwise offering the option of screening at 35-37 weeks. In Ireland, there is no national consensus on IAP in prior GBS colonisation. Currently at University Hospital Waterford (UHW), all women with prior GBS colonisation receive IAP. Studies examining the use of point-of-care testing have shown reduction in the use of IAP and EOGBS rates. We aimed to examine the screening and IAP administration in maternal prior GBS colonisation and the incidence of GBS in this cohort in UHW. Data was collected retrospectively from laboratory, medical records and electronic patient manager systems. Women who received IAP between 1stJuly 2020 and 31stDecember 2020 were identified. Women who received IAP for current and prior GBS colonisation were included. Women who received IAP for preterm labour, preterm prelabour rupture of membranes and pyrexia in labour were excluded. Ninety-two women with current or prior GBS colonisation received IAP, of which only 15(16.30%) were current and 77(83.69%) were prior GBS colonisation. In women with prior GBS colonisation, 49(63.63%) were screened, 3/49(6.12%) were positive, 28 were not screened. Seventy-eight (84.78%) received benzyl-penicillin. Six (6.52%) received clindamycin. Twenty-two (23.91%) babies were admitted to the Neonatal Unit, however, only one cultured positive for gram-positive cocci. The incidence of EOGBS in this cohort is low. A risk-based approach or point-of-care testing should be considered to reduce unnecessary IAP administration.


Several techniques are proposed for the implementation of a digital microcellular system. These techniques consist of multiple base station registration, a self-organizing dynamic channel assignment named channel segregation, a base station antenna selection diversity, and a linear modulation. These techniques are especially suitable for a digital microcellular system: (1) to cope with decentralization in system control, heavily deformed and overlapped zones, and long duration of fading; and (2) to utilize its property of low transmit power. These techniques can be introduced without significant increase of system cost and equipment size. A system design example based on the DECT (Digital European Cordless Telecommunications) system is shown.<<ETX>>


Our group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is in the initial phase of developing a prototype laser-cooled atomic frequency standard (AFS) for potential use in a future global positioning system (GPS) system. The expected fractional frequency stability or Allan deviation, sy(t), will be 2 × 10-13 at one second, improving as the square-root of the averaging time to 7 × 10-16 at one day. This corresponds to an expected time dispersion of 0.060 ns at one day, or 0.02 m of user range error (URE). We discuss the design and development process underway at NIST, as well as capabilities enabled by this AFS in GPS.


Objective Discussion under tensile stress,Cytoskeleton (CSK) destruction agent and ion channel blockers on the metabolism of rabbit knee joint cartilage cells cultured in vitro.Methods 10 New Zealand white rabbits,2-month-old,under sterile conditions to taken knees,and digestion for cartilage cells,and randomly divided into eight groups,namely the control group,microtubules,microfilaments,intermediate filaments destruction group,Na +,K +,Ca2+,Cl-channel blocking group.The tensile stress intervention 3 d,hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was observed morphology.Results HE staining morphology of chondrocytes from normal chondrocytes into are uniform,different patterns,with hyperchromatic nuclei,of different sizes,cytoplasmic reduced.The concentration of CSK in the supernatant of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) failure group were 15.57,18.00,14.04 μg/L lower than the control group 24.23 μg/L (P < 0.05) ; filaments,intermediate filaments were damaged in the concentration of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 was 9.28,9.82 μg/L decreased compared with the control group 12.66 μg/L (P <0.05),intermediate filaments were damaged in the concentration of tissue inhibitorof metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 is 5.06 mg/L were increased significantly compared with the control group 2.32 mg/L (P <0.05);Ca2+,Cl-ion channel block GAG concentration was 6.40,95.95 μg/L compared with the control group,there was statistical significance;K+,Cl-channel block MMP-13 concentrations were 8.83,6.67 μg/L were lower than the control group (P < 0.05) ;the experimental group chondrocytes mRNA relative expression quantity was reduced (P < 0.05) ;Cytoskeleton damage in each group,its corresponding protein mRNA expression quantity were 54.4,52.1,51.3 ng/μl than control group to reduce and statistical significance.Conclusion Under the action of tensile stress,damage CSK and block ion channel make cartilage cells occur degradation,tubulin,vimentin and Na+,Cl-channel may relate to the cartilage cells secrete matrix is closely.

Key words:
Chondrocytes; Cytoskeleton; Ion channels; Type Ⅱ collagen; Glycosaminoglycan


Photoluminescence measurements have been carried out to investigate the effects of the doping compensation on the near band edge emission lines in the nitrogen doped ZnO thin films grown on silicon substrates by using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. The results of the PL spectra for the N-doped layers show that the peak positions of the near band edge emission lines shift to higher energy with increasing temperature within the low-temperature region. The radiative recombinations of the carriers are related to the band-tail states, and the temperature-dependent blueshifts are analyzed by using a Gaussian distribution of the charged impurities.


We propose a new real-time packet scheduling algorithm for streaming scalable H.264. Our algorithm makes use of a packet importance measure, which we define, that takes into consideration transmission history, channel conditions, and the unique decoding dependencies due to the temporal wavelet encoding. Our algorithm utilizes this importance measure to minimize the expected reconstruction distortion at the decoder under a certain rate constraint. In our experimental results we show gains of more than 3 dB in decoded video quality when transmissions are controlled with our algorithm as compared to existing schedulers


Quinazoline, under electron impact, fragments by the consecutive loss of two molecules of HCN to give a benzyne radical ion. Fragmentation of substituted quinazolines also occurs by this pathway as well as by others normally associated with the breakdown of the substituent. In all cases studied, groups attached to C(4) were lost in preference to those on C(2). Substituents on C(5) or C(8) usually gave rise to abnormal fragmentations involving the peri-positions, C(4) and N(1), respectively.


The combinatorial basis of entropy by Boltzmann can be written H = N−1 ln W, where H is the dimensionless entropy of a system, per unit entity, N is the number of entities and W is the number of ways in which a given realization of the system can occur, known as its statistical weight. Maximizing the entropy ("MaxEnt") of a system, subject to its constraints, is then equivalent to choosing its most probable ("MaxProb") realization. For a system of distinguishable entities and states, W is given by the multinomial weight, and H asymptotically approaches the Shannon entropy. In general, however, W need not be multinomial, leading to different entropy measures. This work examines the allocation of distinguishable entities to non‐degenerate or equally degenerate, indistinguishable states. The non‐degenerate form converges to the Shannon entropy in some circumstances, whilst the degenerate case gives a new entropy measure, a function of a multinomial coefficient, coding parameters, and Stirling numbers of the ...


Abstract Objectives: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of an innovative curriculum designed to teach communicative receptive and expressive language to non-verbal children with autism through reading and writing. Methods: Randomized, controlled clinical trial of 18 children aged 5–13 years with autistic disorder and functional spoken language limited to single words, holophrases, or over-learned phrases. The treatment group (n = 9; mean age: 7·1 years; three female) received 9–11 months of one-to-one instruction in reading and writing. The control group (n = 9; mean age: 8·6 years; two female) received teaching that matched the literacy curriculum in all features of administration and organization, but taught number recognition, addition, and subtraction. Before and after the intervention, participants were given criterion-referenced tests to assess their skills in the knowledge domains taught in the treatment and control interventions. Results: Five literacy participants and four control participants completed the study. Both groups showed greater improvement on the skills in which they had been trained, compared to the other group: Hotelling's Trace = 0·66, F(1,7) = 4·63, P = 0·034 (one-tailed),  = 0·40. On the literacy criterion-referenced test, the literacy group showed significant improvement: paired t(4) = 2·40, P = 0·037 (one-tailed); the control group did not (P>0·10). Discussion: Literacy instruction may be a route to language acquisition for some children with autism who have little or no functional spoken language.


This article discusses a possible relationship that can be observed between the notion of capitalism and the art of the second half of the 19th century, more specifically the so-called decadent, or symbolist literature. This period in which the influence of Charles Baudelaire reigned in the artistic vanguards, and in the ways of presenting an individual who was born under the aegis of a capitalist society, had in modernity and in its aesthetic ruptures a form of expression of individuality more focused on consumption. With that, through a sociological analysis of some literary works from that historical moment, I seek to analyze what would be the impacts of this capitalism for the formation of an artistic mentality, and of social rupture. With the works of Joris-Karl Huysmans, Oscar Wilde and the critical approach of sociologists Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, in addition to the philosopher and social thinker Walter Benjamin, I try to draw parallels between a social critic and an artistic production, in which the concept of the beautiful, and its emanations, would seem to point to a critique of the capitalist model of society at the time, mainly the bourgeois notion of reality.


The characteristics of a claw-pole generator are calculated using a two-dimensional analytical approach as well as using a two-dimensional FEM (finite-element method) calculation. The no-load curve, the torque, and the leakage inductances are obtained. The results of the two methods are compared, and the theoretical results are compared with experimental values. It is concluded that both two-dimensional approaches give sufficient accuracy for the analysis of the field and the characteristics of a claw-pole synchronous generator. The finite element method can account better for the stator current and is preferable in the load situation, but the analytical method better represents the rotor, and therefore is advantageous at no-load. >


We report the critical behavior of osmotic compressibility (XT), that was deduced from turbidity, in an ionic fluid mixture comprised of tetra-n-butylammonium picrate in a low dielectric solvent, I-dodecanol. The liquid-liquid phase separation in this system is driven, predominantly, by Coulombic interactions. Measurements covered the reduced temperature, t, range 7 x 10-5 :::; t :::; 7 X 10-2 • The critical behavior of XT indicates a crossover from the mean field to the Ising critical exponent, as the critical temperature (Tc) is approached.