In this paper, a cooperative operation method is proposed in a multi-energy microgrid with high penetration levels of renewable energy sources. To handle uncertainties rising from wind turbines and photovoltaic cells, the rolling optimization approach is thus applied to achieve online multi-energy management with the constantly updated information. Through the effective coordination of energy markets, multi-energy networks, energy storage systems, and generators, a reliable and economic operation scheme is fulfilled. At last, to show the effectiveness of our proposed method, a case study with two compassion cases for the operation of multi-energy microgrids is done. The simulation results indicate that our method is more cost-effective for the cooperative operation of renewable-integrated multi-energy microgrids under uncertainty sources.


It is the purpose of this article to comment on some of the legal problems that may arise if measures now being considered for the mechanical handling of checks by collecting banks are adopted and put into effect. It is well known that the use of the check as an instrument of payment has ibeen steadily increasing over the years : as long ago as 1952 the average number of checks written each day in this country was said to be 29,000,000, or about eight billion a year ; and it was estimated in 1954 (by the Joint Committee on the Check Collection System) that the annual volume might reach 14 billion in 1960 and 22 billion by 1970. The marked increase in the use of checks since that estimate was made has fully justified its reliability. All checks have to be presented to and processed by the drawee banks. Four-fifths of the checks issued are deposited in banks for collection or are cashed by banks other than the drawee banks, and are then forwarded to the drawees, either directly or through other banks, for presentment and payment. The handling of so many individual pieces of paper, each of which has a dollar measure of importance for the drawer, the payee or other holder and the collecting and paying banks, is an expensive operation for the banks, in terms of personnel involved, machine rental, and operating space. Much progress has been made in recent years in developing electronic processes for the handling of checks at the end of the line at the drawee bank in such a way as to make it possible to dispense with a certain amount of human intervention in the posting of checks to the drawers' accounts and in the preparation of the statements of account that are periodically sent to the depositors, the drawers of the checks. These processes are based upon the simple principle that symbols, or code marks, in magnetized ink, can ibe placed in selected fields on the face or back of each check and can be made to actuate machinery which will do some of the things that human hands or manually operated machines are now called upon to do. These processes are understood to encompass measures whereby stop-payment orders and checks drawn against insufficient or unavailable funds could readily be brought to the attention of the machine operator or his supervisor. The next logical step was to try to extend this principle to the handling of checks by the collecting banks, so that checks would contain certain symbols that would make it possible for electronicallyactuated machinery in the office of a collecting bank (1) to list the


The aim of this study was to compare the arm-leg coordination in flat breaststroke among four groups of swimmers (elite males, elite females and non-elite males, non-elite females) of two different competitive levels. Using a velocity-video system, both forward acceleration and


As the length of the ISI(Inter-Symbol Interference)introduced by the system of FTN(Faster-than-Nyquist)is infinite,to eliminate the ISI and enable low complexity of the detection in FTN system solves the problem that restricts the development of the FTN.The goal of low complexity receiver,precoding and some low complexity equalization technology in FTN transmission system were introduced in detail,including:GTMH-precoding,M-BCJR algorithm,windowed Chase equalizer and frequency-domain equalization algorithm.The analysis and comparison of the four algorithms were given;and the in advantages,disadvantages and applications were also presented.The foundation of the practical application of FTN transmission technology is laid by precoding and low complexity receiver technology in FTN transmission system.


concept borrowed from sociology and political science. In essence, however, the study is a narrative history (which is not necessarily devoid of analysis) 0 f this critical period in Chicano political leadership. The "Mexican American Generation" contains three major leadership groups, "The Middle Class" (Part 1), "Labor and the Left" (Part 2), and the "Mexican American Intellectuals" (Part 3) that possess several distinguishable characteristics. This generation is composed of leaders who were predominantly native-born Mexican Americans who, for the first time, viewed themselves as permanent U.S. citizens. Yet, because of the political history and culture of the Southwest (characterized by dominant and subordinant relations between Anglos and Mexicans), this cadre of new leaders fought in a number of political fronts to initiate the process of empowering their own ethnic group. They were led by "lower middle-class professionals and businessmen" as well as those ofworking-class background such as leaders ofthe labor movement and radical organizations. One of the significant strengths of this book is the author's penetrating efforts to find similar characteristics of this, ideologically, diverse leadership group. For example, in their struggles to bring about political equality, all leaders of the "Mexican American Generation" stressed similaritiesinstead ofdifferences between their group and the political system; all of them struggled for a pluralistic society and a rejection of the melting pot model; all of them emphasized the ultimate political equality ofthe Mexican-American citizen; and all of them regarded educational reform as their most important social issue. The extensive research on the leaders' goals tied with the social environment of this era masterfully glues the whole manuscript together. Garcia concludes his work by providing an interpretation and analysis of Chicano history as an integral part ofAmerican history and its linkage with the Chicano generation. Mexican Americans has many strengths, including the author's complete reliance on primary sources. Nevertheless, the book does have faults. Methodologically, there seems to be a gap between the framing of the questions in social science methodology with his narrative answers. Historians, unfortunately, have been short of methodological rigor. Garcia's political appreciation and sympathy for the engaging struggle ofthese leaders was evident throughout the volume and rightfully so. Notwithstanding, at times the author seems short ofcritical analysis. Moreover, one can dispute, politically, the timing of this era. In other words, one can successfully argue the year 1945 as a demarcation of an new era in Mexican-American political history. In spite of these shortcomings and some that are less evident, the thoroughness ofGarcia's research efforts carves out an era ofMexican-American political history that is distinct and unique. It is, indeed, a sizeable contribution to MexicanAmerican political history.


India has some of the worst indicators of child well-being. About half of all Indian children are undernourished, more than half suffer from anaemia, and a similar proportion escape "full immunisation". There is therefore an urgent need to re-examine what India is doing for the survival, well-being and rights of children under the age of six years. Ultimately, this involves addressing the structural roots of child deprivation. However, there is also an immediate need to protect this age group by integrating it in an effective system of child development services that leaves no child behind. In this context, this paper, along with the collection of articles published in this issue, examines the role of the Integrated Child Development Services programme in protecting the rights of children under six.


We considered an integrable multicomponent Yajima-Oikawa system and construct the dark oneand twosoliton solutions by using the Hirota's bilinearization method. Then we investigate the propagation and collision dynamics of multicomponent dark solitons. Especially, we reveal the role of arbitrary nonlinearity coefficients on the soliton dynamics.


Immune response is a universal and evolutionarily conserved mechanism of host defense against infection. It is the first line of defense found in all multicellular organisms and is adaptive only in vertebrates (Medzhitov, 1997). The body responds to tissue injury through two different defense systems, the innate (nonspecific or non-adaptive) and adaptive (specific) immune system. The adaptive immune response is highly specific and has a memory which helps the system to remember the invading agent but the innate immune system is an evolutionary rudiment whose only function is to contain the infection regardless of the type of invading pathogen until the "real" immune response can kick in. Adaptive immunity developed because of the inflexibility of the nonclonal receptors used by the innate immune response. It uses receptors and effectors that are ancient in their lineage and must provide protection against a wide variety of pathogens. Defects in innate immunity are very rare and almost always lethal.


The LAMOST is the first telescope using active optics on a thin segmented in China and actually in the world. However,the current design of the telescope is still for confocal imaging and does not involve the coplanar technology. The co-phase technology has been successfully applied to the Keck telescope,resulting in the diffraction image corresponding to a 10m mirror in the infrared band. This paper gives a brief description about the algorithm on the Keck and developes a simulation software usable for detecting the piston errors between mirror segments. The software will be applied to the experimental system of active optics on the segmented mirror on the LAMOST. The simulation result shows that the method should be practically applicable.


Human gait is the identity of a person's style and quality of life. Reliable cognition of gait properties over time, continuous monitoring, accuracy of evaluation, and proper analysis of human gait characteristics have demonstrated their importance not only in clinical and medical studies, but also in the field of sports, rehabilitation, training, and robotics research. Focusing on walking gait, this study presents an overview on gait mechanisms, common technologies used in gait analysis, and importance of this particular field of research. Firstly, available technologies that involved in gait analysis are briefly introduced in this paper by concentrating on the usability and limitations of the systems. Secondly, key gait parameters and motion characteristics are elucidated from four angles of views; one: gait phases and gait properties; two: center of mass and center of pressure (CoM-CoP) tracking profile; three: Ground Reaction Force (GRF) and impact, and four: muscle activation. Thirdly, the study focuses on the clinical observations of gait patterns in diagnosing gait abnormalities of impaired patients. The presentation also shows the importance of gait analysis in sports to improve performance as well as to avoid risk of injuries of sports personnel. Significance of gait analysis in robotic research is also illustrated in this part where the study focuses on robot assisted systems and its possible applicability in clinical rehabilitation and sports training.


Learning Indonesian in elementary schools is carried out with attention to language skills. The four language skills are listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. In practice, listening skills become skills that are rarely trained and / or implemented in an inappropriate way. This is caused by various things. One of them is listening learning carried out with material used for listening learning derived from textbooks published by certain publishers. Thus, the material may not accommodate local wisdom. This research is part of the development research carried out in stages. This research is the second stage of the five planned stages. At this stage, the research is carried out until the revision stage of the expert validation results. This article only discusses the results of expert validation in the material development section. The results showed that the learning material developed did not fully accommodate local wisdom. The validator gives advice relating to the content of material that can be developed in order to raise local wisdom and remain in accordance with the basic competencies used.


This paper presents a buying and selling timing prediction system for stocks on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The system is based on neural networks and was jointly developed by Fujitsu and Nikko Securities Co., LTD. The prediction system was used in simulations of stock transactions during the period from January 1985 to May 1989. The buying and selling performance was fairly high above the TOPIX (Tokyo Stock Price Index). The system was put into service in September 1989. In experiments involving actual transactions conducted between September 1989 and October 1992, the system provided a per annum return of 1.60%, which was far above the per annum return of −20.63% which would have been obtained using the TOPIX buy-and-hold strategy. This result shows the effectiveness of the prediction system


This note argues that one passage in Thomas Nashe's Lenten Stuff (1599) refers to a hitherto unacknowledged source, Richard Johnson's Seven Champions of Christendom from 1596.


THE FIRST STEP in treating a disease is diagnosing it. For tropical diseases in developing countries, such diagnoses aren't as easy as they should be. Many of these countries lack the trained personnel or reliable infrastructure to support complicated analyses. Simplified methods and equipment could improve such diagnoses. A symposium at Pittcon, held last month in Chicago, focused on efforts to develop better, cheaper methods for diagnosing tropical diseases. The American Chemical Society's Division of Analytical Chemistry organized and sponsored the symposium. Helen Lee of the department of hematology at the University of Cambridge presented surprising statistics about the availability of basic supplies and infrastructure in developing countries. In a survey of African facilities, a small yet significant fraction lacked even the most basic resources, such as a reliable source of electricity and tap water (17% and 7%, respectively), she said. The availability of other supplies was worse, and 40% of facil...


The road towards decarbonization and production of sustainable and cheap electricity relies on the use of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. However, such converter-based plants do not contribute kinetic energy to the system, and so substitution of traditional plants with renewables causes the system kinetic energy to drop, making the grid more unstable and vulnerable to disturbances which in turn increases the use and dependability on frequency containment reserves. Hence the need for increased power requirement and higher ramp rates from the reserves would result in an exponential increase in cost for availing of such services. A solution to mitigate imbalances in grid system power could be found through the utilization of energy storage systems (ESS). The ESS can provide faster and higher power support while keeping the cost comparatively low at high power requirements. A novel research was conducted on a modified N ordic-32 Test system using PSS®E simulation software where various solar PV plants and wind turbines were placed according to Nordic development plans to simulate the future Nordic grid with different levels of renewable energy penetration (REP) and estimate the amount of frequency containment reserve for disturbance (FCR-D) required for N-1 contingency disturbance and compare the overall cost of FCR-D using traditional sources and ESS using Lithium-ion and Vanadium Redox flow b atteries. The results showed the performance of the ESS for frequency regulation was better compared to conventional hydro turbines, showing smaller initial system frequency dip and flexible power r amp-up r ates as required at different REP levels. The overall cost of FCR-D services was reduced by 40% or more when FCR-D services were provided by a combined contribution from traditional sources and ESS when compared to traditional sources alone.


'Alcman lived sometime in the seventh century.' 'At some period in the seventh century Sparta was occupied with the Second Messenian War, but we do not know its date or whether Alcman lived before or during or after it.' Between these two utterances, part of a papyrus commentary on Alcman was published,3 from which it appeared that the poet mentioned names known to us from the Spartan king-lists. It might have been expected that this discovery would lead to a more precise dating for Alcman. Some people think, that in fact it does, and I am one of them.


Abstract : A recent Air Force Logistics Management Center (AFLMC) report recommended the Air Force increase the retention period before declaring base- stocked reparable (XD) items completely excess at the base. This study examines the impact on the worldwide peacetime safety level requirements of implementing the AFLMC recommendation. AFLC uses the Aircraft Availability Model (AAM) to compute peacetime safety levels for aircraft replenishment spares. We show how changing base retention for complete excess affects the number of base users in AAM and how this in turn affects item safety levels. We then estimate the dollar impact on XD safety level requirements of implementing the increased retention period and discuss implementation issues.


Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker analysis for dementia diagnostics (ie, the analysis of amyloid β42, total tau and phosphorylated tau) is increasingly used in clinical practice.1 However, there is still debate among researchers and clinicians about the sensitivity and specificity of various biomarker analyses, especially when comparing dementia subtypes.2 The lack of consensus and heterogeneity for evidence on CSF biomarker use and validity is likely to have resulted in variable practices: belief in the utility of biomarker measurement has likely stimulated the use of CSF analysis in clinical practice in some places whereas elsewhere this practice probably has not been adopted at all. The extent of this variability …


The purpose of this study was to examine the family relationships of gifted and nongifted adolescents. Two hundred two youth were surveyed to determine if differences existed in their amount and types of employment, task time, free time, and family conflicts. Students enrolled in "college prep" English courses were designated as the gifted sample, and students enrolled in "regular" English courses comprised the nongifted sample. Gifted students were found to be employed fewer hours than nongifted students, reported fewer incidents of conflict among family members, and rated the quality of their family relationships significantly higher than nongifted students.


The spatial double cable plane inclined tower cable-stayed bridge with no backstays has the advantages of elegant and fluent modeling,novel and unique concept,whose Aesthetic effect is harmonious to the surrounding environment.Combined with its design,the bridge's overall design,construction features,structural analysis and so on are introduced in this paper.


Discovering reliable measures that inform on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis is critical for providing appropriate and timely treatment for this neurodevelopmental disorder. In this work we present applications of adversarial linear factor models in the creation of improved biomarkers for ASD diagnosis. First, we demonstrate that an adversarial linear factor model can be used to remove confounding information from our biomarkers, ensuring that they contain only pertinent information on ASD. Second, we show this same model can be used to learn a disentangled representation of multimodal biomarkers that results in an increase in predictive performance. These results demonstrate that adversarial methods can address both biomarker confounds and improve biomarker predictive performance.


An anisotropic line broadening study of CuO is reported. X-ray powder diffraction line width modifications observed are modeled when comparing data coming from (1) commercial analytical grade CuO, (2) energetic ball milling sample for 1 h, and (3) samples prepared by thermally annealing the ball milled sample at various temperatures. X-ray powder diffraction data from commercial and produced samples were analyzed by the Rietveld method using a pseudo-Voigt function. Different assumptions including size and strain anisotropy were tried to improve pattern fitting. An anisotropic strain broadening, modeled using Stephens' approximation, yielded the best fit, thus indicating that strain anisotropy is the main source of the departure from a smooth function of line broadening as a function of 2θ observed in all samples.


The minimal controller synthesis (MCS) adaptive controller is applied to the problem of energy efficient digital control of a hydraulic system. This problem has previously received little attention and the purpose of this paper is to show initial simulations of an adaptive controller approach to an electro-hydraulic system. Experimental studies using the Bathfp package show that despite inherent nonlinearities in the system, the MCS algorithm performs well following major plant parameter changes.


Breast cancer (BC) is the most diagnosed cancer in women, contributing to 24.6% of malignancies in females and responsible for 15% of all cancer-related deaths among women worldwide.[1] Over the last 20 years, BC survival rates have significantly improved.[1] However, this survivorship is often marked by fatigue, poor quality of life (QoL), reduced functional capacity along with treatment-related adverse effects.[2] The implementation of a model similar to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program as a preventive strategy may provide a potential solution to improve functional capacity, quality of life and reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in cancer survivors.[3]

 to investigate the effect of 12-week completed cardiac rehabilitation program on quality of life (using FACT-B questionnaire) and 6-minute walk test in breast cancer survivors.

 In this 2-arm parallel prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial, sixty breast cancer survivors 3 months to 1 year after completion of chemotherapy were recruited at Ain Shams University hospitals and divided into two groups Study group (n = 30); participated in 12-week CR program and Control group (n = 30) did not participate in CR program but still received the usual cancer care. Cardiac rehabilitation program consisted of education, diet control, drug adherence, 12 weeks exercise sessions, Behavior and psychosocial management, Sexual activity education Smoking cessation. Functional capacity was assessed before and after study period by sixminute walk test (6MWT) and exercise test (using modified Bruce protocol). All patients were personally interviewed for assessment of quality of life before and after study period using (FACT-B) questionnaire. In addition patients underwent echocardiography assessment before and after study period.

 Sixty female breast cancer survivors were enrolled. Nine patients dropped from CR program, some due to social commitments (n = 2), others due to long distance issues (n = 2), and the remaining were not interested in continuing the program (n = 5). There were no significant differences between the two groups regarding age, baseline BMI, hemoglobin (Hb) levels, medical history, chemotherapy protocol, and radiation. When comparing two groups, the study group showed significant increase in age-predicted 6MWD (p = 0.02), ET (p < 0.001), METs (p < 0.001), QoL score (p < 0.001), along with significant decrease in SBP (p < 0.001), HR (p < 0.001), RPP (p < 0.001).

 The results of this study demonstrated that completed cardiac rehabilitation program improves functional capacity and quality of life in breast cancer survivors.

 We recommend that multicomponent supervised cardiac rehabilitation program should be incorporated within the usual care of breast cancer survivor


Two effective factors contained in medium "conditioned" with a large number of cultured cells were separated through Sephadex G‐25 gel, by assaying the plating efficiency and growth rate of chicken embryonic cells in secondary culture. The first factor, which is contained in the heavy molecular weight fraction α, can promote plating efficiency of the inoculated cells at low density. The second is contained in the light molecular weight fraction β, and promotes the growth rate of sparsely cultured cells. The effects of these factors upon the aggregation kinetics of singly isolated cells were studied. The factor in the fraction α promotes aggregation to result in fast flocculation. The factor in the fraction β, while not effective by itself, affects the aggregation of the cells treated with the factor in α. In the co‐presence of both α and β, a "lag" was found after the initial fast flocculation. The possible mechanisms of the interaction of these two factors on the cell surface are discussed.


While accurate measurement of wind power accommodation capacity is the foundation of wind power planning, power grid operation and dispatching scheduling. Based on the summary of existing wind power accommodated capacity evaluation methods, this paper presents a new method for evaluating wind power accommodated capacity. This method using the theory of production simulation, through 365 days of the starting balance and hourly power balance, reasonable arrangements for pumped storage operation mode, counted whole year accommodated wind power of electricity. Using this method of calculating whole year accommodated wind power of electricity number change in situation of different wind power installed capacity. It can determine a reasonable wind power of installed capacity. This method compared to conventional methods, can greatly improve the accuracy of the ability of wind power accepted, and can be flexibly applied to calculated wind power accommodated capacity in variety of economic performance indicators. Through practical example on a certain province's grid of the Northeast power grid to verify the accuracy of the new method, it has guiding means to power planning and improving wind power accommodated capacity.


Cemented subsurface layers restrict root growth in many southeastern USA Coastal Plain soils. Though cementa- tion is usually reduced by tillage, soil amendments can offer a more permanent solution if they develop aggregation. To increase aggre- gation, we amended 450 g of a Norfolk soil blend of 90% E horizon (the hard layer) and 10% Ap horizon with 0 or 6.44 g kg -1 ground wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue and 0, 30, or 120 mg kg -1 polyacrylamide (PAM, 12 x 10 6 Da anionic, linear, and 35% charge density). During a 60-d incubation, parameters measured included water added to maintain 10% soil moisture, soil strength, bulk density, and aggregation. Data were analyzed using a cost-benefit approach with normalized fuzzy logic indicators. Analyses inclu- ded building normalized decision matrices, calculating weighting vectors, ranking alternatives, and defining the best alternatives. When only physical parameters were analyzed using fuzzy logic indicators, addition of wheat residue with 30 mg kg -1 PAM proved to be the best alternative whereas wheat residue with 120 mg kg -1 PAM had been selected as the best alternative with analysis of va- riance because it did not simultaneously analyze all variables. When both physical and economic parameters were included, the best alternative was the treatment with wheat residue and 120 mg kg -1 PAM. When using fuzzy logic, judgment of the user was


I HAVE given the name otomicroscopy to the inspection of the ear in the living subject with ten to fifty times magnification. Owing to the great progress of microscopy with supercadent light it was possible to construct a simple ear microscope which can be used for clinical purposes and in routine practice. Thereby the handling of the new ear microscope is no more difficult and is done in the same way as ordinary otoscopy. Whereas the ordinary lenses allow one to distinguish objects of about o-i mm., the otomicroscope increases the visibility to o*oi mm. and in this way the dimensions from o-i to o-oi mm. are gained for the examination on the living. For ten years I have systematically worked on otomicroscopy and from my University Hospital and my private practice I have collected considerable material. I shall give a summary of the main points. Soon it became obvious that otomicroscopy is just as important in practice as it is for scientific work. The strong magnification secures a clearer and more characteristic picture than ordinary otoscopy. What for the ordinary lens is at the limit of visibility attains considerable size and becomes quite unmistakable. The control of the ordinary otoscopic pictures with the ear microscope shows that deceptions are not as rare as one is led to believe. In such cases it is clear that only a strong magnification would prevent important diagnostic mistakes. Besides, the ear microscope brings a good many details to one's attention which by ordinary otoscopy cannot be seen at all and are only known to us, if at all, from histological preparations. In spite of the fact that otomicroscopy is still in its infancy diagnosis has already gained considerable progress and many differential diagnostic difficulties are solved in a simple way.


These two volumes provide a source critical analysis of the Gospels of Matthew and Luke indicating in both Greek and English the material that is shared with Mark, materials shared by Matthew and Luke, and material unique to each of these Gospels. Variations are also indicated within shared material.


. We present results from IUE and optical spectra, optical photometry and circular polarimetry during high and low states of the highly luminous soft X-ray cataclysmic variable AR UMa that identifies the primary in this system as a white dwarf with a magnetic field of 230 MG. The high magnetic field likely threads accretion blobs all the way from the secondary to below the surface of the white dwarf, resulting in a lack of polarised cyclotron emission and an extreme soft-X-ray luminosity during the high state.


In this article, I.M. Maisky's involvement in the elaboration of a joint USSR and Great Britain position concerning Iran in the summer of 1941 is considered, based on his memoirs, diaries and correspondence.


Most of the NIR spectrometers available are not suited for on line measurements in slaughterhouses. The aim of the study was to test the ability of a device dedicated to industrial measurement (NitFom, Frontmatec) for prediction of drip loss and ultimate pH. A calibration model fitting was satisfactory (drip loss, R2=0.59 and pHu, R2=0.70) and the prediction accuracy levels for drip loss were similar to calibration results found with the Labspec4, a laboratory Vis-NIR spectrometer (NitFom, rmsecv=1.5% and Labspec4, 1.7%). This study revealed that prediction of drip loss by NIRS could be a good alternative to measurement of ultimate pH for drip loss sorting.


Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite which is a major cause of bovine abortions worldwide and an important agent that induces neonatal mortality in cattle, sheep, goats, deer and horses in many countries.N. caninum antibodies in bovine blood can be demonstrated by serological assays such as the indirect ˚� uorescent antibody test (IFAT), direct agglutination test, or enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The present study was done to determine the prevalence of antibodies toN. caninum in eight dual purpose cattle farms in Tucacas region, Falcon state, Venezuela. The prevalence ofN. caninum in the ELISA was 20.6%. There was no signi˚� cant differences (P>0.05) by breed effect inBos taurus (25.9%) andBos taurus xBos indicus crosses (18.9%). The seropositivity animals included 36 of 152 (23.7%) adult cows, 8 of 53 (15.1%) heifers, and 0 of 8 (0.0%) calves. The association between seropositivity and age was no signi˚� cant differences (P>0.05). No crossreactivity was found betweenN. caninum antigens for the ELISA andT. gondii antigens for the hemaglutination inhibition test in sera of cattle with natural infection.


Abstract. The duration and amount of analgesics required were investigated in 67 patients with myocardial infarction treated with intravenous recombinant tissue‐type plasminogen activator (rtPA) or placebo in a randomized double‐blind trial. Infusion of rtPA (100 mg)/placebo was started within 5 h after the onset of symptoms, and the requirement for analgesics during the following 48 h was recorded. Sixty‐seven per cent of the 30 rtPA‐treated patients required analgesic treatment for less than 6 h, compared to 38% of the 37 patients in the placebo group (P = 0.04). During the study period, patients in the rtPA group used the equivalent of 5.3 mg (median value) intravenous morphine, which was significantly less than the 11.2 mg used in the placebo group (P = 0.04). In conclusion, the present study suggests that early thrombolysis with intravenous rtPA reduces the amount and duration of analgesic treatment required by patients with myocardial infarction.


The main-line lane-change (LC) and ramp LC are critical factors which decrease the mobility and safety of the transportation system. Connected Vehicle Technologies (CVTs) bring promising foundations for both types of LC to improve the traffic efficiency and reduce the crash risks by using real-time communication and systematic operation. Based on an 5G communication architecture, this paper proposes a novel CVT-based cooperative LC method which can be used for advanced traffic management to enhance the transport service. In the proposed approach, several Roadside Units (RSUs) are set up on the main-line of a highway to communicate with and manage connected client vehicles (CVs) for traffic flow smoothing. A mathematical model is developed to address the systematic maneuver of vehicles' LC in the connected vehicle environment (CVE), and its solution algorithm is also proposed. In order to assess the proposed method, a simulation test-bed is developed using VISSIM COM, and a typical highway network is employed as the study case. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed method can increase 20.7% of traffic capacity in a two-lane highway. And when it is applied in dense traffic environment, it can reduce more than 90% of travel delay, more than 75% of maximum queue length, and more than 10% of fuel consumption and gas emission. Moreover, sensitivity analysis shows that the market penetration of CVT is a key factor that affects the result of CVT-based cooperative LC.


Raman spectra of two well-defined types of koritnigite crystals from the Jachymov ore district, Czech Republic, were recorded and interpreted. No substantial differences were observed between both crystal types. Observed Raman bands were attributed to the (AsO3OH)2- stretching and bending vibrations, stretching and bending vibrations of water molecules and hydroxyl ions. Non-interpreted Raman spectra of koritnigite from the RRUFF database, and published infrared spectra of cobaltkoritnigite were used for comparison. The O-H...O hydrogen bond lengths in the crystal structure of koritnigite were inferred from the Raman spectra and compared with those derived from the X-ray single crystal refinement. The presence of (AsO3OH)2- units in the crystal structure of koritnigite was proved from the Raman spectra which supports the conclusions of the X-ray structure analysis.


Manning's roughness coefficient is one of the input parameters in many surface irrigation simulation models. It affects the velocity of flow and thereby its variation with time and distance along the field length influence water application. In this study, variation of Manning's roughness coefficient was studied for a furrow plot consisting of three 40 m long free drained furrows of parabolic shape and having a top width of 0.30 m, a depth of 0.15 m and a slope of 0.5%. The irrigation experiments were carried out with the inflow rates of 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 L  s1 ; and 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 L  s−1 under bare; and cropped field conditions, respectively. Furrow cross-section data were collected before each irrigation event at 0.5, 13, 26 and 39.5 m from the head end along the center furrow using a profilometer. During the irrigation event, water depth and velocity of flow were measured at these locations at an interval of 15 min using point gauge and color dye, respectively. The furrow cross-sectio...


The design of 2-dimensional equivalent model for claw-pole type generator is presented in this paper. On the basis of 3D geometry, 2D equivalent model is designed and 2D FEA is performed. Comparing to other analysis method for claw-pole type machine, such as 3D FEA and MEC, presented method can be more practically used and directly applied to industry. Flux distribution in the air-gap and flux density at rotor and stator are verified by 3D FEA, and no-load back EMFs for field input voltages are verified by measurement


In this paper new results are derived for the computation of D-optimal randomized input designs to identify unknown parameters in linear systems with process noise and in non-linear and distributed parameter systems without process noise. The Kiefer-Wolfowitz experimental design approach that was extended earlier by the author to frequency-domain synthesis of optimal inputs is generalized here to the computation of optimal probability measures on the space of time-domain inputs. Both discrete-time and continuous-time systems are considered and algorithms converging to the global optima are given. Extensions to other criteria and bounds for suboptimal designs are also derived.


Interference in the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) seriously affects user experience and threatens the accuracy and reliability of satellite navigation. After identifying the received interference, specific anti-interference measures can be taken by the type of interference signal to avoid and suppress interference to the greatest extent. In this paper, support vector machine (SVM) is used to recognize the interference signal of GNSS. Aiming at the problem of premature convergence and insufficient population diversity when using genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize SVM classifiers, a method of crossover and mutation probability that change with population diversity is proposed. The simulation results show that the improvement of GA can significantly increase the population diversity, and can jump out of the local optimum. When jamming-to-noise ratio is −3dB, the recognition rate of improved GA-SVM reaches up to 93.34%, which is higher than that of unimproved GA-SVM and quantum particle swarm optimization-support vector machine (QPSO-SVM).


The overall quality of college-level education in water resources planning and engineering is high based on the qualifications of recent graduate engineers seeking employment in consulting engineering work. Certain deficiences in water resources education background still exist which, if alleviated, would reduce the time spent by consultants for training. The writers, engineers in the Water Resources Division of an international consulting firm specializing in the development of land, water, and power resources, provide a summary of the qualities looked for in hiring recent graduates, highlight specific areas where educational improvement is desirable, and provide suggestions for improving the educational experience to the benefit of both the student and the prospective employer.


The Return of the Leviathan: Re-centralization
Policy in Russia since 2000
During a television appearance on September 13,2004,
Russian president Vladimir Putin announced a series of political reforms
including the cancellation of elections for representatives of the executive
branch of government in the regions of the Russian Federation. This return
to the appointment of governors concludes the re-centralization policy initiated in 2000, in response to the spontaneous regionalization process of the
1990s, which had proved difficult to control. What are the sources of this recentralization policy, and the principles and fundamental interests behind it?
How have these factors influenced its evolution and its effects? How important is this re-centralization process in Russian political development, and
what are its prospects today? To answer these questions, we re-examine the
regionalization process of the 1990s. Next, we consider what ideologies and
interests were driving Russian political protagonists during the recentralization process that followed, as well as their influence upon the course of
federal reform, which we can describe as 'new centralism' (as opposed to
Soviet-style 'old centralism'). Finally, we analyze the implementation of this
new policy and its effects on the process of State reform.


Shopping complex is a collection of spaces that offer different types of services to the public including selling and buying of daily needs. A shopping complex is expected to possess adequate parking facilities in order to ease the movement of its occupants and increase the productivity of the staff, thereby ensuring conducive shopping activities. On the other hand, the parking structures comprise one of the largest land uses in modern cities which make them functionally inefficient. Conventional parking method is one of the most difficult barriers to achieve sustainability. So, a great attention is being paid upon the creation of smaller, high-density, low-energy and more eco-friendly parking facilities. Due to the incessant growth of shopping complexes in and around Minna metropolis, there seems to be not only inadequate parking facilities around such shopping complexes. But, the facilities also follow unsustainable development approaches which results in inefficient usage and wastage of the energy. These inadequate parking facilities make users to park their vehicles indiscriminately which in turn causes discomfort and accidents while moving in and around the perimeter of the complexes. Moreover, other pressing issues include the lack of greenery and the use of non-permeable paving which resulted in unsustainable solutions in the creation of an environmental-friendly area. In this background, the current research article evaluates the parking facilities within the complexes from a sustainability point of perspective. The aim of the research is to develop practical solutions for better applications. For this purpose, the data was collected through personal observations in order to analyze the parking facilities in the shopping complexes located in the study area. The results infer that there is a lack of law enforcement by the professionals in the built environment in terms of implementing the planning standards and building laws for sustainable development. Conclusions and recommendations are made in this paper for the architect and other allied professionals to design the shopping complexes with an emphasis on parking spaces. Both design and planning of the parking spaces should be given adequate consideration by the approval body in Minna prior to the approval of any shopping complex.


The article discusses prospects for use of the theory of adaptogens in demand in medicine and in the fish breeding practice. The obtained results show that the adaptogens use at the early stages of catfish ontogenesis (Clarias Gariepinus, Burchell 1822) can cause the condition of nonspecific increased resistance and expand the adaptive flexibility range of this specie. Adaptogen trekrezan used in our experiments (Oxyethylammonium methylphenoxiacetate) is a synthetic analogue of the natural ginseng. Its application in the embryo culture process has shown positive results. It has reduced the level of the developmental anomaly, increased the first stage larvae hatching and their viability, significantly decreased the mortality rate and reduced the level of cannibalism common for catfish larvae. We have determined that the larvae breeding in the trekrezan medium has considerably increased their growth rate, and weight gain. The obtained results are new, and the adaptogens use at the early stages of ontogenesis in industrial catfish aquaculture is recommended. The Russian Foundation for Basic Research has supported our study with the grant No. 18-416-730005.


The hydro-alcoholic extract of Boerhaavia diffusa of leaves was investigated for evaluation of exhibited anxiolytic activity in rats at a dose 100 and 200 mg/kg by p.o. route for elevated plus maze test, hole-board test, haloperidol induced catalepsy and ketamine induced sleep method. Results of in vivo activity lead to the conclusion that the hydro-alcoholic of B. diffusashowed predominantly significant activity which is compared to the standard drug, diazepam (0.5 mg/kg).

 Key words: Boerhaavia diffusa, anxiolytic activity, diazepam, haloperidol, hydro-alcoholic extract, ketamine, sleep.


In this work, raw sunflower seed shell particles (RSSSP) as a green adsorbent were used to remove disperse red 1 (DR1), crystal violet (CV), and malachite green (MG), and methylene blue (MB) dyes from synthetic wastewater. Various analyzes, including fourier transform infrared, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, were performed, which determined the morphology, particle size, surface area, and pore size of RSSSP. The effect of environmental factors on the adsorption ability of the RSSSP was investigated in detail. The results of this study showed that RSSSP has high adsorption efficiency toward organic dyes, and was comparable with other natural and synthetic adsorbents. The results showed that Freundlich isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order models describe the adsorption of the dye onto RSSSP. Additionally, the maximum adsorption capacity of DR1, CV, MG, and MB onto RSSSP was found to be 85, 81, 120, and 98 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process of the studied dyes was exothermic. In addition, the RSSSP can be used in several adsorption–desorption cycles. The calculated efficiency for textile wastewater based on the COD test is 90% using RSSSP. Finally, the RSSSP could be used as an efficient low‐cost adsorbent for the adsorption of industrial dyes from wastewater.


The article proposes a new perspective on the issues of development of the system of specially protected natural areas (SPNAs) in the context of the concept of sustainable development. The authors suggest ways of finding a balance of economic, environmental and social interests in SPNAs, which will not lead to a decrease in their number or area, however, prevent a number of economic and social problems. The change in approaches to the management of the system of SPNAs including in terms of their creation, modification of their boundaries or termination of their operation will allow including SPNAs in the system of social economic relations of regions and certain countries, provide an opportunity to withdraw from the current one-sided bias solely in favor of environmental factors. This will ensure the necessary balance of the interests of the local population, business and protection of nature.


Literature regarding the ''hidden diet'' is hard to find even with robust search methods. I learned about the phenomena as an intern in general medicine on the gastrointestinal/liver service. In those days, patients could stay in the hospital a lot longer than in today's compressed admission and discharge tempos. As an intern, my purpose in life was, first, to do no harm, and second, to review and to prepare the laboratory data for the attending professor to review on a daily basis. The medical students, interns, and senior residents were perplexed about a persistently high potassium level in a male patient. We, of course, consulted the ''book of lists,'' whichwas repletewith causes of hyperkalemia. My most important task was to monitor the potassium levels, monitor the well-known complications such as cardiac dysrhythmias, and give sorbitol and furosemide to remove the excessive potassium. One early morning while making rounds, the attending physician happened to be leaning against the patient's window sill and felt something behind the curtain that caused him to open it. There, he discovered to everyone's surprise 2 shakers of salt substitutes! Low-salt preparations contain high levels of potassium salts. Certain comorbid factors preclude the use of potassiumbecause of the type of patients who are at risk for wounds who have impaired ability to excrete potassium normally because of renal failure, congestive heart failure, and diabetes.


Locusts and grasshoppers are one of the most dangerous agricultural pests. Environmentally benign microbial pesticides are increasingly desirable for controlling locust outbreaks in fragile ecosystems. Here we use metagenomic sequencing to profile the rich viral communities in 34 grasshopper species and report 322 viruses, including 202 novel species. Most of the identified viruses are related to other insect viruses and some are targeted by antiviral RNAi pathway, indicating they infect grasshoppers. Some plant/fungi/vertebrate associated viruses are also abundant in our samples. Our analysis of relationships between host and virus phylogenies suggests that the composition of viromes is closely allied with host evolution, and there is significant phylogenetic relatedness between grasshoppers and viruses from Lispiviridae, Partitiviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Virgaviridae and Flaviviridae. Overall, this study is a thorough exploration of viruses in grasshoppers and provide an essential evolutionary and ecological context for host-virus interaction in Acridoidea. Author Summary Locusts are the most destructive migratory pest in the world and continue to cause massive damages that endanger food security and threaten millions of people in 21st century. While chemical pesticides are still heavily relied on, biological pesticides developed from natural pathogens offer a reliable, less harmful alternative for controlling locust outbreaks in fragile ecosystems. Unfortunately, little is known about natural pathogens infecting this pest. In this study, we profile the viral communities in 34 grasshopper species include some major swarming species. While we identified as many as 202 novel viral species associated with grasshoppers, some of them are of potential to be developed as biocontrol agents. Our analysis of relatedness of phylogenies of grasshoppers and associated viruses helps to shed light on the eco-evolutionary interactions between insects and viruses. This work provides a valuable dataset of both academic and applied interest.


Background:  To provide a score to predict the risk of early mortality after single craniocerebral gunshot wound (GSW) based on three clinical parameters.


An important goal in nano science is to unlock previously inaccessible physics and dynamics within nanoscale systems by combining the efficient nanoscale field confinement/optical resolution (∼10 nm) of optical antennae and the ultrafast temporal resolution (fs) inherent in optical studies with the capabilities of modern scanning probe techniques. Here we report on a significant step toward this goal using a novel nanofabricated coaxial antenna tip capable of recording useful Raman spectra in ∼50 ms to acquire 256 by 256 pixel images on dielectric substrates with a full spectrum at each pixel.


iii LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF FIGURES AND GRAPHS xi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1 Coping with the Effects of 9/11 4 Coping with Hispanic WTC Responders 4 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 8 Definition of Terms 8 Psychological Effects of Disaster 12 Psychological Effects of Disaster on First Responders 13 Western Concepts of Exposure to Traumatic Events 15 Theoretical Literature 17 Study Theoretical Framework 22 Review of Empirical Literature on Culture and Coping 23 Resilience 31 Central Research Question 33 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 35 Sample 35 Sampling Strategy 37 Human Subjects Protection 39 Variables and Instrumentation 40 Data Analyses 47 Data Analysis Plan 47 CHAPTER 4: DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SAMPLE 55 WTC Health Program Membership 55 Trajectories Study Sample 55 Web-Based Survey Study Sample 60 Hispanic WTC Responders 64 CHAPTER 5: DIFFERENCES IN COPING AMONG WTC RESPONDERS 78 Coping among WTC Responders by Race/Ethnicity 78 Coping in WTC Responders while Controlling for Covariates 80 Coping among Hispanic WTC Responders 93


We show that automata theory can be useful for engineering, developing and documenting multiagent systems. Algorithmization and programming principles for logic control are formulated, regarding algorithms and programs as finite automata.


At present, GOCI satellite is the only means to monitor the drift of sea ice in a wide range. The high temporal resolution makes it fit for monitoring Marine phenomenon and process in time series. It improves the possibility of obtaining a high quality image in a short period of time. GOCI satellite is with great applied potentiality and value. In order to use the information of GOCI satellite image effectively, Harris algorithm and SIFT algorithm are combined to extract the feature points of image of sea ice and match images. Extraction of drift direction and speed of sea ice of the Huanghai and Bohai Sea is realized in this paper.


This paper develops exponential type upper bounds for scaled occupation measures of si perturbed Markov chains in discrete time. By cons idering two-time scale in the Markov chain asymptotic analysis is carried out. The cases of the fast changing transition probability ma irreducible and that are divisible into l ergodic classes are examined first; the upper bounds sequence of scaled occupation measures are derived . Then extensions to Markov chains involvin transient states and/or nonhomogene ous transition probab ilities are dealt with. The results enable u to further our understanding of the underlying Markov chains and related dynamic systems, w essential for solving many control and optimization problems.  2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


Only a few studies deal with electrocardiographic (ECG) signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with primary hyperaldosteronism, although it may be presumed that many factors such as arterial hypertension, hypokalemia, increased blood volume, and decreased activity of the renin‐angiotensin system can modify LVH pattern in this entity. For that reason, we evaluated ECG signs of LVH in 55 patients with primary hyperaldosteronism hospitalized in our department from 1971 to 1990. These data were compared with age, serum potassium level, plasma renin activity (PRA) and—in 14 patients—with left ventricular mass, measured echocardiographically.


A neonate protection method and a neonate protection system. The neonate protection method comprises: establishing an association relationship between a neonate and the mother of the neonate (101); separately positioning the neonate and the mother of the neonate, so as to acquire a current position of the neonate and a current position of the mother of the neonate (102); determining whether the distance between the neonate and the mother of the neonate exceeds a preset threshold according to the acquired current position of the neonate and the acquired current position of the mother of the neonate (103); and if is determined that the distance between the neonate and the mother of the neonate exceeds the preset threshold, outputting an alarm signal (104). The method and the system can enhance protection of a neonate.


Over the last half-century, our society's increased reliance on petroleum as a source of energy has led to a parallel increase in the amount of oil transported by pipeline, land, air, and sea. It has also brought about an increased need for storage in containers both above and below ground. Oil spills resulting from accidental groundings or collisions of ocean-going tankers are well publicized due to their magnitude, but smaller scale spills and leaks from other sources of transport and storage occur much more frequently. The ability to contain the spills and clean up the aftermath has dramatically improved since the ill-conceived treatment of the 1967 Torrey Canyon spill off the coast of England (Laws 1993), yet there is still much to learn.


In his article on concussion in youth hockey," Johnson writes that "Crosby has a lot of company in the NHL [National Hockey League], where the number of concussions doubled in the 2010/11 season,"[1][1] citing a reference to [www.nhl.com][2].[2][3] This is in error.

The cited article does not


manner. He has facts to back up what he says. Furthermore, he is entitled to his opinion as an individual. You should not be prejudiced toward him." The next speaker is a young man with an intense, intellectual manner. His voice is sympathetic, but not overly-emotional. "I am a researcher attached to the Unemployment Bureau. It is my job to keep files on the unemployed and to institute re-education programs for those people whose jobs have been absorbed by automation. The greatest part of the unemployed fall into this category. Many of them haven't the education necessary to take advantage of re-education programs. There is nothing, or almost nothing, they can clo except live out their lives on Unemployment Compensation and their wives' earnings while this nation slowly turns into an army of automatons. They call this progress, to take bread out of people's mouths. I say clo away with machines and give men their jobs back. Get riel of those cold, mechanical boIt buckets and rehumanize this world! Let's not turn into a race of robots. Let's. . ." The man is interrupted by the ominous flashings of the lights. The largest computer furiously projects obscenities on its screen. It buzzes incoherently, and one can see that all five machines are trembling. Finally, coherent sentences appear on the screen which read, "You have not been given permission to speak! Sit down! People, close your ears to this man. He obviously is simply raving. Nothing he says is logical. He is a dangerous subversive! Don't listen to him." The people fearfully repeat the epithet to one another. One can hear the undercurrent of fear as the voices grow louder and angrier, and the crowd advances on the researcher. In the background is a quiet hum like a hive of secure, contented bees.


We study by an exact method the infrared multiphoton dissociation of a rotationless diatomic molecule and calculate the fragment relative momentum distribution as a function of the laser intensity and frequency, using either a square or smoothly varying pulse shape. The distribution has peaks due to multiphoton transitions. The nature of the peak structure depends on the laser intensity and whether the laser frequency is comparable to (i.e., within 20%) the ν=0 to ν=1 transition frequency (ω10) of the diatomic: If it is the distribution has bands spaced by the photon energy which contain peaks due to transitions from many bound states; if the laser frequency is not comparable to ω10, the distribution consists of isolated peaks spaced by the photon energy, which result from multiphoton transitions from the ground vibrational state. Changing the pulse shape from smoothly varying to square adds additional structure to the distributions. At sufficiently high intensities (1015 W/cm2) the high momentum peaks in...


We consider the dynamical behavior of horizontal alignments of elastic grains placed within confining walls and placed under a constant acceleration that is applied at one end of the system. We show that these systems vibrate under such a compressive force. Certain universal properties of this vibration are mentioned. These systems may be useful in designing devices for filtering out mechanical noise.


Peer counseling is a way to learn how to care for and help other teenagers and then apply what you've learned in real life. The purpose of this study is to see how peer counseling affects the social interaction of students in class XI IPA 5 MAN 3 Medan. This study employs a quasiexperimental design. The sample consists of 36 MAN 3 Medan students. The distribution of questionnaires was used as a data collection technique. Various tests are used to analyze data. The results revealed that: There was an effect of peer counseling on the social interaction of class XI IPA 5 MAN 3 Medan students, as calculated by the price tcount ttable = (14.66 > 1.688). As a result, peer counseling to improve intrapersonal means and all social interactions is regarded as worthy of being used as a BK that can be tailored to conditions, schools, and student problems. Adolescents/students are expected to be able to meet their needs and overcome problems they encounter, particularly problems with themselves, namely social interaction, through peer counseling.


General Editor's introduction Introduction: George Padmore, the man at the centre 1. 'Misery laid bare' 2. 'Generals without an army' 3. Writing while the bombs fall 4. 'A constant stream' 5. Strategist, publicist 6. Acts of betrayal 7. Their own histories Sources Index


The commercial larvae culture of the mangrove oyster, Crassostrea rhizophorae, has been the focus of studies in private and governmental institutions, once it can provide a trustful supply of seeds. The present study was developed in order to stablish the growth conditions for C. rhizophorae larvae. The main factors for larvae growth and survival were analyzed: temperature, salinity, larvae density, use of antibiotics and amount of food. Bacteria infections are probably the major problem to be considered in the larvae culture of the species. The absense of antibiotics caused total mortality in all cultures. High temperature values collaborates to bacteria development and low temperature reduces larvae growth rate. The best temperature tested was 25°C. C. rhizophorae larvae are better adapted to salinity between 25 and 30%o. High larvae density proved to be harmful for the cultures. Densities between 5 and 15 larvae/ml are recommended for the beginning of the cultures. The larvae culture of C. rhizophorae is technically viable, but studies on the economic feasibility should be also considered.


To improve the efficiency of routing and broadcast and reducing energy consumption in the process of data transmission, calculating minimum connected dominating set is always used to construct virtual backbone network in wireless sensor networks. Calculating the minimum connected dominating set (MCDS)  of plane graphs is a NP-complete problem. In this paper, an algorithm leveraging 1-hop neighborhood knowledge for connected dominating set  is proposed. First, the minimum forwarding set is calculated severally by each node in the entire network. Then any one node can start the process of broadcasting messages including the information of minimum forwarding set in the network. Finally, the connected dominating set of the entire network is achieved by exchanging information. The proposed algorithm aims to get  a small connected dominating set, meanwhile, to minimize the consumption of energy and time. The simulation results  show that the algorithm has achieved its purpose with fast convergence, low transmission traffic and reasonable size of connected dominating set.


The excitation spectrum of the density collective oscillations is computed for multi-component molecular mixtures both with Coulomb and (repulsive) short-range interactions. Distinct sound-like excitations appear, governed by the short-range interaction, which differ from the ordinary hydrodynamic sound. The dielectric function and the structure factor are also calculated. The "two-sounds phenomenon" can be understood by means of the predictions of this model.


The scattering of He and Ne atoms from a cleaved (001) surface of NaF has been studied at different surface temperatures and incident beam energies. The geometric peak shape expected for the beam detector arrangement was compared to the experimentally observed peaks under different conditions of surface temperature and incident energy. The (00) peak height was followed as a function of surface temperature for two values of the incident momentum, in order to extract some information about the role of the attractive part of the interaction potential during a collision. Finally, the peak heights of several diffraction peaks were determined as a function of the incident energy. Several minima were observed in the scattering pattern, which can be associated with bound state resonances and which have been the subject of considerable interest recently. In this case, several maxima were found which can also be associated with bound state resonances. The (00) peak, observed in the scattering of Ne atoms, also show...


Freshly stocked with members, the Sentencing Commission has the opportunity to push federal sentencing in the right direction. The Commission should press Congress to abolish mandatory minimum sentencing laws. Such provisions prevent judges from imposing individualized sentences, transfer authority from neutral judges to partisan prosecutors, and generate racial and economic disparities, with no particular crime control benefits. While bipartisan support for sentencing reform appears to be growing, "law enforcement lobby" (comprised of prosecutors, prison guards, and police unions) poses a substantial obstacle to significant change. Prosecutors often resist changes that would reduce their bargaining power and corrections officials and others with a stake in prison expansion often support mandatory sentencing laws. The Commission should use its influence to serve as a counterweight to this lobby, recommending changes to Congress that promote individualized sentencing. The Commission should also address the issue by holding hearings around the country and by working with community groups, scholars, and other interested parties. Such actions are entirely consistent with the Commission's statutory mission and have the potential to make a real difference in improving the fairness, effectiveness, and efficiency of our criminal justice system. What is needed is a full court press.


A railway station might not seem an obvious subject as a geological locality. Yet with ease of access (just catch a train), the geology of the building stones of a railway station offers certain advantages in the age of inaccessible quarries, and tiresome health and safety paperwork. Hammers can be left at home, and eyes, hand lenses, cameras and compass‐clinometers may all be applied for non‐destructive investigation.


Using graph theory to analyse the architecture of the human brain, the connectome, has gained increasing interest in the last decade. In this work we extend graph measures, which have previously been developed for other applications, to include prior medical information. These extended measures are then evaluated on a collective of Autism Spectrum Disorder patients. Examining their performance in comparison to other traditionally used measures we show, that they are a valuable new tool in the analysis of the human connectome. We then further evaluate their performance over a range of network densities in order to determine the range at which they supply the most valuable information.
 By doing an in depth evaluation of these measures we aim to reduce the amount of guesswork in choosing variables in the analysis of the connectome and help to improve the comparability of different studies.


The use of rare metals in increasing along with the growth of the Fourth industrials revolution and new energy industries, and the recycling of rare metals becomes more important as the used of rare metals increase. In this paper, the domestic and international quality standards of tin metal, one of the rare metals, and the performance test of recycled tin were investigated. As a results of the performance test, it was analyzed that there is no difference in performance between the natural and recycled tin.


Dear Readers, I hope you have endured the hot summer weather. Well, this has given you more opportunity to read our magazine! Just because you stay inside the cooling zones, this may leave much more spectrum underutilized in some outdoor areas. If the idling licensed spectra can be opportunistically utilized by others, we could enrich people?s lives by using the unused spectrum resource for other good cause; for example, we might gather more data with better communications systems to resolve the recent oil spill problem in the Gulf!


This research is a follow-up from a research by Asiyah in 2013. Previous research is entitled with Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) Empowerment Model as The Effort for Poverty Eradication in Malang Raya. Three main problems are identified in Malang Raya MSME, respectively capital problem, marketing problem and human resource problem. Dealing with these problems, therefore, the empowerment model for MSME in Malang Raya is proposed. Result of that research indicates that weakness and failure of MSME empowerment program in the past has provided a stepped stone among the participants of FGD (Focused Group Discussion) to suggest a more integrative MSME empowerment model. It is expected that this model will be applied in better way and on-target. MSME empowerment program suggested by the authors is considered by FGD participants as a reliable solution to integrate all elements of the empowerment program into a coordination structure to help the implementation of the program. Other problem is how to keep MSME empowerment model compatible with local potentials. The compatibility of MSME empowerment model and local potentials is estimated based on four aspects of human resource quality, which are theoretical competence, technical competence, conceptual co mpetence, and moral competence. The considered local potentials include natural resource potential, human resource potential, and cultural resource potential. Workshop in campus held by the authors has produced a consensus that all indicators in the theore tical and conceptual competences and all indicators of moral competence are given greater emphasis. In term of local potentials, those given great focus are all indicators of natural resource potential and some indicators in human resource potential. The indicators of technical competence and moral competence, along with indicators of cultural resource potential, are the supplementing factor for achieving the goal. The authors suggest that these indicators are reflecting the persistent effort to produce mea ningful and useful change to meet the fundamental demand in the community. Therefore, such activities or programs shall be needed because the government has moral responsibility to deliver the welfare for the peoples, mainly those in rural.


This product is part of the RAND Education working paper series. RAND working papers are intended to share researchers' latest findings and to solicit informal peer review. They have been approved for circulation by RAND Education but have not been formally edited or peer reviewed. Unless otherwise indicated, working papers can be quoted and cited without permission of the author, provided the source is clearly referred to as a working paper. RAND's publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. is a registered trademark. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. 3 Introduction No Child Left Behind (NCLB) mandates certain basic requirements and holds states, districts, and schools accountable for meeting them. States must adopt content standards; administer assessments in certain subjects and grades to measure student progress toward meeting those standards; and employ only highly qualified teachers to teach those standards. These are the basic requirements upon which states, districts, and schools are to be held accountable. This paper is one in the symposium " Implementing Standards-Based Accountability: Results from Classrooms, Schools, and Districts in Three States " and details findings from RAND's Implementing Standards-Based Accountability (ISBA) study regarding the implementation of these requirements, with a focus on mathematics and science, in California, Georgia, and Pennsylvania. Background While NCLB raised the accountability stakes for states, districts, schools, its focus on standards and assessments is not new. In 1989, the nation's governors issued a call for " world-class " standards to guide educational practice, in response to the poor time, state policymakers have steadily moved toward standards-based accountability (SBA) systems that emphasize explicit content and performance standards, systematic standardized testing, and consequences for results. The National Research Council (1999, pp. 2–3) described the rationale for such a system: The centerpiece of the system is a set of challenging standards. By setting these standards for all students, states would hold high expectations for performance; these expectations would be the same regardless of students' backgrounds or where they attended school. Aligned assessments to the standards would allow students, parents, and teachers to monitor student performance against the standards. Providing flexibility to schools would permit them to make the instructional and 4 structural changes needed for their students to reach the standards. And holding schools accountable for …


a factual and historiographical setting for the rest of the book but is at times marred by out-of-date hawkish denunciations of revisionists and a confused and contradictory discussion of statistics on the gulag population. The primary focus is on the experiences of the returnees as they came back into "free" society. With the use of a series of interesting vignettes, mainly about intellectuals imprisoned in the camps, and official legislation, Adler explores the conditions faced by the returnees over the years. She documents the various ways in which the returnees attempted to cope with "readaptation" and presents interesting information on and from "Compassion," the medical arm of Memorial. She shows the discrimination that the returnees faced in work, housing, and other areas of life. She also reviews the official legislation on and implementation of the "rights and privileges" of returnees, painting a surprisingly "revisionist" portrait of an inept bureaucracy, center-periphery conflicts, and the rather fundamental problems of allowing the same bureaucrats who put these individuals in the camps to continue to handle their fate afterwards. In general, she notes, the system could not adapt to die returnees because the system itself was "maladaptive" (15). Throughout, Adler convincingly argues diat an entire segment of society was stigmatized by the status of gulag survivor.


Then call them to our presence. Face to face, And frowning brow to brow, ourselves will hear The accuser and the accused freely speak.'


Abstract The central bank's action on bank liquidity implies the action on the amount of currency issued by the central bank that banks can acquire in their mutual relationships, and on its price, which is the action on the interest rate. In order to respond to banks' treasury needs, the central bank acts on the money market through restrictions on refinancing options and handling reserve requirements. The paper aims to investigate the extent to which the NBR's money tool system influences the mass and quality of credit granted by banks in the Romanian banking system. The monetary policy strategy adopted by the NBR had a strong influence on the macroeconomic variables of Romania


Introduction: The Endoscopic Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP) technique is efficient but requires experience, learning curve and relevant endoscopic skills. There are several devices available for HoLEP technique training, but Human Cadaver (HC) has never been tested in this purpose. The aim of this study was to evaluate the realism and the feasibility of the HoLEP in a HC. Material and Methods: Fresh male HC were chosen at the anatomy laboratory and were prepared for a three-lobe HoLEP technique. The HC were placed in the lithotomy position with knees extended. The surgical interventions were performed by fellow surgeons supervised by expert surgeons. The model and the surgical intervention were globally evaluated after each procedure. The fellows were asked about the realism and the quality of each step of the surgery. Results: Sixteen HC were operated by 21 fellow surgeons. The endoscopic anatomical landmarks were well-preserved in all subjects. The absence of bleeding facilitated the vision of the operative field. Endoscope and instruments movements into the prostatic urethra were not modified by the cadaveric rigidity. Prostatic enucleation and intravesical morcellation were able to be fully performed without bladder injury. Conclusion: This study has shown that the human cadaver could be used as a training model for the HoLEP technique and could become part of the educational arsenal.


Renewable energy sources (RESs) offer a promising prospect for covering the fundamental needs of electricity for remote and isolated regions. To serve the customers with high power quality and reliability, design optimization methodology and a possible power management strategy (PMS) for wind-diesel-battery-converter hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is proposed in this paper. The analysis is applied to a real case study of a standalone residential load located in a remote rural area in Pakistan. Firstly, optimal component sizing is investigated according to actual meteorological and load profile data. Different hybrid configurations are modeled, analyzed, and compared in terms of their technical, economic and environmental metrics with the aid of HOMER® software. The main objective is to determine the most feasible and cost-effective solution with least life-cycle cost, keeping in view the impact of carbon emissions. Secondly, a suitable PMS based on the state of charge (SOC) of the battery is proposed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink® software for the designed HRES. The PMS is targeted to maintain load balance and extract maximum wind power while keeping the battery SOC within the safe range. Model predictive control (MPC) approach is applied to improve the output voltage profile and reduce the total harmonic distortion (THD). The boost converter is used for maximum power extraction from the wind. The DC-DC buck-boost battery controller is utilized to stabilize the DC bus voltage. The design optimization results show that the hybridization of wind, battery, and converter presents optimal configuration plan with minimum values of total net present cost (14,846 $) and cost of energy (0.309 $/kWh), which means 76.7% reduction in both total system cost and energy cost and 100% saving in harmful emissions when compared to the base case using diesel generator. The proposed system is able to support hundred percent of the load demand with excess energy of 30.1%. Performance analysis of PMS under variable load and fluctuating wind power generation is tested, and promising results with efficient load voltage profile is observed. Further, THD is reduced significantly to 0.26% as compared to 2.62% when the conventional PI controller is used. The output of this work is expected to open a new horizon for researchers, system planners for efficient design and utilization of HRES to curb drastic increase in load demand for urban as well as rural areas.


In the present article, a novel emotional complexity marker is proposed for classification of discrete emotions induced by affective video film clips. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is applied to full-band specific phase space trajectory matrix (PSTM) extracted from short emotional EEG segment of 6 s, then the first principal component is used to measure the level of local neuronal complexity. As well, Phase Locking Value (PLV) between right and left hemispheres is estimated for in order to observe the superiority of local neuronal complexity estimation to regional neuro-cortical connectivity measurements in clustering nine discrete emotions (fear, anger, happiness, sadness, amusement, surprise, excitement, calmness, disgust) by using Long-Short-Term-Memory Networks as deep learning applications. In tests, two groups (healthy females and males aged between 22 and 33 years old) are classified with the accuracy levels of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{68.52}{\%}$</tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{79.36}{\%}$</tex-math></inline-formula> through the proposed emotional complexity markers and and connectivity levels in terms of PLV in amusement. The groups are found to be statistically different (<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$p\ll 0.5$</tex-math></inline-formula>) in amusement with respect to both metrics, even if gender difference does not lead to different neuro-cortical functions in any of the other discrete emotional states. The high deep learning classification accuracy of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{98.00}{\%}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is commonly obtained for discrimination of positive emotions from negative emotions through the proposed new complexity markers. Besides, considerable useful classification performance is obtained in discriminating mixed emotions from each other through full-band connectivity features. The results reveal that emotion formation is mostly influenced by individual experiences rather than gender. In detail, local neuronal complexity is mostly sensitive to the affective valance rating, while regional neuro-cortical connectivity levels are mostly sensitive to the affective arousal ratings.


According to the analysis on the present situation of human resources, this paper points out that there′re some problems existing in developing and utilizing human resources and also makes some suggestions about these problems.


This chapter brings empirical evidence of employers' attitude in Croatia and Slovenia toward older workers in order to propose appropriate policy to keep older workers in the labour force and to encourage employers to take forward-looking approach and to start facilitating better and longer working lives.


Discourse exchange is comprehension activities between the speaker and the listener,involving the understanding of the complex discourse context.People started mainly from a static point of view to study the context,the context is considered as the scene on the current moment.However,The context should be a dynamic process in the constantly changing environments.Since the 1980s,many linguists have begun the studies from the static context to the dynamic context,from the types,parameters and variables of the context to the structure model.M.Berry's polite collabrative model,O'Donnell context constraints model,T.Winograd's transition network model,and the flowchart model of E.Ventola,are making the construction of dynamic context model more and more refined.


Flame-retardant of melamine polyphosphate was synthesized from melamine and polyphosphate as raw materials,the yield was 90.4 %.The structure and performance of product was characterized by IR and DSC.The influence of molar ratio,reaction time and solvent on synthesis process was studied.The results show that the optimum reaction conditions are as follows:n(melamine) ∶n(polyphosphate)=3 ∶1,reaction time 16 h,acetic acid as solvent.


Thermoacoustic devices that generate sound with frequencies in the near ultrasonic range (∼21 kHz) have been developed. These devices consist of a wave resonator that is 4.1 mm in length, with hot and cold heat exchangers made of copper mesh placed at the resonator's midpoint. Between these is sandwiched a stainless steel stack; the working fluid is air at 1 atmosphere. Heat is injected to the hot heat exchanger, creating a temperature gradient across the stack. When this exceeds a critical temperature gradient, acoustic oscillations ensue with intensities over 140 dB. The performance of a given engine depends drastically on the alignment achieved in the assembly process. Due to this variability, temperature differences at onset ranged from 85°C to 180°C. In order to increase positive feedback in the systems, single engines were coupled to a resonant cavity, the end of which was fitted with a pressure transducer. The use of a cavity also provides an acoustic coupling mechanism in which two ultrasonic engi...


As a new open-source smart mobile phone platform, Android has become one of the popular cell phone systems. Many users like to watch Video by a mobile phone, but the original media player in Android has many limits. For example, the media formats supported are few and the decode efficiency is fair. First, the paper designs a new media player system structure based on hiberarchy. Then, the paper designs the decode module based on FFmpeg decode library and the display module based on SDL. At last, the paper describes the implementation of the new media player in Android.


1. The effects of porcine endothelin‐1 (10‐12‐5 × 10‐10mol/kg) on arterial blood pressure (BP) and the renal, mesenteric and carotid blood flow (BF), and the effects of endothelin‐1 antibody were studied in rabbits.


The article is devoted to topical issues of legal regulation of science parks in Ukraine and the world. The study examined the essence of the concept of science park and the genesis of the development of legislation on the activities of science parks. The peculiarities of the types of science parks have been studied. The issue of regulating the activities of the science park as a subject of legal relations is detailed. The general tendencies of the international legal regulation of activity of science parks are defined. The author came to the conclusion that science parks have proven their effectiveness and efficiency in the development, implementation and dissemination of modern innovative technologies, have played a significant role in raising the level of science in Ukraine, as well as in training highly qualified scientists. However, starting in the mid-2000s, almost all indicators of technology parks began to decline sharply. The main reason lies in the state's non-compliance with the law and its constant change, the termination of state support in the form of benefits and reduction of the tax burden, blocking of innovative projects and the actual lack of budget funding for science.


Artificial sweeteners are generally sweeter than sucrose,
but apart from it their calories number is minimal
and they have a lot of negative effects.
A survey of 120 respondents at different age and different
education level, was conducted to evaluate the
population awareness in Pelagonia, Republic of Macedonia.
The questions were divided into four groups.
The first set of questions was whether and how often
they have used artificial sweeteners, while the second
was why and when have they used them. The third set
of questions was to explain sweeteners' influence on
human health and for the fourth set of questions were
related to answers how familiar with them were them.
The number of questions is different for each group.
Correlation between respondents with secondary and
higher education was performed by Pearson's correlation
coefficient, for the major issues of each group.
The correlation of the first group was r = 0.9897433,
the correlation of the second group was r = 0.9878291,
for the third group it was r = 0.8788561 and the correlation
for the fourth group was r = 0.99915.
This survey showed that the respondents who obtained
secondary and higher education were not sufficiently
informed about artificial sweeteners, which
indicates the need for additional training about the
usage and the properties of artificial sweeteners.
Key words: Artificial sweeteners, Survey, Respondents.


This paper proves that the supply and demand curves of the loanable fund market have their role interchanged. The supply curve has negative slope, while the demand curve positive. Since impatience is not measurable, Fisher's theory of interest, which is the basis of the loanable fund theory, provides a weak, if not wrong, foundation. A measureable theory is then proposed as an alternative.


Signal processing plays a significant role in building any condition monitoring system. Many types of signals can be used for condition monitoring of machines, such as vibration signals, as in this research; and processing these signals in an appropriate way is crucial in extracting the most salient features related to different fault types. A number of signal processing techniques can fulfil this purpose, and the nature of the captured signal is a significant factor in the selection of the appropriate technique. This chapter starts with a discussion of the proposed robot condition monitoring algorithm. Then, a consideration of the signal processing techniques which can be applied in condition monitoring is carried out to identify their advantages and disadvantages, from which the time-domain and discrete wavelet transform signal analysis are selected.


The present work deals with the post strengthening of concrete slabs and the numerical calculation of their load carrying behavior. The used strengthening materials are Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) which are of increasing interest in civil engineering applications, i.e. textile reinforced concrete tubes, cables of cable-stayed bridges or even entire bridges. In this work, the used FRPs consist of carbon fibers in an epoxy-matrix or glass fibers in a vinylester-matrix. The reinforced polymers were applied in different ways to concrete slabs; the strengthened structures have been tested to failure. Afterwards, nonlinear finite element analyses are performed gaining more information about modeling and prediction of the structural response of strengthened construction.


To ensure the normally operation of broadcasting studios,retrofitting old air handling unit plant rooms is made.Air-cooling refrigeration units are installed in the plant rooms,while evaporators being placed inside the old air handling units.These measures satisfy all the year round the cooling requirement of broadcasting studios.


Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have been used widely in the ICT systems to detect malicious behaviors in network communications and hosts. Facing new application scenarios in Cloud computing, a new revolutionized computing paradigm, the recent IDS approach yields several problems which stem from the distributed and complicated manner of Cloud computing. To overcome these issues, collaboration among Cloud providers (CPs) is a solution to achieve benefits by collecting knowledge and information from the Cloud peers and more accurate intrusion detection. Instead of sharing intrusion data which raises the privacy concern of participants, we propose a knowledge-based Intrusion Detection network which is constructed with sharing intrusion knowledge among security systems of Cloud peers. We also present an optimized problem in this model and their solutions. Finally, several simulations are implemented to evaluate the efficiency of our model in optimization overheads and the ability to detect intrusions.


Melanoma that produces melanin pigment that gives your skin its colour. Melanoma can be successfully treated if it is detected early. Melanomas can develop anywhere in your body. They most often develop in areas that have had exposure to the sun. Melanomas can also occur in areas that don't receive much sun exposure, such as the soles of your feet, palms of your hands and fingernail beds. These hidden melanomas are more common in people with darker skin. Thus, we presented an intelligent system for classification of skin cancer into melanoma and nevus. It is observed that major problem that causes the misclassification is lesion detection and segmentation. The K-mean clustering technique using centroid selection is used to extract the ROI from the cancer image more accurately and efficiently. Textural and colour features extraction techniques are best suited features for classification. For textural features, GLCM and LBP features are combined with colour features to achieve a high classification accuracy of 90%. In this way, our proposed technique has been able to classify skin cancer images into melanoma and nevus more accurately and efficiently. The effectiveness and performance of the proposed approach are validated on DERMIS image dataset


Photograph by Roger Stalley. The crucifixion plaque once housed at Fertagh and now relocated to a niche in front of Johnstown Roman Catholic Chapel.


On 3 April 2014, the administrative court in Lyon delivered a judgment which, beyond its local consequences, �threatens the entire system of aid to the cinema from the regions�, according to the President of the Rhone-Alpes Region. In the present case, a member of the Regional Council applied to the administrative court for cancellation of the Council�s decision renewing for 2011-2015 the Region�s subsidy to Rhone-Alpes Cinema; its co-production structure. It is the leading regional structure providing aid to the cinema in France, with a catalogue of 220 titles including Tony Gatlif�s latest film, �Geronimo�, presented this year in competition at the Cannes Festival. In application of the convention approved by the contested deliberation, the Rhones-Alpes Region is paying a subsidy of 2 million EUR to Rhone-Alpes Cinema to be invested in films, as well as an additional contribution from the Centre national de la cinematographie et de l'image animee (National Centre of Cinematography - CNC) of a global annual amount of one million euros. In support of its application, the complainant claimed in particular that since the subsidy constituted State aid as construed by European Union law, the disputed deliberation disregarded the rules governing economic aid arising out the EU Treaty which are incorporated in the General Code on Local Authorities.


With the advent of digitization, recent years have witnessed a surge toward collective undertaking of production process different from traditional ways of organizing. In this vein, crowdsourcing has lent itself into a successful emerging mode of organizing and firms are increasingly using it in their value creation activities. However, despite popularity in practice, crowdsourcing has received little attention from IS scholars. Specifically, what the determinants of success in this model are remains an unexplored area of research that we strive to address in this paper. We focus on software development via crowdsourcing and drawing on studies from IS success, OSS and software development, we build a model of success that has three determinants: the characteristics of the project, the composition of the crowd and the relationship among key players. Finally, we describe our research methodology and conclude with potential contributions of our work.


The utility model discloses a multi-shaft hybrid vehicle. The multi-shaft hybrid vehicle aims to achieve the purposes that the vehicle is driven by a high-efficiency motor in the starting process, the motor can supply power to the vehicle when large torque is needed, and meanwhile the functions of brake energy recovery and the like are achieved. According to the vehicle, two sets of power systems are additionally arranged without changing a traditional vehicle power system; one set of power system is composed of an engine, a clutch, a transmission, a universal joint, a transmission shaft, a differential mechanism, a first drive axle and the like; the other set of power system is composed of a motor, a battery, a differential mechanism, a second drive axle and the like. According to the arrangement structure of all axles of the hybrid vehicle, a plate spring intersection type balance suspension scheme is adopted for the first drive axle and the second drive axle, when a four-shaft arrangement scheme is adopted, an A-shaped trailing arm beam type rigid axle suspension is adopted for a last shaft, and the suspension is designed to have a follow-up steering function; finally all suspensions are reasonably arranged in a limited longitudinal space, the bearing capacity and power performance of the whole vehicle are enhanced, the functions of saving energy and reducing emission are achieved, meanwhile the operation stability is improved, and wear to tires is lowered.


On the basis of instruction to failure analysis, prediction and prevention, and the related definition and conception, the characteristics and properties, the role and the evolutive trend of failure, failure analysis, prediction and prevention are illustrated in this paper.The relationships between failure analysis, prediction, prevention and the related subjects,business are also discussed.


We consider open dynamical systems, subject to external interventions by agents that are not completely described by the theory (classical or quantal). These interventions are localized in regions that are relatively spacelike. Under these circumstances, no relativistic transformation law exists which relates the descriptions of the physical system by observers in relative motion. Still, physical laws are the same in all Lorentz frames.


The paper presents a digital implementation of the adaptive Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm. The algorithm was chosen due to its robustness and simplicity. The envisaged application is the identification of an unknown system. The implementation was done in two steps: first the algorithm is checked using a model in Matlab Simulink and then the Verilog code is written and tested. The results prove the theory that while the error converges to a minimum value, the output and the desired signal are comparable in shape and values. The application enables further developments and researches, creating an opportunity for automation and prediction.