It is well established that sea surface temperature (SST) plays a significant role in the hydrologic cycle in which precipitation is the most important part. In this study, the influence of SST on Indian subdivisional monthly rainfall is investigated. Both spatial and temporal influences are investigated. The most influencing regions of sea surface are identified for different subdivisions and for different overlapping seasons in the year. The relative importance of SST, land surface temperature (LST) and ocean–land temperature contrast (OLTC) and their variation from subdivision to subdivision and from season to season are also studied. It is observed that LST does not show much similarity with rainfall series, but, in general, OLTC shows relatively higher influence in the pre‐monsoon and early monsoon periods, whereas SST plays a more important role in late‐ and post‐monsoon periods. The influence of OLTC is seen to be mostly confined to the Indian Ocean region, whereas the effect of SST indicates the climatic teleconnection between Indian regional rainfall and climate indices in Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Of Eliade's major novel, The Forbidden Forest, reviewers variously said it "explains nothing," "proceeds by apparently disconnected flashbacks," has a main character who seeks to "recapture the secret experience of totality," and characters who "seek an escape from the network of historical events and from destructive time." In The Old Man and the Bureaucrats, only one-fourth its size, and with but one major character, the same characteristics appear, but this novel is in a lighter vein. It can be read as a satire on the totalitarian state, a mystery story, or perhaps even an allegory—of Eliade's own efforts to find coherence in the proliferation of religious expressions which he has devoted his life to, or even of the efforts of Eliade's interpreters to detect the hermeneutic at work in his interpretation of religious myth and symbol. The principal character, a retired school teacher, is picked up by Romanian authorities for questioning, apparently only because he has sought out a local party official, once his former pupil. His answers to their interrogations take the form of tales in the manner of A Thousand and One Nights: he insists on relating a sometimes two-century background for persons about whom he is asked. The mysterious in the tales abounds: persons disappear, underground caves glow with light, a playful giantess wears out her reluctant shepherd lovers, time is relativized. The old man promises his bureaucratic-captors clarity and coherence if they will only listen as he painstakingly expounds the whole of the story they are asking about; for the bureaucrats, coherence apparently lies in discovering the secret they believe the old man is hiding. An allegory of modern methodologies? Apart from these Eliadian themes, there is little for the critic to assess: the tales unwind as tales do, the bureaucratic satire is engagingly subtle, characters are appropriately presented without clues to background or motivation. The reader is left to supply them, part of the pleasure of reading the novel. In the Journal of Religions (April 1979) Matei Calinescu assessed The Forbidden Forest as an early example of a literary phenomenon called "magic realism," characterized by a recognizable point of departure in which discontinuities or gaps appear, the unity of character is disrupted and there are shifts of identity and multiplications and dispersions of the self. Calinescu's analysis fits well even this much shorter work. But Eliade differs from the genre as a whole in that his work does not involve a rejection of the past, but an effort to understand it by bringing it into a "mythical present." The affinity between Eliade's insights into religious phenomena and this literary perspective on reality will no doubt receive serious attention in the evaluation of Eliade's work.


There have been at least two booksl.2 written about Dr. John Gibbon, Jr., who worked with IBM to develop a heart-lung machine and performed a successful operation with that machine about a year after Dodrill's first successful operation. Gibbon probably never performed another successful heart operation with his machine. There have been many articles and at least one book3 written about Dr. C. Walton Lillehei, a heart surgery pioneer at the University of Minnesota, who started performing open heart operations on children using the parent or another adult as the "heartlung" machine in early 1954. There have been numerous articles written about Dr. John W. Kirklin who established an open heart surgery program at the Mayo Clinic in 1955 using a modified version of Gibbon's heart-lung Perhaps the most has been written about Dr. Christiaan Barnard from Capetown, South Africa, who performed the first successful human heart transplant in 1967, but was not a participant in the initial pioneering work with heart-lung machines. Almost nothing, however, has been written about Dodrill and his historic accomplishment! Incidentally, his colleagues referred to him as 'Dewey,' a birth name given to him honoring US. Navy Admiral George Dewey, the hero of the 1898 Battle of Manila Bay. A typical comment from an "old-timer" at Harper University Hospital, remembering Dodrill, would be, "As I recall, Dewey only did that one successful heart opera-


Although employer costs for employee compensation differ between the public sector ($25.73 per hour worked) and the private sector ($17.49 per hour worked), the proportions allocated to employee benefits are roughly comparable: 30 percent for public sector employees and 28 percent for private sector employees. Pensions made up 7.4 percent of the total benefits package in the public sector and 3.1 percent in the private sector. The dollar cost differential between sectors reflects differences in the work activities and occupations in each sector. The public and private sectors also differ in the incidence of employer-provided benefits. In 199394, for example, the incidence of paid sick leave, medical and dental care, and life insurance was much higher among public sector employees than among private sector employees. In the private sector, however, the incidence of benefits for paid holidays and vacations was higher. Differences in the provision of retirement benefits between the public and private sectors has received much attention. The focus has often been the differential between benefit amounts, without considering the factors underlying these differences. This article uses data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Employee Benefits Survey (EBS) to make a detailed comparison of public and private pensions. Comparisons are made between fulltime workers in State and local governments and those in medium and large private establishments (those employing 100 workers or more). These establishments are comparable in size to most State and local governments.


Objective To explore clinicl effects of pulmonary surfactant in treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome by cricothyroid membrane puncture with 24 G needle combided with nasal continuous positive pressure ventilation(NCPAP) to neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS).Methods Eighty cases of NRDS were randomly divided into TNP groups(PS adminstration by Tracheal intubation) and CNP groups(PS adminstration by cricothyroid membrane puncture).PS(100 mg/kg) and NCPAP were both used in two groups.Results There is no significant difference between two groups,and the cure rate were both over 90%.Conclusion The PS application by cricothyroid membrane puncture has same clinic efficiency with that by tracheal intubation.


The implementation of street lighting throughout the world varies greatly on road networks particularly at grade separate interchanges. The safety benefit of street lighting on grade separated interchange ramps was analysed to determine the effect of street lighting on
interchange exit and entry ramps be it positive or negative.

Interchange ramps along the Sydney to Newcastle M1 were inspected to determine the current lighting layout and classified as complete interchange lighting (CIL), partial interchange lighting (PIL) or no lighting. The crash data along each ramp were analysed to determine any relationships. The independent variables included natural lighting, crash type, crash severity, weather conditions and other contributing factors. The analysis was used to determine whether additional or less lighting may have prevented accidents or was not related to safety
outcomes.

Nine interchanges along the Sydney to Newcastle M1 were selected in the study with 419 crashes recorded and analysed in diverge and merge areas. There was a 50% split of accidents occurring on exit and entry ramps, with 66% of all accidents occurring during the day. Exit
ramps have the most crashes at night with 32% of crashes on exit ramps occurring at night.

Lighting exit ramps was found to reduce the number of accidents occurring and saw a 200% and 52% reduction in fatality and injury accidents respectively compared to unlit exit ramps, a cost benefit of 3.2 was determined indicating that lighting exit ramps is a reasonable and
economical safety measure. The results for interchange entry ramps and providing street lighting in the merge area indicate that the safety benefit from street lighting was minimal.


Abstract In an IS world characterized by high stress and low unemployment, IS executives must not only secure scarce talent but also ensure that staffing patterns optimally meet corporate and IT goals. the staffing model presented here offers a new way of looking at IS culture, bringing IS in tandem with the strategic direction of the organization, and fostering ongoing, global assessment of overall IS performance.


Radio-frequency simulation system is a key part of electronic countermeasure simulation system.Near-field effect,amplitude/phase drift of attenuator and phase shifter,cost variance of each channel in radio-frequency transfer and mechanical error in antenna mounting are four main factors that have effect on accuracy of the radio-frequency target simulation system.To minimize the error introduced in guidance loop in simulation experiment,we studied the causes of near-field effect and the duality orientation equation.By modeling and simulation,we analyzed the factors that have effect on target locating accuracy,and put forward a compensation method.Considering the practical application feature of attenuator and phase shifter,we analyzed the influence of amplitude error and phase error on accuracy of target locating,and put forward a method for compensating the amplitude/phase error. We also studied the causes of mechanical error in antenna mounting,and presented a compensation method.A summary is presented in the end.


Dc and ac high voltages have been generated by "air core" transformers dating back to Tesla [1] and Abramyan [2]. At North Star Power Engineering (NSPE), we have used "air core" transformers to build both dc accelerators [3] and dc power supplies. Recently we developed a technique to efficiently "relay" or transfer magnetic flux through a series of coils in which the coils are not in any way physically connected with one another. The coils are arranged so that each couples strongly to many of its neighbors and each has its own resonating capacitor. For these reasons we have named it a Multiple Coupled Resonator (MCR). The MCR concept lends itself to a variety of applications due to its unique nature including power transfer, high voltage ac and high voltage dc. The first application of this technique is the production of dc high voltage in an air at 150 kV and in SF6 at 200 kV and 10 mA. A design for a 600 kV version of this supply, which is applicable to irradiation, ion acceleration, capacitor bank charging, and a variety of other applications, has been developed. We believe that this technology will find application in power supplies operating from 100s of kV up to several MeV and kilowatts of output power.


Oxidation of p-nitrosophenol by 15N-labelled nitric acid in 34% sulphuric acid (4.4 M) did not produce labelled p-nitrophenol, thereby showing the nitrodenitrosation scheme of Bazanova and Stotskii to be untenable; furthermore, the order of the oxidation in nitric acid is 0.67, not 1, as reported by earlier workers.


This thesis discusses the specific effects of single sourcing methodologies on the role of the technical communicator, his or her job responsibilities, qualifications, collaboration with coworkers, employee and employer expectations, and the effects on career progression. The methodologies discussed included all types of single sourcing methods for technical documentation (such as XML-based), advanced and non-advanced Content Management Systems (CMS), and Digital Asset Management (DAM) systems. Other topics explored are an overview of single sourcing for technical documentation, a comparison of the "craftsman model" to the current trend of single sourcing and structured content, specific effects on technical communicators such as role changes, the effects of incorporating XML into a technical communicator's daily work environment, and the effects of other emerging technologies such as advanced CMS and DAM systems on technical communicators. General findings include that the practice of single sourcing, whether a positive or negative development, has continued and likely will continue to increase in technical communication groups within organizations. Single sourcing, especially for dynamic, customized content is also increasing because of the current marketplace, but works best via the use of a CMS and other systems used by large organizations. Single sourcing is also best implemented after extensive strategic planning and training of employees. Many technical communicators will have to accept new roles and positions, the direction of which is greatly impacted by the extent of their skills.


Template" and "adder" proteins can be genetically encoded to produce large amyloid fibers when mixed together. Escherichia coli is used to clone a "template" protein, Gd20, which will cooperatively self-assemble with two "adder" proteins, P7Q and P7S, to yield two different large amyloid fibers. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to image the fibers and AFM tip approach/retraction force is used to quantify molecular packing in the fibers. Glutamine (Q)-containing P7Q and serine (S)-containing P7S both have the same hydrophobic core, charge, and hydrogen bonding potential. However, P7Q is highly α-helical while P7S contains a β-sheet core. After 72 hours, the Gd20:P7Q template:adder protein mixture produces tightly packed ~0.3 μm high and ~1.9 μm wide fibers that exhibit a low retraction force of ~44 nN after indentation. The Gd20:P7S mixture produces larger ~1.1 μm high and ~9.7 μm wide fibers exhibiting a much higher retraction force of ~503 nN showing they are much less molecularly packed. These results indicate that the adder protein α-helical character is important for selfassembly and molecular packing inside of the large amyloid fiber. The experimental results show that large amyloid fibers with predictable size and mechanical properties can be anticipated and encoded at the genetic level.


rumination, mental fogginess, disperceptions, and hyperactivity (overarousal) characterize the psychiatric manifestations of histadelia, a type of schizophrenia. The nonpsychiatric clinical features of histadelia include: increased salivation, elevated metabolic rate, allergic symptoms, frequent headaches, diminished pain threshold, heightened sexual responsiveness (a greater ability to achieve orgasm), and strong cravings for sugar. Increased basophils (greater than 50 cells/mm) and elevated blood histamine levels (greater than 70 ng/ ml) confirm the diagnosis of histadelia. The goal of orthomolecular treatment for this disorder is to restore blood histamine levels to normal. This can be achieved through dietary modifications (low protein and high fruit/vegetable diet), a combination of various nutrients (calcium, methionine, zinc, and manganese), and sometimes the drug phenytoin (Dilantin). A low protein diet reduces the amount of ingested L-histidine, which is a precursor to histamine. Calcium helps mobilize bodily stores of histamine, and also might increase histamine catabolism. Methionine lowers blood histamine by reacting with histamine to form N-methylhistamine, an inert methylated ring structure. Zinc and manganese replenish possible deficiencies, and phenytoin negates the compulsive behaviors and depression. It has been proposed that the histadelic patient does not respond "to the classical meganutrient (B3, vitamin C) therapy." This lack of response is confusing considering that thousands of schizophrenic patients have benefited from taking megadoses of vitamins B3 and C. If 20% of all schizophrenics are thought to have histadelia, it is possible that favorable therapeutic responses to vitamins B3 and C have occurred among many histadelic patients. The therapeutic potential of vitamins B3 and C in the treatment of histadelia is clear given the biochemical functions of these vitamins.


Disclosed is an RNA strand stabilization method which enables the supply of an RNA sample for the purpose of demonstrating a reaction such as RT-PCR. Specifically disclosed are: an RNA strand storage solution which comprises an RNA strand to be stored and single-stranded RNA capable of stabilizing an RNA strand (or /and 0.1 to 2.5 μM of an aurine tricarboxylic acid salt); a process for producing an RNA strand solution; a method for stabilizing an RNA strand; a kit containing an RNA strand solution; a process for producing a DNA strand using an RNA strand that is to be stored in an RNA strand storage solution; a method for measuring the expression level of RNA using an RNA strand that is to be stored in an RNA strand storage solution as an RNA sample to be measured on the expression level; and others.


OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between insulin resistance(IR) and metabolic syndrome(MS) and its components in Korean-Chinese and Han nationality residents in countryside of Yanbian.METHODS 7 836 cases of permanent residents in countryside of Yanbian were selected by chester sampling and simple random sampling to perform the inventory survey.The relevant data for this study were collected by family visit and health physical examination,including the general information,past history and family history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases,etc,and anthropometric indices(height,weight,waist and hip circumference) and blood pressure.In addition,the biochemistry indexes of insulin,serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) and blood glucose were measured from early morning venous blood after 12h fasting.RESULTS The risks of suffering from the overall obesity,central obesity,hypertriglyceridemia,low HDL-C,hypertension,hyperglycemia and MS in Korean-Chinese(except low HDL-C) and Han nationality were significantly higher in IR group than in non-IR group(P0.01),and the partial correlate analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between IR and overall obesity,central obesity,hypertriglyceridemia,low HDL-C,hypertension,hyperglycemia and MS,the partial correlate coefficient was 0.161,0.137,0.125,0.120,0.074,0.422 and 0.196(P0.01).CONCLUSION The risks of suffering from the overall obesity,central obesity,hypertriglyceridemia,low HDL-C,hypertension,hyperglycemia and MS in different nationalities of countryside of Yanbian are significantly higher in IR group than in non-IR group.


A new method is presented for preparing highly monodispersed silica particles using a two-stage semibatch/batch hydrolysis reaction of Si(OC 2 H 5 ) 4 . The slower rate of hydrolysis of the tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) that occurred during the semibatch process resulted in larger silica particles with a higher yield and narrower size distribution. This was in direct contrast to the batch process. In addition, the ability of four different mixed processes to produce silica particles with good packing density, narrower particle-size distribution, and higher yield were evaluated. These were batch/batch (B-B), batch/semibatch (B-S), semibatch/batch (S-B), and semibatch/ semibatch (S-S) processes. The S-S system produced the largest particles with the highest yields. The size of the silica particles obtained by the S-B method decreased with increasing reaction time, while the particles obtained by the B-S process had the best particle-size distribution and packing density. In conclusion, a mixed batch/semibatch system was the best way to produce an extremely narrow particle-size distribution and a good packing density.


Application of recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and crushed bricks (CB) into pavement materials is an ideal waste management solution. By appropriate material design, the RCA and CB could be used in permeable concrete as the pavement base which meets the principle of 'sponge city'. This study aims to evaluate the performance of cement treated permeable concrete containing RCA and CB as the road base. Because of high-water absorption of RCA and CB leads to greater design deviations and resulted in leakage of cement slurry, the optimised volume method was used in mixture design. The compressive strength test, shrinkage test and water permeability test were performed. Results showed that the cement treated permeable concrete containing CB was an ideal fast-drying and low shrinkage due to drying material. Although CB had certain weakening effect on concrete strength, the strength of the permeable concrete was found acceptable according to the available specification. In addition, satisfied permeable performance was observed. It was recommended that concrete containing 15% of CB in weight (CB-15) was suitable to road base with moderate traffic level, and the concrete without CB (CB-0) to high traffic level, respectively. As the concept of environmental protection was being recognised by most countries in the world. This study suggested a potential direction for the large-scale application of RCA and CB.


The widespread of the Internet, broadband access networks, and information and communication technologies have contributed to lowering market barriers between countries, making it easier for businesses to make inroads into foreign markets. This is also true for the fashion industry, where trends and tastes keep on changing, and even though still a disadvantage, there is a growing number of consumers who are willing to purchase their clothes online from overseas without actually trying them on (Kim, 2009). In addition, popular and well-known global apparel and SPA brands expand their existing clothing lines into underwear by featuring more diverse styles, colors, and even functional products with a high level of fi t and comfort to increase their market shares and brand power in the A Comparison Study of Brassiere Preferences and Breast Perceptions among the Middle-aged and Older US Women Hyo Sook Kim, Ji Min Kim*, Susan P. Ashdown Department of Apparel Design, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea College of Human Ecology, Cornell University, USA International Journal of Human Ecology Vol.15, No.2, December 2014: 33-41 http://dx.doi.org/10.6115/ijhe.2014.15.2.33 Original Article ISSN 1598-9593


In this paper we analyze a time-reversal experiment in a random waveguide. We use asymptotic analysis based on a separation of scales technique. We derive an infinite-dimensional coupled power equation that we analyze in the high-frequency regime. We use this approximation to compute the transverse profile of the refocused field and show that randomness enhances spatial refocusing beyond the diffraction limit; that is, the focal spot is smaller than the carrier wavelength over two. In this experiment the random heterogeneities, in the near-field region of the source, play a primary role.


Disclosed is a high strength to a mechanical properties equal to or this better than alloy wrought alloys good castability, cast aluminum alloy, and aluminum alloy castings with properties such as corrosion resistance, and It has an object to realize a method of manufacturing aluminum alloy castings. A Therefore, in weight percent, from about 4 to about 9% Zn, from about 1 to about 4% Mg, from about 1 to about 2.5% Cu, less than about 0.1% Si, about 0.12% less Fe, less than about 0.5% Mn, from about 0.01 to about 0.05% B, less than about 0.15% Ti, about 0.05 to about 0.2% Zr, about 0.1 to about 0 .5% Sc, each of a wide variety of elements or impurities 0.05% or less, the total of a wide variety of elements or impurities of 0.15% or less, characterized in that the balance of aluminum.


Aiming at the credit situation of China transport logistics enterprises and according to the chosen principle of enterprise credit evaluation indexes,the paper establishes a credit evaluation index system for transport logistics enterprises.


Steerable drilling technology has been successfully applied in Shengli Oilfield. Hundred millions RMB cost was saved from 300 wells. Steerable drilling technology made notable technical-economic benefit during drilling inclined section and horizontal section. During theoretic research and field practice, we researched the steerable drilling horizontal section, programmed the mechanical analysis software of steerable drilling assembly with Weighted Residuals Method, and studied the rotary drilling build-angle force. Finally, some valuable conclusions are obtained from theoretic research and field practice, and the paper presented some proposals on further improving the horizontal drilling ability of single-benthousing, single-stabilizer type steerable drilling assembly.


Bismuth‐doped iron garnets are promising materials for blue light magneto‐optic recording media. These materials have been deposited on glass substrates with bulk magnetic and magneto‐optic properties suitable for magneto‐optic recording. However, these films exhibit a very low carrier to noise ratio (CNR) when crystallized in conventional furnaces. The low CNR is due to the inability to write circular domains in these materials. Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) has been reported to produce films with a much finer grain size. We have confirmed by transmission electron microscopy that RTA does indeed reduce the grain size over an order of magnitude from films crystallized in a conventional furnace. Faraday microscopy has shown that films processed by RTA with smaller grain size (∼30 nm) support circular magnetic domains of much greater regularity than films crystallized in conventional furnaces. The improved regularity of static thermomagnetically written domains, in films crystallized by RTA, lends promise t...


In this paper, a novel curve reconstruction method based on A* algorithm from a set of dense scattered points was proposed. Our method can not only reconstruct dense scattered points with single connected complicated form, but also solve the problem building the curve from the scattered points with close form and multiply connected form. Moreover, the influence of noise points on reconstructed curves is farther decreased, and the shape of dense scattered points will be well hold. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed method has the feasibility and robustness.


ABSTRACT Energy companies and builders of energy transportation infrastructure find it difficult to evaluate Arctic natural gas development. Their business critical decisions require the assessment of not just technical risks but intangible issues regarding the future and past interactions of an energy system. These concerns call attention to the problem of time. In this article, I examine three types of time from which efforts to commercialise Alaska natural gas are drawn into the temporality of global energy markets: (1) volatility time, in which price spikes determine outcome; (2) government time, in which law and regulation assist in commercial enterprise, and; (3) entrepreneurial time, in which individuals of industry take initiative. These types of expectation in Alaska natural gas development correspond consequently to three methods for fixing time and space. In short, they are three development time-spaces or chronotopes. By offering these forms of time, taking place between 2000–2005, this article draws attention to concrete visualisations of constructing a pipeline to deliver natural gas from Alaska to continental United States. I argue that these efforts represent precise and well-marked steps and reflect a specific course of development, passing from self-confident ignorance, to self-reflective consultation and finally to genuine understanding.


The conjugate gradient technique is a numerical solution strategy for finding minimization in mathematics. We present a simple, straightforward, efficient, and resilient conjugate gradient technique in this study. To address the convergence difficulty and descent property, the new technique is built on the quadratic model. Under some assumptions, the new improved approach meets the convergence characteristics and the adequate descent criterion. The suggested unique strategy is substantially more efficient than the classic FR method, according to our numerical analysis. The number of function evaluations, iterations and restarts are all included in the numerical results. The computational efficiency of the proposed approach is proved by comparative results.


Auguste Salzmann published an extensive photographic record of Jerusalem in 1856 in the form of a three-volume book called Jerusalem . This publication has been characterized as an inadequate document, an imperialist narrative, and a forerunner of modernist aesthetics. This essay argues that this existential dimension of the photographic image is central to arriving at an adequate understanding of the context and objectives that resulted in the book Jerusalem . While this publication remains an important document in the history of western expansion and visual styles, the current essay draws attention to Salzmann's understanding of photography's ability to make its referent—Jerusalem—present again to those who view his photographs.


In this study, by using tungsten nanoparticles as filler and RTV silicon rubber (SR) as the matrix, thick flexible highly loaded composites were fabricated (up to 80 wt%). Interestingly, by incorporation of W particles in SR, the tensile strength of composites improved by average, e.g. 45% augmentation in 80 wt%. The young modulus was increased as well, e.g. from 0.38 MPa in the pure polymer to 1.10 MPa in 80 wt% composite. Experimental results showed that, the absorption of x-ray increases considerably by increasing tungsten proportion of samples. For example, the mass attenuation coefficient of 59.5 keV x-ray grows from 0.20 cm2 g−1 in the pure polymer to 2.32 cm2 g−1 in 80 wt%. Moreover, the attenuation process is simulated by a Monte Carlo code (MCNP4C) and the results compared with the experimental data as well as XCOM database. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental results, confirming homogeneous dispersion of the particles in the matrix. The preservation of flexibility, increase in tensile strength, and comparable mass attenuation relative to the lead-based attenuator, make these composite to be attractive for radiological protection, in particular when the photons have higher energy than the tungsten x-ray adsorption edged, i.e. 69.5 keV.


The Analysis modern with-standings and problems of the use GIS-technology in process of preparing the teacher to geographies and in study of the geographies in secondary school.


In attempting to achieve the main objective of the study, annual time series data from 1984 to 2016 are employed. This entails the period of both high and low commodity prices in the global markets. The scope seems sufficient to have holistic coverage of the effect of natural resource sector on poverty incidence. Accordingly, three natural resources indicators comprising non-oil rents (% of GDP), oil rents (% of GDP) and total natural resource rents (% of GDP) are used, while poverty headcount ratio at $1.90 a day (2011 PPP) (% of population) represents the poverty measure. This indicator of poverty has been identified as most appropriate for capturing poverty level in an economy. The analysis is conducted with the use of Dynamic Least Squares (DOLS), Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) and Canonical Cointegrating Regression (CCR), while the causal link is examined using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach.


Sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) is a simple lysophospholipid produced from the metabolism of sphingomyelin. Although originally thought as an intracellular second messenger, work over the past two decades has shown that S1P acts primarily as an extracellular lipid mediator. In addition, due to its central position in sphingolipid metabolism, it plays an important role in intracellular lipid homeostasis. Vertebrates evolved to use S1P as an extracellular mediator since their genomes contain S1P transporters and receptors. The first S1P receptor was cloned as an orphan G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) from vascular endothelial cells in 1990 and de‐orphaned in 1998. We now know that five distinct GPCRs (S1P1‐5) that are widely expressed mediate most of the actions of this lysophospholipid mediator. Some of the well‐studied actions of S1P include its essential roles in vascular development and immune cell trafficking. Inhibition of GPCR‐dependent S1P signaling results in therapeutic efficacy in the autoimmune disease of remitting, relapsing multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Indeed, the first S1P receptor inhibitory drug, Fingolimod, is now approved as an oral medication to treat RRMS in over 40 countries. This recent development has caused a flurry of activity to develop novel S1P receptor‐based therapeutics .


The range of classes of materials from which organic vapor sensors are made is briefly reviewed, together with a simple account of the way in which they function. The use of these sensors in the assessment of food quality is exemplified by reference to citrus fruit, fish freshness, and potato tubers. Mention is made of key work in the very recent developments in the nanotechnology of materials science relevant to chemical sensing and molecular recognition.


This paper considers an application-level multicast protocol, HBM, which can be used when native multicast routing is not available. Being purely end-to-end, application-level multicast proposals in general, and HBM in particular, are intrinsically more fragile than traditional routing solutions relying on well administered and dedicated routers. Improving their robustness is therefore of high practical importance and we believe it is a key aspect for the acceptance of the technology by end users who won't tolerate that a multi-participant video-conference session be subject to frequent cuts. In this work we identify two classes of problems that lead to packet losses, and for each class we introduce and compare several schemes. Experiments show that in both cases simple yet efficient solutions exist.


A high power pulsed electron beam system for annealing semiconductors is comprised of an electron gun having a heated cathode, control grid and focus ring for confining the pulsed beam of electrons to a predetermined area, and a curved drift tube. The drift tube and an annular Faraday shield between the focus ring and the drift tube are maintained at a high positive voltage with respect to the cathode to accelerate electrons passing through the focus ring, thereby eliminating space charge limitations on the emission of electrons from said gun. A coil surrounding the curved drift tube provides a magnetic field which maintains the electron beam focused about the axis of the tube. The magnetic field produced by the coil around the curved tube imparts motion to electrons in a spiral path for shallow penetration of the electrons into a target. It also produces a scalloped profile of the electron beam. A second drift tube spaced a predetermined distance from the curved tube is positioned with its axis aligned with the axis of the first drift tube. The second drift tube and the target holder are maintained at a reference voltage between the cathode voltage and the curved tube voltagemore » to decelerate the electrons. A second coil surrounding the second drift tube, maintains the electron beam focused about the axis of the second drift tube. The magnetic field of the second coil comprises the electron beam to the area of the semiconductor on the target holder.« less


Dairy products from goat's milk are characterized by their distinctive aroma and their specific taste. However, the strong aroma can discourage some consumers. Properties of cheese can be modified by the combination of goat's and cow's milk. On the other hand, chemical diversity from different milk origin may affect the changes during ripening. The aim of the study was to compare the intensity of changes during ripening of model cheese samples produced with various ratios of goat's and cow's milk. The combinations 100:0 (100% goat's milk), 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (100% cow's milk) were used for the manufacture of Dutch-type cheeses, which were ripened during a period of 84 days. Protein profile, free amino acid content and biogenic amine content were used for the description of cheese properties during storage. Cluster analysis showed different changes in the protein matrix of the examined samples. The results indicated that even low addition of cow's milk significantly affected the protein profile. However, the homology of protein profiles rose with the increasing ripening time. More intensive proteolysis occured in the samples with predominance of goat's milk. Moreover, cheese samples produced only from goat's milk presented a significant increase inthe amount of free amino acids after 14 days of ripening. The effect of milk origin on the production of biogenic amines was also examined. However, higher concentrations of biogenic amines were detected in samples manufactured from goat's milk. Tyramine, putrescine, histamine and phenylethylamine were detected during the storage of the samples. The total biogenic amine content exceeded 100 mg/kg in samples with predominance of goat's milk.


Without capacity mechanisms, generation investment in the deregulated power system tends towards boom and bust cycles. Due to lack of significant demand response to electricity price, the cycles may jeopardize supply adequacy or even leads to a black-out in the bust periods. In this paper, encouragement of investment in distributed generations, which is designed by the regulatory body is proposed to reduce the generation investment cycles. The traditional long-term model of generation investment dynamic is modified to model and consider the regulatory policies. Moreover, an optimization model of regulatory policies is also proposed in order to preserve the supply adequacy in power system. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to solve the optimization problem. The proposed model is implemented in MATLAB software. The simulation results indicate the efficiency of the proposed model in improving the boom and bust cycles and preserving supply adequacy.


All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 1217 Laboratory Investigation of Soil Stabilized using Terrasil Mrudul U V Prof. S.M. Damodariya Prof. N.B. Parmar P.G. Student Assistant Professor Adjunct Professor Parul Institute of Engineering and Technology Abstract— Soil stabilization is a technique aimed at increasing or maintaining the stability of a soil mass or otherwise improving its engineering properties. In the present investigation, the behavior of Black Cotton (BC) soil with and without stabilization was studied. A chemical named Terrasil was used as stabilizer. Cement has also been used as a stabilizer. In this study soil with variable dosages were tested for stabilization process and strength of the stabilized soil has been evaluated after curing period. The tests were carried out to determine the consistency limits, CBR value of the soil specimens with and without stabilizers for a curing period.


Drainage manhole covers are widely used in sanitary sewer and storm water systems in world. However, technical information regarding their structural aspects is limited. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the effect of main parameters that impact the design of manhole cover. A three finite element model for circular manhole cover was developed using AutoCAD, solid works and NX. The 3d model was analyzed by ANSYS parameters like different load and different material. Here cast iron is used as material of cover. The load condition was applied for two type of cover one without stiffer and with stiffer.


Novel poly(arylene ether)s with sulfonic acid containing pendent groups were successfully synthesized by the nucleophilic displacement of aromatic dihalides with bisphenols in an aprotic solvent in the presence of excess potassium carbonate followed by sulfonation with chlorosulfonic acid. The sulfonation took place only at the controlled positions on the phenyl rings due to the novel bisphenol structures designed. The sulfonic acid group containing polymers were very soluble in common organic solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N'-dimethylacetamide, and dimethylformamide, but swelled only slightly in water. These sulfonic acid group containing polymers were readily cast into tough and smooth films from organic solvents. The synthesized polymers had high glass-transition temperatures of 171.0-240.7 °C and high molecular weights of 15,600-33,000 Da. These films could potentially be used as proton-exchange membranes for fuel cells.


The presence of nanometer-sized diamonds in purported Younger Dryas (YD) boundary-dated sediments, carbon spherules, and Greenland ice was cited as evidence of a YD impact event (1). Although cubic and hexagonal (lonsdaleite) diamond have been found in shocked metamorphosed meteorites and are associated with terrestrial impact structures, cubic diamonds are well known to occur in terrestrial deposits that have no associations with impact processes. For example, submicron and smaller cubic diamond crystals have been found recently in carbonaceous spherules isolated in upper soils from various German and Belgian sites (2). Lacking links to impact structures, these diamonds are evidently not products of impact …


Social participation is a controversial concept which has more recently been researched with regard to relationship with older people's health and well-being. Understanding older people's different forms of participation and analysing them in specific contexts is useful both from a theoretical and a policy point of view since participation has become a key concept of the UK government's Big Society.
This paper presents preliminary findings from an exploratory analysis of older people's community participation, focusing on forms of, barriers to and opportunities for participation. The analysis draws on three different research sources: 1) a thematic analysis of interview transcripts form the ENABLE-AGE project (UK, 2003); 2) a computer-assisted analysis (ATLAS.ti) of qualitative data from an Italian study (Trajectories of over 60s' social and political participation in Cesena; 2010); 3) an ongoing literature review of current debates on older people's community participation.
Preliminary findings show that several physical, psychological, social and environmental factors can influence the different ways in which older people experience community participation. Among the physical, psychological and social factors: people's bodily changes, self-efficacy, experience, time available, requirement to redefine social roles and their need to feel useful. Environmental factors include the presence of public transportation and communication technologies.
According to our findings, community participation can be articulated in different forms: proactive, active and peripheral. In this paper we outline the characteristics of each form of older people's community participation and their different trajectories towards it.
This analysis will form the basis for the construction of an interview schedule that will be used with a British sample of older people. The interview will focus on the dynamics of participation, including transitions into and out of participation.


Building the Responsible Enterprise outlines the context and plan for developing and managing a responsible enterprise. It is rooted in corporate social responsibility (CSR) but goes beyond CSR in a few important ways. While it is well integrated and informed by fields outside of organizational studies, it takes a value-based perspective on responsibility. While I think this is somewhat rare for an academic text, I also think it may offer the only viable route to long-term corporate responsibility. In this review, I will outline the content of the book, attempt to place it alongside other approaches to CSR in the literature to characterize its contribution as well as illustrate its distinctive points. The book provides an accessible and theoretically informed perspective and practice on corporate social responsibility. Describing a context where companies are increasingly being held accountable for their stances on societal and social rights, responsible enterprises are those that live up to clear constructive visions and core values consistent with the societies in which they are embedded. The authors take a systems approach, in a new way, to analyze the impact that business has on social and environmental problems. The context of responsibility, not dissimilar to a triple bottom line approach of financial, social, and environmental performance, includes four spheres, each with dominant values: the business sphere, the political sphere, civil society, and the natural environment or ecological sphere. The next part of the book discusses the role of vision and leadership in building responsible enterprises, stating strong leadership is needed to bring a responsible vision into reality. They also devote attention to how such value-based visions add value. The next set of chapters highlight management practices in pursuit of CSR. In the last section, the book moves beyond CSR's technical approach, to a values-based perspective that entails new understandings about the corporation's role in an interlinked economy, political system, and civil society. They outline a shift in perspective and change in attitude. Waddock and Rasche focus on values as the key to responsible enterprise and, given the content of the text, it is easy to see how the values perspective takes center stage in the book. This is perhaps the least common perspective within CSR, but perhaps the most plausible way forward. The book's perspective is decidedly value-centered, meaning organizations do what's responsible because it is the right (moral and ethical) thing to do. In my review of the field of CSR and sustainability, which this book considers aptly, I found three broad research approaches and three related, somewhat overlapping, motivations for corporations to pursue CSR and sustainability. Much of the research on CSR, I believe, has been 484678OSS34810.1177/0170840613484678Organization StudiesBook Reviews 2013


This document reports on the following tasks: setup of Kentucky LLRW management unit, participation in meetings, and communication with other KY agencies. (DLC)


Abstract : This report analyzes simplified propagation codes and recommends improved models for characterizing the propagation of high energy CW laser beams. The following are included: A simplified optical train model; Creation of SAICOM computer program; Molecular absorption of DF laser radiation.


Using herbarium as a resource for ex-situ conservation is an important tool. The author has shown how the data from herbarium sheets and GIS can used for targeting seed collections by using Brahms. The author has compiled and produced over 30 collection guides for the Millennium Seed Bank Enhancement Project whilst working at Kew. These guides serve a good indicative tool in collecting seeds from the field. The author shares the methods and process involved in compiling and producing the collection guides.


Abstract : The Time and Frequency group at the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) maintains an active program of work in time and frequency metrology. This paper provides an overview of the group's principal activities. These include the maintenance and development of the national time scale UTC (NPL), development of a cesium fountain primary frequency standard, and research into cold-atom standards and techniques, time transfer activities, development of data analysis methods and clock algorithms, knowledge transfer activities, and the operation of services for time and frequency dissemination in the UK.


Decades after its development, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) remains the first-line treatment for skin malignancies in functionally and aesthetically sensitive areas. By nature, the size, shape, and extent of Mohs defects are not known prior to margins being cleared by histological examination. In many large institutions, multiple patients are treated concurrently, and the decision for optimal method and surgeon for defect closure is a collaborative effort between multiple subspecialists. This may include dermatology, plastic surgery, otorhinolaryngology, and other surgical subspecialties. Although effort is always made to communicate effectively, tools that improve the communication between physicians participating and collaborating in patient care will improve outcomes and make these processes less strenuous and more efficient. This conflagration of complicated scheduling, defect repair triage, and coordination between multiple departments provides an ideal environment for the application of intradepartmental telemedicine. We report with great interest that telemedicine and other telecommunication technologies are increasingly used to coordinate care in surgery and dermatology. For example, Lamel et al have explored the use of mobile phones for skin cancer screening and Kanthraj has described the successful use of teledermatology for remote consultation in dermatosurgery. Additionally, plastic surgeons have used third-generation smart phones for triaging wounds and other traumas. Telehealth technologies have also been used in MMS, especially for the purpose of telepathology. For example, distinguishing between basal cell carcinoma from benign histology on difficult frozen sections may be aided by dynamic telepathology intraoperatively. Smartglasses (Google Glass, Google Inc, Mountain View, CA) are a new telecommunication device, computer engineered to fit into a pair of eye-glasses (Figure 1). They are hands-free, voice-activated tools that present information to the user on a small translucent optical display. These features make smartglasses well suited to dermatological surgery where infection control and complex procedures prevent the surgeon from using other devices like computers or cell phones. Our device is also fitted 552735 SRIXXX10.1177/1553350614552735Surgical InnovationHamann et al research-article2014


Seeded chemical and physical vapour transport with H 2 and He, respectively, was used to grow twin-free ZnS x Se 1-x (x < 0.15) single crystals with diameter of 50-55 mm and height up to 15 mm. Use of a source with polycrystalline ZnSSe having a composition gradient along the furnace axis, allowed to improve the homogeneity of alloy composition. The change of x per 1 cm along the growth direction in the grown crystals was as small as 1.5%. The etch pit density was (3-5) x 10 4 cm -2 . Specific resistance of ZnSSe wafers was decreased up to 0.06 Ω cm by annealing in liquid Zn:Al.


This System Design Requirements (SDR) document specifies the functions to be performed and the minimum design requirements for the National Ignition Facility (NIF) site infrastructure and conventional facilities. These consist of the physical site and buildings necessary to house the laser, target chamber, target preparation areas, optics support and ancillary functions.


Abstract Introduction Emerging data suggests that SARS-CoV-2 acts via the angiotensin-converting-enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptors in the cells, also present in the gastrointestinal and liver cells, resulting in gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19. It is challenging to diagnose COVID-19 in patients presenting with only gastrointestinal symptoms, with early suspicion and visualisation of the lung bases on computerised tomography(CT) abdomen scans being helpful. Methods Single-centre retrospective analysis of abdominal/chest CT scans was conducted within a District General Hospital. From the 6000 CT scans between March and April 2020, 1557(26%) were abdominal, 230 of which had chest CT scans with COVID-19 positive changes. 49 patients with CT abdomen and a positive CT Chest were shortlisted. All recorded documentation was assessed using online clinical portal and tabulated using Microsoft Excel®. Subdivision into 3 groups was: 1) primary gastrointestinal symptom, normal CT abdomen, 2) common COVID-19 symptoms with gastrointestinal symptoms, normal CT abdomen 3) gastrointestinal symptoms, abdominal pathology on radiology. Results COVID-19 related changes were seen on CT scans with no abdominal pathology noted in 33% (n = 16) patients with primary gastrointestinal symptoms. Further 18% (9 patients) presented with gastrointestinal symptoms alongside other common COVID-19 symptoms, however abdominal CT scan was normal. CT abdomen of these 25 patients were studied by a consultant radiologist, who examined the lung bases on the abdominal CT scan for COVID-19 related changes, which was seen in 92% patients. In 8% of the cases where the lung bases on the CT abdomen were normal, COVID-19 related changes were apparent on the CT chest. Conclusions CT scans of the abdomen should be supplemented with CT scans of the chest, when appropriate, for early accurate diagnosis, early treatment and triage to the correct wards, especially at the height of the pandemic.


The present invention discloses a composition for inactivating ovarian functions using lactic acid not to cause the impairment of growth and not to hinder the quality or safety of the meat when the composition is injected into animals for inactivating their ovarian functions. For this, the present invention comprises 10-90 wt% of the lactic acid and 10-90 wt% of bulking agent. Since parenchymal tissues in the ovary loss their functions, if the composition according to the present invention is topically injected into the ovary, the estrus is controlled so improving growth rate and keeping their appetite, thereby promoting the increases in meat production. Also, the inactivation of the ovarian functions is completed with only one microinjection so that the lactic acid does not remain in the meat. The present invention has advantages of producing the environment-friendly certificated livestock products and low costs for the inactivation since the withdrawal period according to the injection of the composition is not necessary and the composition does not increase the level of the lactic acid in the blood.


In the paper, the author derives a formula of ruin with the backward method, which avoids the computation of adjustment coefficient. In the end, the author tests the formula with the situation that claims are distributed with exponential distribution.


Heatwaves are long periods of hotter-than-usual weather. They happen both on land and in the ocean. In the ocean, these hot periods are called marine heatwaves. Marine heatwaves can be deadly for marine life such as fish, seabirds, and corals. In the past decade, marine heatwaves have become more frequent, and more intense. Every marine heatwave is harmful to marine ecosystems. Marine heatwaves happen all around the world, from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea. Climate scientists predict that, in the future, marine heatwaves will last longer and be more frequent, which will inevitably create more problems for marine life and humans. Therefore, we need to better understand why marine heatwaves occur and how they impact life in the ocean.


Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine whether a bidirectional relationship between bank risk and market discipline may exist in Southeast Asia.

Design/methodology/approach
A simultaneous equations model with a three-stage least squares estimator is used to examine the interrelationships between bank risk and market discipline using a sample of 79 listed banks in five countries in Southeast Asia (ASEAN-5) from 2006 to 2019.

Findings
The findings show a two-way relationship between bank risk and market discipline. In particular, market discipline has a negative impact on bank risk, while there is a positive relationship between bank risk and market discipline. A bidirectional relationship between them still holds when using an alternative measure of bank risk in subsamples, controlling for the global financial crisis and governance indicators.

Practical implications
The findings indicate that market discipline can reduce bank risk. Meanwhile, a positive impact of bank risk on market discipline reemphasizes that market discipline is a powerful tool to ensure banks do not have excessive risk-taking. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that further implementation of market discipline as the third pillar of the Basel framework is necessary for the banking systems in ASEAN-5.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first attempt to investigate the interrelationship between bank risk and market discipline in Southeast Asia.


SUMMARY CT1341 is a new intravenous anaesthetic which appears to have overcome the disadvantages of the earlier steroid. The formulation is a mixture of two closely related steroids with Cremophor EL and the optimum dose for induction is 50–60 μl/kg though much larger doses can be given without serious side effects. As the dose is increased the incidence of muscle movements, respiratory depression and hypotension rises. Duration of action is intermediate between that of the barbiturates and propanidid and postoperative sickness is rare.


The present invention provides a process for cold briquetting and pelletization of ferrous or non-ferrous or mineral fines using iron bearing hydraulic mineral binders for metallurgical applications, said process consisting the steps of: mixing 84-95% by Wt. of a metallurgical/mineral/carbonaceous/oil contaminated materials in the form of dust/fines/sludge with 4-10 % by Wt. of an iron bearing hydraulic mineral binder and optionally with 2-6 % by Wt. water and 0.05 to 0.20% by Wt. of a surface active agent to form a homogenized dry mix / slurry, pelletizing / compacting the dry mix / slurry to form an agglomerated mass, and curing the agglomerated mass for 3-20 days by exposing the agglomerated mass to atmospheric air for 10-14 hours followed by moisture treatment. The iron bearing binder is an ultrafine powdery material (like cement) having as chemical constituents 25 to 45% of Fe203, 40 to 60% of Ca0+Mg0 and 12 to 18% of Si02+A1203.


The large number of internet traffic has highlighted the importance of traffic detection. Anomaly detection is playing an increasingly important role in network security. Feature matching, statistics rules and data mining are widely used in traditional anomaly detection systems, but they have numerous disadvantages, such as low accuracy, over consumption of processing resources. For the complexities of irregular situation, we propose a new model for anomaly traffic detection in this paper. This study combine feature matching module, statistics rules module and data mining module under fully considering the advantages and disadvantages of these three detection methods. Moreover, a multi-layer detection scheme was introduced to enhance system accuracy and reduce the complexity at the same time. Data mining module is the core of the model, Naive Bayes, decision tree and clustering algorithms are used in this module. The results of this system are produced by integrating the detection results of multi detection modules and proved that it has more accuracy than separate module.


A voltage sag detection based on improved PLL(Phase-Locked-Loop) is proposed,which simply detects the three characteristic variables of voltage sags:magnitude,duration and phase jump.The PLL is a closed-loop phase-feedback control system and it follows the instantaneous phase and instantaneous amplitude of input elementary wave,from which the magnitude and duration of voltage sags can be detected from them,as well as the phase jump.This method is direct and simple,with better real time performance and no additional system frequency needed.Simulation results show its effectiveness.


Conventional phosphor materials are doped ternary or quaternary compounds; hence it would be difficult to prepare those nanoparticles by build up methods. Ba2ZnS3:Mn, SrGa2S4:Eu, and BaAl2S4:Eu nanoparticles were prepared by a break down method, namely ball-milling method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and TEM–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) measurements showed several-nanometer-size stoichiometric and dispersed nanoparticles were achieved. The annealing was performed after the milling for those particles to cure the mechanical damages. The annealing in a vacuum at around the calcination temperature of starting materials showed the cured photoluminescence (PL). ZnO-coating was performed and the uniform coating layer of the thickness about 10 nm was formed on the phosphor nanoparticles. The ZnO-coated nanoparticles exhibited an improved stability in PL.


WHEN AN individual is faced with choosing one object or idea from among many objects or ideas, his selection is apt to be guided by inner personali ty dispos it ions. There is suggestive evidence support ing this contention from study of literary interests, of purchasing automobiles, even of the attraction of dates. The purpose of this study was to de te r m ine whether this assumption holds for teacher evalua tion of report cards. Specifically, the question raised here is "are their personality tendencies as sociated with preference for report cards?"


Present situation in the industrial manufacture has brought new trends in the kind of flexibility and intelligence. That means new generation of intelligent manufacturing systems. New generation of clamping fixtures is represented by group of clamping fixtures which can be used in intelligent manufacturing systems.


In light of the recent introduction of proposed Canadian federal wastewater effluent discharge regulations, research is being conducted on northern treatment systems in recognition of the unique challenges that a northern climatic environment pose. The Coral Harbour, Nunavut, wastewater treatment site consists of a single-cell lagoon that dynamically exfiltrates effluent into a natural tundra wetland treatment area. Natural tundra treatment wetlands may be a viable option for wastewater treatment in remote northern Canadian communities due to their passive and low maintenance operation requirements. The objectives of the study are to conduct a treatment performance and risk assessment, and develop an approach for modeling the hydrology and water quality aspects of the natural wetland treatment area. Many modeling techniques are available; however, a non-ideal flow chemical reactor model may be the most applicable to the site conditions. Data collection has included physical characterization, hydrological and hydrogeological monitoring, and treatment performance sampling of the wetland. Preliminary results have shown that the hydraulic loading rate of effluent on the wetland is highly dynamic, depending on seasonal factors with greater loading occurring during the spring melt period. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the natural treatment wetland is also highly variable depending on the period of observation; generally, the HRT was much shorter during the spring melt when flows into the wetland were high. Treatment performance (in terms of concentration reductions) of the natural treatment wetland was observed to be reduced in June compared to September, attributable to decreased retention time and comparatively lower amounts of dilution.


Introduction Healthcare services are primarily focusing on medical and physical treatment of COVID-19 while psychosocial and mental health needs are not considered a priority. Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore how recovered individuals with COVID-19 adapted to their psychological and social stressors during infection period. Methods A descriptive phenomenological approach conducted using a purposeful sample of 13 individuals recovered from COVID-19 in Jordan. Data collected using unstructured interviews. Results Perception of being diagnosed with COVID-19 revealed to three major themes; positive learning (acceptance, avoiding social pressure, and normalizing), tolerating ambiguity (denial and seeking information and guidance), and resilience (caring family, professionals' support, self-grieving, optimism, positive thinking, and spirituality). Conclusions The study indicates that there is a need to integrate psychosocial and mental health care services into healthcare plans provided to individuals with COVID-19. Disclosure No significant relationships.


Background: Past studies have demonstrated cognitive impairment after dehydration, though results are not always consistent. Methodological differences may account for these discrepancies. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of mild dehydration on various domains of cognitive function. Methods: Twenty-seven men (n=14; 26.9±4.6 years; 176.3±6.6 cm; 79.1±9.0 kg) and women (n=13; 27.3±4.3 years; 171.0±6.5 cm; 66.5±4.5 kg) participated in the study. Subjects were dehydrated to approximately 2% body mass loss via treadmill running and sauna. Measurements were collected prior to and after dehydration. Cognitive function tests included: Finger tapping, symbol digit coding, Stroop, and shifting attention tests. Results: Reaction time during the shifting attention test was significantly lower from pre-testing to post-testing (PRE: 882.67±126.59 ms; POST: 830.00±105.83 ms; p=0.0012). The Stroop reaction time was significantly lower from pre-testing to post-testing (PRE: 712.56±97.52 ms; POST: 671.63±97.21 ms; p=0.02). No significant changes were observed in any other measurements. Conclusion: Dehydration may enhance cognitive functioning in the areas of Stroop reaction time and reaction time during the shifting attention test.


The copper‐binding cellular prion protein (PrPC) and the heparan sulphate (HS)‐containing proteoglycan glypican‐1 (Gpc‐1) can both be attached to lipid rafts via their glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, and copper ions stimulate their cointernalization from the cell surface to endosomes. The prion protein controls cointernalization and delivers copper necessary for S‐nitrosylation of conserved cysteines in the Gpc‐1 core protein. Later, during recycling through endosomal compartments, nitric oxide can be released from the S‐nitroso groups and catalyses deaminative degradation and release of the HS substituents. Here, by using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, we show that normal PrPC and Gpc‐1 colocalize inside GT1‐1 cells. However, in scrapie‐infected cells (ScGT1‐1), Gpc‐1 protein remained at the cell surface separate from the cellular prion protein. Scrapie infection stimulated Gpc‐1 autoprocessing and the generated HS degradation products colocalized with intracellular aggregates of the disease‐related scrapie prion protein isoform (PrPSc). Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated an association between Gpc‐1 and PrPC in uninfected cells, and between HS degradation products and PrPSc in infected cells. Silencing of Gpc‐1 expression or prevention of Gpc‐1 autoprocessing elevated the levels of intracellular PrPSc aggregates in infected cells. These results suggest a role for Gpc‐1 autoprocessing in the clearance of PrPSc from infected cells.


A study investigated the impact of a school-based family literacy program located in an urban, working-class Ontario, Canada neighborhood on parents enrolled with their toddlers. Subjects, 15 white female parents between the ages of 17.6 and 33 years who had not completed secondary education, were interviewed, wrote journals, and participated in parent-child literacy and social interaction activities. Results indicated that (1) participation in the family literacy program positively affected the ways in which most of the enrolled parents engaged in shared reading activities at home; and (2) half of the parents continued to be enrolled with plans to complete secondary school. Findings suggest that while the program involved parents in reflection about their parenting styles and that parents appeared to adopt a wider range of parenting styles, there is no evidence that parents continued to use the strategies at home after the program ended. Five tables are included. (Contains 19 references.) (RS) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Developing Parenting and Literacy Skills Together: Effects on Parents of a High School Family Literacy Program


ABSTRACT Species interactions can modulate the diversity and enhance the stability of biological communities in aquatic ecosystems. Despite previous efforts to describe fish interactions in tropical rivers, the role of habitat characteristics, community structure, and trophic traits over these interactions is still poorly understood. To investigate among-habitat variation in substratum feeding pressure and agonistic interactions between fishes, we used remote underwater videos in three habitats of a clearwater river in the Central Western, Brazil. We also performed visual surveys to estimate the abundance and biomass of fishes and proposed a trophic classification to understand how these variables can affect fish interactions. Community structure was the main factor affecting the variation in the interactions among the habitats. Biomass was the main variable determining which habitat a fish will feed on, while species abundance determined with how many other species it will interact in the agonistic interaction networks for each habitat. Specific habitats are not only occupied, but also used in distinct ways by the fish community. Overall, our results demonstrate the importance of the heterogeneity of habitats in tropical rivers for the interactions performed by the fishes and how the intensity of these interactions is affected by community structure.


The work is devoted to the study of a problem of optimum control for ordinary differential equations of the second order with the Lions functional as a criterion of quality. The correctness of the problem of optimum control for ordinary differential equations of the second order is investigated and the theorems of existence and uniqueness for the solution of the problem of optimum control are proved.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electron emitting material and an electron emitting body which can realize necessary current density in low electric field. SOLUTION: The electron emitting material is made of nanotube containing metal in a hollow space inside and the electron emitting body is formed by preferably orienting the electron emitting element on an electrode substrate.


This research study, cross correlacional- descriptive, was conducted during the months of July 2015 to January 2016, in the Leoncio Prado Hospital of Huamachuco; in order to determine the relationship between the quality of nursing care and the level of depression in the elderly hospitalized. The sample universe consisted of 40 older adult patients selected according to the inclusion criteria. Two instruments were used for data collection: scale on the quality of nursing care developed based on 9 of the 10 factors care nursing practice proposed by (Waldow, 1998), Geriatric Depression Scale Yesavage created by Yesavage in 1986. The analysis of the relationship between the study variables was performed by test chi square independence criteria. The results are presented in leaderboards single and double entry number / percentage frequencies as well as statistical graphs. After the analysis has led to the following conclusions. That the highest percentage 60% of hospitalized patients indicates the quality of care as poor, 22% good, and 18% regularly. Observed that most hospitalized patients 80% have a moderate level of depression, 15% have a level of severe depression, 5% a level of mild depression and 0% no depression. According to statistics chi square test shows that there is no relationship between variables. (P = 0.148).


Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) is one of the few native hardwood species that has been planted for afforestation in appreciable numbers in this country. In the Central States this species has been grown mainly on submarginal farmland and on strip-mine spoil banks, while in the Great Plains it has been planted for shelterbelts. In the Northeast, only limited experimental plantings have been attempted.


While our field's response practices have changed dramatically over the past two decades to involve more student comments on their own texts, empirical studies have lagged far behind classroom practices, focusing almost exclusively on teachers' written comments as texts. By broadening our notion of response-and acknowledging the many and varied ways that teachers respond to student writing as well as the many and varied ways that students influence and interpret those responses-we will be able to narrow the gap between our teaching practices and our research questions.


The current development of Intrusion Detection System in network makes great progress,and the applications of data mining technique in computer security field improve the development of IDS.It is necessary to classify the attack degrees and use data mining in IDS.Then the urcertainty of the attack activities can be described and users can adjust the detection according to the actual situation.


Objective: The Affect Underpinned by Severity and Social Impairment Questionnaire (AUSSI) allows clinicians to describe mood symptoms and social impairment and to follow up residual symptoms after treatment in patients with major depressive disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the AUSSI.

Method: The study included 137 (117 female and 20 male) patients between 18 and 65 years of age who were diagnosed as major depressive disorder according to DSM IV diagnosis. Also 32 control subjects (25 female and 7 male) were included. All subjects completed a Sociodemographic Information Form and the Turkish version of the Affect Underpinned by Severity and Social Impairment Questionnaire. The patients were also assessed by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) and Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ). For reliability Cronbach's coefficient and split-half reliability analyses were performed. For validity analyses, factor analyses were performed. Pearson correlation coefficient between HDRS, HARS, BDQ, and AUSSI were also measured.

Results: Concerning the reliability of the scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.897, Gutman Split-half coefficient was calculated by split half method as 0.862. Cronbach's alpha coefficient composed of 6 items for the first part was 0.801, and for the second part containing the 5 items was 0.857. In order to determine the construct validity of AUSSI, a principal component factor analysis with Varimax rotations was performed, and two factors (Affect Severity, Social Impairment) were obtained with Eigenvalue greater than 1.0. Also correlations of AUSSI total between BDQ (r=0.61, p


Androgenetic diploid axolotls were produced by a combination of ultraviolet inactivation of the egg pronucleus and pressure suppression of the first cleavage division. Although survival was low, this technique will prove to be useful for producing completely homozygous animals in one step.


The use of medical props is very important in education as well as on the general public. This paper aims to identify the development of medical props production towards industry 4.0. The model and data are taken from the actual manufacturing process by using Invesalius software, Cura software, 3D printer, and the data are transfered manually using human and media SD-Card. The simulation uses Arena software (student version) to find utilization for every process. The result show that the bottleneck processes, with high utilization, are solidification process with Invesalius software and printing process with 3D Printer. Developing medical props process towards Industry 4.0, we use artificial intelegent (especially neural network algorithm) to combine solidification, slicing and make GCode process. Transfer data, with human movement process, can be change with internet of things. For loading material and unloading product from 3D printer, we can use robot arm.


This article discusses the techniques of implementation of modular programming in assemble language. Itstudies the delivery of entrance parameters when calling each sub-module, the returning of its results, and the delivery ofits results among the sub-modules as the entrance parameters. It demonstrates a sample program based on the technique ofresolving the key problem in structural programming.


We evaluated the growth of Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seedlings on peat and bark substrates, on their mixes and on their mixes with agroperlite. We examined the basic quantitative traits (seedling diameters and heights), the number of produced seedlings per unit area, main root lengths, number of axial shoots and dry weight of shoots and roots. Besides the study of substrate influence on the biometrical characteristics of seedlings applied standard fertilisation an experiment was established as the second variant where the effect of biostimulants was tested; they were supplied by the JAMINEX Company. The experiment was established with three replications by standard technologies used in forest operations. A conclusion can be drawn that in our experiments peat was found to be the most suitable substrate for production of Norway spruce seedlings. Positive effects of biostimulants were highly significant on almost all tested substrate mixes.


Studies in the past have used image processing techniques on quality crack images obtained from open-source databases. The results obtained by using these techniques on such images yielded convincing results. But in an ideal situation, the environment in which the image is captured is often complex and dynamic, which does not guarantee good quality crack images. This study aims to compare the performance of four different image processing techniques used to detect concrete cracks when any crack image taken from a standard camera is used. The image processing techniques that have been considered are namely Wavelet transform, Min-Max Gray Level Discrimination, Super Pixel Segmentation and Nine Element Matrix method. The Otsu segmentation method is used to binarize the image after the images are preprocessed using these techniques, followed by the use of morphological operations to remove noisy spots. It was observed that Min-Max Gray Level Discrimination performed relatively better than the other techniques.


Several medical students across the UK spend their weekends and summer holidays working in their local hospitals as healthcare assistants (HCAs). We are two final year medical students who advocate the role and believe the benefits gained by working as an HCA can be overlooked. This letter aims to highlight the skills that can be developed through this work and how these skills can benefit medical students during their degree, as well as increasing exposure to the importance of interprofessional care.

The job involves working as part of the nursing team, performing tasks such as recording vital signs, assisting with meals and provision of personal care. An HCA is the first port of call when a patient requires assistance and is the staff member who will spend the most time directly with patients. Research has shown that student nurses commonly work as HCAs during their undergraduate training and believe it positively impacts their progression in becoming registered professionals.1 Yet with medical students, this practice is far less common. In some trusts, healthcare students are able to get a streamlined application to work on the Nurse Bank, which has the benefit of allowing choice of which shifts to work.

The nature of working on the Nurse Bank means it is not unusual to spend every shift on a different ward with a different team of staff; being able to adapt quickly …


Atrial fibrillation can present with symptoms of myocardial infarction and elevated troponin, even in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). We sought to determine the characteristics that predict underlying obstructive CAD. Obstructive CAD was far more likely in those with troponin elevation. In those with elevated troponin, diabetes mellitus was an independent predictor of obstructive CAD.


In this paper we propose a parameter identification procedure for the wheel-motor dynamic of a robotic walker, i.e. a commercial trolley for elderly people endowed with cognitive, sensing and guidance capabilities. The objective of the wheel-motor dynamic model is to generate a suitable time reference to be used in an estimation algorithm. The ultimate goal of the estimation algorithm is to retrieve the thrust, i.e. torque and force, that the older adult user of the robotic walker applies to the platform. These quantities are of paramount importance in order to adopt intelligent and comfortable walker guidance algorithms. The novelty of this approach is the avoidance of additional costly sensors that are usually used to solve such a problem. Experimental results are reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.


Quality control in geotechnical engineering is becoming an important issue, especially when products are buried underground. Seismoacoustic methods are widely used for investigations in such structures. In this article seismoacoustic well logs from hidden structures (made by jet grouting technology) are being processed with the goal of obtaining additional information about distribution of heterogeneities in improves grounds. Two methods of estimation Q-factor are used: frequency shift method and amplitude ratios method.


Hypertension and cognitive impairment are two big health problems.Researches have proved that there is close relationship between hypertension and cognitive decline.It has been popular to explore the relationship between blood pressure and cognitive function.The article elaborates the relationship between blood pressure and cognitive function and the effect of antihypertension on cognitive function,and discusses the influencing mechanism of hypertension to cognitive impairment.


This study aimed to analyze the subjects, situations, and reflection levels related to role modeling experienced by medical students during their clinical clerkship and their own reflections. This study intends to suggest ways of improving how residents and clinical faculty should treat and teach medical students. Written interviews were conducted regarding senior medical students' role modeling experiences during their clinical clerkships in 2018 and 2019. Content analysis was conducted for a total of 224 cases from 196 students. Content analysis revealed three types of role modeling content: subjects (faculty, residents, nurses, peer students), situations (clinical competence, personal qualities, teaching skills), and the level of reflection (critical reflection, reflection, thoughtful action, and habitual action) in each case. As role model subjects, faculty were found to be the paramount role model (n=142, 62.83%). Role modeling was the most frequently performed for clinical competence (n=103, 45.98%). Clinical competence was frequently shown in communication and empathic listening during rounds and outpatient relationships between the patient and doctor. Regarding the level of reflection for role modeling, the number of critical reflections was 86 (38.39%) and that of reflections was 80 (35.71%). In particular, negative role modeling showed a high level of critical reflection in relation to faculty (64.44%) and nurses (8.89%). In conclusion, role modeling of medical students participating in clinical clerkships occurs in situations that the role models are not aware of, with positive or negative effects on the formation of professional identity among medical students.


This final project aims to describe the collaboration of laundry section with front office department and describe the constraints that occur between the collaboration of the laundry section and the front office department in conducting  guest laundry billing process at the Tentrem Hotel Semarang. The existence of cooperation constraints between the Front Office and Housekeeping raises problems that can cause guest complaints. Therefore, it is necessary to have good quality cooperation between the front office and the laundry department in order to reduce work errors and guest complaints. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method through observation, interviews and retrieval of documentation. The results showed that the collaboration between the laundry section and the front office department went well and smoothly. With the laundry working closely with the front office department to provide information related to guest information that performs laundry services, namely ensuring communication between the front office department and the laundry runs smoothly including information given to guests regarding the clothes they are washing, ensuring there is no damage to guest clothes, always ensuring that laundry delivery to guests is correct and according to guest wishes, the Front Office provides complete information about rooms that benefit from free laundry and laundry Packages. In addition, the Laundry Section cooperation with the Front Office Department in carrying out the Billing process runs according to standard operating procedures. The procedures carried out involve guests, Laundry Attendant, Receptionist and Guest Service Center. In the guest laundry service, then the collaboration also involves Finance to finalize payments.


Objective To develop a inter-hospital cooperative system for health management based on standardized individual health database,in order to realize data equipment sharing,standard unifying,two-way referral and remote technical guidance.Methods With BIS configuration,Python as the development tool,Linux operation system as the server platform and ADSL network for data sharing,the system was characterized by standardized flow for health management,network sharing for individual health database,as well as suggestion,evaluation and prescription for individual health.Results The trial was performed with General Hospital of Chengdu Military Area Command as the large-scale hospital,three municipal hospitals from Sichuan Province as the central hospitals,and five community healthcare centers or county hospitals as the primary ones.Three-level regional health management was realized,which could be used for data sharing,standard unifying,two-directional referral and remote education instruction.Conclusion The cooperative system for regional health management contributes a lot to the standardized data interface and flow,and also to the epidemiological analysis of the physical examination data.


Design of a hydroelectric power-plant simulator and its implementation in Python are presented. The simulator is aimed as a supportive tool for PID parameter pre-tuning for the vital power-plant regimes. Typically, the pre-tuned parameters are to be used as starting values at the physical control system within its installation phase. The simulator can also be used for testing the control system performance at the safety-critical regimes. The simulator core is formed by a low-parameter dynamical model, which is parameterized based on power-plant dimension and available experimental data. For the simulator implementation, Python programming language is used due to its enhanced readability and suitability for rapid prototyping. Runge-Kutta numerical implementation of model parts is formed as compact Python functions. These are embedded and called within the simulation part of the whole program, which also handles smooth transients at switching of the regimes. The simulator performance is validated on available process data.


Objective:To investigate the efficacy of atomization inhaled furosemide in the treatment of acute severe asthma.Methods:46 patients with acute severe asthma in our hospital were randomly divided into control group 24 cases and treatment group 22 cases,each groups were given conventional treatment,the treatment group added atomization inhaled furosemide therapy based on the conventional treatment.Results:Two groups of patients before and after the treatment of lung function changes had a significant difference(P0.05),the two groups after treating lung function and total effective rate were compared,the treatment group was higher than the control group,has statistics significance(P0.05).Conclusion:Atomization inhaled furosemide in the treatment of acute severe asthma is safe and effective,convenient,economical,suitable for clinical application.


The hydraulic performance of passage affects work state of pump for irrigation and drainage.The research status on optimum design,flow experiments,model test and numerical simulation was reviewed.The problems existed in the development of this field in China were put forward.The research direction is to apply Integration Numerical Simulation(INS) for pumping system and flow measurement.


In professional circles, it often seems that the state of our urban environment and attitude towards the natural environment reflect a lack of attention devoted to educating all generations, and a lack of awareness raised on this topic. The picture of our settlements is actually a picture of ourselves. For this reason, and the desire to draw young people in and explain professional topics to them in an adequate and acceptable way, and to develop a love of the environment and awareness of the quality of life, several institutions and organizations have launched independent education programs. These programs and workshops are implemented partly voluntarily, or within activities related to specific events and projects and the regular activities of individual institutions, and they are designed as a supplement to educational programs in preschools, schools and universities. The paper analyzes known approaches, methods and techniques related to youth participation, shown through a selected review of the literature. Also cited are examples of several different educational workshops in some of Belgrade's professional institutions and organizations, based on architectural formatting, urban planning, the protection of built heritage and the preservation of ecological corridors. Based on the experiences acquired and the observed results, a series of recommendations are formed for the organization and implementation of this form of education. The aim of the research is to highlight the importance, possibilities and benefits of educating young people in terms of understanding and caring for the space that surrounds us, as well as others with whom we share that space. Participation in the creative process contributes to gathering observations, ideas, visions and expressing needs, with the possibility of their application.


Cardamom as a herbal has several medicinal practices in Indian Vedic remedy and the oil is consumed in scents and enrage and demanded in India as an aphrodisiac. It can be employed as a refreshing innervating bathtub. The extraction of it is involved the vital oil by steam condensation from the dried ripe fruit. The collection of researchers in this article are showing and proving the various influencing of cardamom are included pathophysiological and chemical activity, where it was significant differences (pd<0.05) in case using of this herbal in treatment of infection (as anti-inflammatory) and cancer, lowering of blood sugar, antioxidant, asthma, peptic ulcer, and recently it is used in the field of aromatherapy in treatment of different disease beside to containing of nutrient elements such as vitamins A and E, in which it has interesting of supplementary complement.


The formation mechanism of 360° domain walls (360DW) created in an exchange-biased bilayer of Co65.5Fe14.5B20/Ir22Mn78 is described. The structural and magnetic properties are experimentally characterized and incorporated into a micromagnetic model of exchange-bias for granular anti-ferromagnetic films. This model is used to study and explain the formation mechanism of 360DWs in the ferromagnetic layer, which occur due to interface coupling to the antiferromagnetic layer. The validity of the resulting calculated magnetization maps are examined by comparing simulated and experimental Fresnel-contrast images of the bilayer. Energy barrier simulations are used to explain the dependence of the areal size and spatial frequency of the 360DW on the anisotropy energy of the anti-ferromagnetic layer. These calculations also show how such structures can form at room temperature at relatively low applied magnetic fields. Calculations based on this model are in agreement with imaging using Lorentz transmission electr...


Castor oil has gained the interest of researchers for being used as alternative to diesel fuel. Castor oil is characterized by high ricinoleic acid. The predominance of ricinoleic acid possesses an unsaturated bond due to which, oil is soluble in alcohol. Several authors had come up with the contradicting results regarding the production of biodiesel through transesterification. In this experimental study, an attempt has been carried out to optimize the various reaction parameters of transesterification of the available castor seed oil with respect to the yield of the biodiesel. The experiments were conducted taking a constant agitating speed and reaction time but varying methanol: oil molar ratio and catalyst concentration. NaOH and KOH were used as catalysts. The results of the study show the optimum reaction conditions for transesterification of castor oil. Various physico-chemical properties were evaluated for castor biodiesel. In-spite of the contradicting results regarding reaction parameters of castor biodiesel production, the viscosity of the biodiesel was found to be comparable to other studies.


In this paper, the theoretical equation of the reservoir productivity is studied from the Darcy's two-dimensional production formula. The complicated relation between the productivity and the effective porosity, permeability, resistivity are deduced according to the functional relationship between relative permeability and water saturation. On the basis of the achievements above, the fundamental strategies of predicting the reservoir productivity are discussed. Finally the prediction system of reservoir productivity is established by neural network technique. This system has been successfully applied for the oil-gas productivity prediction of the Keshang Formation in the District 8 of Kelamayi Oil-field and proved to be effective.


The transient response of internal pressure following a sudden openning was described by a second-order, non-liner, ordinary differential equation. Because of the complexity of the geometry and the opening configuration, it is quite difficult for wind tunnel test to correctly estimate the constant coefficients in the equation. The transient response of flow pattern at sudden opening is simulated by Computational Fluid Dynamics method. Both the Helmholtz frequency and equivalent viscous losses are obtained. The gain function obtained by using these parameters coincides with the result of wind tunnel test fairly accurately. It is shown that the numerical computation can simulate the flow pattern at sudden opening correctly. Finally the flow dynamical parameters are derived by fitting the differential equation to the numerical response.


IT IS WELL known, particularly from work on diabetes insipidus,that the anterior pituitary contributes to the control of water exchange by exerting a diuretic influence. This is seen most clearlywhen its action is unchecked by the antagonistic secretions of theneuro-hypophysis (reviewed by Fisher, Ingram and Ranson, 1938;and Gersh, 1939). The means by which the anterior pituitary mediatesthis effect is not fully established, but is probably multiple in nature(Richter, 1934; Schweizer, Ehrenberg and Gaunt, 1943). A somewhat different aspect of the problem can be observed when,instead of focussing attention on the daily water exchange, the disposalof measured doses of water given by stomach tube to fasted hypophysectomized animals is observed in short-term experiments. Our attention was drawn to this phase of the subject in 1939 whenwe attempted to determine whether hypophysectomized rats differedfrom normal ones in their sensitivity to the antidiuretic action of vasopressin.