Summary The integration of quality, analytics, and big data guided by the strategic direction of the organization can potentially result in new sources of customer value and a new source of competitive advantage. This research report describes some of the advances related to quality, analytics, and big data and explores the benefits of integrating them in practice. Analytics and big data techniques can help improve product and service quality by generating new customer insights and enhancing decision making. Also, it is argued that analytics and big data initiatives can be improved if quality principles are applied. It is explained that analytics is not just about numbers and big data doesn't necessarily mean we need millions of data points. A new emergent definition of big data is introduced plus ten ideas for better integrated quality, analytics, and big data practices.


Beginning in the 1930s, Emmanuel Levinas called into question the totalizing priorities of the Western metaphysical tradition and developed a dramatically original description of how subjectivity is constructed in the context of what he terms a face to face encounter with an absolute Other. This destabilizing experience is presented in terms of a summons that demands an ethical response in the form of unqualified moral responsibility for the well being of the Other, without any expectation of reciprocity. In a series of profoundly challenging works, Levinas analyzes the different stages in the development of this relationship, expressed in masculine oriented terms, and he contrasts the nobility and generosity of ethics with the intimacy of eros and the welcome of the feminine in a protected domestic site. Levinas insists on the impossibility of fusion and possession in both the ethical and the erotic relationships and seeks to disengage his discourse from essentialist, gender based interpretations. Nevertheless, he privileges terms associated with masculine subjects and likewise seems to endorse stereotypical interpretations of the feminine as fragile and frail, inviting either pity or tenderness. The fact that eros is based on an equivocation between need and the desire for something absolutely Other, which does not depend on any lack, prevents it from attaining the same stature as ethics. And by leaving the feminine out of his discussion of ethics, Levinas at least downplays the possibility for feminine subjects to respond to the summons of the face to face encounter and accept the risk of living other than in the metaphysical dwelling of Being.

The questions raised in Levinas' works concerning eros, ethics, and the feminine assume different configurations and lead elsewhere when explored in proximity to J.M.G. Le Clezio's emblematic saga La quarantaine. Similar in many ways to Levinas' philosophical trajectory, Le Clezio's literary undertaking details the disjointed stages of a journey from the self-contained solitude of Being to an exposed elsewhere in what Levinas calls the "au-dela de l'etre." The multi-layered text of La quarantaine fictionalizes the crisis that caused Le Clezio's great-uncle to be erased from family history and depicts the transgenerational effects of that disappearance. The originality of Le Clezio's work stems from the double inscription of the alterity of both eros and ethics in an Other who is gendered female. His text explores the process of rupture and exposure that Levinas valorizes, but it does so in a way that reveals how a female subject, who both welcomes discreetly and imposes herself indiscreetly, challenges what Levinas calls the "egoite tragique" of the other protagonists. Le Clezio's arrestingly beautiful prose serves as a kind of textual face that expresses concretely the complexity of Levinas' preoccupations and summons us as readers to exceed our capacities and live otherwise.


Effective behavior management is necessary to ensure students are engaged with instruction. Students cannot learn if they are not engaged. Although the relationship between effective behavior management and positive student behavior is well established, the relationship between behavior management and increased academic achievement, including early literacy skills, is still developing. This study examined the collateral effects of high quality implementation of evidence-based behavior management strategies on early literacy growth for students considered at-risk for reading difficulties receiving targeted early intervention. Results indicate that students receiving targeted early literacy skills instruction from very good behavior managers performed statistically significantly better than students receiving instruction from poor behavior managers. Implications and future directions are discussed.


ESAS (Enterprise Strategic Advisory System) is a case-based expert system, designed to address the issues of sustaining and improving an enterprise's competitive position within a dynamic marketplace by providing advice on market-led quality and strategic change, i.e. to help organisations create a proactive mindset that is constantly market-responsive and opportunist. This paper gives an insight into the domain analysis process leading to the development of the generic quality framework on which the system is founded. A description of the functionality of ESAS and the rationale for adopting a case-based reasoning approach are also presented, giving examples of the system's case indexing and retrieval strategies. (5 pages)


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a new phoshonosulfonate salt inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis and useful for treating hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, atheroscierosis, etc. SOLUTION: A compound of formula I (X is t-butylamine salt, t-octylamine salt, dehydroabietylamine salt). For example, a compound of formula II. The compound of formula I is obtained e.g. by treating a calcium salt of formula III with an ion exchange resin and subsequently reacting the obtained free acid with an amine reactant. COPYRIGHT: (C)1996,JPO


The concept of the lateralizer device is to sense the difference in wing tip static pressures (differential pressures being created by wing tip venturis) produced when any deviation from straight to level flight occurs. In a steady state turn the low slow wing tip experiences less venturi suction than the high fast wing tip. This signal activates the appropriate servos connected to the ailerons to produce a wing leveling restoring moment. If the wing is subjected to rolling velocities due to changes of the local angle of attack at the tip, the downgoing wing tip operates at a higher angle than the upgoing one. If with an increase in the angle of attack the signal is such that it increases the venturi pressure, then the servos are activated to produce the most negative signal to an upgoing aileron which results in a wing leveling restoring moment. In other words, any deviation from straight and level flight in either roll or yaw is exploited and the difference signal from the differential pressures activates the servo to effect or produce the necessary corrective action to null the signal.


This paper studies the conservation treatment of Lady Shim's costume, which was excavated in Jecheon Province in 2012. There were the significant problems, which were encountered in the treatment of the costume ; First the Jeogoris were transformed during the excavation, Second fibers were seriously deteriorated, Third most of the fabrics such as Chusa were readily deformed. To overcome these problems and to secure stability in the conservation treatment, we decided to alternate between two different washing methods ; dry cleaning by n-hexane and wet cleaning by water. The costume shape was recovered by steaming and by swelling with Hanji(Korean traditional paper). The combined cleaning method proved to be relatively efficient and stable. In addition, the shape of Chusa was well preserved by dry cleaning.(using n-hexane also solved the problem of bad smell after washing with organic solvents.) The effects of the conservation treatment on the excavated costumes could be seen in the change of Lab color difference. Washing made the distribution of Lab color difference narrower, which may suggest that the impurities on the fiber was removed by washing. In addition, the value of L was greater than avalue and bvalue after the treatment. This result indicates that the change of value represents the change of color difference by cleaning.


Since renewable energies are important sources of electricity generation and rain energy increases power of wind station, this book implies rain effect on wind turbine in areas which both rain and wind exist. Furthermore turbulence is studied to obtain voltage and frequency stability in the presented wind-rain station. Besides new simulation of induction machine is applied to wind-rain station in high voltage sag and all of used wind speeds.


Mission Creep: The Federal Government and America's Schools is a historical overview of the progressive encroachment if the United States' federal government into the area of education. This involvement began as a way to compete with the Soviet Union in the areas of science and technology but has since morphed into virtually all areas if curriculum and instruction. Dr. Bryant discusses the political and pedagogical implications if this encroachment with an rye towards reclaiming local control of education within the United States and as a cautionary tale for other nations witnessing similar developments within their own educational systems.


Eight‐bit parallel input/output (I/O) ports for the IBM microchannel are described. First, the microchannel signals needed for the ports are identified and defined. Next, the states of the data and address lines and the controls during input and output sequences are described. Finally, ports circuitry which responds to the sequences is presented and explained.


Machine learning has shown its capabilities for an automati cg enera- tion of heuristics used by optimizing compilers. The advantages of these heuristics are that they can be easily adopted to a new environment and in some cases out- perform hand-crafted compiler optimizations. However, this approach shifts the e!ort from manual heuristic tuning to the model selection pr oblem of machine learning - i.e., selecting learning algorithms and their respective parameters - which is a tedious task in its own right. In this paper, we tackle the model selection problem in a systematic way. As our experiments show, the right choice of a learning algorithm and its parame- ters can significantly a!ect the quality of the generated heu ristics. We present ag eneric framework integrating machine learning into ac ompiler to enable an automatic search for the best learning algorithm. To find goo ds ettings for the learner parameters within the large search space, optimizations based on evolu- tionary algorithms are applied. In contrast to the majority of other approaches aiming at a reduction of the average-case execution time (ACET), our goal is the minimization of the worst-case execution time (WCET) which is a key parameter for embedded systems acting as real-time systems. A careful case study on the heuristic generation for the well-known optimization loop invariant code motion shows the challenges and benefits of our methods. 1I ntroduction Optimizing compilers transform a program written in a sourc el anguage into as eman- tically equivalent program in a target language. The generated code should exhibit a high performance. Since finding optimal solutions to compiler optimizations is provably hard, compiler writers are forced to use heuristics as approximate solutions. The devel- opment of heuristics for compiler optimizations is a tediou st ask requiring both ah igh amount of expertise and an extensive trial-and-error tuning. The reasons are twofold. First, heuristics often use simplified architecture models of complex systems, which do not su!ciently capture all relevant architectural feature s. Second, compiler optimiza- tions are typically executed within a sequence of interfering optimizations. Since the mutual interactions are hardly predictable, compiler writers develop heuristics based on conservative assumptions. Such heuristics avoid negative e"ects but also prevent the exploration of the optimization potential. ! The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community's Artist Design Network of Excellence and from the European Community's Seventh Frame-


Description of teaching reality is the main topic of this interdisciplinary examination about "acoustic ergonomics of schools." In the first step we analyse how different teaching methods affect basic noiselevel and working noise level. Which effect has an altered room acoustics on the sound levels in the context of each teaching method. The data records available as timeseries allows for the first time analysing single phases of lessons, which are characterized by certain pedagogical characteristics or individual instruction phases. Is it correct to speak of "noise stress" or is this stress an emotional reaction to the kind of? Based on recordings of teachers heartrate we analyse in the third step the effects of noise level on the workload of the teachers as a stress reaction. A distinction is made on the subject of different teaching methods, and on the basis the different room acoustic conditions. In one primary school we had four classes with a RT>0.5 s and four further classes with a RT<0.5s. At a se...


Lung-sparing medical ventilation –CPAP + PSV Mode – The FABIAN HFO is a new medical ventilator that was developed mainly for use with newborns and can accommodate children weighing up to 30 kg. It is equipped for ventilation modes CMV, SIMV, AC, PSV, and HFO and has VG, volume limit, and leak correction functions. A key feature is separate pressure setup for backup ventilation during apnoea in the CPAP + PSV mode. This article summarizes the specifications of the FABIAN HFO, looking mainly at benefits and caveats in the CPAP+PSV Mode.


The hydriding and dehydriding properties, electronic structure, crysta-lline structure and micomorphology of Mg modificd by tetrahydrofuran, as well asthe stabllity of its hydride have been investigated. Experimental results show thatafter 20 cycles of hydriding and dehydriding, the modified Mg may absorb 3.5 wt-%hydrogen at 643 K under 3.5 MPa H_2, and evacuate 3.2 wt-% hydrogen at 642 Kunder vacuum. The tetrahydrofuran may cause the change of electron structure ofMg, but not change the crystalline structure. It was found a new hydride phasebesides MgH_2 in the hydrided products. The distortion in great extent may be result-ed by the hydriding transformation as the polycrystalline hydride formed in Mgand the slip band and twin widely spreaded in the crystals of Mg hydride.


The total electron content(TEC) measured by GPS observations from the network of International GNSS Service(IGS) at the altitude of about 450 km in the 110°E longitude sector for more than a solar cycle term from January 2000 to December 2011 are used to study the north-south asymmetry of the equatorial ionization anomaly(EIA).The parameters of the EIA crest obtained from the daytime TEC profiles for conditions of different solar activity have been used to study the solar cycle variations of EIA in the Southeast Asian region.Results show that the latitudinal position,occurrence time and strength of the EIA crest are found to be asymmetric about the magnetic equator and the conditions of solar activity have a remarkable effect on EIA crest and the north-south asymmetry.The strength of EIA crest is obviously higher during periods of high solar activity,and the TEC average value of the EIA crest is obviously higher in the northern hemisphere during the daytime in all seasonal.The strength of the north crest is higher than that of the south crest in summer and autumn during low solar activity period,while smaller in winter.During high solar activity period,the occurrence time of the northern crest appears about 1 h later than that of the southern crest from June to August.And during low solar activity period,the occurrence time of the northern crest appears about 1 h earlier than that of southern crest in winter,while about 2 h later from May to September.With the solar activity increased gradually,the mean value of asymmetry index(Ia) increased obviously during winter solstice.


Several small photovoltaic (PV) grid-connected inverters (GCIs) connected to a single PV array are applied in parallel in large-capacity applications since the power generation efficiency can be improved through appropriate control strategies. The control problem for parallel inverters is challenging due to DC voltage regulation and power sharing issues. This brief considers the problem of finite-time consensus of power sharing for parallel PV GCIs with a novel leader-follower structure. A primary droop controller at the DC side and a secondary finite-time controller are introduced in each follower to achieve power sharing with fast regulation and strong disturbance rejection. The test results for five 100 kW GCIs are presented to demonstrate the performance of the method.


Tetracycline-regulated expression systems have been widely used for inducible protein expression in cultured mammalian cells. With these systems, however, leakiness in expression of the target gene in the absence of the inducing agent is a frequent problem. Here we describe a novel approach to overcome this problem that involves the incorporation of AU-rich mRNA destabilizing elements (AREs) into the 3' untranslated regions of the tetracycline-inducible constructs. Using the inducible expression of sphingosine kinase 1 and 2 in HEK293 cells as model systems, we found this ARE approach to be remarkably successful in ablating expression of these proteins in the absence of doxycycline through decreasing stability of their mRNAs. We show that this undemanding and flexible process results in a substantial decrease in the leakiness of the tetracycline-inducible expression system while maintaining a high level of target protein expression following induction.


According to almost all estimates, significant investments in new renewable energy sources in Serbia are needed. Serbia has economically viable potentials of renewable energy sources (RES) (solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, biomass energy, geothermal energy, etc.), so the structure of the production mix in the electricity system should increasingly be based on renewable sources. In this paper, an attempt is made to answer the following questions: does Serbia need new production capacities, does Serbia need new production capacities from RES, and finally, which of the RES would be the most suitable at the moment? The paper assesses whether this is exactly the right moment to accelerate the process of energy transition in Serbia, as well as the opportunity to ensure a more sustainable growth and development through a faster transition to RES. It starts from the fact that increasing the production of electricity from RES, together with measures to increase energy efficiency and decarbonize energy production and consumption, is the backbone of the energy transition and at the same time the essence of Serbia's commitments by joining the Energy Community and accepting international climate agreements. The paper assumes that by increasing the efficiency of the energy sector and use of RES, European policy goals can be achieved in Serbia and that energy sector can be positioned as an engine of stability and sustainable economic development. Secondary effects will lead to increased sustainable employment, reduced public debt and increased competitiveness of the sector. Therefore, the energy transition should be seen as a development opportunity. The construction of large RES plants, especially large solar power plants in Serbia and joining the EU Green Deal, is certainly a signal that Serbia is well on its way to developing a modern, environmentally friendly, competitive and regionally integrated energy system. This will trigger the necessary investments in the modernization of the energy sector and enable the attraction of foreign direct investments. Achieving this vision requires decisive political action at the national and regional levels. Solar projects have the lowest levelized costs of produced kWh of electricity, they are the fastest to implement and they have the least environmental and social impact. Also, large installed capacity can be achieved through a series of large and medium-sized projects that would be territorially distributed in order to reduce the simultaneity of production.


Mahkota Dewa [Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff) Boerl.] is one of herbal
plants which is accustomed to use by Indonesian, particularly its fruits, leaves,
and barks. Nevertheless, there is no study that have evaluated the chemical
properties nor extracts of the stem. This study elucidated the bioactivities and
antioxidant activity of mahkota dewa stem which is supported with extractive
compound analysis.
The base part of the stem was obtained from Depok, Sleman, DI
Yogyakarta. The stem powder of the base part in 40 mesh size was extracted
successively with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. The analysis of
extractive compound consisted of identification of secondary metabolites by
chemical reaction, thin layer chromatography, gas chromatography � mass
spectrometry (GC-MS), total phenolic compound, and flavonoid compound by
colorimetric method. Bioactivity experiments included antitermitic test to drywood
termites (Cryptotermes cynocephalus Light) and Brine Shrimp Lethality
Test (BSLT). Antioxidant activity was examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-
picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.
The analysis of extractive compound by qualitative method showed that
terpenoid, steroid, alkaloid, and saponin were detected. Further, the quantitative
analysis showed the low level of total phenolic compound while flavonoids were
not detected. GC-MS analysis showed the 11 main components. N-hexane and
ethyl acetate soluble fractions were toxic to dry-wood termites (termites mortality
of 41.67-95.00%) and exhibited the lowest weight loss of paper disc (0.37-1.60
mg). BSLT showed that all fractions were highly toxic and to be potential as an
anticancer agent (LC50 � 30 ppm). DPPH method gave the level of antioxidant
activity in relatively low inhibition values (7.59-18.12%).


We investigate the new family of late-transition-metal bis(imino)pyridine (BIMP) catalysts discovered by Brookhart's (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 4049) and Gibson's (Chem. Commun. 1998, 849) groups by means of theoretical model calculations. Reaction pathways and energetics for chain propagation and chain termination reactions are located. Quantum-mechanical/molecular-mechanical coupling is used to expose the differences between the original [2,6-bis(1-((2,6-isopropylphenyl)imino)ethyl)pyridine]cobalt(II) catalyst and its "generic" pendant, [2,6-bis(iminomethyl)pyridine]cobalt(II). We show that the activity of the [2,6-bis(1-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino)ethyl)pyridine]cobalt(II) catalyst is inhibited by steric crowding that imposes barriers on olefin capture and internal rearrangements, while at the same time increasing its activity by lowering the insertion barrier and increasing the chain termination barriers.


Inverse thermal history modeling is an effective tool to explore plausible time-temperature (t-T) histories that can be used to describe the geologic history of a sample. Although in some inverse m...


In this paper we study the exact controllability for 1-d bilinear wave equation. Then, we give a constructive approach of the bilinear controls that can steer the wave equation from its initial state to the desired one. Some numerical experiments and simulations are given.


At present, there exist mainly three obstacles in internet information searches, the unfavorable self-construction of internet information resources, inefficiency of searching engines and limited level of searchers. In view of the existing problems, we can establish corresponding searching strategies in the aspects of way of searching and procedure of searching.


There is now a wide consensus at recognizing social and economic circumstances as main determinants of an individual's health status. Nevertheless, characteristics relating to socioeconomic status (SES) are poorly described in research reports. The aim of the present review was to verify whether the SES of participants is adequately reported in interventional studies targeting Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to explore the impact of SES proxy measures on the efficacy of the considered medications.


Given the facets of a finite simplicial complex, we use wildcards to enumerate its faces in compressed fashion. Our algorithm, coded in high-level Mathematica code, compares favorably to the hardwired Mathematica command BooleanConvert (=exclusive sums of products). As to running time, depending on the particular problem instance, either method can excel. When our method wins it may not just beat BooleanConvert but also SatisfiabilityCount (although the latter is only asked to c o u n t). Independent of running time, our compression rate is always higher.


In order to represent cooperative multi-agents who must reason with uncertain knowledge, a coherent framework is necessary. We choose multiply sectioned Bayesian networks (MSBNs) as the basis for this study because they are based on well established theory on Bayesian networks and because they are modular. In this paper, we focus on the semantics of a MSBN-based multi-agent system (MAS) for cooperative distributed interpretation. In particular, we establish the conditions under which the joint probability distribution of a MSBN-based MAS can be meaningfully interpreted. These conditions imply that a coherent MSBN-based MAS can be constructed using agents built by different developers. We show how the conditions can be satisfied technically under such a context.


By using the microteaching method to design classroom teaching,We can develop the teachers' teaching ability;enhance the quality of the teachers;change the idea of education and foster the teachers' creativeness and practicalness.In this way,We can improve the teachers'moral character.


The paper introduces the function,structure,dataflow and analysis methods as well as the development background of the unit condition monitoring and trend analysis system of Three Gorges Left Bank Power Plant (TGLPP).According to the application performance,the system has become one of the key softwares for fault analysis and prevention of TGLPE It provides a strong technical support for safety production and"Creating the First Class"of the plant.


As computer science (CS) makes its way into K-12 classrooms, lack of teachers to teach CS and pedagogically-sound computing curricula remain significant challenges. Welldesigned online courses deployed on MOOC platforms could serve a crucial need. This paper describes our efforts to use the design-based research methodology to design a 6-week middle school course on the OpenEdX platform for blended in-class learning. Using past research in the learning sciences and computing education as a foundation as well as inspiration from 'Exploring CS' high school curriculum, this research adopted an iterative process to design and refine the course 'Foundations for Advancing Computational Thinking' (FACT, and empirically study the effectiveness of FACT for development of cognitive and non-cognitive aspects of deeper, transferable computational skills among young teens.


During the summer of 1963 some aspects of the biology and behavior of the harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex owyheei Cole, were studied in the Redmond area of central Oregon. The workers were found to be active outside the mound only when soil surface temperaures were within the range of 20° to 50°C. Observations on the clearing activity showed that the ants removed a total of 25 different plant species from the area around the mound, and the commonest plants thus removed were Bromus tectorum, Descurainia pinnatta , and Sisymbrium altissimum . Workers were found to forage seeds heavily within a 50-ft radius of the mound. Bromus tectorum, Phacelia linearis, Hordeum jubatum, Descurainia pinnata , and Sisymbrium altissimum were the species of seeds most foraged. A total of 31 different seed species were observed being foraged. Observations on the seasonal history and influence of temperature on the ants indicated that for most effective control with a slow-acting insecticidal bait, such as mirex, application should be made in June as soon as temperatures are well above the activity level of the ants and before the first brood of larvae has pupated.


ABSTRACT – A new case of Tangier disease is described. It is the 33rd case in world literature and only the 2nd in Italy.


In this paper, we consider the synthesis of decentralized dynamic compensators for large systems. The eliminant approach is used to obtain sufficient conditions for the existence of proper, stable, decentralized observer-controllers for stabilizing a large system. An illustrative example is given.


Based on the maximum-likelihood parameter estimation approach, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm is proposed in this paper. The proposed algorithm can directly calculate the absolute value of carrier frequency-deviation, and the precision of the proposed algorithm is independent of the input Signal-to-Noise. The proposed algorithm can be used to demodulate high data rate and bandwidth efficient QPSK signal, which is used in Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System(TDRSS).


The deposition of SiO2 films from novel alkoxysilane/O2 rf plasmas has been investigated using tetraethoxysilane and the novel alkoxysilanes, triethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, and trimethoxysilane. We have demonstrated that high quality SiO2 films can be deposited from each of these alkoxysilanes under similar conditions. For all precursors, film deposition rates decrease with the addition of O2. Using 20:80 alkoxysilane/O2 plasmas, film deposition rate decreases with increasing substrate temperature and plasma power, while the SiO2 film quality increases, as determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and wet etch rates. Substrate temperature appears to be the most influential deposition parameter, significantly affecting both composition and properties of the deposited SiO2 films. Measured apparent activation energies for SiO2 deposition from alkoxysilane/O2 plasmas are negative for all precursors. This suggests an adsorption/desorption-limited deposition mechanism controls f...


At presence sensor systems for automated real-time detection (and later on treatment) of weed are not available in products. So far different sensor techniques are still in an experimental stage. In order to improve and speed up the process of transferring scientific results into prototypes, reliable online measurements of the total weed population have come into focus. In order to fulfill conflicting specifications with respect to high selectivity and high-speed as well, a spectral imaging system has been developed thereby measuring plants in the mm-range at velocities up to 10 km/h. Advantage has been taken from a commercially available optical system, which scans one line thereby splitting each detection point in to a spectral pattern. The authors have combined the optics with new CMOS imaging technology and the development of specific electronic components. Moreover, a software for the configuration and control has been implemented. The spectral imaging system has been successfully implemented in a test module for first field tests. A trigger signal for an actuator is available and thus allows the local application of chemical weed control.


The invention relates to a pregermination method of leaf lettuce seeds. The pregermination method comprises the following steps: (1) wrapping the seeds with cloth, wherein the cloth size is selected according to the seed amount, so that seed washing during the pregermination process is facilitated; (2) putting the seeds wrapped with cloth into clean and cold water, and gently washing with hands for several times, so as to ensure that the seeds are fresh and clean; (3) soaking the seeds for 2-3 hours with cold water, taking out the soaked seeds, draining excess moisture, wrapping with a wet towel, and putting in a refrigerating chamber of a refrigerator; (4) taking out the seeds, washing the seeds and the towel, finally wrapping the seeds with the wet towel, and putting for pregermination at the room temperature. According to the pregermination method of leaf lettuce seeds provided by the invention, the germination survival rate of the seeds is high, the disease rate during later growth is low, and the operation is simple and feasible.


It is well known that the mean stress as well as the stress amplitude are often varied under the service loading conditions and the fatigue damage can be accumulated by the stress even below the fatigue limit. In this study, therefore, the effects of the mean stress on the behavior of cyclic plastic strain and on the fatigue life were investigated in both regions above and below the fatigue limit with the smooth specimens of a 0.38% carbon steel. Cumulative damage below the fatigue limit was examined by the repeated two-step tests composed of a single cycle of high level stress range-pair and a large number of low level stress range-pair, the mean stress of which was changed variously. Two effects of the mean stress were found; The one was the effect to cause one directional deformation which resulted in the increase of the plastic strain range-pair corresponding to the high level stress. The other was the damaging or strengthening effect, i. e. the tensile mean stress made the fatigue life shorter and the compressive one longer. This effect was found to be relatively marked at the low level of the mean stress. Moreover, it was noticed that, if the mean stress cyclically reversed, even the compressive mean stress might have the same damaging effect as the tensile one. (Received Mar. 19, 1980) キー ・ワー ド: 累積疲労損傷, 平均応力, 繰返 し塑 性ひずみ, 一方向変形, 2段 変動試験


Intraglottal air pressures during oscillation of a single vocal fold against an immobile opposing structure are of interest to surgery after unilateral vocal fold removal and the validity of pressure data in hemi‐laryngeal bench studies. Intraglottal pressures and flows within a static hemilarynx were studied using Plexiglas model M5 with removable vocal folds and FLUENT, a commercial code using the control‐volume technique. For a minimal diameter of 0.04 cm, an axial glottal length of 0.3 cm, and a vertical static opposing wall, data were collected for converging and diverging angles of 5, 10, and 20 (and 0) deg. Pressure distributions were obtained for transglottal pressures of 3 to 40 cm water. For divergent, zero, and smaller converging angles within the physical model, greater intraglottal velocities could be coaxed to favor one side or the other and were typically stable. The side of faster flow for divergent angles had lower pressure in the downstream third of the glottis ranging from approximately...


Polycrystalline α-GeO2, space group P3221, has been prepared by low-temperature chemical synthesis. α-GeO2 electronic structure has been evaluated comparatively by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ab initio calculations. The oxygen vacancies have been formed in α-GeO2 by Ar+ ion bombardment at ion energy 2.4 keV. The appearance of oxygen-vacancy-induced new states in the band gap has been detected by XPS and theoretical analysis. It has been shown that oxygen monovacancy generation provides defect states in the valence band, in the band gap, and in the conduction band.


AIM To develop a rapid and selective method for the determination of theophylline in blood by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).METHODS The drug was extracted from 0.1 mL blood using a protein precipitation with 0.9 mL acetonitrile and the supernatants were analyzed by positive electrospray ionization(ESI+).Data acquisition under MS/MS was achieved by applying multiple reaction monitoring(MRM) of two fragment ion transitions.RESULTS The chromatography was performed well and ran in 3 min.A linear relationship was used to perform the calibration over an analytical range of 20-1 000 μg·L-1.Limits of detection were found to be 10 μg·L-1.The method was simple and rapid,offering superior sensitivity and selectivity for theophylline and caffine simultaneously.CONCLUSION The method can be used successfully in clinical and forensic toxicology.


Leaf fall during the autumn season creates low adhesion problems on the railways. Traction gels are used to prevent low adhesion, but very little testing has been carried out to assess their performance. Views on their effectiveness vary and their usage is inconsistent across the UK network as a result. This work developed a range of full-scale laboratory and field tests that can be used to assess traction gel performance. The outcomes can lead to increased industry confidence in their ability to mitigate low adhesion, as well as in future product development. It was shown that as a wheel passes over a puddle of traction gel on a rail head, that the gel element is squeezed away leaving the solid particles behind, pick-up on the wheel of particles was also evident. Traction gels were shown to increase traction in full-scale laboratory friction tests in dry and low adhesion conditions. Field brake tests showed that braking was effective in low adhesion and dry conditions with traction gel applied, matching the laboratory test results. The traction gel was also shown to remove a leaf layer, artificially produced by running a DMU over leaf material on a test track. Subsequent work should validate the results on a working railway line during the autumn season.


Overvoltage is one of the important factors that cause line tripping and equipment damage. Accurate monitoring of transmission line overvoltage is of great significance for safe operation of power grid. In this paper, a transmission line overvoltage sensor based on the principle of coupled capacitance partial voltage is designed. The high voltage arm capacitance of the sensor is the stray capacitance between the sensor metal sheet and the earth, and the low pressure arm capacitance is the coupling capacitance between the sensor metal sheet and the wire. At first, the structure characteristics and sensor principle of the sensor are described, and the parameters of the sensor are calculated. The results show that the sensor has high detection accuracy and can realize overvoltage monitoring of transmission lines.


This study presents two different kinds of preliminary test estimators based on Type II censoredobservations in the two parameters exponential model. We deŞne MLE and MRE preliminary test estimatorsin the same fashion as in the ordinary preliminary test estimator using relevant combinations of MLE andMRE estimators. Exact bias and MSE expressions for the proposed estimators are derived . We compare theMSEs and obtain some intervals for the parameter of interest in which the preliminary test type estimatorsoutperforms the MLE and MRE estimators. Some graphical representations are given for the illustrationpurpose. Finally, we conclude this approach by a useful discussion for practical purposes and a summary


Homeopathy is a growing concern; it is producing results in many areas of health and agriculture worldwide. Clinical experience demonstrates that a homeopathic session and remedy are not only able to relieve symptoms and to provoke a curative process, but that homeopathy actually assists in creating healthy relationships, feelings of usefulness, meaningfulness, and many other conventionally-proven key factors in healing, health and quality of life. Homeopathy opens the door to the spiritual dimension of the human being, now recognized as an essential part of the human experience, and the healing process (footnote).


A semi-analytical method related to the effects of a weak shock wave on submerged evacuated cylindrical elastic structure is presented. The circular shell/acoustic medium interaction problem has already been tackled in the frequency domain with a full elastic model by Pathak and Stepanishen. The approach is based on the methods of Laplace transform in time, Fourier series expansions and separations of variables in space. The solution consists of simple matrix inversions for each point of the Laplace variable and Fourier mode, numerical inversions of the Laplace transforms and Fourier series summations. the method is shown by computing the shell response to a weak underwater explosion.


Electrochemical NO-to-NH3 reduction (NORR) offers an effective strategy to simultaneously realize polluted NO removal and valued ammonia production. Herein, defective BN nanosheets (D-BN) are firstly developed as a powerful non-metal...


The demonstration and partial characterization of androgen "receptors" in the epididymis of the rhesus monkey are reported. The affinity of specific binding sites for dihydrotestosterone was higher than that for testosterone while cortisol and corticosterone did not compete. Density gradient analysis of the cytosol revealed that macromolecules responsible for specific binding have a sedimentation coefficient of 8 S. The isoelectric point of the complex was 5.5 and thermoability was evidenced by the release of hormone during incubation at 27 degrees C (20% and 44% after 30 and 60 minutes, respectively.) A concomitant decrease in radioactivity bound to 8 S cytoplasmic components suggests the translocation into the nuclei of a modified 8 S-receptor complex. These data indicate the presence of similar cytoplasmic and nuclear androgen receptors in the monkey seminal vesicles and prostate gland.


Objective:To use antibiotics reasonably,prevent from iatrogenic infection Method:Fill in the investigation form for antibiotics use,and undergo analysis Result:There are 9 60% irreasonable use in prophylactic antibiotics use Resistance ratio to penicillin group and sulfonamide in iatrogenic infection bacteria is more than 70% Conclusion:We should undergo etiological examination and medicine sensitive experiment before using antibiotics Antibiotics should be used alternatively and gradually according to the change of drug resistance


The work is devoted to the study of the effect of vibration on the creation of a gradient layer in cast polymer composite materials. The influence of vibration frequency and vibration exposure time on the distribution of filler particles in a polymer matrix has been studied. The presented results can be used in the manufacture of cast parts for the needs of mechanical engineering from polymer composite materials with an increased content of particles of the dispersed phase.


The Raman cross-section from a molecule is believed to enhance by more than 10 orders of magnitude when it is adsorbed on a cluster of silver nanoparticles. These large enhancements are attributed to the resonant excitation of the surface plasmon modes of the cluster those have very large localized electric field near its surface. The resonant position and the electric field of these modes are very sensitive to the structure of metal particles and the size and shape of the cluster. Using multiple scattering in the wave-vector space between the individual particles in the cluster we have calculated the resonant position of these modes and their enhanced electric field for clusters of different shape formed from two, three, and four nanospheres and nanoshells. We find the maximum enhancement in the cross-section can reach up to 10 orders of magnitude for silver particle clusters. We also find important new results for the chain like clusters of three or more particles where there is a dramatic increase in the enhancement due to very sharp resonant features of the modes. These features may be helpful in identifying the cluster shape and size in the surface enhanced Raman scattering experiments.


Doug Fishbone is a Jewish American artist living in London. John Apea is a Ghanaian actor, writer and filmmaker. Together they have made a film, Elmina (2010), that bears all the hallmarks of the Nollywood genre film—a melodramatic plot, occult rituals, sex, infidelity, betrayal, greed, human sacrifice and larger than life performances. Except that the lead character, a Ghanaian farmer by the name of Ato Blankson, is played by Doug Fishbone, who is white—"obroni"—and nobody in the film seems to notice. What is he doing there? What is the film all about? Is it popular melodrama for a local audience or avant-garde art for a Western(ized) elite? These are the questions this article tries to answer.


Early patents for the Magnetically Impelled Arc Butt process (MIAB) date back to 1940 [1] and the basic principles of the process have remained unchanged from this time. The process was however refined in the 1970s for use in the production of automotive components and has been used extensively in this area. Investigation of the process for pipe girth welding have been reported and commercial pipe welding heads are reported to be available in the Ukraine [2], Although the process is well established it is believed that a more fundamental analysis of the mechanisms involved would assist in the optimisation of operating parameters. The current work is aimed at modeling the process to assist in its development for small diameter thin walled transmission and distribution pipelines. The paper describes the initial steps in this research.


The present disclosure describes a device with a valve (24), and a long shape memory alloy element (28). The valve (24) comprises a lever (32) in the first position, the valve by the lever (32) in a first position (24) is closed. Long shape memory alloy element (28) has a first end connected to the lever (32) to (30). Shape memory alloy element (28) is pulled to have a first length, at least a portion of the shape memory alloy element (28), the shape temperature of austenite transformation temperature of the memory alloy element (28) or by exposure to temperatures in excess of the austenite transformation temperatures, by reducing the shape memory alloy element (28) to a second length less than the first length, a first end of the shape memory alloy element (28) (30), leading the lever (32) to a second position, the valve (24) is opened.


We examine the effect of dependent scattering on absorption in disordered media consisting of highly scattering scatterers. The present work is of practical importance in modeling light absorptance in random media, for applications like solar energy concentration, micro/nanofluids, etc.


THE ELEVATION shows the large amount of window space available for light and ventilation, which, combined with the wide roadway and comparatively low building opposite, makes the premises very light and airy. THE ENTRANCE HALI. is decorated in Marble, the flooring heing black and white, and the panelling on the walls and the balustrade dove-coloureci ; rounded inside corners are constructed on the steps. At the end of the Lower and Upper Halls are the entrances to the ground floor and to the Gallery of the Parkes Museum.


Objective: To observe the kidney with wet method for acute gouty arthritis( AGA)( Rat) in Rat serum interleukin- 2( IL- 2) and interleukin- 16( IL- 16) expression level,explore the mechanism of action of prevention and cure of kidney method with wet AGA. Methods: 84 SD rats were randomly divided into: blank group,model group,Chinese medicine control group( group gout shu),western medicine control group( colchicine group) and traditional Chinese medicine compound high,medium and low dose group,a total of 7 groups,each group of 12. The uric acid sodium( MSU) oxygen oxazine acid potassium( OXO) induced rat AGA model,using enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA),between groups of rats was detected in serum IL- 2,the content of IL- 16. Results: The contents of IL- 2,IL- 16 model significantly higher than the blank group( P 0. 01); Control group in Chinese medicine,western medicine control group,traditional Chinese medicine compound is low,medium and high dose group of IL- 2,IL- 16 levels were lower in the model group( P 0. 01); Traditional Chinese medicine compound in dose group compared with the traditional Chinese medicine control group with significant difference( P 0. 01); TCM compound in low dose group and traditional Chinese medicine compound,high dose group compared with significant difference( P 0. 01),Chinese medicine compound dose group compared with the western medicine control group no significant difference.Conclusion: Kidney lishi method of traditional Chinese medicine compound can inhibit the acute gouty arthritis rats IL- 2,the expression of IL- 16,for the prevention and treatment of AGA has certain effect.


In June 1991 the Sun produced a series of six X-class flares. For the flare event on 15 Ju e 1991 there exists a rich set of measurements, including Hα, radio and microwaves, X-rays, gamma-rays, neutrons and interplanetary protons. Using some of these measurements we are able to obtain a composite photon spectrum spanning the energy range from about 25 keV to 4 GeV. From the gamma-ray and neutron results of COMPTEL and GAMMA-1 we can deter min the spectrum of the accelerated protons. We find that COMPTEL gamma-ray data ar e consistent with a proton power law spectrum with index 3.3 over the energy range 10–200 MeV. To simulta neously fit the higher energy GAMMA-1 measurements, the spectrum must steepen at a few hundr ed MeV. INTRODUCTION The flare on 15 June was one in a series of six X-class flares that all originate d from the same active region, NOAA 6659. The event was well observed including photons in different energy regi mes and particle data. For three of these flares, extended gamma-ray emission on ti me scales of many hours was measured by different instruments (see Rank et al., this volume). We used gamma-ray measurements of the instruments BATSE and COMPTEL onboard CGRO and GAMMA-1 on the GAMMA satellite to construct a composite gamma-ray spe ctrum over a wide energy range. We also used the different gamma-ray measurements of COMPTE L and GAMMA1 and the neutron measurements of COMPTEL and GAMMA-1 to construct the spectr um of the accelerated particles during the extended phase. Basic data on the instrument s and the observations are given in table 1. Table 1: Energy Ranges and Observation Times Instrument Measurement Energy Time Interval COMPTEL γ-rays 1 – 30 MeV 9:02 9:40 UT Neutrons 10 – 100 MeV 9:02 9:40 UT (arrival) 8:10 9:10 UT (production) BATSE HXR/γ-rays 25 keV – 2 MeV 9:02 9:40 UT GAMMA-1 γ-rays 30 MeV – 5 GeV 8:37 9:00 UT OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS A Composite Gamma-Ray Spectrum of the Extended Phase We used the data from three gamma-ray telescopes with different energy range s to construct a combined photon spectrum ranging over four decades in energy from 25 keV to 5 GeV. The spect rum reflects the emitted gamma-ray flux during the extended phase of the 15 June flare and is shown in figure 1. Fig. 1: Composite spectrum for the extended phase of the 15 June 1991 flare. The CGRO spectra have been scaled up by a factor of about 4 to compensate for the different observation times . The spectra cannot be compared directly, since CGRO and GAMMA-1 did not observe th Sun concurrently. It has been pointed out by Akimov et al. (1994) and others that both gamma -r y time profiles follow the measured microwave emission at different fre quencies remarklably well. We integrated the microwave curve at 9.1 GHz as measured at Zimenki stati on (published in Kocharov et al. 1994) for both observation intervals. From this we conclude that the emission has decreased by a factor of about 4 from the earlier (GAMMA-1) to the later (CGRO) observati on. The BATSE results are from the public data archive and we use spectra of the most sunward LAD detector consisting of four energy channels. The three lower channels contain pr edominantely source signal and the background can be easily accounted for. The highest channel from 300 keV to 1.9 MeV, however, needs a more sophisticated background subtraction treatment a nd is omitted here. The BATSE data points can be represented by a power law of index -3.5. The COMPTEL datapoints are given as a histogram with about 2 σ energy resolution. All data above 8 MeV are combined into three data points. Different deconvolved spectra of the GAMMA-1 data have been published. We have included the deconvolution of four authors in the plot (see the references for further details on the methods). The spectrum shows a power law continuum of the primary electrons below about 1 MeV a nd lines dominate over this continuum in the MeV range. The BATSE and COMPTEL spect ra fit well together, although the actual increase of the nuclear emission around 800 keV is not repr esented. The GAMMA-1 spectra differ by more than an order of magnitude on the low end of the se nsitivity range. While the spectrum of Akimov et al (1996) looks like an almost pure π0 spectrum with a sharp turnover at lower energies, all others have a monotonically decreasing shape and imply a strong component of charged pions. COMPTEL also measures significant emission over the electronic continuum in the 8–30 MeV band. This fits well with the GAMMA-1 deconvolutions that predic t a stronger emission at lower energies but agrees poorly with the Akimov et al ( 1996) spectrum. The Accelerated Proton Spectrum To investigate the accelerated proton spectrum between about 10 and 200 MeV we first use gammaray and neutron results from COMPTEL. The proton spectrum is assumed to be a pow er law of the form NP ∝ E S. The methods are probing proton energies in the range of 10–200 MeV. 10–100 MeV Neutrons COMPTEL can image solar neutrons (see McConnell et al. 1993) and measure the indivi dual neutron energies. The measured neutron spectrum depends on both NP and S. However, as the neutron spectrum at these energies flattens out, it is not very sensitive on S. The deduced values span a wide range withS< 4:2 (Nieminen 1997). Fluence in the 4–7 MeV band The emission in the 4–7 MeV energy band is dominated by prompt nuclear lines. By compar ing with theoretical models of nuclear emission (Ramaty et al. 1993) we determined the combinations ofNP andS that can explain the observed fluence. Fluence ratio between 2.2 MeV line and 4–7 MeV band This ratio sets rather narrow limits on the spectal index. However, it onl y is sensitive to the spectral shape and provides no information on the absolute number of protons. Using the calculations of Hua & Lingenfelter (1987) we find a fluence ratio of 0 :8 0:15. For isotropically interacting protons, this indicates a spectral index for the protons of S= 3:3 0:2. The resulting parameter space for the extended phase spectrum of the 15 June 1991 flare w ith all three estimates is shown in figure 2. We obtain a best-fit proton spectrum w ith an index ofS= 3:3 0:1 and a number of interacting protons of NP(> 30MeV) = (2:9 0:4)1032. The power law spectrum for the 10–200 MeV protons obtained from COMPTEL data predicts a higher>100 MeV gamma-ray fluence from pion decay than is actually measured by GAMMA1. To explain both measurements, we assume a broken power law of the form NP ∝ E S for E < 300MeV NP ∝ E (S+D) for E > 300MeV whereD is on the order of 2. Such a proton spectrum has a turnover at a few hundered MeV. From spectral studies of the GAMMA-1 data alone, a hard spectrum ( S= 3) seems to be required for gamma-energies above 1 GeV (Galper et al. 1995). Fig. 2: Parameter space in number of accelerated protons (N) and spectral index (S). Method (a) uses 10–100 MeV neutron measurements, method (b) the fluence of the 4–7 MeV band and method (c) the 2.2 MeV line / 4–7 MeV band fluence ratio. 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These systems for automatic product handling and inspection have proven themselves successful—continued development of low-cost pattern recognition hardware promises many more such systems.


Use of Antioxidants in Intensive Care Patients This article summarizes the available clinical studies regarding an antioxidative treatment in critically ill patients. There are several lines of evidence showing an increased oxidative stress during critical illness. The oxidative damage to cells and tissues possibly contributes to organ failure. Therefore a prophylactic or preventive treatment with antioxidants should reduce the oxidative stress and lead to an improved pathophysiological situation in critically ill patients. The results of the clinical studies found in the literature are contradictory because of heterogeneous patient populations, different antioxidants (single substances or combinations), different quantities, application times, start and/or duration of the study. From the present clinical data no firm conclusion for antioxidative treatment in critically ill patients can be drawn. Nevertheless, there is sufficient evidence from experimental studies suggesting that antioxidative therapy is an interesting treatment concept during critical illness.


The success of a study in geostatistics depends partially on the intrinsic characteristics of the soil. This study aimed to identify and compare the spatial variability of soil properties in different physiographic units in Great Meandros Plain, Turkey. Soil samples were collected in Yuvaca (the river terrace), Kopru (the bottom of delta on the edge of a lagoon), and Sarikemer (the back of the delta). Soils were sampled from the soil surface in 10 ha field using a regular grid with a 100 m distance in all fields. The numbers of the soil samples collected are 117 in Yuvaca and Kopru and 118 in Sarikemer. Volumetric soil moisture content (SMC), EC, and soil texture were used for geostatistical analyzing. The semivariogram parameters and kriged contour maps showed different figures due to different intrinsic characteristics of the soils. Compared with Yuvaca and Sarikemer, Kopru showed very low nugget values and high range values. For instance sand and silt percentages in Kopru resulted in very low nugget values (0.0001 ve 0.001) and high range values (805 m ve 744 m). Spherical variograms were adapted for all the properties except clay in Kopru. Although the coefficient of variation of the parameters was higher in Kopru than in the other areas, according to geostatistical calculations the lower nugget percentage and greater range indicated that there was strong spatial dependence. Dissimilarity in the fields resulted in statistically different correlations among the variables.


Migration takes place due to various social, cultural, economic or political reasons. Previous Census reports of India show that employment-induced out-migration is a common feature of several states like Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and other states. In the case of Kolkata, informal labours have enormous employment opportunities in big business centres and small manufacturing units of the city. With the help of D-series Census Data of the years 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011, this study focuses on the migration pattern and the reasons for migration to Kolkata. Secondary data fails to give an idea about the migration pattern of non-Bengali informal labours in the city. Through intensive field survey, the present study tries to identify the dominance of non-Bengali single (without family) male labour migration and to explore the migration streams to the informal sectors of Kolkata. With the help of both secondary data on migration over different decades and by using the primary data, the article argues that non-Bengali migrants represent the informal labour community in Kolkata especially from undivided Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, and the pattern of migration is mainly occupation-induced single male labour migration.


Discloses a system and method for transmitting an emergency alert. In some embodiments, the sensor device may be used and the wearable communication device and transmits an emergency triggering an alarm and / or warning signal via. Also disclosed is a multimedia emergency alert, including situational awareness for effective and efficient response to an emergency.


Node localization is one of the prerequisites for the applications of Wireless Sensor Networks. To solve the high overhead problem caused by the requirement for the anchor node density, mobile anchor node(MA) is used instead of the static anchor node. Due to the moving path of MA will determine the node positioning coverage and accuracy, a mobile anchor node localization algorithm based on hexagon (mobile anchor based on hexagon, MABH) is proposed. In the algorithm, the MA moves in six directions according to the hexagon in the deployment area, and its path is planned based on the real-time information of the unknown node, the number of neighbor nodes of the unknown nodes are used to determine the position of MA. The simulation results show that MABH can effectively avoid the traversal of the non nodal region, shorten the path length, it is advantageous in node location coverage, positioning speed and power consumption, and can guarantee smaller positioning error, especially for the irregular network environment.


INTRODUCTION This paper focuses on the development of optimal deterministic, nonlinearly coupled barge motion models, identification of their system parameters and calibration of their prediction capability using experimental results. The ultimate objective is to develop accurate yet sufficiently low degree-offreedom stochastic models suitable for efficient probabilistic stability and reliability analyses of US Naval barges for preliminary design and operation guideline development (see Part II). First a three-degree-of-freedom (3DOF) fully coupled Roll-Heave-Sway model, which features realistic and practical high-degree polynomial approximations of rigid body motion relations, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic force-moment specifically suitable for barges, is examined. The hydrostatic force-moment relationship includes effects of the barge's sharp edge and combined roll-heave states, and the hydrodynamic terms are in a "Morison" type quadratic form. System parameters of the 3DOF model are identified using physical model test results from several regular wave cases. The predictive capability of the model is then calibrated using results from a random wave test case. Recognizing the negligible sway influence on coupled roll and heave motions and overall barge stability, and in an attempt to reduce anticipated stochastic computational efforts in stability analysis, a 2DOF Roll-Heave model is derived by uncoupling sway from the roll-heave governing equations of motion. Time domain simulations are conducted using the (3DOF) Roll-Heave-Sway and the (2DOF) Roll-Heave models for regular and random wave cases to validate the model assumptions and to assess their (numerical) prediction capabilities. In the design of ship-to-shore transport cargo barges, it is essential to determine barge stability for a range of operational and survival sea conditions. In general, the barges will operate in a variety of directional seastates. However, the most unstable scenario is if the barges broach and become broadside to the waves in the so called "beam seas" and may incur large amplitude three-degrees of freedom (3DOF) -roll, heave and sway motions with the possibility of capsizing [1]. Many researchers further reduced the DOF of the systems to that of roll only by taking advantage of the dominant roll behavior [27]. Parameters for the coefficients of nonlinear roll motions were determined [8] and the roll motions characteristics of full scale ships were examined [9]. A stochastic approach to the analysis of noisy periodic roll motions was proposed [10]. This paper presents a deterministic 3DOF Roll-HeaveSway model [7, 11], and a corresponding two-degree-offreedom (2DOF) Roll-Heave model [12-13], to predict barge motion responses. These low DOF models, with high-degree polynomial approximations of force and moment relationships, capable of capturing the important nonlinear characteristics of the coupled nonlinear responses for large roll angle motions, will be used in the development of efficient stochastic models for preliminary design and response predictions under operational and survival conditions (see Part II). In research conducted earlier at Oregon State University, a one-degree-of-freedom (1DOF) system [10] was developed to model pure roll motion of a barge in random beam seas. Nonlinearities of the model include the righting moment and fluid-structure viscous effects. Hydrodynamic and structural damping effects were approximated by a linear term plus a Copyright © 2004 by ASME 1 "Morison" type quadratic term [14]. The righting moment included nonlinear stiffness terms to provide a more accurate restoring moment at larger roll angles. This 1DOF model was compared with measured barge motion data and was found capable of reasonable predictions in terms of statistical moments, spectral densities, and histograms. ( ) ( ) M I dt d F mv dt d = = ω ; (1) An inertial coordinate system is placed at the location of the prescribed body-fixed "roll center" of the barge under static equilibrium. Note the inertial coordinate system coincides with the body-fixed (moving) coordinate system initially. Static roll righting moments and heave buoyant restoring forces are calculated as a function of the position and rotation of the barge about the roll center. Equilibrium of forces and moments are considered about the roll center (the position of which is time dependent with respect to the inertia coordinates) with heave and sway directions respect to the inertial coordinates. In this study, we focus our discussion on a three-degreesof-freedom (3DOF) deterministic model including the nonlinear coupling effects of roll, heave and sway motions [1, 11]. This 3DOF model is expected to improve the predictive capability at large roll angles over the 1DOF system because the heave and sway coupling effects with the roll through hydrostatics and rigid body kinematics are included, and significantly higher degree polynomial approximations are employed. The equations of motion of the rigid barge including hydrostatics are first derived. Waves are then applied and terms modeling the hydrodynamic properties are added. Relative motion effects of the barge with respect to the free surface are included. The effects due to hydrostatics are represented with sufficiently high degree polynomials in the model. Various degree polynomials were examined to identify an optimum fit. Because the edges of the barge are sharp, fairly high degree polynomials are required. The coupling effects of sway on roll-heave response prediction are examined using the Roll-Heave-Sway model and a corresponding (2DOF) rollheave model with similar parameters. The body-fixed coordinates are defined such that X = Surge, Y = Sway, Z = Heave, φ = Roll, Θ = Pitch, and ψ = Yaw (Fig. 1). For the (body-fixed) coordinate system origin, the roll center is at the center of gravity of barge and the coordinate system axes are aligned with the principal axes of inertia. One of the main objectives in this study is to extend the equations of motion for a SDOF system in roll to a multi-DOF system. For a symmetric barge in beam seas, the dominant response will be in sway, heave and roll. The surge, pitch and yaw motions become negligible [11-13]. Equation (1) now becomes,     − − =       − + =     − − =


The work-study coherent pattern is one of the most effective methods for training the talents with higher technology and ability.This paper discusses some key aspects on how to carry out the teaching activity of the "Taking Post and Practice" work-study coherent training pattern in our academy's automobile specialty.


In early years settings we hold an important key to shaping every child's future. It is crucial for us to have an awareness surrounding inclusion and to find ways to help children embrace an inclusive society.


The study investigated the effects of ethnicity and nonverbal style on interpersonal attraction in university students. Sixty-four Palagi (white New Zealand) women participated in the research and were randomly assigned to interview either a Palagi or Samoan student in a study on friendship. Female confederates, who posed as interviewees, responded with a pre-rehearsed script and exhibited either a Palagi or Samoan nonverbal style. After conclusion of the interview, subjects completed a questionnaire about the project, including their perceptions of the interviewee confederate. A2 × 2 analysis of variance revealed a main effect of nonverbal style on ratings of interpersonal attractiveness: subjects preferred confederates who displayed culturally congruent (Palagi) nonverbal behaviors. There were no significant effects, however, for ethnicity or for the ethnicity by style interaction.


Though rare in cervical cancer patients, paraneoplastic syndrome usually presents with several endocrine and hormonal symptoms. Knowledge of the pathophysiology that underlies these abnormalities is beneficial to diagnosis and treatment. An interdisciplinary approach and test analysis prior to initiating specific treatment is recommended, though prognosis appears poor in advanced cases.


"Cultural Policy: Management, Value and Modernity in the Creative Industries." Dave O'Brien. Routledge. October 2013. --- Drawing on a range of case studies, including analysis of the reality of work in the creative industries, urban regeneration and current government cultural policy in the UK, this book discusses the idea of value in the cultural sector, showing how value plays out in cultural organizations. Ruth Adams finds that Dave O'Brien's contribution functions effectively as a primer on the topic, but has sufficient depth to yield useful insight to students and researchers at all levels, and beyond university into the workplace.


Maritime cognitive radio networks (MCRNs) have recently been proposed for opportunistic utilization of the licensed band. Spectrum sensing is one of the key issues for the successful deployment of the MCRNs. The maritime environment is unique in terms of radio wave propagation over water, surface reflection and wave occlusions. In order to deal with the challenging maritime environment, we proposed an optimal entropy-based cooperative spectrum sensing. As the results of spectrum sensing are sensitive to the number of samples in an entropy-based local detection scheme, we first calculated the optimal number of samples. Next, a cooperative spectrum sensing scheme considering the conditions of the sea environment is proposed. Finally, the throughput optimization of the m-out-of-n rule is considered. Results revealed that although the existing schemes work well for the lower sea states, they fail to perform at higher sea states. Moreover, simulation results also indicated the robustness of the entropy-based scheme and the proposed cooperative spectrum sensing scheme at higher sea states in comparison with the traditional energy detector.


The trend in semiconductor manufacturing over the last decade has been an accelerated rate for both materials integration and wafer fabrication process development. While the cutting edge of semiconductor technology is driven by digital logic and memory applications, several other technology sectors benefit from innovation by the leaders. Of these technology sectors, image sensor manufacturers have realized many benefits from the selective use of developments within advanced technology node manufacturing. The motivations for the imaging industry to pursue Moore's Law type of scaling are comparable to that of the broader semiconductor industry. Additionally, image sensor companies seek a reduction of camera module form factor, an increase in pixel resolution, and an increase in pixel array performance. Today, semi-professional grade digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) pixels have scaled down to the size of what were state-of-the-art "small pixel" consumer grade camera phone sensors just a few years ago. The pixel size of recent camera phones has shrunk to 1.12 μm. The resolution for recent camera phones has reached 16.4 Mp. Beyond silicon foundry processes, imaging companies must also concern themselves with the optical systems and packaging solutions required to integrate their silicon devices with the consumer electronics supply chain. Chipworks, as a supplier of competitive intelligence to the semiconductor and electronics industries, monitors the evolution of image sensor technologies as they come into production. Chipworks has obtained charge-coupled devices (CCD) and CMOS image sensor (CIS) chips from leading manufacturers and performed structural, compositional, and design analyses to benchmark the technology of the market leaders.


Anti-T, antibodies (Hazelton Laboratories, Gaithersburg, Maryland) were immobilized on quartz fibers (1 mm x 30 mm) by three different methods. The first method activates the matrix hydroxyl groups with p-toluene sulfonyl chloride (TSC), the second method activates the -OH groups with p-nitrophenyl chloroformate (NPCF), and the third method requires initial silanization using 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde:


Abstract Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) has been used to control infestations of Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, but its effectiveness has not been reported from controlled efficacy studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of KMnO4 to the I. multifiliis theront and the concentration needed to prevent an initial infestation of I. multifiliis in juvenile channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus and blue tilapia Tilapia aurea. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis theronts were exposed to concentrations of KMnO4 in 100 μL of well water in 96-well plates and observed for 4 h to determine the acute toxicity. A concentration of 0.9 mg KMnO4/L caused greater than 95% mortality of the theronts in 4 h in well water; the 4-h LC50 (concentration lethal to 50% of test animals) value was estimated to be 0.77 mg/L. Juvenile channel catfish were exposed to 10,000 theronts/L of well water and immediately treated with a single dose of KMnO4. Infestation occurred in controls 6 d after exposure. The lowest eff...


Surfacewave theory was firstly proposed by Rayleigh which can be used in even medium; many other learners developed Rayleigh抯 theory and proposed another theory which can be used in layered medium. But all of the methods are based on semi-infinite elastic space; there is a little research in the medium which has the limited dimension in horizontal direction, such as the deep-mixing wall. According to the boundary condition, the deep-mixing wall can be simplified as plane-stress, plane-strain and elastic restriction. Author finds that the Rayleigh wave抯 velocities are almost the same in the three conditions as in the semi-infinite elastic space and check out the result by the model-test in laboratory so as to provide the scientific testimony for the Rayleigh wave抯 application to limited dimension medium.


Article history: Received 01 Jul., 2010 Accepted 28 Oct., 2010 Canola is a significant oilseed crop adapted to Pakistan. Often sulphur and nitrogen limited the crop growth, yield and quality. Studies were carried out to assess the influence of different levels of sulphur (0, 20, 40, 60 kg ha -1 ) and nitrogen (0, 40, 80, 120 kg ha -1 ) fertilization. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement consisting of three replications and data regarding various growth and yield parameters of canola were recorded using the standard procedures. The results revealed that increasing rate of sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) enhanced leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR). The highest seed yield (3406.21 kg ha -1 ) was obtained in T6 (60 kg ha -1 P and 120 kg ha -1 N) followed by T5 (40 kg ha -1 S and 120 kg ha -1 N) treatment which gave 3388.91 kg ha -1 seed yield while minimum seed yield (1417.02 kg ha -1 ) was recorded in case of control i.e. with no S and N. Oil content progressively increased with increase of S level with N highest (42.73%) with a S level of 40 kg ha -1 . So it was concluded that maximum seed yield and oil content can be obtained when the crop was fertilized @ 40 kg ha -1 S and 120 kg ha -1 N. In crux the combined effect of S and N


According to essential of thermoelectric cost-apportion, the question between the multiformity of cogeneration and adaptability of thermoelectric cost-apportion is discussed. In addition, the conception of product degree coefficient is submitted and the resolvent of question on diverse cogeneration is discussed.


In this paper we study iterative algorithms for finding a common element of the set of fixed points of $\kappa$-strict pseudocontractions or finding a solution of a variational inequality problem for a monotone, Lipschitz continuous mapping. The last problem being related to finding fixed points of pseudocontractions. These algorithms were already studied in [G.L. Acedo, H.-K. Xu] and [N. Nadezhkina, W. Takahashi] but our aim here is to provide the links between these know algorithms and the general framework of ${\cal T}$-class algorithms studied in [H.H. Bauschke, P.L. Combettes].


In this paper, the issue of automatically classifying M-ary frequency shift keying (MFSK) signals contaminated by additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is considered, which is blind in nature since the modulation parameters of a received MFSK signal such as frequency deviation that may vary over a large range are unknown in advance. Based on the properties of the spectra of MFSK signals, we present a new classification algorithm which only requires some knowledge that can be obtained through the front-end processing. In simulation, the proposed algorithm can classify 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-, and 32-FSK signals with an overall success rate higher than 99% when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is greater than or equal to 5 dB. To examine its effectiveness with MFSK data received from real-world communications systems, it has been applied to 2-, 4-, and 8-FSK data available in a Web site, resulting in an overall success rate of 89.1%. It is clear that the proposed algorithm has made a step towards practical and blind MFSK signal classification.


INTRODUCTION Gravity in geophysics is an efficient approach to analyze the Earth crust structure, in mineral exploration, Hydrocarbon exploration, hydrogeology, glaciology, etc. The inversion of gravity data to achieve the basement relief of a sedimentary basin has been performed as a common task bythe nonlinear techniques [1, 2, 3]. The bottom relief determination of the sedimentary basin is an essential step in Hydrocarbon exploration for prospecting the location of possible stratigraphic traps [4]. It is used in hydrogeology studies to understand the geological structure of aquifers [5, 6], and it is used for reaching the flow rate of discharge in glaciology [7, 8, 9].


The term phytoremediation comprises all processes involved in the remediation of contaminated soils, sediments and aquifer systems by the selection and usage of plants, microorganisms and enzymes and the application of agronomic techniques to degrade, retain, immobilize or reduce contaminated environments to non-toxic levels. Treatment by phytoremediation technique is not based on low costs. Many different types of biomass recycling may be used as fertilizers, animal meal, energy generator, fabrication of paper, protein extraction for diets, extraction of chemically active compounds for use as plant growth stimulant. Phytoremediation may be classified according to the technique employed, to the type of chemical or pollutant. Solutions may be undertaken by phytoextraction, phytostabilization, phytostimulation, phytovolatilization and phytodegration. Current research reviews aspects of phytoremediation by plants with special focus on the characteristics of phytoremediating plants, improvements and applications of the technique and of phytoremediation mechanisms.


The objective of the paper is to analyze the effect of accessibility to employment on population location patterns in the city of Salvador, Brazil, considering different urban transportation facilities. In particular, the paper also investigates the spatial distribution of whites and blacks in this city, based on the relationship between densities and accessibility, in a polycentric spatial configuration of location of employment centers. The research is situated in the empirical context of the urban economy and the economics of accessibility. The identification of the causal effect between population density and accessibility will be carried using a cross-section database by subareas of city traffic, controlling for historical, geographical and location components, as well as the respective application of the instrumental variable estimator. Different methodologies were used to calculate an accessibility indicator, a population density gradient and the generation of an instrumental hydrographic variable based on the location of the river bed of the city of Salvador to solve problems of simultaneity between accessibility and density population. The results showed that the factors of access to employment opportunities had a positive and statistically significant effect on the population density. This applies to blacks and whites, regardless of the technology used, car or bus.


Along with crossed electric and magnetic fields in a Hall thruster, a radial component of electric field is generated that takes ions toward the walls, which causes sputtering and produces dust contamination in the thruster plasma. Considering negatively charged dust particles in the Hall thruster, we approach analytically the resistive instability by taking into account the oscillations of dust particles, ions and electrons along with finite temperatures of ions and electrons. In typical Hall thruster regimes, the resistive instability growth rate increases with higher collision rates in the plasma, stronger magnetic field but it decreases with higher mass of the dust and higher temperature of the ions and electrons. In comparison with dust-free models, the presence of dust results into a drop of the resistive instability growth rate by three orders of magnitude, but the growth rate increases slowly for dust densities within the typical range.


Abstract The global, Taiwan's and Chinese cultures have been vying for support from people in today's Taiwan. This paper attempts to evaluate the glocalization hypothesis by way of an explanation. Using recent data collected in 2018 by the Taiwan Social Change Survey, it is found that acceptance of Chinese culture is high, despite the political tension across the Taiwan Strait. In contrast, global culture is least well received. Regression estimation of the influence of global exposure (measured by border crossing, transnational networking and consumption of foreign food) on support for the three cultures provides only weak supporting evidence. In contrast, ethnic origin plays a key role when it comes to accepting Taiwanese or Chinese culture.


Akey long-term problem facing our species is sustainability, that is, in a well known, but somewhat simplified definition, a world development, "which meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." With urban areas now home to about half of the world's population and an even larger portion, about four-fifths, in developed countries, global sustainability is becoming ever more a problem of urban sustainability. Urban sustainability represents the intersection of two enormous and increasingly overlapping challenges: that of urbanization and that of sustainability. (See Figure 1.) A focus on urban sustainability must involve by necessity science ("What do we know?"), technology ("What can we do?"), and the development of appropriate policies ("What do we want to do?"). Physical, biological, social, and environmental sciences are needed to understand both the urban phenomenon and the complex question of sustainability; technology (that is, engineering, health care, agriculture, and other activities that modify nature) is needed to translate our understandings into designs and functions that enhance urban and global sustainability; appropriate policies are needed to respond to these scientific understandings and technological capabilities. The purpose of this paper is to present three sets of questions about urban sustainability, with particular focus on science, technology, and pertinent policies: Urban Sustainability: Science, Technology, and Policies 1


The Lunar Prospector (LP) Gamma-Ray Spectrometer (GRS) has been used to map the global composition of thorium on the lunar surface. Previous LP results of relative thorium abundances demonstrated that thorium is highly concentrated in and around the nearside western maria and less so in the South Pole Aitken (SPA) basin. Using new detector modeling results and a larger data set, the authors present here a global map of absolute thorium abundances on a 2{degree} by 2{degree} equal-area pixel scale. Because thorium is a tracer of KREEP-rich material, these data provide fundamental information regarding the locations and importance of terranes that are rich in KREEP bearing materials.


Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is an environmentally benign and inexpensive means of providing plants with nitrogen, but is currently not possible in non-legume grain crops. This study examines nitrogen fixing paranodules that developed on wheat (Triticum aestivum ) roots after treatment with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or Bacillus polymyxa 43, a mixed culture of diazotroph bacteria Xanthomonas sp. and Arthrobacter sp. (XA) or their combination. The formation of paranodules 1 mm in diameter was observed two weeks after planting. The size of paranodules did not increase during subsequent plant growth. Light microscopic examination and scanning electron microscope showed a large number of bacteria within the mucigel. In ultra thin sections of the nodule, bacterial cells were found in the intercellular space of the paranodules. In the latter case, most microorganisms were oriented along the plant cell wall. The active functioning of introduced cultures within the paranodules was evidenced by the presence of dividing bacterial cells and bacteria surrounded by zones of lysis. The maximum nitrogen fixing activity was observed in wheat co-treated with 2,4-D and mixed culture of XA. This study supports the ability of a current wheat variety to form root paranodulation and nitrogen fixation by a naturally occurring soil diazotroph, and to benefit from the relation by increased biomass and protein. Key words : Arthrobacter sp., biological nitrogen fixation, paranodule, wheat, Xanthomonas sp.


Canine coronavirus (CCoV) exists in types I and II and infects dogs leading mainly to enteritis, though type II has already been associated with generalized and highly lethal infection. A CCoV-type II inactivated vaccine produced in A72 canine cells is available worldwide and largely used, though the molecular stability after serial passages of vaccine seeds is unknown. This article reports the evolution of the CCoV-II vaccine strain 1-71 in A72 cells based on partial S gene sequencing, showing the predominance of neutral evolution and the occurrence of four sites under purifying selection. Thus, cell-adapted strains of CCoV-II may be genetically stable after serial passages in a same cell line due to a stable virus-host relationship.


The worldwide exchange of microorganisms, including pathogens, is a matter of course. While the availability of these resources is essential for research, biomedical application, industry and education, adequate safeguards have to be observed so that biological material presents no hazard to people who may handle it during the transportation chain, to laboratory workers, animals or the environment.


The Australian Primary Health Care Nurses Association (APNA) is delighted to announce a partnership with Australian Medicare Local Alliance (AML Alliance) to jointly deliver the Nursing in General Practice Program in 2014 and 2015.


Submitted for the DFD07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Statistical Modeling of Turbulent Dispersion using a NearNeighbor Implementation of a Local Mixing Model SHARADHA VISWANATHAN, STEPHEN B. POPE, Cornell University — Probability density function (PDF) calculations are reported for the dispersion from line sources in isotropic turbulence. These flows pose a significant challenge to statistical models, because the scalar length scale (of the initial plume) is much smaller than the turbulence integral scale. The PDF calculations are based on a new near-neighbor implementation of the interaction by exchange with the conditional mean (IECM) mixing model. The calculations are compared to the experimental data of Warhaft (1984) on single and pairs of line sources, and with the previous calculations of Sawford (2004). This establishes the accuracy of the new implementation of IECM. An array of line sources is also considered with comparison to the experimental data of Warhaft & Lumley (1978), which show the dependence of the scalar variance decay rate on the array spacing relative to the turbulence integral scale. The near-neighbor implementation is applicable to other local mixing models, as arise, for example, in multiple mapping conditioning (Klimenko & Pope 2003). In the particle method used to solve the modeled PDF equation, the near-neighbor implementation results in a particle's mixing with just one or two near neighbors (in the relevant space), and hence maximizes the localness of mixing. Stephen Pope Cornell University Date submitted: 08 Aug 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


We used a living biological phantom to evaluate whether previously observed clinical differences in data collection between two similar near infrared spectrophotometers were due to technical design differences. A Somanetics INVOS-5100 was compared to a Hamamatsu NIRO-300. Both express the ratio of oxygenated hemoglobin to total hemoglobin concentration as a percentage, and both are intended for monitoring cerebral oxygenation status at the bedside. The living phantom simulated different bone densities and contained a low haematocrit solution of blood, intra-lipid, and saline, to which was added grower's yeast to alter oxygenation status. Results: In all trials, oxygen saturation decreased from 100% to 0 % as the yeast consumed the available oxygen. In all trials the spectrometers were significantly correlated (range: r2=0.815 to 0.995, p2>0.232). The NIRO-300 indicated oxygenation change 1 minute after addition of yeast, whereas the INVOS-5100 showed change after 5 minutes. Simulated bone thickness had almost no effect upon the NIRO-300, but did affect the INVOS-5100. Conclusion: In this study, the spectrophotometers had similar results consistent with the technical design differences: the INVOS-5100 does not report hemoglobin saturation change above 95% or below 15% while the NIRO-300 reports the full range from 100% to 0%.


Digestive enzymes and inhibitors of digestive enzymes are effective correctors of digestive processes in the body, the violation of which leads to various diseases (diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms and others). The present study identified the most promising plant objects characterized by the highest antilipolytic activity (ALA) in relation to pancreatic lipase. The experimental results indicate that the inhibitory activity (IA) of phenolic compounds of rapeseed is so much high and comparable to ALA "Orlistat", reaching 95.5 % of its activity. This determines the potential possibility of using the phenolic complex of rapeseed as an alternative to anti-lipolytic drugs of synthetic origin. The predominant component of the phenolic complex is low molecular weight phenolic compounds; polyphenolic compounds are almost equally represented by tannins – condensed and hydrolyzable. According to TLC data, the main components of low molecular weight phenols are glucopyranosylsinapate, sinapic acid and sinapin. Among the phenolic compounds of rapeseed seeds, sinapine and hydrolyzable tannins have the highest anti lipolytic activity against lipase. Significant ability to inhibit the action of pancreatic lipase is characterized by both low molecular weight and high molecular weight phenolic compounds of rapeseed.


1. The term "inferior esophageal sphincter" for a contractile ring at the end of the tubular esophagus was introduced into the radiologic literature as a result of the dissections and descriptions of Lerche. This correlation was based on observations in patients with small sliding hernias rather than on appearances in normal individuals. Subsequently, it was demonstrated that the normal antireflux mechanism is not a ringlike segment above the diaphragm but a zone about 4 cm. in length which straddles the hiatus. The term inferior esophageal sphincter is currently accepted for this region or zone of resting high pressure and therefore should not be used for a discrete ring at the end of the tubular esophagus.2. There are two potential lower esophageal rings—one functional and the other static. The functional ring is located at the end of the tubular esophagus. The static ring is located more distally adjacent to the squamo-columnar mucosal junction.3. A prominent or persistent contractile ring at the end o...


The effect of internal degrees of freedom and of a class of boundary conditions on inverted temperature profiles between evaporating and condensing parallel plates is considered. It is found that such inverted profiles are present also in the case of polyatomic species and for most (but not all) modifications of the boundary conditions.


Multipactor1,2 is a resonant phenomenon in which an electromagnetic field causes a free electron to impact a surface, resulting in the surface emitting one or more secondary electrons. If the surface geometry and electromagnetic fields are appropriately arranged, the secondary electrons can then be accelerated and again impact a surface in the bounding geometry. If the net number of secondary electrons participating in multipactor is non-decreasing, then the process can repeat indefinitely. This phenomenon is of considerable practical interest in the design and operation of radio frequency (RF) resonant structures, windows, and supporting structures.


Incidence of Tukra disease associated with mulberry mealy bug, Maconellicoccus hirmtus (Green) is spreading fast in various regions. In the absence of adequate data, it was difficult to assess the extent and impact of this disease in sericulture in Tamil Nadu. Therefore, a statewide survey on the incidence and severity of this disease was initiated during August 1991, July 1992. Ten mulbery farms were selected at random in each district. Data were recorded on % affected plants, number of affected branches and leaves/plant, number of affected leaves with mealy bugs, and presence of coccinellids. The percentage disease index (PDI) was calculated for each district. Highest disease incidence was in Periyar district (63.12% with 12.06 PDI) and the least in Dharmapuri district. Disease severity was low in Tanjore district. Incidence of mealy bugs on leaves showing Tukra symptoms was highest in Periyar and lowest in Tanjore districts.