In spite of the concern and repeated attempts to promote population control programs, a coherent and unified theory of peasant reproductive behavior has not emerged. The author attempts to extend the microeconomic foundations of reproductive behavior by considering a dynamic intertemporal model of household production emphasizing survival uncertainty and age specific differences in productive ability. An optimal policy is derived in a single sex model in which decisions are made sequentially based on new information. It is shown that households will follow a stopping rule; the household will continue to reproduce until an optimal number of living children is reached. As a consequence of the stopping rule households will appear to be replacing infant and child deaths if these occurred early in the program. After presenting the model, empirical applications of the theory are explored and the model is estimated using sample survey data collected in Bangladesh in 1977. Issues raised in the analysis are discussed.


During recent decades, environmental conditions have deteriorated in the Black Sea. Population explosions of phytoplankton and jellyfish have become frequent and several fish stocks have collapsed. In this study, literature sources and long-term data are explored in order to find empirical evidence for ecosystem effects of fishing. Inverse trends of decreasing predators, increas- ing planktivorous fish, decreasing zooplankton and increasing phytoplankton biomass are revealed. Increased phytoplankton biomass provoked decreasing transparency and nutrient content in surface water. A massive development of jellyfish during the 1970s and 1980s had a great impact on con- sumption and consequent decrease in zooplankton. The turning point for these changes occurred in the early 1970s, when industrial fishing started and stocks of pelagic predators (bonito, mackerel, bluefish, dolphins) became severely depleted. A 'trophic cascade' is invoked as a mechanism to explain observed changes. According to this hypothesis, reduction in apex predators decreases con- sumer control and leads to higher abundance of planktivorous fish. The increased consumption by planktivorous fish causes a consequent decline in zooplankton biomass, which reduces grazing pres- sure on phytoplankton and allows its standing crop to increase. The effects of fishing and eutrophi- cation are explored using a dynamic mass-balance model. A balanced model is built using 15 eco- logical groups including bacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, protozoa, ctenophores, medusae, chaetognaths, fishes and dolphins. Ecosystem dynamics are simulated over 30 yr, assuming alterna- tive scenarios of increasing fishing pressure and eutrophication. The changes in simulated biomass are similar in direction and magnitude to observed data from long-term monitoring. The cascade pat- tern is explained by the removal of predators and its effect on trophic interactions, while the inclusion of eutrophication effects leads to biomass increase in all groups. The present study demonstrates that the combination of uncontrolled fisheries and eutrophication can cause important alterations in the structure and dynamics of a large marine ecosystem. These findings may provide insights for eco- system management, suggesting that conserving and restoring natural stocks of fish and marine mammals can contribute greatly to sustaining viable marine ecosystems.


Inspection of plans for rapid sand filter plants, and of the operation of completed plants, indicates considerable variation in the proportions of the wash water troughs. Quite often these are made too large, and therefore interfere with the distribution and functioning of the wash water to some extent. Sometimes they are too small to carry off the wash water. As one of the few visible evidences of the hydraulic design of the plant, it is a matter of satisfaction to the engineer when these are correctly proportioned, with neither excess nor deficiency of capacity. It is not difficult to write the differential equation2 of flow for a wash water trough, but the integration of the resulting equation in a practicable form seems to be impossible. This is due entirely to the friction term of the equation, and suggests that either the form in which these troughs are built is not in conformity with the theoretical requirements, or else that there are defects in our conceptions of fluid friction losses. While the exact solution of the problem is therefor of interest to the pure hydraulician, it is a fact that a sufficiently good practical solution can be obtained by approximating the refractory friction term, since for all ordinary sizes and proportions of troughs, this term is small as compared with the total losses which govern the equation of flow. Referring to figure 1, which represents a trough with parallel sides, but without restriction as to the shape of bottom, and wherein:


Phosphorus in wastewater or sewage sludge is expected to be removed through so-called tertiary treatments in wastewater treatment facilities for the benefit of environment [1-3]. Recently, phosphorus has been considered one of the most important resources to recover because it is one of the world's exhaustible natural resources [4,5]. Phosphates are recovered in the forms of stable calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite, HAP, Ca5(PO4)3OH) and magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) from wastewater and slurries [6]. However, it will be necessary for phosphate recovery processes to be simpler and more economical. It is desirable for phosphate recovery processes to be simplified such that they use a single piece of equipment and to produce versatile concentrated phosphate solutions. Processes that generate hydroxyapatite and magnesium ammonium phosphate and other similar methods produce solid phosphate salts, whose usage is limited to fertilizers. Electrodeposition of phosphate ions on conventional metal electrodes, such as those made of cast iron and aluminum, is another well-known method to remove phosphorus from wastewater and slurries. However, practical recovery of phosphorus in the form of phosphate ions using these metals is difficult and has low potential in industry, owing to their high affinities for phosphorus. Lead has favorable characteristics as the electrode material for free phosphoric acid recovery. However, lead dissolves slightly in the processing of slurries owing to the anodic polariA New Method for Phosphorus Recovery Using Magnesium Alloy Electrode under Tensile Stress


The invention discloses a selectively converging optical device comprising a selective reflecting coating, an upper light guide layer, a light-to-frequency conversion coating, a lower light guide layer, a reflective layer and an encapsulation protective layer, which are overlapped sequentially from top to bottom. One side of the optical device is an emergent surface, and the other sides of the optical device are provided with the reflective layer and the encapsulation protective layer from the inside to the outside. The selective reflecting coating consists of any one selected from one-dimensional photonic crystals, two-dimensional photonic crystals and three-dimensional photonic crystals. The light-to-frequency conversion coating consists of an organic or inorganic fluorescent conversion material or semiconductor nanometer crystals for converting incident light into isotropic light with the same wavelength for being emitted. The forbidden-band wavelength of the photonic crystals is the same with the wavelength of the emitted light of the light-to-frequency conversion coating. The selectively converging optical device can be used for converging light and emitting light with the same wavelength on the emergent surface.


Augmented reality is booming in several areas, education is no exception, one of the subjects that is sometimes somewhat complicated for students of industrial design is Market and Consumption, which is why it was proposed as an objective to develop a mobile application with augmented reality that in a first phase includes the theoretical aspects of the subject, then present videos and animations, presenting information reinforcement and integration of exercises of some concepts incorporating various resources. Three stages were identified: 1) general aspects, the participants of the study were established, the materials to be developed, the instruments that would be applied to determine the quality of the application were selected, 2) the Unity software was selected for its development, for both IOS and Android platforms; 3) a rubric on the quality of mobile educational applications was applied to 9 teachers and 64 students randomly chosen from the degree in industrial design, some of the results were 94.7% and 99.6% of acceptance of the application by teachers and students respectively.


The business of the House - "the grand inquest of the nation" the business of the House - legislation the business of the House - finance the arrangement of business the attendance of members the seating of the House strangers in the House the day in the House motions the House in debate speakers in debate the method of decision - divisions committees of the House Mr. Speaker - political aspects Mr. Speaker - chairman of the House.


Increasing attention has been paid to the lack of services and support afforded older lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) women in same-sex relationships, including caregivers. This study was designed to investigate the needs and perceptions of LGBTQ women from ages 35 to 91, including informal caregivers and older adults regarding services and support from health care providers. Questionnaires were completed by older LGBTQ women (N = 76), and follow-up interviews were conducted with 25% of caregiver respondents. The majority of subjects indicated a fear of future challenges and discrimination. Four main themes emerged when analyzing the open-ended responses: the need for health care workers who were both supportive and knowledgeable about LGBTQ issues; better and consistent recognition of same-sex partners and their rights to make decisions as primary caregivers; increased sensitivity training regarding the needs of LGBTQ patients and caregivers; and more open and accepting environments where LGBTQ patients and caregivers could feel comfortable discussing issues with the staff.


BIPV technology is introduced together with the relationship between its certain parameters such as output power,solar energy efficiency.The experimental data of independent system in College Ecology and Energy Saving Art Hall in Shanghai University of Electic Power are analyzed.


Although people often speak of 'old Families', in fact no family is older than any other. What is meant is that the particular families called 'old' have managed to maintain their identity and retain records of their past longer than the majority of other folk. In England and abroad, this is too often true only of a limited aristocracy. In the Highlands, however, everybody was eventually descended one way or another from several of the great historic royal clans.


Problems that may arise when using some qualitative methods in researches about library phenomenon, ignoring its quantitative and deterministic relations as described by the author's bibliological informative theory, are presented.


Nonlinear interactions among internal gravity waves are investigated by direct numerical experiments. Cases which solve the full Navier-Stokes equations (three dimensional, 3D) are compared to cases in which variability is suppressed in one direction (two dimensional, 2D). It is found that the 3D and 2D simulations exhibit certain similarities. This result may seem surprising, remains in part unexplained, and also is encouraging with respect to the utility of application of 2D simulations. We find both in 3D and in 2D that the transfer of kinetic energy (KE) from large to small scales is less efficient than the transfer of potential energy (PE). The imbalance between these transfers leads to a characteristic buoyancy flux spectrum which is negative (KE to PE) at large scales and positive (PE to KE) at small scales. Integrated over all scales, the buoyancy flux is very small for a wide range of flow regimes. However, results concerning buoyancy flux are sensitive to assumptions about the manner of energetic forcing.


There is a growing interest in the activities of the crypto market by various stakeholders. These stakeholders generally include investors, entrepreneurs, governments, fund managers, climate activists, institutional managers, employees with surplus funds, and crypto miners. This study aims to investigate the accuracy of the GARCH models for measuring and estimating Valueat-risk (VaR) using the Cryptocurrency index for future investment and managerial decision making. Because of this, the present study uses the top 30 Cryptocurrencies index in terms of Market capitalization excluding stable coins to determine the best GARCH models. Many entrepreneurs, institutional managers, fund managers, and other stakeholders have recently included cryptocurrency in their investment portfolio because of the increase in transactions and high returns growth in the global financial market with its associated high returns and volatility. Information communication technology has paved the way for such activities in the global markets. The daily data frequency was applied because of the availability of the data. The empirical analysis has been carried out for the period from January 2017 to December 2020 for a total of 1461observation. The returns volatility is estimated using SGARCH and EGARCH models. The findings evidenced that, using both normal distribution and Student t distribution, EGARCH provides a better measure and estimate than SGARCH concerning high persistence and volatility. Against this background, the present study also examined Backtesting to estimate Value at Risk. Interestingly, the findings of the available study would provide industry players, practitioners, entrepreneurs, and investors the maximum edge on how to use or measure such variables against others to make investment decisions. Also, the findings would subsequently contribute more insight into academia on the study area.


Using analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy method,the author evaluated the comprehensive effectiveness of photogrammetric system basing on analyzing and simulating this system.A set of estimative indicators were established and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is set up.With theoretical analysis and PC simulation,two practicable ways of the system were achieved,and using these as an example,the author compared two practicable ways by this estimative model.


Nowadays Smart Power technologies are demanding smarter devices to give the opportunity of end-user customizations to reach best-in-class efficiency in applications such as sensing and power conversions. Reconfigurable devices - in the form of embedded FPGA (eFPGA) - can represent an effective solution to address such demand. Differently from CMOS world, where reconfigurable technologies have been widely proposed in the last two decades to couple flexibility and NRE costs reduction, eFPGAs targeting Smart Power applications is a new challenge that we can face today thanks to recent improvement of the digital capabilities of such technologies. In this paper we explore the implementation of a soft-core eFPGA tailored for Smart Power applications targeting STMicroelectronics BCD9s 0.11 μm technology. Area-optimized and speed-optimized implementations prove the existence of a significant design space, both in terms of area (~15%) and speed (~50%) variation. A set of benchmarking applications representative of different smart power fields (sigma-delta modulation, power management and motion control) have been mapped on a 16 CLBs eFPGA; the performance are discussed showing the potential added-value provided by reconfigurability.


By complementarily fusing the robust regional eigenvalue-assignability condition, the orthogonal-functions approach (OFA) and the hybrid Taguchi-genetic algorithm (HTGA), an integrative method is proposed in this paper to design the robust optimal eigenvalue-assignable output feedback PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller such that (i) the eigenvalues of a linear multivariable uncertain closed-loop system can be retained inside the same specified region as the nominal closed-loop system does, and (ii) a quadratic finite-hoziron integral performance index for the linear nominal multivariable control system can be minimized. A design example of the robust optimal eigenvalue-assignable output feedback PID controller for an uncertain stirred tank system is given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed integrative approach.


The results of a study on the effects of hydrogen sulphide on C02 gas exchanges and radial growth of Parmelia sulcata are presented. Field work was carried out in a chestnut wood of Acquapassante (Mt. Amiata, Central Italy) near a vent emitting H2S and C02. Gas exchanges were measured at optimal conditions using crossed transplanted thalli collected and re-exposed at 16-30 m from the vent (zone A; maximum H2S concentration: c. 2 ppm) and at more than 130 m (zone C; maximum H2S concentration: c. 5 ppb). Corrections for temperature were made using temperature-dependent curves obtained in the laboratory. Radial growth rates were measured every three months in three populations occurring in A, C and in the intermediate zone B, 50-80 m from the vent. The results show that the metabolism of P. sulcata is strongly affected by H2S. At low concentration inhibition of photosynthesis occurs, but the phenomenon is possibly reversible; a prolonged exposition seems to cause permanent damage to the photosynthetic apparatus, with a decrease in photosynthetic capacity, causing a drastic decrease in thallus growth.


In this paper, we describe the elastic-inelastic mechanical property measurements of a gold-tin (Au-Sn) eutectic solder fi lm. Dual-source direct-current (dc) magnetron sputtering was employed to deposit a Au-20 weight % (wt.%) Sn fi lm. A uniaxial tensile test with in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed at temperatures ranging from room temperature (RT) to 373 K. The XRD tensile test enabled us to directly measure out-of-plane strain in the Au-Sn fi lm specimen for Poisson's ratio determination. The mean Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio at RT were found to be 51.3 GPa and 0.288, respectively, which were lower than the bulk values. The Young's modulus decreased with an increase in temperature, whereas the Poisson's ratio showed no change with temperature. In addition, a creep test was carried out at various stresses and temperatures. The steady-state creep deformation behavior could be estimated on the basis of Norton's law. Information on the tensile and creep characteristics would be useful in designing Au-Sn-fi lm-bonded microjoints used in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS).


During the initial time of operation of a highway the various degrees of early-broken road surface would be taken place because of various kinds of reasons,which would give influence to the life-span time of operation of road surface seriously.The author put forward the design measures of preventing the early broken damage of the bituminous concrete road surface by means of the reasonable numbers of total axle-load,the strength and the harden degree of the road foundation,the road-layer thick and water-proof of asphalt concrete surface;the author gave the analysis and proof of the above-mentioned measures based on the project practice.


Through the analysis on factors that influence the set up of emergency escape ramp and combined with the related study and experience,the article proposes the setting method that fits roads that already built or are building.This provides references for ramp set up in long and steep downgrade section.


Abstract The title compound was prepared from the pure elements by sintering. The crystal structure was investigated by means of powder X-ray diffraction data. Ho5Pd19P12 exhibits the hexagonal Ho5Ni19P12-type structure with space group P 6 ‾ 2 m $P‾{6}2m$ , a = 13.1342(2), c = 3.9839(1) Å, R I = 0.060, R p = 0.080. The crystal structure can be described as a combination of two types of the structural units, [HoPd6P3] and [Ho3Pd10P6], respectively, mutually displaced by 1/2 along the crystallographic c axis. Quantum chemical calculations have been performed to analyze the electronic structure and provide deeper insight into the structure-property relationships. The results of the quantum chemical calculations indicate that the material features metallic bonding between Ho and Pd and covalent bonding between Pd and P.


Background: Anaphylaxis reactions are common during the use ofASV. We are reporting a case of ASV induced pulmonary edema in a 23 years old male with history of viperine snake bite. Case Report: A 23 years old ill looking male presented with swelling and pain left lower limb, was febrile with tachycardia, respiratory rate of 24/minute, Blood Pressure of 90/60 mm Hg and 02 saturation of 96% at room air. Local examination of revealed two puncture marks with edema andpetechiae. His bedside 20 min whole blood clotting test (WBCT) was deranged. The patient was given 10 vials of anti snake venom and after 90 mins of ASV administration, the patient became restless, with a temp of 104°F, pulse rate of 144/min, BP of140/70, RR of 38/min and Sp02 of 74% at room air with bilateral coarse crackles over all lung fields. Urgent chest x-ray suggested pulmonary edema. He responded well to symptomatic management. Discussion: Up to 80% of patients treated with antivenoms present with adverse effects like anaphylactoid or pyrogenic reactions, or late serum sickness4. In our case, the pulmonary edema was not due to the snake bite neither was it due to fluid overload. Pulmonary edema developed 90 mins after ASV administration. Conclusion: Direct causation of pulmonary edema due to ASV should be kept in mind while managing snake bite cases.


ABSTRACT Dick undoubtedly had, at many moments in his life and his writing, a living experience of the wildness of radio. He encountered voices through his own radio that had encoded messages for him alone, and his novels are rich with radios that are engaged in all manner of unsettling activity: they change form and regress, they carry cryptic messages that can collapse entire political regimes, they spy and report on people and they reconfigure cultural life for survivors of an apocalypse. When domesticated, the radio can play a normalising role in terms of producing space, time and self by articulating the logics of cultural institutions; when encountered as wild, however, radios reframe experience according to the unfamiliar orientations of the non-human: the 'plot holes' of elsewhere, elsewhen and otherwise. This paper explores the wild lives of radios through the various encounters in the worlds of Philip K. Dick, with an emphasis on Time Out of Joint (1959) and Dr Bloodmoney, or How We Got Along After the Bomb (1965).


Objective To investigate the clinical curative effect of Mitek Mini anchors in the reconstruction of terminal extensor tendon avulsions,Methods Fifteen cases of terminal extensor tendon avulsions were involved,the Mitek Mini anchor was placed into the base of the distal phalange,the distal interphalangeal joint was stabilized in slightly over-extension position with a Kirschner wire and its two 0/3 Ethibond sutures were woven into the terminal extensor tendon.Results All cases were followed for 8 to 12 months with an average of 10 months.According to Dorgan scales,the result was excellent in 11 cases and good in 4 cases.Conclusions Reconstruction of terminal extensor tendon insertion by Mitek Mini anchor is technically easy,the result is reliable.

Key words:
Tendon; Mitek Mini anchor; Avulsion


: Nairobi is the capital city of Kenya with about four million people which is about 10% of the total population living in the city. Because of the centralized population, many difficulties are experienced when it comes to housing. Housing in Nairobi varies from flats in developed high-rise buildings to apartments in most residential areas and to the now fast rising gated communities. With the traffic getting increasingly congested, location is becoming more and more important. Most people for instance will start by choosing a school for their children and then choosing a home not too far away. The rental housing nightmare in Nairobi will continue to be so as long as population continues to increase and also when the majority of private developers only construct to target high-end families. As such, identifying a good and affordable place to live in for a majority of the City dwellers is a daunting task. A big majority rely on estate or relocation agents, radio & television, newspapers and the internet to identify a house to live in. 'House hunting' as is commonly known can therefore be very frustrating. This is so because the standards of housing vary hugely and advertising is often quite misleading. The information provided in the adverts is usually very limited with crucial information such as the accessibility of a house and its proximity to nearby facilities (schools, highways, supermarkets and recreational facilities) usually left out. Estate agents on the other hand whose typical day involves moving customers around showing them the available houses for rent do not help matters. Infact, the act of moving customers around in itself leads to massive wastage of time and financial resources. It is therefore advisable for one to remain flexible in his requirements and calm in temper when the agent is late or doesn't completely turn up for an appointment. The study aims to combine the use of GIS technology and the web to develop a web based Geographical Information System that will serve as a platform for marketing of residential houses thereby addressing these pertinent issues.


It presents the general structure of Metasy-American Johnson Power Control System. With introduction to the function of the network equipment, the author discusses the precautions and failure detection and reparation methods for the maintenance of johnson power control system in telecom application


The purpose of this paper was to analyze the impact of entrepreneurial education on venture creation along with the mediating roles of entrepreneurial awareness, entrepreneurial mindset, and entrepreneurial skill development. Entrepreneurial Education plays a key role in offering the
 prospects for graduates to take in the attitude, approach, entrepreneurial mindset and skill development required for the creation of a new venture. For the current paper, the researcher selected the method of quantitative. The researcher of this paper collected data from the Thai students
 of a few universities. The researcher collected data from those students who were convenient to take part in the study. The findings of this research paper demonstrate that entrepreneurial education is very crucial for students to start a new venture. In this paper, the writer of the paper
 conducted a quantitative study and collected data from the students of the universities of Thailand. The results of the study depict that all the four hypotheses of this paper were accepted, the universities should provide educational training and education to their students so as to make
 them aware and develop their mindsets which will assist them in the creation of the venture.


abstract:The following article approaches a historic monument on the island of Cyprus, the sixteenth-century Panagia tou Potamou church, with an interdisciplinary methodology. An in-depth study of its history, architecture, and paintings leads to a new evaluation of the church's value for Cypriot and Mediterranean research. The church has proven to be a space for burial and private memory of a sixteenth-century semirural community, reflected in the staging of a prominent burial and the iconographic topics underlining ideas of intercession and salvation. Ultimately, this enables an enhanced appreciation of "minor monuments" in general. The other angle of approach concerns heritage questions: in precarious state for most of the twentieth century, particularly the wall paintings are in urgent need of restoration. In 2015– 2017, an emergency intervention secured the most fragile parts and evaluated the state of the church, proposing future ways to ensure the survival of this monument.


Over the last years, cryptocurrencies have gained popularity as a means of exchange, but mostly as an investment asset that can yield important earnings. Accurate cryptocurrency price prediction is the holy grail of investors, yet the task is extremely complex and tedious since cryptocurrencies exhibit high volatility and steep fluctuations compared to fiat money, while they depend on a plethora of factors related to the blockchain network, market trends, social popularity and the prices of other (crypto)currencies. Thus, simple statistical methods are not able to capture the complexity of cryptocurrency exchange rate, forcing researchers to turn to advanced machine learning techniques. In this work, we present a methodology for building deep learning models to forecast the price of cryptocurrencies and apply it to the prediction of Ether price, resulting in short-and long-term forecasts that achieve an accuracy of up to 84.2%.


We study the assortment optimization problem and show that local optima are global optima for all discrete choice models that can be represented by the Markov Chain model. We develop a forward greedy heuristic that finds an optimal assortment for the Markov Chain model and runs in $O(n^2)$ iterations. The heuristic has performance bound $1/n$ for any regular choice model which is best possible among polynomial heuristics. We also propose a backward greedy heuristic that is optimal for Markov chain model and requires fewer iterations. Numerical results show that our heuristics performs significantly better than the estimate then optimize method and the revenue-ordered assortment heuristic when the ground truth is a latent class multinomial logit choice model. Based on the greedy heuristics, we develop a learning algorithm that enjoys asymptotic optimal regret for the Markov chain choice model and avoids parameter estimations, focusing instead on binary comparisons of revenues.


not agree with her appointment and who refused to help her prepare her case for Cabinet meetings. Judith Hart also faced hostility from some of her civil servants, although was welcomed by others, at the Ministry for Overseas Development which was outside the Cabinet. She was looked on with suspicion because of her left-wing views rather than because she was a woman and antagonised many by her stand against giving aid to Chile and the Junta. In such a wide-ranging book there are bound to be issues that need further discussion. Terms such as feminist, socialist-feminist and a woman's perspective are central to the analysis but are often used loosely and need to be analysed in greater depth. Fascinating glimpses are given of the specific ways in which each woman tried to project an image of herself, or was viewed by others, but again this is not taken up systematically. How significant was a woman's personality and left-wing politics in explaining some of the difficulties she encountered and to what extent were there structural barriers to her advancement within the Labour Party? It might have been helpful to the reader if these and other issues had been drawn together in a conclusion which could have connected disparate threads. Overall, however, this book is a welcome addition to histories of women within the labour movement. Some of the women included are already the subject of full length biographies, but these shorter, more focussed pieces are accessible to those who want to gain a sense of what women achieved when in office and the difficulties they faced. They enable questions to be raised about what united women cabinet ministers as well as what divided them. It is hoped it will inspire readers to seek answers as to why, after a 100 years of serving as MPs, there has still never been a female leader of the Labour Party.


The transport behaviour of Zn(Ⅱ)through the emulsion liquid membrane system of Cyanex 272-Span 80-toluene has been studied. The transport conditions of Zn(Ⅱ) with high efficiency and high speed are as follows:membrane phase:0.020 mol/L Cyanex 272+3%(W/V)Span 80+toluene;outer phase:pH 4-5 with SCN-,ClO,NO,Ac- and Cl- as mediums;inner phase:H2SO4,EDTA,or HCl in needed concentrations; the volume ratio of emulsion to outer aqueous phase: 1-2.5 mL:10 mL. The transport rate of Zn(Ⅱ)in 5 min is above 95%.In this case, Many co-ions, such as Cd(Ⅱ), Co(Ⅱ) , Ni(Ⅱ) ,Hg(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ) etc.can only be transported a little through this emulsion liquid membrane. So Zn(Ⅱ) can be separated from these ions with satisfactory.


Verdet constants of beta-barium borate (β-BaB2O4, BBO) and lead molybdate (PbMoO4, PMO) crystals are measured by comparing with that of terbium-doped glass. Measurement uncertainties caused by light intensity fluctuation, responsiveness drift of photo-detector and unstable amplifying ratio of signal processing circuits can be suppressed by comparative measurement method. Verdet constants of the BBO and PMO crystals respectively are 5.61 ± 0.17 rad.T−1.m−1 and 51.7 ± 1.5 rad.T−1.m−1 for light wavelength of 635nm.


little blood. The cause of this has been ascribed to various influences. Mac William 1 has made experiments to find out what takes place from the moment of death onwards. The whole heart stops distended with blood, both auricles and both ventricles. This is brought about by the inability of the left ventricle to empty itself against the increased peripheral ?resistance caused by the contracted state of the small arteries. The right side of the heart becomes dis-


In order to improve the performance of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) servo system,a control system combined with current loop proportional coefficient of fuzzy control and the ordinary PI integral control was designed.PMSM vector control simulation model was built in Matlab/Simulink,with simulation analysis of the traditional PI and fuzzy PI control,and a fuzzy PI vector control of PMSM servo system was built to have experimental analysis.The simulation and experimental results show that the fuzzy PI control enables the system to have better follow-up characteristics,smaller overshoot and good robustness.


During the development of coal fields, small-scale structures, anomalous bodies and changing of coal thickness in the mine working face are important factors which can affect mining safety. Hence these key issues need to be addressed. Researches show that channel wave tomography is very useful in solving these issues. It has an important theoretical and practical significance for reducing exploration risk, ensuring coal mine safety during production and saving exploration cost. This article aims to introduce the origin and development of channel wave tomography.


Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier modulation scheme, which is widely used in many wireless communication systems due to its high data rate, high spectral efficiency, and immunity against multipath fading channels. However, an OFDM system suffers from high peak-toaverage power ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal. This paper focuses on the PAPR reduction of OFDM systems by using symbols interleaving and selective mapping (SLM) techniques. We compare the PAPR reduction performance of these methods. Simulation results indicate that the SLM technique is slightly better than the interleaving approach.


The character of the pedestrian traffic accident was induced through the statistical analysis,hereby,the familiar typical model of pedestrian traffic accident was built,then the accidents were simulated by the software of PC-Crash several times.The kinetic parameters and the pedestrian's postures after impaction were calculated,and the head impact location distribution was received.Then bring up some advice on the improvement of the structure of the hood,such as based on the impact location adjusting the structure under the hood,fixing airbags on the accurate position,etc.


A systematic way of data reduction for the NIC polarimetry mode has been devised and implemented to an open software called NICpolpy in the programming language python (tested on version 3.8–3.10 as of writing). On top of the classical methods, including vertical pattern removal, a new way of diagonal pattern (Fourier pattern) removal has been implemented. Each image undergoes four reduction steps, resulting in "level 1" to "level 4" products, as well as nightly calibration frames. A simple tutorial and in-depth descriptions are provided, as well as the descriptions of algorithms. The dome flat frames (taken on UT 2020-06-03) were analyzed, and the pixel positions vulnerable to flat error were found. Using the dark and flat frames, the detector parameters, gain factor (the conversion factor), and readout noise are also updated. We found gain factor and readout noise are likely constants over pixel or "quadrant".


This comprehensive and analytical history of American Jews and Judaism from the Colonial Era to the present explores the impact of America on Jews and of Jews on America. * Hundreds of entries, organized chronologically, explain and analyze America's impact on Judaism and Jews, and Jews' impact on America * Photographs of individuals, businesses, synagogues, and orphans' homes, striking workers, suffragettes, and statuary with explanatory labels * Dozens of glossary entries that define and clarify key terms from "anti-Semitism" to "Zionism," as well as historical jargon like "colonial charters" and "established churches" * A select bibliography of books, journals, and web pages guides the reader in further study


Purpose
Reviews the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoints practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies.

Design/methodology/approach
This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context.

Findings
The extent to which a firm can create novelty is governed by several factors both internal (e.g. strategies and dynamic capabilities) and external (e.g. environmental turbulence). The stronger the fit between the internal and external factors, the higher the level of possible novelty creation. In turbulent marketplaces – e.g. telecommunications – the rapid pace of innovation and new product development can help achieve high levels of novelty. However, in slower-paced market environments, where there is less ongoing evolution and change, it can be difficult for companies to stand apart and achieve competitive advantage through novelty. Instead, Product Service Strategy and Sensing Capability are the key drivers in sales and marketing success.

Originality/value
The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.


News media are invited to cover NASA's Johnson Space Center employees celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 launch on Tuesday, July 16.


[1] An ice core from Nevado Illimani in the eastern Bolivian Altiplano was used to establish proxy data for past climate conditions. For this purpose a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the records of ionic species of the upper 59.2 m (time period 1887 ± 6 to 1999 A.D.). The first principal component (PC1) shows high loadings of mainly dust-related ions. This signal is inversely correlated on a monthly basis with precipitation on the Bolivian Altiplano. Maxima in the PC1 time series correspond to the dry season on the Altiplano during the austral winter, whereas minima occur during the wet season from November to March. Interannual variability of PC1 reveals correlations with indices of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), showing elevated (reduced) dust values at the Nevado Illimani site during warm (cold) phases. This relationship may be explained by below (above) average December–February precipitation in the Bolivian Altiplano during El Nino (La Nina) episodes. Persistent El Nino events such as those in the years 1915, 1942, and 1993 A.D. seem to imprint very strong dust signals in the Illimani ice core. Out of the six PCs extracted, only the PC1 time series is correlated with the Tropical Southern Atlantic index. Thus we suggest that the major climate variability on the Bolivian Altiplano as recorded in the Nevado Illimani ice core is more closely related to conditions in the Pacific, even though the moisture source at this site is ultimately the Atlantic Ocean.


Mosquitoes display highly variable oviposition strategies and behavior. By using a high-speed camera, we detailly documented for the first time the egg-throwing strategy of the sylvatic yellow fever vector Sabethes albiprivus Theobald in laboratory. An oviposition trap made with sapucaia nut for field collection of tree-hole mosquitoes and obtaining Sa. albiprivus eggs either in the field or in the laboratory colony is described.


With the explosive growth of smart phones and efficiency, the Android of an open mobile operating system is gradually increasing in the use and the availability. Android systems has proven its availability and stability in the mobile devices, the home appliances's operating systems, the IoT products, and the mechatronics. However, as the usability increases, the malicious code based on Android also increases exponentially. Unlike ordinary PCs, if malicious codes are infiltrated into mobile products, mobile devices can not be used as a lock and can be leaked a large number of personal contacts, and can be lead to unnecessary billing, and can be cause a huge loss of financial services. Therefore, we proposed a method to detect and delete malicious files in real time in order to solve this problem. In this paper, we also designed a method to detect and delete malicious codes in a more effective manner through the process of installing Android-based applications and signature-based malicious code detection method. The method we proposed and designed can effectively detect malicious code in a limited resource environment, such as mobile environments. ■ keyword :∣Android∣Anti-Virus∣Malware∣Detection Mechanism∣Signature∣ * 이 논문은 2017년도 충북대학교 연구년제사업의 연구비 지원에 의하여 이루어진 연구임. 접수일자 : 2018년 03월 05일 수정일자 : 2018년 03월 25일 심사완료일 : 2018년 03월 26일 교신저자 : 류근호, e-mail : email@example.com 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 '18 Vol. 18 No. 4 306


The harvest index Z is defined, for example for cereals, as the ratio between grain yield X and biological yield Y: Z = X/Y. For many purposes the variance of Z is of major interest. In this paper several approximations for this variance are derived and their accuracy was investigated. These explicit formulae depend on some characteristics (means, variances or coefficients of variation, covariances or correlations) of the component variables grain yield X and biological yield Y. It is shown that for most practical applications the approximation v2z = v2x + v2y - 2rvxvy provides a sufficient accuracy for numerical calculations (vx vy and vz are the coefficients of variation for grain yield X, biological yield Y and harvest index Z and r denotes the correlation coefficient between X and Y). Some conclusions on the relations between vx, vy and vz are derived.

Finally, all the theoretical investigations and results are demonstrated and applied to a numerical example of winter-rapeseed data.


Microalgal biomass is one of the most promising sources of energy since it is renewable and neutral with respect to carbon dioxide emissions. Microalgae use solar energy to covert carbon dioxide into carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, with higher areal efficiency than land plants. Microalgal biomass contains approximately 50 per cent carbon by dry weight (Sanchez et al., 2003). For large-scale production of microalgae, algal cells are continuously mixed to prevent the algal biomass from settling (Molina et al., 1999) and nutrients are provided during daylight hours, when the algae are reproducing. However, up to one quarter or the algal biomass produced during the day can be lost due to respiration during the night (Chisti, 2007). Closed photobioreactors have attracted much interest because they allow a better control of the cultivation conditions than open systems. With closed photobioreactors, higher biomass productivities are obtained and contamination can be easily prevented (Molina et al., 2000). Higher bioreactor costs are therefore compensated for by higher productivity as recent studies show (Chisti, 2007). The biomass productivity of photobioreactors can be 13 times more than that of a traditional raceway pond on average (Chisti, 2007).


Pulsatile drug delivery system (PDDS) has developed because of their multiple advantages over conventional dosage forms. These systems are designed according to the circadian rhythm of the body, and the drug is released rapidly and completely as a pulse after a lag time or an off release phase. These systems are beneficial for drugs with chronopharmacological behaviour, where nocturnal dosing is required, and for drugs that show the first-pass effect. They deliver the drug at the right time, at the right site of action and in the right amount, which provides more benefit than conventional dosages and increased patient compliance.A pulse has to be designed in such a way that a complete and rapid drug release is achieved after the lag time so as to match body's circadian rhythms with the release of drug which increases the efficacy and safety of drugs by proportioning their peak plasma concentrations during the 24 hours in synchrony with biological rhythm. Various techniques are available for the pulsatile delivery like pH dependent systems, time dependent systems, etc. Pulsatile release systems can be classified in multiple-pulse and single-pulse systems. A popular class of single-pulse systems is that of rupturable dosage forms. Advantages of the Pulsatile drug delivery system are reduced dose frequency; reduce side effects, drug targeting to specific site like colon and many more. Now in market varies technologies of pulsatile drug delivery system like Pulsincap, Diffucaps etc. are launched by pharmaceutical companies.


The dairy industry is one of the largest industries in India. Although India is the largest producer of milk in the world, it is a very minor player in the world dairy market, accounting for a miniscule 0.08% of the world dairy exports. The Asian countries are the major destination of our exports. The demand for dairy products is expected to increase at a rapid rate in the Asian countries. The exports were made to 105 countries in the world. Among these 40 are Asian countries. Although the number of non Asian countries is comparatively more than the Asian destinations, yet the percentage share of all Asian countries together is much more than the rest of the world export partners. Skim Milk Powder, Whole Milk Powder, Milk food for babies, Butter & ghee are the main products of Indian basket of dairy exports. The present paper focuses on export trend & export potential of India for dairy products. ABSTRACT


Background Schoolchildren are vulnerable to anaemia because of their higher iron need to meet the demands of puberty and adolescence. Objective The survey determined the haemoglobin levels of schoolchildren aged 6–15 years and the factors affecting their haemoglobin status. Design Data were obtained through a cross sectional survey of 450 randomly selected schoolchildren in Ede-Oballa, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria. Ninety were selected for clinical examination, biochemical tests, and nutrient intake study. Haemoglobin, malaria, and stool analysis were carried out by the cyanmethaemoglobin, thin blood film, and wet mount direct methods, respectively. Iron intake was determined by a three-day weighed food intake. Results Results showed that the schoolchildren had pallor (35.6%), brittle hair (31.1%), koilonychia (2.2%), oedema (4.4%) and sore/smooth tongue (7.8%). The children also had malaria (58.9%) and Entamoeba histolytica (42.2%), hookworm (36.7%), tapeworm (35.6%), whipworm (34.5%), and roundworm (27.9%) infestations. Iron intake was inadequate (<100% of recommended nutrient intake) for most of the children. The mean haemoglobin levels of the schoolchildren were low. The 6–9, 10–12, and 13–15 year olds had 9.0, 9.1, and 9.3 g/dl, respectively. Most (85.5%) of them had anaemia. Moderate anaemia was prevalent in 62.2%. Severe anaemia affected the 6–9 year olds more. Malaria (P<0.001), Entamoeba histolytica (P<0.01), hookworm (P<0.05), tapeworm (P<0.01), and whipworm (P<0.001) caused significant reduction in haemoglobin level. Age (b=1.284, P<0.05), birth order (b=−0.629, P<0.01), frequency of illness attack (b=−1.372, P<0.01), household size (b=−0.526, P<0.05), and frequency of skipping breakfast (b=−1.542, P<0.001) were factors that influenced the haemoglobin status of the children. Conclusion The schoolchildren had poor iron status as a result of consumption of plant sources of iron with low bioavailability, parasitic infections, birth order, skipping of breakfast, large household size, and frequent bouts of illnesses.


We prove certain type symmetric inequalities in R 2 and R 3 , that ocur in many problems of analysis. These inequalities are general-izations of the Jensen's inequality from one variable to two and three variables.


No other African leader, and very few leaders in the rest of the world, brought so much radical change and were so revolutionary as Burkina Faso's The Lion King Thomas Sankara. He was most visionary and creative. And he was a most incorruptible of men. But, those who do not want to see such independent leadership and creativity in Africa, could not allow that - and so, Sankara had to be eliminated. Who killed or ordered the killing of Sankara? Very few doubt that, it was none other (...)


The thermal performance of power plant condenser for 300 MW unit,widely used in China,was numerically analyzed using a porous medium model with distributed flow resistance and mass sink.Four typical tube arrangements,lozenge-shaped,egg-shaped,cap-shaped,double-peak-shaped,were considered.The shell side pressure drops and venting rates of condenser for different tube arrangements were compared,and some roles for tube arrangement were concluded,such as,the bundle profile should be wedge-shaped or double-peak-shaped,auxiliary steam inlet sub-channels and the tapered air cooling region should be designed,etc.


Abstract The ISI Impact Factor for JOBMis 1.793, placing it third in the JCR rankings for journals in applied psychology with a sharply accelerating linear trend over the past 5 years. This article reviews the Impact Factor and raises questions regarding its reliability and validity and then considers a citation analysis of JOBMin light of the culture of the Organizational Behavior Management community. It appears that the rise in impact may be attributable to increases in quality, the journal filling a previously unfilled niche and a more theoretical turn in OBM scholarship, and that the Impact Factor underestimates JOBM'sinfluence. JOBMis not a high quality journal because it has a high Impact Factor; rather JOBMcurrently has a high Impact Factor because it isa high quality journal.


Background: The role of PICK1 in regulating trafficking of its PDZ domain binding partners (e.g. AMPA receptors) remains unclear. Results: PICK1 clusters and reduces recycling only of PDZ binding partners sorted to Rab11-dependent recycling. Conclusion: Contrary to other PDZ domain proteins, which regulate postendocytic sorting, PICK1 determines the trafficking rate through an endocytic compartment. Significance: This function might explain the role of PICK1 in synaptic plasticity. The scaffolding protein PICK1 (protein interacting with C kinase 1) contains an N-terminal PSD-95/Discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain and a central lipid-binding Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain. PICK1 is thought to regulate trafficking of its PDZ binding partners but different and even opposing functions have been suggested. Here, we apply ELISA-based assays and confocal microscopy in HEK293 cells with inducible PICK1 expression to assess in an isolated system the ability of PICK1 to regulate trafficking of natural and engineered PDZ binding partners. The dopamine transporter (DAT), which primarily sorts to degradation upon internalization, did not form perinuclear clusters with PICK1, and PICK1 did not affect DAT internalization/recycling. However, transfer of the PICK1-binding DAT C terminus to the β2-adrenergic receptor, which sorts to recycling upon internalization, led to formation of PICK1 co-clusters in Rab11-positive compartments. Furthermore, PICK1 inhibited Rab11-mediated recycling of the receptor in a BAR and PDZ domain-dependent manner. In contrast, transfer of the DAT C terminus to the δ-opioid receptor, which sorts to degradation, did not result in PICK1 co-clusters or any change in internalization/recycling. Further support for a role of PICK1 determined by its PDZ cargo was obtained for the PICK1 interaction partner prolactin-releasing peptide receptor (GPR10). GPR10 co-localized with Rab11 and clustered with PICK1 upon constitutive internalization but co-localized with the late endosomal marker Rab7 and did not cluster with PICK1 upon agonist-induced internalization. Our data suggest a selective role of PICK1 in clustering and reducing the recycling rates of PDZ domain binding partners sorted to the Rab11-dependent recycling pathway.


We want these to be the best years of your life, so if you or someone you know has experienced sexual assault or harassment, support and help are available.


Ferroelectric potassium nitrate has been found, by a pulse‐testing technique, to show a threshold electric field, essentially invariant with duration, below which KNO3 behaves as a completely elastic dielectric. Test results on several ferroelectric materials, all single crystals, are shown and compared to the results obtained from fused layers of KNO3. The technique for the detection of a threshold is described and the test circuit for obtaining the required data on change in charge vs applied step voltage is included. Finally, a precise time‐independent description of KNO3 polarization reversal over the entire range of applied step fields is given by two empirically derived equations, each covering one side of threshold.


Importance Several predictive models and scoring systems have been developed to differentiate between benign and malignant ovarian masses, in order to guide effective management. These models use combinations of patient characteristics, ultrasound markers, and biochemical markers. Objective The aim of this study was to describe, compare, and prioritize, according to their strengths and qualities, all the adnexal prediction models. Evidence Acquisition This was a state-of-the-art review, synthesizing the findings of the current published literature on the available prediction models of adnexal masses. Results The existing models include subjective assessment by expert sonographers, the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis models (logistic regression models 1 and 2, Simple Rules, 3-step strategy, and ADNEX [Assessment of Different NEoplasias in the adneXa] model), the Risk of Malignancy Index, the Risk of Malignancy Ovarian Algorithm, the Gynecologic Imaging Reporting and Data System, and the Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System. Overall, subjective assessment appears to be superior to all prediction models. However, the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis models are probably the best available methods for nonexpert examiners. The Ovarian-Adnexal Reporting and Data System is an international approach that incorporates both the common European and North American approaches, but still needs to be validated. Conclusions Many prediction models exist for the assessment of adnexal masses. The adoption of a particular model is based on local guidelines, as well as sonographer's experience. The safety of expectant management of adnexal masses with benign ultrasound morphology is still under investigation. Target Audience Obstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians. Learning Objectives After participating in this activity, the learner should be better able to explain all the aspects on the available prediction models of adnexal masses; assess the available prediction models of adnexal masses in terms of their accuracy; and describe the sonographic findings of an adnexal mass and estimate the relevant malignancy risk.


A procedure that is used to estimate focal mechanisms of moderate and smallearthquakes using surface waveform fitting method and first motion signs of P waves.Two earthquake examples that formed normal faults and three examples that formedstrike-slip faults are given. The smallest earthquake is the one with Mr4.5 occurred onDecember 16, 1996, at Beijing Shunyi. Based on the similarity between the solutionof Yunnan Lijiang Ms6.0 earthquake on February 5,1996, and that of Harvard CMTto the same earthquake, the similarity between waveform of records and that of thesynthetic in the sample earthquakes, as well as the consistency between thedistribution of first motion signs of P waves and P. T regions, the solutions of focalmechanism obtained are valuable, and the software developed is usable.


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the growing trend of developing and managing photovoltaic facilities owned by third parties in buildings, as a possible alternative to energy performance contracting.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on an established business model template, analysis is carried out on the framework of using third-party finance in the provision of photovoltaic facilities in buildings. Case studies in the USA and China enable comparison of policy tools enabling this approach.

Findings

While barriers exist in the common energy performance contracting approach for renewable installations owned by the building owner, vesting photovoltaic equipment with a third party for a certain period has become a viable business alternative as long as revenue is generated through a power purchase agreement or lease arrangement with the building owner.

Research limitations/implications

The third-party ownership business model works better if sufficient policy incentives exist alongside the revenue brought about by renewable energy. Hence, governments have to create the right environment.

Originality/value

Win-win situations have been identified through case studies in countries with burgeoning renewable energy use in buildings, notably the USA and China, giving new insights on facilities management.


70 Abstract—This paper focuses on the modeling, development, and implementation of a Fuzzy PID controller in controlling the heating system. This study will look into the effectiveness of a fuzzy Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control scheme for this application. Instead of using a trial-and-error method for the controller tuning, this study proposes a fuzzy PID control to tune the controller parameters and to improve the conventional PID controller transient response. Modeling of the PT326 heating system is required before designing the controller. Through the MATLAB System Identification Toolbox, a discrete-time model is obtained and represented by an ARX model structure. A simulation study had been implemented on a unit step input. The results demonstrated that the system shows positive improvement in terms of rise time and settling time when fuzzy PID controller was applied.


Objective:To study two-phase treatment of Angle Class Ⅱ 1 malocclusion with mouth-breath.Method:10 patients with retrusive mandible were treated with Bionator appliance to correct skeletal relationship in the first phase.and were treated with rapid mandible expansion and Tip-Edge in the second phase.Result:Mandibular was put foward and growed at the end of first phase.The incline of upper and lower antarior tooth and occlusion was preciously adjusted in the second phase.Conclusion:Two-phase-treatment of Angle class Ⅱ 1 with mouth-breath was recommended.


Buried contact solar cells (BCSC) have been fabricated on boron‐doped p‐type tricrystalline Czochralski silicon wafers (Tri‐Si) and the output characteristics were compared with those of multi‐crystalline silicon wafers and single crystalline Czochralski wafers. Optical properties and microstructures after texturing Tri‐Si with [110] growth axis in KOH solution have been studied. The textured surface of Tri‐Si has the shape of a V‐groove, with an angle of 110° between two (111) planes. Computer simulations show that a V‐groove composed of (111) planes after texturing decreases reflectance significantly when cells are encapsulated with ethylenevinylacetate (EVA). The efficiency of BCSC fabricated on Tri‐Si was measured as 15.05% before encapsulation. An increase of 2.7 mA/cm2 in short‐circuit current density is expected, due to internal reflection of light at the air/glass interface when the textured Tri‐Si cells are encapsulated. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Background: COVID-19 outbreak is likely to cause psychological problems, such as anxiety, depression, and stress; which may negatively influence one's glycemic control. The pandemic could increase the prevalence and change in nature of diabetes among people living in countries affected by it. The aim of this review is to clarify the blurred areas and types of relationship between diabetes, psychiatric disorders, and COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Literature reviews and evidence-based researches were studied using PubMed and Google Scholar for the following keywords: "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "diabetes", "epidemiology", "pathophysiology", "ACE2", "manifestation", "immune system", "link between diabetes and psychiatric illnesses", and "treatment with antipsychotics and antidepressants". Results revealed that there is a casual mutual relationship between DM and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, there is a bidirectional relationship between DM and the vulnerability of acquiring COVID-19 infection. Additionally, DM and SARS-CoV-2 infection worsen each other, thus, diabetics are more likely to develop severe COVID-19. Conclusion and Recommendation: It is recommended that physicians and health care providers counsel their patients that the risk of DM can be significantly reduced by lifestyle changes including diet and exercise. Additionally, a range of psychological interventions, and mandatory vaccinations against COVID- 19 when dealing with diabetic patients.


Purpose
Despite the importance of innovation in and the growth of the wine industry in recent years, empirical research devoted to innovation in this industry remains scarce. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to filling this gap by exploring innovation among Canadian wine firms.

Design/methodology/approach
The data used in this paper are drawn from an original firm-level survey conducted between April and July 2018 to study the business and innovation strategies of Canadian winery firms over the 2015–2017 period.

Findings
First, the study has identified four innovation modes which are distinct in terms of firms' strategy, innovation activities, and knowledge sourcing and openness. The second finding is that these different innovation modes are associated with different innovation outputs. The third finding is that there here is a tendency for certain innovation modes to better reflect firms in some regions, although all innovation modes are represented to different degrees in each of the three wine regions.

Originality/value
Empirical research devoted to innovation in this industry remains scarce. This paper contributes to filling this gap by exploring innovation among Canadian wine firms. These firms deal with several challenges and opportunities arising from the production and transformation of cool-climate grapes that impact on business innovation approaches.


A composition for use in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in a human patient, adjusting one or more hemodynamic parameters to a more normal level with respect to the baseline value, the composition comprising: a therapeutically effective amount of ambrisentan or a salt thereof in combination with a therapeutically effective amount of tadalafil or a salt thereof, in which the weight ratio between ambrisentan or salt thereof to tadalafil or salt thereof is in a range of 1: 1 to 1:10, and wherein the efficacy of administration of the therapeutically effective amount of ambrisentan or salt thereof in combination with the therapeutically effective amount of tadalafil or salt thereof is greater than the sum of the effectiveness of the administration of each agent separately.


Abstract : This EA has been prepared in accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act to analyze the potential environmental consequences from the proposed expansion of the paved marshalling yard and installation of an aircraft cargo loader shelter at the ERC, Eglin AFB. The document includes analysis of land use and aesthetics, geology and soils, water resources, air quality, and biological resources. The Proposed Action consists of extending the existing paved marshalling yard at the ERC approximately 100 feet to the northeast and installation of the shelter between Buildings 1392 and 1400. The Alternative to the Proposed Action includes a 270- square-foot extension of the paved marshalling yard to the northwest and installation of the shelter between Buildings 1392 and 1400. The No-Action Alternative, which would entail no ERC improvements, was also evaluated. No significant adverse environmental impacts are expected from the proposed ERC improvements project.


On 24th October 2005 an unemployed man from Hong Kong, Chan Nai Ming aka "Big Crook", received the dubious honour of becoming the first person in the world to be sentenced to a custodial sentence for using the Bit Torrent protocol to infringe copyright. 1 This chapter explores the definitions of "affect prejudicially" and "distribution" in the context of criminal law; issues which emerged from the case.


In international literature policy documents are considered as major strategic tools for health promotion in schools. In Sweden, since 1991, local municipalities are obliged to produce a politically approved school plan for compulsory schools, grades 1–9, i.e. policy instruments which should indicate the aims and objectives, the moral and political values of the municipality. The aim of this study was to describe the content of school plans, focusing on health and environment in 1994 in 62 municipalities in four counties in Sweden, using content analysis. The study was implemented as a total investigation of the 62 municipalities based on the principles of purposeful sampling procedures in order to provide selections of informative cases for in-depth studies. The content analysis was conducted in four steps. Twelve themes were identified in the school plans, representing different issues on health and environment in the first step. Secondly, quotations illustrate and provide a broader meaning of themes. Third, similarities and differences between the counties and municipalities are summarized. Finally, the strategic components of the HELPSAM model (The HEaLth Promotion Strategy Analysis Model) are presented in relation to the 12 themes. As policy documents the school plans seem to be valid instruments to promote the intentions of the municipality concerning health promotion. A supportive environment for health relates to the physical and social aspects of our surroundings, and these aspects are prominent as themes of the school plans. The major part of the municipalities has focused on environmental issues, well in advance of the desired development of a local Agenda 21. The finding points out a rapid diffusion of environmental questions in the Swedish society, at least in the counties of concern. Policy content and context for health promotion in Swedish schools. An analysis of municipal school plans


This study investigates the safety impact of distracted driving (texting while driving) for different roadway configurations (intersections, segments, freeways, and roundabouts; urban, suburban, and rural sections; and straight and curved road cross-sections) and various lighting conditions (nighttime and daytime) using a driving simulator. The study took place at Western Kentucky University in Bowling Green, KY. Fifty participants (30 young adults, 18 to 25 years old; 20 middle-/old age adults, 26 to 70 years old) drove the simulator, for approximately 10 min each. Video recordings and behavior observations (e.g., recording single longest off-road eye glance while texting and driving) were further documented. While texting and driving at the roundabout, significant differences were found between the mean lane positions of the young and middle-/old age groups. Additionally, a slightly higher speed variance for middle-/old age drivers existed while texting and driving on freeways during the daytime compared with their younger counterparts. Comparisons with the safe stopping sight distance revealed potential safety risks for all texting while driving situations for both age groups compared with nontexting situations. On average, participants with a higher distracted-driving crash-risk expended 0.676 more seconds glancing off-road than lower distracted-driving crash-risk participants. Furthermore, on average, lower-risk participants had a 3.99 mph speed standard deviation compared with the 5.34 mph speed standard deviation of higher-risk participants. It should be noted that the top five higher-risk drivers were from the middle/older population, whereas the top five lower-risk drivers were from the younger population.


Alcoa World Alumina Australia is the world's leading producer of aluminium and alumina, with three alumina refineries in Western Australia and a further six refineries located in Europe, the Caribbean, North and South America. During the refining process, an alkaline residue is produced and is deposited in lined storage areas designed to protect ground and surface waters. As early as 1977, Alcoa recognised the need to investigate alternative residue management strategies. The company made a significant commitment to continuous improvement in tailings management through the establishment of a focussed research and development group charged with the responsibility of "establishing Alcoa's reputation as a leading company in the management of bauxite tailings". Through ongoing research and field trials, a range of significant improvements to residue storage methods have been developed and implemented. Recent work has focussed on investigating ways to modify the residue, in particular decreasing its alkalinity to further lessen its potential environmental impact. Residue carbonation has been developed and tested at the Kwinana refinery and is currently being expanded to a full scale operation. It is a process which is easily integrated with the current thickening and dry stacking process, offering a range of operational and environmental benefits. The potential to progressively implement the process at Alcoa's other refineries worldwide is currently being evaluated. It is anticipated that residue carbonation will become the alumina industry's best practice benchmark for residue treatment and storage worldwide. Alcoa has also been focussed on potential re-use opportunities for the residue. A number of potential uses have been progressed through to pilot and demonstration phase, opening the way for the re-use of considerable volumes of residue. This paper will describe these more recent developments in residue management practices, and outline the sustainability case for progressing their implementation.


Summary Common walnut ( Juglans regia L.) is usually grown in pure stands or as individual trees, rather than within mixed woodlands. Previous studies indicate that walnut can benefi t from being planted in mixed stands, particularly with nitrogen-fi xing (N-fi xing) species. The effects of establishing walnut with various combinations of tree and shrub nurse species were investigated, including those capable of fi xing nitrogen. After 6 years, walnut survival exceeded 99 per cent. Tree nurses did not signifi cantly effect walnut growth; however, walnut height growth with autumn olive ( Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.) was signifi cantly greater ( P < 0.05), with an average increment of 17 cm year 1 across all sites at year six and 32 cm year 1 at one site at year seven. The architecture (height, width and estimated volume) of Corylus avellana L. and E. umbellata had a signifi cant positive ( P < 0.05) effect on walnut height. Foliar nitrogen levels for walnuts with at least one N-fi xing nurse were within the reported optimal range, whereas those walnuts in control plots were defi cient in nitrogen. Walnut trees grown with E. umbellata also had fewer multiple stems and fi ner branches. The results indicate that there are signifi cant early benefi ts from establishing walnut with E. umbellata .


In this paper, we extend our previous external wrench estimation scheme for flying robots with an aerodynamic model such that we are able to simultaneously estimate aerodynamic and contact forces online. This information can be used to identify the metric wind velocity vector via model inversion. Noticeably, we are still able to accurately sense collision forces at the same time. Discrimination between the two is achieved by identifying the natural contact frequency characteristics for both "interaction cases". This information is then used to design suitable filters that are able to separate the aerodynamic from the collision forces for subsequent use. Now, the flying system is able to correctly respond to typical contact forces and does not accidentally "hallucinate" contacts due to a misinterpretation of wind disturbances. Overall, this paper generalizes our previous results towards significantly more complex environments.


A new modified version called decision feedback complex recurrent neural network equalizer (DFCRNNE) is proposed with the study of complex recurrent neural network adaptive equalizer (CRNNE). Based on DFCRNNE, a modified real time recurrent learning (CRTRL) algorithm is developed. Siiiiulation results show that DFCRNNE has better performance than the CRNNE based on traditional CRTRL algorithm [2] in complex non-linear channels with severe intersymbol interference (ISI) and non-linear distortion. I . INTRODUCTlON I n conununication system, channel equalization can be regarded as a non-lineal classification problem, and neural networks with good non-linear perfoniiance may be used to devise equalizer. Recurrent neural network (RNN) possesses good classification capability since RNNE is similar to IIR filter, and can get good equalization effects or complete complicate non-linear map with only a few nodes. Therefore, recurrent neural network equalizer. (RNNE) based on real-time recurrent leaming (RTRL) algorithm has given rise to coniprehensive attention [I]. However, when QAM signal with the complicated channels is considered, neural network equalizers based on real analysis have large limitation. Some researchers extend recurrent neural network equalizer based on RTRL algorithm to complex recurrent neural network equalizer (CRNNE) based on coiiiplex real-time recurrent learning (CRTRL) algorithm [2] whose inputs, outputs, weights and active function are all complex. Decision feedback complex recurrent neural network equalizer (DFCRNNE) is presented, and modified CRTRL algorithm which fits the structure is deduced in this paper. DFCRNNE not only inherits the advantages of CRNNE on complex field, but also skillfully puts the traditional decision feedback structure for linear channels equalization into RNN, and replaces decision feedback signals with training signals in the learning process. The equalizer possesses simple structure and good equalization performance, and can treat more complicated signals. Therefore, i t can be widely applied in equalization field. Section I1 summarizes model of adaptive equalizer based on DFRNNE. Section I11 presents modified CRTRL algorithm. Section IV shows simulation results that confirm the new algorithm. Section V concludes this paper. 0-7803-7369-3/02/$17.00


According to the development characteristics of acupuncture combined with the ultrasonic medicine in recent years,this paper discusses the development and its influence on acupuncture,taking the ultrasonic medicine as the evaluation methods,the auxiliary tools or treatment. In the view of the present researches,it analyzes that the ultrasonic medicine maybe more commonly evaluate the therapeutic effect,assist acupuncture to achieve better effect and increase the therapeutic effect of ultrasound. The paper also advocates the introduction of advanced civilization achievements to promote the development of the modern acupuncture.


Knowledge gained in the study of forest work is used to improve operational efficiency through better planning and control of future work. Internationally recognized standard methods for recording, evaluating and reporting performance in forest work will greatly enhance the usefulness of this information to managers and planners. A subcommittee of IUFRO Working Party $3.04.02 (Work study; payment, labour productivity) has completed work on a standard nomenclature for time and cost concepts (Appendix I). This report outlines the details of the nomenclature agreed upon. Of particular interest is the relationship between observed time and standard time. The nomenclature in this document is used to develop unbiased estimates through direct observation. The observed times that result can then be used to develop standard times. This process does not destroy observed information; therefore, this nomenclature is considered compatible with both observed and standard time systems.


In this paper, we examine the potential strong coupling problem at early times in a bouncing cosmological model with "strong gravity in the past" (Jordan frame), which is conformally related to inflation (Einstein frame). From naive-dimensional analysis in the Jordan frame, one would conclude that the quantum strong coupling energy scale can be lower than the classical energy scale. However, from the Einstein frame prospective, this should not be the case. We illustrate this point by calculation in the Jordan frame which shows cancellations of the dangerous contributions in the tree level amplitude.


At the beginning of the 20th century R. Holden and E.W. Sinnott described five new genera of fossil coniferous woods, Metacedroxylon Holden, Paracedroxylon Holden, Paracupressinoxylon Sinnott, Paraphyllocladoxylon Holden and Protobrachyoxylon Holden. Since 1933 these five generic names have been consistently overlooked, and junior synonyms regularly used, including the relatively well-known genera Protocupressinoxylon Eckhold 1921 and Protophyllocladoxylon Krausel 1939. The surviving type material of these five genera has been reexamined. According to this reappraisal: Metacedroxylon is an illegitimate nomenclatural synonym of Protocedroxylon Gothan, and its type material is heterogeneous; Paracedroxylon Sinnott and Paracupressinoxylon Holden are both junior taxonomical synonyms of Brachyoxylon Hollick et Jeffrey; the lectotype of Paraphyllocladoxylon is unfortunately lost, as is the one of Protobrachyoxylon Holden, the legitimate name for Protocupressinoxylon.


A continuous-wave (CW) master oscillator-power amplifier (MOPA) fiber source, tunable around 978 nm, was frequency-doubled to 488.7 nm. Both the laser and the amplifier were made with cladding-pumped jacketed air-clad Yb-doped fibers. The MOPA generated up to 2.7 W of power in an output beam with an M/sup 2/ value of 1.8. This was frequency-doubled in a periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal at room temperature, in a single-pass configuration. The generated blue light had a CW power of 18.1 mW, a nearly Gaussian spatial intensity profile, and an M/sup 2/ value of 1.7.


The San Juan Basin of northwestern New Mexico is a Laramide basin that accumulated sediments through the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary. However, the precise age of the Ojo Alamo Ss which lies near the K-Pg boundary in the San Juan Basin, remains controversial. Determining its age is crucial to understanding the tectonic and biotic history near the K-Pg boundary in this area. Based on study of these strata in the Bisti/De-na-zin Wash area (BDNZ) near Barrel Springs, previous workers have argued that the top of the Ojo Alamo Ss and the base of the Nacimiento Fm are interfingering and therefore are conformable. Based on this interpretation, most workers have regarded the Ojo Alamo Ss (here regarded in the restricted sense; = Kimbeto Member) in the BDNZ to be early Paleocene in age. The base of the Nacimiento Fm has been correlated to C29n and produces early Paleocene mammals. This provides a minimum age for the underlying Ojo Alamo Ss. Given this minimum age constraint workers have generally taken one of two positions for the precise age of the Ojo Alamo Ss: (1) the Ojo Alamo Ss. spans the upper part of C29r, or (2) it is restricted to only the lower part of C29n. To resolve this question and to determine a more precise age for the Ojo Alamo Ss, we examined the stratigraphic relationships between the Ojo Alamo Ss and the overlying Nacimiento Fm in the BDNZ. Contrary to previous interpretations, we find that this formational contact is not conformable. Rather, what other workers have assumed to be the "upper part of Ojo Alamo Sandstone" that interfingers with basal parts of the Nacimiento Fm is actually a remnant of a lenticular channel sandstone of the Nacimiento Fm. This reinterpretation suggests that the formational contact between the Nacimiento Fm and the Ojo Alamo Ss may represent a significant hiatus of up to ~ 0.5 Ma separating the Ojo Alamo Ss from the base of the Nacimiento Fm in the BDNZ area. Future work should focus on more accurately determining the age and refining the duration of the hiatus at the Ojo Alamo – Nacimiento formational contact.


Measurement data of the internal-wave and acoustic-fluctuation experiments conducted in the Yellow Sea in summer 2009 are analyzed herein. The internal-wave activity dominated by semidiurnal tides is observed. For the source and 16-element vertical linear array with fixed distance, the received energy fluctuations of 260-Hz continuous wave signals reach 20 dB in a single channel of the receiving array, and the fluctuation period is about 2–3 h across 10-h continuous acoustic measurement. The energy depth distribution varies with time, and the energy fluctuations are less than 10 dB post-depth-integration, evidencing that part of the energy transfers between channels. Acoustic normal modes are calculated according to the temperature chain observation results obtained at the receiving station and subsequently used to analyze the acoustic energy fluctuations: the difference between the average energy depth distribution in 0–5 h and 5–10 h indicates that the energy fluctuations of the single channel may be related to the dominant-mode alternation occurring between the first- and second-order modes; the modal decomposition results of the received acoustic field prove such alternation and explain the single-channel and depth-integral energy fluctuations caused by the first two modes' amplitude variations.


OBJECTIVE:To optimize the therapeutic regimen through clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment of high-dose methotrexate(MTX)intoxication in pediatric acute leukemia. METHODS:For a case of high-dose MTX intoxication of lymphoma leukemia B cells,clinical pharmacists analyzed the disease condition of patient and believed that conventional rescue had no significant effect and was not effective enough to relieve the intoxication. Clinical pharmacists suggested that blood perfusion combined with high-flux hemodialysis(HF-HD)were good choice according to molecular weight of MTX and pharmacokinetics. RESULTS:After 6 d of comprehensive treatment,the symptom of the patient had been improved,and the blood concentrations of MTX were decreased gradually and 0.39 μmol/L at 186 h. CONCLUSIONS:The clinical pharmacists involved in clinical treatment practice are conducive to the timely detection and treatment of ADR,and improve the level of drug treatment.


Objective To explore two technologies of separation and culture for pig trachea-bronchia epithelia: traditional culture and air-liquid interface culture,look for appropriate freezing and anabiosis conditions of the epithelia and combine advantages of the two culture technologies.Method Pig trachea-bronchia epithelia was separated,purified and kept passage.The livability of descended epithelia was calculated by the assay of freezing and anabiosis to look for best freezing and anabiosis conditions.After anabiosis the epithelia were cultured by air-liquid method and its growth characteristics and the appearance of the cells′ cilia were observed.The growth curve was also made.Finally the test of keratins of pig trachea-bronchia epithelia was done to identify the epithelia.Result Through four-step purification highly pure epithelia were gotten.The average epithelia livability was 89% after anabiosis,which was freezed with a system including 50% of Fetal Serum,40% of DMEM/F12 and 10% of DMSO.The epithelia passage number was eight with the traditional culture and after the second generation the epithelia cilia became invisible.The cilia of some epithelia cultured by air-liquid method came into being after continuously descended twice and the epithelia's suvival time was also prolonged.The result of the test of keratins indicated the cultured cells were epithelia.Conclusion We have successfully established two culture technologies and found the appropriate freezing and anabiosis technology for pig trachea-bronchia epithelia.The epithelia by traditional culture,after freezing and anabiosis,can successfully adapt to air-liquid culture and recover their natural morphological characteristics.The advantages of the two culture technologies have been successfully combined,which provide a rich cell source for researches of pig trachea-bronchia epithelia.


The effects of defoliation by insect pests on Eucalyptus growth in South Africa is poorly understood, with the need for negative impacts to be quantified. In 2010, two long-term insect exclusion trials were established at Palm Ridge and Teza plantations in KwaZulu-Natal to quantify the impact of insect pests on two Eucalyptus hybrids. The trial locations were selected adjacent to compartments in which the pests Gonipterus spp. and Thaumastocoris peregrinus were present. Each trial had an insecticide treatment with an active ingredient of alpha-cypermethrin at a rate of 100 g L−1 and a control treatment where trees were not sprayed. Insect pests were collected after every spraying event with a greater number collected over a period of four months from the Palm Ridge site. Gonipterus spp. were the predominant insect pest collected. No significant growth differences were recorded between treated and untreated trees at Teza. Measurements taken at Palm Ridge indicated that insecticide-treated trees had significantly better tree growth than untreated trees. Final measurements showed a 25% reduction in volume for the control treatment compared with the insecticide treatment. Results of this study indicate that timing and duration of insecticide application could hold larger and additive benefits for insect exclusion.


Non-Gaussian distribution of EEG leads to degeneration of traditional EPs extraction.In order to improve the robustness of the method of less trials extraction of EPs,a new method was proposed based on an estimate of the discrete spectral measure for identifying the independent components of an alpha-stable random vector for under-determined mixtures.Simulations results demonstrated that the method estimated the EEG and EP with correlation coefficient up to 0.9.The proposed method based on discrete BOREL spectral measure was robustness and could realized less trial extraction of evoked potentials.


Summary A sensor network consists of a set of battery-powered nodes, which collaborate to perform sensing tasks in a given environment. Globally unique ID allocation is usually not applicable in a sensor network due to the massive production of cheap sensor nodes, the limited bandwidth, and the size of the payload. However, locally unique IDs are still necessary for nodes to implement communications to save energy consumption. Already several solutions have been proposed for locally unique ID assignment in sensor networks. However, they bring much communication overhead, and they are complex to implement. We present a structure-based algorithm to solve the unique ID assignment problem. This algorithm can save energy consumption by reducing communication overhead while IDs are assigned.


Gamification is defined as the use of game-design elements in non-game contexts. This study aims to investigate the effect of gamification in education. A meta-analysis study was used and articles (21) published between 2012 and 2018 were analysed in several databases and digital libraries. Most of the selected articles were journal manuscripts (81%), including undergraduate students (57.1%), predominantly using the web-based technologies (33.3%), digital game-based learning (28.6%) and learning management system (28.6%) as a game delivery platform. The most gamified subjects were Languages (19%) and Information Technology (IT) (14.3%). It was observed that students at the post-secondary level (SMD=0.809, p=0.004) seem to benefit more from gamification than those from the post-graduate level (SMD=-0.930, p=0.000). Most of the subjects gamified showed positive effects, some of them statistically significant (Language, Maths and Science). In conclusion, the meta-analysis showed that students' performance can improve by 50% when the subject is gamified. Web-based technologies were the most widely used platform for gamification.


The first half of this MS is a genealogical compilation, written on vellum and of fifteenth cent/ury date. It includes extracts from Saltair Caisil in cols. 27, 29, 49, 126, 146, 147. The last extract ends: "Hoc usque de Salterium Caisil scriptus est." This implies that the following matter is from another source. At col. 156* begins a collection of notes relating to Munster and Leinster persons and families. The language of these notes contains undoubtedly early forms, such as "Corco Echreg", the eighth century form of Corco Fiachraeh. Many of the personal names are of early dates. Broenige and Anblamath are very near to the ogham forms: Broenionias and Anavlamattias. It is noteworthy that the names in the MS refer to persons in Co. Waterford where the corresponding oghams were found. Professor McNeill considers that this miscellany may date from the early part of the eighth century. What internal evidence there is, confirms this view. As far as can be judged the persons and events named are all prior to the year 800. Those who are mentioned in the Annals are:


This paper proposes Stamp-On, a mobile guidance aid for museum visitors. Stamp-On equips a tangible interface in the form of a stamp, which is used as an input-device for visitors to show explanations on a mobile device such as an iPad. The explanations will give the corresponding information about exhibiting items with additional questions. By touching the screen of the mobile device with the Stamp-On near the corresponding item, she or he will get visual information. We have conducted a preliminary experiment with participants of school teachers in order to evaluate the effectiveness as an exhibition guidance system. The results have suggested that Stamp-On system is an attractive and effective learning aid for elementary school children visitors of a museum.


Objectives: Standard triple therapy composed of a proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin and amoxicillin has been widely preferred for H. pylori eradication in Turkey and World. Alternative therapies are currently under investigation because of an increase in clarithromycin resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a levoflox-acin-containing triple therapy. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in 81 H. pylori-infected patients (52 female, 29 male) with nonul-cer dyspepsia. The mean age was found 46.3 ± 13.9. Treatment was indicated with lansoprazol 30 mg b.d., amoxicil-lin 1 g b.d., and levofloxacin 500 mg daily for 7 days. H. pylori status was rechecked by (14)C urea breath test 6-8 weeks after the end of therapy. Results: Totally 81 patients could complete the treatment and follow-up protocol. Effectiveness was 68%. The distrib-tions of age, gender and smoking were similar between eradicated and non-eradicated groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Seven-day levofloxacin based triple therapy is not very effective in the first-line treatment of H. pylori in-fection. The new treatment modalities should be investigated.


The growth of the gastrointestinal tract of the larvae and juvenile of Alburnus chalcoides was studied after histological analysis using light microscopy, haematoxylin-eosin staining and the mouth development was scanned via electron microscopy. This study focuses on the morphology and histology of the mouth growth and digestive tract of A. chalcoides larvae to test the best weaning time for providing practical diet for fry based on the grade of their morphological aspects. It was observed that on the fifth day after hatching, the larvae mouth was opened. On the eighth day, the yolk sac was absorbed by two-thirds. On the same day, food is fed manually. Yolk sac was completely absorbed in 10th day. The histological base of the esophagus was formed by day 3. At day 3, the formation of enterocytes started. Also, the larvae hepatopancreas was formed on 5th day. According to the results, it was observed that after 8 days onwards, larvae of these fish can have a proper diet. At this day, the size of the mouth was 84 µm. when the lips were formed within 20 days and for the mouth angles 45oand 90o, the food size for mouth, was 168 and 307 μm, respectively.


BACKGROUND
Artificial Intelligence is ever-expanding and large-language models are increasingly shaping teaching and learning experiences. ChatGPT is a prominent recent example of this technology and has generated much debate around the benefits and disadvantages of chatbots in educational domains.

AIM
This study seeks to demonstrate the possible use-cases of ChatGPT in supporting educational methods specific to social psychiatry.

METHODS
Through interactions with ChatGPT 3.5, we asked this technology to list six ways in which it could aid social psychiatry teaching. Subsequently, we requested that ChatGPT perform one of the tasks it identified in its responses.

FINDINGS
ChatGPT highlighted several roles it could fulfil in educational settings, including as an information provider, a tool for debates and discussions, a facilitator of self-directed learning and a content-creator for course materials. For the latter scenario, based on another prompt, ChatGPT generated a hypothetical case vignette for a topic relevant to social psychiatry.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on our experiences, ChatGPT can be an effective teaching tool, offering opportunities for active and case-based learning for students and instructors in social psychiatry. However, in their current form, chatbots have several limitations that must be considered, including misinformation and inherent biases, although these may only be temporary in nature as these technologies continue to advance. Accordingly, we argue that large-language models can support social psychiatry education with appropriate caution and encourage educators to become attuned to their potential through further detailed research in this area.


Cannon fodder are expendable soldiers deployed as "food" for enemy cannon fire when there is no hope of ultimately prevailing: generals dispose of "worthless" soldiers by sacrificing them to the cannon. Here, I adopt the term Canon fodder to describe contrarian scientific concepts dismissed because they do not conform to conventional wisdom: reviewers dispose of "unworthy" science by sacrificing it to the canon.

It is a rare opportunity to be invited to opine to one's peers on a topic of choice. Actually, my peers are my chosen topic. Specifically, peer review. Twenty-five years ago, I eschewed job security as an interventional cardiologist in favor of academic research. Consequently, I needed NIH R01 funding. After my initial attempts failed spectacularly, one of my mentors (it was Jeff Robbins or Rick Walsh, or perhaps both) provided surprising guidance: I should compose my grant application with 4 specific aims, then discard the most exciting aim and submit what remained. This would avoid provocation in favor of the conventional and acceptable. It was sage advice from highly successful senior investigators (I learned this the hard way, by initially disregarding it and suffering the consequences).

I envisioned testing the neurohormonal hypothesis of heart failure1 by expressing in cardiac myocytes a signaling molecule common to neurohormonal pathways postulated to mediate pathological hypertrophy. I would use the then-new mouse α-myosin heavy chain (α-MHC) promoter2 to drive cardiac-specific expression of the α subunit of heterotrimeric G-protein, Gq, the common proximal transducer for angtiotensin II (type 1), endothelin, and norepinephrine (α-adrenergic) signaling.3 I reasoned that cardiomyocyte-specific activation of Gq signaling would circumvent hemodynamic effects (eg, hypertension) of Gq-coupled neurohormones. If the planned Gαq transgenic mice developed hypertrophy and heart failure, then cardiomyocytes were autonomously responding to neurohormonal signaling, thus proving the neurohormonal hypothesis. My first postdoctoral …


f g overlay q q q q q q q q q q n n O n n k k k O n n 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 Introduction and background