China is entering a period of rapid urban development. With the rapid expansion of cities, a large number of peasants have lost their land as a result. Given the development of urbanization, safeguarding the rights and interests of land-lost peasants in the process of urbanization has become a new topic of interest in China. In this study, based on game theory, we analyze the interests of the local government and land-lost peasants in several rounds of the citizenization process. The result demonstrated the following: (1) this paper proposed that overall interest declines in the entire game, in which the peasant can obtain a greater share of benefits from bargaining with the local government; (2) However, a long bargaining process would lead to the diminishment of peasants' rights and benefits. In contrast, the local government would obtain greater share of benefits than the peasant and would obtain fewer benefits than at the beginning of the process. Therefore, both sides expect to end the game process early; (3) Under the "rational economic man" process, this process will always tend to be one in which one party struggles while the other compromises. Therefore, in the game, the game process will not reach a game equilibrium state and both sides will be at a stalemate; (4) The local government, as the power owner, is expected to surrender its interests as the "rational economic man" for the Pareto optimality; (5) Finally, we proposed policy recommendations for the sustainability of citizenization. Increasing the public service benefits, establishing the system of subsistence allowances and raising the minimum living allowance of citizenization, improving the training and employment service system for the peasant can improve land-lost peasants' acceptance in the game.


We develop a model for the redshift-space correlation function, valid for both dark matter particles and halos on scales $>5\,h^{-1}$Mpc. In its simplest formulation, the model requires the knowledge of the first three moments of the line-of-sight pairwise velocity distribution plus two well-defined dimensionless parameters. The model is obtained by extending the Gaussian-Gaussianity prescription for the velocity distribution, developed in a previous paper, to a more general concept allowing for local skewness, which is required to match simulations. We compare the model with the well known Gaussian streaming model and the more recent Edgeworth streaming model. Using N-body simulations as a reference, we show that our model gives a precise description of the redshift-space clustering over a wider range of scales. We do not discuss the theoretical prescription for the evaluation of the velocity moments, leaving this topic to further investigation.


The continuous wireline core drilling of the COSC-1 borehole (Jämtland, Central Sweden) offered the unique opportunity to combine data and findings from drilling mud gas monitoring, downhole geophysical logging and drill core analysis. The COSC project aims to better understand deep orogenic processes in mountain belts in a major mid-Paleozoic environment in western Scandinavia. The 2.5 km deep fully cored borehole COSC-1 was drilled in 2014 into the lower part of the Seve Nappe Complex, characterized by a thick sequence of high-grade metamorphic rocks. Here, we present results from a combination of drill mud gas monitoring with data from geophysical logging and core analysis to identify and characterize fluid-bearing open fractures during drilling of metamorphic rocks. Geophysical downhole logging is an established technique for extracting information from the underground. Online monitoring of drilling mud gas (OLGA) is also increasingly used in scientific drilling operations, but a combined interpretation of the data sets obtained with these methods has rarely been carried out in the past. Nearly complete gas records were obtained by OLGA with three meter depth resolution from 662 m to 1709 m and six meter resolution from 1709 m to 2490 m depth (COSC-1 total depth: 2496 m) for hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide and helium by on-line drilling mud gas monitoring. Between 662 m and approx. 1550 m, both He and CH4 form broad peaks superimposed by several spike-like features. Zones with gas spikes coincide with high resistivity intervals identified by dual laterolog measurements and show fractures in optical drill core scans, borehole televiewer images, and visual core inspection. Therefore, we assume gas inflow through open fractures where deep/shallow resistivity ratios is greater than 1.5 imply the presence of free gas. The correlation between helium and deep/shallow resistivity ratios no longer appears at depths greater than 1550 m, probably because the formation gases are dissolved in formation fluids at higher pressure. 13 gas zones found in the depth interval 662 – 1550 m match with areas of higher resistivity and with open fractures identified by optical core logging. Below 1550 m depth, He drops significantly, whereas CH4 remains relatively high and H2 and CO2 reach maximum values. The high amount of hydrogen and methane at depths below 1616 m, from where friction between the casing and the drill string was reported, imply that these gases are most certainly artificially generated at depths below 1616 m and at least partly of artificial origin at shallower depths. Comparison between OLGA data and resistivity downhole logging data can help to estimate degassing depths: at depths where OLGA identified formation gases, concurrent high resistivity would be diagnostic for free gas, whereas low resistivity would imply gases dissolved in saline formation fluids.


The invention discloses an intelligent mobile phone with functions of measuring length and angle, and a measurement method of the intelligent mobile phone, belonging to an intelligent mobile phone. The intelligent mobile phone comprises a length measurement module, an angle measurement module and a processor, wherein the length measurement module and the angle measurement module are respectively connected with the processor; a display interface of the intelligent mobile phone is defined to be a coordinate axis interface by the processor; the intelligent mobile phone can be used for reading the input point position signals input onto the coordinate axis through the length measurement module; the processor is used for calculating the length distance between the input points; the length distance is displayed on the display interface by the length measurement module; the intelligent mobile phone can be used for reading a coordinate axis rotating signal for rotating the coordinate axis by taking the origin of the coordinate axis as an axis point through the angle measurement module; and the rotating angle of the coordinate axis can be calculated by the processor. The intelligent mobile phone and the measurement method of the intelligent mobile phone have the beneficial effect that the basic length measurement and angle measurement can be conveniently realized by the mobile phone under the condition that no measurement tool is available, so that the use convenience can be improved.


ODR is defined as any dispute resolution process which is mainly carried out with the assistance provided with the use of ICT. The most significant advantage of ODR is that it allows resolving disputes at distance without the need for traveling thus reducing the costs of the procedure for the parties. Sophisticated asynchronous communication enhanced by the artificial intelligence delivers a more convenient and flexible option for parties to amicably resolve their dispute. Considering the traditional court venues in the form of litigation or arbitration for a party in order to receive fair redress in the cross-boarder and low- value claim is pure science fiction. This lack of access to justice deprives the party of its rights and the claimant inevitably resigns to pursue the dispute. This is the gap where ODR as the only mechanism available fits in. As I summarize my findings of this thesis in the final conclusion I try to make a further step in the second and very important area of ODR, i.e dispute avoidance. I share my concerns and strong beliefs in the big future of this ICT driven by mechanism which might revolutionize the whole legal industry market.


Budapest, Hungary Abstract Cisplatin chemotherapy causes several metabolic alterations in the living system. One of these is the modification of element level in the body fluids and organs resulting modified element correlations. Therefore the purpose of this study was to calculate the correlations between element pairs. In a rat experiment, animals were treated with cisplatin by injected i.p. with a single dose of 6.5 mg/kg body weight, while the control group received 1% (w/v) methyl cellulose at 10 mL/kg body weight, p.o. by gastric gavage twice daily for 14 days. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used for measuring Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Pt, S, Sb, Si, Sn, Sr, V, Zn content, and polarography was used to determine Se content in the plasma and kidney of rats. From the results, correlation calculations were made. The results show that most of the significant correlations in the plasma of control rats remained in the plasma of cisplatin treated rats that prove the fast hydrolysis and excretion of cisplatin from the blood. In the kidney where the platinum accumulation changes the element level at a higher rate, the correlations significantly modified and remained only for 5 element pairs (Mg-P, Mg-S, Mg-Zn, P-S


Baikhaky s historical work "Tarikhi Baikhaky " is one of the principal sources for the studies of grammatical and morphological peculiarities of the vocabulary of the Dari (Farsi) classical language. The article dwells on the lexical properties of derivative verbs with the prefix bar-. On the grounds of the rich factual material the author analyzes the peculiarities of the construction of such derivative verbs and the ways of their usage in Baikhaky s book. In the majority of cases changes of meaning under a reinstatement of prefix bar in the structure of a verb are not elicited with rare exception; examples being delivered.


Digital technologies are providing heritage institutions and stakeholder publics with new possibilities for sharing curatorial and ethnographic authority. More than creating access to museum collections, institutional practices of making digital records public have opened spaces for "virtual repatriation" and the production of alternative representations of tangible and intangible cultural heritage. In 2009, a delegation of Inuvialuit elders, youth, cultural workers, and media producers traveled with anthropologists to the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of Natural History to view and document the MacFarlane Collection, arguably the most significant collection of Inuvialuit material culture. In the months after the visit, the group worked with Smithsonian curators and developers of the Reciprocal Research Network (RRN) to make the MacFarlane Collection's digital records available for the Inuvialuit production of a virtual exhibit and archive. In lieu of physical repatriation, the exhibit producers leveraged the RRN's API (Application Programming Interface) to recontextualize publicly available institutional data as a virtual repatriation of the collection. "Inuvialuit Living History" demonstrates ongoing connections between the MacFarlane Collection and contemporary Inuvialuit knowledge and cultural practice. In the process, new questions are raised about histories of ownership, the possibility of physical repatriation, and opportunities and challenges associated with the digitization and return of cultural heritage.


Building on previous studies that documented psychological withdrawal or distancing from one's employing organization as one kind of response to major organizational change, this study developed and tested a dependence-regulation account of psychological distancing responses. This account was derived from social psychological analysis of interpersonal relationships and interdependence theory. It emphasizes the self-protective function of psychological distancing when the employment relationship is threatened by changes such as corporate mergers or acquisitions. The theory holds that people can reduce threatened losses to identity as a member of their organization or to the tangible benefits of organizational membership through psychological distancing actions such as devaluing the organization or disengaging cognitively or behaviourally (e.g. through reduced organizational identification, increased thoughts of quitting or absenteeism). Applicability of the theory to explain reactions to major organizational change was supported in findings of a survey of 62 bank employees whose organization was seeking a merger with another bank. Dependence on the employer (prospects for getting a comparable job elsewhere) was found to moderate the association between anticipated negative consequences of the merger ('uncertainty') and two indicators of distancing, namely affective commitment to the organization and satisfaction with the organization as employer. Other findings pointed to a degree of realism in employees' threat appraisals. Implications for management and for future research were derived, partly by considering the possible role of employee self-esteem in distancing oneself from the organization.


the process of receiving the feedback can itself actually damage the solitary tract nuclei.7,8 The excitatory return-messaging is believed to significantly increase the metabolic rate of parenchymal tissue in dendritic areas of the solitary tract nuclei, where much of that parenchyma is perfused by only a limited watershed vasculature. The result is focal areas of ischemia and occasionally infarction.7,8 These medullary ischemic lesions often then cause further problems by triggering violent autonomic discharges, which are life-threatening.9 The specific mechanisms are unknown.9 Ischemic lesion formation in the solitary tract nuclei of patients with central sleep apnea and/or heart failure disrupts medullary brain autonomic regulation, and may induce severe cardiac arrhythmias.7–9 The failure of the various recent clinical trials1–3 to prevent life-threatening cardiac events possibly lies in their failure to address the focal physiological mismatch causing medullary brain ischemia.7–9 The improvement in nocturnal systemic blood gasses probably has little overall effect on this focal physiological mismatch, which is often localized primarily to the solitary tract nuclei.


Timestep in the Finite Difference Time Domain method (FDTD) is constrained by the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) limit. Several methods have been proposed to break the CFL barrier, including implicit formulations, spatial filtering, and projection of FDTD equations onto a stable subspace. In this work we present a novel approach based on model order reduction of FDTD equations. Compared to existing techniques, the new method has higher computational efficiency, guarantees stability below and above the CFL limit, and preserves the structure of FDTD equations.


Based on the analysis of the sealing and preservation characteristics of 46 large and medium gas fields in different types of basin,the sealing ability of the caprocks was examined using comprehensive evaluation parameters.The gas sealing ability in foreland basins,followed by rift basins,is the best,and that in cratonic basins is the worst.The preservation conditions of the fields were studied according to the gas accumulation time.The gas accumulation in rift basins is relatively late,and their preservation conditions are good.The preservation conditions in foreland and crationic basins are poor.The gas accumulation efficiency of foreland basin is the highest,followed in turn by rift basin and cratonic basin.According to the relationship between accumulation efficiency and sealing and preservation conditions,to form highly efficient large and medium gas fields,the minimum sealing parameter value for cratonic basin should be about 3.1×10~9m/s,for rift basin about 7.0×10~9m/s, and for foreland basin 9.7×10~8m/s.


Industry 4.0 will not only change the way we work, but it will also change the process and management of work. This will impact all the dimensions of the labour market. If we are enhancing the industry on one hand, we also need to think about upskilling of labour on the other hand. What kind of employment opportunities will it generate for the labour force? Will it solve the problem of unemployment of the people present in the developing and developed worlds? As purchasing power parity of people is equally important along with the production of goods, to what extents will Industry 4.0 be sustainable? The other factors we need to consider with these issues are cyber security, data protection, climate change, impact on women empowerment, and achieving gender balance in this sector of economy. This is what is explored in this chapter.


Knowledge information society made great difference in the living of people. The occupation and lifestyle have been changed from life of specialist to general life, and continuous interest and investment for the 'sports for all' are achieved according to high national income. The interest for the health have been gradually raised as national level of life was elevated. The 'sports for all' is being activated, systematic management and industrialization should be practiced simultaneously For this, I developed the database table using data analysis with 'Structure Query Language' and studied database of 'sports for all' information industrialization from the proceedings of society, journals and studies. The design of database is very important from the initial step of system construction. For continuous update, coding that makes the single database and table from database of local homepage using individual homepage is needed. The data-table for local area should be made separately and table of database should be developed as relation-form. The construction of database is composed of 4 tables. Based on the nation-wide table, large fraction table of each city and province, medium fraction table of each 'Gu', and item table for each items, and the table for the management of general member are constructed. The large fraction table selected the representative code "A" for Korean administration city and province, and in each fraction, 5 of clearance was made for preparing the database construction and change. For continuous development, if we estimate the industry definition of diversification period and develop the related studies, we could make the broad meaning of 'sports for all' industrialization.


Helicobacter pylori has been implicated in the pathogenesis of most important gastroduodenal diseases, such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric carcinoma and has been defined as a Class I carcinogen (Moller et al., 1995). H. pylori can be subclassified into 'cag' pathogenicity
island (cagPAI)-positive and cagPAI-negative strains based on the presence or absence of cagPAI, a 40-kb genome fragment containing 31 genes (Tomb et al., 1997). There is enormous heterogeneity in the consequences of H. pylori infection, however more severe disease manifestations have been attributed to infection by cagPAI-positive isolates (Blaser et al., 1998). Currently, the most preferred H. pylori eradication therapy employ, one proton pump
inhibitor (e.g. omeprazole) and two antibiotics (e.g. trinidazole and amoxicillin or clarithromycin)
(Bytzer et al., 2005). However, such multiple therapy regiments have not been very successful in clinical practice, since the overuse or rather misuse of antibacterial agents have resulted in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, the main cause of treatment
failure along with adverse side effects in some cases (Bytzer et al., 2005 and Cameron et al., 2004). Increasing complications in the conventional triple-therapies stimulate an urgent need to develop new non-antibiotic antibacterial agents for H. pylori infection that
are highly effective, safe and have novel drug targets.


A series of Bi 2 O 3 /TiO 2 composite photocatalysts (T, 0.5BT, 1.0BT, 2.0BT, 4.0BT, 6.0BT and 8.0BT) were synthesized and used to degrade aqueous bisphenol A (BPA) under simulated sunlight irradiation. The structures of the photocatalysts were extensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS). UV-visible spectral analysis indicated that all of the Bi 2 O 3 /TiO 2 photocatalysts shifted their absorption band toward visible light, and reduced energy gap. The experimental results indicated that aqueous BPA with a Bi-Ti atomic ratio of 4:96 was the most effective in degrading BPA under simulated sunlight irradiation.


Cancer is a potentially life-threatening disease. This can affect the patient's self-efficacy. The integration of religious counseling is expected to increase self efficacy in lheukemia patients. This qualitative research uses a case study approach with the subject of one lheukemia patient. Data mining in this research was carried out by observation, interview, then the data were analyzed by data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed that individual counseling by integrating the religious greatness of God, sincerity, patience, repentance, and prayer made patients more enthusiastic in undergoing the treatment process and eager to undergo daily activities.


Objective To investigate effects and improvement rate steady long term by advising patients who underwent stereotactic surgery to make rehabilitation training continuously after discharged.Methods Since January 1999,advice of continuous rehabilitation training have been given to patients who undergone stereotactic surgery in our hospital after discharged.The content of advice included extremity movement function training,taking medicines appropriately,dieting properly and controlling emotion.Results In rehabilitation training group,there was obvious difference in the UPDRS subscore of activities of daily life(ADL) and UPDRS subscore of motor in the off state between the data of 2 years postoperatively and that of 1 week postoperatively.Conclusion Taking extremity movement function rehabilitation training as main method,playing an important role in long term treating Parkinson's Disease for life,the comprehensive therapy is one of the most important factor that affects on curative effects of stereotactic surgery and maintaining improvement rate steady long term postoperatively.


Every morning began the same. He would check website after website, monitor breaking news, immerse himself fully in what he called the stream of Internet consciousness. There was also Twitter, and the latest videos, and hot new memes. Scan, cull, curate, comment, repeat. All day. Seven days a week.


As the requirement for multimedia applications and high speed data rate transmission increases, the industry standards for high bandwidth and high speed data rate are also proposed one after one. The IEEE 802.16 is a series of standards of wireless broadband communication protocols. IEEE 802.16 mainly defines two aspects of the air interface: the PHY (Physical) layer and the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer. This thesis is based on a MAC protocol architecture of a 3-plane design basis. In data plane, a flow and a method of header generation are proposed and implemented. This flow and method can also apply to other communication protocols in different systems other than IEEE 802.16. In control plane, an implementation flow of TLV encoding/decoding is proposed and implemented. Afterward, it's integrated with an implemented MAC protocol emulator.


Two allotypes of rabbit IgM immunoglobulins have been identified with antisera obtained by cross immunization of rabbits with cold agglutinins. These two allotypic specificities, n81 and n82 allotypes segregate as if controlled by allelic genes; in addition, the n locus is closely linked to the a locus which controls the variable part of the heavy chain.


Block-based programming environments are a good way to teach beginners how to code, in part because they eliminate syntax errors and provide visual feedback. However, many of the existing environments do not explicitly support synchronous collaboration. Collaboration is a critical component of computer science practice and CS education. We therefore argue that features to support collaboration could significantly enhance existing and new block-based programming environments. We review existing block-based programming environments, suggest design ideas for supporting synchronous collaboration, and evaluate environments that currently support some of these features.


Different views exist as far as corporate social involvement is concerned. In the long run, however, business will have to take notice of what society expects in this respect. In order to measure these expectations of society, a 5-point Likert scale was developed. The scale was completed by a sample of 94 persons and tested for its validity and reliability. The results show that subjects involved in the survey definitely expect from business some extent of social involvement. Because of the limited sample, however, these results must only be viewed as an indication of what society expects from the business community.


According to the national existing monitoring technical specifications,combined with the actual practice of mobile communication base station construction and monitoring,this paper explains the monitoring key points and monitoring equipment requirements.


Regulatory T cells (Treg) that express the transcription factor Foxp3 are enriched within a broad range of murine and human solid tumors. The ontogeny of these Foxp3 Tregs selective accumulation or proliferation of natural thymus-derived Treg (nTreg) or induced Treg (iTreg) converted in the periphery from naïve T cells is not known. We used several strains of mice in which Foxp3 and EGFP are coordinately expressed to address this issue. We confirmed that Foxp3-positive CD4 T cells are enriched among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and splenocytes (SPL) in B16 murine melanoma-bearing C57BL/6 Foxp3 mice. OT-II Foxp3 mice are essentially devoid of nTreg, having transgenic CD4 T cells that recognize a class II-restricted epitope derived from ovalbumin; Foxp3 expression could not be detected in TIL or SPL in these mice when implanted with ovalbumin-transfected B16 tumor (B16-OVA). Likewise, TIL isolated from B16 tumors implanted in Pmel-1 Foxp3 mice, whose CD8 T cells recognize a class I-restricted gp100 epitope, were not induced to express Foxp3. All of these T cell populations wild-type CD4, pmel CD8 and OTII CD4 could be induced in vitro to express Foxp3 by engagement of their T cell receptor (TCR) and exposure to transforming growth factor b (TGFb). B16 melanoma produces TGFb and both pmel CD8 and OTII CD4 express TCR that should be engaged within B16 and B16-OVA respectively. Thus, CD8 and CD4 transgenic T cells in these animal models failed to undergo peripheral induction of Foxp3 in a tumor microenvironment. Background Treg play an essential role in maintaining immunological self-tolerance [1]. Approximately 10% of CD4 T cells express the transcription factor FoxP3 (forhead box P3 transcription factor); humans and mice with inactivating Foxp3 mutations have autoimmune diseases [2-4]. Treg dominantly suppress immune responses through direct contact with dendritic cells, effector T cells and possibly through secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines [5,6]. Fewer than 1% of CD8 T cells express Foxp3, and the biology of this very small population of naturally occurring, thymus-derived T cell have not been well studied. However, this transcription factor can be induced in both CD4 and CD8 T cells through engagement of their T cell receptors (TCR) and exposure to transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) [7-10]. These so called "induced" Treg (iTreg), both CD4 and CD8, can acquire dominant suppressor phenotype in a variety of experimental models [11-13]. Many studies have shown that the number of Treg are significantly increased in the peripheral blood, bone marrow, tumor draining lymph nodes, and TIL of mice and humans bearing many types of hematologic and solid malignancies including breast [14], colorectal [15], esophageal [16], gastric [17], hepatocellular [18], lung [19], melanoma [20], ovarian [21], and pancreatic cancers [14]. It has been hypothesized that these Treg may be involved with promoting tumor progression, as they are even more enriched in advanced tumors [22]. The number of Foxp3 Treg within human tumors has also been correlated with a poorer prognosis. Patients with ovarian or gastric cancer and lower numbers of Treg TILs had improved disease-specific survival [23]; those with head and neck cancer also experienced better locoregional control [24]. Treg isolated from human ovarian cancers were able to inhibit Her-2 specific CD8+ effector responses, as measured by proliferation, cytotoxicity, and IL2 and * Correspondence: firstname.lastname@example.com Departments of Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue Room 54-140 CHS Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article Quatromoni et al. Journal of Hematology & Oncology 2011, 4:48 http://www.jhoonline.org/content/4/1/48 JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY & ONCOLOGY © 2011 Quatromoni et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. IFNg production [25]. These and other observations support the view that Foxp3 Treg may dominantly suppress antitumor immune responses. The ontogeny of the enriched Treg population found within tumors, generally CD4, is not fully defined. A selective tumordriven accumulation or proliferation of thymus-derived natural (n)Treg is a possibility. Alternatively, naïve Foxp3 T cells could be induced to express this regulatory transcription factor through tumor-derived signals yielding induced (i)Treg. These signals would include engagement of TCR and exposure to TGFb elaborated by tumors or tumor-associated stroma. We sought to address this question by generating CD8 (Pmel-1) and CD4 (OTII) TCR transgenic mice in which Foxp3 expression could be detected by EGFP expression (Foxp3). These naïve Pmel-1 CD8 and OTII CD4 populations have very low to absent Foxp3 expression but could be induced in T cells in vitro with a combination of T cell receptor (TCR) engagement and TGFb signaling. We reasoned that both of these TCR transgenic cell populations, entering B16 or ovalbumintransfected B16 (B16-OVA) subcutaneous tumors respectively, would be exposed to a comparable set of Foxp3 induction signals. CD4/Foxp3 cells are enriched in B16 tumors and spleen when tumors are propagated in wild-type C57BL/6 Foxp3 mice. However, in neither TCR transgenic mouse did we find evidence of Foxp3 induction among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), splenocytes (SPL) nor lymph nodes (LN). These findings argue indirectly in favor of a preferential accumulation of nTreg in experimental tumors. Materials and methods


Object : Authors, using three immunoistochemical probes in skin injuries, obtains preliminary results in order to determine a better instrument in the evaluation of the injury early - timing
Methods: Immunoistochemical tests for INOS , p-53 and Hsp-70 were performed
Skin specimens from different time related lesions were used
Results : Immediately after death and nearby death we found immunoistochemical positivity


On January 6 of this year, North Korea's official news agency, KCNA, announced that the country had successfully undertaken its fourth nuclear test. The regime declared that the test had been scaled up from the previous three (2006, 2009, and 2013) to realize a hydrogen, or thermonuclear, yield. Satellite photography from the previous year had indicated that the DPRK was undertaking preparations to test at its Punggye-ri site in the northeast of the country, and in December Kim Jongun had declared that North Korea already possessed an "H-bomb."1 These develop- ments occurred against a backdrop where the DPRK's nuclear program has been evolving since 2002 unconstrained by any process of arms control and where the country's second leadership transition in 2011 hardened a commitment to integrating nuclear weapons into North Korea's national strategy. The insertion into the North Korean constitution in 2012 of a reference to the country's nuclear status underscored just how embedded nuclear weapons have become in the DPRK's national role conception.2 Long gone are the days when it could be said that North Korea's nuclear program merely constituted a bargaining chip that could be traded away as a quid pro quo for security assurances, economic aid, and political recognition.While Pyongyang's actions in testing for a fourth time were predictable, any nuclear test in any context is always destabilizing for international security. The international community has observed a moratorium on nuclear testing since 1996, and North Korea's decision to repeatedly disregard this norm over the past decade marks it out as a pariah state par excellence. The regime's issuance of direct nuclear threats against regional neighbors in March-April 2013 represented a low point in recent memory, but a decision to keep testing nuclear weapons despite overwhelming global condemnation exemplifies North Korea's international isolation. However, no matter how shocking, the most recent test has been met with a somewhat pedestrian reaction, at least at the time of writing. Reflexive calls for the resumption of the Six-Party Talks have been made-or, in the case of South Korea, a call for "FiveParty Talks" minus the DPRK-but there is a growing resignation that the time for negotiating with Pyongyang over its nuclear program has well and truly passed.Washington has sought to reassure its regional allies, Japan and South Korea, with extended (nuclear) deterrence declarations and force posture demonstrations, and has once again pointed the finger at China for failing to do enough to pressure Pyongyang to exercise restraint. The Obama administration, like the Bush administration before it, has attempted to leverage North Korea's latest test to ratchet up discomfort levels in Beijing.3 At least publicly, in U.S. policy circles, little attention has been devoted to the proposition that China may have little real leverage over the regime in Pyongyang that has effectively refused to engage the current Chinese leadership. Beijing, still smarting over Kim Jong-un's pointed refusal to inform his Chinese counterparts that the January test would take place,4 has alleged that Washington's lack of willingness to engage Pyongyang in bilateral dialogue has been a major factor driving the North's nuclear program. This blame shifting on the part of the great powers obscures the reality that the continued development of the DPRK's nuclear weapons program is equally bad news for Washington and Beijing. It poses a policy challenge of significant proportions: having failed to prevent North Korea from going nuclear, how (if at all) can that country's emergence as a fullyfledged nuclear power be managed? The absence of reassuring answers to this basic question raises serious concerns about future security in Northeast Asia.In this commentary, I address the significance of the January 2016 test. I argue that each successive nuclear test by the DPRK not only provides further evidence that the regime has no intention of relinquishing its weapons program, in tandem with North Korea's active ballistic missile testing program it also signals intent to build up a major strategic arsenal capable of striking a range of targets across Asia and further afield in the Pacific, including the continental United States. …


It is shown that lanthanide shift reagents induce in the spectra of simple amides unexpected additional peaks and that this effect depends on the nature of the shift reagent used.


[Purpose] We need to regularly evaluate motor function to sustain the health of community-dwelling older adults. Our study aimed to identify the kinematic characteristics of healthy older adults in the Timed Up and Go test because the criteria for assessing the motor function of healthy older adults are unclear in the widely used clinical simple methods. [Participants and Methods] In total, 22 healthy younger and 28 healthy older adults participated in this study. Using a 3D motion analysis system, we measured the time ratios, trajectories, trajectory length per unit time, and body inclination angles during the Timed Up and Go test. We compared the kinematic characteristics of the older and younger adults. [Results] The older adults required a longer time ratio to complete the turn and sit subtasks. The trajectory of the older adults' turn subtask was longer than that of the younger adults. Older adults' body inclination angles during the turn subtask were smaller than that of the younger adults. [Conclusion] Healthy older adults had a different kinematic index from younger adults during the Timed Up and Go turn subtask. Therefore, we suggest the kinematic index of posture and turning radius be used to measure Timed Up and Go as a clinically useful index for understanding the motor characteristics of older adults.


Skin testing for tuberculosis (TB) utilizes a form of the diagnostic reagent tuberculin . The multiple puncture technique is referred to as the Heaf, or tine test, whereas purified protein derivative (PPD-S) is commonly administered by intradermal injection, called the Mantoux technique after Charles Mantoux, who described the technique in the early part of the twentieth century . Old Tuberculin is used clinically only in the multiple puncture technique. PPD-S can also be used in some systems for multiple puncture, but the standard PPD-S solution should never be used in the multiple puncture technique as its concentration is not standardized for the technique . In the multiple puncture systems, only PPD-S designed for that system should be used . PPD-S occasionally is administered as "first strength" (1 TU) or "second strength" (250 TU) and is equivalent to a 1 :100 concentration of OT . The clinical utility of firstand secondstrength tuberculin is poorly defined . Intermediate-strength PPD-S remains the best studied . PPD-S, even when stabilized with Tween-80, is sensitive to light and to a certain extent to temperature . Thus it should be stored in a refrigerator .


An appropriate utilization of information technology (IT) wouldenable a company to gain competitive advantages, while improvingindividual performances of the company's employees. Before utilizing IT,an IT developer must understand factors considered in deciding ITapplication. This research aims to investigate factors influencing ITutilization and the impact on individual performance in Taxation OfficeKPP Pratama West Denpasar. Sample consists of all employees using ITto have job done. Data are obtained using questionnaire anddocumentation. Hypothesis are tested with multiple and simpleregression.Results show that factors like social, affect, job fitness, long-termconsequences, and job complexity simultaneously affect IT utilizationpositively and significantly. Partially, job fitness and long-termconsequences provide positive and significant impact; while social factor,affect, and complexity have positive relation with IT utilization but notsignificant. Furthermore, facilitating condition factor negatively relatedbut insignificant to IT utilization. Finally, the IT utilization affectsindividual performance positively and significantly.


Accurate prediction of creep deformation is critical to assuring the mechanical integrity of heavy-duty, industrial gas turbine (IGT) hardware. The classical description of the creep deformation curve consists of a brief primary, followed by a longer secondary, and then a brief tertiary creep phase. An examination of creep tests at four temperatures for a proprietary, nickel-based, equiaxed, super-alloy revealed many occasions where there is no clear transition from secondary to tertiary creep. This paper presents a new creep model for a Nickel-based super-alloy, with some similarities to the Theta Projection (TP) creep model by Evans and all [1].The alternative creep equation presented here was developed using meaningful parameters, or θ's, such as: the primary creep strain, time at primary creep strain, minimum (or secondary) creep rate, and time that tertiary creep begins. By plotting the first and second derivative of creep, the authors were able to develop a creep equation that accurately matches tests. This creep equation is identical to the primary creep portion of the theta projection model, but has a modified second term. An additional term is included to simulate tertiary creep. An overall scaling factor is used to satisfy physical constraints and ensure solution stability. The new model allows a constant creep rate phase to be maintained, captures tertiary creep, and satisfies physical constraints.The coefficients of the creep equations were developed using results from 27 creep tests performed at 4 temperatures. An automated routine was developed to directly fit the θ coefficients for each phase, resulting in a close overall fit for the material. The resultant constitutive creep model can be applied to components which are subjected to a wide range of temperatures and stresses. Useful information is provided to designers in the form of time to secondary and tertiary creep for a given stress and temperature. More accurate creep predictions allow PSM to improve the structural integrity of its turbine blades and vanes.© 2013 ASME


 Abstract—Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 2 (NS2) is a transmembranal protein with a hydrophobic amino-terminal subdomain containing up to three putative transmembrane segments and a carboxyterminal cytoplasmic domain. It is believed that NS2 plays a crucial role in major processes during the propagation of virus such as viral replication, assembly, regulation of cellular gene expression and in the induction of apoptosis. The present study describes the sequence and mutational analysis of NS2 from Pakistani isolates of 3a genotype (3a GT). A total of 18 amino acid changes were observed out of which fourteen were frequently reported in other genotypes. Our data however revealed 4 rare mutations in NS2. The effects of these mutations were then examined in the secondary and tertiary structures. At secondary structure level, a significant difference in the transmembrane segment 3 helix1 was noticed which is critically involve in viral assembly on the other hand the protease domain was fully conserved. This study revealed that though NS2 is relatively conserved its N terminal transmembranal part exhibit genotype specific variations and need further investigations across all genotypes. domain (residues 94-217) of NS2, together with residues 1-181 of NS3, forms the NS2-3 protease (5). Cleavage at the NS2/NS3 junction is required for RNA replication of full length HCV replicons (6), in the infectious tissue culture system (7) and in chimpanzees (8). It is believed that NS2 plays a crucial role in major processes during the propagation of virus such as regulation of cellular gene expression (9), in the induction of apoptosis (10), in the viral assembly process (5) and in viral replication process (9). The exact role NS2 in virus assembly is not yet completely deciphered and lot of information is still missing. Study of this particular gene of the virus and the role of its protein product needs to be investigated as it might help in the generation of important information for the development of strategies to inhibit viral propagation. The aim of present study was to clone the NS2 gene of hepatitis C virus from Pakistani isolates to identify its mutations and to see their impact on structure and functions of the protein.


The essence of intraeconomic control has been discovered in the article, the scientists' points of views have been systematized, the peculiarities and main tasks of this type of control have been considered. The problematic questions, the solving of which will contribute to broadening of intraeconomic control of the operations with commodity – material values and provide efficient management of an enterprise, have been stated.


A comprehensive scheme for processing all arc-produced gadolinium monometallofullerenes into separate quantified fractions is presented. As generated by the carbon arc process, endohedral metallofullerenes are entrained in a complex mixture of more abundant empty fullerenes and carbonaceous soot. The process described herein exploits the differences in solubility and redox reactivity between different classes of Gd@C2n and empty fullerenes to effect their separation from one another. Importantly, the processes not only facilitate use of the normally soluble metallofullerenes, such as Gd@C82, but also provide access to the normally insoluble metallofullerenes, such as Gd@C60. In quantifying the Gd@C2n contents of the different obtained fractions, the normally soluble Gd@C2n are found to be about a 10% minority of the total arc metallofullerene product, while the normally insoluble Gd@C2n comprise up to as much as 90% of the total amount of arc-produced Gd@C2n. Thus, new access to the insoluble class of Gd@...


This paper presents the practical closed‐form solutions for elastic settlement under the linear full‐contact pressures on rectangular areas resting upon an elastic mass. The linear pressure distribution is mostly assumed in practice for the rectangular footing having biaxial bending. The equations presented here are determined by evaluating the integration of Steinbrenner's strain approximation based on the stress solutions from the Boussinesq equations. The presented formulae are validated to be used for the elastic settlement under any point of linear full‐contact loading, triangular and embankment types of pressure cases. In this respect, it represents a significant step forward in the understanding of elastic settlement and rotation under the practical loading cases. The presented solutions are concise and easy to use. The numerical examples are demonstrated and the resulting influence factors in graphical forms are presented for their practical use especially in the elastic settlement calculations of rectangular footing subjected to the biaxial bending. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


cholarly attention to the question of how electoral structure affects minority representation has become a focus of research during the past decade. Davidson and Korbel (1981), Meier and England (1984), and Heilig and Mundt (1984) each provide reviews of this literature. Essentially, they confirm what Davidson and Korbel term the "conventional hypothesis" (1981: 92-93): that at-large elections systems dilute minority representation. (See, Karnig 1976; Robinson and Dye 1978; Engstrom and McDonald 1981; Meier, Stewart, and England 1989.) When local school boards change from at-large schemes to forms of district election, we expect expanded minority representation of those school boards.' More important than a symbolic change is the question of real policy impact. In this paper we examine the electoral and policy impact of changing from an at-large system to a districting system for school board elections in one state. By limiting our focus, we hope to avoid potential confounding caused by differences among Latino groups or by inter-state differences.2 Essentially we ask whether it makes a difference to


Background
The existing constructions of natural gas purification devices are not safe; the occurrence of the solid fragments, welding and corrosion elements on the surface of the filtering net cannot be prevented. Moreover the hit of the large solid particles, fragments of filtering net, fragments of the protecting and carrying elements of the filtering device in the case of its destruction on the gas treating devices is not prevented too.
Aims and Objectives
The aim is to develop, analyze and justify the technical decision in order to prevent the hit of the large solid fragments to the purification device, to preclude the propagation of the solids and equipment fragments outside the purification device in the case of its destruction.
Results
In order to prevent the shortcomings listed above there were introduced the technical decisions, according to which there should be installed the protecting coating consisting of two cylindrical perforated shells: the outer cylinder should be located on the side of raw gas entrance into the purification device, otherwise the inner cylinder should be located on the side of pure gas exit from the filtering element. It was shown, that the inner shell is the carrying element, because of the unit, rigidly fastened construction, providing the specified strength and stability for the filtering element.


This article illustrates that in Lu Ling's novels the sorrowful experiences of the wandering family and the ruthless and dark society combine to build up unique "landscape" of death. The novelist not only arranges for the characters' deaths, but also describes the process of those deaths in minute details. These help reveal the writer's heartfelt worry and fear about death, which turns out to yield a stronger longing for life, only that the latter is disguised in curses of death. The Children of the Moneybags is a typical example of such rendering by the writer.


More than 500 children between the ages of 5 and 13 were interviewed using a structured format with visual cues to determine what objects children tend to fear.


Let 1≤a,a+2≤b be intergers. Let G be a graph with a cycle C and of order (?) G (?)≥(a+b)(2a+b+1)/ b . Suppose thatδ(G)≥a+2 and max (?) dG(x) ,dG(y) ≥a|G|/(a+b)+2 for each pair of nonadjacent vertices x and y in G . Then G has a fractional [a,b] - factor F such that E(F)∩E(C)=(?). The lower bound on the degree condition is sharp. As consequences, we obtain the degree conditions for a graph with a Hamiltonian cycle C to have a [a ,b] - factor Fsuch that E(C)(?)E(F)


ROCKFILL IN HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING ROCKFILL IN HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING by D. STEVENSON Edited by Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, P.O. Box 330,Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 216 pages, US $ 44.00. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SISXTH CONFERENCE ON FLUID MACHINER published by Akademiai Kiado, H-1361 Budapest, Hungary, 1979 1324 pages, US$ 115.


R 5 ECENT studies of the Jeffersonian Republicans may leave some readers at a loss. The last fifteen years have brought a new interpretation of the character and sources of Jeffersonian ideas.' This "republican hypothesis" (to modify a term of Robert E. Shalhope's) is a consequence of previous reinterpretations of American Revolutionary thought.2 Like them, it places major emphasis on the persistent influence


Aiming at nondestructive detection and size prediction of defects with high accuracy and resolution, an Induced Current Focusing Potential Drop (ICFPD) technique has been developed. This technique can be applied for determining the location and size of defects in components with not only simple shape such as plain surface but also more complex shape and geometry such as curved surface and dissimilar joint.This paper describes the basic principle of ICFPD and its probe development. In this ICFPD, current was induced in a conductive material by a straight induction wire, which is electrically isolated, placed on it. The benefits of this new technique compared with the conventional ACPD are:(1) Current is induced and focused only at an explorating region.(2) Applicable to defect detection by scanning the sensor probe in an explorating region.(3) Applicable to defect detection in a weld joint of austenitic stainless steel.As the results of the innovation in instrumentation and the improvement in evaluation procedure by use of suitable parameters, the existence of defects is clearly observed as the variation of potential drops, and the nondimensional parameter (Vc, max./Vavg.) has a direct correlation with crack depth. Especially, for the depth less than 5mm, the ICFPD shows higher sensitivity than the conventional ACPD at the frequencies of 3, 10 and 30kHz.


Objective To optimize the preparation process of vitamin E(V_E) liposome and study its characteristics. Methods The V_E liposomes were prepared by five different kinds of methods including ethanol injection method, ether injection method,reverse-phase evaporation method,the thin film hydration method and the double emulsion method.Taking the encapsulation efficiency and conserving rate of V_E liposomes as the evaluation indexes,the optimal preparation method was determined.And the prescription of V_E liposome was optimized by a L_9(3~4 ) orthogonal design.Results The thin film hydration method was chosen to prepare the V_E liposome for the highest encapsulation efficiency and higher conserving rate,and the optimal formula was:phospholipids/V_E /cholesterol=20/0.8/1.5.The TEM images of V_E liposome prepared with optimal formula indicated that the liposome had the fingerprint structure, the zeta potential and average particle size of V_E liposome were-30.9±0.9 mV and 33.7 nm,respectively.Conclusion The V_E liposome prepared with the thin film hydration method can have higher encapsulation efficiency and conserving rate of V_E and narrower particle size distribution.


This paper highlights the workings of Islamic banking and finance in general, and Mudaraba as a finance instrument in particular. Historically Mudaraba was practiced by Arabs long before the advent of Islam, and is therefore considered by many scholars to be the most authentic form of Islamic contract.Yet Mudaraba constitutes a very small percentage of all Islamic financing arrangements. Mudaraba is based on the profit-and-loss sharing system where theoretically the financier and entrepreneur share in the profit and losses of the venture. The paper concludes that Mudaraba is seen as a risky option for financiers and therefore in practice Islamic banks tend to spread the risk of losses and use Mudaraba as a profit-sharing and loss-absorbing instrument.


This paper considers the camera-space position and orientation regulation problem for the camera-in-hand problem via visual serving in the presence of parametric uncertainty associated with the robot dynamics and the camera system. Specifically, an adaptive robot controller is developed that forces the end-effector of a robot manipulator to move such that the position and orientation of an object are regulated to a desired position and orientation in the camera-space, despite parametric uncertainty throughout the entire robot-camera system. An extension is also provided that illustrates how slight modifications can be made to the camera-in-hand control law to achieve adaptive position and orientation tracking of the end-effector in the camera-space for a fixed-camera configuration. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the performance of the adaptive, camera-in-hand controller. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Introduction: During this COVID-19 pandemic, post-graduate trainees being pillars of the healthcare system are subjected to a greater risk of acquiring the infection during their duty hours. It was warranted to assess their attitude and COVID-19 preparedness. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the working post-graduate trainees in ShyamShah Medical College and associated hospitals at Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India in the month of September 2020. A self-administered, anonymous questionnaire comprising of 30 close-ended questions was circulated to gather the relevant information. A total of 200 PG students submitted their responses, out of which 111 complete responses were included in the statistical analysis. Results: Male: female participant ratio was 1.13:1. A total of 72% of participants knew their present COVID-19 status, whether positive (n=13) or negative (n=67). 4 of them were suffering from chronic diseases like asthma. 30-41% of them were taking COVID-19 prophylaxis like hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), vitamin-C, zinc, ayurvedic medicine etc. All participants who were COVID-19 positive thought that they were not well prepared against the virus during their duty hours while 44.1% of participants were anxious about the disease. A significant number of participants (91%) believed that even with all the preparedness it (Corona) may happen to anyone. Conclusion: In the present study, less than 6% of postgraduate trainees were found to have a positive attitude and satisfactory preparedness for self-protection during this critical period.


This paper reports the fabrication of pentacene-based organic thin-film transistors using a dielectric material, Dynasylan ®SIVO110. The devices exhibit excellent performance characterized by a low threshold voltage of −1.4 V (operating voltage: 0 to −4 V) together with a mobility of 1.9 cm2 V−1s−1. These results are promising because it uses only a single layer of dielectric without performing any intermediate treatment. The reason is attributed to the high charge storage capacity of the dielectric (κ ∼ 20.02), a low interfacial trap density (2.56 × 1011cm−2), and favorable pentacene film morphology consisting of large and interconnected grains having an average size of 234 nm.


I would like to begin with some statistics to put this discussion of departures in perspective. A recent survey by the Sentencing Commission indicates that, nationally, departures occur in less than two out of every ten sentences (17%).1 Of those cases where there is a departure, the vast majority (above 80%) involve downward departures. Figures for the Second Circuit for 1989-1990 show a rate of depar ture slightly above the national average; about 23 percent. The rate of downward departures as a percentage of all Second Circuit departures is also higher?about 90 percent. In the Eastern District of New York, judges depart more frequently?in some 30 percent of the cases. The percentage of down ward departures in the district is close to the national average of 80 percent, making for a downward departure in about one in four cases. The guidelines are a tribute to the Commission and its staff, which have made them workable in spite of a complex enabling statute and considerable hostility from judges and lawyers. But they are based on statistical averages, tend to be harsh in em phasizing prison, and fail to take account of many ameliorating circumstances, rehabilitative possibilities and community and family needs. In my view they have not had a positive impact in our district. More over, I find deeply troubling a tendency by the Com mission to try to stamp out whatever remains of the trial court's power to take into account the exigencies of the particular case and the relevant differences among people before it. Whether the "problem" the guidelines were meant to remedy?sentencing disparities?was much of a problem to begin with, and whether sentencing disparities are smaller now, is questionable.2


To analyze the linear correlations of numeric attributes of government data, this paper proposes a method based on the clustering algorithm. A clustering method is adopted to prune outliers and the linear correlation analysis is performed for each cluster, instead for the whole dataset. In this way, the method can obtain multiple correlations between the same two attributes. The paper presents the experiment on the government social security data. Experimental results show that the proposed method is much better than the traditional regression analysis and association rule analysis.


Quantizing weights and activations of deep neural networks results in significant improvement in inference efficiency at the cost of lower accuracy. A source of the accuracy gap between full precision and quantized models is the quantization error. In this work, we focus on the binary quantization, in which values are mapped to -1 and 1. We provide a unified framework to analyze different scaling strategies. Inspired by the pareto-optimality of 2-bits versus 1-bit quantization, we introduce a novel 2-bits quantization with provably least squares error. Our quantization algorithms can be implemented efficiently on the hardware using bitwise operations. We present proofs to show that our proposed methods are optimal, and also provide empirical error analysis. We conduct experiments on the ImageNet dataset and show a reduced accuracy gap when using the proposed least squares quantization algorithms.1


Global environmental concerns call for a prompt introduction of sustainable energy and environmental technologies (SEETs) such as high-efficiency appliances and zero-emission vehicles. In reality, however, their introduction has been slow due to a number of complex factors that have not been systematically examined. This research adopted a holistic approach to analyzing elements surrounding the introduction of SEETs in Japan. Through an adapted version of stakeholder analysis, we identified twenty one categories of stakeholders and nine large categories of environmental factors that facilitate and/or obstruct the introduction of SEETs. The analysis reveals the diversity of stakeholders and environmental factors, the existence of multi-sectoral issues, and the influence of cognition/information-based resources. These suggest the need for a new forum, with a different set of participants and agenda, for preparing strategies for promoting SEETs. Although our research was based on the data from Japan, most of these findings have implications to policy-making processes in other countries and at the international level.


The effect of the deposition temperature on the crystalline quality of (Zn,Mn)O is investigated in thin films prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on c-plane sapphire and GaN substrates. The layers are made of a 0.5μm Mn-doped layer towards the surface on top of a 150nm pure ZnO buffer. Depending on the deposition temperature, the layers can exhibit a columnar structure; the adjacent domains are rotated from one another by 90°, putting [101¯0] and [11¯20] directions face to face. At high Mn concentration the columnar structure is blurred by the formation of Mn rich precipitates. Only one variety of domains is observed at an optimal deposition temperature of 500°C: they are slightly rotated around the [0001] axis (mosaic growth) and bounded by threading dislocations.


The crystalline basement of the West African Craton (WAC) was established during the Siderian to Orosirian (circa 2.35-1.95 Ga) Birimian event through accretion of extensive tracts of juvenile crust that was tectonically juxtaposed with Archean cratons. The Birimian crust is comprised of volcanic belts and sedimentary basins that have been intruded by multiple generations of intrusive rocks and experienced several tectonothermal events. The basement is mainly exposed in two shields in the northern and southern WAC, respectively, both of which are comprised of a western Archean and an eastern Birimian domain. The southern shield is called Man-Leo and includes the Archean Man and Birimian Baoule Mossi domains.

The aim of this thesis has been to create a preliminary regional-global geodynamic model for the Birimian event in the Baoule Mossi domain using mainly available literature data but also including some new data from Ghana in the SE Baoule Mossi domain. Based on this compilation, the geodynamic evolution of the Baoule Mossi domain is divided into four phases; the Eoeburnean (>2.13 Ga), Eburnean I (2.13-2.10 Ga), Eburnean II (2.10-2.07 Ga) and Eburnean III (<2.07 Ga).

The Eoeburnean phase likely began around 2.4-2.3 Ga and is characterized by the accretion of juvenile crust formed in island arcs. A rise in magmatic zircon ages after circa 2.25 Ga may be related to an increase in felsic magmatism as a result of crustal thickening and maturation but also increased preservation of accreted island arcs as a decrease in the number of active subduction zones may have reduced the rate of crustal recycling. Intrusive rocks emplaced during this phase were dominantly sodic granitoids but granites and monzogranites also occur. Tectonothermal and magmatic activity indicate that the Birimian crust in the Baoule Mossi domain experienced both compression and extension during the Eoeburnean phase. By the end of this phase, an eastward dipping subduction zone had been established along the western margin of the Birimian crust in the Baoule Mossi domain.

Several sedimentary basins in central and SE Baoule Mossi were established during the Eburnean I phase. The opening of the sedimentary basins may have taken place during regional NE-SW dextral shearing leading to block rotation and development of N-S sinistral shear zones. This also coincided with the collision between the Archean crust of the Man domain and the Birimian crust in the SW Baoule Mossi domain. The collision also affected the extension of the Baoule Mossi domain in the Guyana shield of the Amazon Craton.

The Eburnean II phase is the most complex. Westward-directed slab rollback in NW Baoule Mossi led to extension within the overriding Birimian crust. This led to the emplacement of high-K intrusive rocks and explosive extrusive magmatism in NW Baoule Mossi, in what may constitute a siliceous large igneous province. Extension also led to the opening of younger sedimentary basins in central Baoule Mossi, possibly along NE-SW oriented shear zones established during the Eburnean I phase. Ongoing collision between the Man domain and the Baoule Mossi domain led to crustal thickening and associated high-P granulite facies metamorphism in the SE Man domain, possibly around 2.10-2.09 Ga. Granulite facies metamorphism is also recorded in the Archean Amapa block in the E Guyana shield at this time. The Amapa block is separated from the Man domain by a wide belt of low-grade Birimian crust. Simultaneous granulite facies metamorphism in both these areas may be explained by lower crustal detachment in hot Birimian crust. This may allow the upper crust to be displaced without significant thickening until it reaches cooler and more rigid crust were thrust belts are developed. Crustal thickening was followed by a switch to post-collisional sinistral transpression coupled with emplacement of extensive leucogranites between 2095-2080 Ma as the sedimentary basins in central Baoule Mossi were closed. In contrast to other parts of the Baoule Mossi domain, the NE part did not experience any significant magmatic activity during this phase, but may have been affected by tectonothermal activity.

The Baoule Mossi domain experienced post-collisional extension during the Eburnean III phase that coincided with the formation of the Bakhuis UHT-granulite belt in the Guyana shield and decompression melting in the Archean crust of SE Man domain and the Amapa block. Limited intrusive and extrusive alkalic post-collisional magmatism was present within the Birmian crust, which cooled and stabilized between 2.0-1.9 Ga. Limited reactivation of the Birimian crust during this period may have taken place in response to far-field events.

On a global scale, the Birimian event led to the assembly of a continent — here referred to as Atlantica-Midgardia-Ur — that incorporated continental blocks now present in Africa, South America, India, East Antarctica, Western Australia and Eastern Europe, India, Antarctica and Western Australia. The assembly of Atlantica-Midgardia-Ur coincided with rifting and breakup among crustal blocks now present in North America, northern Europe, North and south-central Australia, East Antarctica and northern Asia. These blocks were subsequently assembled along 2.0-1.7 Ga accretionary belts culminating with the formation of the supercontinent Columbia around 1.8-1.7 Ga, which also included Atlantica-Midgardia-Ur.

The assembly of Atlantica-Midgardia-Ur has many similarities with the assembly of Gondwana in the Neoproterozoic regarding the timing and duration as well as spatial distribution of tectonothermal and magmatic activity. In addition, many of the crustal blocks which formed part of Gondwana also formed part of Atlantica-Midgardia-Ur. Likewise, the behavior of the crustal blocks in North America, northern Europe, North and south-central Australia, East Antarctica and northern Asia during the assembly of Columbia is equivalent to the behavior of these blocks during the late Paleozoic (0.3 Ga) assembly of the supercontinent Pangea.

The assembly of both Atlantica-Midgardia-Ur and Gondwana coincided with distinct positive excursions in 87Sr/86Sr and δ13C in marine carbonates. The peaks of δ13C excursions coincide with accretionary orogenic activity during both the Birimian event and the assembly of Gondwana. Meanwhile, peaks in 87Sr/86Sr during both cycles coincide with collisional orogenic activity related to the assembly of Atlantica-Midgardia-Ur and Gondwana, respectively. The similarities between the assembly of Columbia and Pangea indicate that they represent two iterations of a particular type of supercontinent, here called Pangea-type.

The similarities between the tectonic events and the excursions in 87Sr/86Sr and δ13C indicate that the global tectonic evolution during the Paleo- and Neoproterozoic was fundamentally the same. A supercontinent (Kenorland) equivalent to Rodinia should therefore have existed during the Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic and broken up in a similar manner to Rodinia. For this reason, Kenorland and Rodinia, as well as the next supercontinent Amasia, can therefore be assumed to represent three iterations of another type of supercontinent, here called Rodinia-type.

Supercontinent cycles thus record the transition from either a Rodinia- to Pangea-type supercontinent, or vice versa. The Rodinia- to Pangea-type supercontinent cycles coincide with periods during which the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere was significantly increased. Rodinia- to Pangea-type supercontinent cycles therefore appear to be particularly important for the evolution of the atmosphere, biosphere and hydrosphere.

If Kenorland was the first supercontinent, then a "true" supercontinent cycle corresponds to the breakup of one Rodinia-type supercontinent and the subsequent assembly of the next Rodinia-type iteration. In this context, Pangea-type supercontinents are only transient stages when enough crust is aggregated to form a supercontinent. The breakup of Kenorland should have mirrored the "inside-out" breakup of Rodinia in the Neoproterozoic and the ongoing assembly of Amasia. This allows for a reverse schematic reconstruction of the continental blocks of Rodinia as they were positioned in Kenorland.

The consistent behavior of most continental blocks since the breakup of Kenorland suggests that they may be divided into three "continental cells". Each cell is characterized by a particular behavior during a Rodinia- to Rodinia-type supercontinent cycle. Transfer of continental blocks between cells may take place during the breakup of a Rodinia-type supercontinent. Transfer seemingly occur in a dynamic fashion in which a given cell "loses" a block to one cell but at the same time "gains" a block from the other cell. As such, the continental blocks are rotated between the cells even as the size of the cells remains unchanged.

Although there are differences between successive Rodinia- to Rodinia-type supercontinent cycles — as shown by the apparent absence of an Atlantic-type ocean during the Kenorland-Rodinia cycle — they are still controlled by the same fundamental cyclicity, which was established during the formation and subsequent breakup of Kenorland.


Some heterocyclic substrates, substituted at the ortho-position of a heteroatom with alkyl substituents bearing a site-selective methyl group, are successfully silylated with reagent (II).


The annual availability of corn genotype is very large, requiring a proper assessment to be indicated for the production of silage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical characteristics of corn genotypes for silage production, and assess whether the grain genetic basis or hardness may change the indication of corn cultivars for silage. The experiment was conducted at the experimental area of the Universidade Tecnologica Federal of Parana, in the randomized block design, evaluating 30 genotypes of experiment Super Early South. It was evaluated the chemical characteristics of the genotypes and, after they were grouped according to the characteristics of genetic basis and of grain texture. It was found that the genotypes of the experiment South Super Early cannot be differentiated according to the genetic basis of grain and texture for all traits. However, they can be distinguished by the dry matter silage.


Mann-Kendall trend test and abrupt change detection methods are utilized to analyze the climate change in the tourism area of Lushan Mountain.Results show that the temperature and the precipitation are undergoing an increasing trend in the tourism area of Lushan Mountain.The annual mean temperature is detected to have a significant increasing trend since 1955,and abrupt change occurred in 1996.The annual extreme maximum temperature increases slightly while the annual extreme minimum temperature has a relatively higher increasing trend with lager amplitude.The annual precipitation demonstrates a relatively slow increasing trend,and frequent abrupt changes occurred in the 1970s,the 1990s witnessed the highest precipitation since 1970s in which it has more precipitation than ever.The maximum daily storm rainfall and the annual total storm days also show an increasing trend,and the precipitation in 1990s proves to be the highest decade.Storm occurs frequently,most storm days and heavy storms occur in June and August respectively,and the storm rainfall in summer and autumn might be the main contribution for the annual precipitation increase.As for the possible driving forces of the climate change in the tourism area of Lushan Mountain,it is a typical regional response to the climate change which is demonstrated to be a response process of the influence of global warming and the effect of anthropological activities.


More than 20 million children worldwide suffer from severe acute malnutrition. The situation is especially critical in the Horn of Africa--the countries of Ethiopia, Somalia, and Kenya. UNICEF is effectively responding to that humanitarian challenges by providing specially formulated "therapeutic" foods to those in need. A more diversified supply base and more efficient supply chain are important parts of the story.


Environment cognition is the most distinct difference between cognitive radio and cognitive radio networks,and environment cognition extends from wireless environment to network environment and user environment.During the evolution from cognitive radio to cognitive radio networks,in order to investigate deeply on basic theories of environment cognition,the cognitive ability of wireless networks and the basic concept of cognitive network were studied.The concept of multi-domain cognition and mechanism of cognitive networks were proposed.Under the framework of cognitive theory,multi-domain cognition was divided into three layers,which were local multi-domain cognition,cooperative multi-domain cognition and initiative multi-domain cognition respectively.The framework of multi-domain cognition based on cognitive engine was described.Finally,investigations and basic theories on multi-domain cognition were presented.Those research results lay a foundation for the application of cognitive radio networks.


1Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Division of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 2Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. 3GBF-German Research Center for Biotechnology and LIONEX GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany. 4Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 5Department of Pediatric Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.


In this paper we aim to derived sesquiderivative and sesquiintegral of some interesting functions like algebraic, trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential. Sesquiderivative and Sesquiintegral denote the operation performed by the, 3 2


Total RNA,isolated from pig small intestine,was used to generate complementary DNA as template through reverse transcription.A 516bp DNA fragment was amplified through polymerase chain reaction.The PMAP37 gene was cloned into pMD19-T simple vector after RT-PCR,and transformed into E.coli Competent Cells JM109.Recombination prokaryotic expression vector,pBV220-PMAP37,was constructed and identified through incision enzyme cutting.The analysis of sequencing demonstrated that the fragment includes a 504bp open reading frame encoding a peptide of 167 amino acids;and the recombination prokaryotic expression vector was got.


In 3 experiments more than 900 mice were inoculated intracranially with approximately 1 to 8 LD50 of type 2 poliovirus of the Y-SK strain. Treatment on the 12th day with type specific antiviral antiserum prepared in monkeys caused a clear reduction in subsequent mortality. This was most strikingly shown in the experiment in which serum was derived from monkeys immunized with virus grown in monkey kidney tissue culture.
 It is concluded that in many animals specific antiserum to type 2 poliovirus terminated infection that had existed 12 days in the central nervous system. It is suggested that antibody was effective in the quiescent phase of the infection which has been shown to occupy most of the incubation period in mice undergoing prolonged incubation periods.


The modified equal width wave (MEW) equation is solved numerically by giving two different linearization techniques based on collocation finite element method in which cubic B-splines are used as approximate functions. To support our work three test problems; namely, the motion of a single solitary wave, interaction of two solitary waves and the birth of solitons are studied. Results are compared with other published numerical solutions available in the literature. Accuracy of the proposed method is discussed by computing the numerical conserved laws \(L_{2}\) and \(L_{\infty }\) error norms. A linear stability analysis of the approximation obtained by the scheme shows that the method is unconditionally stable


The problem of state estimation for a class of non-linear systems with Lipschitz non-linearities is addressed using sliding-mode estimators. Stability conditions have been found to guarantee asymptotic convergence to zero of the estimation error in the absence of noise and non-divergence if the state perturbations and measurement noise are bounded. A method is proposed to find a suitable solution to the algebraic Riccati equation on which the design of the estimator is based. The performance of the resulting sliding-mode filter minimizes an upper bound on the asymptotic estimation error. Based on such an approach, a sliding-mode estimator may be designed so as to outperform the extended Kalman filter in practical applications with models affected by uncertainty and strong, possibly unknown non-linearities, as shown by means of simulations.


Tec.ti.bac' ter. L. masc. n. tectum covering; M.L. masc. n. bacter the equivalent of Gr. neut. n. bactrum a rod; M.L masc. n. Tectibacter the bacterium with a covering.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rickettsiales / Holosporaceae / incertae Sedis VIII. Tectibacter

Straight rods 0.4–0.7 × 1–2 µm. Distinguished by outer covering around its cell wall, visible in sections with the transmission electron microscope. Sparsely flagellated, peritrichous. No known strains are toxic to protozoa. Gram negative. Often observed to be motile. Occur widely among strains of Paramecium primaurelia, P. biaurelia, P. tetraurelia, P. sexaurelia, and P. octaurelia, often with other symbionts (Figure 1).

Type species: Tectibacter vulgaris (ex Preer, Preer and Jurand 1974) Preer and Preer 1982, 140.

Keywords:

Incertae Sedis VIII. Tectibacter;
Tectibacter vulgaris;
Holosporaceae fam. nov.


The syntheses of end-functional polyisobutylenes (PIBs) including hydroxy, amino, carboxy, azide, boxy and thymine end groups have been accomplished using nucleophilic substitution reactions. propargyl, methoxy, and thymine end groups have been accomplished using nucleophilic substitution reactions. S N 2 reactions on PIB-Allyl-X (X = Cl or Br), the trans-1,4 addition product of the capping reaction of living PIB with 1,3-butadiene, with different nucleophiles successfully yielded the corresponding PIB-Allyl-OH, PIB-Allyl-OMe, PIB-Allyl-NH 2 , PIB-Allyl-OCH 2 C≡CH, PIB-Allyl-N 3 , and PIB-Allyl-CH 2 COOH with quantitative functionalization as determined by 1 H and 13 C NMR, FT-IR, and matrix-assisted time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. As expected, the rate of substitution was faster with PIB-Allyl-Br compared to PIB-Allyl-Cl. GPC analysis of the precursor PIB-Allyl-X and the products indicated that the polymer chain is unaffected by the substitution reactions. The synthesis of hydroxy telechelic PIBs was also achieved using X-Allyl-PIB-Allyl-X at reaction conditions similar to that employed for the preparation of PIB-Allyl-OH. The methodology was extended to the synthesis of PIB block copolymers by employing polymeric nucleophiles. PIB-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) was synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of PIB-Allyl-Cl with PEO-O - Na + .


The spatial variation of soil physical and chemical properties in Funiu Mountain was studied to provide refer- ences for identifying soil spatial variation mechanism in bordering land of China warm temperate zone and northern sub- tropical region. Using vertical gradient sampling and traditional statistics method, the soil samples at the altitude from 1640 m to 1870 m were collected to compare physical and chemical properties between south and north slopes of the Fu- niu Mountain. The results showed that soil pH, soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen were remarkably correlated with altitude change, but soil electrical conductivity, soil available nitrogen, available phosphors, available potassium, and total potassium were not related to altitude. With the increase of altitude, soil pH and total nitrogen increased, but soil organic matter decreased. Compared with the soil properties of northern slope in Funiu Mountain, soil acidity, electrical conduc- tivity, and available nitrogen were higher in southern slope. Especially, the soil available nitrogen was much higher than the mean value observed in northern slope samples. The contents of soil organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, and total potassium showed no striking difference on between southern and northern slopes. In conclusion, both altitude and slope direction significantly influenced spatial variation of soil properties in Funiu Moun- tain. It added to the boundary effect of Qinling Mountains, and revealled the interaction mechanism of the environmental elements such as land-climate-soil-ecosystem in Funiu Mountain.


The task of water columns parameters estimation in the demanded water area by use of autonomous underwater vehicles /AUV/ is considered in the report. Some results of water sampling received during the ecological monitoring of the Zolotoy Rog Bay (Golden Horn) in Vladivostok city in June 2017 are supplemented. The data received allowed to estimate the situation and to understand the effect of organic effluents of the Obyasneniya river onto the state of water in the adjacent part of the Zolotoy Rog Bay. The received results illustrated the effectiveness of AUV use for automated study of the water parameters for creation of the maps with high spatial resolution.


A new cobalt-catalyzed carbonylative synthesis of free (NH)-tetrahydro-β-carbolinones from tryptamine derivatives has been developed. The reaction employs cobalt(II) salt as an non-noble catalyst with TFBen as the CO source, a...


In recent years, as a direct result of extensive research and development, a growing number of x-ray imagers based on the powerful concept of active matrix addressing have been introduced to clinical environments worldwide. These imagers consist of thin, large area, glass substrates onto which 2D, pixelated arrays are deposited. Each pixel comprises an amorphous silicon thin-film switch coupled to some form of pixel storage capacitor. The radiation is detected indirectly, by means of an overlying scintillators, or directly, by means of a photoconductor layer. While existing active matrix imagers offer many advantages, the present technology suffers form a variety of distinct limitations and disadvantages that pertain to imaging performance under conditions of low exposure per image frame, as well as to issues of mechanical robustness and cost. In this paper, the possibility that these restrictions could be removed through the adoption of novel, emerging technologies is discussed. The focus of the discussion is primarily on technologies under independent development for large-area electronics and other applications and for which a plausible chance of convergence with x-ray imaging technology exists.


ABSTRACT Star magnolia, Magnolia stellata, is an endemic rare subcanopy tree species in the Pacific Ocean side of central Japan and an important component of Satoyama coppice forests in the area. This species is now faced with possible extinction due to the abandonment of Satoyama forests. To understand sprouting regeneration patterns of this species, to assist in its conservation, we defined four study plots whose area ranged from 156.25 to 500 m2 and clearcut all vegetation in 2012–2019. We recorded survival, growth and formation of flower buds at the individual level for two years after clearcutting. The average survival rate was 95.8%. Average tree heights in the first and the second year were 0.85 m and 1.36 m, respectively. Tree height in the first year was significantly positively correlated with the total basal area of stumps (TBA), which is assumed to be proportional to the amount of carbohydrates stored in stumps. The average percentage of individuals forming flower buds in the second year after clearcutting was 32.0%. The probability for forming of flower buds in the second year was increased with increasing in TBA and the model predicted that individuals whose TBA was above 381 cm2 had more than 50% probability of forming flower buds. Tree height in the second year for individuals with flower buds was significantly greater than those without. However, annual height growth of individuals with flower buds was significantly lower than those without. This indicates that a significant trade-off between height growth and reproduction exists.


An efficiency optimization control strategy of the direct torque controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous motors is proposed. Firstly, the mathematical model of the IPMSM is established in the rotor frame considering iron losses. Secondly, the function relationship between the power losses and the output torque, speed and stator flux is analyzed, and the computational formula of the stator flux amplitude which makes the power losses minimization is derived under different operating conditions. Consequently, the efficiency optimization control for direct torque controlled IPMSM driving systems is achieved. The experimental results show that the proposed control method not only preserves the fast torque dynamic response of the conventional direct torque control, but also improves operating efficiency of the driving system.


Data on lizards of three families (Dibamidae, Lacertidae, and Anguidae) of the Vietnamese fauna, deposited in the herpetological collection of the Zoological Museum of Moscow University, are given. The following data are presented for every sample: accession number, the location of capture, habitat, and collector. The places of capture are shown on a map of the country


Potential benefits of light alternative-powered vehicles are analyzed along with technical, social, and political factors affecting their widespread adoption in the United States. Light alternative-powered vehicles (LAV) include human-powered vehicles such as bicycles and velomobiles, electric bicycles, light electric vehicles, hybrid human-electric, and similar vehicles. Currently bicycles comprise the vast majority of this class of vehicle. Widespread adoption of light alternative-powered vehicles can result in reduced transportation energy consumption, reduced greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution, reduced urban noise, and reduced user costs. Annually, the average US driver could reduce gasoline consumption by 2000 liters, greenhouse gas emissions by 4 metric tonnes, and realize an annual savings of $5,000. In the United States the use of light alternative vehicles is quite low, due primarily to a combination of social, economic, and political factors, including transportation regulations. While dramatic increases in the use LAVs is not likely without changes in these factors, technological factors may significantly affect perception and use. Significant technical factors include improved batteries and control systems, reduced manufacturing cost, improved usability, and improved infrastructure. Scale is an important factor. Most of the technical factors are solvable with current or emerging technologies, but the demand for LAVs the United States does not justify the investment required. Light alternative-powered vehicles have the potential be a significant part of energy and GHG policy in the United States, but are limited more by political factors than by technology.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


Using random cluster sampling method,the author issued some questionnaires and statistical analysis among undergraduate students in "S" city from four aspects of sex tolerance degrees,cognition of love and sex,heterosexual contacts with premarital sex,sex oppression and sex.Characteristics of contemporary university students' sexual concept are mainly displayed in three aspects: sexual physiological developed in advance,more open and multi-facetted sexual concept;lack of sex knowledge,development imbalance between physiological and psychological maturity;sexual concept with liquidity and plasticity,sexual activity generated.


The method based on bicoherence correlation is applied to estimate the throw of minorfault. Theory and some applications show that the approach not only has high resolution, but also suppresses noise very well.


"Ruthless Romans" reveals the grim truth behind the greatest empire of all time - from the terrible twins who founded Rome to the evil emperors who made murder into a sport. Read on for the gory details about the cruel Colosseum and the people and animals who were massacred there.


LAURENCE STERNE'S SENTIMENTAL TRAVELER YORICK is a character certainly not known for his reticence. Only once during his tour through France and Italy does he find himself at a serious loss for words. By its singularity this temporary lapsus serves significantly within the novel to define the grounds of Yorick's philosophic sentimentalism. And I shall in a moment comment on these grounds. But I wish primarily to press this passage into my own service and to offer it, quite tentatively, as a paradigm which expresses the coordinates of the typical plot structure of the eighteenth-century novel of education. Let me first recount the scene from A Sentimental Journey, then briefly consider the coordinates of its slapstick epistemology, and then move, in the body of the essay, to apply these coordinates as a model to generate readings of two novels of education, Fanny Burney's Evelina and Jane Austen's Emma. When Yorick visits Monsieur le Count de B**** in Versailles, the two men begin their conversation by discussing a range of social and, at least for men, sociable topics: books, politics and women. Suddenly the Count interrupts the dialogue to request from Yorick the proper introduction that has so far been overlooked in their acquaintance. Faced with this request Yorick finds himself, for a moment, speechless. While our hero usually finds nothing easier than to converse, he confesses that he finds nothing "more perplexing" than "to set about telling any one who I am." He meditates on this problem:


As individual beings, humans have needs (biological, psychological and religious) and socially have the desire to adapt to the social environment. With the potential and abilities possessed, humans will try to actualize social needs and demands. Therefore, humans need other people with the aim of fostering social behaviors in the form of tolerance. Humans as religious beings crave peace and prosperity. Every religion teaches the values of tolerance. Islam is present as a religion that upholds the value of peace and harmony. Islam offers a concept of tolerance for differences which is called tasamuh, in tasamuh there are values of Rahmah (compassion), al-`Afw (forgiveness), al-Safh (forgiving), as-Salam (safety), al-`Adl ( justice), and al-Ihsan (kindness). Tolerance in this context is viewed from several aspects, namely theological, sociological and cultural. With tolerance, it is hoped that humans will be able to recognize diversity, including religious diversity or pluralism.


A method of treating tumors and bone diseases plaster fiber and a manufacturing method belongs to the field of traditional Chinese medicine preparation. By the following parts by weight of the raw material composition: from 0.37 to 9.25 parts by Sedum thirty-seven, chrysanthemum leaf thirty-seven 0.37 to 9.25 parts, 0.37 to 9.25 parts by frankincense, myrrh parts 0.37 to 9.25, 0.37 to 9.25 parts Polygala angelica ~ 0.37 9.25 parts, 0.37 to 9.25 parts Gastrodia, 0.37 to 9.25 parts by bovine Xi, Ganoderma 0.37 to 9.25 parts to 75 parts Huang Dan 3, 4 to 100 parts of oil. The Sedum Panax, chrysanthemum leaf Panax, frankincense, myrrh, Polygala, angelica, bladder, Niu Xi and added an equal amount of Ganoderma. The treatment of fibroids and plaster to treat benign bone disease and bone disease, the treatment process does not harm the body in patients, and easy to use, low cost of treatment.


Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (ALK TKIs) are standard first‐line therapy for non‐small cell lung cancer patients with ALK rearrangement. Although some cases of hepatotoxicity related to these drugs have been reported, there is still a lack of investigation on severe hepatotoxicity, such as hepatic failure, with ALK TKIs.


The purposes  of this study were to analyze the needs assessment for developing the 21 century skills for primary teachers, develop a model of the 21st century skills for primary teachers, and study the effects of using a model of the 21st century skills for primary teachers under the educational service area office, in the east region. The samples were 320 teachers, and 320 school directors in the east region, 10 experts for in-depth interview, 9 experts for focus group and 25 teachers of Wat nongketyai School. The research instruments for the data collection were questionnaire for practice assessment (Teachers), questionnaire for the needs assessment (Directors), in-depth interview questions, and the assessment for satisfaction of the training. The data were analyzed by using percentage, mean (  ), and standard deviation (SD).
            The results revealed that:

The needs assessment for developing the 21 century skills for vocational students were ranked at high level as follows: teaching, ethics, computer, curriculum (information and media literacy, cooperation, teamwork and leadership, and information and communications technology, the critical thinking and problem-solving skills, understanding different cultures and paradigm, and career and learning skills) evaluation and classroom research, and positive discipline.

The development of learning skill model of the 21st century skills for primary teachers under the educational service area office, in the east region consisted of 4 units, including  1) Smart child centered learning. 2) creator and development. 3) creative teaching and learning style   4) professional learning community. They were consistent and appropriate according to expert's opinions.

The level of satisfaction of using the model of the 25 primary teacher from Wat Nongketyai School was at the highest level. The evaluation of the teachers' report was at  the highest level


SUMMARY Serogroup-specific antigen wasextracted fromanumberofLegionella pneumophila strains andcompared withphenol-water extracted lipopolysaccharide onthe basis ofgelfiltration, chemical analysis, SDS-PAGEandreaction withserogroupspecific antibody inimmunoblots. Serogroup specificity isapparently borne bythe 0side-chains ofthelipopolysaccharide, which, although smooth intype, partitions inthephenol phase. Forfour serogroup 1strains tested, there wasnoqualitative correlation between 0side-chain length andpulmonary virulence forguinea-pigs.


This paper aims to examine the rationale for the establishment of a depositary passport as the next logical step in building an internal market for investment funds in the European Union (EU). It makes the point that the de facto prohibition of depositary passporting poses risks to financial stability and has an adverse impact on investor protection in EU member states, which do not have a fully developed funds industry.,This paper analyses both the arguments in favour and against the adoption of a depositary passport. Moreover, it examines this proposal in the context of different approaches to fostering the internal market such as mutual recognition, harmonisation of regulation, reflexive governance of financial supervision and centralised supervision.,Based on the review of the current EU legal framework, this paper, subsequently, puts forward possible solutions for the establishment of an internal market for depositary business, which solutions have been discussed with various experts in the field to assess their feasibility in practice.,The paper contributes to the debate on the EU internal market in the field of asset management, which is topical in view of the upcoming review of the EU's Alternative Investment Fund Managers Directive.