The author covers some familiar ground for sport historians; but does so deftly. For those not familiar with the developments in the social history of sport, his treatment of a vast array of primary sources will prove enlightening. Putney's analysis provides fresh insights into the nature of religious and social reform during the Progressive Era, as Protestants eschewed the passive, contemplative, and perceptively feminine forms of Victorian worship for a more active, aggressive, and masculine version. In so doing they discarded the dualism of the past, merging physicality and spirituality. The body became both a temple and a "tool for good." Sport became a vehicle for proselytism and a means of conversion. Putney incorporates a variety of Protestant denominations in his nuanced study but concentrates largely on the more liberal New England sects. Historians of religion will surely recognize the familiar activities of Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Dwight L. Moody, and Josiah Strong, whose theological pronouncements found some agreement with the play theory of psychologist G. Stanley Hall. The latter's recapitulation theory suggested that forms of play represented civilizational stages and that physical training might strengthen willpower. Such concepts offered the possibility of advancement through education and moral salvation via wholesome forms of recreation. The author provides significant coverage of the most influential figures in the movement, including Hall's friend and disciple, Luther Gulick, who assumed a major role in the development of body, mind, and spirit as a leader of the YMCA, the Playground Association of America, and as an educator in the New York public schools. The YMCA created both basketball and volleyball during the 1890s to attract and hold young men. Under the auspices of John R. Mott, the YMCA assumed international proselytizing dimensions. The most visible model of the strenuous life, Theodore Roosevelt, also proved one of its most ardent spokesmen. Putney portrays the virile aspects of the movement as a reaction to the feminization of American culture as men feared female leadership in the churches and the influence of women as teachers in the public schools. The cultivation of weak, effeminate men endangered the ability of native-born, white Protestants to maintain social power and patriarchal leadership in the face of massive immigration by stalwart Europeans in the latter nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Substantial numbers of Catholics and Jews posed dire consequences for the social and religious composition of the


C ONGRATULATIONS to the following authors for their contributions to Copeia. Their papers were considered by a panel of Associate Editors and members of the Editorial Board to be the best papers published in the 2013 volume. These awards were initiated for the 2012 volume. Six papers are recognized each year: three in herpetology and three in ichthyology. There are three categories: Best Paper Overall, Best Paper Young Scholar, and Best Student Paper. The Best Paper Overall is chosen without regard to rank. The Best Paper Young Scholar is chosen when the lead author is either a postdoc or untenured at the time of submission. The Best Student Paper is chosen when the lead author is a student at the time of submission.


Bioprocesses with immobilized cells is a fast expanding field of investigation due to the various advantages of this system when compared to conventional free cells fermentations. One of the advantages of this system is the easier control of the fermentation process, which is of great importance especially for processes that are complex and difficult to control, like the malolactic fermentation (MLF) in winemaking. The implementation of MLF is very important for wines produced in cold regions as it reduces the acidity, brings biological stability and may improve the organoleptic characteristics of the product. MLF normally occurs spontaneously during storage of a new wine and is usually a very slow process that can undergo for weeks and even months, and not always give a satisfactory result. The use of immobilized lactic acid bacteria during MLF helps to accelerate the process and also simplifies the control of its extension. However, the material to be used as immobilization support must be carefully chosen in order to not negatively affect the final product, and should also be cheap, abundant in nature, and of food grade purity. The aim of the present work was to find low cost natural materials of food grade purity, suitable for immobilization of Oenococcus oeni for use on MLF. Four natural materials, including corn cobs, grape stems, grape seeds and grape skins were evaluated. Immobilization and fermentation occurred simultaneously in 500 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing 2 g of support material and 200 mL of synthetic medium inoculated with 1 g/L cells of O. oeni. Fermentations were carried out in duplicate, and samples were taken every 2 h for estimation of free biomass, glucose, fructose and malic acid consumption, and lactic acid production. For comparison, free cells assays under the same conditions described above were also performed. Fermentations with immobilized cells gave better results than the assays containing only free cells in suspension. Among the support materials, corn cobs, grape skins and grape stems proportioned the best results. Grape skins immobilized the highest amount of cells (40.3 mg/g) followed by corn cobs (31.9 mg/g) and grape stems (30.9 mg/g). Fermentations with cells immobilized in corn cobs and grape stems achieved the highest lactic acid productivities [4.06 g/(L h) and 4.03 g/(L h), respectively]. It was concluded that such materials are suitable for use as support for immobilization of Oenococcus oeni during malolactic fermentation.


Being a kind of familiar geological hazard in deep and over-length highway tunnel,rockburst greatly threaten the safety of construction personnel and equipment.On the basis of analyzing the factors affecting rockburst and in combination with the character of the tunneling engineering,this paper has put forward the matter-element model forecasting rockburst and has evaluated the gradation of rockburst through extensions.Finally,based on the practical situation,this paper advances the prevention measure.The practical example demonstrates that the evaluating result of the model is reliable,so this method has a vast prospect in predicting rockburst.


Two Important problems about commonly-used neutron rem-counter have been discussed in evaluating the neutron dose equivalent in pulsed and mixed radiation fields around an electron linear accelerator. One is the overestimate of dose equivalent due to false pulses generated by intense burst X-rays. In order to eliminate the false pulses, three techniques based on (1) anti-coincidence counting, (2) pulse height discrimination, and (3) correction factor have been employed. It was pointed out that the first technique was most effective and the third was most convenient for practical applications. The other problem is the underestimate of dose equivalent due to counting loss in a high-fluence-rate field. It was confirmed that the time variation of counting rate was an important factor for dead-time correction in pulsed radiation fields. A comparison between dose equivalent values evaluated with rem-counter and those with Indium activation detector has also been carried out. A validity of proposed correction methods was confirmed from the experimental results of the proportionality of the corrected dose equivalent values to the relative activity of Indium detectors.


Research and debates on modern human origins have exhibited some new trends in the past ten years with more attention paid to the detailed course of modern human origins.These new trends involve three aspects: 1) the emergency and dispersal of early modern humans;2) the morphological pattern and evolution of the late Middle to early Late Pleistocene hominins;and 3) health conditions and living adaptations during this emergence and evolution.In this paper,the past ten years' research in the field of the emergence and evolution of modern human origins in China are reviewed and discussed.


Desirable biasing of nonlinear devices in an analog circuit is an essential step and often difficult. The difficulty comes from the fact that for biasing nonlinear devices we need to go through an iteration procedure that is usually timely and may end up with divergence. A new methodology is presented here that completely removes the nonlinearity of the biasing in a design procedure. The method also simplifies the analysis by using the "additivity" property, typically used in linear circuits. The method focuses on local biasing using a port nullification technique that isolates the nonlinear devices from the linear portion of the circuit. This method allows a circuit designer to select his/her desired operational regions for the nonlinear devices, and start working on the rest of the (linear) circuit avoiding biasing iterations or even a possible divergence.


Mammographic parenchymal texture has been shown to correlate with genetic markers of developing breast cancer. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is a novel x‐ray imaging technique in which tomographic images of the breast are reconstructed from multiple source projections acquired at different angles of the x‐ray tube. Compared to digital mammography (DM), DBT eliminates breast tissue overlap, offering superior parenchymal tissue visualization. We hypothesize that texture analysis in DBT could potentially provide a better assessment of parenchymal texture and ultimately result in more accurate assessment of breast cancer risk. As a first step towards validating this hypothesis, we investigated the association between DBT parenchymal texture and breast percent density (PD), a known breast cancer risk factor, and compared it to DM. Bilateral DBT and DM images from 71 women participating in a breast cancer screening trial were analyzed. Filtered‐backprojection was used to reconstruct DBT tomographic planes ...


In this paper, the equations of motion in linear viscoelasticity of Voigt type are directly solved with the boundary-initial conditions, instead of employing the displacement potential theory and the integral transform technique for reducing the time variable. The problem treated is the transient wave propagation in an infinite viscoelastic layer overlaying on a viscoelastic half-space, which is excited by concentrated normal loads at the surface and inside. The solution is obtained by the use of Hankel transform and separation of variables for eigenfunction expansion based on the elastic frequency equations. The displacements and stresses generated by the sudden application of concentrated normal loads are computed. Numerical results show the wave propagation including reflection, refraction and transmission of wave front at the interface as a Love wave


Operating systems divide virtual memory addresses into kernel space and user space. The interface of a modern operating system consists of a set of system call procedures that may take pointer arguments called user pointers. It is safe to dereference a user pointer if and only if it points into user space. If the operating system dereferences a user pointer that does not point into user space, then a malicious user application could gain control of the operating system, reveal sensitive data from kernel space, or crash the machine. Because the operating system cannot trust user processes, the operating system must check that the user pointer points to user space before dereferencing it. In this paper, we present a scalable and precise static analysis capable of verifying the absence of unchecked user pointer dereferences. We evaluate an implementation of our analysis on the entire Linux operating system with over 6.2 million lines of code with false alarms reported on only 0.05% of dereference sites.


Recent studies have provided for substantial improvements to measurements made by the Close-Proximity (CPX) method, intended for measurement of noise properties of road surfaces. These new findings were incorporated in the new standards published in 2017: the ISO 11819-2 (the CPX method) and Technical Specifications 11819-3 (about the reference tyres) as well as 13471-1 (about temperature corrections). This study, firstly, investigates the typical uncertainties associated with speed, ambient temperature and rubber hardness corrections. Secondly, the study evaluates to what degree the new standards improved the measurement method's repeatability by evaluating measurements that were undertaken on the same road surface at different times. Thirdly, the paper assesses the method's ability to predict the effect of road surfaces on roadside traffic noise by analysing the relationship with statistical pass-by measurements (SPB) undertaken on a large number of road surfaces within the same time frame. The study shows that the repeatability of CPX-measurements could be significantly improved by the new ISO standards, while some uncertainties associated with the properties of the test tyres remain. The study, moreover, provides evidence that overall and spectral road side traffic noise emissions can be reliably predicted by the CPX-method.


Objective: To investigate the prophylactic effect of hepatoprotectants in the treatment of lung cancer.Methods: According to the comparison of the change of transaminase between 17 patients with hepatic protectant and 32 patients without hepatic protectant,the hepatic protectant's preventive effect has been analysed.Results: One cases(3.13%) liver function becomed unusual in 32 patients without hepatic protectant.However,0 case transaminase becomed unusual in the left 17 patients with hepatic protectant,and there was not statistical difference(P 0.05).Conclusion: Using hepatic protectant in the treatment of lung cancer doesn't reduce the amount of liver damage effectually.


We provide an elementary derivation of the Bessel analog of the celebrated Riesz composition formula and use the former to effortlessly derive the latter.


Bilateral sampling of the inferior petrosal sinuses for levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) before and after administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) distinguishes Cushing disease from the ectopic ACTH syndrome with an accuracy of almost 100% [1, 2]. However, selective catheterization of the inferior petrosal sinuses can be technically difficult [3, 4] and risky: A previous study [5] found one serious complication (hemorrhage of the brain stem) in approximately 1000 cases. Initial evaluation of ACTH levels in the jugular veins before CRH was available showed that this test was not sufficiently sensitive to diagnose Cushing disease [6, 7]. In Finding and colleagues' series of six patients with Cushing disease [7], five patients had diagnostic ACTH ratios in the petrosal sinus samples but only one had a diagnostic ratio in the jugular vein samples. At that time, the variations in drainage patterns of the inferior petrosal sinus had not been described [4], and samples were obtained from the jugular bulb. We postulated that the sensitivity of jugular vein sampling would be enhanced by use of a lower sampling site to ensure that all petrosal sinus drainage was included and by administration of CRH. Methods We prospectively studied 20 patients with surgically proven Cushing disease (12 women and 8 men; mean age, 40 years [range, 16 to 62 years]) and 1 male patient with proven ectopic ACTH syndrome (56 years of age). The study protocol was approved by the investigational review board of the National Institute of Child Health and Development. A diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome was established by conventional laboratory studies. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary gland was nondiagnostic in all patients. No patient had cyclic Cushing syndrome. Patients underwent petrosal sinus sampling and jugular vein sampling before and after CRH administration in two catheterization sessions conducted at least 48 hours apart (average interval, 5 days). Petrosal sinus sampling was performed as described elsewhere [3]. For jugular vein sampling, catheters were placed in both internal jugular veins through bilateral femoral vein punctures. The catheters were positioned at the level of the angles of the mandible. This level was chosen to accommodate the inferior petrosal sinuses, which occasionally enter the jugular vein at a variable distance below the jugular bulb, and to encourage mixing of the effluent from the inferior petrosal sinuses with jugular venous flow. Samples were obtained bilaterally before and 3, 5, and 10 minutes after intravenous administration of CRH, 1 g/kg of body weight. For all patients, we calculated the ratio of central ACTH levels to peripheral ACTH levels in petrosal sinus samples and jugular vein samples before and after CRH was administered. A ratio of central to peripheral ACTH greater than 2 before CRH administration and greater than 3 after CRH administration in petrosal sinus samples or jugular vein samples was considered evidence of Cushing disease on the basis of cut points previously established to judge the results of petrosal sinus sampling [1]. In jugular vein samples, we disregarded ratios greater than 2 before CRH if they were not accompanied by ratios greater than 3 after CRH. Absence of diagnostic ratios was considered evidence of the ectopic ACTH syndrome. All 20 patients with Cushing disease underwent transsphenoidal exploration by the same neurosurgeon. Nineteen patients had resection of an ACTH-secreting microadenoma, shown by positive results on immunofluorescent staining of the adenoma for ACTH and serum cortisol levels less than 2 g/dL immediately after surgery. All 19 patients are currently in remission. One patient underwent hemihypophysectomy on the basis of results of lateralization of petrosal sinus samples when no adenoma was detected; this patient is in remission. The patient with the ectopic ACTH syndrome is in remission after removal of a neuroendocrine tumor in the left carotid sheath. The McNemar test was used for statistical comparison of the sensitivities of petrosal sinus sampling and jugular vein sampling. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. Results The Table 1 shows the results of petrosal sinus sampling and jugular vein sampling in the 20 patients with Cushing disease. Results of sampling of the inferior petrosal sinuses were positive for Cushing disease in 19 patients (sensitivity, 95% [95% CI, 75% to 99%]). One patient had a negative result on petrosal sinus sampling, a positive result on jugular sampling, and an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma proven surgically. Both of this patient's inferior petrosal sinuses were plexiform; this prevented normal positioning of the petrosal sinus catheters and foiled our efforts to place microcatheters (Target Therapeutics, Fremont, California) in the cavernous sinuses. Jugular vein sampling had positive results because a vein drained into the right jugular vein just above the angle of the mandible. Table 1. Results of Inferior Petrosal Sinus Sampling and Internal Jugular Vein Sampling before and after Administration of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in 20 Patients with Cushing Disease* Jugular vein sampling had positive results in 16 of 20 patients with surgically proven Cushing disease (sensitivity, 80% [CI, 56% to 96%]). Unlike the results of petrosal sinus sampling, which were positive in all patients before and after CRH was administered, 10 of 16 (63%) jugular vein samples were positive only after CRH was administered (Table 1). In two of the four patients with negative or nondiagnostic jugular vein samples, ratios of central to peripheral ACTH were greater than 2 before CRH but less than 3 after CRH. Because our diagnostic criteria required a ratio greater than 3 after CRH administration, these two samples were considered nondiagnostic. In two patients with surgically proven Cushing disease, jugular vein samples had nondiagnostic ratios of central to peripheral ACTH before and after CRH was administered. Both of these patients had positive results on petrosal sinus sampling. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the sensitivity of petrosal sinus sampling and that of jugular vein sampling (P > 0.2). Ratios of central to peripheral ACTH were higher in the petrosal sinus samples than in the jugular vein samples (Figure 1). The average ratio before administration of CRH was 17.7 (range, 2.2 to 110.5) in the petrosal sinus samples and 2.7 (range, 2.1 to 3.7) in the jugular vein samples. The average ratio after administration of CRH was 90 (range, 12.7 to 407.1) in petrosal sinus samples and 7.66 (range, 3.24 to 14.9) in the jugular vein samples. The peak ratio after administration of CRH occurred in the 3-minute petrosal sinus samples (11 of 19 samples) and were equally divided between the 3- and 5-minute jugular vein samples. Figure 1. Ratios of central adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to peripheral ACTH in inferior petrosal sinus (IPS) samples and internal jugular vein (IJV) samples before and after administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). In the patient with the ectopic ACTH syndrome, ratios of central to peripheral ACTH were less than 2 before and less than 3 after administration of CRH in the petrosal sinus samples and jugular vein samples (Figure 1). Discussion In our small series, jugular vein sampling was not as accurate as petrosal sinus sampling for distinguishing pituitary ACTH production from ectopic ACTH production. However, jugular vein sampling is a much simpler procedure that can be performed easily and safely in institutions that lack experience in the more technically demanding and hazardous procedure of inferior petrosal sinus sampling. Of 20 patients with surgically proven Cushing disease, jugular vein samples established the correct diagnosis in 16 (sensitivity, 80% [CI, 75% to 99%]) and produced false-negative results in 4. The patient with proven ectopic ACTH syndrome had negative results on jugular vein sampling and petrosal sinus sampling. During the study, we performed petrosal sinus sampling and jugular vein sampling on three additional patients presumed to have ectopic ACTH syndrome. All three patients lacked diagnostic ratios of central to peripheral ACTH on petrosal sinus sampling and jugular vein sampling, did not have suppression with high-dose dexamethasone (8 mg twice daily), and did not respond to CRH. Each patient had a normal magnetic resonance imaging scan of the pituitary gland. A source of ectopic ACTH production was not detected by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging of the chest and abdomen or by somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy. The anatomic source of the ectopic ACTH syndrome has not been located in these three patients, and the diagnosis is considered clinically established but not anatomically proven. Thus, we excluded these three patients from the analysis. One patient with an ACTH-secreting microadenoma of the pituitary gland proven surgically lacked diagnostic ACTH ratios on petrosal sinus sampling before and after CRH was administered. This occurrence seems to be uncommon: It was encountered only once in more than 500 patients with proven Cushing disease [8]. In both cases, the inferior petrosal sinus on the side of the adenoma was plexiform. Although the inferior petrosal sinus could be accessed from the jugular vein, it drained preferentially into another vessel. In our overall experience [1, 2], petrosal sinus sampling has a 99% sensitivity as a differential diagnostic test. When venous sampling for Cushing syndrome was originally described, the disappointing results of jugular vein sampling compared with those of petrosal sinus sampling were probably caused by sampling of the jugular bulb, which often lies above the level of inflow from the inferior petrosal sinuses. In our series, the jugular vein catheter was positioned at the angle of


We read with great interest a recent article by Georgescu et al. (2017) entitled "Effect of exercise-induced dehydration on circulatory markers of oxidative damage and antioxidant capacity". The authors aimed to investigate effects of hydration and rehydration by using sensitive indirect measures of oxidative stress and the antioxidant capacity response. In this study, they evaluated concentrations of plasma osmolality, Trolax equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in a sample of athletes during pre-exercise, immediately postexercise, and 1 h after full rehydration. As stated in statistical analysis and also abstract of the article, the authors used 1-way ANOVA to compare differences in means of numerical variables (i.e., concentrations of plasma osmolality, TEAC, and FRAP) of different time-points of measurement. Since they investigated the same sample of participants in each group during different time-points (i.e., pre-exercise, immediately postexercise, and 1 h after full rehydration), their measurements are completely dependent (Farrokhi and Peykanpour 2017a; Farrokhi and Shirian 2017; Farrokhi et al. 2017). ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis test are used for comparison of the means of more than 2 independent groups (Gaddis 1998; Farrokhi 2017b; Farrokhi and Arjaki 2017; Farrokhi and Peykanpour 2017b). Therefore, after assessment of the normal distribution of studied quantitative variables, including concentrations of plasma osmolality, TEAC, and FRAP, the authors must use repeated-measures ANOVA or Friedman test for comparison of the means of each variable at pre-exercise, immediately postexercise, and 1 h after full rehydration (Farrokhi 2017a; Farrokhi and Amani-Beni 2017). Furthermore, they must use Wilcoxon test and paired t test for comparison of concentrations of plasma osmolality, TEAC, and FRAP between 2 time-points of measurement.


Datacub es provide a suitable paradigm for storing, accessing and processing la rge-scale, multidimensional spatio-temporal raster data. As hardware and distributed infrastructure, such as cloud and federations, become common, enabling datacubes to fully exploit the available capabilities is a crucial step in building scalable systems for complex query answering in real time. In this contribution, we describe an approach to distributed datacube processing that enables datacube engin es – in our case rasdaman – to analyze, for every incoming query, a large number of equivalent distributed execution variants, and to pick an efficient one.


Abstract Season for collection of the explant, nature of the explant, different antioxidants [ascorbic acid (AA) and citric acid (CA), activated charcoal (AC)] and additives [L-arginine (Arg) and adenine sulphate (AS)] profoundly influenced in vitro propagation of 25-30 year-old selected trees of Anogeissus sericea var. nummularia King ex. Duthie (Combrettaceae). Axillary shoots developed from nodal cuttings having 3 or 4 axillary buds on Murashige and Skoogs's (MS) (1962) medium containing 0.56 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 11.0 μM benzylaminopurine (BA) along with 50 mg l_1AA, 25 mg l_1AS, 25 mg l_1Arg, 25 mg l_1 CA and 0.1% (w/v) AC. Increase in the number of shoots from the nodes was achieved by repeated transfer of the explants onto fresh initiation medium devoid of AC. Multiplication of shoots were done by subculturing shoots which has two or three nodes after removing their shoot apices onto MS medium containing 0.56 μM IAA, 6.6 μM BA, 50 mg l_1AA, 25 mg l_1AS, 25 mg l_1Arg and 25 mg l_1 CA. High frequency rooting (97%) was obtained by pulse treating the isolated shoots with 98.0 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 6 hours in half-strength liquid MS medium and then transferring these shoots onto half-strength hormone free semisolid MS medium. The plantlets were hardened and acclimatized by transferring to autoclaved soilrite moistened with one-fourth strength liquid MS mineral salts in glass bottles and then to soil mixture containing sandy soil, black soil and pond soil (1:1:1 v/v). One thousand plants were hardened and transplanted to their natural habitats. All the plants transferred to field survived.


Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer program products, for rental service through a computer network (10). A collection of virtual containers is assigned to a set of users including one or more users (124). Each virtual container in the collection is configured to identify one or more software products (153) that are rented by users in the set. A user in the set is authorized to access a software product through the computer network based on whether the software product is identified as a rented software product (154) in one or more virtual containers of the collection assigned to the set of users.


Purpose: When gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is unresponsive to medical management, life-threatening complications may mandate surgical intervention in the very young. The aim of this study was to determine whether laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication in babies less than 3 months of age or 3.5 kg is safe and effective. Methods: The medical records from three institutions of all patients younger than 3 months of age or <3.5 kg undergoing fundoplication were reviewed. The short gastric vessels were routinely divided, and the crura were reapproximated. Short floppy 360° wraps were fashioned over a bougie (22F-30F) with two to four sutures incorporating the anterior esophagus. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication was performed in 104 infants fulfilling the size or weight criteria. Eighty two patient had concurrent gastrostomies. The mean age and weight were 68 days and 3.1 kg, respectively. Results: The mean operative time was 60 minutes, and the patients were at full feedings by a mean of 3 days. The mean patient...


This paper explores the dynamics of justification in the wake of a rumor outbreak on social media. Specifically, it examines the extent to which the five types of justification—descriptive argumentation, presumptive argumentation, evidentialism, truth skepticism, and epistemological skepticism—manifested in different voices including pro-rumor, anti-rumor and doubts before and after fact-checking. Content analysis was employed on 1,911 tweets related to a rumor outbreak. Non-parametric cross-tabulation was used to uncover nuances in information sharing before and after fact-checking. Augmenting the literature which suggests the online community's susceptibility to hoaxes, the paper offers a silver lining: Users are responsible enough to correct rumors during the later phase of a rumor lifecycle. This sense of public-spiritedness can be harnessed by knowledge management practitioners and public relations professionals for crowdsourced rumor refutation.


With the method of single zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating,the magmatic zircon ages of 132.8±0.8Ma,131.9±1.1 Ma and 120.9±0.8Ma are yield in the biotite-monzonitic granites from Huangshan pluton,Zushiding pluton and Juezishan pluton respectively,which are located around Chunshui,Biyang County,at the south margin of North China Craton and intruded Ruyang Group and the Neoproterozoic granite.The three piutons are all mostly biotite-monzonitic granite lithologically with limited variation, in which microperthite and biotite are conspicuous minerals.They are characterized by high silica,potassium,alkaline contents, FeO~*/MgO ratio and low magnesium and calcium,whereas rich in high field strength dements (HFSE),such as Ta,Zr and Hf and lack in incompatible elements Ba,P,Sr,Ti,Nb et al.They have high SiO_2 contents with broad variation,low MgO and CaO contents,relatively high K_2O/Na_2O ratios,which indicates high-K calc-alkaline series,and of slight peraluminous.All of them have similar characteristics of trace elements (including REE) patterns by relatively low∑REE contents,moderate light rare earth elements (LREE)/ heavy rare earth elements (HREE) ratios and light to moderate negative Eu anomalies.The ratios of (La/Yb)_N (9.32~42.43),Ga/Al,Nb/Ta and Rb/Nb are analogous to those of A-type granitoid.The t_(2DM) ande_(Nd)(t) values bear an analogy with those of paragneiss of Qinling Group,and they are about 2.0 Ga and vary between -12.4 and -13.5 respectively herein.The high initial ratios of ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr (0.70648~0.70823) suggest continent crust involved in their source.Integrated analysis reveals that the three granitic plutons are A2-type (PA-type) granite of crustal origin.The magma was generated by partial melting of the aneient paragneiss of Qinling Group in North Qinling that have been subducted beneath the lower ernst of southern North China Craton and subsequent diffrentiation..Underplating of the upwelled asthenospheric material induced by delamination might have provided heat for the melting. The Huangshan pluton,Zushiding pluton and Juezishan granitoids were formed in the lithosphere extensional setting resulted from the subduction of the Paleo-Paeific Plate beneath the Eurasia Plate.


Objective: to evaluate the bird diversity in the El Llano region in Aguascalientes, central part of the Mexican Altiplano, a region that has been transformed into grasslands and agricultural areas. Design/methodology/approach: from January 2010 to March 2012, a bird fauna inventory was carried out through transects with counting points within different areas with different vegetation and land use in the region. Results: a total of 166 bird species were recorded, the greatest species richness was terrestrial (136), and the rest were of aquatic and subaquatic habits (30). Of the total species, seven are listed under some risk status and two are endemic to


OBJECTIVE To determine the Weiling granule of paeoniflorin by HPLC method.METHODS Phenomenex C18 column(250mm×4.6mm,4μm),acetonitrile-0.1 phosphate(14∶86) as mobile phase,detection wavelength 230nm,flow rate:1.0 mL·min-1.RESULTS paeoniflorin regression equation A=46.367C +0.9326,r=0.9992,liear range of 4.048~60.72μg·mL-1.The average recovery was 93.34%,RSD 1.52%.CONCLUSION The method is simple,precise,repeatable,rapid detection,accurate and can be used fuyankang the quality control.


Late Preclassic life in the Northern Maya Lowlands is a period of material and social experimentation, a balancing act between emerging social differentiation and an ideology of communal integration. During this period, the site of Ucanha was physically integrated into a micropolity via an 18-km-long roadway and experienced the creation of integrative civic spaces, a population apogee, and an influx of ceramic heterogeneity. Followers donated labor to build a monumental landscape, and incipient rulers provided an array of aesthetically pleasing ceramics and social events that helped forge collective trust. Ceramic distributions and the widespread use of megalithic architecture indicate a high quality of life for households. A built landscape that references a place of creation and stucco friezes and architecture attest to emergent claims of hereditary rulership and community prosperity. Evidence from Ucanha's central plaza indicate this area was more-widely accessed during the Late Preclassic but then became more restricted to the general public during the Early Classic. Likewise, during the Early Classic, the distribution of decorated ceramics became more circumscribed, indicating economic changes that favored gifting elites rather than provisioning the populace. During this period architecture associated with elite rulership was interred and households were abandoned. Thus, around the time of broader integration during the Late Preclassic, political institutions provided for all; yet, during the Early Classic, elites turned from an inclusive, community strategy towards a more exclusionary strategy of reinforcing an elite identity. As a result, leaders lost the support of their constituents and populations declined.


Small-scale experiments were conducted to obtain data on incident overpressure at various distances from bursting pressurized spheres. Complete time histories of blast overpressure generated by rupturing glass spheres under high internal pressure were obtained using eight side-on pressure transducers. A scaling law is presented, and its nondimensional parameters are used to compare peak overpressures, arrival times, impulses, and durations for different initial conditions and sizes of blast source. The nondimensional data are also compared, whenever possible, with results of theoretical calculations and compiled data for Pentolite high explosive. The scaled data are repeatable and show significant differences from blast waves generated by condensed high-explosives.


Sexting has received increasing media and scientific attention. An aggravated form of sexting, escalated sexting, however, has not been subject of many studies. Furthermore, these few studies focused solely on reasons for and consequences of escalated sexting. This study, therefore, focused on exploring the process of handling escalated sexting that consists of both prevention measures and ad hoc reactions and the actors involved in the process. Interviews based on the critical incident technique were held with 23 participants, who were involved in the process of handling escalated sexting based on their profession or role as victim or relative. This study showed that the process of handling escalated sexting can be divided into two different stages: reacting ad hoc and prevention. Reacting ad hoc at escalated sexting situations occurs in seven phases. All of these phases consist of various ad hoc reactions, which can be combined for one intervention method to handle a specific situation. When preventing, actions are targeted at three groups: students, parents and school staff. This explorative study has made the first steps into discovering aspects of handling escalated sexting and therefore has multiple scientific and practical implications.


With the advancement in wireless technology, there is an increasing problem of spectrum scarcity. To resolve this issue, a technology called Cognitive Radio (CR), based on Joseph Mitola's Software Defined Radio (SDR) was introduced, in which the secondary users can sense the spectrum and utilize the licensed bands when the spectrum is not being utilized by the primary user. Because of its wireless nature, this device attracts various security threats common to all wireless technologies. In addition to these, there are various security concerns specific to CR, which these networks are vulnerable to. One of the most dominant threats among these is the Primary User Emulation Attack (PUEA). In this paper, our main purpose is to list out the various security threats faced by the cognitive radio networks and in particular, PUEA. Further, we enlist the different defense techniques which can combat the PUE attacks and ultimately compare these defense techniques on various parameters.


BackgroundCurrently, no markers accurately differentiate benign from malignant renal masses. CD34 and FSHR are transmembrane proteins involved in neo-angiogenetic pathways and are differently expressed in several normal and cancerous tissues. However, little evidence exists on their distribution in different renal tumors. We aimed to evaluate their expressions in various renal tumors and adjacent normal tissue.MethodsWe retrieved 810 histological samples from 26 patients who underwent surgery for suspected RCa. In each case a core of 10 × 1 mm was selected perpendicular to the tumor capsule between normal kidney and tumor. Within this core 30 regions of interest (ROI), each measuring 669 μm × 500 μm, were acquired at 20× magnification (n = 2 adjacent normal tissue; n = 2 tumor capsule; n = 26 tumor). The surface area of FSHR and CD34 immunostaining was quantified in each ROI using number of stained pixels. The results were compared between RCa and normal kidney.ResultsImmunostaining was significantly different in normal, tumor capsular, and tumor tissues (both CD34 and FSHR P < 0.0001), with overall highest expression in normal and lowest in tumor tissues, where CD34 and FSHR were differently expressed amongst different tumor subtypes (both P < 0.0001). CD34 and FSHR were more expressed in benign versus malignant (both P < 0.0001) and in chromophobe carcinoma versus oncocytoma tumor tissues (CD34 P = 0.0003; FSHR P < 0.0001). The discriminating ability of FSHR alone for benign versus malignant (AUC 0.805; 95% CI 0.771 to 0.837) and chromophobe carcinoma versus oncocytoma (AUC 0.973; 95% CI 0.939 to 0.991) was high. In both cases FSHR AUC was significantly higher than CD34 (both P < 0.0001) and equivalent to the combination of CD34 and FSHR (both P > 0.9). The correlation amongst levels of staining in tumor tissues and distance from the capsule were overall weak (Spearman coefficient CD34 to 0.0644; FSHR-0.16322).ConclusionCD34 and FSHR are differentially expressed across renal tumor subtypes and between tumor and surrounding tissues. FSHR expression alone may be a useful tool to differentiate benign from malignant tumors and chromophobe carcinoma from oncocytoma.


Lane detection and warning is an important ingredient of intelligent vehicle vision navigation system.In order to enhance the real-time of lane detection,a method based on Hough Transform(HT) of limited region is proposed.Firstly,deviding limited region by angle and range constraints of lane,and then,if there is eligible lane in the region,dynamic region of interest(ROI) is established,as a result region of HT is minimized and the total edge points is further reduced.With the different illumination situation,adopting corresponding selfadaptive measure in image preprocessing according to average gray,a result the noise immunity of algorithm is improved.The experiment results show that the approach has good real-time and noise immunity for the structured highway.


Contemporary studies in human genetics has become a 'Big Data Science', due to recent advances in sequencing technologies that has reduced the cost and improved accuracy of sequencing. This high volume 'Big Data' consists of genomics data, clinical data, electronic health records (EHR) and physical activity data form personal health apps and presents the unprecedented opportunity to combine them for integrated 'Big Data' healthcare analytics and applied knowledge. There is legitimate privacy and security concerns over indiscriminate open source access and use of the biomedical 'Big Data', while creation of barriers to data access is feared to hinder research endeavors in human diseases. In this brief commentary, the present status of genetic studies and data security are discussed (Figure 1).


In his phonemic analysis of Lhasa Tibetan in Love songs of the sixth Dalai Lama Jaw Yuanrenn (Y. R. Chao) notices 'variations' of some of the phonemes, and ascribes some of these 'variations' to differences in tempo or to chance: of the phoneme that he writes as 'e' he says ' i, 10 3 khrel gzhung tş'ilcuῃtş'ilcuŋ' [it may sometimes change to l, e.g. in song 10, line 3, khrel gzhung tş'cuῃ is pronounced tş'ilcuῃ]; of the phoneme 'a', 'ә 1 2 lam buhi lamp'ø lәmpø' [it may change to ә in rapid speech, e.g. in song 4, line 2, lam buhi lamp'ø is pronounced lәmpø]; and of the phoneme 'o', 'u, 36 3 rlung po luŋpo luŋbu' [it may occasionally be pronounced u, e.g. in song 36, line 3, rlung po luŋpo is pronounced lunbu]; but a phonological analysis of the speech of Rinzin Wangpo (rig-'dzin dbang-po) (R.), a Lhasa-dialect-speaking Tibetan, overwhelmingly suggests that vowel alternations such as these should be attributed to vowel harmony.


Abstract : A comparison of the zero lift drag coefficients of a stepped base projectile to flat base and truncated boattail base projectiles is presented. Three model configurations were investigated during the test program. These included an experimental 20mm round with a 7 1/2 deg., truncated boattail base, a round modified with a flat base, and a round modified with a stepped base. All of the projectiles were tested at sea level conditions in an indoor ballistic free-flight facility. This paper discusses the aerodynamic experiment and the data obtained. Results show that the zero lift drag coefficient of the stepped base projectile was less than that of the flat base round for the subsonic Mach number range and approximately the same for the transonic and supersonic ranges. However, the stepped base projectile produced zero lift drag greater than that of the boattail round at each Mach number. Keywords: Base drag; Separated flow; projectile afterbody; Ballistic testing.


A novel technique for the determination of differential mode attenuation in a graded-index fibre is presented. Its originality lies in its experimental simplicity and small data processing involved.


We present and study the iteration-complexity of a relative-error inexact proximal-Newton extragradient algorithm for solving smooth monotone variational inequality problems in real Hilbert spaces. We removed a search procedure from Monteiro and Svaiter (2012) by introducing a novel approach based on homotopy, which requires the resolution (at each iteration) of a single strongly monotone linear variational inequality. For a given tolerance $\rho>0$, our main algorithm exhibits pointwise $O\left(\frac{1}{\rho}\right)$ and ergodic $O\left(\frac{1}{\rho^{2/3}}\right)$ iteration-complexities.


Machining is the commonly used process in the manufacturing of prototypes. This process offers several advantages, such as rigidity of the machine, precision of the machine, precision of the operation and specially a quick delivery. The weight and immobility of the machine support and immobilize the part during the operation. However, despite these advantages it shows, machining still presents several limitations. The immobilization, location and support of the part are referred to as fixturing or workholding and present the biggest challenge for time efficient machining. So it is important to select and design the appropriate fixturing assembly. This assembly depends on the complexity of the part and the tool paths and may require the construction of dedicated fixtures. With traditional techniques, the range of fixturable shapes is limited and the identification of suitable fixtures in a given setup involves complex reasoning. To solve this limitation and to apply the automation, this paper presents the Reference Free Part Encapsulation(RFPE) and implementation of the encapsulation system. The feature-based modeling system and the encapsulation system are implemented. The small part of which it is difficult to find out the appropriate fixturing assembly is made by this system.


Abstract. In the paper, we have two purposes. Firstly, we estimate thehyper-order of an entire function which shares two functions with it???s ???rstderivative, and two examples are given to show the conclusion is sharp.Secondly, we generalize the Bru??ck conjecture with the idea of sharingfunctions. 1. Introduction and main resultsIn the Nevanlinna theory, the order and the hyper-order of a meromorphicfunction are two important concepts. So, it is meaningful to discuss the prop-erties of the order and the hyper-order for a meromorphic function. Let usrecall the de???nitions of the order and hyper-order of a meromorphic functionf, which are respectively de???ned as (see [12])??(f) = limsup r?????? logT(r,f)logr= limsup r?????? loglogM(r,f)logr,??(f) = limsup r?????? log logT(r,f)logr= limsup r?????? log log logM(r,f)logr.We also de???ne the hyper-lower-order as follows.??(f) = liminf r?????? log logT(r,f)logr= liminf r?????? log log logM(r,f)logr.In 1982, Bank and Laine [1] investigated the solutions of a di???erential equa-tion and obtained the following result.TheoremA. Let A(z) be a nonconstant polynomial of degree n, and let f 6= 0be a solution of the equation f


Many farmers were able to get back into the field this week and start finishing up planting. However, there are still many areas where fields remain flooded and it will take awhile before we can get back in and replant. Some fields need to be replanted and some don't. It is important to accurately estimate a surviving stand and then evaluate the economics of replanting.


In this study we reconstruct forest composition during the 1860s for a 71000 ha area in southern boreal Sweden. The aim is to show how historical ownership and associated anthropogenic disturbances ...


AIM:To evaluate the therapeutic effects of bisdemethoxycurcumin liposome in mice with CCl4-induced acute liver injury model and its mechanism.METHODS:40 ICR mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group,model group,bisdemethoxycurcumin injection group and demethoxycurcumin liposome group(n=10).The liver injury model was made by injecting CCl4 in mouse's abdomen.The activities of ALT,AST in serum,the contents of MDA in liver and the pathological changes of hepatic tissue were investigated.RESULTS:Compared with those in control group,the serum ALT,AST activities and liver MDA contents of model group were highly increased,but those in bisdemethoxycurcumin injection group and bisdemethoxycurcumin liposome group were reduced significantly.The liver lobules were ameliorated obviously too,especially in bisdemethoxycurcumin liposome group.The pharmacodynamic action of liposome was better than that of the injection.CONCLUSION:Bisdemethoxycurcumin liposome has significantly protective effects on CCl4-induced acute chemical liver injury by reducing peroxidation of lipid in endotheliocyte of the liver.


This article argues that Modernization as a development construct has ignored
indigenous culture to a large extend within its paradigm of sustained economic
growth. This multi-cultured globalized world with its dominant (western) monoculture
of modernization has as cost to the developing world the continued
dependency of the have-nots on the haves. Theology values development, as long as
it is holistic and people-centered for it then speaks of a cultural fit, which in turn
reflects respect for human dignity and self-worth. However, even culture has certain
coerciveness. Hence, the relation between theology and culture will always exhibit a
dialectical tension. The author argues for an epistemology of transformation, which
is not posed as an alternative development strategy but as a Christian framework for
looking at human and social change. A theology of transformation approach to
development is better designed to develop an intercultural disposition energized by
the kingdom values of God. The author is of the opinion that the best characteristic
of Transformational Development Theology is its sense of hospitality – in that it is a
theology of generosity, which poses a challenge as much as it requires a willingness
to embrace the other, which is truly an approach of interculturality.


Museum environmental monitoring is an important issue for the artifact conservation. Many solutions have been proposed to tackle this problem, but the museum constraints prevent an easy application in several cases, especially if the monitoring has to be performed in museums where an environmental control system has been already installed. This paper describes a simple though powerful solution, which complies with most of the common constraints and which is based on small sensors implementing a BT-LE wireless protocol coupled with a receiving architecture. The sensing nodes have dimensions of few centimeters, do not require cabling and power supply, and can work unattended for several years. Data are collected by a receiving architecture, which can work either on-line, with immediate data delivery, or off-line when an Internet connection is not available. Users can browse the measurements by using their smart-phones from any place and can download the data on their personal computer. In addition they can browse locally the data also in the absence of any data connection, such as in the case of remote and or recessed sites. The proposed solution has been deployed in three museums, also in the basements, and in an ancient building proving its flexibility and capability to be adapted to the different conditions.


There are problems associated with flight of objects such as rockets after exceeding sound barrier. One of them is heating up their body during the flight, especially at low altitudes. Overheated surface of rocket leads to serious consequences, such as rapid destruction of material components of missile. It could cause an interference with target tracking signal if it is on the spectral range of missile optoelectronic detecting head. It can cause destruction of flying missile in extreme cases. In addition, temperature increase causes an increase of drag force of object what directly influences its ballistic parameters. The subject of the paper is to present a concept of experimental set-up to test the heating of missile body at flight. The set-up is based on a wind tunnel. Four missiles were selected for initial analysis in order to test some typical designs for significantly different flight velocities and aerodynamics. Boundary layer at flow around the surface, determining temperature field of missile, the local distribution of heat transfer coefficients on the sphere and exemplary distribution of temperature and pressure on the sphere during flow around, distribution of Nusselt numbers for different velocities of flow around roll, numerical model of rockets, distribution of Mach number, temperature field and velocity vectors are presented.


A deployable long-range passive radar system has been used to observe satellites in low Earth orbit utilising distant transmitters in real time. This paper details the experimental radar's design, including its array, configuration and software. Methods to improve satellite detections and initial orbit determination are also described. The radar is capable of detecting objects the size of small rocket bodies, in real time, utilising a transmitter 300 km away. Additionally, during post-processing, satellites were detected when utilising a separately collected reference, from a transmitter 1,600 km away. Such a system enables passive long-range detection at considerable standoff ranges from transmitters of opportunity.


The article is devoted to the historical and social aspects of the interaction of the state and military personnel with disabilities. The basic initial stages of the formation of social work in the young Russian empire with war invalids in the 18th century are considered.


Mentoring is an employee training system in which an experienced person is assigned to act as counsellor, advisor to a less experienced or a knowledgeable person.Due to mentoring, it helps the young professionals to build a relationship with the adults. Mentoring is found everywhere schools, colleges, businesses etc. In business mentoring includes job exploration, tutoring, role plays etc. Employees are the important asset of any organization and their development is considered as an important factor for organizational growth. Any program is said to be successful if it positively affects the employees. Hence companies need to be sensitive to employees need with respect to mentoring being programs provided until and unless the employees see value in the mentoring program guiding them through their career progression, these efforts of the company will be a waste, hence the employees perspective on the effectiveness of mentoring need to be studied organizations conduct various development programs, for these programs to be successful there should be effective monitoring of employees. This study is a descriptive study intended to understand the mentoring program and its benefits towards the employees and how it affects the employees for their career development. For fulfilling the above objectives, both primary and secondary data has been collected. For collecting primary data, structured questionnaire was adopted. The Data collected was analyzed using Statistical tools like graph analysis, and statistical package such as SPSS.


have to be white or dark green. Have you ever considered the possible charm of a turquoiseblue door in a pale gray stucco house, with boxes of frilly pink petunias under the front windows and a pair of dwarf apple trees beside the steps? . . . Nothing adds so much to the beauty and happiness of this world as color. Most of us don't get enough of it into our houses and our lives. We need it about us every day we live, almost as much as we need sunshine and fresh air and water and food. Without it


Primary Examiner-John W. Rollins Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Weingarten, Schlurgin, Gagnebin & Hayes (57) ABSTRACT The invention relates to a therapeutic composition con taining, as the active principle, a-linolenic acid and an alcohol of vegetable origin, such as a tocopherol or sitosterol. Preferably, the composition contains other fatty acids and is an organic extract of plants, especially of the Resedaceae family. The invention also relates to the plant extracts as novel products. The therapeutic composition is especially useful as an antiinflammatory.


Three flexible peptidic receptors bearing two crown ethers at different positions are demonstrated to have a geometrical recognition ability towards longer substrates of a series of primary diammonium aliphatic guests.


The drug discovery process is far from optimal; only 1 in 10 compounds selected for development successfully reach the clinical trial phase. In an attempt to improve the efficiency of this process, we have applied feature analysis techniques to polypeptide spectral data from the liver of rats that have been exposed to various dosages of pharmaceuticals. Our goal is to use these techniques to predict the toxicity of a compound in vivo and help eliminate potentially dangerous pharmaceuticals from advancing past early stages of discovery.


Population manipulations such as translocation and head‐starting are increasingly used as recovery tools for chelonians. But evaluating success of individual projects can require decades of monitoring to detect population trends in these long‐lived species. Furthermore, there are often few benchmarks from stable, unmanipulated populations against which to compare demographic rates, particularly for the immature stages. We used 8 years of mark‐recapture data to estimate apparent survival of immature gopher tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) recruited into an introduced population of gopher tortoises first established on St. Catherines Island, Georgia, USA, in 1987. During 2006–2013, we conducted targeted trapping of immature gopher tortoises and compared survival of the hatchling, juvenile and subadult stages among treatments: individuals released shortly after hatching from eggs obtained from gravid female founders (direct releases), individuals reared in captivity for 6–9 months following hatching (head‐starts), and individuals first encountered as free‐ranging, wild‐recruited offspring (wild recruits). Among the candidate models we examined, the best fit model included additive effects of tortoise stage and treatment; however, overlapping 95% credible intervals among treatments (CrI) suggested that survival did not vary significantly among treatments. Annual apparent survival increased over the immature period, highlighting the importance of calculating separate estimates for the different immature stages. Across all treatments, the additive model estimated annual apparent survival probability to be 0.37 (CrI= 0.25–0.48) for hatchlings, 0.71 (CrI= 0.61–0.81) for juveniles, and 0.83 (CrI= 0.74–0.94) for subadults. Our study, in combination with previous monitoring efforts at St. Catherines Island, provides strong evidence that the translocation and subsequent population augmentation efforts have been successful in establishing a robust population of gopher tortoises. Additionally, our results provide estimates of demographic rates for life stages that are poorly understood but critical to understanding population dynamics of this imperiled species. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.


AbstractA Study for the Parent's Recognition of the Oriental Medical Tr eatment and the Expectation of Children's Growth Yoon Hye Joon․Kim Deog Gon․Lee Jin YongDepartment of Pediatrics, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyunghe e UniversityObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the parents' awareness on the oriental medical treatment and their expectation on children's growth. MethodsThe survey was conducted on 78 Health Kids Fair visitors, and 87 children's height and weight were measured in this study.Results1. Compare to other treatment, 62.82% of the parents responded that herbal medicine is relatively effective in treating weakness, followed by 'Allergic disease'(46.15%) 'Growth disturbance'(26.92%) 'Obesity'(26.92%) 'Respiratory disease'(26.92%) 'Digestive disease'(19.23%) 'Precocious puberty'(8.97%) 'Neurologic & psychologic disease'(6.41%) 'Urogenital disease'(3.85%).2. Parents recognize that 'Oriental medicine have an effect on children's height mostly'(25.64%) 'Oriental medicine have an effect on children's height partially'(64.10%) 'Oriental medicine have no effect on children's height'(10.26%) 25.64% of the parents responded that herbal med icine would be helpful in increasing height, 64.10% of the parents said they would be helpful to the certain extent, and 10.26% said they would not play any roles.3. Expected average weight, height, and BMI score for the boys were 71.8kg, 179.6cm and 22.10. For the girls, however, they were 53.4kg, 168.7, and 18.74.4. Survey on parents ' awareness on benefits of different treatments for challenged growth, Herbal medicine'(48.72%) 'Acupuncture'(7.69%), 'Moxibustion'(3.85%), 'Electronic acupuncture and Aqua acupuncture'(1.28%), 'Massage on acupuncture point'(19.23%), 'Consultation of eating habits'(61.54%), 'Consultation of exercise'(47.44%) were measured.ConclusionsConsidering the collected results, we realized that the parents' expected height on their children was, in fact, higher than the standard height. In addition, for treatments for their children's growth improvement, parents expected that 'Herbal madicine' 'Massage on acupuncture point' 'Consultation of eating habits' 'Consultation of exercise would be beneficial.Key words : Height, Weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), MPH, Oriental medical treatment


Activity Available Online: To access the article, post-test, and evaluation online, go to http:// www.cmscscholar.org. Target Audience: The target audience for this activity is physicians, physician assistants, nursing professionals, and other health-care providers involved in the management of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Learning Objectives: 1) Appropriately apply information learned in this activity to assign a severity grade to MS patients 2) Recognize the limitations of the severity grading scheme and be able to address those limitations in both treating and educating patients Accreditation Statement: This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint providership of the Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers (CMSC), Nurse Practitioner Alternatives (NPA), and Delaware Media Group. The CMSC is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The CMSC designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)TM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. Nurse Practitioner Alternatives (NPA) is accredited as a provider of continuing nursing education by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation. NPA designates this enduring material for 1.0 Continuing Nursing Education credit (none of these credits are in the area of pharmacology). Disclosures: Francois Bethoux, MD, Editor in Chief of the International Journal of MS Care (IJMSC), has served as Physician Planner for this activity. He has disclosed no relevant financial relationships. Robert Charlson, MD, has served on an advisory board for Teva Pharmaceuticals. Joshua Herbert, BA, has disclosed no relevant financial relationships. Ilya Kister, MD, has served as a consultant for Biogen Idec and Genentech. Dr. Kister has also performed contracted research for Bayer, Genzyme, and Biogen Idec. Laurie Scudder, DNP, NP, has served as Nurse Planner for this activity. She has disclosed no relevant financial relationships. The anonymous peer reviewers for the IJMSC have disclosed no relevant financial relationships. The staff at the CMSC, NPA, and Delaware Media Group who are in a position to influence content have disclosed no relevant financial relationships. Method of Participation: Release Date: October 1, 2016 Valid for Credit Through: October 1, 2017 In order to receive CME/CNE credit, participants must: 1) Review the CME/CNE information, including learning objectives and author disclosures. 2) Study the educational content. 3) Complete the post-test and evaluation, which are available at http://www.cmscscholar.org. Statements of Credit are awarded upon successful completion of the post-test with a passing score of >70% and the evaluation. There is no fee to participate in this activity. Disclosure of Unlabeled Use: This CME/CNE activity may contain discussion of published and/ or investigational uses of agents that are not approved by the FDA. CMSC, NPA, and Delaware Media Group do not recommend the use of any agent outside of the labeled indications. The opinions expressed in the educational activity are those of the faculty and do not necessarily represent the views of CMSC, NPA, or Delaware Media Group. Disclaimer: Participants have an implied responsibility to use the newly acquired information to enhance patient outcomes and their own professional development. The information presented in this activity is not meant to serve as a guideline for patient management. Any medications, diagnostic procedures, or treatments discussed in this publication should not be used by clinicians or other health-care professionals without first evaluating their patients' conditions, considering possible contraindications or risks, reviewing any applicable manufacturer's product information, and comparing any therapeutic approach with the recommendations of other authorities. CME/CNE ARTICLE • 2016 SERIES • NUMBER 2


The measurement of the wafer content of granular materials is an important task in agriculture as well as in the food industry. No available measuring method provides completely satisfactory results either because of the lengthy measurement operations or due to the maintenance of accuracy problems. This paper discusses the possibility of determining the water potential, from which the water content can eventually be determined, by using ultrasonic waves. The discussed solution employs the ultrasonic waves to determine the velocity of sound in a chamber inserted into the material and a solid state sensor to determine the temperature. The knowledge of these parameters allows one to compute the relative humidity from which the water potential is readily obtained. Experimental results are reported that refer to tests carried out in a soil sample ender controlled conditions and that confirms the feasibility of the solution.


In structured Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems, a load on a specific node can occur if specific data utilization increases. Load imbalance can degrade system and network performance. In this paper, we propose a new dynamic load balancing scheme according to load threshold adjustment. The proposed scheme adjusts the load threshold of a node by comparing it with a mean threshold of adjacent nodes, thereby increasing the threshold evenly. The performance evaluation shows that the proposed scheme improves overall load balancing performance.


Receiver field of regard is one of the major problems for free space optical (FSO) communications. Drift or vibrations in transceiver orientations reduces effective communication time. The methods implemented to overcome this limitation, often require bulky optical and complex mechanical assemblies with feedback control, that are not suitable for long run operation in an airborne system. In this paper, we propose a novel receiver system that can effectively reduce the impact of pointing errors. The system is composed of two metalenses and one off-the-shelf conventional lens. The first metalens focuses optical beam incident at different angles on the aperture, at different locations on focal plane. The second metalens is placed on the focal plane of first metalens. After passing through the second metalens, the beams become parallel to optical axis of the receiver optical system. The parallel beams are collected by a suitable off-the-shelf aspheric lens and focused back on single detector that sits on a point on the optical axis. The system is designed and analyzed by physical optics theory. With 0.5 mm receiver aperture and 50 mm diameter aspheric lens, Zemax simulation shows that the system can collect +/-5-degree incident angle with detector diameter of 273μm. COMSOL frequency domain simulation with smaller diameter beam shows that the efficiency of the 2 metalens system is about 80%. Efficient metalens design and beam compression at detector plane are two key features of the proposed system. The system relaxes the strict requirement of aligning the transmitter and receiver unit in FSO communication.


A 77-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital because of a right lower abdominal mass and right lower abdominal pain which had been felt for about one month but gradually aggravated. No epigastric pain, nausea, and diarrhea were noted. On admission, physical examination revealed a palpable mass 3cm in diameter in the right lower abdomen with rebound tenderness. Abdominal ultrasonography demonstrated a 20×17mm low echoic lesion and CT revealed a low density abdominal mass 2cm in diameter. Colonoscopic examination revealed obstruction of appendiceal orifice with swelling and redness of surrounding cecal mucosa. Appendectomy was performed and the diagnosis of mucinous cystadenoma was made by intraoperative frozen section. The surgical margin was positive so on ileoceal resection was performed. Histopathological study revealed a production of large quantity of mucin to form a 7×12mm cyst which was seemingly surrounded by columnar epithelial cells in monolayer; the NC ratio was small; and morphologies and sizes of nuclei were relatively homogenous with less dysplasia. The difinite diagnosis of mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix of low grade malignancy was made. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 14th postoperative day in good condition. The patient has been well as of 3 years after the operation. Mucinous cystadenoma of the appendix is a rare disease and presents difficulty in diagnosis preoperatively. Reported cases in the Japanese literature are reviewed in terms of diagnosis and surgical procedures.


This paper is concerned with the reliable calibration of the grinding power model. The power model used in the present paper is expressed by formulae with grinding parameters as input arguments, and a number of model constants representing a given wheel, workpiece, and grinding fluid combination. The model constants are calibrated using measured grinding forces and power, taking into consideration of the chip formation, sliding, and plowing components of the power. These correspond to the constants of specific chip formation energy uch, the coefficient of friction μ and average contact pressure pa, and the plowing force per unit width F′pl, respectively. A new generalized experimental approach was developed in this study to reflect the physical meaning of the model. Compared with other approaches, this approach does not require a pre-knowledge of the wheel wear flat area value and the regime of the average contact pressure. The proposed approach includes measurements of forces and power from surface grinding tests with a fixed set of grinding parameters conducted at different wheel dullness levels for calibrating the constant μ, as well as tests with variable workspeeds at each of the wheel dullness level for calibrating the other constants. As an application example, it was applied to calibrating the power model for grinding of a nickel-based alloy with oil as grinding fluid and electroplated CBN wheels. The calibrated model was then validated through tests under different grinding conditions.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


The space groups of the transition metal-Schiff base complexes, [Ni(C_5H_4NO-2-CH=N-CH_2CH_2-N=CH-2-C_5H_4NO)·2H_2O](ClO_4)_2 (described in Cc), [Ni(C_5H_4NO-2-CH=N-CH(CH_3)CH_2-N=CH-2-C_5H_4NO)·2H_2O](ClO_4)_2 (described in An) and {Cu[(C_5H_4NO-2-CH=N-N=C(NH_2)S](H_2O)}_2(NO_3)_2·H_2O (described in Cc), have been revised to C2/c. The general descriptions of the first two structures are unchanged in the higher-symmetry setting; for the last structure, the copper atom is re-assigned an octahedral coordination geometry instead of the reported square-pyramidal coordination geometry. The space group of {[CuO_2CCH_2NHCH_2CO_2]·(C_10H_8N_2)}_2·12H_2O is similarly revised from P1 to P1. Atomic coordinates for the revised structures are reported.


Non-Oily Moisturizer Provides Effective Relief From Sunburn, Minor Burns, And Itching & Chafing Forms A Protective Barrier Which Helps Retain Moisture & Promotes Healing Cooling, Soothing Gel Made From Fresh Aloe Vera Leaves Fragr...


A module M over an associative ring with unity is a QTAG-module if every finitely generated submodule of any homomorphic image of M is a direct sum of uniserial modules. There are many fascinating concepts related to these modules of which h-pure submodules and N -high submodules are very significant.Here we characterize h-pure hulls of QTAG-module in terms of N -high submodules of M . We also characterize submodules of QTAG-modules which are the intersections of finitely many h-pure submodules.


How to utilize effectively the public gymnasiums after holding sport matches has become a challenge in system reform,it is also a challenge of service enterprise after joining WTO.The reform of public gymnasiums should guarantee the goal of public welfare,and the specific feature must be consid- ered,the running of public gymnasiums need the regulation from sport administration.In the process of system reform,we should adopt different manage- ment according to different features of public gymnasiums.If the gymnasiums have changed as enterprise,the market relations between government and gymnasiums can be established in the style of purchasing public service according to the principles of separation of property power,management power and operation power.


Abstract This paper explores happiness as an aim of education, particularly schooling. What role does happiness play in philosophy of education? How do critics view the aims of public schooling today and its relation to happiness? Is happiness embedded in the concept of education as an aim of education? The paper explores happiness—understood inclusively as a positive mental state—by examining the relevant literature from various disciplines. It looks briefly at critical views of current trends in public school practice and concludes that happiness is not a central concern in present public school practice. Turning to philosophy of education, the author finds that happiness has been considered in relation to the philosophical conception of the human self and consequently eudaimonia has been prioritized over hedonia. The paper concludes by proposing that happiness is an appropriate and valid aim of education and schooling based on the normative implications of the concept of education.


The purposes of this study are to identify the level of communication skills and mathematical resilience of junior high school students and to find out their mistakes in finishing communication-based questions. The method used in this study is descriptive quantitative method. This study is conducted in an Islamic school namely MTs Al Basyariyah located in Bandung, Indonesia. Performing as the respondents of this study are 36 students of class IX-B. To collect the data, this study employs a communication-based question diagnostic test and a questionnaire on student resilience. The results of the study show that (1) most of the students find it difficult to do question number one whose indicator is written text; (2) students' skill on doing communication-based questions is still low; and (3) there is not significant correlation between students' communication skills and their resilience. To cope with these phenomena, it is recommended that teachers use learning strategies that are able to enhance students' conceptual understanding so that their communication skills can be achieved.


The principle and application of mould breakout prevention technology for FTSC thin slab caster of TISCO UYSP are introduced and this technology has been further improved by optimization of the process parameters and expansion of functions of the mould breakout prevention system in the practical application.


The viscoelastic character of polymer solutions and melts gives rise to instabilities that are not seen in the flows of Newtonian liquids. In industrial applications such as coating and extrusion, these so-called "elastic" instabilities can impose a limitation on the throughput. Hence, it is important to understand, and if possible, to suppress them. The first instability we study is the phenomenon of melt fracture, which occurs in the extrusion of polymer melts and takes the form of gross distortions of the surface of the extrudate. This instability is linked to the phenomenon of wall-slip, i.e., the velocity of the polymer at the wall relative to the velocity of the wall itself (also called the slip velocity) is non-zero. Several slip relations based on microscopic theories for polymers predict regions in which the slip velocity is multivalued. The expectation is that a multivalued slip relation will result in a multivalued flow curve, which in turn causes melt fracture. Using a simple slip relation, we show that when the dependence of the slip velocity on the pressure is taken into account, this is not necessarily true: a multivalued slip law does not necessarily imply a multivalued flow curve. The second instability we study is the "filament stretching instability," which occurs in the extension of a polymeric liquid bridge between two parallel plates. This instability takes the form of a bifurcation to a non-axisymmetric shape near the endplates at


Take advantage of the technical superiority of data envelopment analysis on quantification and objectivity to score relative efficiency of investment value for listed companies.Use this method to take a demonstration research to fifty chosen listed companies.As a new way to judge relative investment value of listed companies,the paper will conclude a positive result by comparing investing yield ratio of portfolio with that of stock index in the same term.


ABSTRACT Much of the built environment has been constructed in the last hundred years, particularly in the decades following 1945. These buildings and sites are considered an integral part of our collective heritage, yielding a 'recent heritage' that must be considered for preservation. Modernism, followed by New Formalism, Brutalism and Post Modernism, are 'styles' that all in one form or another challenge our concept of permanence. Today, architects and designers live longer than their buildings, and, essentially, we are arguing for the preservation of our own buildings. Whereas William Morris and John Ruskin began to formulate a preservation theory at a time when buildings were centuries old, walls were load bearing and 18-inches thick, now they are of our own generation with walls that have been reduced to studs and a layer of sheetrock, a single concrete block or a layer of EIFS (exterior insulation finish system). There is no margin for error and, in that context, the concept of material authenticity – the desire to retain as much as possible the original material as the primary record of the past – would seem to be a contradiction. Preserving modernism has brought into focus the dichotomy between longevity and innovation. With the arrival of Post Modern architecture and particularly its early and whimsical expressions, the design and construction of these buildings seems to have become even more fragile and more temporal. This calls for more intervention, more replacement and reconstruction, creating an economic burden and a philosophical conundrum. While we are still deciding what is important and what to save, the buildings under consideration are rapidly deteriorating and have often become financially obsolete. For these phenomena, we need to develop a broader array of philosophical tenets and material strategies. By looking at some current and past examples of modernism and post modernism, we can begin to explore an approach. This may involve a partial or complete reconstruction or rebuilding, a concept anathema to established theories. Examples range, for instance, from Carlo Scarpa's restoration and renovation of Castelvecchio in Verona, Italy to Charles Moore's Piazza d'Italia in New Orleans; such instances may offer some insights into the levels of intervention to be anticipated and to its implications. After all, this dilemma is not entirely new, but must be addressed in the context of our generation, as others did before us.


Previous research suggests that diverse factors predict gender differences in entrepreneurial behaviour. This paper investigates using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) how subjective norms, attitudes and perceived behavioural control influence Spanish university students' entrepreneurial intention. In fact, this study allows for a better understanding of the origin of those differences; our findings reveal that the moderating effect of gender has a positive influence effect for women on the relationship between those subjective norms and the perceived behavioural control, it is found in female student's case that these norms get to explain 19% of variability towards perceived behavioural control. The findings of this paper will allow the design of more effective education initiatives and policy makers for the future.


Reflectoquant analytical technology was assessed for measuring inorganic orthophosphate (Pi‐mainly H2PO4 − but also HPO4 2 −) in oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus). The Reflectoquant system consists of a hand‐held reflectometer (RQflex2) combined with phosphate sensitive test‐strips, which use molybdate‐blue chemistry. Reflectoquant slightly under‐estimated Pi concentrations in standard potassium phosphate solutions, and had a linear measurement range between 5–100 mg PO4 L− 1 (0.05–1.05 mM Pi). Variability in phosphate test‐strip performance was large with five test‐strips per sample being required for 95% confidence in the mean value. Potentially interfering ions and molecules at concentrations commonly found in plant sap—chloride, nitrate, citrate, ATP, fructose‐6‐phosphate, and NADP—had no significant effect on the Pi assays. The Reflectoquant method gave similar results to a typical laboratory assay for Pi in rape leaf blades. In practice, plant sap or tissue water samples would need to be diluted up to 40 times to bring Pi into the linear range of the Reflectoquant system and this also ensures minimal interference from other cell constituents. Five methods of extracting Pi from oilseed rape leaves were compared in the laboratory‐fresh, freeze‐thaw, freeze‐dry, microwave‐dry and oven‐dry. Tissue water was pressed from leaves in the first two methods, whilst Pi in the (milled) material from the three drying methods was extracted by shaking with 2% acetic acid. Tissue water and acid extracts were analyzed for Pi by the molybdate‐blue method using either a laboratory spectrometer or Reflectoquant technology. Extraction method, but not analytical method, had a significant effect on Pi concentrations which increased in the order oven‐dry > microwave‐dry > freeze‐thaw = freeze‐dry > fresh. The freeze‐thaw method coupled with Reflectoquant technology was deemed most suitable for the on‐farm measurement of Pi in oilseed rape leaves.


Enhancing and improving the construction of the Party and ideological and political work in universities is an important part of the Party construction.In an attempt to provoke further thinking on this issue,this paper conducts a case study of Longyan University,which is engaged in the establishment of university characteristics of "the Red Land",and discusses how a local university should take root in local realities and demonstrate the characteristics of "the Red Land" so as to enhance and improve the Party construction and ideological and political work in the university.


The housing stock is being restructured in many Dutch post-war neighbourhoods. Through demolition and upgrading of social rented housing and the construction of new owner occupied dwellings, the housing stock and the living environment are being improved. This policy has triggered major residential moves in and beyond some neighbourhoods, partly involuntary. Residents whose dwelling is being demolished or heavily upgraded, are usually forced to move elsewhere. Knowledge of the social implications of forced relocation in the Netherlands is limited, especially on experiences and opinions of relocated households. This paper covers research in two recently restructured neighbourhoods. Movers were recruited to share their experiences and opinions in focus groups and interviews. Surprisingly, many movers were able to improve their housing situation, mostly due to their priority rights in the housing market. However, movers who were less able to take advantage of these rights reported a certain degree of degradation. Moreover, it appears that relocation processes must still be improved in order to reduce stress and refine communication with residents.


Childhood cancer survivors have identified fertility preservation as a major concern. Sperm banking is an established fertility preservation option in pubertal males. We sought to describe current practices in Canadian pediatric oncology programs, and to identify perceived barriers to sperm banking for male adolescents.


There is the different understanding to "honesty and credit" in Chinese and the West culture,The Chinese culture emphasized the "honesty" to in shape significance, but western culture regards the "credit" as the rational value because of the contract. During the reformation and the beginning of the market economy in Chinese society, the construction of "honesty and credit" have to depend on the foundation of the system . The common essence of the system has guaranteed the function of the "honesty and credit". The intrinsic system and the external system also displayed their function respectively, in which has been manifesting the connection of "honesty and credit" and the system. The absence of "honesty and credit" and the improper supplying of the system have the inseparable relations.


A full 3 × 3 diallel experiment was planned utilizing three White Leghorn strains viz., IWH, IWI and IWK and the combining ability analysis was undertaken. The overall means for age at first egg, body weight at 20 and 40 weeks were 150.51±0.34 days, 1171.48±4.00 g and 1381.87±6.62 g respectively. Similarly the overall means of egg production up to 40 and 64 weeks of age and egg weights at 28, 40, 52 and 64 weeks of age were 98.74±0.70, 214.58±1.56, 47.77±0.11, 51.53±0.24, 54.40±0.13 and 56.57±0.15 g, respectively. The GCA effects were found to be significant for all the traits studied except for egg production up to 64 weeks of age. Similarly SCA effects were found to be significant for all the traits studied except for egg production up to 40 weeks. The reciprocal effects were significant for age at first egg, body weight at 20 weeks and for egg production up to 40 and 64 weeks of age. Heterosis for egg production up to 64 weeks and egg weight at 64 weeks was significantly favourable in five out of six crosses (based on mid parent). Hence strain crossing may be advocated to exploit the non-additive genetic variance in White Leghorns to bring about improvement in egg production and egg weight.


In this paper, we determined dopamine using screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) which was activated by 0.1mol L−1 NaOH solution deposited on the electrode to improve the capabilities of detection. Cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry were used to investigate the electrochemical behavior of dopamine. Cyclic voltammetry studies indicated that electrochemical oxidation of dopamine at the surface of SPCEs was decided by pH value. Different pulse voltammetry for dopamine oxidation at the SPCEs yielded a well-defined oxidation peak at 0.2V in 0.1mol L−1 phosphate buffer (pH 5.0). The proposed electrodes showed good selectivity for dopamine and a good linear relationship between dopamine concentration and oxidation current was obtained within the range of 2.0 × 10−7mol L−1–300.0 × 10−6mol L−1 with a detection limit of 6.7 × 10−8mol L−1 (S/N = 3). In addition, the results showed that the precision in terms of reproducibility was 2.8% in the case of the activated SPCEs. The recovery rates of this technology were 95.40 to 103.4% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) was 2.7%–4.6%, indicating that this method can completely be used for detecting the practical dopamine injection sample. © The Electrochemical Society of Japan, All rights reserved.


The commercialization of solid oxide cells for power generation or hydrogen production requires extended cell lifetime and durability. A solid oxide cell can operate either under a potentiostatic or a galvanostatic mode. It remains unclear what's the role of those two operating modes on the performance durability of solid oxide cells, which limits our understanding and subsequently predicting service life and reliability of solid oxide cells.
 It is known that many degradation phenomena in solid oxide cells can be accelerated by the electrochemical operations, which manifest various distributions of oxygen chemical potential (μO2) across a solid oxide cell. The variation in the local μO2 is a central driving force for the phase transformation, demixing, and microstructure evolution, leading to a higher resistance of the cell components and decreasing cell performance. As a response to the degradation, the μO2 redistributes across the cell and the driving force for the degradation changes. The μO2 distribution differs when a cell operates at a constant current or a constant voltage. The driving force with different extents of degradation under both operation modes is compared to establish the optimum operation approach, which can shed light on identifying mitigation strategies to improve performance durability with existing cell configurations and materials.

 Acknowledgement

 We greatly appreciate the support from U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management under DE-FE0032110. Part of this work is supported by U.S. National Science Foundation under NSF-2119688.


A new segmented compressed sampling method for analog-to-information conversion (AIC) is proposed. According to this method, signal is first segmented and passed through the AIC to generate an array of incomplete measurements. Then, an extended number of correlated measurements is constructed by adding up subsets of the incomplete measurements selected in a specific manner. Due to the inherent special structure of the method, the complexity of the sampling device is unchanged, while the signal recovery performance is significantly improved. The validity of the proposed method is justified through theoretical analysis. Simulation results also verify the effectiveness of the proposed segmented compressed sampling method.


This paper analyzes the empirical link between asset prices, consumption and the trade balance using a global macroeconometric model developed by Pesaran, Schuermann, and Weiner (2004). The model is estimated for 29 countries with quarterly data over the period 1981Q1 - 2006Q4. Motivated by increasing international financial and real integration, and pronounced cycles in stock and housing prices, we employ generalized impulse response functions for a group of five of the world''s most industrialized countries and show that shocks to asset prices transmit into consumption decisions and subsequently into the trade balance. We refer to this transmission channel as the international wealth effect and find it to be present in the US, UK and, to a lesser extent, in France, but absent in Japan and Germany.


This paper is intended to be a study concerning lake water pollution in Nagpur city, Maharashtra (India). Regional and seasonal variation of some physico-chemical parameters such as nutrients salts, total nitrogen and total phosphorous, in addition, temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen (D0), chemical oxygen demand(COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solid (SS) were determined for the estimation of pollution load during the period from January to December 2008. The sampling points were selected on the basis of their importance. A monitoring network was set at representative site in the whole studied area and water samples were taken on a regular basis for laboratory analysis. Important variations have occurred in the investigated area as a result of human activity and discharge of waste water. During present study, Ambazari, Gandhisagar and Futala Lake water showed significant pollution as compared to Gorewada Lake. This is attributable to pollution due to human activities such as immersion of idols of God and Goddess during festival season, surface runoff resulting from rainfall, washing activities and sewage (poor) around Lake. All the calculated water quality parameters in studied lakes showed fair water quality rating in autumn season which then change to medium in rainy season and higher during summer season. The situation is alarming and degradation is in continuous process, therefore immediate action is required for its better management.


Abstract Dialkyl phosphoryl chlorides generated "in situ" fiom dialkyl phosphites and CCL on the surface of solid KXO, in the presence of a PT catalyst can be used for activation of carboxylic acids via mixed anhydride formation and also for activation of ureas by the formation of 0-phosphoryl isourea derivatives. In M a reaction of the intermediates result in formation of amides and esters by the reaction of amine or alcohols, or in case of urea the derivative carbodide forming spontaneously by heat


Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world. All isotopes of technetium (Tc) are radioactive, and the environmentally most important one is 99 Tc because of its very long half-life (2.1x10 5 years) and relatively high 235 U-fission yield [1,2]. Accordingly, it is one of the critical radionuclides in an environmental impact assessment for radioactive waste disposal. A significant amount of 99 Tc can be released into the atmosphere in a severe reactor accident as was shown in the Chernobyl accident [3]. It is a pure better emitter and thus internal exposure via food consumption may be a primary contributor to the 99 Tc radiation dose to humans [1]. Paddy rice fields can be contaminated with 99 Tc in various ways. In the present study, greenhouse experiments were conducted to investigate the transfer of 99 Tc from four paddy soils contaminated in two different ways. One was to simulate plowing the topsoil after a pre-transplanting deposition of 99 Tc, whereas the other was to simulate a 99 Tc deposition onto the surface water shortly after transplanting.


Colon capsule endoscopy (CCE) is a non-invasive procedure that is useful for visualizing the entire colon and rectum. However, it sometimes fails to complete CCEwithin battery life because of the complicated loop formation of the sigmoid colon or spastic colon movement (Fig. 1). Such a result will lead to increased risk of a missed lesion. Capsule endoscopists continually discuss the preferred regimen for CCE. Gastrografin intake is a good option for complete CCE. Walking, use of prokinetics, and drinking the correct amount of preparation drug is also useful. In addition, we would like to introduce another option of accelerating movement of the capsule if such options are not effective. Using this method, CCE staff can notice that the capsule remains in front of the sigmoid-descending junction or in the sigmoid colon by real-time view, showing the same images of the colonic mucosa for a long time (Fig. 2). Using this timing, we propose to compress the abdomen of the patient lying on their back. This method consists of three sets of abdomen compressions with moderate pressure for 5 s (Video S1) and depends on the change of intra-abdominal pressure following stimulated bowel movement. If unsuccessful, it may be effective to turn the patient onto their right side. Abdominal ultrasound may be helpful for finding the capsule in the right or left side colon. After the introduction of this option in our hospital, the complete CCE rate has improved from 65% (13/20) to


Learning, using new ideas of physical training from foreign countries plays an important role in improving the training level of athlete's physical ability, ice hockey coach only update the training concept so that they can have a deep understanding the special characteristics of ice hockey, in order to continuously improve Chinese ice hockey competitive level. Different thoughts of coaches for physical fitness will influence the training arrangement, mainly for the difference of combined mode with different key points of training arrangement, physical training and sport specification. The primary task of physical training is to prevent sports injuries, withe improving coaches' ability, personalized design of training plans, the core strength training to improve the quality of physical fitness training.