This article addresses the problem of hard switching caused by the change of equivalent load in a wireless power transfer (WPT) system based on a class E inverter. Based on the load-sensitive characteristics of the class E inverter, the coil structure is improved, and the self/mutual inductance compensation method of the transmitting coil is proposed to realize a wide range of soft switching. On the basis of fully considering the coupling relationship between the source and load coils, a coil structure with multiple coils in series on the primary side is proposed, and the cross-coupling relationship between the coils is analyzed in detail and simplified. The inverter parameters and coupling mechanism were adjusted by means of coil series reverse connection. Combined with the parameter influence law and the load equivalent principle of the class E inverter, the margin of soft switching at the inverter side was increased and the load offset correction was carried out. The soft-switching effect of the equivalent load from 0 to 3.3 times of ideal load was obtained, and the purpose of improving system reliability and efficiency was achieved. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method were verified by simulation and experiment.


An excess of flux in the early light curves of type Ia supernovae has been observed in a few cases. Multiple scenarios have been proposed to explain this. Recently, it has been shown that for at least one object (SN$~$2018oh) the excess emission observed could be the result of a large-scale clump of $^{56}$Ni in the outer ejecta of $\sim$0.03$~M_{\rm{\odot}}$. We present model light curves and spectra for ejecta profiles containing $^{56}$Ni clumps of varying masses (0.01, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.04$~M_{\rm{\odot}}$) and shapes. We find that even for our lowest mass $^{56}$Ni clump, an increase of $\gtrsim$2 magnitudes is produced in the bolometric light curve at one day after explosion, relative to models without a $^{56}$Ni clump. We show that the colour evolution of models with a $^{56}$Ni clump differs significantly from those without, and shows a colour inversion similar to some double-detonation explosion models. Furthermore, spectra of our $^{56}$Ni clump models show that strong suppression of flux between $\sim$3$~$700 $-$ 4$~$000$~$Ang. close to maximum light appears to be a generic feature for this class of model. Comparing our models to observations of SNe$~$2017cbv and 2018oh, we show that a $^{56}$Ni clump of 0.02 $-$ 0.04$~M_{\rm{\odot}}$ can match shapes of the early light curve bumps, however the colour and spectral evolution are in disagreement. This would indicate that an alternative origin for the flux excess is necessary. In addition, based on existing explosion scenarios, producing a large-scale, macroscopic $^{56}$Ni clump in the outer ejecta as required to match the light curve shape, without the presence of additional short-lived radioactive material, may prove challenging. Given that only a small amount of $^{56}$Ni in the outer ejecta is required to produce a bump in the light curve, such a large clump in the outer ejecta must be rare, if it were to occur at all.


however, did not support this work. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose. Jiawen Li and Xiang Li have equal contributions to this work and are treated as cofirst authors. 1. Fleg JL, Stone GW, Fayad ZA, et al. Detection of high-risk atheroscle-rotic plaque: report of the NHLBI Working Group on current status and future directions. et al. Feasibility of combined use of intravascular ultrasound radiofrequency data analysis and optical coherence tomography for detecting thin-cap fibroatheroma. Novel combined miniature optical coherence tomography ultrasound probe for in vivo intravascular imaging. Although atherosclerosis is a systemic disease, plaque progression and complications occur in a focal, patchy pattern. It remains challenging to predict which segments of a given coronary artery will show accelerated progression of atherosclerosis. Coronary endothelial dysfunction, characterized by a segmental vasoconstrictive response to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine, is considered the earliest stage of atherosclerosis in patients with angiographically nonobstructive coronary arteries. Therefore , sites with endothelial dysfunction may signal future progression of segmental coronary atherosclerosis (1). Using serial intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging, we tested the hypothesis that coronary segments with endothelial dysfunction are associated with plaque progression in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease. In this prospective study, 22 patients underwent coronary angiog-raphy with coronary endothelial function assessment and IVUS for clinical purposes at baseline and at 6 months (all 22 patients were part of the placebo groups of the prospective National Institutes of Health–sponsored studies: the Correlation of Endothelial Function and Early Coronary Artery Disease in Humans trial [NCT00271492] and the Long-Term l-Arginine Supplementation Improves Small-Vessel Coronary Endothelial Function in Humans trial [HL-03180-01]). Coronary artery segments with normal (n ¼ 22) and abnormal (n ¼ 22) endothelial function were analyzed within the same subject and compared with each other after 6 months of follow-up. Endothelium-dependent and-independent vasoreactivity was assessed as previously described (1,2). After completing the endothelial function studies, standard IVUS analysis with automated pullback (0.5 mm/s) of the left anterior descending coronary artery was performed using a 20-MHz, 2.9-F Eagle Eye catheter (Volcano Corporation, Rancho Cordova, California). Comparisons between measurements on segments with versus without endothelial dysfunction were conducted using Wilcoxon signed rank tests, because each patient contributed 1 segment of each kind. Similarly, comparisons between baseline and 6-month follow-up measures were conducted using Wilcoxon signed rank tests. All statistical tests were 2-sided, and a p …


The river Barak flows along with plentiful tributaries through its different districts of Barak valley along with numerous lotic and lentic water bodies and comprises of various fishery resources which offers wonderful habitat for many ornamental fishes. During the preliminary investigation for the duration of December 2012-November 2013, 66 species of ornamental fishes were recorded from the local fish markets. Fishes belonging to 48 genera, 21 families and 10 orders were recorded. Of these, family Cyprinidae was highest represented with 19 species followed by the family Cobitidae (5 species each) and Schilbeidae (4 species each), Clupidae, Bagridae, Mastacembelidae and Ambassidae, Osphronemidae, Channidae (3 species each) followed by Anabantidae, Siluridae, Sisoridae, (2 species each) others represented by single species. The study revealed that 8% were nearly threatened 73% were least concerned 4% were data deficient 14% were Not Evaluated and 1% is vulnerable according to IUCN category and according to CAMP status 3% were Endangered, 29% were Lower RiskNear Threatened, 27% were Vulnerable, 8% were Lower risk-Least concerned, 3% were Data Deficient, 30% Not evaluated.


We analyze the stability of the electroweak vacuum in neutrino mass models containing right-handed neutrinos or fermionic isotriplets. In addition to considering absolute stability, we place limits on the Yukawa couplings of new fermions based on metastability and thermal stability in the early Universe. Our results reveal that the upper limits on the neutrino Yukawa couplings can change significantly when the top quark mass is allowed to vary within the experimental range of uncertainty in its determination.


The theories of mathematical statistics and probability theory are used to define the ratio between the length of confidence interval and the average estimation of daily traffic volumes as the "relative error", some conclusions are drawn on relations between the number of observational days and the accuracy on the estimation of traffic volume. These conclusions may be applied to the harbour planning, establishment vessel traffic separation scheme, and the determination of the numbers of exchanger on shore based radio station.


Analogous to the concept of momentum moment in dynamics,the concept of generalized momentum moment is presented in symplectic system of elasticity.The uniform definitions of generalized momentum and generalized momentum moment are given in symplectic system,which includes rectangular coordinate symplectic system and polar coordinate symplectic system.Some theorems corresponding to generalized momentum moment are studied.The theorem of generalized momentum moment is deduced from Hamilton's dual equations.The conservation law of generalized momentum moment is obtained,and the conservation condition is given.The physic meaning of the theorem is analyzed.The theorem is verified with some classic problems of elasticity.The theory in symplectic system of elasticity is enriched farther.Consequently,a theory system is formed which is similar to three basic theorems in dynamics.The system consists of three theorems corresponding to three physical quantities,i.e.generalized momentum,generalized momentum moment and Hamiltonian function.


Gross domestic product has conventionally been measured using inforUmation on expenditure, income, and output. Since the aim of historians has been to use independent information from different sources, measurement errors will inevitably creep in at the various stages of calculation, resulting in significant discrepancies between the three estimates of GDP. Although the relative magnitude of these discrepancies was significantly lower in the interwar period relative to the period i870-I913, large errors remain. A reconciliation of these measurement errors has substantive implications for a number of aspects of the interwar economy. The conventional approach for dealing with measurement discrepancies between the different estimates of GDP has been to average the information contained in the three series to form the compromise measure. If the measurement errors were assumed to be randomly distributed and the three estimates of GDP were of equal reliability, the averaging procedure used to construct the compromise estimate of GDP would provide a practical and simple solution to measurement error problems. The average of the three estimates would be more reliable than any individual series. However, as can be seen from table i, and figure I, measurement errors are not randomly distributed. In addition the reliability values of the component series of GDP are known to differ;2 in these circumstances the compromise estimate of GDP will contain consistent biases. A more important problem of using the compromise estimate to describe the behaviour of the economy is that the simple averaging procedure does not indicate what adjustments should Table i. Autocorrelation estimates of the aggregate residuals: current and


The spectrum of home electronic appliances has dramatically expanded at last years. The rapid expansion of knowledge in consumer electronics challenges university educational programs to provide expertise in all areas. Engineers should be ready to design electronic devices in a shortest time after graduating from universities. Multimedia devices occupy a significant niche in home electronics. A flexible and sustainable networked environment for electronic engineering education and multimedia CE design including real acceptance tests on unified hardware prototyping modular platforms is proposed in the paper. The solution proposed is an example of a collaborative educational service community in a heterogeneous networked environment. The decision used enable co-operation between university and industry in creating and reusing learning material and improving the quality of delivery. Results of implementation and further activities are discussed


Conductivities of Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) films of tetrabenzylthio- tetra-thiafulvalence-Ni(dmit)_2/stearic acid (SA)were described. This charge transfer complex was transferred with SA onto a glass plate coated with A1 electrodes. The relation of conductivities of LB films with molar ratio of SA was studied. The conductivities of LB films of TBT-TTF-Ni(dmit)_2/SA were measured under undoped and I_2 doped states. The maximum conductivity () of LB film was 40s/cm.


suggested approaches to their solution. The statements of the critics are fully up to the formal presentations of the principals. Third, as stated in the penetrating and provocative Introduction by Arthur Kornhauser, the papers reflect &dquo;a clear recognition that the study of labor relations extends beyond economics into the territory of all the other social sciences as well ... moreover, it is now clear that the several sciences of man, rather than working independently, must combine their forces in helping to solve the knotty problems of society.&dquo; This is a view which needs universal understanding. Research workers in psychology can, of course, make important contributions in our quest for solutions to many of the difficultties of labor-management relations. They have not, however, appeared to recognize one of their own basic problems. They have not gained sufficient acceptance of themselves, or of their fruits, by either management or labor. It is a problem of public relations; and researchers, typically, are not public-relations 'minded. This is pointed up clearly by Bellows, who concludes that half, or perhaps up to 90 per cent, of the effort of personnel research workers should, for a time, be directed toward the kind of public relations that develops mutual understanding. This implies the need for building a common term-


This paper by the Right Honourable Sir Geoffrey Palmer QC, "Māori, the Treaty and the Constitution", was delivered to the Māori Law Review symposium on the Treaty of Waitangi and the constitution, held on 12 June 2013.This paper is an edited extract from Sir Geoffrey's book "Reform: A Memoir" (Victoria University Press, Wellington, 2013).


In this note it will be shown that when A is a retract (cf. [3])i of X, then the same relationship holds between the universal covering spaces of A and X (Theorem 1.1) and also between the fundamental groups of A and X (Theorem 2.2). We denote the universal covering space of X by Xp*, where p CX, and the fundamental group by 7r(X) [1]. All spaces are assumed to be arcwise connected, Hausdorff spaces. If a and #3 are continuous maps of the closed unit interval (0, 1) into X, then we use the notation a,--, (equivalent) to mean: a(0) = 3(0), a(1) =13(1), and there exists a continuous map k(t, s) such that (i) k: (0, 1)X(0, 1)-+X (into), (ii) k(t, 0) =a(t), k(t, 1) =3(t) for all te(O, 1), (iii) k(0, s) =a(0) =i3(0), k(1, s) =a(1) =13(1) for all sC(0, 1). A continuous map k satisfying the above conditions i, ii, and iii will be said to satisfy the E-conditions for (a, 13, X).


This study was designed to assess the hypothesis that leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) would provide additional symptom relief in asthmatic children with persistent AR already taking regular antihistamine. The effects of 16‐week treatment of LTRA in addition to fexofenadine (FEX) on persistent AR in asthmatic children were examined.


Time constraint and productivity are two major things kept in mind when working on any Android project, which could not be easily achieved by the boilerplate code and innumerable exception handlers in Java. Thus, it was time to introduce a new and more mature language, which has been effectively done by JetBrains by introducing Kotlin. The paper means to address the significant portions where Java lacked as an Android programming language, and why Kotlin is going to take over Java real soon.


The present research is designed to identify the appropriate and relevant objectives that need to be pursued through entrepreneurial activities targeting elementary school children. It assesses the effectiveness of early entrepreneurship education. To do so, children aged 11 and 12 attended an entrepreneurial program and completed two versions of the same questionnaire before and after the program. We measured the development of three outcome sets of skills: non-cognitive entrepreneurial skills, cognitive entrepreneurial skills, and intentions to become an entrepreneur. The change in the dependent variable (the three sets of skills) is measured by the difference in this scale between using paired-sample t-test. Gender and parents' occupation were controlled for. The findings of this study confirm that late childhood (11–12 years old) seems to be the adequate period in order to develop self-efficacy, a non-cognitive skill required to become an entrepreneur. Nonetheless, cognitive entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial intentions did not change after the program.


While charge-ordering transition is well established in the oxygen-deficient layered cobaltite YBaCo2O5, there has been no evidence for the transition in the analogous compound GdBaCo2O5 either from neutron diffraction or from magnetic susceptibility experiments. In this paper, we present comparative studies on the electron spin resonance (ESR) of Gd3+ ions in Y1−xGdxBaCo2O5 (x = 0.01, 0.25, and 1) polycrystalline samples. Magnetic susceptibility was also performed for comparison with the ESR results. It was found that charge-ordering transition for Y0.75Gd0.25BaCo2O5 revealed by the susceptibility is also manifested in the characters of the ESR data. The similar temperature-evolution of the ESR parameters for GdBaCo2O5 provides a support for the existence of charge-ordering transition, although no characteristic of the transition is evidenced from susceptibility experiments, which can be understood as being hidden by dominant paramagnetism of Gd3+ ions in this compound. We have interpreted the temperatur...


Based on sensitivity method and taking the load geometric distance between current operating point of power system and the nearest voltage collapse point as voltage stability index, an active power output rescheduling scheme to effectively enhance voltage stability margin of power system is proposed. In the environment of open access power transmission, after the N-1 contingency occurred, at first the voltage stability margin is analyzed; then for the status that cannot meet the demand of power system secure operation the sensitivity of generator active power output to stability margin is calculated and on this basis the active power output of generators is rescheduled to enhance power system stability margin. Simulation results of IEEE 57-bus test system validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.


The COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruptions to ordinary lives. These disruptions included restricting human movement through local "lockdowns." This article applies a multitemporal analysis of differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar to evaluate the relationship between restrictions on movement and solid waste production in landfill sites. We selected three landfill sites from Africa, Euro-Asia, and America to assess the impact of restricted mobility on waste production. Our research shows that solid waste production and restrictions on human mobility are significantly correlated. This article indicates that a reduction in human mobility increases human waste production even after accounting for changes in economic activities. The research highlights the benefit of using remote sensing SAR data for monitoring the impact of human activities on the environment. The use of remote sensing data is crucial for these applications, given that the outcomes might be counter-intuitive. The source code for the workflows, Jupyter notebooks and scripts are available at https://github.com/tvanzyl/sar_jhb_dumps to support reproducible research in remote sensing.


As expected, chemists have dedicated efforts in the development of asymmetric catalytic reactions based on lessons from nature. The decisive presence of the chiral anions in many natural chiral catalysts inspires the design of new asymmetric catalytic systems based on them. Thus, in this Minireview the recent contributions of asymmetric counteranion‐directed catalysis (ACDC) are reported. Discussions about development of new concepts, designed of catalysis and application of them in different reactions also are exposed.


There has been much talk in the veterinary press about the likely increase in demand for Official Veterinarians (OVs) in the event of a no-deal Brexit …


. A lithium-drifted silicon,_Si(Li), detector system was used to predict the nuclide content and apparent depth of plutonium and americium ~;:mbedded in an actual wound. Data comparing the L x-ray energy resolution capa bility of a gas proportional and Si(Li) detector for a plutonium source were obtaineJ. A Si(Li) Jetector system was used with an americium source to obtain L x-ray and low-energy gamma ray absorption data with untempered Masonite absorbers. The ratios of photon absorption obtained from the Si(Li) detector system allowed apparent depth determinations to be made.


Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether Chebulagic acid (CA) can improve inflammation-induced glial dysregulation. Methods: CA was administered intraperitoneally in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)induced colitis. Disease activity index and histological scores were evaluated. Expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and myeloperoxidase activity were tested by ELISA assay. Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and p38 MAPK was analyzed by Western blot assay and immunohistochemical staining. Results: Defective glial function following inflammation was observed. CA remarkedly ameliorated experimental colitis and significantly increased expression of GFAP and GDNF, in part, through downregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β and phosphorylated p38 MAPK expression and reduction of infiltration of leukocytes. Conclusion: CA activates enteric glia and reduces inflammation in DSS-induced colitis. CA may be a promising therapeutic agent to selectively target enteric glial cells in patients with ulcerative colitis.


Four mixed layer (ML) models after Denman [1973] (KLD), Garwood [1977] (RWG), McCormick and Scavia [1981] (K), and Thompson [1976] (RT) were compared against an extensive water temperature data set collected in the central basin of Lake Erie during the summer of 1979. Results suggest that all four models are nearly equal in their ability to satisfactorily simulate surface water temperatures. However, if diurnal physical processes are of interest, then the model ability to simulate both the ML depth and the energy level associated with entrainment dh/dt becomes crucial. While three of the models, KLD, RT, and RWG, were satisfactory in simulating the ML depth, only two of the models RT and RWG, were satisfactory in matching the energy levels seen in the entrainment spectra of dh/dt. This agreement suggests that the shear velocity ΔV entrainment scaling plays a critical role in the cycling of shallow depth mixed layers.


Four fistulated sheep were offered hay cubes ad lib. for 24, 12, 6 and 3 hours once daily according to 4×4 Latin square design. The relationships between the diurnal eating patterns and the rumen load which were estimated by the torque values of rumen contents were analysed. As the daily time of access to feed was shortened, sheep tried to ingest feed more rapidly with long time for each meal and little rest. However, they could not completely fit their eating activities for given feeding conditions and reduced total daily feed intake. The mean values of daily intake of feed were 2413, 2086, 1869 and 1502g for 24, 12, 6 and 3-hr feedings respectively. The torque values of rumen contents reached the maximum level at the final satiety state (FSS) under all of the four feeding conditions. Regardless of differences in time of access to feed, these torque values at the FSS corresponded equally to 63% of the value of the rumen contents of each sheep estimated by fistula feeding techniques. The characteristics of eating behaviour before and after the PSS (primary satiety state) or FSS were explicable on the basis of the changes in the rumen load. These results seemed to suggest that the daily feed intake and diurnal eating behaviour of the sheep fed roughages are predominantly regulated by the maximum levels of their rumen load. Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci., 52 (3) : 219-226, 1981 Much evidence to show the limiting effects of the rumen contents on the voluntary intake of roughages in ruminants has been provided by a great number of experiments. These results were summarized in various reviews1-3). Transfer of ruminal digesta from a donor 4.5), intraruminal addition of feed6-9), or removal of digesta from the rumen4,5) have all resulted in some compensation in feed intake. EVANS et al.10) reported that particle size, density and dry matter contents changed as the time after feeding elapsed. From the analysis of diurnal feeding behaviour of the sheep in free access, the author has proposed the hypothesis that the distribution of eating activity for the period of twenty-four hours was governed by the diurnal changes in the rumen contents11) In the previous study12), It was shown that the torque values of rumen content were the representative of changes in the consistency of rumen digesta which accompanied ingestive behaviour. The present study aimed at determining the relationships between rumen load and the diurnal eating pattern of the sheep fed roughage in various feeding regimes. Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci., 52 (3) : 219-226 219 1981


Property Location With a stay at MaxOneHotels at Seminyak in Seminyak, you'll be convenient to TAKSU Bali Gallery and Seminyak Square. This hotel is within close proximity of Batu Belig Beach and Petitenget Temple.Rooms Make yourself at home in one of..


Anatomy of the palate In maxilla, there are various selectable places for miniscrew implant placement. The two most popular regions are the buccal alveolar region and the palatal region. Miniscrew implants have generally been placed in the buccal area Buccal miniscrew placement is usually in the interdental region. Common complications are root damage and perforation into the maxillary sinus. 14 The palatal bone a popular placement region with no risk of dental root damage. Moreover, the palate contains attached mucosa and thick cortical bone that may affect the success rate of miniscrew implant placement. 35,36


A group of twelve optically polished flat samples were used to study the scattering of X-rays. The X-ray beam reflected from the twelve optical flat samples was analyzed by means of a long vacuum system of special design for these tests. The scattering measurements were made at 8.34A and 0.92 deg angle of incidence. The results for ten of the samples are comparable, the two exceptions being the fire polished samples.


Social and economic behaviour of the ever increasing human population has become a major hurdle in accomplishing the goals of UNEP. Government of India has framed key policies for adoption in the management of environment and natural resources. Supreme court of India, on its part, has made environmental education mandatory from KG to PG fostering sensitisation on environmental issues and motivation towards cleaner environmental goals in Gen.nxt. Green chemistry forms an integral part of UGC model curriculum for undergraduate colleges offering chemistry. Chemistry education involves theoretical as well as experiential learning. Students pursuing chemistry at UG level are expected to understand theoretical concepts in the class room and apply the same in the laboratory experimentation. Experimentation sometimes involves use and generation of hazardous chemicals. The 12 green chemistry principles propounded by Anastas & Warmer in 1998 are taught with suitable illustrations in the theory classes but seldom practised in college laboratories. Whereas Green Chemistry principles are of recent origin, laboratory procedures adopted for experimentation are age old. The Greener experimental procedures developed by the DST task force committee are still in oblivion. We preach but we do not practice. This paper aims to indentify and highlight adoptable economic, ergonomic and ecofriendly laboratory practices which are in compliance with the 12 green chemistry principles, fostering heightened efficacy in teaching and practicing green chemistry for accomplishing greener environmental goals.


One, Two, Three Synthetic biologists take much of their inspiration from computing and electrical engineering, attempting to gain programmability in cells using analogous genetic circuits. Friedland et al. (p. 1199; see the Perspective by Smolke) have constructed complementary Escherichia coli synthetic gene networks that keep track of prior molecular events to function as counters. These modular devices count up to three induction events over a range of frequencies and could be extended to higher numbers. Similar devices may find application in multi-event processes of cell biology, bioengineering, and, potentially, therapeutics. Genetic counters with the ability to count up to three induction events are constructed in Escherichia coli. Synthetic gene networks can be constructed to emulate digital circuits and devices, giving one the ability to program and design cells with some of the principles of modern computing, such as counting. A cellular counter would enable complex synthetic programming and a variety of biotechnology applications. Here, we report two complementary synthetic genetic counters in Escherichia coli that can count up to three induction events: the first, a riboregulated transcriptional cascade, and the second, a recombinase-based cascade of memory units. These modular devices permit counting of varied user-defined inputs over a range of frequencies and can be expanded to count higher numbers.


The specificity of tropomyosin (Tm) exon 6b for interaction with and functioning of troponin (Tn) has been studied using recombinant fibroblast Tm isoforms 5a and 5b. These isoforms differ internally by exons 6a/6b and possess non-muscle exons 1b/9d at the termini, hence they lack the primary TnT1-tropomyosin interaction, allowing study of exon 6 exchange in isolation from this. Using kinetic techniques to measure regulation of myosin S1 binding to actin and fluorescently labeled Tm to directly measure Tn binding, we show that binding of Tn to both isoforms is similar (0.1–0.5 μm) and both produce well regulated systems. Calcium has little effect on Tn binding to the actin·Tm complex and both exons produce a 3-fold reduction in the S1 binding rate to actin·Tm·Tn in its absence. This confirms previous results that show exon 6 has little influence on Tn affinity to actin·Tm or its ability to fully inhibit the acto-myosin interaction. Thin filaments reconstituted with Tn and Tm5a or skeletal Tm (containing exon 6b) show nearly identical calcium dependence of acto-myosin regulation. However, Tm5b produces a dramatic increase in calcium sensitivity, shifting the activation mid-point by almost an order of magnitude. This shows that exon 6 sequence and, hence, Tm structure in this region have a significant effect upon the calcium regulation of Tn. This finding supports evidence that familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations occurring adjacent to this region can effect calcium regulation.


SYNOPSIS

The carcinostatic action of phenazine-di-N-oxide against the Ehrlich tumour was subjected to closer study on individual cells. A method was devised whereby the increase in cell diameter could be followed by direct measurement on the projected microscope image. After standardization of the optics so that 1 μ on the slide equalled 1 mm on the ruler, 50 cells per 20 minutes could be measured randomly.

Observations 24 hours after drug administration into a mouse bearing a 7-day tumour showed that treated cell diameters increased from a median diameter of 14 μ to a median of 21 μ (many had doubled in size) as compared to an increase of 1.9 μ in the controls. After 72 hours the treated cells reached a maximum diameter and disintegrated. By this time there was an absence of ascitic fluid. The drug acted by accelerating the growth and exaggerating the disordered mitoses of the tumour cells which were unable to cleave daughter cells, leaving a cluster of partially divided protuberances.


Fair and reasonable emission permits allocation among polluters is key issue in total emission control, which is an effective pollution control strategy with regional pollution control costs minimized. An approach that is divided into four steps to allocate total emission permits in urban air pollution control is advanced. Firstly, to determine each polluter's basic allowable emissions based on pollution source's properties and its location's environmental quality requirements. Then, to calculate each polluter's equal right allowable emissions by applying the method named as Bvalue method. Next, iteration method is used to allocate the surplus permits resulted from the last step's allocation. Finally, to determine the deserved emission permits of each polluter in accordance with the results obtained in the abovementioned three steps.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the organizational structure that supports the implementation of customer‐oriented total quality management (TQM).Design/methodology/approach – Quality management has been developing through the interactive efforts of managers, academicians, and consultants. This paper surveys these groups of experts about the structure that supports the implementation of customer‐oriented TQM. A questionnaire including items related to TQM structure is developed. Respondents are asked to indicate to what extent the items support or impede the implementation of customer‐oriented TQM. Responses are analyzed to determine the dimensions of the instrument. Then, one‐sample t‐tests are used to determine which of the resulting dimensions support this implementation. Finally, ANOVA is used to determine the impact of the jobs of the experts and their nationalities on their perceptions of the role of the structural dimensions.Findings – Factor analysis resulted in seven dimensions...


This book is hard to characterize. The author is a biologist by training who lives in Alaska. He chairs the North Slope Initiative's Science Technical Advisory Panel among other activities. The book is, in many ways, a ''natural history'' of what we understand as ''cold,'' that is, a combination of temperature and wind that results in freezing conditions. Each chapter or section starts with a date, a location, and a temperature, usually in uF. The chapters run from July of one year to June but the text does not necessarily follow the progression of the seasons. Near the beginning of the book there is an interesting historical account of the development of the various temperature scales (Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kelvin). The book covers a broad range of topics that can be classified as having a ''cold'' focus. Thus at various stages in the book the author discusses the Sir John Franklin Expedition, whose aim was to discover the Northwest Passage; the theories and evidence for


Allorhizobium vitis is the primary causal pathogen of grapevine crown gall disease. As this endophytic bacterium can survive as systemic latent (symptomless) infections in grapevine, there is a great importance to detect and monitor its development in planta. In plant-bacteria studies, plate counting is routinely used as a simple and reliable method to evaluate the level of bacterial populations in planta. However, isolation techniques present some disadvantages such as necessity of working on fresh samples, time-consuming and risk of contamination. In this study, we developed a DNA-based real-time PCR assay that can replace the classical method to monitor the development of A. vitis in grapevine plantlets. Primers targeting A. vitis chromosomic genes and the virulent Ti plasmid were validated. The proposed qPCR technique is highly reliable and reproducible to assess A. vitis numeration at the earliest stage of infection until tumor development in grapevine plantlets. Moreover, this is a low-cost technique which provides rapid and robust in planta quantification of the pathogen, suitable for fundamental research to monitor bacterial development over time.


A simple technique to control the specimen electric current during flash sintering was developed using AC electric fields in 3mol% Y2O3-doped ZrO2. Flash sintering is characterized by the occurrence of a flash event, i.e., a spike in the specimen electric current, which makes it difficult to control the specimen electric current at/ after the flash event for AC electric fields. However, AC electric fields are very attractive from the viewpoint of a suppression of the severe reduction arising from the unidirectional ionic flow during the flash event, which is a fatal phenomenon with DC electric fields. In this study, we develop a simple technique to control the AC electric fields at/after the flash event by limiting the AC electric fields under certain values. As a result, the flash state after the flash event is successfully maintained. Further, it is found that 3mol% Y2O3-doped ZrO2 compacts prepared by DCand AC-flash sintering emit blue fluorescence (FL) under 254 nm ultraviolet light. The blue FL is not obtained in the compacts prepared by conventionally-sintering. The application of electric fields is confirmed to result in the blue florescent properties of 3mol% Y2O3-doped ZrO2 compacts. ©2019 The Ceramic Society of Japan. All rights reserved.


In this brief volume the author presents a review of the major problems in neurosurgery. These include brain tumor, epilepsy, head injury, vascular malformations, peripheral nerve injuries, spinal cord tumor, and trauma. Each section is accompanied by a series of excellent diagrams and photographs. There are two chapters of special interest to anyone in medical practice: one on the surgical management of intractable pain and another on the management of spinal cord injury. Both of these conditions are all too frequently encountered, and the author's discussion offers an excellent outline of the problems. The text is clear and well written and frequently aided by examples of patients with a particular disorder. The author directs his book to the medical student and practitioner, and for them especially as well as for others it is warmly recommended as a brief, clear, well-illustrated account of present-day common neurosurgical problems.


In this article, we will talk about the various principles of conflict resolution, which serve the development of social, economic, interpersonal relations in modern societies and are widely used in all forms of social system (family, economy, production, labor market, state administrative practice), democratic principles that ensure the protection of human rights and freedoms, the introduction of conflict resolution methods into the practice of the neighborhood, the problems of personal development through effective eradication of crises have been investigated.


Money laundering is among the most common financial crimes that negatively affect countries' economies and hurt their social and political relations. With the increasing growth of e-banking and the increase in electronic financial transactions, the identification of money laundering methods and behaviors has become more complex; because money launderers, by accessing the Internet and using new technologies, find new ways to legalize their illegal income. Although many efforts have been made to identify suspected cases of money laundering and fight against this financial crime, little success has been achieved in this regard, especially in developing countries. Hence, this study tries to identify the risk factors involved in money laundering in banking transactions. To this end, multiple attribute decision-making methods, such as the Shannon entropy method, hierarchical analysis, and two-level fuzzy hierarchical analysis, have been used to assess and score the risk of various transactions in money laundering. The results indicated that the highest risk of money laundering was in the POS transactions.


Urban development and coal extraction have caused conflicts regarding production, living, and ecological lands in the Yellow River basin. Here, a coupled genetic algorithm–patch generating land use simulation InVEST model was constructed to optimize land use/land cover (LULC) and simulate carbon storage changes. This study shows that the LULC changed dramatically from 2010 to 2020 in an area that accounts for 31.96% of the area of the Yellow River basin. Inappropriate land use conversion and encroachment have reduced carbon storage by 2.92 × 106 t, destroying the stability of the ecosystem. The development of cities has encroached on cultivated land, which may have affected the region's food security. Following LULC optimization, ecological and cultivated lands are gradually being restored, and the transition between the different lands tends to be orderly, resulting in an increase of 24.84 × 106 t in carbon storage. The relationship between LULC and carbon storage shows that the high carbon intensity of woodland, grassland, and cultivated land is crucial to ensuring regional carbon balance. For the Yellow River basin, necessary environmental protection measures are the key to achieving high-quality economic development. This study can provide guidance for decision-makers in formulating ecosystem restoration plans.


Recently, generic object recognition (automatic image annotation) that achieves human-like vision using a computer has being looked to for use in robot vision, automatic categorization of images, and retrieval of images. For the annotation, semi-supervised learning, which incorporates a large amount of unsupervised training data (unlabeled data) along with a small amount of supervised data (labeled data), is expected to be an effective tool as it reduces the burden of manual annotation. However, some unlabeled data in semi-supervised models contains outliers that negatively affect the parameter estimation on the training stage. Such outliers often cause the over-fitting problem especially when a small amount of training data is used. In this paper, we propose a practical method to prevent the over-fitting in semi-supervised learning, suppressing existing outliers by sparse representation. In our experiments we got 4 points improvement comparing conventional semi-supervised methods, SemiNB and TSVM.


The innovative capacity of corporate America has diminished considerably in the last few decades. The larger industrial companies played virtually no part in producing the information revolution of the 1980s and `90s, and old-line industries have been innovation-disadvantaged, notwithstanding their not-inconsiderable commitment to R&D. Consider the following statistics: * Of the 18 or so companies in the computer business prior to 1970, only one (IBM) is a significant factor in the PC world that dominates the industry today. * Of the many companies that were in the electronics business circa 1960 (e.g., GE, RCA, Westinghouse, Philips, et al), none plays an important role in the modern semiconductor-based electronics industry. All of today's players (except Motorola) are new boys on the block, such as Intel and AMD. * Of the 18 industrial companies considered excellently managed in a celebrated best-selling book of the 1980s, 11 have either fallen by the wayside or been forced to replace top management for failing to keep up with technological trends in the marketplace. In the world of electronics and information, the initiative for technological innovation has been seized by the new generation of entrepreneurs. Even those companies that harbored creative R&D resources did not convert those resources into market successes. As an example, my company, Xerox, which boasted of having the most creative research institution, Xerox PARC, which produced a wealth of inventions that lay at the root of the modern information revolution, was unsuccessful in converting those inventions into market innovations. And other examples of missed opportunities abound. This article is concerned not with accounting for past failures but rather with turning the industrial experiences of the writer as a research director, board member and observer of the technical R&D scene into a set of formulas to help catalyze the innovative spark in corporate corridors. Herewith is a list of ten principles which, based on my experiences while managing research in large corporations, could help promote innovation in industry: 1. Genius "Grants" a la MacArthur Foundation The first imperative is the need for every company--large and small--to have a cadre of very, very smart people infused into the organization from the troop level all the way up to the executive office. The influence of such people extends far beyond their nearest and next-nearest neighbors in the organizational structure and geography. They become magnets to attract capable new blood into the organization, a means of calibrating the quality of the personnel and a source of advice and ideas while not being confined to pre-ordained project-managed functions. These are individuals who have already achieved stardom in their fields in academia or other research and engineering institutions and whose eminence is widely recognized. One may have to go to great lengths to attract them but it is well worth it. 2. Forget the Traditional Discipline Boundaries The disciplinary identification of recruits to industrial manpower needs has been with us for ages. Professionals were grouped in accordance with their degree designations and recruitment was placed in the hands of the euphemistically designated "human resources" managers. Lost in this process has been the tendency of the traditional disciplinary walls in university departments to become blurred in the modern environment. This is precisely why the classical companies could not keep up with the radical re-orientations of the new technologies. They had no way of recognizing and hiring the agents of change. Who ever heard of an industrial personnel department hiring an anthropologist or a social psychologist? Yet these are the people who produced the Internet and many of the innovations of the digital era. The whole process of recruitment for industry must undergo a sea change if companies are to thrive in the new environment. …


In this paper, we investigated the characteristics of Ge junction diodes and gate-last p- and n-metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors with the atomic-layer-deposited- Al2O3 gate dielectrics. The magnitudes of the rectifying ratios for the Ge p+-n and n+-p junctions exceeded three and four orders of magnitude (in the voltage range of plusmn1 V), respectively, with accompanying reverse leakages of ca. 10-2 and 10-4 A ldr cm-2, respectively. The site of the primary leakage path, at either the surface periphery or junction area, was determined by the following conditions: 1) the thermal budget during dopant activation, and 2) whether forming gas annealing (FGA) was employed or not. In addition, performing FGA at 300degC boosted the device on-current, decreased the Al2O3/Ge interface states to 8 times 1011 cm-2 ldr eV-1, and improved the reliability of bias temperature instability. The peak mobility and on/off ratio reached as high as 225 cm2 ldr V-1 ldr s-1 and > 103, respectively, for the p-FET (W/L = 100 mum/4 mum), while these values were less than 100 cm2 ldr V-1 ldr s-1 and ca. 103, respectively, for the n-FET (W/L = 100 mum/9 mum). The relatively inferior n-FET performance resulted from the larger source/drain contact resistance, higher surface states scattering, and lower substrate-doping concentration.


This study combines the processing and interpretation of magnetic data with geological fieldwork. The purpose is to establish the geological map and rutile mineralization targets map of Minta area (Haute-Sanaga, Cameroon). To this, a strategic geological field survey was first conducted. It highlighted some geological structures, especially magnetite quartzites, which is considered as the potential sources of primary rutile mineralization. Several methods were applied to the magnetic data, including upward continuation (UC), vertical derivative (DZ), analytical signal (AS) and horizontal gradient magnitude (HGM). The regional-residual separation method based on the UC was used to develop the residual map which was very helpful to understand the distribution of magnetic anomalies related to rutile mineralization in this area. The structural model of the study area was established by combining the analysis of the AS and HGM maxima with the analysis of the topographic model. Since magnetic relief variation characterizes the lithological information changes according to the filtered map considered, a set of categorization processes based on the anomaly signals was applied to each of filtered maps according to the geological information sought. It is based on the interpretation of structural models, combined with previous works and the spatial distribution of geological data collected. This process produced a set of partial lithological models, which were then combined with the interpreted structural model to produce the geological map of the study area. This map also shows the spatial distribution of the various targets of potential rutile mineralization interpreted on the DZ model as rectilinear anomalies, with a signal range of 0.78–0.88 nT/m.


Let $\kappa$ be an infinite regular cardinal. We define a topological space $X$ to be $T_{\kappa-Borel}$-space (resp. a $T_{\kappa-BP}$-space) if for every $x\in X$ the singleton $\{x\}$ belongs to the smallest $\kappa$-additive algebra of subsets of $X$ that contains all open sets (and all nowhere dense sets) in $X$. Each $T_1$-space is a $T_{\kappa-Borel}$-space and each $T_{\kappa-Borel}$-space is a $T_0$-space. On the other hand, $T_{\kappa-BP}$-spaces need not be $T_0$-spaces.
We prove that a topological space $X$ is a $T_{\kappa-Borel}$-space (resp. a $T_{\kappa-BP}$-space) if and only if for each point $x\in X$ the singleton $\{x\}$ is the intersection of a closed set and a $G_{<\kappa}$-set in $X$ (resp. $\{x\}$ is either nowhere dense or a $G_{<\kappa}$-set in $X$). Also we present simple examples distinguishing the separation axioms $T_{\kappa-Borel}$ and $T_{\kappa-BP}$ for various infinite cardinals $\kappa$, and we relate the axioms to several known notions, which results in a quite regular two-dimensional diagram of lower separation axioms.


Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being widely exploited for various applications, e.g., traverse to collect data from ground sensors, patrol to monitor key facilities, move to aid mobile edge computing. We summarize these UAV applications and formulate an abstract problem, namely the general waypoint-based PoI-visiting problem, aiming at minimizing flight energy consumption, which is critical due to its limited onboard storage capacity. In our problem, we pay special attention to the energy consumption for turning and switching operations on flight planning, which is usually ignored in the literature but plays an important role in practical UAV flights. We propose a novel method that uses specially designed graph parts to model the turning and switching cost and thus transfer the problem into a classic graph problem, i.e., traveling salesman problem, which can be efficiently solved. Finally, we evaluate our proposed algorithm by simulations. The results show it costs less than 107% of the optimal minimum energy consumption for small scale problem and costs only half as much energy as a naive algorithm for large scale problem.


The atomic distances and the mean-square amplitudes of silicon tetrachloride have been determined by the sector-microphotometer method. The possible sources of experimental errors have been thoroughly examined. The quadratic force constants of the potential function have been determined by the use of the mean-square amplitudes thus obtained, by combining them with the vibrational frequencies obtained from the Raman spectrum in the gaseous state. It has been shown that the errors of the force constants originate from those of the mean-square amplitudes by the same order of magnitude as from those of the frequencies.


Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a CEA family member that has been reported to have an important role in the regulation of Th1-mediated colitis. In this study, we examined the role of CEACAM1 in an animal model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Treatment of C57BL/6J mice with CEACAM1-Fc fusion protein, a homophilic ligand of CEACAM1, inhibited the severity of EAE and reduced myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-derived peptide (MOG35–55)reactive interferonand interleukin-17 production. In contrast, treatment of these animals with AgB10, an anti-mouse CEACAM1 blocking monoclonal antibody, generated increased severity of EAE in association with increased MOG35–55-specific induction of both interferonand interleukin-17. These results indicated that the signal elicited through CEACAM1 ameliorated EAE disease severity. Furthermore, we found that there was both a rapid and enhanced expression of CEACAM1 on invariant natural killer T cells after activation. The effect of CEACAM1-Fc fusion protein and anti-CEACAM1 mAb on both EAE and MOG35–55-reactive cytokine responses were abolished in invariant natural killer T cell– deficient J 18 / mice. Taken together , the ligation of CEACAM1 negatively regulates the severity of EAE by reducing MOG35–55-specific induction of both interferonand interleukin-17 via invariant natural killer T cell-dependent mechanisms. (Am J Pathol 2009, 175:1116–1123; DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.090265) Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), also known as CD66a, is one of the carcinoembryonic antigen family members and is expressed in epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and hematopoietic cells such as monocytes, dendritic cells, natural killer (NK) cells, B cells, and activated T cells. It is involved in intercellular adhesion through homophilic or heterophilic interactions and mediates regulatory functions in cellular growth and differentiation. Several splice variants of CEACAM1 have been detected, that differ with respect to the number of extracellular immunoglobulinlike domains, membrane anchorage, and the length of their cytoplasmic tail. Isoforms of CEACAM1 with a long cytoplasmic tail (CEACAM1-L) contain two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs and have been shown to negatively regulate epithelial cell activation and tumor cell growth. Recently, the specific function of CEACAM1 as a regulator of T cells has been reported in vitro and in vivo. Mice treated with CEACAM1-Fc fusion protein, a homophilic ligand for CEACAM1 that stimulates the signal from CEACAM1, exhibited an immunosuppressive effect on Th1-mediated colitis in vivo, with reduced interferon (IFN)production and T-bet activation. However, the significance of CEACAM1 on other inflammatory autoimmune disease models remains unclear. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease induced by sensitization against central nervous system (CNS) components such as myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein


A flow-through chip for sequential exchange and collection of up to five different liquids, surrounding either cells or microbeads has been developed. The presented device was successfully applied for wash and sequential elution of peptides bound to the surface of beads and cells. Collected fractions containg the eluted peptides were subsequently subjected to microfluidic solid phase extraction and analyzed with MALDI MS.


This paper presents to aiming development on a prototype of three-blade propeller for low-speed trailing Thai boat. The uses of the lifting surface designed method were adopted to obtain an optimum shape of the propeller by adjusting the circulation for the maximum lift-to-torque ratio. The blade area was divided into panels of constant radius from hub-to-tip. A three-blades with rake degree angle 18 developed areas 55, defined as New-model which compensation was propeller commonly used of Thai fishermen. The radial distribution of vortex could be determined by a set of constant-strength vortex elements and found that the cavitation had around ship propellers experimentally with new-model appeared to be less than the propeller commonly used of Thai fishermen. This was confirmed by simulation result using CFD. The propeller developed from this proposed design method yielded better performance than the propeller commonly used of local.


A digital micromirror system was proposed for future smart learning. This system is the compact micro-projector with a built-in CMOS sensor modules. It can provide the various interfaces. The basis of interface is to recognize the finger tip on projected image. But the recognition rate of finger tip is very low due to various image degradations. In this paper, we propose the finger tip recognition algorithm that minimize the image degradation factors by using the Retinex transform and IR structuring light. By verifying the availability of the algorithm through experiment, the performance of finger tip recognition was confirmed. Therefore, the user interface can be able to be enhanced significantly in DMS.


Lorentz force velocimetry is a contactless velocity measurement technique. The main idea behind this method can be expressed as follows: a magnet which is placed near a moving conducting fluid experiences the Lorentz force which is proportional to the conductor velocity. Since such measurements are non-intrusive they are especially appealing for industrial applications where people deal with hot and aggressive liquid metal flows. However, there is a fundamental restriction which limits an application area of the Lorentz force velocimetry. The restriction stems from the fact that at high velocities the magnetic field imposed by the magnet is expelled from the conducting media. As a result, the linear dependence of the Lorentz force on velocity is violated that leads to measurement errors. The aim of this work is to reveal fundamental aspects of the problems of this kind by conducting theoretical and mainly experimental research. The thesis consists of five main chapters. In the first one the topic of magnetohydrodynamics is introduced to a reader as well as the nuances of the Lorentz force velocimetry at finite magnetic Reynolds numbers Rem are explained. Next chapter presents a theoretical approach where the quasi-two dimensional model of the Lorentz force generation in a conducting slab is developed. The third chapter is concerned with the modeling experiment where a liquid metal flow is substituted with conducting solid rods. The results prove that if the magnetic field evolution is mainly controlled by advection, it leads to the statistical error in the Lorentz force measurements. The fourth chapter embraces the most important part of the work - experiments with a high-speed liquid sodium flow. Here for the first time the Lorentz force velocimetry was applied to study the flow whose velocity reaches 30 m/s. The experiment comprises both Lorentz force measurements and induced magnetic field measurements. Remarkably, a strong non-linear magnetic field expulsion was observed at Rem > 4. These data go in accordance with the Lorentz force saturation that occurs also at Rem ≈ 4. This study forms the basis of the Lorentz force velocimetry of the future and complements well already gained experience of measurements at low magnetic Reynolds numbers. The last chapter stresses the most important achievements in the actual research.


AbstractWe aim to identify factors predicting patient dissatisfaction 2 years after discectomy for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) in a Chinese older cohort.Preoperative and 2-year follow-up data for 843 patients were analyzed. After 2 years of discectomy, the patients rated their satisfaction by Patient Satisfaction Index (PSI), with response of 1 or 2 defining satisfaction and a PSI response of 3 or 4 defining dissatisfaction. Associations between perioperative variables and satisfaction with the results of surgery were examined in univariate and multivariate analysis.Six hundred fifty-seven patients had a PSI of 1 or 2 and were enrolled as satisfied group, 186 patients had a PSI of 3 or 4 and were enrolled as dissatisfied group. At baseline, no significant differences were found between the 2 groups in age, occupation, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS)-leg, and VAS-back. Compared to satisfied group, dissatisfied group had a significantly higher BMI and a higher incidence of depression. Two years after discectomy, no significant differences were found between the 2 groups in decrease of ODI, decrease of VAS-back, decrease of VAS-leg, surgery complications. Compared to satisfied group, dissatisfied group experienced higher incidence of symptom recurrence and depression. Logistic regression analysis showed that obesity, pre- and postoperative depression, symptom recurrence were independently associated with patient dissatisfaction 2 years after discectomy.In conclusion, more than 70% patients expressed satisfaction with discectomy for LDH. Two factors could predict patient dissatisfaction and be assessed before surgery: obesity and preoperative depression. Symptom recurrence and postoperative depression are also associated with diminished patient satisfaction.


In the study, using ethanol extracts of Renshen (Panax ginseng C A Meyer), Xiyangshen (Panax quinquefolius L.) and Dangshen (Codonopsis pilosulae), we investigated the effect of these "Qi-invigorating" Chinese tonic herbs on mitochondrial ATP generation capacity (ATP-GC) in H9c2 cardiomyocytes in situ and rat hearts ex vivo. All three types of "Shens" stimulated mitochondrial ATP-GC, with Renshen being most potent. While a parallel enhancement in mitochondrial ATP-GC was observed in Renshen- and Xiyangshen-pretreated rats, Dangshen treatment did not produce detectable effect ex vivo. The discrepancy between in situ and ex vivo assays for Dangshen may be attributed by its limited oral-bioavailability to the heart. The tissue specific activity of Shens on mitochondrial ATP-GC may be explained by the "Meridian Theory" in traditional Chinese medicine.


British family doctors have rejected by 5 to 1 the government's proposals for restructuring out of hours services. They have told their negotiators to make one more attempt to resolve the crisis with an "immediate approach" to the Department of Health. If the talks break down or do not proceed fast enough doctors will be balloted on whether they want to take industrial action. There was a 77% turn out in the ballot; 83% of general practitioners (20 345) voted against the offer and 17% (4274) voted for. The proposals included £45m in 1995-6 to develop rota systems and more cooperatives and to help rural and isolated doctorsfor example, with costs of locum cover; a payment of £2000 for all principals for out of hours work and a consultation fee of £20 for all principals, assistants, associates, and trainees; a commitment to allow general practitioners to transfer their out of hours responsibility to another principal in general practice with the approval of the family health services authority; and a commitment to a campaign to educate patients. The General Medical Services Committee, which had a long and sometimes angry debate last week, had already rejected an earlier offer, but it did not give any guidance on the latest offer. The vote is a result of the frustration over out of hours work that has built up since the introduction of the new contract in 1990. In the past three years the number of out of hours calls has doubled. Patients' expectations have increased, fuelled, doctors believe, by the patient's charter. Many people regard night visits-between 10 pm and 8 am on weekdays and on Saturdays and Sundays-as an extension of daytime services instead of for genuine emergencies. An increasing number of younger general practitioners, many ofwhom are women, do not want this commitment on top of the increasing daytime workload. In a nationwide survey conducted by the committee in 1992 two thirds ofrespondents said that they wanted to opt out of their 24 hour commitment, but two years later the annual conference of representatives of local medical committees voted to keep 24 hour responsibility. But since then attitudes have hardened, and the ability to opt out of providing out of hours care has been discussed at all recent meetings of the committee. Dr George Rae, who practises in Tyneside, said that the issue was not about money. "A lot of doctors say that even if there was a lot more money they still would not do the work." *:....:


Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the common hematological malignancies and, according to SEER data, 32,000 newly diagnosed cases are reported per year. It accounts for 1.8% of all cancers and around 17% of all hematological malignancies in the USA [1]. The presentation of MM is variable, with patients usually presenting with back pain, anemia and/or renal failure, while a small percentage of patients present with explosive clinical course, which can be life threatening. Despite several new drugs being approved by the US FDA (MD, USA) in the past few years, MM remains incurable and the overall survival (OS) of newly diagnosed high-risk MM patients is poor. Some of the challenges in achieving long-term remission or potential cure in MM patients are intraclonal and interclonal heterogeneity and lack of reliable indicators of deep treatment response. Minimal residual disease (MRD) assay is one such tool for measuring deeper response to treatment which, if sustained, could pave the way for cure. In an attempt to facilitate accurate comparison of novel treatment strategies, in 2006 the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) developed the first international consensus criteria for response evaluation in MM based on the guidelines published by the European Group for Blood and Bone Marrow Transplant/International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry (EBMT/IBMTR) in 1998 [2,3]. Complete response (CR) was defined as absence of monoclonal protein in the serum and/or urine and bone marrow showing less than 5% plasma cells. To refine the response assessment, the 2011 IMWG guidelines introduced four-color flow cytometry and allele specific oligonucleotide-PCR (ASO-PCR) to define immunophenotypic CR and molecular CR as new criteria [4]. This could be considered an early version of today's MRD. Attainment of CR using the conventional serological and morphological assessment has been shown to result in prolonged survival [5]. However, MM is still incurable and several patients experience disease relapse eventually. This highlights the fact that the current tools of assessment of tumor burden cannot measure the disease in its entirety and it is this small population of myeloma cells termed residual disease that could lead to relapse. This has led to efforts to create tools, both imaging and molecular, which are more efficient to evaluate deeper responses that eventually culminated in the concept of MRD. IMWG, in their updated consensus response criteria in 2016, has further clarified several aspects of MRD assessment, methods of MRD detection and expanded the response criteria by incorporating imaging-based MRD negativity to rule out the presence of extramedullary disease [6]. Methods to measure MRD can be broadly classified as molecular methods that measure medullary disease (disease in the bone marrow) and imaging techniques that measure extra medullary disease (disease outside the marrow). Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC), ASO-PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS) measure residual disease using bone marrow aspirate. Imaging modalities such as MRI and PET-computed tomography (PET/CT) are used to assess extra medullary disease. MFC relies on the distinction of malignant plasma cells from normal plasma cells based on the expression of a range of phenotypic aberrancies, such as the expression of cytogenetic differentiation markers [7]. Initially four-color and six-color panels were used and currently eight-color and ten-color antibody panels are used. The first report of the prognostic value of MRD measurement in MM using MFC was made by Rawstron and San Miguel separately in 2002 [8,9]. MRD status based on MFC with a sensitivity of 10-4–10-5 has been shown to have a significant impact


We investigate the high-energy neutrino emission expected from newly born magnetars surrounded by their stellar ejecta. Protons might be accelerated up to 0.1\char21{}100 EeV energies possibly by, e.g., the wave dissipation in the winds, leading to hadronic interactions in the stellar ejecta. The resulting PeV-EeV neutrinos can be detected by IceCube/KM3Net with a typical peak time scale of a few days after the birth of magnetars, making the characteristic soft-hard-soft behavior. Detections would be important as a clue to the formation mechanism of magnetars, although there are ambiguities coming from uncertainties of several parameters such as velocity of the ejecta. Nondetections would also lead to useful constraints on the scenario.


A chaotic synchronizing controller is provided based on the sliding mode control design. To make the controller physically realizable, available synchronizing error is used to estimate system uncertainty, such as the structure difference or parameter mismatching, based on the extended states observer (ESO), and then this controller is used to synchronizing two continuous chaotic systems. Illustrative example of the synchronization of Duffing and Vander Pol oscillators is given to show the effectiveness of this method.


In this study we report a new, simple and efficient method for the synthesis of a silica monolithic chromatography column. Instead of the usual base corrosion method, a template induced synthesis method was used to create bimodal pores in the column bed. Block polymer Pluronic F127 was used as a dual-function template to form a hierarchically porous silica monolith with both macropores and mesopores. The surface of the silica monolithic column bed was modified in situ by the C18 reagent, and was then evaluated by the μ-HPLC method. 30 000–40 000 theoretical plates per m were observed indicating that the new synthesis method creates a monolithic material that can act as an efficient chromatographically stationary phase. The method also makes the fabrication of silica monolithic columns (especially capillary columns) much simpler.


The absorption spectra of bound excitons in GaP:N and GaP:S crystals have been investigated between 10 and 250 K. Thermal broadening of the no-phonon A - and C -lines is examined on the basis of a two phonon Raman process model. Above 50 K the temperature dependent width of the C -line can be fitted reasonably well with the model using the phonon distribution curve of GaP. The width of the A -line can also be fitted with the same model but the fitting deviates somewhat at higher temperatures. Below 50 K the principal contributions to the width are attributable to crystal inhomogeneities.


A method of testing the compressive strength of wood using small-diameter cores was developed. A special core drill was used to cut 5-mm-diameter cores from wood members. Cores were drilled perpendicular to the fibers and were tested in concave jaws that applied the compressive force parallel to the fibers. Correlation between the strength of cores and the strength of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) specimens in compression and tension was established. While the correlation between compressive strengths of the cores and ASTM specimens was relatively good, the correlation between core strength and tensile strength was weak.


Reflecting on a decade (2009–2020) of research on influencer cultures in Singapore, the Asia Pacific, and beyond, this article considers the potential of "below the radar" studies for understanding the fast evolving and growing potentials of subversive, risky, and hidden practices on social media. The article updates technology and social media scholar danah boyd's foundational work on "networked publics" to offer the framework of "refracted publics." While "networked publics" arose from media and communication studies of social network sites during the decade of the 2000s, focused on platforms, infrastructure, and affordances, "refracted publics" is birthed from anthropological and sociological studies of internet user cultures during the decade of the 2010s, focused on agentic and circumventive adaptations of what platforms offer them. "Refracted publics" are a product of the landscape of platform data leaks, political protests, fake news, and (most recently) COVID-19, and are creative vernacular strategies to accommodate for perpetual content saturation, hyper-competitive attention economies, gamified and datafied metric cultures, and information distrust. The key conditions (transience, discoverability, decodability, and silosociality) and dynamics (impactful audiences, weaponized contexts, and alternating publics and privates) of "refracted publics" allow cultures, communities, and contents to avoid being registered on a radar, register in misplaced pockets while appearing on the radar, or register on the radar but parsed as something else altogether. They are the strategies of private groups, locked platforms, or ephemeral contents that will continue to thrive alongside the internet for decades to come.


Recent multiple studies have shown that the long-term consequences of AD include an increased risk of osteoporosis and fracture, especially in hip, pelvic, spinal, and wrist fractures. AD is very common worldwide, and some kinds of fractures, such as hip fractures, are associated with increased mortality, which has a substantial socio-economic impact; however, the precise mechanisms for that remain unclear. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β (RANK) ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) are members of the tumor necrosis factor ligand and receptor family, members of which also are known as bone biomarkers. Alterations in the RANKL/RANK/OPG system and the balance among these factors (represented by the RANKL/OPG ratio) are central to the pathogenesis of bone loss from osteoporosis, and it is postulated that the potential association between the serum levels of RANKL and OPG, and bone density or fracture. Recently, we demonstrated that serum RANKL/OPG ratio positively correlated with AD severity and suggests fracture risk in older women with AD. This review summarizes and discusses the risk and mechanisms of osteoporotic fracture in AD. RANKL may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD, regarding not only bone abnormality but also inflammation. Although further investigation will be needed to verify the hypotheses, recent findings may provide new insights into AD's pathogenesis and therapeutic targets.


Romilly Greenhill of the Overseas Development Institute (ODI) talks about Old puzzles, new pieces: development co-operation in tomorrow's world, a conference set for 14 and 15 November in London.


The article examines the dynamics of production of hard-to-recover oil. A mathematical model describing the dynamics of oil production in the United States is constructed. The model is based on the equation of production capacity and its modification for the oil and gas industry. By analyzing the periods of 5 years, starting from 2008, the dependence of the desired values on various parameters was established. The main parameter included in the constructed differential model was the price of WTI crude oil. For the convenience of analysis, based on the EIA tabular data, we have accepted the price of conventional oil as a constant. The time lag of economic indicators was also taken into account, the optimal value of which was established using the linear regression method. Thus, taking into account all the revealed dependencies and the selection of empirical constants, a differential equation with a lagging argument was obtained. As a result of the consideration of cases, an analytical solution was constructed describing the dynamics of shale oil production, which allows it to be used to predict the parameters of the oil market.


The invention relates to a downhill constant-speed electric power back-charging system. The downhill constant-speed electric power back-charging system comprises a vehicle speed sensor, a switch pedal sensor, a brake pedal sensor, a battery unit, a power generating device and a downhill speed control unit, wherein the downhill speed control unit is electrically connected with the vehicle speed sensor, the switch pedal sensor, the brake pedal sensor, the power generating device and the battery unit. When an electric vehicle is in a downhill state, the speed which is considered to be comfortable by a driver can be reached by automatically stepping a brake by the driver, the motion energy generated by the rotating of the electric vehicle can be adaptively regulated and can be converted into electric energy of a power generator, the electric energy can be back-charged to a battery, thus the downhill speed can be controlled, and the purpose of constant-speed downhill can be reached.


High Temperature Fatigue.- Micro-Mechanical Influences on the Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Nickel Base Superalloys.- Microstructures and Crack Opening in a Nickel-Base Superalloy Deformed by In-Situ Tensile Tests.- Mechanical Behavior Modeling of a Nickel Base Single-Crystal Superalloy.- The Cyclic Deformation of Pwa 1480 Single Crystals as a Function of Temperature, Strain Rate and Orientation.- Anisotropic Mechanical Behavior Modeling of a Nickel-Base Single Crystal Superalloy.- The Mechanical Processes of Thermal Fatigue Degradation in in-100 Superalloy.- Inclusion of DSA Modeling Capability in Unified Viscoplasticity Theories, with Application to Inconel 718 AT 1100 F.- Cyclic Deformation And Life Prediction Using Damage Mechanics.- Non-Linear Structural Modeling: Interactions Between Physical Mechanisms and Continuum Theories.- Fatigue Characteristics of Sicp-Metal Matrix Composite.- On Constitutive Relationships for Fatigue Crack Growth.- Effect of Microstructure on the Short Crack Growth in A1-2024-UA AND 117A1-8090-UA.- Cyclic Plastic Instability in Pure Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy 7075 T6:Eeffects of Temperature, Strain Rate, and Waveform.- Processing Defects and The Fracture of Ceramics and Designed Ceramic/Ceramic Composites.- Indentation Creep In Semi-Brittle Materials.- On The Fracture Bahavior of Rock Salt.- An Examination of Constitutive Laws by High Temperature Creep of Engineering Materials.- A Creep Constitutive Equation of a Single Crystal Nickel-Based Superalloy Under Uniaxial Loading.- A Creep Constitutive Model of Dislocation Thermal Activation.- Determining a Constitutive Equation for Creep of a Wood's Metal Model Material.- Dislocation crack-tip interaction influence on Subcritical crack growth.- The Effect of Quenching Procedures on Microstructures and Toughness of Tempered 4cr5mosivl (AISI H13) Steel.- Fracture Toughness Modeling for Materials with Complex Microstructure.- Thermal Activation and Brittle Failure of Structural Steels.- The Use of Elastic-Plastic Stress Fields to Describe Mixed Mode I/II Brittle Fracture In Steel.- Microstructure and Fracture Characteristic of Aluminium - Zinc - Titanium Alloys.- Three-Dimensional Aspects of the Fracture Process Zone and Caustics.- On The Behavior and the Modelization of an Austenitic Stainless Steel 17-12 Mo-SPH at Intermediate Temperature Description of Dislocation-Point Defect Interactions.- Applications of a Theory of Mobile Dislocation Density to the Study of Rate-Sensitive Deformation.- Thermodynamically Consistent Constitutive Laws in Plasticity Including Damage.- Comments On Modeling Plastic Deformation of Low Carbon Steel.- Modeling of Plastic Deformation of Metals at Medium and High Strain Rates with two Internal State Variables.- Application of Continuum Slip Approaches to Vtscoplasticity.- Constitutive Laws Pertaining to Electroplasticity in Metals.- Plastic Deformation and Fracture of Continuously Cast 5083 Aluminum Alloy Ingot.- Modelling the Influence of Microstructural Inhomogeneity on High Temperature Deformation and Fracture.- Constitutive Equations for Strength and Failure at Elevated Temperatures and Strain Rates in Austenitic Stainless Steels.- Modeling of Flow Behavior of the Nickel Base Superalloy NK17CDAT at Isothermal Forging Conditions.- Constitutive Law for Calculating Plastic Deformations During CZ Silicon Crystal Growth.- Constitutive Relations for Deformation and Failure of Fast Reactor Cladding Tubes.


In this paper,the direct and indirect effects of geomorphic characters in Gansu on agricultural production are analysed,the relation between geomorphology and natural hazard such as soil erosion are discussed and the important reasons of the weak agricultural ecological environment are pointed out,which are steep slope,heavy rainfall,thin vegetation,soft surface sediment and strong wind.The weak ecological environment is getting bad in view of unrational human activity.According to the geomorphic distribution,it is suggested that the countermeasures to improve the agricultural ecological environment in Gansu are to establish a green shelter system and to promote intensive farming in the whole province.


The lesser Asian scorpion Mesobuthus eupeus (Buthidae) is one of the most widely spread and dispersed species of the Mesobuthus genus and its venom is actively studied. Nevertheless, a considerable amount of active compounds is still under-investigated due to the high complexity of this venom. Here we report a comprehensive analysis of putative potassium channel toxins (KTxs) from the cDNA library of M. eupeus venom glands and compare the deduced KTx structures with peptides purified


The coastal waters of Belize consist of a complex set of reefal resources which are
economically important for industries such as tourism and fishing. Effective
management of these resources can be assisted by data collected by self-financing
volunteer divers. This technique has been used in Belize by Coral Cay Conservation
(CCC) to provide data to the Department of Fisheries and Coastal Zone Management
Project.
Between 1994 and 1997 CCC collected baseline data on the benthic and fish
communities of Turneffe Atoll in order to produce a habitat map and associated
database. Although data on fish abundance are available via this technique, they are
limited by the variable length of each transect and use of an ordinal scale. This study,
conducted between 1997 and 1998, aimed to provide fully quantitative data on
commercially important fish and invertebrate species, here defined as jacks, grunts,
snappers, groupers, barracuda, mackerel, tarpon, hogfish, conch and lobster. Such data
could then be used to provide baseline densities for comparison with future studies,
habitat preferences of individual species, variations in densities around the atoll and
management recommendations and suggested future research. Managing fisheries in
Belize's coastal zone, including Turneffe Atoll, is vitally important because the
industry is a key part of the country's economy (e.g. lobster exports were worth
US$8.8 million in 1995).
Data were collected by volunteers following an intensive training course supervised
by field science staff. Teams of four volunteers conducted surveys along transects
(70 m long x 5 m wide = 350 m2) with two volunteers counting fish numbers (half the
species list each). The other two volunteers surveyed the benthos (via a semiquantitative
scale), to allow densities to be linked to habitat type, and counting lobster
and conch. Transects were surveyed at a series of randomly located 'Sites', each
comprising of three transects at four depths (21 m, 18 m, 12 m and 6m). Sites were
allocated to one of 13 'Study areas' around the atoll, delineated to facilitate data
analysis at a spatial scale useful to management. Data were summarised via univariate
techniques and more detailed analysis was conducted using multivariate protocols
(e.g. cluster analysis of benthic data and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA of fish densities
between habitat types).
This study generated a total of 908 surveys, each assigned to one of 13 habitat types
(formed from five benthic and three geomorphological classes). All target fish species
were seen during the study and mean abundances in each habitat type are presented.
These data, along with analysis of preference for each study area, facilitated a
description of the distribution of each fish on Turneffe Atoll. These patterns highlight
overall abundance, key habitat types and important study areas. Similar data are
presented for each of the four most diverse families (jacks, snappers, grunts and
groupers). To summarise overall habitat and study area preferences of all fish species
combined and for each family, a simple index was calculated using mean abundance
data. Finally, further analysis indicated an exponential relationship between each
species' abundance and the number of habitats or studies in which it was found.
Conch and lobster data are also presented as mean abundance in each habitat type,
order of habitat preference and study areas with the highest abundance.


The invention provides a membranous layer composite structure of toughened low-radiation coated glass with a double-silver composite structure; toughening processing technique can be carried out after coating without influence on quality of products; silicon nitride (Si3N4) + ZnO is used as a composite dielectric layer of a base layer; one or more of tin oxide (SnO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), silicon nitride (Si3N4), and an absorbing layer of niobium oxide (Kb2O5) with ZnO are selected to form a composite dielectric layer of a middle layer; and the thicknesses and membranous components of other layers are reasonably selected, so as to prepare the toughened low-radiation coated glass with the double-silver composite structure which can undergo high-temperature heat processing.


We considered the source-free problem of the H-polarized field in the presence of a circular silver nanotube with inner active core coated with a concentric layer of the same active material. In the analysis, we used mathematically grounded Lasing Eigenvalue Problem, according to which we assumed that at the threshold the natural-mode frequency is real-valued. We looked for it together with the corresponding threshold value of material gain in the active regions. To build characteristic equations for each azimuth index, we used the separation of variables. We found surface plasmon modes of such nanolaser, classified them, and studied the dependences of modal thresholds and wavelengths on the core, tube and shell thicknesses.


Responding to the preceding article by Beekhuizen, the present contribution comments from a functional-typological and constructional perspective on
Beekhuizen's opinion that the V1-order is not a "strong" linguistic sign in Dutch. Beekhuizen's categorization of the different types of subordinate V1-clauses is questioned on semantic and pragmatic grounds, and the position is
defended that V1-order in subordinate clauses can be regarded as signalling conditionality, provided one accepts that contrastive and concessive types of V1-clauses arose from existing V1-conditionals by 'secondary' processes of
grammaticalization. Using supplementary observations from German (and occasionally also English), the article ends by sketching the constructional profile of subordinate V1-clauses in Dutch and suggesting that no constructional
approach to V1-clauses can ultimately be complete without due consideration of declarative as well as subordinate V1-clauses.


An article design support system for further enhancing a degree of design freedom an article (for example, furniture). A part space P surrounding parts incorporated in a cell space S is correlated with the cell space S formed by a frame constituting a unit. The position (size) of the part space P in the cell space S is defined by part space data defining a relative position and a relative size with reference to the cell space S. Further, the position (size) of a part in the part space P is defined by part (element) data defining a relative position and a relative size with reference to the part space P.


ABSTRACT Reflectance imaging spectroscopy (RIS) in the visible and near infrared is revolutionizing the way cultural heritage investigators may analyze paintings nondestructively. In an ongoing, highly collaborative project, the authors are investigating a painting by American artist John White Alexander (1856–1915). The painting, titled A Study in Pink, is in the collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts (VMFA). An x-radiograph taken in 2014 revealed that there was a painting of another female figure, rotated 180 degrees, underneath the current composition. With this discovery, A Study in Pink became an ideal case study for evaluating the advantages and limitations of nondestructive instrumentation for the purpose of providing useful art historical information on cultural heritage objects. The study examined the information obtained using low cost (US$15,000) as well as high cost (US$300,000) imaging instrumentation. Additionally, the authors are seeking ways of making these technologies robust for in-field non-experts, as well as practical research instruments for undergraduate and graduate education. The preliminary research results revealed that the face of the female figure underneath A Study in Pink could be partially retrieved using RIS multi-spectral imaging equipment operating from 900-1700 nm and more completely revealed using RIS equipment operating from 400-2350 nm.


This study proposes an ergonomics-based approach for those who are living in small housings (known as flats) in Indonesia. With regard to human capability and limitation, this research shows how the basic needs of human beings are captured and analyzed, followed by proposed designs of facilities and standard living in small housings. Ninety samples were involved during the study through in-depth interview and face-to-face questionnaire. The results show that there were some proposed of modification of critical facilities (such as multifunction ironing work station, bed furniture, and clothesline) and validated through usability testing. Overall, it is hoped that the proposed designs will support biopsychosocial needs and sustainability.


A 10.5-GOPS video encoder chip is described which implements CCITT H.261, P*64, and MPEG (Motion Picture Experts Group) (P-frame) encoding algorithms (including exhaustive motion estimation) at rates up to 30 frames/s with a resolution of up to 352*288 pixels per frame (CIF format). The chip accepts input video through either a video bus or a 16-b host bus and produces the final encoded bit stream in its output FIFO. A completely self-contained and glueless interface in this chip makes it possible to directly connect it to industry standard DRAM chips (1 MB) needed for frame store. The block diagram of the encoder chip is shown, and the characteristics of the major modules are listed.<<ETX>>


The framework and modularized structure of AWMR-an autonomous wheeled mobile robot in doors,which developed by ourselves,are introduced at first.Secondly,the steady and reliable motion control systems of AWMR are designed.The AWMR used as a motion platform owns good stability,openness and expandability,etc.The AWMR can be collocated by many users according to their different demands and it is easy to be further developed by the users also.


In the present invention, in a separator having a microporous polyethylene film and the heat-resistant porous layer has sufficient shutdown function and heat resistance, and be capable of thinning, a separator can be improved and a sliding issues providing a first object. First aspect of the present invention, a microporous film consisting mainly of polyethylene, non-aqueous secondary with and a heat-resistant porous layer consisting mainly of heat-resistant polymer formed on at least one surface of the microporous membrane a separator for the next cell, (1) fine Gurley value per unit thickness of the porous film is 25 to 35 sec / 100 cc · [mu] m, (2) heat-resistant average particle size in the porous layer is 0 .1~1.0μm includes the inorganic fine particles, (3) to the heat-resistant polymer and the inorganic volume of the sum of the volume of the fine particles, the volume of the inorganic fine particles is 40 to 80% ( 4) the total thickness of the heat resistant porous layer is characterized by a 3 to 12 [mu] m.


The test presented below is an analysis of the Public Administration in pursuit of effectiveness, efficiency and optimization of public spending against the development of social infrastructure and linking private in the provision of infrastructure and public services so integral. The research question seeks to establish that in this country in developing, Public Administration does not have sufficient resources to provide new infrastructure at the pace of needs, and there is great potential when it comes to obtaining financing to meet their needs investment, so we can say that one of the main obstacles to the development of social infrastructure is that resources are intended to cover other needs. The methodology is a comparison analysis because of successful experiences in Public-Private Partnerships in Europe and some countries in Latin America, which have been of interest for some countries in the region. In conclusion the trial aims to demonstrate that the project implementation is certainly favorable to the administration, since the private with the concurrence of funds and investors in its capital initially, is a developer of projects that supply basic needs of the population, but plus reimbursement to private is performed once ensure the availability of good and public resources remain managed by it, it generates significant savings for the exchequer, efficiency and effectiveness in public management and more efficient use of state resources.


AIM To study the effect of chronic multi-stress on ECG and HPA axis activity in rats after exposure to multiple stressors. METHODS In this study a chronic multi-stress animal model was established in rats and the animals were subjected to 4 weeks of chronic multi-stress. Electrocardiographic recordings were performed before (baseline, B) and after (poststress, PS) chronic multi-stress. HPA axis activity was examined by collecting blood samples, which were analyzed for plasma ACTH and corticosterone (Cor) concentrations. The effect of chronic multi-stress on electrocardiogram (ECG) and serum ACTH and Cor was analyzed. RESULTS After 4 weeks of chronic multi-stress, a much higher incidence of arrhythmias including sinus tachycardia, sinus arrhythmia, atrial premature beats (B:1.4±0.7 vs PS: 40.2±5, P0.01), ventricular premature beats(B:3.1±0.6 vs PS: 55.7±4, P0.01) and ventricular tachycardia (B: 0 vs PS: 23.8±6, P0.01) was produced. The chronic multi-stress also induced a much stronger increase of heart rate \[(371.3±12)/min→(508.7±10)/min, P0.01\] and a reduction of average R-R interval \[(171.6±5) ms→(111.5±0.5) ms, P0.01\]. The ST of ECG was lightly displaced, T wave of ECG was upright lofty and serum ACTH \[(53.1±4) ng/L→(234.7±16) ng/L, P0.01\], Cor \[(16±4) μg/L→(279±50) μg/L, P0.01\] level was raised compared with those in baseline and the control groups. CONCLSUSION Chronic multi-stress causes arrhythmias and increases HPA axis activity in rats following their exposure to multiple stressors.


Historians have overlooked the 1971–2 Conservative EEC rebellion because of the relative ease with which Edward Heath took the UK into the European Economic Community (EEC). In contrast with the rebellion over ratification of the Maastricht Treaty in 1993, Heath did not lose a vote on 'Europe'. However, the episode marks a turning point in the way anti‐EEC dissent was expressed in the Conservative Party. The rush for EEC entry after the 1970 election stunned anti‐marketeers who believed they would not be corralled into voting against their stated beliefs. This pushed Neil Marten MP into organising a more sophisticated rebel organisation that would intensify the rebellion against the EEC. When compared to previous dissent on the EEC, it was organised and fully prepared to bring down a Conservative government. The episode nearly split the Conservative Party in two as anti‐market MPs threatened their constituency associations with by‐elections to resist grassroots pressure.


We study the fluctuations in equilibrium of a class of Brownian motions interacting through a potential. For a certain choice of exponential potential, the distribution of the system coincides with differences of free energies of the stationary semi-discrete or O'Connell-Yor polymer.
We show that for Gaussian potentials, the fluctuations are of order $N^{\frac{1}{4}}$ when the time and system size coincide, whereas for a class of more general convex potentials $V$ the fluctuations are of order at most $N^{\frac{1}{3}}$.
In the O'Connell-Yor case, we recover the known upper bounds for the fluctuation exponents using a dynamical approach, without reference to the polymer partition function interpretation.


Text extraction from web pages has many applications, including web crawling optimization and document clustering. Though much has been written about the acquisition of content from live web pages, content acquisition of archived web pages, known as mementos, remains a relatively new enterprise. In the course of conducting a study with almost 700,000 web pages, we encountered issues acquiring mementos and extracting text from them. The acquisition of memento content via HTTP is expected to be a relatively painless exercise, but we have found cases to the contrary. We also find that the parsing of HTML, already known to be problematic, can be more complex when one attempts to extract the text of mementos across many web archives, due to issues involving different memento presentation behaviors, as well as the age of the HTML in their mementos. For the benefit of others acquiring mementos across many web archives, we document those experiences here.