: Background : Nonsurgical treatment of midshaft clavicular fractures leads to unsatisfactory results such as nonunion , shortening and limited function of the shoulder . Till date , various implants have been developed for open reduction including intramedullary wires , screws , and plates , each of which having various complications such as blood loss , non - union , implant irritation . TENS fixation is rather a newer modality with less complication and good outcome and is a lesser researched topic , thus this study was carried out to further evaluate the outcomes . Materials and Methods : 34 displaced midshaft clavicular fracture patient were included in this study in which 10 patients were included retrospectively from a period of 2016 - 2018 and 24 patient were included prospectively from 2019 to 2021 . Patients of mid shaft clavicular fracture were managed by TENS nail . Patients were followed up post operatively at 2 week , 6 week , 3 month , 6 month and at 12 month postoperatively . Outcome was measured by the Constant - Murley score , and DASH Score and fracture union . Secondary outcome was measured by operative time , wound size , cosmetic results and complications . Results : In this study , it was seen that mean Constant Murley score at 12 months duration was 94 .8 8 , mean DASH score was 7 .4 5 , mean union time was 9 .5 weeks and mean operative time was 36 .3 2 mins . However , DASH score was only measured after 8 weeks duration as overhead abduction was not advisable in view of rotation of fracture fragment . Conclusion : The use of TENS for fixation of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures is recommended in view of faster fracture union , lesser morbidity , better cosmetic results , easier implant removal and fewer complications . Attribution The Constant-Murley score and DASH scores were obtained at 6-8 week, 3-4 month, 6-8 month, 9-10 month and 12 month or more after surgery. The mean Constant-Murley score was 67.94 at 6-8 week, 73.88 at 3-4 month, 81.64 at 6-8 month, 90.11 at 9-10 month, and 95.58 at >12 month. The mean DASH scores were 21.08 at 3-4 month, 21.08 at 6-8 month, 8.97 at 9-10 month and 7.45 at >12 month. The DASH score was not recorded in initial 6-8 week follow up as >90 degree (overhead) movement was permitted only after union. There was no major implant related problem like breakage or failure in this study. There were no complications related to infection or neurovascular injury.


Abstract : The remote measurement of sea ice thickness from a mobile platform has been a goal of researchers and organizations, such as the U.S. Coast Guard, for many years. Ice thickness data is needed over large areas for icebreakers operation and navigation. The objective of this contract is to evaluate a successful ground-based sea ice profiling radar when adapted to a helicopter platform. The electronic and recording equipment were mounted in a small helicopter and the radar antenna was slung on a rope 14 m. below the helicopter. The thickness of fresh water ice and sea ice was successfully measured in the Canadian Arctic near Inuvik, N.W.T. Over 50 km. of first-year sea ice were continuously profiled. The ice thickness varied from 0.5 m. to 2 m. and the wind-swept snow cover varied from zero to 0.3 m. In the traverse mode, sea ice thickness was continuously measured at an altitude of 40 m. and a speed of 65 km/hr. Theoretical considerations and experimental results are given. (Author)


1 Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College, Trivandum, Kerala, India 2 Present address: Division of Imaging, Metro Scans and Laboratary, Kollam, Kerala India Former resident, Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College, Trivandum, Kerala, India Email: email@example.com Abstract Aim: To evaluate the usefulness and accuracy of ultrasound imaging for distinguishing between benign and malignant breast masses, with FNAC or biopsy results as reference standard in a study population based in South India. Materials and Methods: The records of breast ultrasound examination findings of 50 patients with solid breast masses were retrospectively reviewed. Criteria such as size, shape of the lesion, circumscribed or irregularity of margins such as indistinct, angular, microlobulate or spiculated, posterior enhancement or shadowing, calcifications, echo pattern, associated features mainly duct changes and W/AP ratio were evaluated and a diagnosis reached based on ultrasound criteria. Gold standard was kept as FNAC or biopsy. Results: The sensitivity of breast US for malignancy was 96%, specificity 85%, positive predictive value 94%, negative predictive value 92% and accuracy 93%, Among the benign criteria marked hyperechogenicity and ellipsoid shape had 100% negative predictive value. Negative predictive value of 3 or fewer gentle lobulations and thin echogenic capsule was 87.5% each. 75% of fibroadenomas showed W/AP ratio >1.4 and 93% of malignant lesions showed W/AP ratio <1.4 (p value <.001 statistically significant). Conclusion: The data confirm that using strict sonographic criteria it is possible differentiate benign from malignant lesions with confidence. Furthermore, applying these criteria can obviate need for biopsy in a group of benign solid breast lesions.


Metabolic Syndrome due to insulin resistance and aberrations in visceral-abdominal fat generates a cluster of physiological abnormalities: high trigiycerides, high blood pressure, high fasting blood sugar, and low HDL Cholesterol. While insulin injections help control diabetes, they are by no means a cure. Diabetics commonly have elevated risks of severe neurological and vascular complications, primarily due to autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells. When the body lacks insulin, cells starve and glucose levels soar, causing blindness, kidney failure, and a wide spectrum of diseases. No treatment on the market has been proven to correct insulin resistance by addressing immune and genetic mechanisms underlying the death of pancreatic beta cells. Recently SIRT], also known as the longevity gene, has been shown to promote adaptation to caloric restriction (CR) by regulating the genetic programs for gluconeogenesis and glycolysis in the liver.' SIRTl is a pivotal sensor of glucose and nutrient availability, a central metabolic regulator in the liver, muscle, and fat cells, and a regulator of cell proteins, apoptosis (cell death), and glucose metabolism.''' Since insulin resistance causes a buildup of visceral-abdominal fat that induces unwanted Inflammation and oxidative stress, we may need to ask if SlRTl activation is necessary to reverse these processes. The answer, based on recent research, appears to be a resounding yes. Excessive abdominal fat is a strong predictor of heart attacks in young men and chronic heart failure in older people and a predictor of high blood pressure. Excessive abdominal fat is even implemented in the development of Alzheimer's disease, colon cancer, gallstones, ovarian cystic disease, breast cancer, and sleep apnea. Unlike other kinds of body fat, visceralabdominal fat can become dysfunctional and produce a stew of menacing molecules that can expand to the point of rupturing. Ruptured fat cells trigger immune cells (macrophages), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which adhere to the endothelium of the blood vessels, causing atherosclerosis. Indeed, elevated levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) predict the development of type 2 diabetes and support the role for inflammation in diabetogenesis. Baseline levels of CRP and IL-6 were significantly higher in 188 diabetic women vs. 362 matched "normal" controls. And large-scale studies (the Physician's Health Study and the Women's Health Study) revealed high CRP levels to be a risk predictor of myocardiai infarction or stroke in men,-' cardiovascular events in women,** and cardiovascular events in patients with the metabolic syndrome.^" A cross-sectional study revealed that CRP levels were related to insulin resistance, obesity, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, anddiabetes,^'^ and excessive visceral-abdominal fat.'̂ '̂ These studies raise the prospect that doctors might forestall autoimmune disease by restoring immune function.


Strenuous exercise is known to suppress the immune system, which can increase the chances of getting sick in the hours after exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine if 10-d of supplementation with yeast β-glucan alters monocyte concentration, LPS-stimulated cytokine production, and plasma cytokine concentration in recreationally active subjects. Recreationally active subjects (29 men, 31 women, 22±4 y) completed 49±6 min of cycling (37±2°C, 45±5% relative humidity) after consuming either yeast βglucan (250 mg/d, BG) or a placebo (sugar pill, PL) for 10-days prior to each exercise session. The investigators were blinded to the supplement conditions until all data was collected and analyzed. Venous blood was collected at baseline (prior to supplement), pre-, post-, and 2-hours (2H) post exercise. Total and subset monocyte concentration was measured by flow cytometry. LPS-stimulated production of 12 cytokines was measured using a whole blood assay. Plasma concentration of 13 cytokines was measured using a high-sensitivity MagPix assay. Monocyte (CD14+) concentration was significantly greater at 2H (P=0.05) with BG. Also, compared to PL, BG boosted LPS-stimulated production IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-γ at PRE and POST (P<0.05). Plasma concentration of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-10, and IFN-γ were significantly greater at 2H in the BG compared to PL. In the placebo condition we observed the traditional response to strenuous exercise (rise at POST and suppression at 2H). It appears that 10-days of supplementation with BG primed blood leukocytes for the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-γ. These cytokines were elevated prior to and immediately after exercise in LPS-stimulated cultures and subsequent elevation were observed at 2H with unstimulated plasma measures. In addition to cytokine changes, BG appeared to blunt post-exercise reduction in blood monocyte concentration, which may have implication of immune-surveillance. The key findings of the present study demonstrate that BG may be a suitable countermeasure to protect and boost the immune system following stressful exercise. Such boost is likely to lower the duration of the "open window" response. This study was funded by Biothera, The Immune Health Company.


Blockchain's ever increasing size has become a major problem. Bitcoin [7], for example, has grown to 115120 MB as of May 2017, which is roughly 115 GB. This uncontrollable growth of the Blockchain is bound to become an issue in the future, as hard disks may become too small to store the entire Blockchain history and traversing the transactions databases may become increasingly slow. Already, there are lightweight clients in various Blockchain platforms (Bitcoin included), who do not store the entire chain locally but rely on a third party to send them the blocks they need. There are many issues with these clients, mainly security problems, since they go back to trusting a central authority rather than gaining trust from several distributed peers. These clients' knowledge of the Blockchain is solely based on some third party that should be trusted, while the conceptual base for Blockchain is trust distributing. In this paper we present two Blockchain abbreviation schemes. The first one is based on the Ethereum [8] project and proposes replacing the full Blockchain with a new Genesis block, which summarizes everyone's account balances at a certain point in time. One possible benefit is to use less communication while still storing the prefix of the old Blockchain (or signature of the Blockchain that can validate a version archived by other participants) in a local archive. Here we trade loss of transaction history for efficiency. Our second contribution is a UNIX based architecture using the file system, for implementing Blockchain. We demonstrate a Blockchain abbreviation technique for this architecture too.


By using the data from different instruments of SOHO we can determine the properties of four back side coronal mass ejections from inner regions (MDI, EIT and C1 images) up to around 30 solar radii (C3 images). From MDI back side images the source of coronal mass ejections can be inferred. From UVCS and LASCO‐C1 spectral data, plasma speeds and temperatures can be determined. The properties of higher altitudes of the solar corona will be deduced from LASCO‐C2 and ‐C3 white light images.


Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the most prevalent pains which could be ignited via material handling. Backpack wearers are among those who may carry heavy loads. Since MSDs mainly originate in school-aged children, students (as the largest group of backpack wearers) are considered more important. The purpose of this study is to design a backpack based on minimization of shearing force. Methods: At first the relevant patents were investigated at national and international levels. Then the appropriate ones were selected for optimization. The main selection criterion was based on reduction of pressure on the body. As an extra function we used a generator to produce electricity. The criterion for electricity generator selection was: 1) small dimension, 2) low weight, and 3) safe voltage. Results: A suspending system was used to eliminate shearing forces. Since a backpack wearing student is under the shearing force caused by walking, a spring system was used as a reducing device for shearing force. Physical spring calculation revealed that springs with stiffness coefficient equal to 588 were appropriate. Conclusion: In comparison with existing designs, suggested backpack design can reduce forces on upper limb during handling the backpack.


We have used detailed non-LTE radiation hydrodynamic simulations to investigate the detectability of high-frequency acoustic waves with the Transition Region And Coronal Explorer (TRACE). A broad spectrum of acoustic waves are fed into the computational domain at the lower boundary of the model atmosphere, and TRACE UV continuum intensities are calculated by folding the derived intensities with the TRACE filter transmission functions for the 1700 and 1600 filters. Power spectra, phase diagrams, and intensity response functions are calculated, and intensity formation heights are derived. The simulations show that the average response height of the 1700 and 1600 passbands are 360 and 430 km, with widths of 325 and 185 km. The width of the TRACE intensity response functions reduces the power of the intensity oscillations considerably, but if waves are present with power enough to be of importance for the energy balance of the chromosphere, they should be detectable at least up to 40 mHz in the absence of instrumental noise, especially in the 1600 passband. The phase difference between the synthesized 1600 and 1700 TRACE intensities follows the curve expected for propagating acoustic waves up to 15 mHz. For higher frequencies the phase difference decreases and approaches zero before the coherence drops down, similar to the observed behavior. This is explained by the double-peaked nature of the response function for the 1700 intensities.


We estimate intergenerational income mobility in the US and Sweden, using a new nonparametric approach. The approach addresses several empirical issues raised in the literature and applies when other estimators are infeasible. We argue that previous estimates of income mobility conceal the heterogeneous nature of the transmission mechanism by keeping mobility constant across families. The striking differences we find between mobility patterns across family backgrounds, captured by father's education, lead us to question the conventional result that intergenerational transmission of earnings is weaker in Sweden than in the United States, for important parts of the population.


Agriculture is one of the oldest and certainly most important professions in history of humankind. Agriculture itself is embedded deep within our foundation of country. Due to ever growing demand and growth of technology, it is possible to help farmers to boost their production via some means of current technology that is may be via robotics. Weeding and harvesting in particular area due to large land side requires repetition of monotonous task. It does not help in resulting much efficiently for weeding i.e. (using excessive herbicide and margin for human error). There is also a lack of manpower noticeable in agriculture sector. To detect and remove weed from other crops is essential task for the farmers. Hence, the aim of the proposed system is to detect weed from the other crops in the images captured by digital camera. This system uses an object detection technique by Convolutional Neural Network. The proposed system is very helpful in agriculture area


Planned to be the world's largest airport, Dubai World Central-Al Maktoum International Airport began accepting passenger services on October 27, 2013. Mark Nicholls reports.


We propose a resource-constrained network growth model that explains the emergence of key structural properties of real-world directed networks: heavy-tailed indegree distribution, high local clustering and degree-clustering relationship. In real-world networks, individuals form edges under constraints of limited network access and partial information. However, well-known growth models that preserve multiple structural properties do not incorporate these resource constraints. Conversely, existing resource-constrained models do not jointly preserve multiple structural properties of real-world networks. We propose a random walk growth model that explains how real-world network properties can jointly arise from edge formation under resource constraints. In our model, each node that joins the network selects a seed node from which it initiates a random walk. At each step of the walk, the new node either jumps back to the seed node or chooses an outgoing or incoming edge to visit another node. It links to each visited node with some probability and stops after forming a few edges. Our experimental results against four well-known growth models indicate improvement in accurately preserving structural properties of five citation networks. Our model also preserves two structural properties that most growth models cannot: skewed local clustering distribution and bivariate indegree-clustering relationship.


Belief storage is often described with two metaphors. The first metaphor is that of a belief box, a functionally individuated warehouse where mental representations reside. As functionalists have it, a believer instantiates the belief relation, whatever exactly that relation is, to the propositions encoded by those mental representations.1 The second metaphor is that of a web of belief, according to which all of an agent's beliefs are interconnected in a single, web-like network, the entirety of which synchronically guides action and reasoning. Taking this metaphor at face value, even beliefs that seem deeply unrelated, say one's belief that 9 3 = 27 and one's belief that one's parents are immigrants, would count as connected to each other in some arcane though consistent way. This metaphor is attractive because it promises to account for how people can reason about many different subject matters at one time (thus allowing for the 'isotropy of belief '; Fodor 1983). If an agent's set of beliefs is encoded in a single web-like data structure, evidence that affects the status of one belief can have consequences for the overall topology of the web, affecting the entire web at once (thus allowing for the supposedly 'Quinean' nature of belief; Fodor 1983). In this way, our beliefs about pop music could, in principle, constrain our beliefs about paleontology (you could have based all of your pop music and paleontological beliefs on testimony from someone you now consider to be a liar, or you could think that velociraptors had the best taste in classic mandopop). Most criticisms of functionalist theories of belief storage have focused on the first metaphor, the belief box. For instance, Schwitzgebel (2013) argues that


In the following paper the author tries to find a possibility to use larvae of caddis flies of Integripalpia suborder to increase a significance of bioindicator researches during environmental monitoring of the South Ural rivers. Analysis of caddis flies types constancy was carried out in 17 state water posts on the rivers flowing across the territory of South Ural from 2005 to 2016. As chemical characteristics such indexes as content in river waters of compounds of manganese, nickel and iron, oil products, phenols, ammonium nitrogen, coppers, zinc, COD, BOD5, sulfates, chlorides, nitrite nitrogen were used. Specific combinatorial index of water impurity was used as a complex index. In total constancy evolution of 7 species of larvae of caddis flies of Integripalpia suborder was analyzed. It's the first time the author has made a list of constant, additive and casual types of Integripalpia on the studied territory. The author has revealed significant correlative dependences between constancy of larvae of species of caddis flies with a number of hydro chemical indexes. The author has made regression models used to forecast constancy of larvae of Integripalpia suborder types depending on concentration of the pollutant containing in river waters.


Refugee rights activists are pleased with the September 1 announcement that Wilson Security will not tender for another contract for Australia's offshore detention centres, but say the camps must be closed immediately.


The North Pacific marine heatwave of 2014–2016 (PMH), one of the most geographically-extensive and severe marine heatwaves on record, resulted in widespread and persistent perturbation of the Gulf of Alaska and California Current ecosystems. Negative effects of the PMH on marine mammals have been observed, but are not yet well understood. The endangered Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus is an important top predator in the Gulf of Alaska that is also particularly vulnerable to sudden or severe ecosystem shifts. We examined survival of 4,178 known-aged Steller sea lions marked from 2000 to 2016 from Kodiak Island through Southeast Alaska, using mark-recapture models and 12,811 resightings collected from 2001 to 2021. Survival of adult females aged 3–15 was reduced -0.05 to -0.23 during the PMH in the areas east, but not west, of Cook Inlet. Survival of Kodiak females was unaffected by the PMH, but survival of Sugarloaf females aged 5–8 was reduced -0.13 from summer 2015 to summer 2016. Lowest survival in Southeast Alaska occurred from summer 2016 to summer 2017, but was also reduced from summer 2014 to summer 2016. Reduced survival continued post-PMH in Kenai Peninsula/Prince William Sound, but not in Southeast Alaska. Survival of adult males was insensitive to the PMH, except in Southeast Alaska where male survival was reduced -0.25 from summer 2016 to summer 2017. Prolonged or intermittent high adult female mortality may reduce population growth and initiate regional declines. Survival response of Steller sea lions to the PMH varied regionally despite similar patterns of ocean warming throughout our study area, suggesting areas east versus west of Cook Inlet were affected differently by the PMH, perhaps due to habitat and oceanographic differences.


This study was performed to determine the effects of genetic polymorphisms, such as glutathione S-transferase , glutathione S-transferase , glutathione S-transferase , aryl hydrocarbon N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) on the concentrations of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 2-naphthol in general population with no occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Study subjects were 257 men who visited a health promotion center in Susan. A questionnaire was used to obtain detailed data about age, smoking, drinking, body fat mass, intake of fat etc. Urinary l-OHP and 2-naphthol concentration were analyzed by HPLC system with a fluorescence detector. A multiplex PCR method was used to identify the genotypes for GSTM1 and GSTT1. The polymorphisms of GSTP1, NAT2, CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 were determined by the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Urinary 1-OHP concentration was higher in deleted genotype of GSTM1, increased as smoking and alcohol drinking increased. Urinary 2-naphthol concentration was also rely on the age and smoking. Neither genetic polymorphism nor drinking-related factors were significantly related to urinary 2-naphthol concentration. No significant relation was found between physical characteristics and concentrations of urinary PAHs metabolites in the subjects, but the geometric mean of urinary 1-OHP and 2-naphthol was higher in the group with higher value compared to median value. These data suggest that in general population occupationally not exposed to PAHs, urinary concentration of PAHs metabolites is influenced by smoking, alcohol drinking and deleted genotype of GSTM1 in 1-OHP and smoking in 2-naphthol.


In this article exact solutions of the Klein–Gordon and Weyl equations in the field of a stationary cosmic string are presented.


Breeding chronology and reproductive success of the Merlin (Falco columbarius richarsonii) were studied in southeastern Montana from 1978 - 1981. Breeding activity spanned 5 mo from the earliest observation of adults to the latest dispersal of adults and young from nesting areas. Clutch size, brood size and fledging success at active nests were similar (P > 0.05) among the 4 yrs. Mortality tended to be highest before the hatching stage. Breeding chronology and reproductive success were similar to results of studies in Canada.


This is probably one of the most common questions (if not the most) every small business owner asks. They know they need SEO but they have no idea what ...


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective Enteric glial cells (EGCs) can activate multiple pathways to inhibit the deleterious effects of acute and chronic insults. Our aim was to test the effect of EGCs on hyperglycemia-induced neuron damage and its underlying intracellular mechanisms. Methods A coculture model composed of EGCs and neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) was established to examine glial-mediated neuroprotection under high glucose conditions. The cell counting assay kit CCK-8 was used to measure cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to measure the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), change of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), cell cycle distribution, and apoptosis. The expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, AKT, p-AKT, GSK-3β, and p-GSK-3β were tested using western blot. Results Exposure to high glucose (≥35 mM) reduced the viability of SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Meanwhile, enhanced ROS generation and decrease of MMP were observed in SH-SY5Y cells when treated with high glucose. Furthermore, high glucose also caused SH-SY5Y cells arrest in G2 phase and apoptosis, accompanied by decreasing cyclin D1 and E2, and upregulating Bax and cleaved caspase-3. Coculture EGC lines or EGC-conditioned medium with SH-SY5Y prevented the neurotoxic effects. The p-AKT/AKT and p-GSK-3β/GSK-3β ratios were dramatically decreased in SH-SY5Y cells after high glucose incubation, which was restored after coculture with EGCs. Conclusions EGCs can protect neurons from hyperglycemia-induced injury by activating the Akt/GSK-3β pathway.


A fuel supply system is configured to reduce a pressure of a hydrogen gas from a hydrogen cylinder (2) is promoted by a serially arranged high-pressure regulator (7) to regulate a flow rate of the pressure-reduced hydrogen gas through a Wasserstoffdurchsatzreguliervorrichtung (12), and the hydrogen gas be supplied to a fuel cell (1). The high-pressure regulator (7) has a central channel (3b), in which the hydrogen gas after the pressure reduction by a first regulator (8) and prior to pressure reduction by means of a second regulator (9) enters, a rear channel (3c) into which the entering hydrogen gas after the pressure reduction by the second regulator (9), a connecting channel (10) communicating between the central channel (3b) and said rear channel (3c) allows, and an inside air check valve (11) (in the connecting channel is 10) and adapted to receive a flow of the hydrogen gas in a direction from the central channel (3b) (to the rear channel 3c) to allow and block a flow of the hydrogen gas in the reverse direction thereto.


The League of Nations Assembly passed a resolution in September 1931 to consult the press about the "spread of false information which may threaten to disturb the peace or the good understanding between nations." By September 1932, 16 nations and two international associations of journalists had replied with suggestions for the Third Conference of Press Experts in Madrid in 1933. This article uses these proposals from journalists as a springboard to discuss how we can use comparative and transnational history to understand the press's role during the interwar period. After analyzing the current methodological debates on comparative and transnational history, I address the uses of both for histories of the press. How can comparative or transnational history help us to investigate the press? How can scholars think about journalists' associations and conceptualize their role within the interwar diplomatic framework? More specifically, how did the press fit into the League of Nations' efforts towards disarmament? Ultimately, an investigation of the two methodologies shows that we cannot class the press neatly into national boxes, but rather have to recognize the messy networks that overlapped, crisscrossed, and intersected to create those apparently national press systems.


This study deals with various ways of defining the identities of children and young individuals found in Neolithic inhumation burials in southern Sweden, with the help of age categories and without using them as an opposite to adults. And young people do exist in the burial material, and can be uncovered in our theories and interpretations, a change of perspective might be all we need. Interpreting identities of individuals through their burial situation is difficult, and ultimately comes down to interpretation, but more important is that we actually try to interpret! The material is vast and the study of children in the past is still in it's cradle, so to speak.


The basic parameter of a higher educational institution is quality of preparation of students, their demand on a labor's market. In work the basic making models of the expert, such as the professional and socially-psychological, creative and personal qualities of the person defining it of ability to work on conditions of market attitudes are considered, achieving the results adequate to requirements of public and scientific and technical progress. The methodology of optimum development of requirements to the graduate of high school consists not only in the account of approaches and sights of spheres of higher education and professional work of the expert, not only in integrated reflection of the general and specific features of the modern worker of a techno sphere, but also in the account of all communications of the person of the professional with a society, an environment and professional sphere. And knowledge should be means of education, and this knowledge needs to be given a humanitarian and humanistic orientation. At modular training development of knowledge, skills occurs by means of special system of didactic forms, methods and the means modeling the subject maintenance of the future professional work. In modular training movement of activity of the student from educational to professional, connected with transformation of needs, motives, the purposes, subject actions and acts, means of a subject and results is set.


The aim of the study was to identify the influence of the cluster resources on innovation performance of the companies in the textile hub of Ilhota/SC. Innovative performance was approached through the perspectives of the Effectiveness and Efficiency proposed by Alegre et al. (2006). The research was a causal and quantitative survey. We surveyed 47 companies in the textile polo of Ilhota/SC. The Data was analyzed by structural equations. It was found that the efficiency dimension of the innovation process showed a higher correlation with Innovative Performance, indicating greater importance given by the defendant manufacturers' procedures for obtaining the results, as the consumption of resources, cost and product development time than the financial return provided by innovations. Externalities and Cooperation were not significant, indicating little relation to the Innovative Performance. Studies on innovation can bring a lot of information about opportunities and barriers that permeate the management of organizations and make some more prone industries or regions to innovation than others. In the case of textile polo of Ilhota, the results contribute to realize the importance of the use of externalities, such as the increased flow of customers, access to skilled labor and availability of suppliers. These advantages, currently untapped, could improve the innovation performance of the companies involved. Similarly, the lack of trust among businesses could be mitigated with a strong governance system, favoring partnerships and joint projects. Keywords : cluster, innovation performance, externalities, cooperation, sources of innovation.


The complexity and sophistication of modern experimental techniques require that similarly complex and sophisticated analysis procedures be used to interpret and understand experimental data. One tool which is often used in the analysis of neutron (and other projectile) time-of-flight data is the computer code SAMMY. An overview of the capabilities of this code is presented here, with emphasis on recent enhancements and improvements.


We present the design, fabrication and performance of a periodically-coupled three-ring GaAs/AlGaAs resonator array. Vernier effect in the array results in a three-fold increase in the overall free spectral range over that of a single microring resonator.


A WiBro network interworking method and system of a WLAN(Wireless Local Area Network) terminal are provided to manage QoS, traffic control and billing of users although users use an unlicensed band. An RS(Relay Station)(200) requests allocation of a dedicated CID(Connection Identification) corresponding to a QoS level of a corresponding terminal user according to an Internet access request of WLAN terminals(100a,100b,100c). A RAS(Radio Access System)(300) allocates a dedicated CID for an Internet access of the WLAN terminals according to the request of the RS. The RS maps the dedicated CID allocated by the RAS and a node ID of the WLAN terminals to provide an Internet service to the WLAN terminal user. The RS includes a WiBro connection manager for performing a WiBro initiation process with the RAS in a WiBro network, a Wireless LAN host AP for applying association to a corresponding terminal if a WiBro network connection request is received from the WLAN terminals, a WiBro interworking setting manager for setting a connection for WiBro network interworking of the WLAN terminals according to a used IP network if user authentication according to a request of the wireless LAN host AP is normally completed, and a mapper for mapping the dedicated CID allocated from the RAS and the node ID of the WLAN terminal.


A topological space X is a ΣΣ∗-space provided that, for every sequence 〈fn〉n=0 of continuous functions from X to R, if the series ∑∞ n=0 |fn| converges pointwise, then it converges pseudo-normally. We show that every regular Lindelöf ΣΣ∗-space has the Rothberger property. We also construct, under the continuum hypothesis, a ΣΣ∗-subset of R of cardinality continuum.


The embodiment of the invention provides a routing information learning method and device in a location and identifier separation protocol network. The method is applied to a first tunneling router for sending traffic to a virtual machine, and the virtual machine is immigrated into a third tunneling router from a second tunneling router and is moved back to the second tunneling router from the third tunneling router. The method comprises the following steps: receiving a solicit-mapping-request (SMR) message sent by the third tunneling router; extracting the address of a terminal identifier (EID) of the virtual machine from the SMR message, and deleting the accurately matched EID address and route information of the third tunneling router; and sending a mapping request carrying the EID address to a mapping server, and learning the matched EID address and the route information of the second tunneling router.


Domestic natural gas utilization in Indonesia suffers from lack of proper infrastructure and high transportation costs. The government might benefit from detailed estimation of demand to anticipate potentially fast-growing natural gas utilization in the future. Using Global Trade Analysis Project - Energy (GTAP-E) model simulation, this paper attempts to present a long-run estimation of natural gas demand in manufacturing sector for year 2025, 2030, and 2035. Chemical industry will remain the largest user of natural gas, followed by electricity, basic metal, and metal industry. To meet these demand, domestic production of natural gas should increase by 36.7 percent and 99.49 percent in 2025 and 2035, respectively. It brings us to the urge of massive investments in natural gas production and distribution.


A randomized double blind trial on amrinone comparedwith placebo was carried out in 60 patients with congestive heart failurecaused by idiopathic cardiomyopathy, coronary heart disease, or valvularinsufficiency. The patients in group 1 (30 cases) received placebo 100 mgthree times daily for 5 days, while patients in group Ⅱ (30 cases) receivedamrinone 100 mg also three times daily. If there was no side effect, thedose was increased to 150 mg every time for 5 days, then 200 mg for 18days. The results showed that the percentage of improvement of cardiacfunction was 33. 3% and 46. 7% in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ, respectively, (p0. 05) The two dimensional echocardiographic assessment of left ventricularfunction were evaluated before and after treatment. There were no signi-ficant differences in group 1. However, there were fisignicant differencesexcept for stroke index in group Ⅱ (p0.05). There also were significantdifferences except for ejection fraction between two groups p0. 05. The mean cardio-thorax ratio as determined by X-ray decreased from0.59 to 0.58 in group Ⅰ, (p0.05) and from 0.61 to 0.57 in group Ⅱ,(p0.05). The adverse reactions of group 11 (34%) were more common than thatof group 1 (10%), (p0.05.) The side effects included arrhythmias, increased heart rate, gastro-intestinal discomfort and elevated SGPT. No evidence of thrombocytopeniawas observed. The results suggest that the improvement of cardiac perfor-mance is limited, with too many side effects. So, amrinone is not a de-sirable positive inotropic drug.


Connexin37 (Cx37) is a subunit gap junction protein which exhibits limited expression in only a few cell types, predominantly in endothelial cells and in the lung. To begin to analyze Cx37 expression, we isolated a 1.6 kb mouse Cx37 cDNA from a mouse lung cDNA library and isolated corresponding mouse genomic clones from a bacterial artificial chromosome library. Sequencing and comparison of these clones showed that the Cx37 gene contained a short first exon, an 1.0 kb single intron and a second exon containing the complete coding region and 3P-untranslated region (UTR). The 5P-UTR of the mouse cDNA showed 70% identity to that of human Cx37. Primer extension experiments performed using mouse lung RNA gave two bands of sizes consistent with the transcription start site predicted from the cDNA. Sequence analysis showed that the regions flanking exon I contained a consensus 'TATA box' 43 bp 5P from the transcription start site preceded by several putative transcription factor binding sites and a 282 bp truncated L1Md interspersed element. Luciferase reporter gene transfections suggested that an area of 268 bp 5P from the first exon acted as a basal promoter for Cx37 and that there was a strong negative regulatory element in the intron. fl 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


In fiber-fed galaxy redshift surveys, the finite size of the fiber plugs prevents two fibers from being placed too close to one another, limiting the ability to study galaxy clustering on all scales. We present a new method for correcting such fiber collision effects in galaxy clustering statistics based on spectroscopic observations. The target galaxy sample is divided into two distinct populations according to the targeting algorithm of fiber placement, one free of fiber collisions and the other consisting of collided galaxies. The clustering statistics are a combination of the contributions from these two populations. Our method makes use of observations in tile overlap regions to measure the contributions from the collided population, and to therefore recover the full clustering statistics. The method is rooted in solid theoretical ground and is tested extensively on mock galaxy catalogs. We demonstrate that our method can well recover the projected and the full three-dimensional (3D) redshift-space two-point correlation functions (2PCFs) on scales both below and above the fiber collision scale, superior to the commonly used nearest neighbor and angular correction methods. We discuss potential systematic effects in our method. The statistical correction accuracy of our method is only limited by sample variance, which scales down with (the square root of) the volume probed. For a sample similar to the final SDSS-III BOSS galaxy sample, the statistical correction error is expected to be at the level of 1% on scales ∼0.1–30 h−1 Mpc for the 2PCFs. The systematic error only occurs on small scales, caused by imperfect correction of collision multiplets, and its magnitude is expected to be smaller than 5%. Our correction method, which can be generalized to other clustering statistics as well, enables more accurate measurements of full 3D galaxy clustering on all scales with galaxy redshift surveys.


While pre-trained language models (PLMs) are the go-to solution to tackle many natural language processing problems, they are still very limited in their ability to capture and to use common-sense knowledge. In fact, even if information is available in the form of approximate (soft) logical rules, it is not clear how to transfer it to a PLM in order to improve its performance for deductive reasoning tasks. Here, we aim to bridge this gap by teaching PLMs how to reason with soft Horn rules. We introduce a classification task where, given facts and soft rules, the PLM should return a prediction with a probability for a given hypothesis. We release the first dataset for this task, and we propose a revised loss function that enables the PLM to learn how to predict precise probabilities for the task. Our evaluation results show that the resulting fine-tuned models achieve very high performance, even on logical rules that were unseen at training. Moreover, we demonstrate that logical notions expressed by the rules are transferred to the fine-tuned model, yielding state-of-the-art results on external datasets.


Our current study was conducted on the Prevalence of VDRL, MP and Blood grouping of Human blood donors in University of Swat...


Theridiid spiders usually have eight eyes. Only recently the genus Archerius Levi (957, Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc., 76: II4) was described from some California specimens having only six eyes. Since then an eight-eyed species from Japan was seen, a species having the anterior median eyes small. The number of eyes, then, may not be of generic importance. Since the work on drcherius, another theridiid genus has been found in which the eye number is variable. In some species the anterior median eyes are present but small; other species lack them .entirely. Judging by their similar appearance and by the genital structure, the species are closely related and belong to the genus Styposis. A gi'ant from the National Institutes of Health (E-944) and a National Science Foundation grant (G-43 I7) made the completion of this paper possible. I would like to thank Dr. W. J. Gertsch and Dr. A. M. Chickering for specimens used and Proessor M. Vachon tor permitting me to examine S. jlavesce:ns in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris.


The Red Light district in Montreal has long been the object of sporadic efforts, if not to eliminate it, at least to control, regulate or limit it to a definite area of the city. Enquiries on the police in 1905, 1909, and 1924 give us information on the official position of the authorities and the activities of pressure groups concerned with prostitution. Founded in 1917, the Committee of Sixteen for a decade carried the torch of those social reformers eager to eliminate "commercial vice" in Montreal. The Committee was able to count on the support of the Montreal Local Council of Women, which was concerned with the problems of the white slave trade and prostitution. In addition to moral considerations, especially after the Great War, were the concerns raised by veneral diseases. After years of reformers' agitation neither abolitionism nor regulation triumphed; instead toleration prevailed, accompanied by a watchfulness and control of a sitution that suited a large number of interests linked to business in the Red Light district.


The purpose — to estimate the frequency of visual general objects agnosia and novel landmarks agnosia in patients with acute ischemic stroke and to describe the clinical manifestations of these phenomena and association between them. Materil and methods. 75 patients with ischemic stroke were enrolled. Computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance scan to confirm the ischemic lesion, neurological, ophthalmological and neuropsychological examination were performed in all patients. Visual perception skills (gnosis) were measured by Birmingham Object Recognition Battery tests and authors' Novel landmarks recognition test. Results. 8 out of 75 patients (10,7%) had visual agnosia documented by the neuropsychological testing, of these 3 patients had question-induced complaints («clinically evident» agnosia, group 1) and 5 patients had no complaints («clinically blurred» agnosia, group 2). 67 patients (89,3%) were not agnostic (group 3). The patients of the 1st and 2nd groups performed perception (gnosis) test significantly worse compared with those of the 3rd group while group 1 demonstrated significantly worse test results than group 2. A significant positive correlation was found between the results of Birmingham Object Recognition Battery tests and the Novel landmarks recognition test. Conclusion. General objects and landmarks recognition is impaired in 10,7% patients with acute ischemic hemispheric stroke. As a rule, general object agnosia is associated with landmark agnosia. Visual general objects and landmarks agnosia may be «clinically evident» verified by the patients' question-induced complaints as well as by the results of neuropsychological testing, or «clinically blurred», verified only by testing. The test results were statistically significantly worse in «clinically evident» than in «clinically blurred» visual agnosia.


A portal is a public or private space that gives users the ability to organize information, readily access that information, manage documents, share calendars and enable efficient collaboration, all in a familiar, browserbased environment. The introduction of web portal in Universities in Nigeria, especially at the University of Ilorin has been considered a worthwhile development. However, since the creation for the individual undergraduate students; no study has been carried out to examine its uses and the currency of information on it. In the light of this, this study examined the use and currency of information on the undergraduate students' web portal at the University of Ilorin. The study adopted a survey design. The target population was the University of Ilorin Undergraduate students from which a total of two hundred and fourty (240) were selected through simple random sampling technique to represent the sample for the study. Four resesarch questions were developed. The results reveal among others that majority of the undergraduate students use the web portal to check their results, register their courses, print their school fees receipts and view their current session charges. Similarly, majority of the undergraduate students rated the contents on their web portal as excellent and agreed that the contents are always very current. An overwhelming majority of the  respondents (99.2%) were satisfied with the web portal at the University of Ilorin while the common problems encounter with the access to and use of web portal in the University include connection failure, slow server, power outage and processing errors. Base on these findings, the study  recommends that the University of Ilorin management should enhance the information content on the students' web portal by including chatting icon so as to facilitate the exchange of information between the university management, the staffs and students as this would assist in adddressing important issues on time regardless of the users location. The study concluded web portal is a very nice discovery and very good information system which is contributing a great deal to the information dissemination between the university authority and the students and between the students and the authority.


Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was first included in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders in 1980. Long used to describe the reactions of soldiers affected by stress in combat situations, PTSD is now recognised as a disorder affecting abused and neglected infants and children, survivors of assault and domestic violence, and disaster victims of all ages. How did a construct so distinctly associated with the experiences of adult combat veterans come to describe behaviours seen in children, and even infants? This transformation can be understood by examining the way clinical researchers have applied the developmental sciences (child and adolescent development, neuroscience, and cognitive science) to the study of trauma. Each of the developmental sciences has contributed to our understanding of children's reactions to traumatic situations, and each plays an integral part in the effort to understand PTSD as a disorder of children as well as adults.


Objective To study the level of growth and development among children and adolescents in Ningbo,and to provide a scientific basis and guidance of health care for the children and adolescents.Methods By using "2010 National Survey of Student's Health",a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to choose 2 843 children and adolescents of 7-18 years old for morphological,functional,nutritional status survey and evaluation.Results The children' s growth and development of children and adolescents were consistent with the general rules of development;Height,weight,chest,pulmonary function,and so the average index was significantly higher than the national average level of the corresponding index of 2005.The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 11.71% and 4.33%,among boys(14.72%,5.41%) were significantly higher than girls(8.77%,3.27%)(P0.01).The prevalence rate of overweight among urban students(13.79%) was higher than the rural(9.59%),while the prevalence rate of obesity among rural students(5.69%) was significantly higher than in the urban(2.99%,P0.01).Conclusion The prevalence rate of Ningbo children and adolescents is higher than the national,but there are some problems.


Vocabulary learning strategies are essential in vocabulary acquisition and one particularly important strategy is word part strategy. This quasi-experimental research attempted to investigate the effects of word part strategy instruction on vocabulary knowledge among primary school students in a Thai EFL context. It also sought to explore primary school students' attitudes about the use of the word-part strategy instruction on vocabulary acquisition and development. The participants consisted of two intact classes divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental participants received thorough training on word part strategies, while the control group received no instruction on word part strategies. Three measures of word part knowledge were developed and validated before the data collection. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was also employed to explore the experimental participants' attitudes towards implementing word part strategy instruction in vocabulary learning. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data. The results showed that the students who had received word part strategy instruction outperformed those in the control group, indicating a positive effect of word part strategies on vocabulary learning among primary school students. The current study also showed that primary school students were highly satisfied with the word part strategy instruction. Together, the present findings suggest the efficacy of word part strategies on vocabulary learning and development among primary school learners. Other implications relevant to pedagogical practices and suggestions for further studies are also discussed.


Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) is an important DNA tumor virus that is associated with approximately 10% of gastric carcinomas and 99% of nasopharyngeal cancers (NPC). DNA methylation and microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most studied epigenetic mechanisms that can prompt disease susceptibility. This study aimed to detect the effect of EBV on Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (WIF1), Nemo‐like kinase (NLK), and adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene methylation, and expression in gastric carcinoma and NPC. The WIF1, NLK, and APC gene mRNA expression levels were measured by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR in four EBV‐positive cell lines and four EBV‐negative cell lines. Bisulfite genomic sequencing or methylation‐specific PCR was used to detect the methylation status of the WIF1, NLK, and APC promoters. All cell lines were treated with 5‐azacytidine (5‐aza‐dC), miR‐BART19‐3p mimics or an inhibitor, and analyzed by flow cytometry and MTT cell proliferation assays. The WIF1, NLK, and APC promoters were hypermethylated in all eight cell lines. 5‐Aza‐dC displayed a growth inhibitory effect on cells . After transfection with miR‐BART19‐3p mimics, the expression of WIF1, and APC decreased, and the cellular proliferation rate increased. After transfection with the miR‐BART19‐3p inhibitor, the expression levels were higher, and the cell growth was inhibited. In the NPC and GC cell lines, the promoters of WIF1, NLK, and APC are highly methylated, and the expression of these three genes is regulated by miR‐BART19‐3p. The activity of the Wnt pathway in EBV‐associated tumors may be enhanced by miR‐BART19‐3p.


After his election in 1973, Los Angeles's first African American mayor, Tom Bradley, worked to implement reforms that would increase civilian oversight and accountability of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD). Ensuring procedural fairness that treated all residents equally, Bradley and other liberals believed, would lead to reductions in police harassment, abuse, and shootings. Placing their faith in the power of government to effectively manage the police allowed liberals to pledge both strong support for tough law enforcement and propose police reforms. This liberal law-and-order, however, did not result in similar police reforms, such as civilian review, pursued in other Democratic-run cities. No event demonstrated this limitation of Bradley's liberal law-and-order approach to police reform as the Rodney King beating and the 1992 Los Angeles rebellion. Rather than demonstrating the failure of liberal reform, Los Angeles shows how liberal law-and-order facilitated the expansion of police authority after the 1960s.


Metabonomics is the comprehensive and simultaneous profiling of multiple metabolite levels in a biological system and their temporal changes caused by factors such as diet, lifestyle, environment, genetic factors, and pharmacological effects. This is usually carried out by investigating the metabolic content of biofluids and tissues using techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The interpretation of the data is generally carried out using multivariate statistical and other modeling techniques. In this article the principal approaches that use NMR spectroscopy are described, together with a brief overview of the main areas of application.

Keywords:

metabonomics;
metabolomics;
biomarker;
disease;
drug toxicity;
nutrition


EQUIPPING LAY LEADERS IN THE BASICS OF BIBLICAL COUNSELING AT CHRIST FELLOWSHIP, EVERSON, WASHINGTON Kenneth Dale Van Kooten, D.Min. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2013 Faculty Supervisor: Dr. Heath B. Lambert The purpose of this project was to train group leaders in the basics of biblical counseling so that they may effectively address the spiritual needs of small groups at Christ Fellowship in Everson, Washington. Chapter 1 describes the history of Christ Fellowship, its present ministries, and a demographic analysis of the surrounding cities. Chapter 2 examines the biblical and theological basis for this project. Chapter 3 examines the history of counseling. How did counseling shift from the domain of the church to the mental health establishment? What has caused the emergence of the biblical counseling movement? Chapter 4 presents an outline of this project. The purpose of this chapter is to supply detailed information anticipating that other churches may want to use this material in their own ministry setting. Chapter 5 evaluates the effectiveness of this project. The information gathered by the research instruments determined the project's level of success. VITA Kenneth Dale Van Kooten EDUCATIONAL Diploma, Lynden Christian High School, Lynden, Washington, 1972 B.S., Washington State University, 1975 M.Div., Trinity Western University, Langley, British Columbia, 2001 MINISTERIAL Associate Pastor, Christ Fellowship, Everson, Washington, 2002ORGANIZATIONAL National Association of Nouthetic Counselors


Single-layer magnetoresistive sensors were designed in a Wheatstone bridge configuration using La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 ferromagnetic oxide thin film. Uniaxial anisotropy was induced by performing epitaxial deposition of the films on top of vicinal SrTiO3 substrate. X-ray scan confirms the high crystalline quality of the films and the magnetic anisotropy was checked by magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements. Thanks to the anisotropic magnetoresistive effect and the very low noise measured in the devices, sub-nT resolution was achieved above 100 Hz at 310 K.


This study examined the influence of lexical factors on verbal Eojeol recognition. To meet the goal, forty-five L2 Korean learners and twenty-two Korean native speakers took Eojeol decision tasks measured with the lexical factors such as 'number of strokes', 'number of consonants and vowels', 'number of syllables', 'number of morphemes', 'whole Eojeol frequency', 'root frequency', 'first-syllable-sharing frequency', and 'number of dictionary meanings.' As a result, 'whole Eojeol frequency' was the most effective factor to predict Eojeol recognition reaction time for native speakers and L2 learners, which supports the full-list model. Other lexical factors influencing Eojeol recognition reaction time in L2 learners were different following their proficiency level. (Kyung Hee University Korea University Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology Cyber Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)


Abstract Delignification with the use of monoethanolamine (MEA) is an innovative, environmentally friendly chemical pulping process that, in contrast to conventional pulping methods, works without the use of sulphur compounds. Of particular benefit is the simple MEA recovery by distillation, allowing black liquor combustion to be dispensed with and the dissolved lignin to be gained. The MEA process is suitable for pulping both hardwood (e.g. beech) and softwood (e.g. spruce). Compared with conventional processes, the MEA process has the advantage of achieving a high degree of delignification through an increase in temperature during pulping without any appreciable damage to the cellulose. When manufacturing dissolving pulps, however, this specific selectivity of MEA requires the removal of the hemicelluloses in an additional stage, preferably by acid prehydrolysis. The conditions of this prehydrolysis step must be selected specifically to be in keeping with the ultimate use of the dissolving pulp, as this stage involves the cellulose chains being chemically attacked. The residual lignin is removed after pulping in a sequence of different bleaching stages. Substituting MEA for the sodium hydroxide solution required as a bleaching alkali in the oxygen delignification stage proves to be especially beneficial, as in this case the COD after bleaching can be considerably reduced by treating the bleaching filtrate from this stage jointly with the effluents from the MEA pulping process.


The sorption of Zn vapor at 480 C onto fully dehydrated fully Cd{sup 2+}-exchanged zeolite X (Cd{sub 46}Si{sub 100}Al{sub 92}O{sub 384} per unit cell) has been studied at 23 C by single-crystal X-ray diffraction in the cubic space group Fd3 (a{sub 0} = 24.895(3) {angstrom}). In this structure, Cd{sub 46}Si{sub 100}Al{sub 92}O{sub 384}{center_dot}20Zn, Cd{sup 2+} ions are found at five nonequivalent sites, redistributed significantly from 16, 0, 30, 0, 0 in dehydrated Cd{sub 46}-X to 12, 8, 12, 6, 8 (best integers) at sites I, I{prime}, II, III{prime}, and another III{prime} respectively. The 8 Cd{sup 2+} ions at site I{prime} and 8 of the 12 Cd{sup 2+} ions at site II have captured 16 Zn atoms to form two Cd{sub 4}{sup 2+}({mu}{sub 3}-Zn{sup 0}Cd{sup 2+}Zn{sup 0}){sub 4} clusters per unit cell. The remaining four Cd{sup 2+} ions at site II have captured the remaining (about four) Zn atoms. Each Cd{sub 4}{sup 2+}({sub 3}-Zn{sup 0}Cd{sup 2+}Zn{sup 0}){sub 4} cluster has at its center interpenetrating tetrahedra of (Cd{sup 2+}){sub 4} and (Zn{sup 0}){sub 4} in the sodalite unit, with four terminal Cd{sup 2+}-Zn{sup 0} groups extending radially into the supercage from each of the above Zn{sup 0} atoms; Cd{sup 2+} ions andmore » Zn{sup 0} atoms alternate throughout. The central four Zn{sup 0} atoms form a tetrahedral Zn{sub 4}{sup 0} cluster with Zn-Zn = 2.88(4) {angstrom}, somewhat longer than the 2.66 {angstrom} distance in Zn metal, due perhaps to delocalization of bonding density to adjacent Cd{sup 2+} ions. In each Cd{sub 4}{sup 2+}({mu}{sub 3}-Zn{sup 0}Cd{sup 2+}Zn{sup 0}){sub 4} cluster, each sodalite unit Cd{sup 2+} ion has a distorted octahedral environment, 2.566(11) {angstrom} to three framework oxygens at 2.225(8) {angstrom} and axially to two Zn atoms at 2.408(23) {angstrom} and 1.97(5) {angstrom}, respectively. Each sodalite unit Zn atom coordinates tetrahedrally to four Cd{sup 2+} ions; each terminal Zn atom interacts only with one Cd{sup 2+} ion. Surprisingly, no Cd{sup 2+} ions have been reduced by Zn atoms; all Cd{sup 2+} ions are at reasonable bonding distances to framework oxygens, and all Zn atoms are far from framework oxygens. About 12 Cd{sup 2+} ions remained at site I upon Zn sorption; each coordinates octahedrally to six framework oxygens at 2.430(10) {angstrom}. About 6 + 8 = 14 Cd{sup 2+} ions have relocated to two III{prime} sites, 2.46(5) {angstrom} and 2.38(3) {angstrom}, respectively, from framework oxygens.« less


The question of whether paranormal belief was a simple unidimensional construct or a multidimensional construct was resolved to the satisfaction of most in the early 1980s by the development of the Paranormal Belief Scale (Tobacyk and Milford, 1983). The PBS presented seven independent factors of paranormal belief-Traditional Religious Belief, Psi Belief, Superstition, Spiritualism, Extraordinary Lifeforms, Precognition, and Witchcraft - and for over a decade was the psychometric tool of choice in the examination of paranormal belief and its correlates (Irwin, 1993). More recently, though, the PBS has been the focus of sustained conceptual and empirical criticism (Lawrence, 1995a, 1995b; Lawrence, Roe, & Williams, 1997). While the initial conceptual critique of the scale served to establish some potentially serious problems with the PBS (in terms of psychometric validity, factor structure, and scale construction), it was not until Lawrence et al. (1997) reported a confirmatory factor analysis of the PBS that the a priori problems associated with the PBS were shown to have real empirical significance. In essence, the Lawrence et al. (1997) study showed three things. First, Tobacyk's seven independent factor model of the PBS provided a very poor fit to a sample of 131 students' responses on the PBS. Second, Lawrence et al.'s (1997) own critically inspired Oblique Five model was a significantly better fit than Tobacyk's Big Seven. Finally, Lawrence et al. (1997) demonstrated with auxiliary analyses that the increase in model fit from the Big Seven to the Oblique Five was likely to be due primarily to the specification of correlations between the five factors in Lawrence et al.'s (1997) model (hence the oblique five). Likewise, a post hoc search for additional model parameters which might improve the fit of the oblique five model resulted in yet more correlations being "freed up" between factors - a stark affirmation that the PBS factors are correlated and not independent. Nevertheless, there is a need for further replication and cross-validation of the Lawrence et al. (1997) study before we can assuredly dismiss the Big Seven. If a new confirmatory analysis of the PBS in a different and larger sample provides a replication of the essential findings of the Lawrence et al. (1997) study, we can safely assume that researchers' views on the factor structure of that scale must be reviewed. In this paper we provide just such an attempt at an exact replication of the Lawrence et al. (1997) study. Because the replication attempted herein is so exact, we shall not go over the details of the models to be tested. Instead, we would refer the reader to the complete account given in Lawrence et al. (1997) for full details of the underlying basis for the Oblique Five and Big Orthogonal Seven. METHODS Subjects The participants were 225 students taken from four of the schools within Coventry University (Art and Design, Natural and Environmental Science, Business, and Health and Social Sciences). All participants were assessed as a group in a lecture hall, prior to the scheduled lecture. The age range was from 18 to 50, with the mean age being 20.5 years and the median age being 19. There were 118 men and 107 women. Materials All participants were issued the 26-item Revised Paranormal Belief Scale (Tobacyk, 1988), and were also asked to give their sex and age. The revised PBS has a seven-point scale for each item. Procedure Once approval from the Dean of each school had been given, Pio De Cicco arranged with the class lecturer to administer the PBS to an available class of students. All participants were given a very brief description of what was required before the PBS was handed out for completion. After completion, De Cicco thoroughly debriefed the class about the study aims, thanked them and their lecturer for their time, and departed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS A table of inter-item covariances was calculated and analyzed by the technique of maximum likelihood covariance structure analysis using EQS (Bentier, 1989). …


This paper studies the design principle of block steganographic and wet paper code algorithm;designs a new steganographic algorithm integrating block steganographic and wet paper code algorithm;and presents the design process and implementation methods in detail.Taking advantage of the block steganographic design strategy the steganographic algorithm capacity in image information can be expanded,and with steganographic code design ideas,the algorithm security can be improved.The simulation tests indicate that this new steganography algorithm has a better performance in noise ratio,anti-attack capability,steganographic capacity and other indexes.


The aim of this study is to evaluate safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Remzibey-05 pollen in terms of foraging economics of Apis mellifera (honey bees). Within the context of the study, Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower) was sown in controlled areas of BeytepeAnkara. During the flowering period of the plant, the pollen loads were collected from honey bee hives using traps. Moreover, the pollen loads were collected from corbiculae of the honey bees which had foraged on safflower. The pollen loads of the bees were firstly classified according to their color and then the origin of plants was determined in family and/or genus level in microscopic analyses. Protein content of pollen samples was determined with the Bradford method. As a result of palynological analysis, it was found that safflower was not attractive as the other plants in open field but inside the pollination cages, because it was the * Sorumlu yazar Received: 18.10.2016 e-mail: email@example.com Accepted: 07.12.2016 Sinop Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi Sinop Uni J Nat Sci 1(2): 6980 (2016)


Site U1581 (proposed Site TB-01A) is located on the deep, flat part of the Transkei Basin (35°40.8654′S, 29°39.0055′E) in 4591 m water depth. This area of the Transkei Basin shows a smooth bathymetry with water depths between 4000 and 4600 m, and no apparent dip can be recognized in the site's vicinity. The site is located on the crossing point of lines AWI-20050008 and AWI-20050014. The seismic data show that the Transkei Basin is characterised by the mounded structure of the Agulhas Drift, an elongate sediment drift about 220 m thick and rising about 200 m above the seafloor. This sequence shows a number of high amplitude internal reflections. Below the base reflector P of the Agulhas Drift, the reflection characteristics change towards lower reflectivity. The Agulhas Drift is underlain by the M Drift, a sediment drift formed during the Oligocene and Miocene (Schlüter and Uenzelmann-Neben, 2008). The M Drift shows a strike almost perpendicular to the Agulhas Drift, which is indicative of a strong change in the direction of the prevalent bottom current. Reflector M dominates the seismic image of the Oribi Drift in the middle of the sequence. Reflector E forms the base of the only up to 30 m thick seismic unit 2. Two reflectors K-T and B characterize the deepest seismic unit above rugged oceanic basement.


Never before in the history of nursing registration has there been such an increase in applications from nurses and midwives trained outside the UK. One of the main reasons for this has been the need to fill the large number of vacancies that exist. It is important not only to monitor the effects of this influx of new staff but also to evaluate and consider the ways in which it is affecting and changing professional nursing in the UK. The mechanisms for considering applications from nurses and midwives trained outside the UK are set out in statutory rules which require the UKCC to check carefully the background of each applicant.


The inspiring review oflaminar separation by Brown & Stewartson (1969) begins thus: "The phenomenon of separation is one of the most interesting features of the motion of an incompressible fluid past a bluff body at high Reynolds number. Here the main stream, which has hitherto been in close contact with the body, suddenly, and for no obvious reason, breaks away, and downstream a region of eddying flow, which is usually turbulent even if the flow elsewhere is laminar, is set up." These opening lines-which were followed by the above authors' brilliant and timely discourse emphasizing the difficulties associated with separation in classical boundary layers make an apt beginning for the present article on the current state of the art. The main feature, to which Brown & Stewarts on in fact alluded strongly, is that given the failure [due to singularities of the S. Goldstein (1948) type] in classical theory at separation, a fresh nonclassical start is necessary for high-Reynolds-number theory to encompass separating flow. This start was made by Stewartson & Williams (1969), Neiland (1969), and Messiter (1970). Our aim is to go from the significant advances made since 1969 to the recent developments and the possible areas of progress in the near future for the rational theory 'of steady and unsteady separation. The physical and theoretical understanding that can emerge from the study of flow structures at large characteristic Reynolds numbers Re is valuable for many reasons. Three major ones are the helpful comparisons with experiments and numerical results, the foundation such study gives to


In ancient times the town of Adulis, Eritrea, was one of the most important harbours on the Red Sea and a fundamental gateway within the network of cultural and trade exchange between Mediterranean and Oriental civilizations. Ancient literary sources frequently refer to Adulis, which was destroyed and abandoned during the 8th century and rediscovered at the beginning of 19th century. Excavations led by various researches were carried out intermittently since 1867 up to the 1960s; in particular extensive excavations were conducted by Paribeni in 1906. In 2011 the archaeological and research activities started again, directed by Ce.R.D.O., in cooperation with the Eritrean Government, the National Museum of Asmara, The Regional Museum of Massawa, the Catholic University of Milan, the Politecnico of Milan, the "L'Orientale" University of Naples, the Museum of Rovereto. The research, also funded by the Italian Foreign Ministry, aimed at the valorisation of the ancient town, including the creation of an archaeological park. This paper outlines how the choice of the appropriate technologies in the fi elds of survey, documentation and analysis, can support various aspects and task of the project. The case study of Adulis has been a rich opportunity to test methodologies and practices about collection and management of data and knowledge related to various aspects and for different users, producing clear and easy-to-use information for complex archaeological sites. As in many other cases, the management of this site, besides facing logistical issues, has to deal with the involvement of experts from differing branches, each of which normally adopts its own strategies and tools in managing information. In order to maximize the richness of the data collected and its interpretation, the main benefi t of this approach is to provide the entire team with a clear exhaustive framework and knowledge receptacle in a familiar environment.


IUCN categories of threat (Endangered Vulnera- ble, Rare, Indeterminate, and others) are widely used in 'Red lists' of endangered species and have become an important tool in conservation action at international, national, re- gional, and thematic levels. The existing definitions are largely subjective, and as a result, categorizations made by different authorities diyfer and my not accurately reflect actual extinction risks. We present proposals to redefine cat- egories in tams of the probability of extinction within a specific time perio4 based on the theory of extinction times for single populations and on meaningful time scales for conservation action. Three categories are proposed (CRITI- CAL, ENDANGE-, VULNERABLE) with decreasing levels of threat over increasing time scales for species estimated to have at least a 10% probability of extinction within 100 years. The process of assigning species to categories may need to vay among different taxonomic groups, but we present some simple qualitative criteria based on population biol- ogy theory, which we suggest are appropriate at least for most large vertebrates. The process of assessing threat is clearly distinguished from that of setting priorities for con- servation action, and only the former is discussed here.


The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method combined with spectral ellipsometry was used to study the chemically formed octadecanthiol (ODT) monolayer on a gold film in Kretchmann configuration. Measurements were made with a commercial spectral ellipsometer GES-5 (SOPRA). The optical constants of an Au film and ODT at 1000 nm wavelength were determined by the best fit procedure from experimental data (Au: n = 0.202, k = 5.970 and ODT: n = 1.4, k = 0). Combination of the SPR method with advantages of phase measurements of ellipsometry demonstrated a substantial increase in sensitivity (more than one order of magnitude) compared with conventional ellipsometry.


Background and Objectives: The occurrence of low back pain of short duration and without positive clinical findings is high. 15% and 30% of the population suffer from this condition. Young working adults are most commonly affected by this condition. Aim of this study is to assess the necessity of plain radiography of lumbosacral spine in diagnosing and treating young patients presenting in Orthopaedic outpatient department with low back pain of short duration without history of trauma and no positive clinical findings.
Methods: We prospectively studied 500 young patients of age between 25 to 40 years presenting with low back pain of less than 3 months duration without any history of trauma and no positive clinical finding. We excluded patients with history of trauma, fever, patients with radiating pain, neurodeficit, Patients with bladder/bowel complaints and Patients with any other systemic disorder. All these patients received standard treatment in the form of short term medication, postural training and application of ergonomic principles while working.
Results: 64% of the patients recovered fully within 2 weeks of treatment. 36% of the patients were not relieved hence Lumbosacral spine radiographs were performed after 2 weeks of treatment. Positive findings on radiographs were early degenerative changes and loss of lumbar lordosis due to para-spinal muscle spasm, seen in 9.7%of the patients in whom radiographs were performed. These radiographic changes were not indicative of different modality of treatment, hence we continued the same treatment and further31% of the patients were recovered fully after 4 weeks of treatment.
Interpretation and Conclusions: Performing lumbo-sacral radiographs does not have any influence on treatment or outcome in young patients presenting with low back pain of less than 3 months duration without any history of trauma and no positive clinical finding.

Key words: Low back pain, Lumbosacral spine radiograph


A smartphone app using deep learning artificial neural networks ("artificial intelligence") was developed for the Florida citrus industry to identify multiple pest, disease, and nutrient deficiency symptoms on leaves. The prototype app achieved encouraging accuracy of 89%, which will be improved with more data and training.  Smartphone apps will not replace conventional leaf nutrient or disease testing in laboratories for the foreseeable future. Instead, they will increase the availability of expert in-field advice, in the palm of any user's hand.


As our society ages, age-related diseases assume increasing prominence as both personal and public health concerns. Disorders of cognition are particularly important in both regards, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is by far the most common cause of dementia of aging. In 2000, the prevalence of AD in the United States was estimated to be 4.5 million individuals, and this number has been projected to increase to 14 million by 2050 1. While AD is not an inevitable consequence of aging, these numbers speak to the dramatic scope of its impact. This review will focus on AD as well as the milder degrees of cognitive impairment that may precede the clinical diagnosis of probable AD such as mild cognitive impairment 2.


We treat feature selection and basis selection in a unified framework by introducing the masking matrix. If one considers feature selection as finding a binary mask vector that determines which features participate in the learning process, and similarly, basis selection as finding a binary mask vector that determines which basis vectors are needed for the learning process, then the masking matrix is, in particular, the outer product of the feature masking vector and the basis masking vector. This representation allows for a joint estimation of both features and basis. In addition, it allows one to select features that appear in only part of the basis functions. This joint selection of feature/basis subset is not possible when using feature selection and basis selection algorithms independently, thus, the masking matrix help extend feature and basis selection methods while blurring the lines between them. The problem of searching for an optimal masking matrix is NP-hand and we offer a sub-optimal probabilistic method to find it. In particular we demonstrate our ideas on the problem of feature and basis selection for SVM classification and show results for the problem of image classification on faces and vehicles.


Purpose
University research and academic laboratory facilities are key elements in the support of a successful education and research experience. World-class universities consider the functionality of these facilities as a matter of high priority. The functionality of research and academic laboratory facilities is strongly linked to the productivity of students, teachers and researchers who use these facilities. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the functional performance of eight university laboratories using the space syntax approach.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology involved the measurements and drawing of as-built floor plans of selected academic and research laboratories. The main benchmarks involved in measuring the functional efficiency, such as mean depth (MD) of space and real relative asymmetry (RRA), were analyzed using the A-graph software and Microsoft Excel spreadsheets.

Findings
The results show that "Type D" (chemistry teaching laboratory) and "Type C" (concrete teaching/research laboratory) laboratories have the tendency to be more accessible, efficient and flexible compared to the other laboratory layouts with MD and RRA values of 5.947 and 3.472, and 4.287 and 1.674, respectively.

Practical implications
This study shows that the functional efficiency of academic and research laboratories can be influenced by the spatial configuration of the space, as presented by the space syntax theory. Space syntax benchmark elements, such as MD, RRA, R and H*, can be used to compare various spatial arrangements, and the results can inform decisions on ways to re-arrange the space for optimum efficiency.

Originality/value
It is hoped that the idea of space syntax theory in the evaluation of the functional efficiency of laboratory facilities, illustrated in this research, is of significant contribution to the enhancement of the research and educational experience of concerned stakeholders in teaching and research environments.


Aim: This study was aimed to investigate the racial and ethnic differences in age specific references range of serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) among healthy Indian Hindu and Muslim males and its comparison with Asian population.
Method: The present study was done at Medanta-The Medicity on 1300 adult Indian male patients who were visiting in the executive health checkup package. Out of 1300 subjects, 1060 healthy subjects were Hindus and 193 were Muslims without any prostate disease ranging from age 19-97 years, while rest 47 were excluded due to some urological diseases. Statistical analysis was carried out. Mean + SD, median and the central 95 percentile were calculated for each age group.
Result: The age specific reference range of serum PSA values in healthy Hindu males is 0.69 ng/ml in those younger than 40 years; 0.83 ng/ml in 40-49 years; 1.13 ng/ml in 50-59 yrs group; 1.46 ng/ml in 60-69 yrs group; 1.83 ng/ml in men's older than 70 years age group. Whereas the age specific reference range of serum PSA values in healthy Muslim males is 0.86 in those younger than 40 years; 1.01 ng/ml in 40-49 years; 1.41 ng/ml in 50-59 yrs group; 1.70 ng/ml in 60-69 yrs group; 2.92 ng/ml in men's older than 70 years age group.
Conclusion: Present study highlighted the age-specific reference range of serum PSA in Healthy Hindu Males are on lower side as compared to Muslim males. The data also suggested that the PSA levels are associated with increasing age.


The aim of this article is to present the differences between the different flows on the labor market in the Czech Republic. The problem is significant economically, socially and politically. The empirical part of the study focuses on the quantification of so-called churn. The specific features of the Czech Republic's churn include the fact that the overall churn has an anti-cyclical character in the Czech Republic, and that in the period of growth of the total churn, the share of wages and salaries in total in GDP at current prices has increased, which is both contrary to the conclusions of world research. The revival of the economy is accompanied by an increase in total churn, but it does not lead to an increase in wages and salaries resulting from company-to-business movements, as would be the case with economic theory.


The goal of this research was to understand the fundamental mechanics that drive the deformation and failure of shape memory alloys (SMAs). SMAs are difficult materials to characterize because of the complex phase transformations that give rise to their unique properties, including shape memory and superelasticity. These phase transformations occur across multiple length scales (one example being the martensite-austenite twinning that underlies macroscopic strain localization) and result in a large hysteresis. In order to optimize the use of this hysteretic behavior in energy storage and damping applications, we must first have a quantitative understanding of this transformation behavior. Prior results on shape memory alloys have been largely qualitative (i.e., mapping phase transformations through cracked oxide coatings or surface morphology). The PI developed and utilized new approaches to provide a quantitative, full-field characterization of phase transformation, conducting a comprehensive suite of experiments across multiple length scales and tying these results to theoretical and computational analysis. The research funded by this award utilized new combinations of scanning electron microscopy, diffraction, digital image correlation, and custom testing equipment and procedures to study phase transformation processes at a wide range of length scales, with a focus at small length scales with spatial resolution onmore » the order of 1 nanometer. These experiments probe the basic connections between length scales during phase transformation. In addition to the insights gained on the fundamental mechanisms driving transformations in shape memory alloys, the unique experimental methodologies developed under this award are applicable to a wide range of solid-to-solid phase transformations and other strain localization mechanisms.« less


For a presentation to the American College of Surgeons in November 1988, we reviewed the literature concerning primary management of glomus tympanicum and jugulare tumors. From the published series, we examined the local control and treatment‐related morbidity for three therapeutic approaches: surgery alone, radiation before or after surgery, and radiation alone. The local control rates were similar, 86%, 90%, and 93%, respectively. Among the surgical series reporting complications, new cranial nerve deficits were common, especially with advanced lesions. Serious sequelae from radiation therapy were rare (2% to 3%). We feel radiation therapy should be considered as primary treatment for glomus jugulare.


The work is focusing on the main proportions and correlations which are being set up between the major macroeconomic indicators. This is the general frame for the analysis of the relations between the Gross Domestic Product growth rate and the unemployment rate; the interaction between the inflation rate and the unemployment rate; the connection between the GDP growth rate and the inflation rate. Within the analysis being performed, a particular attention is paid to i?½the basic relationship of the economic growthi?½ by emphasizing the possibilities as to a factorial analysis of the macroeconomic development, mainly as far as the Gross Domestic Product is concerned. At this point, the authors are introducing the mathematical relations, which are used for modeling the macroeconomic correlations, hence the strictness of the analysis being performed.


The Brisbane City Council has the responsibility for the provision of storm water drainage systems within its area. These systems are required to perform satisfactorily for the disposal of storm water run-off, to be maintained at reasonable cost and to be aesthetically and environmentally acceptable. In order to plan better and take advantage of the significant opportunities that exist in and around Brisbane the Council decided to initiate a strategy plan for the management of its waterways. The paper describes the setting of Council requirements for a study by consultants, the resulting plan and the means by which the strategy is being implemented.


ABSTRACT Elizabeth Hinde received a Bachelor of Science majoring in physics and chemistry from the Australian National University in Canberra, followed by a Master of Arts in painting conservation and a PhD in fluorescence spectroscopy at the University of Melbourne. She then moved to the University of California at Irvine, USA, to work as a postdoctoral fellow with Enrico Gratton on quantitative imaging of protein diffusion within the nucleus. In 2013, Elizabeth returned to Australia and joined the research group of Katharina Gaus at the University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, with a Vice-Chancellor Fellowship and subsequently established her own research group at UNSW with a Cancer Institute NSW Early Career Fellowship. In 2017, Elizabeth moved to the University of Melbourne as an NHMRC Career Development Fellow within the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Institute, and has recently moved to the School of Physics as the Jacob Haimson Beverley Mecklenburg Lecturer. Her research focuses on fluorescence microscopy methods to quantify live-cell nuclear organisation and the role chromatin dynamics play in maintaining genome function.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of cisplatin and talc powder to malignant pleural effusion by injection with thoracic drainage tube. Methods There were fifty-eight patients with final pathologic diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion. After thoracic drainage was made thoroughly, they were randomly separated to treatment group and control group. First, each case was respectively injected with cisplatin 80 mg into pleural cavity. 1 week later, each patient in the treatment group was injected with 3% talc powder suspl 100 ml and cisplatin 80 mg. The control group was merely repeated with cisplatin 80 mg. The therapeutic effects, quality of life, survival rate, and side effect were surveyed. Results Overall response rate for the treatment group had an significant advantage than that in the controls (80% to 46% P0.01). The quality of life in the treatment group was also better. The survival rate!of treatment group was also significantly higher than that in the control group in half a year and one year later (97% to 68%, and 57% to 46%) respectively for the treatment and control groups: P0.05). Conclusion Draining the fluid completely followed by intracavity injection of cisplatin and talc powder is an effective and economic treatment method with slight side effect for malignant pleural effusion.


Bifilar coil is one of the most significant components for high temperature superconducting (HTS) fault current limiters (FCLs). We studied a bifilar stack composed of two coated conductors (CCs) without ferromagnetic substrate, where upper and lower conductors carry current in opposite directions. Three bifilar stack arrangements were designed, depending on the adjacent CCs facing each other by HTS to substrate side (H-S), HTS to HTS side (H-H), or substrate to substrate side (S-S). Numerical calculations, by means of a B-dependent E-J power-law relation and non-uniformity $J_{\mathrm {c}}$ distribution along tape width, were carried out to investigate the effect of stack arrangements mentioned above on AC loss reduction and the dependence of AC loss value on bifilar turn number N.


In this study, the consumer's perspective of Instagram is examined. Using qualitative research methods, the underlying motives to use Instagram, the ways in which Instagram is used, and the drivers of brand attractiveness on Instagram are identified. The results show that consumers follow brands on Instagram because of five important motives: positive attitude, gathering latest information, experience, inspiration and identification. These motives help to establish two user groups, buyers and recreational users, to which the consumers belong. Most consumers use Instagram daily, which consists of several short usage moments. This behavior is mostly applicable to young adults. With new insights into Instagram usage, two additional user groups are established: heavy users and occasional users. Furthermore, three tiers of drivers of brand attractiveness are distinguished, which have a different amount of importance for determining the brand attractiveness. This study contributes to the current stream of literature on social media marketing by laying a foundation for the research on Instagram, which is currently lacking.


Submitted for the HAW14 Meeting of The American Physical Society Characterization of Large Diameter PMTs for Kaon Cerenkov Detector1 DEREK BOYLAN, University of Virginia — The 12GeV upgrade at the Jefferson Laboratory allows for unique new opportunities to study hadron structure through kaon production in Hall C, a threshold aerogel detector was constructed at the Catholic University of America. It uses the emission of Cerenkov radiation at different indices of refraction ranging from 1.03 to 1.01 to distinguish pions, kaons, and protons. An important aspect of this detector is the collection of very small amounts of light, in particular as the aerogel refractive index decreases. The Hall C aerogel detector uses the Photonis XP4500 large-diameter photomultiplier tubes (PMT) in order to detect these small traces of light. The purpose of this project is to explore the performance of alternative large-diameter PMTs and compares them to that of the XP4500. The PMT uniformity across the photocathode was characterized through scans along the surface of the PMT with a low-intensity, focused LED, thereby creating a 3D image of the gain at each section. The method of scanning consists of a two axis step motor moving an LED light source on a 100 x 100 grid parallel to the face of the PMT, with 30 pulses of light from the LED at each step. The step motor scans with a resolution of 1.2 mm. Scans conducted in this manner result in high resolution images which pick up most sensitive/non-sensitive spots on the photocathode. In this presentation I will present the results of the characterization and performance test of the XP4500 and comparison to alternative large-diameter PMT models. 1Supported in part by NSF grants PHY-1306227 and PHY-1039446. Derek Boylan University of Virginia Date submitted: 25 Jul 2014 Electronic form version 1.4


In December 2015, Unite – Britain's largest trade union – called on the UK government to investigate the 'secretive machinations of private equity firms' following the near-collapse of Fairline Boats, a Northamptonshire yacht-builder employing well over 400 people.1 Unite's demands were not new: as the economic influence of private equity firms has increased in Europe over the last few decades, so have the calls from unions, politicians and the media for regulators to intervene.


Background: diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) permits non-invasive assessment of tumor characteristics.
 Aim of the work: this study was aimed to emphasize the role of DWI in assessing aggressiveness of rectal cancer with the histopathological correlation.
 Patients and methods: this was a prospective study that included thirty patients with histopathological proved rectal carcinoma referred from the Surgical Department, Ain Shams University Hospitals to the MRI Radiology Unit for Rectal Cancer Staging.
 Pelvic MRI study with conventional sequences and DWI were performed.
 Results: 81% of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (ADC) (grade II) showed restricted diffusion with low signals in ADC sequence, while none of the poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (grade III) showed restricted diffusion with high signals in ADC sequence (T2 shin-through). There was a high statistically significant difference in characterization of poorly (grade III) and moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas (grade II).
 Conclusion: significant correlations were detected between mean ADC values and differentiation grade. ADC may be useful as an imaging tool for re-staging of tumor aggressiveness, but it cannot serve as an independent tool for primary staging of rectal cancer.


The synthetic aperture technique can not be used to improve azimuth resolution in forward-looking mode or real aperture radar systems. In this paper, an improved High-Frequency-Raised (HFR) algorithm is introduced to enhance the azimuth resolution of radar systems. The super-resolution performance of the proposed algorithm depends on the raise coefficient and is different for different equivalent antenna patterns. Simulation and experimental results validate the capability of the improved HFR algorithm.