The change of the English curriculum in Malaysia is no longer foreign and has brought about mixed opinions from different parties. Teachers being the main executor of the new curriculum should be given more channels to have their opinions known. The implementation of CEFR is entering its Phase 3, where feedback from in-service teachers is need for feedback and documentation. Several studies were conducted; however those only covered teachers from West Malaysia. The importance of teachers' voices of English teachers East Malaysia should not be over shadowed. This paper covers the teachers' perceptions on the implementation of CEFR in the Malaysian ESL classroom. This study was conducted among 105 English teachers from Sibu, Sarawak. Sarawak is known for being the largest state in Malaysia. The Questionnaire is used as the tool for data collection with a 6 Likert scale through goggle form. SPSS version 23 was used to analyzed and tabulate the data. The result shows that English teachers are showing positive responses with the implementation of CEFR. However, teachers show challenges encountered during the administration of CEFR, including lack of materials, students' familiarity and new approach familiarity. Suggestions for further research should focus on upper secondary English teachers as it was implemented in early 2020.


Economic sanctions are one of the most common foreign policy tools. Despite their widespread use, there is little empirical evidence and much debate about how sanctions affect countries'behavior. In this study, I investigate whether sanctions affect future military behavior. I look at the effects of sanctioning a country involved in a militarized dispute on the probability that the sanctioned country will be involved in a militarized dispute in the future. I use the Correlates of War data on militarized interstate disputes and Hufbauer et al.'s data on economic sanctions and find that a country involved in a dispute is less likely to participate in another dispute in the future if it was sanctioned by a large country or by large group of countries. ∗contact: firstname.lastname@example.com. I would like to thank Martin Feldstein for his great support with this project. I am extremely grateful to Hanley Chiang, David Cutler, Jeffry Frieden, Alexander Gelber, Caroline Hoxby, Gary Hufbauer, Giacomo Ponzetto, Andrei Shleifer, and to the audiences of the NBER summer institute, Peterson Institute research lunch, Harvard labor student research seminar, PACDEV conference, and the NBER national security working group for extremely valuable comments. I am also grateful to the Starr Fellowship donors for funding my research and to Gary Hufbauer for kindly sharing his data with me. Data on economic sanctions used with permission of the Peterson Institute for International Economics. Copyright 2007. All rights reserved.


This report outlines and describes an alternative model of population IEC (information education and communication) development that increases the responsibility of the organizational committee. The proposed IEC project developed for Mauritius has been approved by the government and submitted to the UN Population Fund for funding. The longterm objective of the project is to contribute to the efficiency effectiveness and impact of IEC programs that support family health and welfare especially population and family planning efforts. While the proposal is ultimately relevant only in the context of Mauritius several of its management and organization concepts merit assessment. After an introductory section the report presents an annotated version of major sections of the project proposal. It is concluded that the significance of this innovative and relatively inexpensive (less than $50000 for the first phase) project is significant in organizational and management terms for the following reasons: 1) it coordinates IEC development by establishing a task force that represents the dominant IEC actors 2) it devolves responsibility for all aspects of all national population IEC activities in order to foster self-reliance and lead to self-sustainability 3) it decentralizes organization and management decision-making and places total accountability with one functional body and 4) it centralizes functions to foster achievement and performance as criteria for subsequent funding.


A fish biomass growth model is developed based on the bioenergetics which is then combined with the zooplankton biomass growth model to form a prey predator relationship. The mortality of zooplankton is linked with the food consumption of fish through the energy content of the food and the caloric value of zooplankton, thus quanti fying the zooplankton biomass depletion. These models were combined with the phytoplankton model to observe the phytoplankton variation in the lake. All parameters for fish model were implemented for the bluegill and single species of zooplankton (cladocerans) representing the total biomass was assumed. The simulated results were compared with the laboratory data collected from the published literatures. The simulation results of fish and zooplankton biomass were fairly compatible with the laboratory and field data. The total amount of food, in terms of zooplankton, that the fish required during the summer was found to be much less than the existing zooplankton concentration showing significan tly low predation pressure. However the food requirement was much higher in spring, depleting the zooplankton concentration severely.


The main responsibility and duty of government employees is to serve the nation. We have proposed a combination of cloud computing solution and data mining to the third world countries to better serve the nations. We have focused data/statistics gathered from Pakistan as exemplary data. There are four provincial governments of Pakistan headed by the Chief Ministers and ministries/departments are headed by the ministers/department heads. Having the up to date and accurate information on finger tips is headache for the stakeholders as the existing system is manual (Paper) work. The main objective of the proposed solution is to provide the up to date and accurate information (knowledge) to the stakeholders on their finger tips providing them a dashboard displaying the information with the drill down/up facility to get information of the own will. The proposed solution is intended to be used by the governments of third world countries to better serve the nations. However; the proposed solution is quite in general and can be easily adopted by the private organizations currently using individual information systems at different locations.


The effects of external fields on the retrieval properties of highly dilute attractor neural networks with general classes of learning rules are examined. It can be shown that external fields increase basins of attraction making even perfect retrieval possible for relatively high loading. The application of different classes of noise distributions on the stimulus field indicates that certain first-order transitions occurring are peculiarities of the type of noise. Optimally adapted networks in the presence of external fields extend the critical loading above which perfect retrieval is impossible. In the presence of external fields in the high-temperature regime, Hebb networks also retrieve better than rules with more optimal performances at low temperatures.


The introduction of transformer-based language models has been a revolutionary step for natural language processing (NLP) research. These models, such as BERT, GPT and ELECTRA, led to state-of-the-art performance in many NLP tasks. Most of these models were initially developed for English and other languages followed later. Recently, several Arabic-specific models started emerging. However, there are limited direct comparisons between these models. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of 24 of these models on Arabic sentiment and sarcasm detection. Our results show that the models achieving the best performance are those that are trained on only Arabic data, including dialectal Arabic, and use a larger number of parameters, such as the recently released MARBERT. However, we noticed that AraELECTRA is one of the top performing models while being much more efficient in its computational cost. Finally, the experiments on AraGPT2 variants showed low performance compared to BERT models, which indicates that it might not be suitable for classification tasks.


The tricyclic lactams 20 and 21 have been synthesized using iminium ion cyclisations and formation of the third ring via halogen metal exchange; oxidation of the lactam 22 using lead(IV) acetate gave the tetracyclic ether 27 regioselectively.


Cyclo (-Tyr-Arg-) (I) and its three stereoisomers, in which one (or both) of the constitutive amino acids was replaced by the corresponding D-amino acid, were synthesized. Diketopiperazines were prepared from dipeptide methyl esters by the use of acetic acid as a catalyst. When administered intracerebrally into mice, I exhibited more potent analgesia than its three stereoisomers, and its activity was five times more potent than that of H-Tyr-Arg-OH. The positions of the two side chains of diketopiperazines are discussed on the basis of the proton magnetic resonance spectral data.


The experience of pain is characterized by tremendous inter-individual variability. Multiple biological and psychosocial variables contribute to these individual differences in pain, including demographic variables, genetic factors, and psychosocial processes. For example, sex, age and ethnic group differences in the prevalence of chronic pain conditions have been widely reported. Moreover, these demographic factors have been associated with responses to experimentally-induced pain. Similarly, both genetic and psychosocial factors contribute to clinical and experimental pain responses. Importantly, these different biopsychosocial influences interact with each other in complex ways to sculpt the experience of pain. Some genetic associations with pain have been found to vary across sex and ethnic group. Moreover, genetic factors also interact with psychosocial factors, including stress and pain catastrophizing, to influence pain. The individual and combined influences of these biological and psychosocial variables results in a unique mosaic of factors that contributes pain in each individual. Understanding these mosaics is critically important in order to provide optimal pain treatment, and future research to further elucidate the nature of these biopsychosocial interactions is needed in order to provide more informed and personalized pain care.


Abstract : Acceleration stress conditions were imposed on four healthy subjects riding the human centrifuge. Blood biochemical analyses were performed on all subjects, with the demonstration of an increase in blood glucose following centrifugation in three of the four subjects, two of whom developed 'blackout'. All four subjects developed 'greyout'. The changes in blood sugar may suggest a relationship between epinephrine secretion and graduated acceleration stress resulting in physiological changes in the subject. Changes in pooled plasma phospholipid fractions were demonstrated in blood samples obtained before and following acceleration; these changes suggest that acceleration may interfere with intracellular energy transfer mechanisms involving phosphorylated compounds associated with oxidative metabolism. The preliminary results of the pilot project indicate that further biochemical measurements may be desirable in assessing acceleration tolerance in man. (Author)


We have developed a GaAs FET power amplifier that demonstrated a high power-added efficiency of 68% with 17.1 W output power and a 16 dB linear gain at 1.5 GHz. The developed 17 W amplifier also exhibited state of the art low distortion characteristics of less than -21 dBc NPR (Noise Power Ratio) at the 5 dB-output power back-off point from 2 dB-gain compression point. These excellent results are performed by optimizing the drain bias circuit as well as the internal matching network.


The transmission of string vibration forces to the violin belly by the bridge is modulated by two principal bridge resonances around 3KHz and 6 KHz, frequency bands critical to tone perception by the human hearing system. Much music acoustics research has dealt with these bridge modes (and those of the 'cello and bass) and their influence on the excitation of the corpus modes at the bridge feet. This analytical treatment of the string to corpus transmission by the bridge is necessarily complex, but reveals factors in the process which explain the action of the different strings through the bridge and the levels of corpus mode excitation amplified by the bridge modes. The theoretical predictions are tested against experimental responses with normal bridges and bridges blocked to eliminate the two important modes.


The ab initio crystal density, bond topological and explosive properties of the energetic molecule 2-methyl-5-nitraminotetrazole (MNAT) have been calculated by the MOLPAK/PMIN software and the AIM theory. The density predicted from the crystal structure simulation almost matches the experimental density. The geometrical parameters of the molecule lifted from the crystal structure are in very close agreement with the reported X-ray molecular structure. The bond topological analysis predicts a significantly low bond electron density, as well as a less Laplacian of electron density, for the N–NO2 bond. The Laplacian for the bond to the attached methyl group, the C(2)–N(2) bond, is also found to be less negative; the less negative values of the Laplacian confirms that these are the weakest bonds in the molecule. The impact sensitivity (h50) of the molecule has been calculated, and is almost equal to the reported experimental value. The sensitivity of the molecule was also estimated from the electrostatic imbalance parameter and has the value ν = 0.242. The isosurface of the electrostatic potential of the molecule displays a high negative electrostatic potential region around the tetrazole ring and the nitramine N–N bond, which are the possible reactive locations in the molecule.


Mao Zedong's education thought is a solid combination of the essence of western education,the soul of Marxist ideological education,and the experience of the Chinese educational practice during the crystallization of revolution and construction.It has three theoretical and practical characters,which are distinct people-oriented concept,theory and practice style,alien and restoration of the major development trend of combining alienation and restoration,which is the power source and preservative of Mao Zedong's Educational thought.


Until definitive evidence of the effectiveness of prostate cancer screening is available, most guidelines advocate that men make their own decisions about testing, after being fully informed. A man's perception of his personal risk is a key element in the decision‐making process. In this decision‐making, the current routine use of population risk estimates may be misleading. Risk estimates need to be relevant to the man making the choice. In particular, they should be age‐specific and, where possible, include adjustments for known risk factors such as family history. As an example, although the population risk of lung cancer mortality is twice that of prostate cancer, for a non‐smoking man with a family history of prostate cancer the direction of this comparison would be reversed. A man aged 50 diagnosed with prostate cancer has a greater likelihood (60%) of dying prematurely (before 80 years) from prostate cancer than a man diagnosed when aged 70 (38%). This can be attributed to the longer time available for the prostate cancer to progress, and the increased effect of competing causes of death among older men. This suggests that the oft‐used statement "men are more likely to die with prostate cancer than from prostate cancer" is misleading, particularly for men diagnosed in their 50s or 60s. Decisions need to be made by men based on the best possible understanding of their personal vulnerability, and the individualisation of risk provides a more realistic appraisal of potential threat posed by the disease.


A 64-year-old man underwent orthotopic liver transplantation due to hepatocellular carcinoma on liver cirrhosis diagnosed 2 years earlier. Three months after transplantation surgery, he presented with jaundice, and a cholangio magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a biliary anastomosis stricture with marked kinking and retrograde dilatation. A multidisciplinary committee decided on an endoscopic approach. Initially, retrograde biliary cannulation by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was attempted, but advancement of different guidewires through the biliary anastomosis was not possible. The use of peroral digital single-operator cholangioscopy helped us to visualize a complex biliary stricture, which explained why it had not been possible to advance any kind of guidewire into the intrahepatic ducts (▶Fig. 1). A 0.018-inch guidewire (Novagold; Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) was inverted with the purpose of using the non-flexible end as a fine needle. This stiff end was successfully inserted under cholangioscopy/fluoroscopy guidance through the closed anastomosis, similarly to a needle (▶Fig. 2, ▶Fig. 3). After this maneuver, the guidewire was restored to its standard position, with the flexible end now able to advance through the anastomosis following the needle-like puncture (▶Video 1). Finally, endoscopic maximal stent therapy (MST) was initiated. First, balloon dilation up to 8mm was performed, followed by successful placement of three plastic stents (Advanix 10 Fr, 8.5 Fr, and 7 Fr × 12 cm; Boston Scientific) as the first session of a 1-year MST program (▶Fig. 4). This case of post-liver transplant biliary stricture was resolved using cholangioscopy/fluoroscopy guidance and a guidewire technical variant. The utility of digital single-operator cholangioscopy for the endoscopic management of biliary strictures after liver transplantation has been published previously [1, 2]. However, use of the non-flexible end of a 0.018-inch guidewire as a method of crossing a complete biliary stenosis has not been previously reported. Endoscopy_UCTN_Code_TTT_1AR_2AZ E-Videos


The distribution and ultrastructure of sensilla on the antenna of nymphae,pupae and adults of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (western flower thrips) were observed under scanning electron microscope. The antennae contained four types of antennal sensilla,i.e. sensilla trichodea,sensilla basiconica (including six subtypes),sensilla U-shaped,and sensilla cheatica (including three subtypes). The length and the segment number of antenna,and the number and types of sensilla were significantly different in different developmental stages. The number and types were least in pupae,while it was highest in adults. The sensilla U-shaped was only found on adult antenna. There was difference in the length and the tip of the antennae,the L sensilla basiconca and sensilla cheatica between females and males.


A 74-year-old woman presented with vaginal vault prolapse and stress urinary incontinence following total abdominal hysterectomy for menorrhagia 17 years earlier. Her symptoms initially improved with pelvic floor muscle training, but she re-presented with worsening symptoms. On examination, there was a large cystocoele, rectocoele and enterocoele, with marked vault prolapse and normal anal sphincter tone. Urodynamic studies confirmed severe stress incontinence. She had sacrocolpopexy, tension free vaginal tape (TVT) insertion and a posterior repair with a small perineorrhaphy in 2004. Adhesions between the rectosigmoid and the posterior vaginal wall were released by sharp dissection. A Bard polytetraflouroethylene (PTFE) mesh was attached to the vaginal vault and secured extraperitoneally to the sacral promontory with Ethibond polyester sutures. The TVT insertion and posterior repair were uncomplicated at the time. Postoperatively, she continued to complain of delayed micturition. She was subjected to urethral dilatation and division of the TVT 8 weeks later. On review in the clinic 6 months later, she reported an improvement in symptoms. She presented to the A&E department 4 years later with severe abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. She had tenderness, rebound and guarding in the hypogastrium. Bowel sounds were reduced. An erect chest X-ray showed sub-diaphragmatic air and a CT scan of the abdomen confirmed free intraperitoneal air with a small amount of pelvic free fluid. These features were suggestive of bowel perforation. At laparotomy a perforated recto-sigmoid colon was found with the colpopexy sling at the site of perforation, enmeshed in multiple adhesions. There was free faeces in the pelvis. Hartmann's procedure was done (surgical resection of the rectosigmoid colon with closure of the rectal stump and colostomy) with pelvic washout and removal of the mesh. Histology showed a 30 mm perforation within the 22 cm area of sigmoid colon that was excised. The serosa at the site of perforation was covered by inflammatory exudate but the rest of the colonic mucosa was normal. There was no diverticular disease or neoplasia within the sample sent. Microscopy showed acute inflammatory cell infiltrates on the serosal surface adjacent to the perforated mucosa. The absence of any other pathology to account for the perforation and the proximity of the mesh led the surgical team to conclude that the perforation had been caused by erosion of the PTFE mesh originally used for sacrocolpopexy. She presented shortly afterwards with vaginal bleeding. There was no evidence of vault prolapse at this point, despite the removal of the mesh and the vaginal bleeding was attributed to atrophic vaginitis. The Hartman's procedure was reversed and a transverse colostomy performed. She is awaiting closure of the transverse colostomy.


Brazil was recently the scenario of a great tragedy in the fire at Kiss nightclub, where 242 people were killed. The starting point of the fire was the use of a pyrotechnic device over an acoustic coating made of polyurethane foam. The causalities were caused mainly by asphyxia and inhalation of toxic gases in a very fast smoke expansion. However, several additional causes contributed to the amount of damage and human losses. The accident investigations emphasized the necessity to discuss details in the applicable Brazilian legislation. In this work, the tragedy of Kiss nightclub is presented and the some of their mainly aspects discussed. The Brazilian standard (ABNT NBR 9077) to determine the dimension of emergency exits is also presented. Then, a computational simulation of evacuation process in an environment externally similar to Kiss nightclub with different width exits and populations is performed using the software Fuga. It was found that, in spite of the configurations of Kiss nightclub have had a fundamental role in tragedy, the current Brazilian standard was not appropriate for the design of such environment and should not have been used. Moreover, clear and more rigorous standards also need to be further discussed, particularly for panic situations. At the end, some considerations are made in order to improve the standards about the dimensioning of emergency exits.


This study was conducted to generate a toxicological profile of Rapanea melanophloeos , a medicinal plant widely utilized in traditional medicine to treat helminthiasis,using brine shrimp ( Artemia salina ) and Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. The aqueous extract showed potent in vitro toxicity to brine shrimp with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 59.37μg/ml, while the extract chloroformic extract did not exhibit potent in vitro toxicity (LC50 of 1250 μg/ml), after exposure for 24 h. The acute toxicity study in rats indicated the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) of the aqueous extract to be 300mg/kg and 500mg/kg respectively, 24 h after single dosing. These values were lower than those of the chloroformic extract which had a NOAEL of 500mg/kg and a LOAEL of 1000mg/kg. The median lethal doses (LD50) of both extracts were above 7500mg/kg. The most overt signs of toxicity for both the aqueous and chloroformic extracts were depression, inactivity and somnolence, delayed reaction to stimuli, lethargy, piloerection and lackluster eyes. Recovery was complete in 24 h. Necropsy of the animals that died at the highest dose of both extracts revealed general congestion and enlargement of the liver, spleen and kidneys. There was mucoid content in the gastrointestinal tract of the animals dosed with the aqueous extract. At histopathology, the aqueous extract caused modest congestion of the kidney, liver and lungs, while the chloroformic extract did not change the histological appearance of any of the organs.The study shows that both extracts are harmless at the therapeutic doses and the plant is therefore unlikely to cause single dose toxicity at the curative doses used. This supports safe medicinal use of Rapanea melanophloeos and there is need to study prolonged toxicity of the plant. Key words: In vitro toxicity, in vivo toxicity, LOAEL, NOAEL.


Acute ligation of the common colic and caudal mesenteric artery in the dog led to ischaemic colitis, whereas the acute ligation of the common colic artery and gradual occlusion of the caudal mesenteric artery by an ameroid plastic device did not lead to ischaemic disease. These findings suggest that the collateral blood vessels do not open up rapidly enough to prevent ischaemic change when the two major arteries are acutely ligated.


As previous studies have shown, emotions play a critical role in forming interpersonal relationships, social interactions, facilitation decision making and optimizing the brain functions. Although emotions are known as universal phenomena, most researchers believe that the way in which they are being experienced, expressed, perceived, and regulated can be influenced by cultural norms. Reviewing the theories and literatures, the present study attempted to investigate the influence of culture on behaviors through the process of emotional functions which is seemingly lacks enough research. Better understanding of this influence improves the knowledge in this area, thereby improving social interaction and social adjustment which is led to healthy life and wellbeing. One approach to this theme is from the emotional intelligence framework suggested by Salovey and Mayer (1990) who defined it as the ability to perceive, use, understand and manage emotions. This theory focuses upon emotional abilities that can be developed through learning and day-to-day experience. The results showed that a part of emotional intelligence ability is innate while another part can be changed through learning and experience; this later part dominated by culture that provides the structures, guidelines, expectations, and rules to interpret behaviors.


Planning scholars in the US and in Europe explore the contours of an emerging field of sustainable food systems. Tiny fragments of the complex food cycle have been covered so far. Planning literature is currently focusing on production processing and retail, leaving consumption of food and treatment of waste still largely unexplored. This chapter sets out to explore the state of the art. The research builds on data colected in a survey of international scientific planning journals over a period of a decade (1999-2010). Preliminary conclusions were reviewed by and discussed with a panel of international food planning experts. This chapter outlines ways to bridge the contested middle-ground between conventional de-localised and alternative re-localised agri-food systems


Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Radboud University Medical CenterAcademic Alliance Fund Maastricht - Nijmegen

 Current sports medical examinations do not appropriately detect occult coronary atherosclerosis in athletes, whereas coronary atherosclerosis is more prevalent in middle-aged and older athletes compared to physically active controls. Therefore, new diagnostic approaches need to be developed to identify individuals at risk. Cardiac troponin (cTn) is the standard biomarker to assess myocardial injury. Exercise is known to increase cTn concentrations and a delayed recovery of cTn concentrations after exercise cessation is suggested to be indicative of occult obstructive coronary artery disease. We hypothesized that the magnitude of exercise-induced cTn elevations may be associated with the degree of coronary atherosclerosis.

 To compare serial measures of exercise-induced cTnT elevations across middle-aged and older athletes with different degrees of coronary atherosclerosis.

 A subgroup of 59 men from the Measuring Athlete's Risk of Coronary events-2 study (MARC-2, n=291) were invited for this add-on study. All participants had undergone a cardiac computed tomography (CT) scan and coronary CT angiography to determine the prevalence and magnitude of coronary atherosclerosis. Athletes were stratified based on the degree of coronary atherosclerosis: I) n=20 with a coronary artery calcium score (CACS) of 0, II) n=20 with CACS ≥300 or ≥75th MESA-percentile, and III) n=19 with a >50% stenosis in any coronary artery, but without ischemia on a stress imaging tests. Participants performed an individualized exercise test (>1 hour, cycling) until volitional exhaustion. High-sensitivity cTnT concentrations were measured at baseline, after 30 minutes of exercise and at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes post-exercise.

 Participants (age 60.8 [57.9-72.6] years, BMI 24.5 [23.9-27.3]) exercised for 76±14 minutes, up to 97.6 [94.4-101.8] % of their expected maximum heart rate. Exercise duration and workload did not differ across groups. Baseline hs-cTnT was detectable in everyone. Exercise induced a 1.98±1.63 fold increase in hs-cTnT concentrations. Peak hs-cTnT concentrations occurred at 180 minutes post-exercise (13.9 [9.4-17.0] ng/L versus 12.1 [10.0-21.5] ng/L versus 13.8 [9.1-19.9] ng/L, for group I, II and III, respectively) and the incidence of hs-cTnT concentrations above the URL (n=9 (45%) vs n=7 (35.0%) vs n=9 (47.4%)) was comparable across groups (p=0.92 and p=0.71, respectively). Patterns of time-dependent changes in hs-cTnT concentrations did not differ across groups (p=.49).

 Exercise-induced elevations in hs-cTnT concentrations did not differ among middle-aged and older athletes with different degrees of coronary atherosclerosis. Our findings suggest that hs-cTnT sampled before, during or within 180 minutes following an exhaustive endurance cycling exercise test is not suitable to detect occult coronary atherosclerosis in athletes.


A joint U.S. Army/NASA flight investigation was conducted utilizing a single-rotor helicopter to determine the effectiveness of horizontally mounted tail boom strakes on directional controllability and tail rotor power during low-speed, crosswind operating conditions. Three configurations were investigated: (1) baseline (strakes off), (2) single strake (strake at upper shoulder on port side of boom), and (3) double strake (upper strake plus a lower strake on same side of boom). The strakes were employed as a means to separate airflow over the tail boom and change fuselage yawing moments in a direction to improve the yaw control margin and reduce tail rotor power. Crosswind data were obtained in 5-knot increments of airspeed from 0 to 35 knots and in 30 degree increments of wind azimuth from 0 degrees to 330 degrees. At the most critical wind azimuth and airspeed in terms of tail rotor power, the strakes improved the pedal margin by 6 percent of total travel and reduced tail rotor power required by 17 percent. The increase in yaw control and reduction in tail rotor power offered by the strakes can expand the helicopter operating envelope in terms of gross weight and altitude capability. The strakes did not affect the flying qualities of the vehicle at airspeeds between 35 and 100 knots.


Knowledge transfer and the role of leadership, IT and management are seen to work more closely in the every day routines in companies today. That is why it is important to study these areas more deeply in order to establish what current understanding is for knowledge transfer and the role of leadership, IT and management. The purpose with this paper is to study knowledge transfer process in a company and find out what role leadership, IT and management have in this process. In order to carry out this research, I have decided to use a qualitative approach (e.g. the Hermeneutic view), the inductive way and apply the interview method to gather data. These approaches give me more freedom in my interpretation and in my analysis. The interviews were conducted on four key persons at Husqvarna AB and were later analyzed with the help of literatures (secondary data) and own interpretation. The conducted study showed that the four key persons at Husqvarna AB have a very good picture of knowledge transfer, the role of leadership, IT and management. The study showed that a leader should motivate knowledge transfer in organizations through meetings, face-to-face dialogues, verbal dialogues, intranets and two-way communications. Further, three out of the four key persons at Husqvarna AB are satisfied with the way knowledge transfer and leadership is handled today. The study also showed that Husqvarna AB does not have any responsible for KT today and this role was not that important, according to the respondents. Moreover, the importance of IT tools today is seen as well as the involvement of management in the KT process. Finally, the conducted study showed that changes are necessary both within knowledge transfer and the other areas because of the rapidly, changing society. Changes are necessary in order to learn more, see new perspectives and give more freedom to people who want to learn more. This study (e.g. my study on Husqvarna AB) is new for researchers, students and others. This study is also new for this company, e.g. Husqvarna AB. New thoughts for this moment in time can be used to analyze what people of today think of knowledge transfer and the role of leadership, IT and management. The news value with this study is also that more and more leadership issues, management and the IT area are in focus and therefore, this study is relevant.


From a skull and mandible, we describe a new genus and species of a primitive insectivore (Mammalia: Insectivora: Leptictida: Leptictidae). Its large body size and higher-crowned teeth indicate a different feeding ecology from other leptictid insectivores. With evidence of some heavy, flat wear on the molariform teeth, its shift in diet was likely to greater herbivory. Unlike the narrow snout of Blacktops, this new leptictid retains a broad snout, suggesting that small vertebrates were still important dietary components. The specimen was collected from the floodplain deposits of the lower or middle White River Group of South Dakota, which represent the latest Eocene to earliest Oligocene (Chadronian and Orellan North American Land Mammal "Ages").


Information technical competitions can help to discover excellent information technology talents and it also plays an active role in promoting teaching.This paper expounds the promoting roles of this type of competitions from fours aspects: cultivating of practice and innovation ability,developing ability of team collaborative work,training of non-intellectual factor and implications for pedagogical reform.


Globalization, defined by literature as "a progress of limits" between which humanity multiplies itself, is characterized by a process in which the geographic distances have become a negligible factor in establishing and sustaining the over border connections, the economic, political, social, and cultural relationships. Within this international framework, the Eastern European countries go through a simultaneous process of transformation of their economic and social systems, carried out mainly by the initiation of the reforms in their public administration systems, with the aim to adjust them to the economic and social changes. The process of the reform in the Romanian public administration has as a major purpose the provision of public services for the population, which is to motivate the local authorities through allowing them decisional powers in order to promote the social interests for the benefit of the citizen.


With the human being 's requirement for aesthetic accuracy higher and higher,the requirement for life color meter applied in all walks is increasing. Since the color difference formula commonly used in the color difference meter design is one of the key elements for the research of improving the accuracy of color difference,color difference formulae commonly used in the color difference design study are reviewed based on relative methods. Moreover,in terms of the two typical color difference formulas of CIE94 and CIE 2000,the paper analyzed the applicability of the two formulas with examples.


Knowledge of spatial variability of the soil and water properties of the subsurtace drained field is essential to analyze and evaluate the spatial impact of a subsurface drainage system. The present study was carried out to develop the spatial variability maps of soil salinity using geostatistical approach and evaluate the impact of subsurface drainage system on soil salinity in an area of about 1000 ha in Western Yamuna Canal Command in Gohana sub-division ofSonepat District of Haryana Soil salinity datasets were subjected to exploratory data analysis using the GS+® and Geostatistical module of ArcGIS®. The semivariogram analysis revealed that the spherical semivariogram model fitted well to describe the spatial variability of soil salinity as evident from high coefficient of determination, R2, (0.957<R2<0.994) and least residual sum of squares, RSS, (0.003<RSS<0.006). The developed semivariogram models indicated strong spatial structure and low nugget values as an indicator of better model prediction. Moreover, the cross validation results and prediction error statistics showed that the mean error and the mean reduced error were close to zero, the mean reduced variances were observed to be within acceptable range of 0 ± 0.20, and the mean absolute error and the root mean square error were low for all the models. Subsequently, the kriged maps for soil salinity were generated using ordinary kriging. It was observed from spatial analysis of the kriged maps that the salt affected area decreased from 56% to 35% after introduction of subsurface drainage. Moreover, out of 35% of salt affected area only 1.73% lands were strongly saline and the remaining land was moderately saline after drainage.


Operational dosimetry solves the problem of implementing the principle of optimizing radiation safety, which is closely related to regulation and justification and implies a realistic achievable reduction in the dose load on a person when using ionizing radiation sources by reducing operating time, increasing the distance to radioactive material and shielding for attenuation of ionization flux. The article describes two ways of determining the thickness of shielding under necessity of making operational decision to protect a person from radionuclide source of known activity or the dose rate created by it. Based on the required multiplicity of its attenuation, which allows determining the number of half attenuation layers in the shield or its thickness, is also dependent on the energy of radiation, emitted by the source.


&NA; Birnbaum, L.J., and J.D. Herbst. Physiologic effects of caffeine on cross‐country runners. J. Strength Cond. Res. 18(3):463–465. 2004.—This study determined the physiological effects of caffeine on cross‐country runners during submaximal exercise. Ten college‐age subjects (5 women; 5 men) volunteered to participate in this study. After completing a SymbolO2max test, each subject completed 2 30‐minute runs at 70% SymbolO2max on the treadmill, 1 after ingesting caffeine and the other after ingesting a placebo. A caffeine dosage of 7 mg·kg‐1 of body weight was administered. The same dosage of vitamin C was used as a placebo. The order of treatments was randomly assigned, and the trials followed a double‐blind format. The physiological data were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance (SPSS). Tidal volume (TV), alveolar ventilation (VA), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were significantly different (p < 0.05) between treatment and control groups. The results suggest that the ingestion of caffeine at 7 mg·kg‐1 of body weight prior to submaximal running might provide a modest ergogenic effect via improved respiratory efficiency and a psychological lift. Symbol. No caption available.


This paper examines the impact of corporate governance on the timeliness of financial statements of qu oted firms in Nigeria. To achieve this objective, data w as collected from books, financial statements and j ournals. The data collected were analysed using relevant diagnos tics tests, granger causality and multiple regressi on models. The result revealed a significant relationship betw een board independence and timeliness of financial reports; board size and timeliness of financial reports; boa rd expertise and knowledge and timeliness of financ ial reports; board experience and timeliness of financial report s; also no significant relationship between CEO dua lity and timeliness of financial reports and board meetings and timeliness of financial reports. On the basis o f the empirical result, the paper concludes that the appl ication of appropriate corporate governance factors will go a long way to improve the timeliness of financial rep orts and quality financial statements Therefore, on the basis of the findings and conclusions of the study, we re commends that quoted companies should ensure that corporate governance codes are used in the day-to-day operati ons of corporation to achieve short, medium and lon g-term goals; government should ensure that regulatory age ncies monitor the activities of corporations to ens ure compliance with best practice. Also above all integ rity, objectivity and fairness must be applied in t he conduct of corporate business for financial statement needs be achieved for users.


The following errors are present during the drilling of composite materials: delamination, fuzzing, edge chipping, spalling, surface roughness, roundness and dimensional errors. Cutting tool geometry and shape of cutting edge have significant impact on integrity of machined area and errors. With correct choice of cutting regimes and cutting tool geometry it is possible to ensure required quality of the drilled holes in the most difficult parts of the composite materials construction. Sharpening angle of the drill and geometry of cutting edge significantly influence on all parameters defining functional quality of the tool. This paper gives research result of drilling composite materials by constant load method.


As animals age, behaviour changes may be the first indication of declining health and welfare. This is especially true for some of the more common problems associated with ageing, such as pain, sensory decline and cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS). Cognitive dysfunction syndrome is the term used to describe the behavioural changes and learning and memory impairment seen secondary to age-related degeneration of the brain. Using the recommendations highlighted within this article it may prove possible to reduce anxiety levels in dogs suffering from CDS as well as provide support for owners in dealing with this complex and often distressing disease of their ageing companion.


The purpose of this paper is to investigate the semantic association of maritime-specific lexis in a Maritime English corpus. Maritime-specific...


We present radial velocity follow-up obtained with ESPRESSO of the M-type star LTT 1445A (TOI-455), for which a transiting planet b with an orbital period of~5.4 days was detected by TESS. We report the discovery of a second transiting planet (LTT 1445A c) and a third non-transiting candidate planet (LTT 1445A d) with orbital periods of 3.12 and 24.30 days, respectively. The host star is the main component of a triple M-dwarf system at a distance of 6.9 pc. We used 84 ESPRESSO high-resolution spectra to determine accurate masses of 2.3$\pm$0.3 $\mathrm{M}_\oplus$ and 1.0$\pm$0.2 $\mathrm{M}_\oplus$ for planets b and c and a minimum mass of 2.7$\pm$0.7 $\mathrm{M}_\oplus$ for planet d. Based on its radius of 1.43$\pm0.09$ $\mathrm{R}_\oplus$ as derived from the TESS observations, LTT 1445A b has a lower density than the Earth and may therefore hold a sizeable atmosphere, which makes it a prime target for the James Webb Space Telescope. We used a Bayesian inference approach with the nested sampling algorithm and a set of models to test the robustness of the retrieved physical values of the system. There is a probability of 85$\%$ that the transit of planet c is grazing, which results in a retrieved radius with large uncertainties at 1.60$^{+0.67}_{-0.34}$ $\mathrm{R}_\oplus$. LTT 1445A d orbits the inner boundary of the habitable zone of its host star and could be a prime target for the James Webb Space Telescope.


This thesis aims to analyze the possibility of fining parents who don't comply with the visitation agreement. Deductive reasoning, which is a logical process that starts from a general statement to reach a logically certain conclusion, was used. Exploratory, qualitative, bibliographic, and documentary research was done. Research was limited to visitation agreements reached by parents, opposed to court-ordered visitation, seeing that, concerning the former, there is an assumption that both parents are interested in spending time with their child. This thesis analyzed the possibility of fining parents for two distinct situations: when one parent refuses to allow the other parent to exercise his/her visitation rights and when the visiting parent doesn't comply with the visitation agreement. It was ascertained that, when one parent denies the other parent visitation of their child, doctrines and judicial opinions largely agree it is possible to impose a fine. After all, in spite of the parent clearly wanting to be involved in his/her child's life, his/her visitation rights are being obstructed. However, doctrines and judicial opinions diverge in the matter of fining the visiting parent who doesn't comply with the visitation agreement. Some affirm that it isn't possible to fine a parent for not visiting his/her child because nobody is obliged to nurture feelings for another person, emphasizing that forcing the parent to visit the child is harmful to the latter; others assert that it is possible to impose a fine since it is the child's right to spend time with his/her parent. It was concluded that imposing a fine proved to reinforce the visitation agreement and thus enable both parents to be present in their child's life.


Two key points of scientific computer-based 3D reconstructions are the methods of their making and the principles of its visualisation. The discussion about the latter ones is the main aim of the paper. The attention is paid to the modelling methods, aesthetic and didactic demands of such reconstructions. These methods are strongly connected with monuments' features, typology of the reconstructions and their purposes. For example, it could be a reconstruction from specific point of view, a visualisation showing the difference between building stages, a presentation of the important architectural peculiarities of the monument or the type of an architectural object, a visualization of some typical urban or rural environment and so on. The two main points are the selection of view types (from main axonometric or orthographic to particular points of view) and the options of visualization (from hyper realistic renders to schematic views). On the one hand the axonometric view could be the best way to presented main features of a monument by one view. On the other hand the particular point of view could be important to demonstrate the specific peculiarities of a monument and show the real viewpoints seen by the people of that time. The choice between natural, schematic or stylized renders is also connected with the purposes of reconstruction. Furthermore they could give the opportunity to make the graphical visualisation of the reconstruction's argumentation and the degree of its hypothetical character. It enables to use the reconstruction in scientific discussions and as an instrument of verification. The special attention should be paid to the tendency of using the unreal viewpoints unconnected with the architectural peculiarities of the monument as well as in hyperrealism and concentration of the entourage unimportant for presentation of the features of chosen architectural objects.


Cases of delayed union and nonunion in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed in 49 patients between 1989 to 1993. The mean age at the time of surgery was 35.6 years (range, 10-68 years). Subjects included 35men and 14 women. We investigated the following factors: age, region, general condition, local factors, initial treatment of these cases. As a result, the most frequent site of nonunion was the femur (24.5%). Local factors for example bone defects, infection, soft tissue damage, and comminuted fractures were major factors associated with nonunion (44.9%). Insufficient initial treatment, especially fracture fixation technique, was also an important factor in non-union of fractures of the clavicle and femur.


Qingdao,Shandong Province is the economic development of the key cities of Qingdao,Qingdao SMEs for economic development has made great contributions to this paper,the development of SMEs in Qingdao,an analysis of the characteristics of Qingdao,as well as small and medium-sized problems,and for these put forward a policy recommendation that the SMEs should seize their own advantages,in support of the Government of Qingdao,under the coordination of large and small enterprises developed rapidly.


A combined morphologic and histochemical study of metaplastic polyps of the colorectum was undertaken. With increasing size, these lesions showed alterations in architecture and differentiation, increased secretion of carcinoembryonic antigen and a reduced secretion of O‐acylated sialomucin. These functional changes are also observed in colorectal cancers, but not in tubular adenomas showing low‐grade dysplasia. Since there is little clinical evidence for a metaplastic polyp‐carcinoma sequence, it is suggested that the sets of factors which lead to adenoma and metaplastic polyp formation in the colorectum are both required to induce malignant transformation.


Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) of wheat reduces grain yield and has deleterious effects on wheat flour quality. PHS resistance is strongly associated with grain color and seed dormancy. Resistance to PHS is a priority of wheat breeding program. We have studied a population of 122 Doubled Haploid (DH) lines from the cross between two cultivars, 'Keumkang' and 'Olgeuru', in order to detect QTLs correlated with PHS resistance. PHS was evaluated using mist spray in the humid chamber (PHS-MS), and the germination index (GI) was determined for two years. The variety 'Keumkang' has white grains and higher percentage of PHS rate (30.2%), while 'Olgeuru' has red grains and lower PHS rate (2.8%). There was significant difference in grain color according to the GI. PHS-MS was positively correlated with GI (r = 0.732, P < 0.001). Two molecular markers, Xbarc12 and Xgwm3, were found correlated with PHS resistance and GI. These markers were mapped on chromosomes 3A and 3D with LOD scores of 4.95 and 4.02, respectively. Xbarc12 explained the highest amount of phenotypic variation (R 2 ) which is 11.99% in GI and 27.25% in PHS. Xgwm3 explained 9.10% of phenotypic variation in GI. The respective value of PHS-MS and GI in Korean wheat cultivars ranged from 1.37% to 86.75% and from 0.03 to 0.73. This study provides useful information for marker-assisted wheat breeding for PHS resistance improvement in Korea.


Although there is extensive literature for frequency conversion in chalcopyrite crystals, little attention has been paid to HgGa/sub 2/S/sub 4/. Here, we report the first attainment of tunable second-harmonic generation (SHG) and optical parametric oscillation (OPO) in HgGa/sub 2/S/sub 4/.


DISCLAIMER This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. ABSTRACT Some analyses that survey experimental data are carried out at a sparse sample rate between pulses during tokamak operation and/or completed as a batch job overnight because the complete analysis on a single fast workstation cannot fit in the narrow time window between two pulses. Scientists therefore miss the opportunity to use these results to guide experiments quickly. With a dedicated Beowulf type cluster at a cost less than that of a workstation, these analyses can be accomplished between pulses and the analyzed data made available for the research team during the tokamak operation. A Linux PC cluster comprised of 12 processors was installed at DIII–D National Fusion Facility in CY00 and expanded to 24 processors in CY01 to automatically perform between-pulse magnetic equilibrium reconstructions using the EFIT code written in Fortran, CER analyses using CERQUICK code written in IDL and full profile fitting analyses (n e , T e , T i , V r , Z eff) using IDL code ZIPFIT. This paper reports the current status of the system and discusses some problems and concerns raised during the implementation and expansion of the system.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate clinicians' perceptions regarding the use of mobile technology tools during prolonged exposure (PE) therapy to allow for monitoring and enhancing in-vivo exposures (IVEs).

METHODS
Clinicians with training in PE therapy (N = 32; average of 9 years of practice) completed surveys asking about their perspectives on the utility of virtually attending IVEs with patients while simultaneously having access to real-time subjective and physiological data (i.e., heart rate, galvanic skin conductance) to guide exposure exercises and assure optimal stimulus engagement.

RESULTS
Findings showed clinicians to have a favorable view of applying technology devices and systems to enhance IVEs of PE therapy. Most clinicians (93.8%) believed that real-time monitoring of IVEs-particularly monitoring patients' subjective distress and completion of and duration of time in the IVE-would be useful and significantly enhance PE therapy.

CONCLUSION
The positive perceptions toward integrating technology into IVEs in this study have important implications for the development and implementation of technology-enhanced PE therapy. A mobile technology system that incorporates real-time indicators of engagement (i.e., both subjective and physiological) during IVEs and allows clinicians to review recordings of, or virtually accompany, patients during IVEs has the potential to innovate and transform PE and other exposure-based treatments. Clinicians also believed that technology-enhanced IVEs may help reduce early termination from PE.


In civil aviation industry, runway overrun is a typical landing safety incident concerned by both airlines and authorities. Among various contributing factors to the runway overrun incident, long landing plays an important role. However, existing studies for long landing prediction mainly depend on classic machine learning methods and handcrafted features. As a result, they usually require much expert knowledge and provide unsat-isfactory results. To address these problems, this paper proposes an innovative deep sequence-to-sequence model which utilizes QAR (Quick Access Recorder) data for accurate long landing pre- diction. Specifically, to cope with the high heterogeneity of QAR dataset, a data pre-processing procedure is first proposed which includes data cleaning, interpolation and normalization steps. Second, to avoid the noises incurred by too many QAR parameters and relieve the reliance on expert experience, the GBDT (gra-dient boosting decision trees) model is employed to choose the most relevant parameters as features. Then a CNN-LSTM and TG-attention encoder-decoder architecture is proposed to accurately predict future aircraft ground speed and radio height sequences, based on which the touchdown distance can be finally calculated. Experimental results on a large QAR dataset with 44,176 A321 flights validate effectiveness of the proposed method.


naries, not trusting cognates listed in the various dictionaries without further research, etc.). Appendix A discusses four examples of the proper use of Arabic in Biblical Hebrew lexicography. One of the best illustrations is E. L. Greenstein's rejection of an erroneous proposal by H. L. Ginsberg for Biblical Hebrew I}o~eb "ignite" (pp. 103-104). Appendix B is a superfluous chart listing the usual correspondences between Arabic and Hebrew consonants. This sort of infonnation could have been omitted, since it can be found in numerous other works, such as Moscati et al.'s comparative Semitic grammar (S. Moscati, A. Spitaler, E. Ullendorff, W. von Soden, An Introduction to the Comparative Grammar of the Semitic Languages, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, 1964). This book is cited in the author's bibliography (p. 112). The volume's bibliography is fairly extensive, listing the important works criticized or used by the author in his study (pp. 109-113). The Hebriiisches und Aramiiisches Lexicon zum Alten Testament was authored by L. Koehler and W. Baumgartner (not M. Koehler, which is also listed erroneously on p. 26, n. 12). Hans Wehr's Arabic dictionary (the English translation) should mention the name of its editor, the late J. Milton Cowan (p. 113). Helmut Gatje's (1927-1986) Grundriss der arabischen Philologie 2 was published by Reichert in Wiesbaden and not Harrassowitz (ibid.). The lesson of this book is clear enough: to exercise caution in comparative linguistics, and I believe it is a valuable reminder for a sane and reasonable comparative linguistics as well. Anyone interested in comparative Semitic linguistics, and especially in its methodology, will profit from a careful scrutiny of this work.


Herbarium specimens have long been a cornerstone of taxonomic research but are only recently being recognized for their potential as a source of spatially and temporally extensive data on plant functional traits. Many researchers in trait-based disciplines, including functional ecologists and evolutionary biologists alike, remain surprisingly unaware of this powerful use of herbaria. This review brings together disparate studies to synthesize the past, current, and potential future uses of specimens as functional trait data sources, answering the following questions. First, what insights using specimens (including traits measured, approaches used, and research questions answered) have been made to date? Second, what new trait-based insights (including potential contributions to global trait databases and recent advancements such as machine learning and high-throughput phenotyping) can be made from herbarium specimens? And third, how can inherent limitations and collection biases be addressed when using specimens in unanticipated ways (including new analytical approaches and improved methods for collecting)? I conclude by identifying what is needed to foster the future of herbaria as big data sources of plant traits. Most notably, plant collecting must be continued, expanded beyond predominantly systematists, and intentionally revised with downstream trait measurements in mind. Furthermore, community-wide standards are needed to integrate otherwise disconnected data and directly link newly derived measurements back to specimen records. Specimens serve as reliable (and necessary) sources of phenotypic data, enabling us to answer questions across phylogenetic, temporal, and spatial dimensions that are otherwise not possible to answer. Herbaria should be embraced as centers for functional trait research.


: This paper reports the main findings of a local study which compared sentencing outcomes for offenders sentenced in the Crown Court with and without social inquiry reports. The results suggest that for middle-risk adults aged over 20, the availability of a report can increase the likelihood of a custodial sentence. This may have implications for report writers' approach to recommendations.


Shela Aboud,1,* Jennifer Wilcox,1 and Gordon E. Brown Jr.2 1Department of Energy Resources Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 USA 2Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Department of Photon Science, and Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-2115 USA (Received 17 September 2010; revised manuscript received 3 January 2011; published 17 March 2011)


The Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) is one of the serious nutritional issues in Indonesia. The survey of IDD in Province of East Java, found that Total Goiter Rate (TGR) in 2003 was higher than 1998 (24.8% and 16.3%) respectively). Iodine deficiency is the main factor of goiter incidence but, there were other factors which could cause the goiter incidence, such as trace element (selenium and zinc) deficiency and exposure of pollutant such as nitrate. The objective of the research is to analyze an association between the trace element andpollutant with the goiter incidence. This research was the cross sectional design, compare goiter and non-goiter respondents. Twenty pupils developing goiter were taken randomly from the goiter population and twenty pupils not suffering of goiter were also taken randomly from the non-goiter population. The median urinary excretion iodine (UEI) levels were higher in the goiter respondents compared with the non-goiter. This might be caused by administration of relatively new iodine capsule to the goiter respondents compared with the non-goiter. The average blood nitrate levels were higher in the in the goiter compared with the non-endemic respondents (575. 75 ± 108.01pg/l :419.45 ± 120.35 pgf I) and there was statistically significant relationship (p < 0.01). According to logistic regression, it can be drawn that the nitrate is determinant factor of coastal area goiter. The goiter prevention program should not be limited to iodine intake, but also include other relevant factors, especially to food and drink nitrate contamination.


1 This paper describes a religious phenomenon at the Sam Po Kong temple in Semarang. I argue that the syncretism there is the result of cultural and religious interconnections between Javanese abangan, Islam, Taoism, and Buddhism. The beginning of this paper will depict the historical explorations of Cheng Ho, the principal figure in this Sam Po Kong shrine. The next part describes several instances of Javanese abangan, Islamic, Taoist, and Buddhist influences in this pantheon. The remainder of this paper will argue that the notion of Oneness of God believed by Sam Po Kong members is the result of political influences in Indonesia. The Amalgamation of Javanese Abangan, Islam, Taoism and Buddhism in the Sam Po Kong Shrine


Islamic education is the accumulation of knowledge originating from the Al-Qur'an and As-Sunnah, taught, fostered, and instructed to mankind as students through the application of methods and methods designed to develop students with Muslim personalities. In Islamic education, an increase in student moderation coincides with an increase in character. So it is felt that there is a need for a form of design to be able to help facilitate Islamic religious education to achieve the desired goals. The literature study was used in this research to obtain data about Islamic religious moderation-based social laboratory learning. The data obtained is then analyzed by following a flow that includes data simplification, data visualization, and drawing conclusions. This research seeks to develop a Religious Moderation-based PAI Social Laboratory Learning design. This study tries to describe the design of PAI learning based on the value of religious moderation. The results of this study are a design of PAI learning which is designed through several stages, including analysis to evaluation, and revision. This research itself has contributed to the discussion of Islamic religious education in Indonesia which focuses on the themes of religious moderation.


Bimetallic 73 wt.% Fe–Cu nanoparticles have been produced using electric explosion of two immiscible metal wires and then consolidated into disks using magnetic pulse compaction. The compacted disks have been characterized for phase composition, mechanical strength, and high-temperature steel ball-on-disk sliding friction. The sample possessed good flexural and compression strength. Friction and wear reduction were observed during sliding test at 400 °C, which was explained by intense tribosynthesis of cuprospinel CuFe2O4 nanoparticles, which served to reduce adhesion between the ball and disk.


ABSTRACT The contact mass in the Rochow reaction was analyzed to understand catalyst deactivation during the reaction. Changes in crystalline structure, particle surface morphology, and the elemental composition of the contact mass were measured by XRD, SEM, EDX, and XRF, respectively, at four different reaction conversions. The results indicate that the main reason for contact-mass deactivation is copper enrichment on the surface of silicon. Coke deposition may hamper Cu diffusion and result in the copper enrichment.


In this work, we conducted comparative studies of inbred mice with different sensitivity to tuberculosis infection, I/St susceptible, C57BL/6 resistant. Two other strains C3H.JK (H2j), C3H/HeDiSn (H2k) began to grow fat by 4-5 months of age and changed their susceptibility depending on the dose of infection. Also, they were made obese or not in dependence on the dose of infection.


Abstract Let $A$ be the inductive limit of a sequence $$\begin{eqnarray}A_{1}\xrightarrow[{}]{\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{1,2}}A_{2}\xrightarrow[{}]{\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{2,3}}A_{3}\longrightarrow \cdots\end{eqnarray}$$ with $A_{n}=\bigoplus _{i=1}^{n_{i}}A_{[n,i]}$ , where all the $A_{[n,i]}$ are Elliott–Thomsen algebras and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}_{n,n+1}$ are homomorphisms. In this paper, we will prove that $A$ can be written as another inductive limit $$\begin{eqnarray}B_{1}\xrightarrow[{}]{\unicode[STIX]{x1D713}_{1,2}}B_{2}\xrightarrow[{}]{\unicode[STIX]{x1D713}_{2,3}}B_{3}\longrightarrow \cdots\end{eqnarray}$$ with $B_{n}=\bigoplus _{i=1}^{n_{i}^{\prime }}B_{[n,i]^{\prime }}$ , where all the $B_{[n,i]^{\prime }}$ are Elliott–Thomsen algebras and with the extra condition that all the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D713}_{n,n+1}$ are injective.


In this paper, we study single server bulk service queuing process in which customers are served in varying batch size and obtain various characteristics of the systems.


Abstract : The report sets forth some of the basic problems associated with a determination of the number of Highlanders likely to have been affected by the use of herbicides in South Vietnam (SVN). A general belief exists that proportionately more Highlanders were affected by herbicides than were ethnic Vietnamese. This discussion is presented with the hope that it can provide some background material useful for a more detailed investigation.


Inspired by the facts that visual saliency captures more attention and spectral residual (SR) can indicate the saliency of the image, a novel reduced-reference image quality assessment metric is proposed based on the regularity of the SR. The orientation and frequency components of an image are first extracted in wavelet domain. Then SR is obtained to represent the saliency of the component. Next fractal dimension is adopted to encode SR and concatenated as the image features. Finally, the feature differences between reference image and distorted one are pooled as the quality score. The proposed metric is evaluated on four largest image databases (TID2013, TID2008, CSIQ, and LIVE databases), and experimental results confirm that the proposed metric has a good performance.


Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTRv‐PN) is a genetic condition associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In this study we aimed to identify patient subgroups exhibiting the greatest health‐related quality of life (HRQL) benefit from inotersen treatment.


The cutting step is provided a method for preparing a transparent substrate internal processing. Irradiating the substrate with a focused laser beam, focused laser beam is selected to include a pulse duration and energy generated in the substrate of the filament pulse. Translating the substrate relative to the laser beam is focused to illuminate the substrate and to generate said additional filaments in one or more additional positions. Wherein the occurrence of yarn forming arrangement defining an interior scoring cutting path of the substrate. May be varied to adjust the parameters of the laser beam and position the length of wire, and not necessarily V-shaped introduction channel or groove, providing a laser cutting bevel edge. Preferably, the laser pulses are delivered burst column, for reducing the energy threshold of the filaments formed, increasing the length of the filaments, silk modification area thermally annealed to minimize collateral damage, reproducibility improved handling, as well as the use of low laser repetition rate as compared to increase the processing speed.


Due to the grow ing demand for diversified business,the information interaction mode w hich is compatible w ith the business requirements and system characteristics is the implementation foundation of smart distribution grid and utilization. Firstly,tw o typical information interaction modes and corresponding deployment patterns w ere proposed,w hich w ere called the interface adapter w ay and the integrated w ay,based on the analysis on the business requirements and architecture of smart distribution grid and utilization. Then,the combination scheme of communication mode of smart distribution grid and utilization w as proposed,according to its physical demand. The information security protection system of the secondary system w as analyzed combined w ith the requirements of pow er system information security. Finally,through the analysis on the business requirements,system architecture,information interaction mode and deployment patterns,physical communication solution and security protection system, this paper established the typical mode of information interaction in smart distribution grid and utilization. The proposed mode has been applied in practical engineering such as the optimal operation of smart distribution grid and utilization.


Streptococcus pyogenes is a gram-positive pathogen that causes a variety of human diseases.The zinc binding proteins of S.pyogenes were enriched through Immobilized-metal affinity chromatography(IMAC).The proteins were further digested in-solution and analyzed by the advanced LC-MS/MS.In total,forty-eight zinc binding proteins involved in protein translation,glucose metabolism,metal transport,oxidation and other physiological processes were identified.The data presented here are helpful in understanding of the pathological mechanisms of S.pyogenes and facilitate the discovery of potential antibacterial drug targets and vaccine candidates.


The Family Business Network (FBN) was founded in Europe in 1990. It is designed to serve the needs of owner-managers, their families, professionals, consultants, academics, and all those with a stake in ensuring the healthy development of family enterprises. This article traces the origins of FBN, describes its first year of operation, and highlights the services it offers to members.


The invention relates to a device Antibacterial spraying a liquid product contained in a container (R). Include, in particular, an end piece (1) CROWN spout (G) a pump (P) mounted on said container (R) by means of a collar (C). It characterized in that the end piece (1) comprises an internal duct (11) extending TUBE SUPPLIER (G) to a cavity (10) END provided with an ejection orifice (100), in which it is housed a valve ( 2) and which is coaxially surrounded by an outer wall CYLINDER - CONICA (12) connected at its bottom part with a projection (13) SUPPORT TO OPERATE THE PUMP (P).


The invention relates to an USB device with encryption in cloud based on cloud computing information. The USB device with encryption in cloud based on cloud computing information comprises a cloud computing server, a USB, a communication medium, a cloud module, wherein the USB is connected with the communication medium through the cloud module and the communication medium is connected with the cloud computing server and the cloud computing server comprises a cloud information platform and a firewall and a key distributor and the communication medium comprises wire and wireless communication medium.


Fast, quantitative, and efficient direct photo degradation of organic peroxide explosives (HMTD, MEKP, TATP) using characteristic continuous-flow UV radiation was investigated in aqueous solutions and achieved in less than 30 s.


Attitudes and beliefs about pain determine the interpersonal interaction in evaluation and treatment of a chronic painful condition like fibromyalgia in a multidisciplinary healthcare system. Two distinct dimensions for pain attitudes and beliefs were identified as Biomedical and Behavioral. The former utilized a pathoanatomical model whereas the latter incorporated the psychosocial factors into clinical presentations.The study aimed to evaluate the pain attitudes and beliefs amongst rhematologists, physical therapists and fibromyalgia patients and to compare the biomedical and behavioral dimensions between the three groups in study population of fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS).A nation-wide cross-sectional survey (online and direct interviews) was conducted between 2010-16 to identify first group- 18 (16 male, 2 female) rheumatologists (snowball sampling), and second group- 122 (44 male, 78 female) physical therapists (purposive sampling), both with previous experience of treating adults with fibromyalgia. Also 188 patients with FMS were also studied from outpatient departments of tertiary care hospitals as the third group. All participants filled the Pain Attitudes and Beliefs (PABS) scale and the scores were analysed to identify the two dimensions descriptively in percentiles, and their between-group comparisons were done using Chi-Square test at 95% confidence interval using SPSS version 22 for Windows software.There was an overall predominance of biomedical dimension for FMS reported in all three groups, with rheumatologists being most prevalent (76.8%), followed by patients (65.6%) and then by physical therapists (54.12)%. Between-group comparisons were significant (p<.05) for all 6 analyses.Biomedical dimension was predominantly reported by rhematologists, physical therapists and patients for chronic pain in FMS and this necessitates further research on development and implementation of educational interventions in this part of the world.[1]Kumar SP, Jim A. Physical therapy in palliative care: from symptom control to quality of life: a critical review. Indian J Palliat Care. 2010;16(3):138-46.[2]Kumar SP, Jim A, Sisodia V. Effects of Palliative Care Training Program on Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs and Experiences Among Student Physiotherapists: A Preliminary Quasi-experimental Study. Indian J Palliat Care. 2011;17(1):47-53.[3]Kumar SP, Saha S. Mechanism-based Classification of Pain for Physical Therapy Management in Palliative care: A Clinical Commentary. Indian J Palliat Care. 2011;17(1):80-6.[4]Prem V, Karvannan H, Chakravarthy R, Binukumar B, Jaykumar S,Kumar SP. Attitudes and Beliefs About Chronic Pain Among Nurses-Biomedical or Behavioral? A Cross-sectional Survey. Indian J Palliat Care. 2011;17(3):227-34.[5]Kumar VK,Kumar SP, Baliga MR. Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal complaints among dentists in India: a national cross-sectional survey. Indian J Dent Res. 2013;24(4):428-38.[6]Kumar SP, Kumar A. Evidence-based Practice in Chronic Pain: A Multidimensional Biopsychosocial Paradigm is the "Need of the Hour" in Palliative Care. Indian J Palliat Care. 2013;19(2):126-7.[7]Kumar SP, D'souza M, Sisodia V. Interpersonal communication skills and palliative care: "finding the story behind the story". Indian J Palliat Care. 2014;20(1):62-4.Study participants for their whole-hearted participation and contribution.None declared


In the present work, we have synthesized an iron-decorated graphitic carbon nitride (Fe@g-C3N4) composite and employed it for electrochemical sensing of ciprofloxacin (CFX). The physicochemical characteristics of the Fe@g-C3N4 composite were analyzed with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX) spectroscopy methods. Further, the pencil graphite electrode (PGE) was modified with Fe@g-C3N4 composite to get PGE/Fe@g-C3N4 electrode and characterized the resultant electrode by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was employed to determine the effect of concentration and interferents. The modified PGE/Fe@g-C3N4 electrode demonstrated the exceptional electrochemical performance for CFX identification and quantification with a LOD of 5.4 nM, a wide linear range of 0.001-1.0 µM, and high sensitivity of 0.0018 µA mM-1 cm-2. Besides, Fe@g-C3N4 modified PGE showed remarkable recovery results in qualitative analysis of CFX in human blood specimens. This research advocates that the Fe@g-C3N4 composite acts as an excellent transducer material in the electrochemical sensing of CFX in blood and standard samples. Further, the proposed strategy deduces that the PGE/Fe@g-C3N4 sensor can be a prospective candidate for the dynamic determination of CFX in blood serum and possibly ratified as an exceptional drug sensor for therapeutic purposes.


A silicon-based integrated circuit array is demonstrated with a unique layout and process technique which allows a shortened development and fabrication time and reduced design and development costs for several types of monolithically integrated smart sensors. This array utilizes the same semi-custom techniques which have allowed similar development time improvements and cost reductions for digital gate arrays and analog tile arrays, but is designed specifically for use with monolithic silicon sensors and actuators. This array is known as the Linear IC/Sensor Array, or LISA, and directly applies semi-custom design and processing techniques to monolithic smart sensor developments.<<ETX>>


The halal industry in Europe has experienced significant development, especially in the food sector. This study aims to analyze the challenges and opportunities of the halal food industry in Europe. The method uses a qualitative approach, with secondary data sources. The analysis technique uses a descriptive approach. The study results show that the development of the halal food industry in Europe was triggered by the increasing demand for halal certification and quality assurance, as well as the development of the tourism sector. This is a great opportunity for industry players to be able to meet the high demand for halal food. The challenge is how to improve quality and can meet halal standards to meet global demand.


The ternary phase-amplitude filter (TPAF) is by definition restricted to the modulation values -1, 0, and 1, thus comprising a binary phase-only filter (BPOF) multiplied by a binary- amplitude pattern, i.e., a region of support. The TPAF offers an attractive combination of real-time implementation with available devices and good correlation performance. Smart (optimized distortion-invariant) TPAF formulations have been developed. The TPAF enables filter implementation with magneto-optic devices and these devices also can also be used for image input if gray scale scenes can be binarized while preserving good correlation performance. We provide simulation results addressing the comparative performance of TPAF correlation using gray scale and binary images derived from identical edge-enhanced version of original scenes. Experimental correlations verifying the results for the binary input cases are provided.


Scholars of literary culture in eighteenth-century France have long identified the expansion of the Book Trade and commercial publishing, on the one hand, and the establishment of a stable regime of intellectual property rights, on the other, as key developments for the "modernization" of authorship, especially after 1750.' These related developments have, in turn, coalesced in many accounts around the concept of the "literary market," invoked as new type of cultural space in which the conditions and possibilities for the most essential transformations in authorial practice were to be found. Roger Charrier situates "les conditions d'une possible indépendance pour les hommes de lettres" within "les contours d'un marché littéraire."2 In line with much eighteenth-century cultural historiography, Chartier here puts a positive spin on the "market," depicting it as a field of liberation for gens de lettres who discover in it the new economic opportunities and legal prerogatives that will enable them to break with their traditional bonds to courts and patrons in order to adopt "modern" authorial comportments as autonomous, unaligned critics of society. Other accounts, though, have proposed starkly different views of the "market" and its repercussions for writers. In her readings of Diderot and Rousseau, Julia Simon underscores "the alienating effects of the literary market," identifying new authorial


This paper proposes a simple method for the quantitative evaluation of segregation resistance from the view-point of compaction completion energy that can be applied also for mix proportion design and acceptance inspections of concrete for civil engineering use with slumps between 5 and 15 cm, defining compaction completion energy as the energy required by concrete to reach the theoretical density of the concrete's mix proportion from the concrete's apparent bulk density in the formwork. The proposed evaluation method enables also quantitative and detailed construction planning through quantification of the internal vibrator insertion interval and vibration time.本稿では,コンクリートが型枠中の見掛けのかさ密度から配合の理論密度に至るのに必要なエネルギーを締固め完了エネルギーと定義し,スランプが5~15 cmであるコンクリートを対象として,締固め完了エネルギーの観点から,配合選定および受入れ検査としても普及できる簡易かつ定量的な分離抵抗性評価方法を提案している。本研究により,内部振動機の挿入間隔と振動時間を定量化することができ,定量的かつ詳細な施工計画を立てることを可能にした。


This study was carried out to propagate an endangered Korean winter hazel (Corylopsis coreana) in vitro. It was effective to do suspension-culture 2 mm shoot tips in size on the MS liquid media containing 2 mg L?¹ 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) for establishing shoots in vitro. Shoots were well multiplicated and grown when subcultured on the MS media containing 1~2 mg L?¹ BA + 0.1 mg L?¹ α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), while shoots were over-multiplicated when on the MS media containing more than 3 mg L?¹ BA. A two-step culture method was used for the rooting of shoots in vitro. In the first rooting step, 1 cm shoot tips or nodes with one leaf were cultured on the 1/4 MS media containing NAA or indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) for 6 days in the dark. Then, they were cultured on 1/4 MS media without growth regulators. The best rooting, 80~100%, was obtained from the shoot tips cultured on the 1/4 MS media containing 1~3 mg L?¹ IBA in the first rooting step. The rooted plantlets were acclimatized in the closed box, and then grown in the plastic house.


Background: Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) together with bovine torovirus (BToV), both members of the Coronaviridae family, order Nidovirales are the most common viral enteric pathogens. Although studied separately, their joint occurrence and the molecular diversity in cattle in Croatia have not been investigated. Methods: A survey is carried out on 101 fecal samples from diarrheic young and adult cattle during the 3-year period from i) one large dairy herd, ii) four small herds and iii) three nasal and paired fecal samples from calves with symptoms of respiratory disease. Samples were submitted to RT-PCR and sequencing for BCoV Nucleocapsid gene, BCoV Spike gene and BToV Spike gene. Results: BCoV was detected in 78.8 % of fecal samples from symptomatic cattle and three nasal and paired fecal samples from calves with respiratory symptoms. BToV was detected in 43.2 % of fecal samples from symptomatic cattle and a fecal sample from calves with respiratory symptoms. Molecular characterisation of those viruses revealed some nucleotide and aminoacid differences in relation to reference strains.


A waveguide optical switch and/or modulator device is described that uses a single‐mode waveguide version of the Mach‐Zehnder interferometer. A mode selective branching waveguide is used for switching, and modulation can be accomplished without external polarizers in single‐mode waveguides. The operation of a 1×2 switch fabricated by diffusion techniques in ZnSe is described.


Jan Mayen is a barren volcanic island in arctic waters north-east of Iceland at 71°N, 8°W (Fig. 1). It is part of Norwegian territory and lies on the mid-oceanic ridge, where the Eurasian and North American tectonic plates have been slowly separating for millions of years. Only about 50 km long, it is dominated at the north-eastern end by the 2277 m volcano Beerenberg, the northernmost sub-aerial volcano still active – it last erupted in 1985, when lava reached the sea. Jan Mayen's population of 18 is there to man the meteorological and LORAN-navigational stations. The island is seldom clearly seen from the few ships that pass by because of persistent low cloud and sea fog, so passengers on the Black Prince were not hopeful as they approached the island on 2 August 2001 during a cruise from Iceland to Spitsbergen. But they were in for a fascinating surprise! During the morning we continued northeastwards hour after hour through wet fog, visibility 100 m, and a temperature about 6 °C. At 1200 GMT, approaching local midday, we had 100 km to go. There was no drizzle, and from time to time the sun shone weakly through the fog, suggesting that it was shallow with an undulating top. At 1500 GMT a somewhat stronger sun produced a fogbow, and with the visibility now 300 m our spirits were raised, giving us the hope that the fog might – just might – clear to give us a fleeting glimpse of the island. Soon we were told that we were 2 km off the coast – but still no sign! Then a few minutes later the fog started to break. First we could see the rocky coast and skyline of the southwestern part of the island, but then came a magnificent view of the volcano towering above the remaining fragments of fog and stratus. Soon, we left behind even these clouds and the volcano was visible from top to bottom (as Fig. 2, front cover, shows), with its glaciers descending to near sea-level, shreds of stratus and stratocumulus around its base, and a large patch of altocumulus above. We were impressed! Winds during the morning had been south-westerly, force 2, but by 1500 GMT, when we were close to the southern part of the island, they had backed a little, to southsouth-west force 3, judging by the sea state. By the time we were abeam the volcano (1600 GMT) the wind backed a little more for about 10 minutes, to southerly force 4–5, with plenty of small 'white horses'. A little later we came under a complete cover of low stratus and the wind slackened. When we were abeam the northern end of the island (1630 GMT) there was little or no wind and still much stratus, but then the low cloud became very patchy, and the volcano and altocumulus were visible again (Fig. 3). During the evening, when we were 100 km or more to the north-east, the wind had returned to south-southwest force 2, with low stratus and light drizzle. Why had the fog and stratus cleared just as we were passing? The weather changes suggest that the island itself was greatly affecting the patterns of cloud and wind. The extent of cloud modification can be seen in Fig. 4, a reflected-sunlight image obtained by the polar-orbiting satellite NOAA-12, which happened to pass overhead at 1632 GMT – just as we were abeam the north end of the island! A large area of sea fog and stratus surrounds the island, with a characteristic cellular structure – indicating weak convection driven by radiative cooling of the top of the fog and stratus, and accounting for the fitful sun we had seen on board. Weak street formation suggests a wind direction of about 240–250°, which is consistent with the geostrophic wind indicated by Fig. 1. Patches of altocumulus cast shadows on the lower cloud that wreathed the volcano (Fig. 5). Jan Mayen revealed!


The vapor deposition of Bi on Pt(111) at 110 and ∼600 K have been characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), thermal desorption mass spectroscopy (TDMS), low‐energy electron diffraction (LEED), and changes in the work function (Δφ). At 110 K Bi growth follows a layer‐by‐layer mechanism. At ∼600 K Bi fills the first monolayer (θBi≂0.56) relatively uniformly, followed by 3D island growth. Bi desorption is characterized by a large, coverage‐dependent desorption energy, Edes =(81−34.2 θBi ) kcal mol−1, in the first monolayer, and zero‐order kinetics with constant activation energy (Edes =53–56 kcal mol−1) for the multilayer. Many LEED patterns are observed within the first monolayer for both cold and hot substrates. Structural models for these are proposed which are consistent with coverages obtained by AES. Annealed structures show continuous compression of hexagonal Bi overlayers with increasing coverage, subject to mild substrate constraints. At 110 K and θBi >0.33, uniaxial compression is instead seen, due to an unsurmounted energy barrier. Weakly repulsive lateral Bi–Bi interactions (due to dipole repulsions) dominate submonolayer growth. These results for the semimetal Bi are intermediate in behavior between alkali and transition metal overlayers on Pt(111). This is consistent with the relative strengths of the surface dipole of these adsorbed metals.The vapor deposition of Bi on Pt(111) at 110 and ∼600 K have been characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), thermal desorption mass spectroscopy (TDMS), low‐energy electron diffraction (LEED), and changes in the work function (Δφ). At 110 K Bi growth follows a layer‐by‐layer mechanism. At ∼600 K Bi fills the first monolayer (θBi≂0.56) relatively uniformly, followed by 3D island growth. Bi desorption is characterized by a large, coverage‐dependent desorption energy, Edes =(81−34.2 θBi ) kcal mol−1, in the first monolayer, and zero‐order kinetics with constant activation energy (Edes =53–56 kcal mol−1) for the multilayer. Many LEED patterns are observed within the first monolayer for both cold and hot substrates. Structural models for these are proposed which are consistent with coverages obtained by AES. Annealed structures show continuous compression of hexagonal Bi overlayers with increasing coverage, subject to mild substrate constraints. At 110 K and θBi >0.33, uniaxial compression is instead...


Covid-19 is disease caused by a novel coronavirus also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, a name that describes the disease if causes. It was first detected in Wuhan, China in December of 2019 where it arose to spread in the entire world to cause the global COVID-19 Pandemic. This virus causes severe bilateral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome which requires to be managed in intensive care unit requiring mechanical ventilation. We present a 77-year old Covid-19 patient with familial hypercholesterolemia and stroke who presented with the main symptom of confusion. After exclusion of our first differential that was stroke, we tested the patient for Covid-19 and resulted positive. After treatment with oxygen, steroids and antibiotics, the patient recovered and was discharged. An important lesion from this patient was that the presentation of Covid-19 has various types and manifestations.


The purpose of this book is to "highlight the unique difficulties" (p. 12) that arise in the context of arbitration between states and foreign private parties. To that end, the book is divided into two nearly equal parts. Part I examines "the central theoretical problems raised in the context of [that type of] arbitration" (p. 12), while Part II purports to contain a "series of case studies," with special emphasis upon International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) arbitration; International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) arbitration; and arbitration under the auspices of the Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal (p. 13). This division of the material under review might have been justified if Part II had been used to nurture the theoretical Part I discussion and enliven it with concrete illustrations. However, this is not the case. The logical, almost natural, process of cross-fertilization between the lessons of experience and doctrinal rationalization remains largely foreign to this work, which for all practical purposes consists of two almost unrelated books under a single cover. 1


We report our measurements of the bulk radial velocity from a sample of small, metal-rich ejecta knots in Kepler's supernova remnant (SNR). We measure the Doppler shift of the He-like Si Kα line-center energy in the spectra of these knots based on our Chandra High-Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer observation to estimate their radial velocities. We estimate high radial velocities of up to ∼8000 km s−1 for some of these ejecta knots. We also measure proper motions for our sample based on the archival Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer data taken in 2000, 2006, and 2014. Our measured radial velocities and proper motions indicate that some of these ejecta knots are almost freely expanding after ∼400 yr since the explosion. The fastest moving knots show proper motions of up to ∼0.″2 per year. Assuming that these high-velocity ejecta knots are traveling ahead of the forward shock of the SNR, we estimate the distance to Kepler's SNR d ∼ 4.4–7.5 kpc. We find that the ejecta knots in our sample have an average space velocity of vs ∼ 4600 km s−1 (at a distance of 6 kpc). We note that 8 of the 15 ejecta knots from our sample show a statistically significant (at the 90% confidence level) redshifted spectrum, compared to only two with a blueshifted spectrum. This may suggest an asymmetry in the ejecta distribution in Kepler's SNR along the line of sight; however, a larger sample size is required to confirm this result.


Lexical and phraseological units associated with numerical names occupy a significant place in the word formation of the Kazakh language. Concepts-judgments developed on the basis of everyday life, the life of the people, the customs and traditions formed in this regard are reflected in the stable expressions of language use. The article reflects the national and cultural data that served as the basis for the formation of phraseological units with numerical values and provides the opinions of various researchers. The nature and features of ethnolinguistic language units defined by the concept of number-quantity are identified and displayed.


(57) Abstract: by binding a book block, a method for producing a book is disclosed. The method includes applying an aqueous composition to the spine area of the book block, to remove volatile components of the composition. The composition comprises (1) an aqueous vehicle, a film forming polymeric resin and a polyurethane resin or (2) an aqueous polyurethane dispersion or emulsion. The composition may contain an alkaline component. In another embodiment, the composition is an aqueous film-forming polymer latex, the pH of the latex, comprising the mixing of the alkaline component and the aqueous polyurethane dispersions to adjust the pH of the aqueous polyurethane dispersion.


To start this bit breeding business is not difficult. Can be started easily with small capital. Beetroot plants (Beta vulgaris L.) include short-lived vegetable crops. The use of tubers more and more and have an important role for the Indonesian economy. Needs of the bit continues to increase due to population growth, also due to changes in consumption patterns in some developing countries. Beets also produce a sweet taste (sugar). Organic fertilizer is the end result of decomposition of parts or the remains of plants and animals (living things) such as manure, green manure, compost, cake, guano, flour and so on. Likewise the use of organic pesticides is more profitable in the long run. From the analysis above can be concluded if the business of Cultivation Beet plant is very profitable where the capital Rp 4.500.000 with kentungan per month Rp 4.925.000 and turnover in 1 month. Beet is ready for harvest when the age has reached between 8-10 weeks. Harvesting is done in a simple way that is by pulling the beet plant carefully so as not to damage the tubers and then the leaves and roots are cut. However, the trunks are cut 4-5 cm left to keep the tubers fresh because the beet bits remove the sap that causes tubers to wither due to excessive evaporation.