Regulatory mutants in the hemoglobin system of Chironomus larvae can be detected by shifts in the relative quantity of specific components among the 10-12 mixed monomers. One such mutant, at or near a hemoglobin structural locus in the right tip of chromosome 3, greatly increases the quantity of that minor hemoglobin and greatly diminishes the quantity of the hemoglobin normally most abundant. Heterozygotes for the mutant are quantitatively intermediate, suggesting a transcriptional basis.-Structural similarities of the two hemoglobins indicate a close evolutionary relationship, and their interdependent but non-coordinate regulation is interpreted as competition for a common factor which functions in transcription. If evolutionary duplication of both structural genes and promotors is assumed, this factor may be a sigma subunit of RNA polymerase which recognizes similar but non-identical promotor regions. Parallels in the compensatory control of human hemoglobins are described. HE larval hemoglobins of Chironomus tentans provide an unusually favorTable situation for quantitative studies of synthesis within a family of proteins which, by their evolution from a single ancestral globin form, are related in structure and function and are encoded by multiple loci in various stages of evolutionary divergence. To summarize the salient features: ( 1 ) Individual larvae have as many as 10-12 different hemoglobins, combined in solution in the hemolymph of the open circulatory system (THOMPSON and ENGLISH 1966; TICHY 1968). (2) In Chironomus tentans, these hemoglobins are all monomers with a molecular weight of about 15,900 and are apparently encoded by an equivalent number of structural genes (THOMPSON, BLEECKER and ENGLISH 1968; TICHY 1968). Quantitative analysis is presumably not complicated by regulatory mechanisms involving dimer or tetramer assembly. ( 3 ) The composite hemoglobins comprise an estimated 40% of the total dissolved proteins of the hemolymph (BRAUN 1964; BRAUN, FORMANEK and BRAUNITZER 1968), and are so much more abundant than any other specific protein that extraordinarily small samples, with no prior purification, can be used effectively in routine electrophoretic analysis. Dedicated to Professor CURT STERN on the occasion of his retirement. Supported by Grant GB129Ol from the National Science Foundation. Genetics 5 0 : 275-290 February, 1972. 276 P. THOMPSON A N D G. PATEL (4) Although phenotypically visible mutants are not extensively known in Chironomus, many of the hemoglobin factors can be mapped in racial or species crosses (Ch. tentans x Ch. pallidiuittatus) by their linkage to cytologically visible inversions. This correlation of hemoglobin types with salivary chromosome analysis has shown that at least 7 hemoglobin factors are linked on chromosome 3 (TICHY 1968, 1970; THOMPSON 1968; THOMPSON, ENGLISH and BLEECKER 1969), and that they are distributed in at least 3 well-spaced regions (TICHY 1970). (5) Differences within species usually involve relative quantity of the various hemoglobins, rather than numbers and kinds of different components (THOMPSON. unpublished). Genetic heterozygosity rarely contributes to the total number of hemoglobins (THOMPSON and ENGLISH 1966). (6) Structural relationships among the 10 or so larval hemoglobins of a related species, Ch. thummi, have been studied in the greatest detail by BRAUTITZER and his associates. These studies have included the determination of Nterminal and C-terminal amino acids, amino acid compositions and fingerprinting (BRAUN 1964; BRAUNITZER and BRAUN 1965; BRAUN, CRICHTON and BRAUNITZER 1968) and to some extent amino acid sequences (BR.~L--NITZER and NEUWIRTH 1968; BUSE, BRAIG and BRAUNITZER 1969). The various chain types show a wide range of similarity and difference, but are obviously evolved from a common ancestral form. A similar situation is assumed in Ch. tentans on the basis of comparable multiplicity and identical molecular weight. These multiple hemoglobins offer another important advantage over the enzymatic proteins in studies of rate of synthesis. The assay for a particular component is independent of activity and can be based on a straightforward physical parameter, usually absorptioll at 412 mp as an index of quantity of heme in that electrophoretic component. Furthermore, the pattern of relative quantity of the various hemoglobins is only slightly variable among individuals from any of the strains reported here, so that total hemoglobin or other peak heights provide an internal standard of quantity for any single hemoglobin. Finally, differences in relative quantity from one developmental stage to another are consistent among individuals, so that strain variations are easily separated from developmmtal changes in rate of synthesis. An exception to the observation that most intraspecific variations are minor shifts in relative quantities of hemoglobins is found in a quantitative "polymorphism" among larvae from a locality in western Iowa. This variation. apparently due to a single regulatory mutation, greatly decreases the relative quantity (and synthesis) of what normally would constitute the most abundant hemoglobin. At the same time, this mutation greatly increases the synthesis of an erstwhile minor hemoglobin, so that in mutant larvae it represents the major component. Although the loci of the structural genes for these hemoglobins appear to be closely linked and although the hemoglobins themselves are quite similar in primary structure. the pattern of quantitative change from normal to mutant is essentially the reverse of coordinate control as found in bacterial COMPENSATORY REGULATION 277 systems, and is mare similar to the compensatory changes in quantity associated with ,&thalassemia in man. MATERIALS A N D METHODS Chironomus stocks: The larvae for this study came from laboratory populations deriving from collections at two localities only five miles apart, in order to minimize differences of genetic background. Larvae showing the pattern normally found in North American collections were from a collection in the west bay of Lake Okoboji, Dickinson Co., Iowa. Larvae showing the mutant pattern of hemoglobin quantities were from a collection at Jemmerson Slough, Dickinson Co., Iowa. The mutant, which was initially found in a number of heterozygous individuals, was established in a homozygous stock by analyzing a small quantity of hemolymph (about 0.025 ml) to identify mutant individuals without killing them, then mating adults raised from these larvae. The designation "Jemmerson" refers to this homozygous mutant strain. Analyiical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: Polyacrylamide disc gels for scanning and quantification were prepared by a modification of the method of ORNSTEIN (1964) and DAVIS (1964), as described by BLEECKER (1969). In this continuous system, both gel and chamber buffers consisted of 0.0023 M Tris and 0.0413 M glycine at pH 8.3. Gels were prerun in the Buchler electrophoresis apparatus for 2 h r in order to remove the catalysts. Larvae were punctured anally in order to obtain adequate hemoglobin samples with very low mortality. The unrefined hemolymph was combined with a small quantity of reference dye (brom phenol blue) in 10% sucrose prior to sample application. Electrophoresis of samples was carried out at 0.75 mA/tube and was complete when the dye had traveled 6 cm, usually in 15-20 min. The system was cooled to 5°C with a Savant recirculating water cooler. The standard procedure for analyzing hemoglobin separations was to scan the unstained gel in its glass tube at 412 rqp, using the Gilford Model 240 spectrophotometer with Model 2410 linear transport. Another scan was carried out at 605 m p to place the dye peak, and R, value for each hemoglobin component was based on the latter. Preparaiion of indiuidual hemoglobins: Large numbers of larvae (300-1000) were washed, cut open and bled into Tris-glycine buffer identical to that used in electrophoresis. The larval debris was removed by centrifugation at 40,000 x g for 30 min. The supernatant was reduced in volume with dry Sephadex G-25 in Seprafuge tubes (Occomy Associates) and a 5 ml solution was filtered by passage through a column of Sephadex G-100 equilibrated with Tris-glycine buffer. At this point, about 0.5 mg total hemoglobin per larva is normally recovered. The single hemoglobin peak from Sephadex filtration was collected, reduced in volume, and applied to a polyacrylamide gel column in the Buchler Poly-Prep apparatus for preparative electrophoresis. A continuous system identical to that described for analytical electrophoresis was used, except that the concentration of Tris and glycine in the lower buffer chamber and membrane holder was increased three fold. Separations very similar to those from analytical runs were obtained. The eluted peaks from preparative electrophoresis were then electrophoresed once more with the continuous system in an E-C vertical slab apparatus. Clearly separated bands were cut from the gel, the hemoglobin eluted with Tris-glycine buffer, and its purity tested by analytical electrophoresis of a small aliquot. Further evidence for purity was found in the identification of single N-terminal amino acids. Determination of N-ierminal residues: A 5 mg sample of each individual hemoglobin, following isolation by repeated electrophoresis, was precipitated with cold trichloroacetic acid and washed with distilled water. The protein was redissolved in a small volume of 10% sodium bicarbonate and reacted with dinitrofluorobenzene to produce DNP labelling of free amino groups, in order to identify the amino-terminal residue. The hydrolysis of DNP-protein was carried out with 6 N hydrochloric acid, refluxed for 6 hr. Aqueous and ether-soluble fractions were washed and evaporated to near dryness. The dried amino acids were redissolved, ether-soluble in acetone and aqueous in 0.5 N hydrochloric acid, and were chromatographed wi


We define an effective surface potential of spherical particle, which can be decomposed as φ(κh)=Y(h)+ΔY(h). First part of the effective surface potential is the unperturbed surface potential which is expressed by equation(6) in the text and other part is a perturbed surface potential of the particle due to the presence of the other particle. Furthermore, a detailed derivation of interaction energy and force between identical spheres in linear superposition approximation is presented. Thus very simple analytic formulas are presented between two identical spherical particles for interaction energy at moderate potential. The agreement with exact numerical results is considerably improved for free energy, but not force. The reason is that the relation of the energy and the force is the relation of integration and differentiation but integration can smooth an integrand and defferentiation exposes singularity of a function. Terefore, the agreement with exact numerical results is better for free energy, but not force.


The aerospace sector with its high and demanding quality standards is a heavy user of non-destructive testing (NDT) and especially X-ray inspection. Increasing production volumes and higher quality standards require efficient and reproducible inspection processes. Digital Radiography (DR) allows to achieve both targets but poses many new challenges. A main focus will be the different quality metrics of the X-ray setup like spatial resolution (SR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Contrast Sensitivity (CS), focal spot analysis and long-term stability evaluation of Digital Detector Arrays (DDA). Additionally, the spotlight will be on the industry standards like ASTM 2737 and ASTM 2597, DICONDE, process requirements like NADCAP and specific company standards like the Boeing BSS7044 or Airbus AITM. During the introduction, the most relevant use cases of DR in Aerospace and its specific challenges will be presented and analyzed. A special focus will be on weld inspection and honeycomb structures with very unique requirements. Another spotlight will be on efficient system design and automation using modern robot handling or manipulation systems. A side note will evaluate the changes of Computed Radiography (CR) as a transfer technology to a completely digitized process. This includes the need for traceability and inclusion to MES or production management systems (Industry 4.0). M or e in fo a bo ut th is a rt ic le : ht tp :// w w w .n dt .n et /? id = 22 66 3


In the economic and legal world, 'Administrative Monopoly' is considered a concept that administrative power of the government and the subsidiary organization interferes free competition in the market in the process of switch from planned economy to market economy. For 2 decades Chinese academic world has been through a lot of controversies the substantial meaning of administrative monopoly, how to express it and whether it is legitimate or not, etc. Thus in the anti-monopoly law drafted in February 2004, a separate article about prohibition on administrative monopoly was set up enumerating the examples in detail such as prohibition on purchase of particularly designated products by the central administrative organization and its subsidiary offices (Article 32), prohibition on market entrance of new businesses (Article 33) and on restriction or exclusion of competition (Article 32), etc. Since majority has voted negatively against it in the inspection of the draft, so in amended draft passed on June 7, 2006 it was reduced to one provision on legal responsibility for administrative monopoly and now in Article 8 of the anti-monopoly law stating that an organization with management ability of public affairs, authorized by administrative organization and law shall not exclude or restrict competition abusing the administrative authority," and in Article 5, it is separately regulated on abuse of administrative authority to exclude or restrict competition. On the contrary in the anti-monopoly law of Korea includes a regulation that suggests a resolution of many problems so far, however, there is no clear answer yet about how to prohibit administrative monopoly by the regulation. Therefore we intend to examine theories on administrative monopoly that is currently being discussed in China and look for an effective and fundamental solution of administrative monopoly.


Reviews Mindfulness and Psychotherapy edited by C. K. Germer, R. D. Siegel and P. R. Fulton (see record 2005–07373–000). In the past 10 years, mindfulness has moved from a largely unknown concept and practice among therapists to a visible and emerging field of study. "Paying attention in a particular way-on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally" (Kabat-Zinn, 1994, p. 4) is a popular definition of mindfulness. Mindfulness, a highly systematic, empirical first-person inquiry at the heart of Buddhist psychology, is now meeting with the Western third-person empirical model of psychological inquiry, resulting in a synthesis that has the potential to advance the state of psychotherapy theory and practice. The book is a brave and brilliant compilation from 11 different authors that explores many of the different ways that mindfulness can inform the theory and practice of psychotherapy–drawing on Buddhist psychology and teachings while being sensitive to the culturally defined therapy of the West. Most of the contributors are therapists who have been practicing Buddhist meditation for many years. The main strength of the book is in its broad presentation of the many ways that mindfulness can inform therapy. What the book does not do is go into depth into any one particular area. And the biggest thing this book cannot do is engage in the practice of mindfulness for the reader. In summary, this book may be a marker for the direction of a paradigm shift taking place in the field of psychology. This shift may have been anticipated as far back as the early 1900s, with William James' famous prediction that psychologists would all be studying Buddhist psychology within 25 years. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)


Activation of neurons in the anterolateral bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST ALG ) plays an important role in mediating the behavioral response to stressful and anxiogenic stimuli. Application of 5-HT elicits complex postsynaptic responses in BNST ALG neurons, which includes 1) membrane hyperpolarization (5-HT Hyp ), 2) hyperpolarization followed by depolarization (5-HT Hyp-Dep ), 3) depolarization (5-HT Dep ) or 4) no response (5-HT NR ). We have shown that the inhibitory response is mediated by activation of postsynaptic 5-HT 1A receptors. Here, we used a combination of in vitro whole-cell patch-clamp recording and single cell reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to determine the pharmacological properties and molecular profile of 5-HT receptor subtypes mediating the excitatory response to 5-HT in BNST ALG neurons. We show that the depolarizing component of both the 5-HT Hyp/Dep and the 5-HT Dep response was mediated by activation of 5-HT 2A , 5-HT 2C and/or 5-HT 7 receptors. Single cell RT-PCR data revealed that 5-HT 7 receptors (46%) and 5-HT 1A receptors (41%) are the most prevalent receptor subtypes expressed in BNST ALG neurons. Moreover, 5-HT receptor subtypes are differentially expressed in Type I – III BNST ALG neurons. Hence, 5-HT 2C receptors are almost exclusively expressed by Type III neurons, whereas 5-HT 7 receptors are by Type I and II neurons, but not Type III neurons. Conversely, 5-HT 2A receptors are found predominantly in Type II neurons. Finally, bi-directional modulation of individual neurons occurs only in Type I and II neurons. Significantly the distribution of 5-HT receptor subtypes in BNST ALG neurons predicted the observed expression pattern of 5-HT responses determined pharmacologically. Together, these results suggest that 5-HT can differentially modulate the excitability of Type I – III neurons, and further suggest that bi-directional modulation of BNST ALG neurons occurs primarily through an interplay between 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 7 receptors. Hence, modulation of 5-HT 7 receptor activity in the BNST ALG may offer a novel avenue for the design of anxiolytic medications. application, we used whole-cell patch-clamp recording and subtype selective antagonists to block the excitatory response to exogenous 5-HT application, and subtype selective agonists to mimic 5-HT induced excitation, followed by single cell RT-PCR screening of the mRNA expression of these receptor subtypes. we used RT-PCR to detect the expression of mRNA transcripts for multiple 5-HT receptor subtypes in BNST ALG tissue and also single BNST ALG neurons. Our PCR data clearly suggest that at least three 5-HT receptor subtypes mediate the excitatory effects of 5-HT on consistent the initial hyperpolarization and associated outward a slower overlapping membrane depolarization and associated inward when 5-HT was in the of the 5-HT 1A receptor a monophasic inward was characteristics of the inward current and


This study presents an investigation about the effect of size variation on mechanical performance of square core interlocking structures, by using finite element analysis (FEA). The material used in this study is flax fibre reinforced polypropylene (PP) composite. Abaqus software was used for modelling and visualizing number of six interlocking honeycomb structures with different cell sizes and heights. In the first analysis, Abaqus/standard was performed on the perfect models by applying quasi-static loading to identify the imperfection shape and obtaining the buckling Eigen-modes for the models, then the Eigen-modes from abaqus/standard were imported to abaqus/explicit to run post-buckling analysis and simulate the overall imperfection behaviour of models. The numerical results from the finite element analysis simulation were used to plot load-displacement curve to each model. The area under the load-displacement curve represents the total absorbed energy, energy absorption per unit mass indicates the specific energy absorption, and the highest value of specific energy absorption represents the optimum size. The findings demonstrated that the square interlocking structure exhibits good energy absorption performance in some geometrical cases, and also revealed that the natural fibre composites have unique energy absorption capability under quasi-static loads.


Studied on the compound antiseptic had been composed of potassium sorbate and sodium ehydroacetate to perform the preservation experiment with snow pear juice.Used the change of total numbers of colony,sugar and Vitamin C to reflect the preservation effect of antiseptic.Examinated the bacteriostasis ability of sole antiseptic and compound antiseptic. After 10 weeks preservation,the contents of sugar in snow pear juice which had not added antiseptic had droped 26 %. The snow pear juice sample which had added potassium sorbate,sodium dehydroacetate and the compound antiseptic,the contents of sugar had respectively droped 11.6 %,9.2 % and 8 %. But the antiseptic had the adverse effect to the Vitamin C in preservation.


Chinese ethnic in Bangka Island has been there since the colonialism and has become part of tin mining history on the island. It is no wonder that the acculturation has stated for a long time ago especially in the grass root society. This study found out how is Chinese assimilation in this area using the qualitative approach. Based on the data from interviews and observations on the field, the writer found out that Chinese assimilation on the island formed a unity identity without losing their own identity. Tong Ngin Fan Ngin Tjit Tjong which means Chinese and Native, has become the grass roots' principle and social bond among them. Since the reformation in 1998, this broadens the relation from social into electoral politics. However, the spirit of acculturation in the grass roots must be kept that it doesn't appear to the surface. The celebration of Chinese identity recognition must be done naturally so as not to cause antipathy. The tolerance that has been practiced so far at the grassroots must be strengthened so that when conflicts of elite interests occur, relations at the grassroots level are not affected.


There are many lives lost every year due to cancer and among them; among the women breast cancer causes the most deaths. For the better prediction of breast cancer risks, numerous studies have been undertaken incorporating data mining techniques. 1.1 million Cases of breast cancer were reported in 2004. It has been seen over the years that, that the numbers increase with the increasing industrialization and urbanization. It was earlier observed that mostly affected countries with breast cancer were high income countries such as America but now a days it is also very serious issue in middle and low income countries like Africa, Latin America and Asia. The main objective of this paper is to create a model which can more efficiently and accurately categorize a cancer as malignant or benevolent based on interpretation of the numerical values of attributes of ultrasound images of breast cancer. In this paper various data mining algorithm used like SVM(Support Vector Machine) for prediction and compared it with various other algorithms such as CART, Logistic Regression, KNN for the best training and test accuracy. SVM algorithm gives the most accurate results among the rest algorithm.


further investigation in its particular deployments—such as at the FGS. The work is at its best when it delves into the records and narratives of students of the school, highlighting the often-neglected experiences of those who studied within missionary schools. The complex lives of the students of the FGS are often at the forefront and reveal the ways the students understood and adapted their Quaker education. Here Othman offers a compelling portrait of how Quaker educational values came into tension with the nationalist struggle of Mandateera Palestine—where the Quaker teachers saw such values as producing socially-engaged, but ultimately submissive women. Othman highlights stories of how students embraced and adapted missionary education to their own purposes. On the one hand, many students accepted the Quaker emphasis on modesty of dress and simplicity of life. On the other hand, numerous students began writing and speaking in promotion of gender equality within the nationalist movement. Likewise, as participants within nationalist activism, some students challenged the colonial hegemony on which the mission itself was at least partially dependent. Othman notably observes that the nationalist spirit among students, which the American educators initially discourage, eventually forced the missionaries to confront their positions and begin to take more seriously the issues at stake. Importantly, the students of the school are revealed not as passive subjects of mission, but as active agents navigating the pressures of the missionary, traditional, and nationalist expectations. Negotiating Palestinian Womanhood adds to the emerging canon of missionary studies, presenting both the missionaries and the students as equal participants. Othman carefully contextualizes the experiences of the missionaries and students of the FGS in Ramallah within the larger socialpolitical context of Palestine as it changed under Ottoman and British authority. The work offers a compelling case study, confirming many of the emerging arguments and approaches of the recent trends in mission history.


We examined the role of gaze in a matching task, where subjects had to reproduce the position of remembered visual target with the tip of the index finger. For brevity, we will refer to this task as pointing. Subjects were tested in three visual feedback conditions: complete darkness (DARK), complete darkness with visual feedback of the finger position (FINGER), and with vision of a well-defined environment and feedback of the finger position (FRAME). Pointing accuracy increases with feedback about the finger or visual environment. In the FINGER and FRAME conditions, the 95% confidence regions of the variable errors have an ellipsoidal distribution with the main axis oriented towards the subjects' head. During the one-second period, when the target is visible, gaze is almost on target. However, gaze drifts away from the target relative to the subject in the delay period after target disappearance. In the FINGER and FRAME conditions, gaze returns towards the remembered target during pointing. In all three feedback conditions, the correlations between the variable errors of gaze and pointing position increase during the delay period, reaching highly significant values at the time of pointing. Our results demonstrate that gaze affects the accuracy of pointing. We conclude that the covariance between gaze and pointing position reflects a common drive for gaze and arm movements and an effect of gaze on pointing accuracy at the time of pointing. Previous studies interpreted the orientation of variable errors as indicative for a frame of reference used for pointing. Our results suggest that the orientation of the error ellipses towards the head is at least partly the result of gaze drift in the delay period. keywords: Reaching, proprioception, reference frame, pointing, vision


The standard chirplet transform (CT) with a chirp-modulated Gaussian window provides a valuable tool for analyzing linear chirp signals. The parameters present in the window determine the performance of the CT and play a vital role in high-resolution time-frequency (TF) analysis. In this paper, we give the window shape analysis of the CT and compare it with the extension that employs a rotating Gaussian window by the fractional Fourier transform. The given parameters analysis provides theoretical guidance for developing high-resolution CT. We then propose a multi-resolution chirplet transform (MrCT) by combining multiple CTs with different parameter combinations. These are combined geometrically to obtain an improved TF resolution by overcoming the limitations of any single representation of the CT. By deriving a combined instantaneous frequency equation, we further develop a high-concentration TF post-processing approach to improve the readability of the MrCT. Numerical experiments on simulated and real signals verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.


Using unique mobile App usage data in South Korea during and after the major pandemic, we examined private investment behaviors to enhance understanding of the disproportionate impacts of Covid-19 by income level. Our empirical analysis showed that, as the pandemic progressed, those with higher incomes increased usage of bitcoin trading Apps, but those with lower incomes augmented employment of stock trading Apps. Study implications are valuable for trading agencies in implementation of digital strategies for private and retail investors. Citation: Hwang Kim and Yuinyon Kim, (2022) ''The Disproportionate Impacts of Covid-19 on Private Investors During and After the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Mobile Trading App Analysis in South Korea'', Economics Bulletin, Vol. 42 No. 1 pp. 208-214. Contact: Hwang Kim firstname.lastname@example.com, Yuinyon Kim email@example.com. Submitted: June 17, 2021. Published: February 20, 2022.


ABSTRACT Reactions of bis-hydrazonoyl bromide 1 with each of phenyl-5-arylidene-2-thioxo-thiazol-4-one, triazinethiones and 4,6-dimethyl-2,6-dioxocyclohexane-1-thiocarboxanilide as sulfur dipolarophilic reagents led to the formation of the hitherto unreported 1,3-phenylene bis-heterocycles 4, 8 and 10, respectively. The structures of the isolated products were established on the basis of their elemental and spectral analyses. The mechanism and the site selectivity in the studied reactions are discussed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Photoacoustic measurements for polycrystalline samples of orthorhombic YBa2Cu3O7−x, GdBa2Cu3O7−x, and DyBa2Cu3O7−x have been carried out in the range of temperatures between 85 and 100 K. An anomalous change of photoacoustic signal due to the specific heat anomaly of the superconductor at transition temperature has been observed. The temperature at which the photoacoustic signal intensity changes anomalously has been found to correspond to the offset temperature of superconducting transition in resistivity measurement. The changes of photoacoustic signal have been analyzed using Rosencwaig and Gersho's theory [J. Appl. Phys. 47, 64 (1976)]. The superconducting transition of the samples was, from the photoacoustic measurements, found to be a second‐order transition with no latent heat.


Learning is central to knowledge-bas ed development. It is through learning that innovation capabilities of firm and social capabilities to adapt to change get improved. This paper focuses on learning at firm and in cluster in developing countries. Three distinctive paths or models of industrial latecomer learning are analyzed: a) individual firm-based latecomer learning, with Korean firms as prototype; b) network-based latecomer learning, with Taiwanese firms as prototype; c) 're-combinati on' latecomer learning which takes place during profound transition in economic regimes, with Chinese firms as prototype. Machinery and ICT (information and communications technology) industries are the sectoral background of analysis. Reviewing three learning models rather than one model is intended to, and merely intended to, expand our understanding that models or trajectories of learning by industrial latecomers are plural. The analysis leads to identificatio n that, firstly, learning of industrial latecomers is difficult. It entails discontinuous knowledge and skills acquisition, and is a process away from the state of equilibrium. Secondly, in latecomer learning the role of human capital is very central. It makes up the major input from the learner's part so that the intrinsic difficulties involved are possible to be surmounted. Thirdly, internationally migratory technological knowledge has developed much more extensive and multi-form. It provides latecomer learners reference points to entry. The paper then summarizes the implications in terms of technology strategy in catchingup, including technological choices for entry and the nature of catching-up, which is now open to redress from the perspective of learning.


Experiments have been conducted to study contamination of magmas in four environments : (1)
above subducted slabs, (2) below and (3) above the mantle-continental crust boundary, and (4) within shallow
crust. Reaction couples of peridotite or amphibolite with a sharp boundary against hydrous silicic melts
define (1) diffusion profiles within contaminated melts and (2) crystalline reaction zones between the two
materials. Mixtures of rocks peridotite-tonalite-granodiorite-granite with water define phase boundaries delineating
the extent of contamination of slab-derived melts rising through mantle and of crustal melts in contact
with peridotites {e.g., cumulates). Chemical diffusion in granite melts at 1.5 kbar, 810 °C is slow ; diffusion
between hot, hydrous basalt-rhyolite at 10 kbar is faster. Convection occurs in H20-undersaturated granite
melt at 10-15 kbar, 920-1050 °C, during passage of a melting front through crystalline granite adjacent serpentinized
peridotite, the source of H_2O; the convective motions transport contaminated melt away from the
diffusion zone, which therefore remains narrow. Rates of contamination and mixing of magmas near the
mantle-crust boundary are likely to be much faster than in shallow crustal plutons. Slab-derived melts are
richer in Ca/Mg than calc-alkaline rocks, and contamination with overlying mantle at depth makes them richer
in Mg/Ca than calc-alkaline rocks. Near the mantle crust boundary, Ca/Mg in contamined melts is appropriate
for calc-alkaline rocks.


Methylation of biologically active molecules is achieved by methyltransferases (MTases). MTases can act on proteins through N - or O -carboxylmethylation reactions. Methylation of lysine and glutamic acid residues was recently described on the N-terminal tail of At PIP2;1, a plasma membrane aquaporin of plants. In this study, we combine a bioinformatic and a biochemical screen and identify two MTases of Arabidopsis thaliana , SDG7 (At2g44150) and OMTF3 (At3g61990), as acting on the N-terminal tail of At PIP2;1, at Lys3 and Glu6, respectively. Confocal microscopy imaging showed the two enzymes to be associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. An in vitro assay using various At PIP2;1 N-terminal peptides as a bait allowed characterization of the enzymatic properties of recombinant SDG7 and OMTF3. The two enzymes showed minimal apparent K m values for their substrates, S -adenosylmethionine and peptide, in the range of 5–8 and 2–9 µM, respectively. SDG7 was shown to almost exclusively mono- or di-methylate Lys3. In contrast, OMTF3 specifi cally methylated Glu6, this methylation being dependent on the methylation profi le of the neighboring Lys3 residue. In conclusion, this study allows the characterization of the fi rst MTases able to methylate plant transmembrane proteins and provides the fi rst identifi cation of a glutamate-MTase in eukaryotes.


Neuroleptics , antidepressants , lithium , anxiolytics, and hypnotics may be excreted in breast milk. Because ofthe danger to the neonate, drugs such as diazepam, lithium, bromides, reserpine, and opium alkaloids should not be given to lactating women, and barbiturates, haloperidol, andpenfluridol should be administered with caution . The side effects produced as a result ofbreast-feeding ofthe infant by mothers consuming psychotropic drugs are reviewed and possible preventive measures are discussed. PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGICAL agents are used frequently during pregnancy to control nausea and vomiting and during labor for analgesic purposes, as well as after delivery for anxiety and depression. Thus they may reach infants of nursing mothers receiving these medications. Even though there are many reports of neonatal toxicity resulting from breast-feeding by mothers treated with psychopharmacological agents, no definitive answer to the problem is currently available. In this paper the available literature is reviewed with the following aims: to provide guidelines as to what drugs to avoid giving breast-feeding mothers, to point out the need to anticipate side effects and observe the baby carefully if the mother is taking any drugs, and to point out the importance of monitoring the infant carefully if the mother is taking certain drugs known to produce side effects in the neonate.


An occupancy sensor device for monitoring a space includes a transmitter portion and a receiver portion. The receiver portion is located remotely from the transmitter portion. To enable reliable detection of occupancy within the monitored space, an estimate of the signal transmitted by the active sensor in the transmitter portion is compared to the signal received by the transmitted portion.


An accurate estimation of the battery State of Charge (SoC) is essential for reliable and energy-efficient operation of electric vehicles (EVs). Model-based algorithms have been ubiquitously accepted for SoC estimation due to their promising features. However, challenges remain concerning the elevated modeling precision requirement and appropriate filter parameter selection. This paper presents a novel combined model-based algorithm that instead of the prevailing implementation of the equivalent circuit model (ECM), an offline trained neural network (NN) is configured with an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) considering its capability of highly nonlinear battery modeling. Distinct profiles are employed to compare the modeling performances between NN and ECM. Subsequently, the proposed method is further explored with the residual-based adaptive covariance matching algorithm aiming to tune filter parameters dynamically. For comparison, ECM based EKF and UKF, along with the adaptive algorithm are also constructed. Ultimately, the presented filters are assessed and discussed under situations of initial offset, capacity error, and current sensor drift considering shunt thermal effects with real data obtained from WLTP lab results.


The ability to speak English is one of the skills that must be possessed by students as their expertise that can be used in the field of work and is also important for teachers to teach and practice in the learning process. In the world of work, children who have graduated are required to have skills in communicating in English, and communication students are also expected to understand communication literacy. Many are good at speaking English but sometimes lack direction and lack of knowledge about communication literacy. On this occasion, the lecturers of Putera Batam University held a Coaching for Students and Teachers on Profession English Proficiency and Communication Law Literacy for Teachers and Students at MTs Manbaa'ul Nurul Hidayah Batam. The method used is by collecting data from observations, questionnaires and group discussions. The result of this service is that participants already understand English and communication legal literacy. There are 60% of the participants who have practiced English and communication law literacy.


Exergy thermodynamics is employed to analyze a binary ammonia water mixture thermodynamic cycle that produces both power and refrigeration. The analysis includes exergy destruction for each component in the cycle as well as the first law and exergy efficiencies of the cycle. The optimum operating conditions are established by maximizing the cycle exergy efficiency for the case of a solar heat source. Performance of the cycle over a range of heat source temperatures of 320-460°K was investigated. It is found that increasing the heat source temperature does not necessarily produce higher exergy efficiency, as is the case for first law efficiency. The largest exergy destruction occurs in the absorber, while little exergy destruction takes place in the boiler.


Age‐related deficits in skeletal muscle function are likely potentiated by corresponding reductions in volitional physical activity. Our objective was to investigate the effects of chronic muscle disuse by comparing structural and functional properties of skeletal muscle between healthy older adults with limited physical mobility secondary to knee osteoarthritis (Disuse; n=16) and healthy, recreationally‐active older adults (Controls; n=15). Knee extensor strength and cellular and molecular contractile characteristics were assessed from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies. Isometric and isokinetic knee extensor strength were reduced (34‐43%; p<0.01 for all) with disuse, as was single fiber force production in MHC I (18%; p 0.1 for all). Myosin‐actin cross‐bridge kinetic parameters were reduced in MHC I with disuse, as evidenced by prolonged actin‐myosin attachment time (+20%; p <0.01), but not in MHC IIA or IIA/X fibers. A strong trend towards more (+23%; p = 0.06) strongly‐bound cross‐bridges was observed in MHC I fibers with disuse. Considering similar MHC I tension between groups, these data suggest intrinsic impairments in molecular level force production/transmission with disuse. In summary, although cellular level deficits in force production are explained by atrophy, molecular level changes, which are independent of fiber size, may contribute to impaired whole muscle performance observed with chronic muscle disuse.


Crystalline dimethyl(pentane-2,4-dionato)indium(III), [Me2In(acac)]2, has been prepared by the reaction of dimethylindium methoxide and pentane-2,4-dione in toluene. An X-ray structure determination shows that in the solid state, the complex is dimeric. [Me2In(acac)]2 has been used as a single-source precursor for the deposition of cubic In2O3 thin films by low pressure metal–organic chemical vapour deposition (LP-MOCVD) at temperatures ranging from 350 to 450 °C, on borosilicate glass, Si(100) and GaAs(111) substrates. All the as-deposited indium oxide films are single phase, cubic-In2O3.


By analyzing the characteristics of Tactical Ballistic Missile(TBM),this paper proposes a strategy to reduce redundant coupled factors of anti TBM operations coupled tasks.It studies the coupled factors and gets criterion to judge redundant coupled factors based on global sensitivity equation,then realizes coarse-grained task decomposition to recognize coupled task sets based on boolean design structure matrix,accessibility matrix and strongly connected matrix.It applies tearing algorithm based on time-coupling to optimize execution sequence of coupled sets.This method can efficiently reduce redundant factors of coupled tasks to shorten task implement time,and provide a new thought to achieve anti TBM operations tasks.


This paper comments on the new Media Lab global initiatives such as the 2B1 Foundation, Center for Future Children, and Junior Summit. Ideas are presented for how existing Media Lab technologies can be integrated within the goals of these enterprises. These ideas are not necessarily limited to children and are mostly in the areas of health and education.


Wroclaw University of Technology (WUT) was founded in 1945. It was housed in the buildings of the former Technische Hochschule Breslau, established in 1910. Nowadays, the University has 12 faculties and over 2,000 academic teachers, which are providing education for more than 32,000 students. The Faculty of Mechanical Engineering (W10) has existed at the WUT from the very beginning. It is currently one of the largest and most important faculties at the University. Over 3,000 are studying in four fields of study: • Mechanics and Machine Design (MMD), • Automation and Robotics (AR), • Management and Manufacturing Engineering (MME), • Transport (TR).


Heat treated melt-spun ribbons of (Nd La) Fe Co Nb B have been studied systematically by supercon-ducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry, conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy (LTEM). The sample's microstructure grew from an amorphous state through a partially crystallized state at 6503C, and "nally to a fully crystallized state at 7503C. Excessive grain growth producing grains from 38 to 68 nm in diameter was observed when the ribbon was annealed at 8503C. Soft magnetic phases such as Fe B and-Fe precipitated at the grain boundaries. These intergranular phases are exchange coupled with the hard phase causing a decrease of H. Exchange-coupling dominant and dipolar-coupling dominant regions co-exist inside the sample. In the latter regions, snake-shaped interactive domains are frequently observed. 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


Original Article Combined effects of elevated pCO2, temperature, and starvation stress on larvae of a large tropical marine fish Sean Bignami*, Su Sponaugle, Martha Hauff and Robert K. Cowen Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, USA Biology Department, Concordia University Irvine, 1530 Concordia West, Irvine, CA 92612, USA Department of Integrative Biology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA Biology Department, Shields Science Center, Stonehill College, 320 Washington St, Easton, MA 02357, USA Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, 2030 SE Marine Science Dr, Newport, OR 97365, USA


In this article, we study the small gaps of the log-gas $\beta$-ensemble on the unit circle, where $\beta$ is any positive integer. The main result is that the $k$-th smallest gap, normalized by $n^{\frac {\beta+2}{\beta+1}}$, has the limit proportional to $x^{k(\beta+1)-1}e^{-x^{\beta+1}}$. In particular, the result applies to the classical COE, CUE and CSE in random matrix theory. The essential part of the proof is to derive several identities and inequalities regarding the Selberg integral, which should have their own interest.


A 56‐year‐old man with refractory B‐cell lymphocytic non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was treated in a Phase II study with interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) (Roussel‐Uclaf, Romainville, France). The patient had involvement of multiple lymph nodes and medullary and peripheral blood (3.6 × 10′ monoclonal CD19‐positive [CD19+] B‐lymphocytes/l). After a 5‐day cycle of IL‐2 treatment, an eightfold increase of the monoclonal CD19+ population was observed (27 × 109 monoclonal CD19+ cells). The lymphocytosis decreased dramatically during the second cycle (days 15 to 19) of IL‐2 treatment, resulting in 6 × 109/l peripheral lymphocytes, with 5.5 × 109 B‐lymphocytes. As soon as day 20, peripheral B‐cells again increased considerably, with 32 × 109 CD19+ cells/l at day 27. The CD19+ population remained monoclonal as assessed by kappa/lambda cell‐surface phenotyping and kappa gene rearrangement evaluation. Kinetics of the monoclonal B‐lymphocyte response to IL‐2 paralleled the natural killer/lymphokine‐activated killer and T‐cell response, with a 4‐day latency period, suggesting an indirect enhancing effect of IL‐2. Before and during IL‐2 treatment, peripheral B‐lymphocytes never expressed detectable levels of the p55 IL‐2 receptor. However, the p75 IL‐2 receptor was expressed significantly in the IL‐8‐responsive monoclonal B‐cell population. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, a known (in vitro) B‐cell tumor growth factor, reached high serum levels during IL‐2 treatment. Response evaluation at day 45 showed stability of the lymph node involvement and the marrow lymphocyte infiltrate. At day 45, peripheral B‐cell lymphocytosis was 7.5 × 109/l. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the first report of an in vivo IL‐induced reversible increase of peripheral monoclonal B‐cell lymphocytosis.


Fibrous-type dust filters are used in flooded-bed dust scrubbers to capture dust from underground room and pillar mining atmospheres. They have 10–30 layers of finely woven strands that trap particles through the interception and impaction process. A full-cone water spray is installed upstream of the filter, which floods the screen. A scrubber's efficacy is usually measured and reported in terms of reduction in gravimetric dust concentration at a known location in a mine. This paper reports the particle-size-dependent dust removal efficiency of a fibrous filter obtained from an instrumented test-set up. A variable frequency drive and an inline flow control knob were used to control the airflow through the filter and water flow onto the filter. Optical particle counting of coal dust particles upstream and downstream was carried out to determine the cleaning efficacy. Experiments showed an increase in cleaning efficiency for all the dust particles with their size. A progressive decrease in dust concentration downstream of the filter with an increase in water flow through the nozzle affirmed the capture of dust particles by water sprays.


The transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe are trying to construct viable modern financial markets which provide a wide range of financial instruments. The paper focuses on the evolution of exchange-traded derivatives in Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Romania. The results indicate that the most developed exchange-traded derivatives market is the Polish one. In Hungary, the derivatives on currency rates and stock index futures are the most popular, while in Romania, trading takes place almost only in the market for futures on individual stocks. The use of derivatives in these countries is still limited even though some of these markets have registered a significant development. The main products have as underlying stock and currencies, while interest rate based instruments are still illiquid and underdeveloped.


School. I'd like to thank my family for their support and David Kennedy and Anthony Braga for over 15 years of professional education. I have been profoundly inspired by the work of William J. Stuntz, particularly his article Unequal Justice, infra note [], and his posthumous book, The Collapse of American Criminal Justice, infra note [], which I used to teach a seminar about federal law and urban violence in the spring of 2012. I am indebted to Alex Whiting for his help to provide me the opportunity to teach at the law school and to Dean Martha Minow for appointing me and approving the course. Every student in the class contributed to the development of this article: Roozbeh Alavi, Shamis Beckley, Andrew Chan, Cyndy Chen, Tyeesha Dixon, Christopher Eiswerth, Haley Fagan, Omavi Harshaw, Sean Hill, Catesby Holmes, Brian Itami, Dave Jochnowitz, Guillaume Le Masson, Greer Libbey, Tracee Mergen, Erin Monju, Eric Motherander, Marie Ndiaye, Jennifer Paul, Kenny Pyetranker, Severin Randall, Yoni Schenker, Jaime Simon, and Amanda-Jane Thomas; as did a distinguished list of guest lecturers: Anthony Braga, David Kennedy, Boston Foundation Vice President Robert Lewis, Jr., Boston Police Commissioner Edward Davis, Ten Point Coalition Executive Director and Minister Jeffery Brown, Connecticut U.S. Attorney David Fein, and Massachusetts Assistant U.S. Attorney Glenn MacKinlay. Alexandra Wendell and Yoni Schenker provided superb research assistance. [] reviewed a draft and provided helpful comments and suggestions. All remaining errors are mine alone.


The automated handling of non-rigid sheet material, especially wovens, has to meet the requirements of damage free gripping independently of the material behavior. In this paper, a survey of different physical principles for grippers is given. Hydroadhesive gripping with frozen water as active medium has been selected as the most promising approach. Based on this principle, a novel hydroadhesive gripper prototype has been developed. The gripping process has been mathematically and numerically modeled and validated by experimental results. The analytical method enables to calculate the process parameters like gripping time, Peltier-Module geometry as well as holding forces in designing for implementation.


Abstract : The report covers a research and development program to design and fabricate a prototype cargo-recovery parachute assembly for airdropping heavy unit loads in the order of 50,000 lb. The design study covers the trade-off analysis and cost effectiveness aspects for a complete parachute assembly. From these studies, a design analysis and complete detailed design were made based on the specified performance and design requirements. Use of data reduction on full-scale cargo drops with G-11A parachutes with vent-pull down configuration, scale model wind tunnel tests and parametric studies determined that it is feasible to use a cargo parachute of 135 ft. diam. with a vent-pull down in a cluster of six to recover a load unit of 50,000 lb.


Fifty percentage of the energy consumption inside any building is utilized for space cooling purposes. Energy storage through phase change material (PCM) is a viable option to fulfill the cooling energy requirements. The PCM is usually stored inside multiple containers/packets. However, the PCM's low thermal conductivity is a fundamental problem that delays the solidification time and can be accelerated through the nanoparticle addition and higher heat transfer fluid (HTF) flow rate. The recent advancement in nanoparticles opens an opportunity to enhance the heat transfer characteristics of the PCM. Therefore, a detailed parametric analysis is carried out for the PCM inside a cylindrical container to analyze the impact of thermal conductivity ("k") enhancement through nanoparticle addition and the external surface heat transfer coefficient ("h") on the solidification time reduction of the Water and RT21 PCM. It is concluded from the results that while utilizing gaseous HTF, it is better to increase the surface "h" rather than increasing the "k" of the PCM. On the other hand, for liquid HTF, "k" value played a significant role in solidification time reduction than increasing the "h" value. A considerate amount of solidification time reduction is possible through nanoenhanced RT21 and water PCM. This study will help the researchers/engineers design an energy efficient storage material toward achieving sustainability.


Among the most common critiques of globalization is that it increasingly constrains the ability of democratic communities to make unfettered choices about policies that affect the fundamental welfare of their citizens, including those of health and safety, the environment, and consumer protection. Traditionally, free trade rules were about constraining border measures such as tariffs and quantitative restrictions on imports. Increasingly, however, such rules include requirements and constraints addressed directly to domestic regulation. For example, a country's policies with respect to intellectual property rights or its regulatory approach to network industries, such as telecommunications, may now be fundamentally shaped by rules that are made and interpreted at the international level. One of the most visible and controversial areas where trade rules constrain regulatory diversity is that of food safety. The World Trade Organization ("WTO") Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures ("SPS Agreement"), negotiated in the Uruguay Round and enacted in 1994, requires that countries either adopt harmonized international standards or, if they choose to maintain stricter regulations, base these on risk assessment, scientific principles, and scientific evidence. The SPS Agreement also requires that the regulations adopted be the least trade-restrictive available to achieve the desired level of protection. The above provisions apply even to nondiscriminatory regulations that would not run afoul of the Most Favored Nation and National Treatment provisions of the GATT itself. The SPS Agreement also prohibits "arbitrary" and "unjustified" distinctions in levels of protection in situations that are comparable, where these distinctions lead to "discrimination" or "disguised restriction on trade." Such strictures appear to provide fuel for criticism that globalization suffers a "democratic deficit." As two critics put it, "[t]he essence


It is necessary to determine whether anogenital verrucae in childhood are sexually transmitted. Condyloma acuminatum is a HPV infection which leads to anogenital verrucae. Although it is sexually transmitted, the disease is known to be transmitted through other ways. The aim of this study was to make a medicolegal evaluation of a child brought to the paediatric outpatient clinic for encopresis, to discuss the importance of verrucae as a sign of sexual abuse and to emphasize the role of interdisciplinary cooperation in diagnosis of sexual abuse. � Afifteen-year-oldboywasexaminedforlackofappetiteandencopresislastingsinceyoungagesinthepaediatric� outpatient clinic in Dokuz Eylul University Hospital. The dermatologist detected many hyperkeratic papules in the perianal region pink in colour or of the same colour as the skin. Biopsy showed genital verrucae. The boy was prescribed appropriate treatmentandsenttoourdepartmentforconsultationaboutsexualabuse.�ThefirstevaluationmadeintheDepartmentof� Paediatric Psychiatry did not reveal a history of sexual abuse, but the child is still being followed. It can be recommended that children diagnosed with anogenital condyloma acuminatum should be followed by a multidisciplinary team to determine how it was transmitted.


The study aimed to study the correlation between perceived media usage among
parents and adolescent's Mental Health. A Survey Research Questionnaire was
used to collect data. Perceived media usage among the parents questionnaire was
developed based on review of literature and was face validated by the experts and
Mental Health Inventory-38 were used for data collection. Total 200 adolescents
were taken as sample from different schools of Vadodara. Pearson's product
movement test was used to study correlation between perceived media usage
among parents and adolescent's Mental Health. Result shows that adolescents who
perceive high media usage among parents have poor mental-health. The research
will implicate to enhance mental health of school students.


The paper presents the results of simulation experiments conducted for the assessment of likely changes in the cyclogenesis pattern in the Bay of Bengal (BOB) and the Arabian Sea (AS) resulting from global climate change. Two experiments were performed, namely the 'control' (CTL) experiment in which the greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere was fixed as per 1990 levels and the 'greenhouse gas' (GHG) experiment in which an annual compound increase of 1% from 1990 onwards was introduced. CTL and GHG experiments of 20 years length were performed for the period 2041-2060. The model used is the regional climate model Had RM2 of the Hadley Centre of Climate Prediction and Research, U.K.

 The results have brought out some significant changes in the cyclogenesis pattern in the North Indian Ocean (BOB and AS). The most significant likely change is the increase in the frequency of post-monsoon storms in the Bay of Bengal. The experiments show an increase of about 50% in the post-monsoonal cyclogenesis by 2041-2060 as a result of increased greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. The frequency of monsoon depressions / storms in the BOB is likely to decrease considerably during June-August. Due to varying impacts in different seasons, the annual frequency of cyclonic disturbances may change marginally in the BOB. In the Arabian Sea, however the model has simulated a significant reduction in the frequency which may be halved by the period 2041-2060.
The results show intensification of storms during May-June and September-November. The monsoon depressions  during July-August are  likely to become less intense.

In GHG experiment most of the post-monsoon storms have a tendency to strike north Andhra-Orissa coasts whereas in CTL experiment the storms strike coast from Tamilnadu to south Orissa. Thus, the focus of post-monsoon storms in the BOB is likely to shift northwards from Tamilnadu-Andhra Pradesh coast to north Andhra Pradesh-south Orissa coast. Another important simulated change in storm tracks is that more number of pre-monsoon storms in the BOB may have a tendency to recurve north or northeastwards by 2041-2060.


In artificial intelligence, abstraction has been mainly studied as a mapping between languages in relation to problem-solving, with the aim of reducing the complexity of the task. However, abstraction has a much larger scope in reasoning; we are investigating, in this article, how abstraction can be used in concept representation. To this aim, we propose a novel, perception-based model of abstraction, which originates from the observation that conceptualization of a domain, even though involving entities belonging to several epistemological levels, is nevertheless primarily based on perception. This view has been recently advocated by Goldstone and Barsalou in cognitive science. A model of representation/abstraction is then proposed and its application to a real-world problem of robot visual perception and categorization is presented.


TMJ Disorder refers to a cluster of conditions characterized by pain in the TMJ or its surrounding tissues, functional limitations of mandible or clicking in the TMJ during motion. The main goal of treatment for TMD are to eliminate pain and joint noises and to restore normal mandibular functions1. There are number of therapeutic modalities for TMD includes conservative therapy, cognitive, physicaltherapy, behavioural therapy, pharmacological therapy and intraoral appliances. Various forms of physical therapy intervention, including ultrasound massage therapy (US) and Ozone oil therapy, can be potentially effective for management of TMJ pain disorder.5


The purpose of this paper is to explain and reinterprets Apollonius` Symptoms on conic sections based on the current secondary curriculum of mathematics, present the historical background of Apollonius` Symptoms to teachers and students and introduce visualization proof of Apollonius` symptoms on a parabola, a hyperbola and an ellipse by a new method using dynamic geometry software(GSP) respectively.


Polis for the ancient Greeks was not a settlement that had grown to a quantifiable size. It was a common struggle, the struggle aimed at attaining life according to truth. What it wanted was that social coexistence should have truth as its goal, that it should not simply have a utilitarian purpose . . . . Moreover, they located truth in the common logos/mode (the given rationality) . . . of the relations that make the universe a cosmos, an ornament of harmony, order, and beauty. Such a mode of existence according to truth was what the city, or polis, sought to imitate and realise.2


We studied the vascular pattern of arterial blood supply and the number and distribution of penetrating vessels in 30 pairs of testicles of Murrah buffalos, from 8 months to 5 years old, native from Ilha Solteira (Sao Paulo-Brazil). The vascular pattern was analyzed in plastic models, obtained by injection of vinilyte in the testicular artery and further corrosion of the organ in 30% sulfuric acid. In these animals the testicular artery showed five vascular arrangements. In one case the artery was divided in two branches, named cranial and caudal in 68.4% which showed: a) equivalent participation of both branches in the arterial vascularization in 35.0%; b) the cranial branch was predominant in 21.7%; and finally the predominant branch was the caudal one in 11.7%. In other studied cases, the testicular artery originated three branches: the cranial, the medial and the caudal ones in 20.0% or that artery originated a varied number of cranial (4-7) and caudal (3-5) branches in 11.6%.


As a result of reviewing calcareous nannoplankton taxonomy for the Nannotax website various emendments are proposed here. These affect extant Helicosphaera holococcoliths, the extant genus Anacanthoica, Neogene Triquetrorhabdulus species, Palaeogene Calcidiscus species, and various Mesozoic taxa. In total twenty one new combinations and one new genus, Tripinnalithus, are proposed. Traditional name Young et al. 2003 new term proposed here Syracolithus catilliferus H. carteri HOL solid Helicosphaera HOL catilliferus type Syracolithus confusus H. carteri HOL perforate Helicosphaera HOL confusus type Syracolithus dalmaticus S. dalmaticus Helicosphaera HOL dalmaticus type Syracolithus ponticuliferus S. ponticuliferus Helicosphaera HOL ponticuliferus type JNR_33_1_txt.indd 39 11/08/2014 12:35 Jeremy R. Young, Paul R. Bown 40 rare species but is distinctive and a good specimen was recently illustrated by Yang et al.


The fundamental reason to combine production,teaching,and research lies in educational function,especially its economic function and the function of modern higher school.The combination of production,teaching,and research has a process from lower stage to higher stage.During each stage,the combination is different.All majors should find its suitable way to combine them together.The long-term mechanism to establish the combination needs four conditions.To implement it,every school should consider to every aspect,every process,and every people related to the combination.


Abstract Timing drive systems of recent passenger car engines are usually equipped with chain or synchronous belt drives. The comparatively low stiffness of chains and belts, combined with the large moments of inertia, resulting from moving parts of camshafts and valvetrains, lead to natural frequencies in the frequency range between 80 and 250 Hz for the entire timing drive [1]. Obviously, engine orders dominating the noise excitation are in the same frequency range, and resonance effects cannot be avoided. Furthermore, a guarantee is requested that occurring vibration amplitudes do not exceed acceptable limits. Hence, the predicted results of the primary dynamics of the timing drive are key data for the design analysis of a combustion engine. Besides the low frequency range excitation determined by main engine orders, higher-order structure-borne noise excitation is gaining more importance. This is particularly true for chain-driven systems where specific effects lead to considerable excitation of the engine structure in a higher frequency range (typical whine noise). The excitations are caused by the polygon effect, meshing impacts between chain links and sprockets and impacts in the engagement and disengagement between chain, sprockets and guides. This paper presents a comprehensive multi-body dynamics (MBD) model and the relevant simulation environment, which takes into account the entire timing drive as a fully coupled system. While simple MBD models (e.g. longitudinal span representation) are sufficient for the prediction of the primary dynamics of the timing drive, usually the analysis of higher-frequency dynamics and structural excitation requires a high degree of discretization of drive components to ensure a high-quality representation of the physical behaviour. This leads to a discrete model of chains and belts. Each link or tooth is taken into account separately by its mass properties, viscoelastic characteristics and by its contacts to sprockets, pulleys and guides. This paper describes the mathematical modelling of relevant engine components and the relevant interaction of different force elements. In particular, the consideration of the elastic contact between bodies represented by their real surface shapes is outlined. Finally, simulation results and their comparison with experimental data are presented for a chain-driven system, with discussion of low-frequency primary dynamics and higher-frequency structural excitation. Discrete models have also been developed for timing belts, but their verification with measurements is not completely finished. Hence, this paper only gives an overview of modelling issues.


Tomato cultivation is severely affected by bacterial wilt disease caused by the soilborne pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum (previously known as Pseudomonas solanacearum Smith). Effects of rotation of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with other crops on soil populations of R. solanacearum and on bacterial wilt disease incidence of tomato were evaluated in the field. Monocropped Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), Mucuna puriens L., Crotalaria juncea L., and intercrops of Cassava/Crotalaria, Cassava/Mucuna, and a natural grass mix (control) were rotated with the tomato cvs. Mira, Ronita, Roma VFN, and Ibadan Local. Monocropped Mucuna significantly reduced soil population of R. solanacearum by the end of the rotation period, whereas the natural grass rotation had the highest population of the pathogen. Other crops with the exception of monocropped cassava also reduced the pathogen soil population. The incidence of wilt was delayed in cvs. Mira, Roma VFN, and Ronita compared to 'Ibadan Local', but all were 80% or more infected after 8 weeks.


The potential feasibility of anionic clay hydrotalcite for removal of eriochrome black dye from aqueous solution was investigated. The effects of various experimental parameters such as contact time, pH and adsorbent dosage were investigated. The extent of eriochrome black dye removal increased with the increased in contact time, pH and amount of adsorbent used. Adsorption data was fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The results in this study indicated that anionic clay layered double hydroxides was an attractive adsorbent for removing eriochrome black dye from aqueous solution.


MCOLN1 encodes mucolipin‐1 (TRPML1), a member of the transient receptor potential TRPML subfamily of channel proteins. Mutations in MCOLN1 cause mucolipidosis‐type IV (MLIV), a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by severe neurologic, ophthalmologic, and gastrointestinal abnormalities. Along with TRPML1, there are two other TRPML family members, mucolipin‐2 (TRPML2) and mucolipin‐3 (TRPML3). In this study, we used immunocytochemical analysis to determine that TRPML1, TRPML2, and TRPML3 co‐localize in cells. The multimerization of TRPML proteins was confirmed by co‐immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis, which demonstrated that TRPML1 homo‐multimerizes as well as hetero‐multimerizes with TRPML2 and TRPML3. MLIV‐causing mutants of TRPML1 also interacted with wild‐type TRPML1. Lipid bilayer re‐constitution of in vitro translated TRPML2 and TRPML3 confirmed their cation channel properties with lower single channel conductance and higher partial permeability to anions as compared to TRPML1. We further analyzed the electrophysiological properties of single channel TRPML hetero‐multimers, which displayed functional differences when compared to individual TRPMLs. Our data shows for the first time that TRPMLs form distinct functional channel complexes. Homo‐ and hetero‐multimerization of TRPMLs may modulate channel function and biophysical properties, thereby increasing TRPML functional diversity. J. Cell. Physiol. 222: 328–335, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


An oral route of drug administration is the most popular route of administration. It have wide acceptance up to 50-60% of total dosage forms. Tablet is the most popular dosage forms existing today because of its convenience of self administration, compactness and easy manufacturing; however hand tremors, dysphasia in case of geriatric patients, the underdeveloped muscular and nervous systems in young individuals and case of uncooperative patients, the problem of swallowing is common phenomenon which leads to poor patient compliance. Mouth dissolving tablets (FDT) or fast dissolving tablets; (FDT) has emerged as alternative oral dosage forms. These are novel types of tablets that disintegrate/dissolve/disperse in saliva within few seconds. The basic approach used in development of FDT is the use of superdisintegrants like Cross linked carboxymelhylcellulose (Croscarmeliose), Sodium starch glycolate (Primogel, Explotab), Polyvinylpyrrolidone (Polyplasdone) etc.


Algorithmic issues of simple object detection problems in the context of a system consisting of a finite set of sensors that monitor a workspace are studied. Each sensor detects the presence of only a certain subset of a given set of objects O. Given that an object has been detected by a subset of sensors, the detection problem deals with identifying whether the object in the workspace is a member of O and, if so, computing the maximal set of such numbers. A conceptual graph structure called the detection network that yields efficient algorithms for the detection problem for combinational, message-based, sequential and parallel computing systems is proposed. The problem of computing a detection network with the minimum number of edges is shown to be computationally intractable, and polynomial-time approximation algorithms are presented. Sequential algorithms to solve the detection problem with and without preprocessing are presented. Parallel algorithms on shared memory systems and hypercube-based message passing systems are discussed. It is shown that the problem of detecting multiple objects is computationally intractable. >


From the cognitive perspective,the paper examines the daily use of metaphors in the conceptualization of careers and summarizes four key career metaphors——the career as organ,journey,competition and matching.After analyzing the generating mechanism of the career metaphors,the paper further finds that besides the mapping of the single career metaphor,there also exists the mapping of the category characteristics of the career metaphors based on comparability,thus making the conceptualization of careers more complete.The study on multiple career metaphors has not only theoretical significance but practical significance.


The optimization, control, and characterization of engineering components or systems require fast, repeated, and accurate evaluation of a partial-differential-equation-induced input – output relationship. We present a technique for the rapid and reliable prediction of linear–functional outputs of elliptic partial differential equations with affine parameter dependence. The method has three components: (i) rapidly convergent reduced–basis approximations; (ii) a posteriori error estimation; and (iii) off–line/on–line computational procedures. These components — integrated within a special network architecture — render partial differential equation solutions truly "useful": essentially real–time as regards operation count; "blackbox" as regards reliability; and directly relevant as regards the (limited) input–output data required. Keywords— reduced–basis, a posteriori error estimation, output bounds, elliptic partial differential equations, distributed simulations, real–time computing


ion of a hydrogen atom from the side chain of glutamyl residues (Garrison, 1987) and also of prolyl residues (Uchida et al., 1990) of proteins according to the overall reactions a and b, respectively (Fig. 1.2). Moreover, upon acid hydrolysis, the 2-pyrrolidone formed in reaction b is converted to 4-aminobutyric acid (reaction c, Fig. 1.2•). The presence of 4• Q2 aminobutyric acid in acid hydrolysates of proteins is therefore presumptive evidence for peptide cleavage by the 2-pyrrolidone pathway.


In the Introduction to "the only book about Kerouac worth reading", according to The San Francisco Chronicle (qtd. in Clark, the front cover), Carolyn Cassady argues that Jean-Louis Lebris de Kerouac was attracted by Buddhism's apparent ability to provide him with answers that Roman Catholicism had not been able to verbalize clearly enough: "Chaos was the rule until Buddhism came along and supplied the answers he sought – or so he believed. The tenets of Buddhism became a balm to his emotional and spiritual aspirations and fit his own psyche, but they related very little to the demands of daily life nor did they provide practical help. He ignored the rule against alcohol, for it too, provided escape from reality" (xvi). Ironically, it was love, not alcohol which provided him with the reason for giving up Buddhism later on, a reason he revealed to Alfred Aronowitz for Escapade in 1960: "Also, wisdom is heartless. I quit Buddhism because Buddhism — or Mahayana Buddhism preaches against entanglement with women. To me, the most important thing in life is love" (Need 88). In other words, his constant search for peace of mind, for freedom, for refuge from the material world led (temporarily) to Buddhism, which, beyond anything else, showed him the benefits of compassion and a possible future away from the constraints of the material world. Up to a point, Buddhism seemed to provide all the solutions he needed in his battle against the horrors of the mundane, but these were not practical enough so as to help him conquer every-day life. Moreover, Jack was by no means a practical man himself, in the usual meaning of the term. As Carolyn Cassady observes, Neither Neal nor Jack were entirely at ease in the material world, even though they reveled in its sensory delights. They were, so to speak, in the world but not of it. Neither man was practical. Money was a nuisance. Neal was passionate about cars, but only because they were a means to move through space and defy the earthly law of gravity... I do think Jack perceived intuitively this Universal Force and tried to consciously tap it through meditation. This awareness Jack Kerouac and Beat Spirituality: The Vehicle(s) to Enlightenment


Abstract Enzymatic catalysis for biodiesel production using low-cost, high-acid, lower-grade waste oils has attracted much attention recently due mainly to economic issues, renewability, and sustainable benefits. The performance of a commercial, low-cost lipase (Eversa®, Novozymes) was investigated in the hydrolysis and subsequent esterification reactions for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) production. In order to reduce the costs of industrial enzymatic biodiesel production, enzyme was used in its soluble, free form. A model mixture comprising soybean oil with high free fatty acid (FFA) content (0, 25, 50, and 75 wt% oleic acid) and low-cost substrates such as non-edible macauba acid oil (Acrocomia aculeata) and waste cooking oil were employed for FAME production. FAME yields as high as 97% were reached using 2.5 wt% water, 1.5 methanol equivalent, and 1 wt% Eversa enzyme content in a 16-h reaction. The enzyme biodiesel process described in this study appears to be a promising alternative to the traditio...


Fiske holds that if a text wants to be popular,it should bear the characteristic of being producerly.Producerly text describes "popular authorly text" and it is not difficult to authorly interpret the text since it does not challenge the readers to dig out meanings from the text nor confuses the readers with the striking differences between it and other texts or daily life.It does not impose the construction rules of the text itself on the readers so that they can only interpret depending on the text without their own choices.


Objectives: Menstrual problems and infertility are the major problems affecting society nowadays. It can occur due to many reasons namely pathology of Garbhashaya, Artavavaha Dhamani, Dushta Artava etc. For the evalu- ation of structural abnormalities, various technologies like USG, HSG, Hormonal assay etc. are available. But no methods were developed yet to check the purity of Artava. In this background, the Vastraranjana concept men- tioned in the context of Shudha Rakta Lakshana can be considered as a useful tool for diagnosing Artava Dushti. The practicality of this Pareeksha if proved it envisages a new and simple diagnostic tool in Ayurveda. Methods- Menstrual blood samples-stained cotton clothes were washed, and changes were noted. Results- Dushita Artava was found to be causing a stain on the cloth. Conclusion- Changes in the character of Dosha produces Soshana Vidaha Ghanatha etc. of Artava which involve a change in pH, viscosity like elements creating a stain on the cloth.
Keywords: Artava Pareeksha, Vastra Ranjana, Menstrual Cycle


We Analysis will be carried out for an OFDM wireless communication system using space time block code (STBC) at the transmitter and considering the effect and the wireless channel like delay spread and fading. The analysis will include the effect of imperfect timing recovery at the output of the receiver. In this contribution both Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) coding and RS coding space-time block coded OFDM is investigated. We analysis this paper comparing the coding technique (Ldpc & Rs code) using multiple transmit & receiving antenna in digital modulation technique BPSK , QPSK over and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and other fading (Rayleigh and Rician) channel. It is anticipated from the BER simulation that the performance of the communication system degrades with the increase of noise power. Index Terms: Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), Low density parity cheak (LDPC), RS code , Bit error rate (BER) , Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) Multiple antenna ,Space time block coding (STBC)


In the late Ming and early Qing Dynastical,the biography style has been of great importance in the literati,and its creative emergence was showing a trend.This had a rich and complex cultural meaning: on the one hand,writers attempted to achieve the purpose of keeping the history and praising the heroes in the era of great change.On the other hand,they tried to realize their ideal of changing the image of the world,and hoped that future generations could draw on historical experience from them.In the arts,the writing technique of novel had been used,which made the image sharp and narrative vivid.We can see the aesthetic pursuit and developmental thread of the works in the early Qing Dynasty.In these writers,Wei Xi was one mode.


A plenary session was held on Monday afternoon to discuss the use of drugs in mental disorder. Professor DESMOND CURRAN (London) as chairman introduced the theme by explaining that the flood of new and often unproved remedies, and the discharge from mental hospital of many patients still under prolonged drug treatment, made it of great importance to general practitioners. However, it was necessary to remember that drugs were only one aspect of psychiatric treatment and never the whole of it.


This instrument enables the whole field of any optical instrument whose aperture does not exceed 2 ins. to be evenly and brightly illuminated with monochromatic light of any desired wave-length. It has been devised especially for use in connexion with the axial angle polariscopical goniometers, spectrometers, stauroscopes, microscopes, and other instruments employed for the investigation of the optical properties of crystals, but is capable of much more extensive application. It was suggested by the apparatus described by Abney ('Phil. Mag.,' 1885, vol. 20, p. 172), but differs from that arrangement in most of its details, and particularly in the employment of a fixed instead of a movable exit slit, of a rotatory instead of a fixed dispersing apparatus, which is capable of accurate graduation for the passage of rays of definite wave-lengths through the exit slit, and in the manner of utilising the issuing line of monochromatic light, which, instead of being directed upon an opaque white screen, is diffused so as to be evenly distributed over the field of the observing instrument when that instrument is placed directly in its path.


Objective To investigate the correlation between acquired drug resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in drug-resistant Klebsiella and their phylogenetic relationship.Methods Twenty strains of drug-resistant Klebsiella were collected from patients′ samples.Then,67 kinds of acquired drug resistance genes,including beta-lactams,aminoglycosides and quinolones,and 12 kinds of mobile genetic elements,such as conjugal plasmids,transposons,insertion sequences and integrons,were detected by PCR.Finally,the determination results were performed index cluster analysis(by UPGMA method) and sample cluster analysis(by neighbour-joining method).Results Six kinds of beta-lactam-resistance genes,5 aminoglycoside-resistance genes,4 quinolone-resistance genes and 8 kinds of mobile genetic elements were detected from 20 strains of drug-resistant Klebsiella.Index cluster analysis showed that there were high correlations between KPC and ISKpn6,and between SHV and IS26.ASample cluster analysis showed that strains No.4 and No.18,and strains No.15 and No.20 belonged to the same clone,respectively.Conclusion The detection of drug resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in drug-resistant Klebsiella may reveal the genetic background of these strains to resist drugs.


Previous studies in Graves' orbitopathy (GO) patient‐derived fibroblasts showed that inhibition of autophagy suppresses adipogenic differentiation. Autophagy activation is associated with inflammation, production of reactive oxygen species and fibrosis. Neferine is an alkaloid extracted from Nelumbo nucifera, which induces Nrf2 expression and inhibits autophagy. Here, we have elucidated the role of neferine on interleukin (IL)‐13‐induced autophagy using patient‐derived orbital fibroblasts as an in vitro model of GO. GO patient‐derived orbital fibroblasts were isolated and cultured to generate an in vitro model of GO. Autophagy was determined by Western blot detection of the markers such as Beclin‐1, Atg‐5 and LC3 and by immunofluorescence detection of autophagosome formation. Analysis of differentiation towards an adipogenic lineage was performed by Oil red O staining. The expression of inflammatory factors was detected by ELISA and semiquantitative RT‐PCR. Neferine inhibited autophagy in GO orbital fibroblasts, as indicated by the suppression of IL‐13‐induced autophagosome formation, overexpression of autophagy markers, increased LC3‐II/LC3‐I levels and finally down‐regulation of p62. Neferine suppressed IL‐13‐induced inflammation, ROS generation, fibrosis and adipogenic differentiation in GO patient‐derived orbital fibroblasts. The anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant and antiadipogenic effects of neferine were accompanied by the up‐regulation of Nrf2. These results indicated that orbital tissue remodelling and inflammation in GO may be mediated by autophagy, and neferine suppressed autophagy‐related inflammation and adipogenesis through a mechanism involving Nrf2.


Point of view of a publisher on Open Access. This contribution makes an overview of what has been written on OA in the last years, and offers a list of the Open Access publications produced by Polimetrica.


We present a system that allows individual researchers and virtual organizations (VOs) to access allocations on Stampede2 and Bridges through the Open Science Grid (OSG), a national grid infrastructure for running high throughput computing (HTC) tasks. Using this system, VOs and researchers are able to run larger workflows than can be done with OSG resources alone. This system allows a VO or user to run on XSEDE resources (with their allocation) using the same framework used with OSG resources. The system consists of two parts: the compute element (CE) that routes workloads to the appropriate user accounts and allocation on XSEDE resources, and simulated access to the CernVM Filesystem (CVMFS) servers used by OSG and VOs to distribute software and data. This allows jobs submitted through this system to work on a homogeneous environment regardless of whether they run on XSEDE HPC resources (like Stampede2 and Bridges) or OSG.


Applying a new annealing method,in which Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9 nanocrystalline ribbon was wound into toroidal core on a copper ring,influence of uniform tensile stress generated in crystallization process on magnetism of Fe_(73.5)Cu_1Nb_3Si_(13.5)B_9 nanocrystalline ribbon was investigated.It is found that the remanence B_r after the stress annealing is obviously lower than that after normal annealing and the minimum value is 0.22 T.The induced magnetic anisotropy with an easy axis perpendicular to the tensile stress direction develops.The origin of transversal stress-induced magnetic anisotropy can be explained by a magneto-elastic interaction within nanosized bcc Fe(Si) grains through internal stress and negative magnetostriction.


An optics-free method is proposed to generate x-ray radiation with spatially variant states of polarization via an afterburner extension to a free electron laser. Control of the polarization in the transverse plane is obtained through the overlap of different coherent transverse light distributions radiated from a bunched electron beam in two consecutive orthogonally polarised undulators. Different transverse profiles are obtained by emitting at a higher harmonic in one or both of the undulators. This method enables the generation of beams structured in their intensity, phase, and polarization—so-called Poincaré beams—at high powers with tunable wavelengths. Simulations are used to demonstrate the generation of two different classes of light with spatially inhomogeneous polarization—cylindrical vector beams and full Poincaré beams.


The hard core of Deng Xiaoping's thought of the rule of law is to administrate a country according to law so as to build a socialist legal country in an all-round manner. This article initially analyzes the fundamental condition and principal causes of imappropriate administral leaders' behavior in the new historical stage, and it concisely sets forth the important and fundamental countermeasures of standardizing administral leaders' behavior in accordance with the spirit of Deng Xiaoping's thought of the rule of law in our country.


Speech is the natural and vocalized form of human communication. Automatic Speech Recognition makes the computer to understand what was spoken by the speaker. Power Normalized Cepstral Coefficients (PNCC) is a feature extraction technique that uses power law non linearity. When the environmental condition changes, the accuracy of the system degrades. PNCC provides better enhancement in acoustical environment. In this work, intelligibility of the enhanced speech signal is evaluated by the objective measure called SNR loss. Evaluation score obtained for the enhanced speech signal by SNR loss shows that PNCC processing provides good robustness in acoustical environments.


The construction industry is in the process of becoming circular where economic growth is decoupled from materials extraction. Several assessment methods are being developed to measure the circularity, but no practical tool is available yet for understanding material efficiency in construction projects. Designers and other stakeholders, accordingly, have limited understanding about how circular their projects are. Through building on the potentials of Building Information Modelling (BIM) as a digital whole life-cycle methodology, this research, therefore, aims to iteratively develop a BIM-based circularity assessment tool. A design science research methodology was adopted during a large-scale renovation project with circularity ambitions in the Netherlands. Following the steps of design science research, the research identified the stakeholders' problem, defined a design objective, designed a circularity assessment tool, demonstrated its usage in a BIM environment, evaluated the user experiences and communicated possible future improvements. It thus provides new opportunities for project stakeholders to gain (circular) material efficiency insights.


Abstract The regular practice of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological treatment of arterial hypertension (AH) has been encouraged due to causing a series of physiological responses in the cardiovascular system, such as the production of vasoactive substances, including nitric oxide (NO). NO is a relaxation factor released by the endothelium, and the decrease in its bioavailability is related to coronary and arterial diseases, such as AH. This study aimed to perform an integrative literature review to elucidate the effect of [...]


This study focused on the effects of Cornell, Verbatim and Outline note-taking strategies and review on College of Education Students' retrieval of lecture information in Plateau State, Nigeria. A 2x4 factorial design was used whereby 160 NCE 2 students of two Colleges of Education in Plateau State, were randomly assigned to 6 experimental and 2 control groups. Groups 1-6 (experimental groups) were trained in taking Cornell, verbatim and outline notes, while groups 7-8 (control groups) were given no treatment. Also, there were two review conditions- Review/No Review. The instruments used for data collection were free-recall, multiple-choice, true or false and essay tests. Data collected were analyzed using mean, t-test, one-way ANOVA, 2x4 ANOVA and Tukey HSD test. Findings of this study indicated that: Cornell note-taking was the most effective in enhancing retrieval of lecture information and Outline note-taking was more effective than Verbatim. It was also found that review of notes enhanced retrieval of lecture information. Key w ords: Note-taking Strategies, Cornell, Verbatim, Outline, Review, Retrieval


REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE
The objective of this review is to establish the association between hip dysfunction and lower quarter (low back and lower limb) injuries in long distance runners. Specifically the review question is: Are long distance runners with hip dysfunction at risk of lower quarter (low back and lower limb) injuries?


Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome that describes a sudden reduction in renal function as assessed by the level of serum creatinine. AKI represents a spectrum of disease that has important long-term consequences for patients even without the development of frank renal failure. AKI may be difficult to identify in the community, but up to 65% of AKI develops prior to hospitalisation and 30% may be preventable. Complications of AKI account for 1% of the NHS budget. NHS public health campaigns, including 'Think Kidneys' have targeted the prevention and early recognition of AKI to improve care for this patient group. This article will review the key aspects of management of AKI in primary care, the correct identification of high-risk patients, early testing to stratify and manage patients according to AKI level and onward referral of patients requiring targeted hospital interventions.


Sport is the important part in national economy,and shoulder responsibility in building on modest competence social,sport industry structure are pluralistie,so sport function is pluralistic too,there are sport function, school sport function and social sport function, and also have the function of building a moral and material civilization. In building modest competence social, sport function should possess recognize, reform and organize condition, and it is the basic condition of devolopment sport function.


【Objective】To investigate the clinical efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid replacement in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis.【Methods】30 cases of control group in our hospital from February 2011 to December 2011 were treated using anti-TB drugs through vein,and 30 cases of treatment group were treated with cerebrospinal fluid replacement therapy.【Results】symptoms recovering time of observation group was significantly faster than that of control group.The protein content in cerebrospinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid pressure of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group.The clinical efficacy of observation group was significantly better than that of control group.There was no significant difference in the sequela.【Conclusion】The clinical efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid replacement in the treatment of tuberculous meningitis is significant,and it is good for preventing complicance.


Theoretical and practical aspects of the formation and development of common economy in the world and Ukraine are considered and the economic nature of the line economy is substantiated and its socio-economic content is deepened through the prism of digital transformation that takes place in virtual reality. Purpose of the article is to substantiate the peculiarities of sharing economy in the global communication space in virtual reality, due to the development of digital technology platforms, highlighting and analyzing the benefits and risks of building business models of shared economy in Ukraine and abroad. A set of methods of empirical and theoretical research is used: methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization, which at the dialectical level of research allow to scientifically substantiate the most popular types of solutions of sharing economy, presented by structure: solutions, examples of foreign and Ukrainian digital platforms. The article used theoretical and methodological principles of an interdisciplinary approach, which includes in the analysis of socio-cultural, behavioral and institutional prerequisites for the formation of a shared economy. Based on the available data of companies that aggregate BigData, as well as consulting companies, the behavior of consumers through sharing economy in the period of digital transformation is described. Special methods of economic sciences, namely: economic-statistical, comparative and functional-structural analysis have revealed the emergence of new business models of sharing, which combine the "world of goods" and "world of services". A historical and economic analysis of the formation of the theory of sharing, as well as the spread of row platforms. Based on the generalization of theoretical approaches to the definition of economic categories, author's interpretation of the concepts "line economy", "virtual reality", "augmented reality", "augmented reality", "augmented reality", "augmented reality", "mixed reality" is formed. As a result of the research, author's concept of sharing economy in the conditions of virtual reality is offered. It is established that the most important factor in the transition to sharing economy is the transformation of customer service. It is the customer, who differs from the consumer by active involvement in the process of forming its value proposition, today is a key player in the market. It is proved that today digital economy is fundamentally changing the ways of building and managing sharing organizations, the problems that arise can be associated primarily with changes in the object and subject of management and the development of organizations in digital environment. The advantages of sharing models in terms of the use of innovative resources in terms of stages of business project implementation are indicated. The review of the internal development of national economy of sharing type allowed to present its restraining and stimulating factors and potential opportunities and threats in the conditions of virtual reality.