The US and the Russian Federation are currently engaged in negotiating or implementing several nuclear arms and nuclear material control agreements. These involve placing nuclear material in specially designed containers within controlled facilities. Some of the agreements require the removal of nuclear components from stockpile weapons. These components are placed in steel containers that are then sealed and tagged. Current strategies for monitoring the agreements involve taking neutron and gamma radiation measurements of components in their containers to monitor the presence, mass, and composition of plutonium or highly enriched uranium, as well as other attributes that indicate the use of the material in a weapon. If accurate enough to be useful, these measurements will yield data containing information about the design of the weapon being monitored. In each case, the design data are considered sensitive by one or both parties to the agreement. To prevent the disclosure of this information in a bilateral or trilateral inspection scenario, so-called information barriers have evolved. These barriers combine hardware, software, and procedural safeguards to contain the sensitive data within a protected volume, presenting to the inspector only the processed results needed for verification. Interlocks and volatile memory guard against disclosure in case of failure. Implementing these safeguards requires innovation in radiation measurement instruments and data security. Demonstrating their reliability requires independent testing to uncover any flaws in design. This study discusses the general problem and gives a proposed solution for a high resolution gamma ray detection system. It uses historical examples to illustrate the evolution of other successful systems.


Preface by Atsuo Tsuji Preface by Paul Garner Accounting History and Public Policy by Gary John Previts Eugen Schmalenbach as the Founder of Cost Accounting in the German-speaking World by Marcell Schweitzer Costing Activities: Alternative Views of History by Claudia Gormly and Murray Wells The Development of the Certified Public Accountants System in the People's Republic of China by Xu Zheng-dan Development of "Philosophy of Disclosure" in Accounting Institutions of Japan by Tsunehiro Tsumori The Development of the Japanese Railway Accounting System: The Japanizing Process of the British System, 1885-1950 by Shigeto Sasaki An Introduction to Strategic Management Accounting by Makoto Kawada Secret Accounting in New Zealand: P & O and the Union Steam Ship Company, 1917-1936 by Christopher J. Napier The Relationship between the Bookkeeping Systems of Pacioli and Schweicker by Yasuhiko Kataoka Accounting Change and the Emergence of Management Accounting by C. S. McWatters Public Sector Accounting in Australia by Robert Gibson Notice on the Meat Supply in Burgos, 1536-1537: Ledger of the Town Meat Purveyor by Esteban Hernandez-Esteve The Development of Walter Mahlberg's Inflation Accounting and Valuation Theories in the Light of Contemporary Critiques by Schmalenbach and Schmidt by R. L. Clarke, O. F. Graves, and G. W. Dean General Subject Index


This paper is focused on the results of 3D data exc hange between CAD systems using neutral data formats such as STEP and IGES which have addre ssed the issue of the data transfer, but these are incapable of handling design intent information gen erated by contemporary CAD systems. Accentuate are problems of loss and change of the graphic info rmation, topological data, naming and coordinates after the transformation. This project is called "C MS in CATIA" and is executed by the Engineering and Integration Office on Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) E xperiment, which is part of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Counsel for Nuclear Research – CERN, Switzerland. The 3D models have been created at Institutes and Universities wh ich are collaborators in the CMS experiment in diff erent CAD environments and different version of the s ystems.


BACKGROUND
 Seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a highly effective community-based intervention to prevent malaria infections in areas where the malaria burden is high and transmission occurs mainly during the rainy season. In Africa, so far, SMC has been implemented in the Sahel region. Mozambique contributes 4% of global malaria cases, and malaria represents one out first four causes of death in the country. Based on recommendations in the Malaria Strategic Plan, Malaria Consortium, in partnership with the Mozambican National Malaria Control Program (NMCP), initiated a phased SMC implementation study in the northern province of Nampula. It is as a two-year implementation study, with the first phase, conducted in 2020-2021, focusing on the feasibility and acceptability of SMC and the second phase on demonstrating impact. This paper describes phase 2 of the implementation study.

 OBJECTIVE
 Thsi study aims to test the feasibility, effectiveness and chemopreventive efficacy of SMC with SPAQ in a province of Mozambique, Nampula, where malaria transmission is highly seasonal.

 METHODS
 This type 2 hybrid effectiveness-implementation study uses a convergent mixed-methods approach. SMC will be implemented in four monthly cycles between December 2021 and March 2022 in four districts of Nampula province. Phase 2 will include four components: a cluster randomized control trial (cRCT) to establish confirmed malaria cases, a prospective cohort to determine whether SPAQ provides 28 days of protection from infection, and whether drug concentrations and/or resistance influence the duration of protection, a resistance markers study in children aged 3–59 months to describe changes in resistance marker prevalence over time. Finally, a process evaluation will determine feasibility and acceptability of SMC.

 RESULTS
 Ethical approval was granted by Comité Nacional de Bioética para a Saùde (CNBS) of MoH of Mozambique (Ref: 803/CNBS/21) and by Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona (Ref: HCB/2021/0944). Data collection begins in mid-January 2022, and data analysis is expected to be completed by August 2022.

 CONCLUSIONS
 This is the first effectiveness trial of SMC implemented in Mozambique. The findings from this trial will be crucial to policy change and program expansion to other suitable geographies outside the Sahel. The chemoprevention efficacy cohort study is a unique opportunity to better understand SMC drug efficacy in this new SMC environment.

 CLINICALTRIAL
 The trial has been registered on clinicaltrials.gov (Ref: NCT05186363).


[Objective] To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and causes of epidemic encephalitis type B in Wanzhou, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the epidemic. [Methods] Descriptive epidemiological analysis was made on the data of epidemic encephalitis type B reported and related factors in Wanzhou from 2001 to 2005. [Results] A total of 103 cases of epidemic encephalitis type B were reported with the incidence of 1.21 / l00 000.There was an obvious seasonal change with the peak occurring between July and September. There was no family gather phenomenon. There was bimodal pattern in season growth and decline of adult mosquitoes, the peaks were from June to July and August. The density of adult mosquitoes in room was lower than livestock yard.The antibody positive rate of epidemic encephalitis type B was 54.27% in healthy population. [Conclusion] The main strategy is strengthening surveillance on epidemic encephalitis type B, carrying out knowledge publicity on control of mosquitoes and epidemic encephalitis type B, strengthening epidemic encephalitis type B vaccine inoculation to reduce the incidence of epidemic encephalitis type B.


It has been shown recently that double-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) from different sources stimulates the release of interferon into the circulatory system when injected intravenously into rabbits. The same RNA preparations protected mice from viral infections and prevented the viral cytopathic effect in cultures of rabbit kidney cells (A. K. Field et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 58:2102, 1967). One of the RNA preparations shown to possess such activity was a double-stranded structure produced from homopolymers of polyriboinosinic acid (rI) and polyribocytidylic acid (rC) (A. K. Field et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 58:1004, 1967). The main purpose of the present study was to find out whether a double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymer formed from polydeoxyinosinic acid (dl) and polydeoxycytidylic acid (dC), as well as a double-stranded RNA-DNA homopolymer hybrid formed with rI and dC, could also induce interference and interferon synthesis in a cell culture. All experiments were carried out in cultures of rabbit kidney cells (RKC) prepared by trypsinization of minced kidney tissue from about 1-month-old rabbits. Cells were grown in Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) with 10% heated fetal calf serum and were used in experiments after one or two passages. Cultures grown to confluency in 60-mm plastic petri dishes were used in all experiments. MEM with 2% N yglobulin-free fetal calf serum served as the maintenance medium. Solutions of rI (molecular weight 1.2 X 105) and rC (molecular weight 4 x 105) (Mann Research Laboratories, New York, N.Y.) were freshly prepared for each experiment in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 0.13 M NaCl, 7 mm phosphate, 0.9 mm CaCl2, and 0.5 mM MgC126H 2O). Equimolar concentrations of rI and rC were mixed at room temperature. The RNA


This article examines the effects of industrial natural entry barrier and country entry regulation on industrial markups for 13 OECD countries. We find that markup ratios are high in industries with high natural entry barrier and in countries with high-entry regulation. In addition, markups are high in high natural entry barrier industries in high-entry regulation countries. However, all these effects are not significant, thus implying that entry barrier may not have a strong effect on the market power or profitability.


Proponents of restrictive immigration policies often claim that immigrants arriving with fewer skills and resources will be less socially mobile. This claim is challenging to test as pre-migration characteristics are not easily separated from host country influences. This article uses new multigenerational data on Irish Americans in the early twentieth century, before and after migration, to study the effect of pre-migration characteristics and the interaction structure of settlement locations on social mobility outcomes. I find a strong link between pre-migration characteristics and economic attainment in the immigrant generation, but this attenuates for second generation children. Second generation social mobility is largely affected by contextual influences, particularly the schooling environment and labor market context of cities. Advantageous places for second generation mobility, such as Pacific cities, appear to have attracted immigrant parents from higher status backgrounds. These findings suggest that selective immigration policies may not be required to ensure upward mobility for the children of immigrants.


34 Resistance training is a potent stimulus to increase skeletal muscle mass. The muscle protein 35 accretion process depends on a robust synergistic action between protein intake and overload. The 36 intake of protein after resistance training increases plasma amino acids, which results in the 37 activation of signaling molecules leading to increased muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle 38 hypertrophy. Although both essential and non-essential amino acids are necessary for hypertrophy, 39 the intake of free L-leucine or high leucine whole proteins has been specifically shown to increase 40 the initiation of translation that is essential for elevated MPS. The literature supports the use of 41 protein intake following resistance training sessions to enhance MPS; however, less understood are 42 the effects of different protein sources and timing protocols on MPS. The sum of the adaptions from 43 each individual training session are essential to muscle hypertrophy, and thus highlight the 44 importance of an optimal supplementation protocol. The purpose of this review is to present recent 45 findings reported in the literature and discuss the practical application of these results. In that light, 46 new speculations and questions will arise that may direct future investigations. The information and 47 recommendations generated in this review will thereby benefit practicing sport and clinical 48 nutritionists alike. 49


We have proposed and demonstrated a novel approach to multi-channel tunable dispersion compensation using all-pass multi-cavity etalon filters for 10 Gb/s applications.


ABSTRACT Circadian rhythms are generated by intrinsic 24-h oscillations that anticipate the extrinsic changes associated with solar day. A conserved transcriptional–translational feedback loop generates these molecular oscillations of clock genes at the organismal and the cellular levels. One of the recently discovered outputs of circadian clock is Nocturnin (Noct) or Ccrn4l. In mice, Noct mRNA is broadly expressed in cells throughout the body, with a particularly high-amplitude rhythm in liver. NOCT belongs to the EEP family of proteins with the closest similarity to the CCR4 family of deadenylases. Multiple studies have investigated the role of Nocturnin in development, adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, inflammation, osteogenesis, and obesity. Further, mice lacking Noct (Noct KO or Noct−/−) are protected from high-fat diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Recent studies had provided new insights by investigating various aspects of Nocturnin, ranging from its sub-cellular localization to identification of its target transcripts. However, a profound understanding of its molecular function remains elusive. This review article seeks to integrate the available literature into our current understanding of the functions of Nocturnin, their regulatory roles in key tissues and to throw light on the existing scientific lacunae.


Background: Nearly 30 percent to 50 percent of people are estimated to have deficiency of vitamin D, and insufficiency and vitamin D deficiency are recognized as global health issues in the world. Although the presence of hypo-vitamin D raises the risk of rickets and fractures, higher levels of vitamin D are also associated with hypertension (HTN), cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. In addition, the vitamin D levels are also associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Deficiency of vitamin D was linked to DM induction and progression. While the relationship between vitamin D and insulin secretion, insulin tolerance, and β-cell dysfunction is highlighted in patients with DM, evidence of vitamin D and DM levels is inconsistent, and well-controlled studies are required. Aim: Supplementation of vitamin D in diabetic patients. Method: subjects Conclusion: This study evaluated that vitamin D supplementation can improve HbA1c, insulin resistance, and insulin in short-term intervention in T1DM & T2DM patients, suggesting that vitamin D can be considered as a therapeutic agent along with the other T1DM & T2DM treatments. The findings show that in non-additional diabetic patients, vit D concentration was substantially lower than the additional diabetic individuals.


Simulation of natural phenomena can greatly improve the fidelity of 3D scene,which has been used widely in visual simulation system,3D animation,film TV and advertising.Particle system is an effective method in real-time natural phenomena simulation.Based on analyzing the realizing principle of the particle system,this paper makes use of the highly integrated software development environment provided by Microsoft Visual Studio 2005,and establishes the particle model based on OSG(OpenSceneGraph) 2.6.The results of experimentation have proved that this method can effectively represent fog and snow effect scenes in the three-dimensional scene.


We present a methodology to dynamically design supply chain networks taking into account both inventory and capacity (bullwhip) related costs. We assume i.i.d. demand and the "order-up-to" policy is used to place replenishment orders with a lead-time of one period. Our methodology is complete, analytical and exact. We illustrate its application via a "toy" numerical example that seems to suggest that a "square root law for bullwhip costs" exists. We provide a sketch of a proof that shows this is indeed the case.


The individual character setback in physical education is students, while pursuing a certain study goal, for the conflicts between the goal and obstacle, among the goal and motive, make students experience a kind of frustrated, downhearted,and pessimistic mood. Such respects as its thought , emotion , will of students ,etc. may exert a passive influence, and will produce the bad consequence . Sports teaching is aneducation course that can combine physique , will and spirit together in Winter. It is the important component of the quality-oriented education. At present, students' psychological health problem has already become the focus that the school and various circles of society have paid close attention to. As a sports teacher , in the physical education teaching in Winter , should not merely teach sports knowledge , technology and skill,but to cultivate the ability to and improve student's setback of bearing , promote the overall development of student's body and mind , make students keep a kind of good adaptation state in various kinds of environments, and give full play to one's own latent energy.


Plants are an essential component of the universe. Human beings have used plants as medicine from the very beginning of time. Trichosanthes dioica is used as a vegetable. Traditionally it is used in India as purgative and as tonic, febrifuge, in treatment of jaundice, anasarca and ascites. This work has investigated its phytochemical properties as well as its antioxidant activity taking quercetin as a standard. Methanolic leaves extract of Trichosanthes dioica Roxb is found to contain different phytochemical constituents and significant antioxidant activities in a dose dependent manner. Thus, this traditional vegetable has potential pharmacological activities and proper investigation may give different therapeutic active agent which can used to treat different types of diseases.


Thermally conductive polymer matrix composite (PMC) foams with effective thermal conductivities (keff) higher than their solid counterparts have been developed for the first time. Using a material system consists of low density polyethylene and micron-scale or submicron-scale hexagon boron nitride platelets as a case example, this article demonstrates that foaming-assisted filler networking is a feasible processing strategy to enhance PMC's keff, especially at a low hBN loading. Parametric studies were conducted to identify the structure-to-property relationships between foam morphology (e.g., cell population density, cell size, and foam expansion) and the PMC foam's keff. In particular, there exists an optimal cell size to maximize the PMC foam's keff for foams with up to 50% volume expansion. However, an optimal cell size is absent for PMC foams with higher volume expansion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses reveal that both the presence of hBN platelets and foam expansion promoted the crystallization of LDPE phase. Moreover, the XRD spectra also provide evidence for the effect of foam expansion on the orientation of hBN platelets. Overall, the findings provide new directions to design and fabricate thermally conductive PMC foams with low filler contents for heat management applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42910.


Computing pioneer and ACM Fellow William A. Wulf died on March 10, 2023, in Charlottesville, VA, USA. He was 83.


Qi-lou space is the cultural exchange product of modern Chinese and Western construction.It is mainly presented in the space disposal of construction along the street in Lingnan Area,such as Guangzhou. On the both sides of the narrow street,the ground floor of construction near to the street is built on stilts. The wall in the ground floor is hollowed two meters from outside to inside. Thus,it respectively forms a spacious corridor on both sides of street. This corridorcan be several hundred meters and even one kilometer long. Actually,Qi-lou has become an important symbol of Lingnan architecture.


Several endocrine functions have been found disturbed in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, no information is available on parathyroid function in these patients. Six patients with AIDS and 10 healthy volunteers underwent an EDTA infusion to induce hypocalcemia and stimulate PTH secretion. A group of 6 severely ill patients with malignancies was studied at baseline and served as additional controls for the effect of a severe disease per se. Baseline values showed that mean serum intact PTH concentration was lower in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus than in healthy volunteers (P < 0.04) as well as in patients with malignancies (P = 0.004). Whole blood calcium also tended to be lower in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus than in both control groups, the difference reaching the limit of statistical significance for the healthy controls only (P < 0.04). Mean serum magnesium, 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were similar in both groups. Throughout the entire EDTA stimulation procedure, i.e. at any blood calcium concentration, serum intact PTH concentration remained lower in patients with AIDS than in healthy control subjects (P < 0.04, analysis of variance for repeated measurements). Basal and maximal secretion of PTH is reduced in patients with AIDS. The mechanisms underlying this finding remain speculative.


This work was supported in part by the Illinois Mathematics and Science Partnerships Program/
ISBE/US Department of Education, funded by NCLB, Title II, Part B, US DOE.


This report includes data on utilization of loco plant by sheep on winter range, a comparison of the toxicity of loco plant to sheep of different ages, influence of supplementation on the incidence of locoism, and a detailed review of the literature on locoweed poisoning in sheep. Sheep grazed locoweed readily even though other good forage and supplements were available. The amount of locoweed they consumed increased throughout the experiment. At the end (12 weeks), sheep were eating primarily locoweed and shadscale and were severely "locoed." Signs of poisoning were observed first in aged ewes and lambs. Presently the prevention of loco poisoning on winter desert ranges lies in avoiding loco-infested areas almost entirely.


The lymph node metastasis‐derived LNCaP, the bone metastasis‐derived PC3 (skull), and VCaP (vertebral) cell lines are widely used as preclinical models of human prostate cancer (CaP) and have been described in more than 19,000 publications. Here, we report on short‐read whole‐genome sequencing and genomic analyses of LNCaP, VCaP, and PC3 cells stably transduced with WT AR (PC3‐AR).


SUBTITLE: THE LOGISTICS WORLD HAS ITS EYE ON CASE CORP.: THE HEAVY- EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURER RECENTLY MOVED TO INTEGRATE ITS GLOBAL LOGISTICS NETWORK AND OUTSOURCE ITS INTERNAL LOGISTICS OPERATIONS TO A STRATEGIC ALLIANCE OF THIRD-PARTY PROVIDERS.


There is increasing evidence that closely related species have contrasting ecosystem effects, but very little is known about the temporal scale of these effects. When organisms' ecosystem-effects persist beyond or emerge after their presence in the ecosystem, this might increase the potential for eco-evolutionary feedbacks to accompany evolutionary diversification. Here we studied lab-raised whitefish of a benthic-limnetic species pair from a postglacial adaptive radiation to test whether closely related species have contrasting effects on mesocosm ecosystems (hereafter ecosystem effects). We found that the presence of whitefish (ecological effect) had strong effects on some ecosystem components, for example by reducing snail and mussel abundance and increasing phytoplankton abundance. Whitefish species had contrasting effects (evolutionary effect) on benthic algal cover, dissolved organic carbon, and zooplankton community composition, but these effects only emerged several months after whitefish were removed from the ecosystem. The effects of plasticity and the interactive effects of species and plasticity were relatively weak and, with one exception, not significant. Ecological and evolutionary effect sizes were uncorrelated over both phases of the experiment, as were effect sizes between phases for both ecological and evolutionary contrasts. Overall, our results suggest that adaptive radiation can have effects on the structure and functioning of ecosystems, but that the temporal dynamics and mechanistic basis of these effects are insufficiently understood.


The aim of the present study was to evaluate helmintholytic activity of crude methanolic and aqueous extract of seeds of Cleome viscosa using Pheretima posthuma as test worm. Albendazole was included as standard reverence and distilled water as control. The results of present study indicated that the crude methanolic extract significantly paralysis and also caused death of worm in short time, as compared to aqueous extract. The both extract showed greater P and D time than the standard reference albendazole. Various concentrations of (25, 50, 100 mg/ml) of methanolic and aqueous extracts were tested in the bioassay, which involved the determination of time of paralysis (P) and time of death (D) of the worms. Methanolic extract shows less time (2.88 min for paralysis and 8.64 min for death of worm with 100 mg/ml of methanolic extract of Cleome vicosa) for paralysis and death of the worms as compared to the aqueous extract in the study. In conclusion, the traditional use of seeds of the plant Cleome viscosa as an helmintholytic activity have been confirmed and further studies are suggested to isolate the active principles responsible for activity. These observations showed the helmintholytic activity of Cleome viscosa seeds of methanolic and aqueous extract in paralysis and death of Pheretima posthuma.


"Richard Cory"is one of representative poems composed by American poet Edwin Arlington Robinson, in which Cory is portaryed as a rich gentleman highly respected and envied by everyone in the town through the viewpoint of Cory's neighbours. However, the ending that he fires a bullet through his head on a serene summer night leaves us the readers in suspense. Through the analysis of the characterization and diction in the poem, this paper will probe into the enigmatic suicide of Richard Cory.


effective in controlled trials. It is difficult to separate out the effects of the bronchial cast removal simply by bronchoscopic irrigation without mucolytic and ignores the potential deleterious effects of dynamic hyperinflation during bronchoscopy and the worsening of bronchospasm due to N-acetyl cysteine.


An embedding scheme is developed for the Dirac Hamiltonian H. Dividing space into regions I and II separated by surface S, an expression is derived for the expectation value of H which makes explicit reference to a trial function defined in I alone, with all details of region II replaced by an effective potential acting on S and which is related to the Green function of region II. Stationary solutions provide approximations to the eigenstates of H within I. The Green function for the embedded Hamiltonian is equal to the Green function for the entire system in region I. Application of the method is illustrated for the problem of a hydrogen atom in a spherical cavity and an Au(001)/Ag/Au(001) sandwich structure using basis sets that satisfy kinetic balance.


Prognostic significance of 24-h profile of peripheral BP is well-known. The growing insights in the role of arterial stiffening in cardiovascular disease led to the viewpoint that vascular risk must be more closely associated with central than brachial BP. While the upper limits for clinic and ambulatory peripheral BP have been routinely used for a long time and the reference values for clinical central BP have been developed some years ago, the hypertensive threshold for 24-h central BP hasn`t been investigated until 2022.To apply novel reference values of 24-h central SBP (cSBP) in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to characterize the hypertensive profile.The study group included 85 patients with RA (females 77.6%, age 59.7±14.3 (M±SD) years, HTN 65%, median HTN duration 6.6 years, RA duration – 7 years seropositive RA 65%, mean DAS-28(CRP) 3.7±1.1) and control group (40 patients matched by gender, age and risk factors). All patients with HTN received antihypertensive therapy. Office peripheral BP was measured with a validated oscillometric device, 24-hour ABPM was performed with BPLab Vasotens, arterial stiffness – by applanation tonometry. CV risk was calculated by mSCORE (EULAR recommended modified version). The upper limits for normal central SBP were 125 mmHg for daytime, 115 mmHg for nighttime and 120 mmHg for 24-h BP. P<0.05 was considered significan.t.Mean central SBP in patients with RA was 123±21 mmHg (108±13 mmHg in normotensive and 132±20 in hypertensive patients, p<0.05). Hypertensive patients with RA vs controls were characterized by significantly higher frequency of elevation of daytime cSBP (44.1% vs 12.5%, p=0.01) and a trend to higher frequency of elevation of nighttime cSBP (58.8% vs 37.5%, p=0,09) and 24-h SBP (47.1% vs 25%, p=0.05). In normotensive RA patients compared to controls cSBP was elevated in 7.1% vs 0% for daytime, 14.3% vs 0% for nighttime and 7.1% vs 0% for 24H BP respectively (p>0.05 or the trend). All patients with normal peripheral ambulatory SBP (daytime, nighttime and 24-h) had normal central ambulatory SBP. 2 patients with elevated 24-h pSBP and 5 patients with elevated nighttime pSBP had normal cSBP while 2 patients with normal daytime pSBP had elevated cSBP. Patterns of diurnal index were similar for peripheral and central SBP (the discordance was observed only in 4 patients who were dippers by peripheral BP and non-dippers by central). Patients with RA and central 24-h BP elevation compared to patients with normal profile had higher ESR, longer RA duration, higher BMI, higher frequency of obesity, HTN, longer duration of HTN, higher cfPWV, central pulse pressure, stiffness gradient (cfPWV/crPWV), CAVI and higher CV risk. There were significant correlations between central 24-h BP elevation and ESR, hypertension-related parameters (PWV, pulse pressure, stiffness gradient, CAVI) and SCORE index.The first application of novel reference values of ambulatory cSBP in RA showed that cSBP elevation is highly prevalent and in hypertensive individuals the frequency of daytime cSBP elevation is higher than in controls. Not only hypertension related parameters but also high ESR may be the markers of 24-h cSBP elevation.[1] Weber T, Protogerou A, Agharazii M et al. Twenty-Four–Hour Central (Aortic) Systolic Blood Pressure: Reference Values and Dipping Patterns in Untreated Individuals. Hypertension. 2022;79:251–260.NIL.Ravshanoi Rakhmadzhanova: None declared, Geovanny Farias: None declared, Elena Troitskaya: None declared, Rita Osipyants: None declared, Sergei Velmakin: None declared, Zhanna Kobalava Speakers bureau: Servier, Pfizer, Astra-Zeneca.


Since the works of Aschauer (1989a) and Munnell (1990), several authors have attempted to establish a relationship between public infrastructure spending and productivity or economic growth. In this paper, we use the dual approach to model the contribution of public spending in infrastructure in the province of Quebec, which is the same approach that was proposed by Harchaoui and Tarkhani (2003) and applied to the Canadian economy. We use Quebec economy data to measure the contribution of public capital to sectoral economic growth for the 1997-2002 period. Our results confirm a positive relationship between public capital and economic growth albeit of smaller magnitude than those estimated in Harchaoui and Tarkhani (2003).


A seismic facies characterization of the Late Triassic Fruholmen Formation and the Jurassic Sto Formation—both hydrocarbon-bearing reservoir units within the Realgrunnen Subgroup in the Barents Sea—was performed to better understand reservoir facies distributions and variations in the wider Hoop area. Depositional features such as fluvial channels and associated elements were highlighted using (1) RMS amplitude maps draped onto stratal slices, and (2) colour-blended images obtained from partial reconstructions of the seismic volume reflection spectrum (VRS). Depositional thickness variations were investigated using isochore maps, and information obtained from regional well data was considered for the analysis. The study indicates a fluvial-dominated depositional system for the mid- to upper-Fruholmen Formation, and a shallow-marine environment for the overlying Sto Formation. Differences in facies thickness distributions are attributed to morphological changes that constrain the depositional environment and are related to paleo-topography, and fault activity before and during deposition of the reservoir section.


The pure CrN powders oxidized to Cr₂O₃ noticeably above 850℃ in air. When these powders were sintered into bulk samples at 1500℃ under 40 atm of N₂ pressure, the CrN phase partly changed into the Cr₂N phase, owing to the partial loss of nitrogen from CrN. When the bulk sample was heated at 1000-1200 ℃ for 100 hr under vacuum, the CrN phase also progressively changed into Cr ₂N. At the same time, a relatively thin Cr₂O₃ layer formed on the bulk sample due to the reaction of chromium with residual oxygen in vacuum.


Degradation of plant patches is considered as one of the indices for rangeland degrading health condition. Investigating the accuracy of triple indices (infiltration, stability and soil nutrient cycle) presented by LFA method seems necessary to determine its efficiency in semi-arid areas with the least cost. This study aims to investigate the role of vegetative species and growing forms on soil surface characteristics in Dehbar semi-steppe rangelands, Iran in 2014. So, eleven soil surface characteristics in different vegetative types each of 3 replicates were measured using landscape functional analysis (LFA). Then, the measured parameters were classified based on their sustainability, permeability and food chain continuum for each plant species. According to the results obtained from various analytical investigations, the ecological patches consisting of Artemisia aucheri (46.83%) and complex of Artemisia aucheri and Agropyron intermedium (with the amount of 41.7%) were higher than other forms of vegetative growth for soil sustainability. The complex of Acantholimon sp., Artemisia aucheri and Astragalus commixtus had the lowest amount in terms of soil sustainability (38%). The comparison of soil permeability indices for different types of plant covers showed that the percentage of Artemisia aucheri (32.06%) and complex of Artemisia aucheri and Agropyron intermedium (33.5%) had the highest amount while all other patches were equal and had the lowest amount. In terms of food chain, the ecological patches such as Artemisia aucheri (25.63%) and complex of Artemisia aucheri and Agropyron intermedium (27.66%) had the highest amount. The complex of Artemisia aucheri and Astragalus commixtus (16.36%), the complex of Acantholimon sp., Artemisia aucheri and Astragalus commixtus (13.63%) and the complex of Acantholimon sp. and Agropyron intermedium (15.36%) had the lowest values (p≤0.01). Therefore, Artemisia aucheri (shrub) and a complex of Artemisia aucheri and Agropyron intermedium (grass) patches, introduced as ecological indicators for the study area, are suggested for rangelands restoration.


The article presents the results of the theoretical and comparative analysis of the scientific psychological and pedagogical literature on the problem of studying the main approaches to the operationalization of emotional intelligence. In particular, a brief description of the main components of the most well-known methods of measuring emotional intelligence is provided: the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test developed by J. Mayer, P. Salovey and D. Caruso, the self-report tests "Emotional Quotient Inventory" by R. Bar-On and N. Schutte with colleagues's Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test, D. Gowlman's Emotional Competence Inventory, K. Izard's Emotional Knowledge Test, R. Cooper's "EQMap" for interpersonal success model, K. Petrides and E. Furnham's "Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire" test, N. Hall's method of assessing emotional intelligence, D. Lusin's "EmIn" questionnaire, etc. The relevance of the study of the main aspects of methods of measuring emotional intelligence is due to the need to clarify the structure of this phenomenon and include it in the system of personal characteristics, as well as the influence of ambiguity of the role of emotional intelligence in educational activities. Based on the comparative characteristics of the main components of the most famous methods of measuring emotional intelligence, an attempt was made to conceptualize the main approaches to its operationalization. Emphasis, in particular, is made on the comparison of the main criteria by the differentiation of emotional intelligence as a trait and emotional intelligence as ability. The results of the analysis are important for further studies of this phenomenon. As the analysis of scientific and psychological approaches to the problem of operationalization of emotional intelligence has shown, there is a need to personalize tests of emotional intelligence in accordance with students' requests and their problems, to study the features of intercultural validity of emotional intelligence. A promising area of study of emotional intelligence is also the study of its relationship with metacognitive strategies. In particular, the theoretical-methodological and empirical principles of studying emotional intelligence in the context of metacognitive monitoring of students' learning activities are relevant.


This article analyzes the ideological positioning of political parties in the formation of the Indonesia Adil Makmur Coalition in the 2019 Presidential Election. Democracy has brought political parties in the political electoral. In 2014 the dynamics of political parties in Indonesia before and after the Presidential Election were interpreted as manifestations of the office-seeking coalition model. The characteristics of the office-seeking coalition model are fluid and not permanent. This seems to justify a practical political adage which states that in politics there are no eternal friends or enemies, what is in the interests of servants. The 20% presidential threshold has resulted in political parties having to form coalitions to support candidates in the Presidential Election in 2019. The method used in this study is media analysis and literature studies. The results of the analysis indicate that the coalition of political parties in the 2019 Presidential Election is a must for political parties. The emergence of the catch-all party shows pragmatism and shifts the ideology of political parties in building the coalition. This proves the lack of commitment and weakening of the ideology of political parties from time to time. Political parties focus more on getting a share of power. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that ideology cannot be used as the absolute preference of the coalition of political parties. Because it is proven that the composition of the coalition is not always formed on the basis of ideology. This explains that the formation of coalitions is the basis of political interests that are non-ideological or office-seeking to get a share of power.


Self-locking belt retractor having a vehicle-sensitive and / or belt webbing-controllable locking device, wherein the belt retractor, a first between the belt shaft and a separate, controllable by means of a locking member fixed to the housing to be locked profile head switched force limiting device, and wherein to increase the retaining force a second force limiting means with one of the belt shaft is applied and provided with relative rotation of the spool with respect to the blocked profile head in an abutment deformable deformation element, characterized in that fixed to the time delay of the response of the second force limiting device which at the profile head (12) deformation element with a thread is provided (18) on which a rotating jointly with the belt shaft (10) nut (19) is disposed screw, wherein the screw nut (19) before activation of the second force limiting multiplexing frame generating apparatus is arranged with a distance to the deformation element and due to the due to the relative rotation of the spool (10) relative to the deformation element caused screwing bridges the distance to the deformation element to the take-away of the deformation element with rotation of the belt shaft (10).


Background: Diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction are closely related. Numerous studies have reported an increased prevalence of thyroid disorders in diabetic patients, especially in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Objectives: Therefore, the purpose of this review is to discuss the numerous underlying mechanisms behind the relationship between diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction in order to demonstrate that the correlation between these two prevalent conditions is unlikely to be a coincidental finding.
Review: Diabetes and Thyroid disorders are characterized by endocrine system dysfunction. Thyroid hormones influence glucose metabolism in different ways, for example, they increase absorption of glucose from the gut, increase GLUT-2 level, regulate energy balance, and cause increased lipolysis which ultimately raises glucose levels in the body. Furthermore, thyroid hormones interact with adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, to affect glucose metabolism. Additionally, studies suggest that hyperthyroidism impairs diabetic glycemic control, whereas hypothyroidism increases the risk of hypoglycemia, further complicating diabetes management.
Conclusion: This paper emphasizes thyroid abnormalities, if left untreated, can raise the risk of several diabetes complications including retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy, and can worsen diabetic symptoms. As a result, treating subclinical hypothyroidism or hypothyroidism in diabetic individuals can be advantageous. Therefore, a systematic method for early thyroid testing in diabetic patients to avoid severe complications is highly recommended.


591 last reprinting of the book appeared in 1920. Hence, as Professor Wright says in his Editorial Note, there was need to make it available "to be read by all students of physiology and to be re-read by their teachers and by mature investigators in the field." Of the contents of the book there is little for the modern reviewer to say-it stands wholly on its own proven merits. It is difficult for any of us who have received training in the interval since the First World War fully to appreciate the importance and the impact of this set of lectures, so integral in modern physiology have Sherrington's ideas become. The text should be read at least once by every student of physiology for it is a model of well-ordered thinking and sequential and lucid exposition. To the original have been added a foreword by Sir Charles, a curriculum vitae, and a bibliography of Sir Charles' writings. The Physiological Society is to be congratulated for promoting this project, the editor has obviously devoted appreciative care to his assignment, and the publishers have given us a model of book making-all in all, a happy acknowledgment of the debt we owe to a great man. This is a revision of Professor Edwards' Anatomy for Physical Education and is now designed for students in such fields as physical therapy, medical technology, nursing, dental hygiene, and physical education. It should admirably meet the needs of this group of students if their crowded schedules allow time for reading a book of this length with the care that any anatomical textbook necessitates. The presentation of the subject matter follows an interesting and a potentially quite successful order. The first portion of the book, comprising 138 pages, is concerned with general anatomy, with chapters on general microscopic and developmental anatomy, general osteology, general arthrology, general myology, general neurology, general angiology, and general dermatology. The nature and scope of this portion of the book may be seen in the discussion of general osteology, which includes gross structure, surface markings, periosteum, microscopic structure, blood supply, chemical and physical properties, and architectural features. The remainder of the book is written as regional anatomy. Thus Professor Edwards has in effect resolved the ancient debate as to whether anatomy should be presented by regions or systems by doing both in the same book. Moreover, sufficient material of practical and biological interest is …


MANY AUTHORS have written about the relationship between diagnosis and treatment in casework, but there has been little empirical investigation of the actual influence of diagnosis on the practitioner's decisions about treatment. The study reported in this article was an attempt to examine the impact of one kind of diagnostic variable-the client's ego disturbance-on the caseworker's use of one kind of treatment approachinsight-oriented techniques. * Casework theory suggests that the use of techniques for developing self-awareness usually should be avoided in the treatment of severely disturbed (borderline or schizophrenic) clients because their use would stimulate excessive anxiety or regression. The same techniques, however, are often considered useful for clients who have suffered less ego damage, for example, clients whose ego functioning may be somewhat impaired by neurotic problems or character disorders.' If the assumption is made that caseworkers are guided by theory in relating diagnosis to treatment, it may be hypothesized that clients functioning at a betterintegrated level would more likely be treated through methods aimed at increasing selfunderstanding than would clients functioning at a schizophrenic or borderline level. The results of a study that I conducted previously partially supported this hypothesis.2 Because the hdings were not clear-cut and were based on a particular sample of caseworkers and a particular type of re-


Abstract: In an influential article published in 2000, David Gill and Christopher Chippindale devised a scale to assess the quality of the provenance information provided for the antiquities displayed in seven recent high-profile exhibitions or collections. This article critically reviews Chippindale and Gill's provenance scale, arguing that the values it encodes legitimize some of the more intellectually harmful practices of dealers and curators. The scale also fails to differentiate between more intellectually responsible methods of hypothesizing provenance and those that merely generate houses of cards. An alternative model for assessing how antiquities are discussed in museum scholarship, focusing on epistemological precision and reflexivity, is offered.


Measurements of the electrical conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and thermoelectric power in liquid Cu-CuTlTe2 and Ag-AgTlTe2 systems have been carried out over wide temperature and composition ranges. These liquid systems exhibit the compound-forming behavior in the vicinity of stoichiometric compositions, Cu3TlTe2 and Ag3TlTe2, such as the conductivity minimum, diamagnetic maximum and reverse in the sign of the thermoelectric power. Radial distribution analyses of the stoichiometric compositions, Cu3TlTe2 and Ag3TlTe2, by X-ray and neutron diffractions indicate that the bonding nature of Cu-Te and Ag-Te in both alloys is rather covalent, differing from the ionic nature of Tl-Te in liquid Tl2Te which is well-known as a typical compound-forming liquid.


This article examines the discourses of educational decentralization in the South African context. It considers the shifting and contested definitions of the concept as it relates to three broad dimensions of the policy: administrative, political, and ideological. Further, it discusses understandings of educational decentralization as they are being evidenced in current policy development in South Africa. It also critically examines notions of educational decentralization embedded in recent legislation and the tensions and contradictions contained therein. Last, it highlights a particular manifestation of educational decentralization in the South African context: the tension between national and provincial educational competencies and decision making. INTRODUCTION Decentralization is currently the stated policy of most educational systems throughout the world and is the central plank of major international efforts aimed at restructuring education systems. The thrust toward decentralization is evident in the 1988 Education Reform Act (ERA) of England and Wales (Bash & Coulby, 1991; Bowe, Ball, & Gold, 1992). It is also evident in the "Tomorrow's Schools" report of the Australian government and in the changes effected as a result of that report (Gordon, 1992; Lauder & Wylie, 1990). It can be seen as well in the changes made to the Dutch educational system since 1982 (Sleegers & Wesselingh, 1993); in Brazilian education since the 1980s (dos Santos Filhos, 1993); and in current South African policy texts (Republic of South Africa Department of Education [RSADE], 1996). Additionally, educational decentralization is supported by international agencies such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (Bloomer, 1991; Prawda, 1993). This article examines the discourses of decentralization in the South African educational context. It begins by reviewing the literature on educational decentralization and highlighting the shifting and contested definitions of the concept as it relates to three broad dimensions of the policy: administrative, political, and ideological. Section two discusses understandings of educational decentralization as they are being evidenced in current policy development in South Africa. This discussion extends the author's previous research on the topic before the 1996 elections (Sayed, 1995), with a specific focus on the impact of the South African Schools Act of 1996 (SASA).' The third section critically examines notions of educational decentralization embedded in the SASA legislation and the tensions and contradictions contained therein. The final section highlights a particular manifestation of educational decentralization in the South African context: the tension between national and provincial educational competencies and decision making. THE NOTION OF EDUCATIONAL DECENTRALIZATION The Administrative Dimension Most publicly justified claims for educational decentralization are based on the administrative dimension. Advocates focusing on structural issues related to a given educational system are principally concerned with the ways in which educational resources are distributed, managed, and utilized. The key questions in this regard are (a) how can education be most efficiently and effectively provided, and (b) what are the most responsive and flexible structures for meeting local and recipient needs (Prawda, 1993; Rodinelli, McCullought, & Johnson, 1987)? These questions point out that administrative decentralization has more to do with the implementation of educational policies and priorities than with their identification and development. Spatial and territorial redistribution of control over these aspects tells very little, however, about the power structures that exist in a particular educational system. In a decentralized system, control over key policy decisions may still be retained at the administrative center. …


Discharge phenomena in positive rod-to-plane air gaps under lightning impulse and dc voltages were investigated.

Under impulse voltages, the 50 percent flashover voltages agree with the 50 percent corona inception voltages only in a gap shorter than a certain value dc which increases with the rod diameter φ. The 50 percent flashover voltage at dc rises at a rate of about 14 kV/cm with dc in the range of dc < 2.8 cm (φ ⩽ 1.5 cm), and then it rises at a rate of about 5 kV/cm. Experimental results show that the flashover process in the former region (termed the Gp process) is different from that in the latter region (the Lp process).

Under dc voltages, the critical gap length, at which the first corona may lead to flashover without any succeeding streamer corona, corresponds to dc under impulse voltage. In a gap shorter than dc flashover occurs through the Gp process (φ ⩽ 1 cm) or Lp process (φ ≥ 2 cm), but in gap longer than dc flashover may occur through another process which cannot be seen under impulse voltages.

In this paper, those flashover characteristics and processes are described on the basis of experimental results and photographic observations with an image converter camera.


Frequency upconversion of a few low-energy photons into a single high-energy photon contributes to imaging, light sources, and detection. However, the upconverting of many photons exhibits negligible efficiency. Upconversion through laser heating is an efficient means to generate energetic photons; yet the spectrally broad thermal emission and the challenge of operating at high temperatures limit its practicality. Heating specific modes can potentially generate narrow upconverted emission; however, so far such "hot-carriers" have been observed only in downconversion processes and as having negligible lifetime, due to fast thermalization. Here we experimentally demonstrate upconversion by excitation of a steady-state non-thermal-equilibrium population, which induces steady, narrow emission at a practical bulk temperature. Specifically, we used a 10.6 μm laser to generate 980 nm narrow emission with 4% total efficiency and upconverted radiance that far exceeds the device's possible blackbody radiation. This...


PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop and validate a measurement scale for determining the "Halalness" of restaurants and related behaviour among Muslim consumers in the absence of the halal logo. The study responded to scholarly calls for further research in exploring the consumption practices of Muslims.Design/methodology/approachThe scale was developed and validated using a rigorous methodology recommended in the scale development literature. The study used a total sample of 438 (66 respondents for pilot study, 208 for exploratory survey and 164 for the confirmatory survey) to collect the data. Reliability and validity of the measurement scale was established through average variance extracted, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, critical ratios and discriminant validity.FindingsThe results from the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory analysis propose a three-dimensional measurement scale with 14 items for establishing the "Halalness" of restaurants and including social servicescape; neighbourhood and behaviour.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was unable to validate a number of cues and behaviour such as the presence of images in the restaurant or consumer responses to the presence of alcohol. The researchers are therefore encouraged to test these cues.Originality/valueThe study addresses a gap in Islamic literature, and it is among the first to provide conceptualisation and empirically validate a scale for measuring the "Halalness" of restaurants. The scale was tested and validated based on samples drawn from two different countries, thereby allowing for generalizability.


The impact of HS on larval growth and development, ERR, cocoon characteristics and biochemical elements of carbohydrate content was investigated using FC2 X FC1 bivoltine hybrid silkworm breed. On the third day of the fifth instar, the FC2 X FC1 bivoltine hybrid was treated to HS at 30, 35, 40 and 45ºC for 1 h with 1 h retrieval. Following that, silkworms were maintained in the rearing house under naturally fluctuating environmental circumstances in order to assess their intrinsic potentiality for overcoming temperature changes and producing cocoons in contrast to non-HS B. mori larvae. At 40°C, the biological and commercial features gained the most weight. As a result, although all larvae heat shocked at 35 and 40°C metamorphosed into pupae with better growth than controls, the fifth instar showed the greatest improvement in it. However, heat shock temperature of 45˚C was lethal since all the biological and commercial characters were severely affected in all instars. Thus, temperatures of 40°C should be considered when screening for better parents to develop thermotolerant breeds/hybrids for tropical countries such as India, in order to elicit a profound response and acquire tolerance to overcome the fluctuated environmental condition. Both control and HS showed a sequential increase in carbohydrate content but found declined upon HS of 45˚C.


Identification of an ancient family of asteroids may help constrain solar system origins One of the major goals of planetary science is to understand the formation of all the bodies within our solar system, including the nearly one million known asteroids. There are two main competing theories (see the figure). The first and classical theory suggests that these bodies formed incrementally, starting as dust grains and accumulating bit by bit until they reached their final size. The second and more recent theory (1, 2) suggests that these bodies formed almost instantly through the gravitational collapse of clusters of pebble-sized material in the protoplanetary disk into single bodies hundreds or thousands of kilometers in diameter. This method skips the meter-to-kilometer intermediate size range that has been problematic to quantify with the classical method. On page 1026 of this issue, Delbo' et al. (3) find compelling observational evidence that when the asteroids formed, they were initially of large size, thus favoring the second model.


The ab-plane resistivity of Bi2Sr2CuO, crystals as a function of temperature has been measured. In the process of metal-insulator transition, the crystals at low temperature exhibit the two-dimensional weak localization behavior at first, and cross over to the variable-range-hopping conduction of the strong localization regime gradually. Discussions on the nature of the metal-insulator transition are presented based on the experimental results.


Invalid image pixels often cluster within the overlapping region of neighboring Landsat scenes and can have negative impact on the quality of image composites generated from multiple Landsat scenes. We propose a method to automatically screen invalid image pixels in Landsat-4, 5, 7 images by generating a polygon smaller than the bounding box of each scene. Our assessment results show that masking invalid pixels with the proposed method can effectively eliminate the edge effect and significantly improve the quality of composites. This automatic invalid image pixel screening process can serve as an image preprocessing step to facilitate large area applications with Landsat images based on cloud computing platforms.


A scale was developed to measure perceptions of sexual abuse in youth sports by assessing (a) the perceived prevalence of sexual abuse committed by pedophilic youth sport coaches, (b) the perceived likelihood that a coach is a pedophile, (c) perceptions on how youth sport organizations should manage the risk of pedophilia, and (d) media influence on participant perception. Two studies were conducted for (a) the formulation of the conceptual framework, (b) the development of preliminary items, (c) an exploratory factor analysis, and (d) a confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling. The first data set (n = 223) was used for exploratory factor analysis, and four factors (i.e., Management, Prevalence, Influence, and Likelihood) with 15 items emerged. With an independent sample (n = 209), confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted and found strong support for the scale's psychometric properties, including, convergent validity, predictive validity, and reliability. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed along with study limitations and suggestions for future studies.


The temperature conditions for the formation of aluminum, yttrium, erbium, barium, and bismuth borates from the glass-ceramic phase were determined by the Gibbs energy minimization method. The use of thermodynamic information in the interpretation of the results of thermal, XRD, and SEM analyzes of glass-ceramic samples contributed to the optimization of the modes of their sol-gel synthesis.


A new multiplicative congruential pseudorandom number generator is discussed, in which the modulus is the largest prime within accumulator capacity and the multiplier is a primitive root of that prime. This generator passes the usual statistical tests and in addition the least significant bits appear to be as random as the most significant bits--a property which generators having modulus 2 k do not possess.


of the war could be seen as all but interchangeable' (232). Heinrich tends to play down the power wielded by the Nazi authorities (notably the Reich Dramaturge's office) over German theatre repertoires. This was not diminished by the fact that the Nazi regime did not publish explicit blacklists. Instead, the Reich Dramaturge's office reserved a veto power over reper- toires, successfully fostering a culture of self-censorship and pre-emptive compliance. Nazi zealots may have been in a minority among German theatre directors, but most sought to stay out of trouble and avoided conflict with the authorities. The archaic prerogatives of Britain's Lord Chamberlain were not quite on the same level, and the censorship powers acquired by Home Secretary Herbert Morrison in 1942 were not, as far as Heinrich can show, actually exercised. (Ironically, the Lord Chamberlain's ban on disrespectful portrayals of foreign leaders extended protection from lampooning on stage to Adolf Hitler, even after the outbreak of war.) By contrast, Goebbels' cultural functionaries even censored the German classics. Heinrich states that G.E. Lessing's Nathan der Weise was 'clearly avoided' after the first weeks of the dictatorship (191). In fact, in 1934, Eberhard Wolfgang Möller, Nazi playwright and one of the Reich Dramaturge's subordinates, was more direct than that, boasting that the office had seen to it that the play was no longer performed. Even the much-praised 'Germanic poet' Friedrich Schiller was subject to censorship, with Wilhelm Tell banned in 1941. At one point, Heinrich writes that 'the Nazis tried . . . at all costs' to avoid the image of 'a dictatorial police state' (91). One sees what he is driving at, but one may still have reservations about how hard they were actually trying. If some historians in the field of Nazi theatre and cultural policy will place different emphases than Heinrich, this does not detract from the extent to which his work is a useful contribution to it, and the kind of comparative regional research in evidence here could well be a model for other such studies.


Four noise barrier systems are commonly used in Minnesota: wood plank on posts, prestressed concrete panels, glued laminated wood panels, and earth mounds. Each is described with comments on advantages, disadvantages and problems encountered. Basic criteria for noise barrier systems are reviewed. Acoustic, function, safety, appearance, structural adequacy, durability, and costs are discussed. Examples of current practice are given. Design procedures and certain design details and refinements are discussed. The Minnesota Department of Transportation's barrier system evaluation and approval procedure is described.


Carbon is an important and significant component of most anhydrous and hydrated IDP's. We have analyzed approx. 40 anhydrous and hydrated chondritic IDP's for major and minor elements, including C and O. Quantitative analyses of light elements in small particles are difficult and require careful procedures in order to obtain reliable results. In our work, we have completed extensive analytical checks to verify the accuracy and precision of C abundances in IDP's. In our present work, additional methods are used to verify C abundances in IDP's including analysis of IDP thin sections embedded in S, and direct observation of carbonaceous material in thin sections. Our work shows conclusively that C is strongly enriched in IDP's relative to CI abundances.


In order to get administrative authorization, a non dangerous waste landfill site (ISDND), must justify a favourable geological context, which follows the AFNOR "Guide de bonnes pratiques pour les reconnaissances geologiques ». Criteria and technical means are described among which the in situ and lab permeability determination processes. The low and very low permeability coefficient to be measured within the deep argillaceous formations of a landfill site, is a delicate operation which must be representative and accurate. Depending the permeability range, several norms are proposed.


This paper deals with the security of the robust zero-bit watermarking technique "Broken Arrows" (BA),1 which was invented and tested for the international challenge BOWS-2.2 The results of the first episode of the challenge showed that BA is very robust and we proposed last year an enhancement called "Averaging Wavelet Coefficients" (AWC),3 which further strengthens the robustness against the worst attack disclosed during this BOWS-2's first episode.4 However, in the second and third episodes of the challenge, during which the pirates could observe plenty of pictures watermarked with the same secret key, security flaws have been revealed and discussed.5 Here we propose counterattacks to these security flaws, investigating BA and its variant AWC. We propose two counterattack directions: to use the embedding technique AWC instead of BA, and to regulate the system parameters to lighten the watermarking embedding footprint. We also discuss these directions in the context of traitor tracing.6 Experimental results show that following these recommendations is sufficient to counter these attacks.


C-band SAR and InSAR data has been widely used for several Earth related studies (topography, volcanology, forestry etc.). Nevertheless, not much attention has been paid to urban areas and coherence imagery has been used for classification purposes only. So, urban areas and other built-up environments present great challenges for SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) interferometry processing. In fact, SAR and InSAR parameters acquired in C-band can be useful for urban oriented studies as they provide valuable information about the shape of a city and its main structures; the determination of elevation models of buildings could be an important topic too. In this paper we have analysed the potential benefits connected with the combination of SAR and InSAR signatures (intensity image, 1-day and long term) for urban oriented applications. In particular we have analysed the causes of decorrelation over urban areas. It is well known that coherence can be divided into five components: spatial, temporal, thermal noise, processor and volume. We focused the attention on volume scattering decorrelation. The effects of volume scattering in terms of estimated coherence can be explained by the Van Cittert Zernike theorem: volume coherence is the normalized Fourier transform of the backscattering coefficient as function of height. Moreover, a model for backscattering coefficient of urban areas has been defined. This model allows to get theoretical coherence values. In this paper several test sites have been considered in the surrounding of Naples, in Italy. Theoretical and experimental values of tandem coherence are compared and the mean heights of buildings are extracted. In situ measurements are in agreement with values of the buildings height obtained from coherence comparison. The described procedure seems to be promising also considering the interest to compare this kind of data with those of SRTM mission; better results may be achieved using fine resolution coherence images.


Wavelet theory is becoming a very useful tool to characterize electromagnetic structures due to the excellent properties of wavelet families for the accurate representation of functions and operators. Up to now, wavelet theory has been applied successfully to electromagnetic integral equations solved through moment methods. However, in this paper, the computation of the modal behavior of rectangular waveguides strongly perturbed by axial cylindrical conducting objects is taken via the Nystrom method, which is an elegant and simple procedure for solving integral equations. In order to improve the efficiency, wavelet-like bases are used to expand the unknown electric current. Therefore, memory requirements and computational costs are reduced dramatically.


ON UP A RESERVE SENSITIVE COATING ON THE SURFACE OF A MATRIX 10. PLACE ON PATTERN DOOR BY FILM OVER THE SURFACE OF SAID COATING AND ON ACCOUNT MOVIE TO OWN LIGHT RAISE SUCH COATING IN REGIONS sELECTED BELOW THE PATTERN ON FILM. ON DEVELOPED SUCH COATING STATEMENT, WHICH HAPPENED ONE RESERVE MATERIAL DRAWING 12 WITH LARGE OPEN ZONES LACK OF THIS MATERIAL 12 ON MATRIX 10 AND RESERVE MATERIAL ISLANDS SMALL 12 ON THAT MATRIX 10. SOME iSLANDS mATERIAL RESERVE 12 WITH oPEN ZONES 11 IN THEIR CENTER OF ELEMENTS CHANNEL FORM 13 LINKING THESE AREAS oPEN 11 WITH oPEN ZONES LARGE MATRIX 10. ON SUBJECTS tHEN THE SURFACE OF THE MATRIX TO 10 GALVANOPLASTIE OPERATION TO REMOVE MATERIAL IN OPEN AREAS AND ABOVE THE CHANNEL. ON THE MATERIAL REMOVED 12 AND 10 THE MATRIX OF THE MATTER SUBMITTED TO FORM THE PLATE SHAPE STENCIL.


ABSTRACT The multivariate Chebyshev inequality for a random vector on probability measure space has been studied by numerous authors. One thing that seems missing is the multivariate version of Chebyshev inequality in non additive cases. In this article, we show that this inequality still works in generalized probability theory based on Choquet integral.


A bidimensional mathematical model has been developed to study the propagation of acoustic waves in waveguides. This paper presents the theoretical formulation and its application to a rectilinear elastic wedge, which top angle is variable. Comparison between finite element results and empirical or experimental results demonstrates the accuracy of the model. Then, the method is extended to curved waveguides


The present invention relates to novel pharmaceutical compositions based on novel anticholinergics and PDE-IV inhibitors, processes for their preparation and their use in the treatment of respiratory diseases.


Armrest for a vehicle center console, comprising a base means (14) which is pivotable with the arm rest a console fixed first pivot axis (16), characterized in that the base means (14) comprises a toothed segment (38) through which within a certain angular range several inclined positions of the armrest (10) are adjustable, wherein the toothed segment (38) of the console fixed first pivot axis (16) has a radial distance (R1) (the radial distance between a central portion of the armrest and console fixed first pivot axis 16 comes) suggests that (in the sector gear 38) engages spring-supported in the respective arm rest position a (a console fixed second pivot axis 42) pivotable ratchet device (44) and.


In developing countries, the majority of local people rely largely on medicinal plants to treat common diseases. This reliance is due to a number of reasons among which economic and cultural backgrounds play important role. This study carried out using PRA and household surveys in 45 randomly selected households from four villages around Duru-Haitemba village forest in Babati, Tanzania. The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of socio-economic factors on the level of knowledge of ethnomedicinal plants, domestication and retention of medicinal plants in home gardens. Socio-economic factors investigated include education level, gender, age, religion, income level and distance to the forest. Among these factors, religion and income level were found to influence significantly the level of knowledge of medicinal plants and domestication efforts. The study argues that medicinal plants are of critical importance in the livelihoods of local people particularly poor households and therefore adequate actions should be taken to preserve them. TJFNC Vol. 76 2007: pp. 59-66


The invention designs a blanket and a preparation process thereof, the blanket is prepared by the process comprising the following steps: selecting raw materials, weaving, performing pre-finishing process, printing, drying, performing high-pressure steaming and color fixation, washing with water, performing softening treatment, after-finishing and manufacturing a finished product, the design concept of light, thin and soft of the blanket is adopted, a plurality of problems, such as insufficient brightness and uniformity in printing, poor air permeability, high content of formaldehyde, high washing shrinkage, small resistance to pressure, poorer sensory aesthetic feeling and other defects, in the process technology for producing the blanket (cloud blanket) in the prior art are solved, the simple, effective and fast blanket (cloud blanket) production process is provided and a product is in line with the relevant quality standard.


Objective To evaluate the effect of three-dimensional (3D) digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the treatment of intracranial aneurysm. Methods A comparison of 2D DSA and 3D DSA was made in 23 patients with aneurysms, pre- and post-operatively, in terms of the shape and the neck of the aneurysm, the feasibility of therapy and post-operative evaluation. Results Compared with 2D DSA, 3D DSA could more clearly depict the aneurysm shape and neck, and exactly show the feasibility of endovascular or microsurgical treatment, correctly judge the degree of embolization and clipping. Conclusion 3D DSA is of great value in the treatment and evaluation of intracranial aneurysm. It can provide valuable information for endovascular and microsurgical treatment that 2D DSA can not provide.


The (111)A-oriented GaSb films are two-dimensionally grown on the Si(111) substrate. We found that the insertion of a thin interface layer of InAs between GaSb and Si is very effective to obtain high-quality GaSb films. Using the GaSb/InAs/Si heterostructure, we have fabricated HfO2/GaSb metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors. The MOS capacitors show electrical characteristics comparable to those fabricated on GaSb(001) substrates, making itself suitable for realizing the integration of Sb-based MOS devices with Si substrates.


In this paper, a bridgeless Cuk derived AC/DC converter is proposed. The present circuit topology separates the input PFC current and output voltage-regulation current, which reduces the switch current stresses and improves system thermal management compared to the conventional bridge and bridgeless Cuk topologies. In addition, the proposed bridgeless topology has semi-soft switching function of all active switches to reduce converter switching losses. Therefore, the switch conduction losses and switching power losses all can be decreased due to the reduced current stress and semi-soft switching function. To understand the proposed Cuk derived converter, the circuit operation is explained and the steady-state behavior is analyzed. Finally a prototype system with DSP TMS320F28335 controller is implemented. Some simulation and experimental results are offered to verify the validity of the proposed bridgeless Cuk derived PFC converter.


In the aftermath of the financial and economic crisis, researchers and those involved in economic policymaking have increasingly been turning their attention to cyclical fluctuations in the financial system. In these discussions, the term "financial cycles" is usually used to describe joint upward and downward movements of credit aggregates and asset prices over the medium run, which extend beyond the length of business cycles. The academic literature often presents financial cycles as the result of mutually reinforcing interactions between asset valuation and risk perception in the financial system, which can then generate pronounced fluctuations in financial market variables and thus make for a more vulnerable economy.


' In pondere non magno satis ponderosae . . . ' It is with these words that one of his contemporaries praised the exegetical notes that Johann Friedrich Gronovius (1611-1671) included in his edition of Statius. The minute in-24° volume published by the Elzeviers in Amsterdam in 1653 may indeed be termed pondus non magnum, and it also seems legitimate to describe as satis ponderosae the clever and shrewd observations of the Hamburg-born scholar. This chapter uses the specific case of Gronovius' notes on the Thebaid to offer some reflections on the history of scholarship: What was the weight of a scholar's authority in the printed tradition of a Classical text, and how might its effects be felt? The chapter addresses this question. It also gives a very brief sketch of the exegetical material. Keywords: Johann Friedrich Gronovius; Statius; Thebaid


In electron guns, three lenses are present: the cathode lens, projecting a crossover in front of it, the main lens that images the crossover on the target, and the prefocusing lens situated in between, adapting the aperture angle to the main lens. The spot size at the target is calculated for different positions and strengths of the prefocusing lens. The analysis is based on a phase space representation of the rotationally symmetric beam. It is shown that by proper choice of the position and strength of the prefocusing lens, the resulting selective prefocusing lens (SPL) reduces the combined spherical aberration of the cathode lens and main lens by 45%. The intensity distributions in the spot with and without the SPL differ greatly and a more uniform spot intensity is obtained.


In this work, we have used the TSWM method (thermal square wave method at single-frequency) for determining the polarization profile of doped Sr 0.61 Ba 0.39 Nb 2 O 6 (SBN) crystals. In particular, Rh, Eu and Cr doping of SBN was studied in detail. It was shown that doping favors a more homogeneous polarization distribution. This was attributed either to the promotion of a more uniform poling by dopants or to a suppression of space charge formation near the surface.


We present near-infrared images in H2 at 2.12 μm of the HH 7/11 outflow and its driving source SVS 13 taken with the Hubble Space Telescope NICMOS2 camera, as well as archival Hα and [S II] optical images obtained with the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2). The Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer high angular resolution observations confirm the nature of a small-scale jet arising from SVS 13 and resolve a structure in the HH 7 working surface that could correspond to Mach disk H2 emission. The H2 jet has a length of 430 AU (at a distance of 350 pc) and an aspect ratio of 2.2 and morphologically resembles the well-known DG Tau optical microjet. The kinematical age of the jet (~10 yr) coincides with the time since the last outburst from SVS 13. If we interpret the observed H2 flux density with molecular shock models of 20-30 km s-1, then the jet has a density as high as 105 cm-3. The presence of this small jet warns that contamination by H2 emission from an outflow in studies searching for H2 in circumstellar disks is possible. At the working surface, the smooth H2 morphology of the HH 7 bow shock indicates that the magnetic field is strong, playing a major role in stabilizing this structure. The H2 flux density of the Mach disk, when compared with that of the bow shock, suggests that its emission is produced by molecular shocks of less than 20 km s-1. The WFPC2 optical images display several of the global features already inferred from ground-based observations, like the filamentary structure in HH 8 and HH 10, which suggests a strong interaction of the outflow with its cavity. The H2 jet is not detected in [S II] or Hα; however, there is a small clump at ~5 '' northeast of SVS 13 that could be depicting the presence of either a different outburst event or the north edge of the outflow cavity.


This article shows a case study research that is performed to compare effectiveness of the Planning Poker and Wideband Delphi in two case studies. Although, Wide Band Delphi has been proposed many years ago and has enough supports in both industry and academic area but, Planning Poker is somewhat new. The study showed that applying these techniques in two companies which were using expert's view for software cost estimation, increased the accuracy of cost estimation. Also, the results showed that Planning Poker led to better accuracy comparing to Wideband Delphi. However, this accuracy is not too much than Wideband Delphi, it was important that Planning Poker led to reducing financial risks of the projects comparing to Wideband Delphi. The study also showed that both Wideband Delphi and Planning Poker reduced the underestimates significantly.


We have studied the effect of misfit strain on the microstructure and properties of ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate thin films. We have changed the misfit strain by varying the film thickness and studied the thickness effect on the domain formation of epitaxial PbZr0.2Ti0.8O3 (PZT) films grown by pulsed laser deposition on (001) LaAlO3 substrates with La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSCO) electrodes. The nominal thickness of the PZT films was varied from 60 to 400 nm with the LSCO electrode thickness kept constant at 50 nm. X-ray diffraction experiments show that the films relax via the formation of a domains, the fraction of which increase with the ferroelectric film thickness. The c-axis lattice constant of PZT films calculated from the 002 reflection decreases with increasing film thickness and approaches the bulk value of ∼0.413 nm in the films thicker than 300 nm. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images reveal that the a-domain fraction and period increase with increasing film thickness. The re...


Although accident rates have diminished overall, thanks to the continuous efforts of air transport specialists and progress in aircraft technologies, the runway areas are still subject to frequent accidents. Over ten over-run occurrences are being reported each year, domestically as well as overseas, entailing serious aircraft damage and the loss of precious lives. Even if the runway conditions are deemed to be perfect, runway accidents may still occur due to weather conditions or pilot errors. However, as most of the runways had been constructed before the current Runway Safety Area (RSA) has been established, they fall short to satisfying the present facility standards. ICAO and FAA have set RSAs (standard length: 300m [1,000 ft]). Domestic air laws also stipulate 300m as the standard. The problem is that circumstances such as natural obstacles, environmental restrictions and local developments are hindering further spatial expansion. Therefore, there has been a growing need for the development of a rapid arresting material in order to safely arrest over-running aircraft, rather than expanding the RSA (due to geographic, environmental and economic reasons). Korea, as one of the most highly rated countries in ICAO's member nation safety evaluations, must continuously develop air safety systems in accordance with international standards.


Methylphenidate (MPD) is a psychostimulant with dopamine and noradrenaline reuptake inhibition characteristics, frequently prescribed for treatment of narcolepsy and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Synthesized in 1944, and subsequently marketed in 1954, it was initially used for treatment of hypotension, narcolepsy and sedative-induced coma. From the 1960ies, it has been prescribed for the treatment of ADHD, and this is most common indication of the drug, even not without controversy. Presently, it is among the fifty most prescribed medications in the USA, but less so in other countries. Similar to other stimulant psychotropic drugs, the abuse of MPD is common (Bjarnadottir et al. 2016), especially among students, long-distance drivers and in people with substance use disorder. Acutely, mixing psychostimulants and central nervous system depressants can lead to initial euphoria, which can give way to subsequent overdose due to continual upping of doses of CNS-depressants whose effects are not readily felt, but overshadowed by the intensive effects of stimulants. In the long run, users may self-medicate psychostimulant withdrawal symptoms with CNS-depressants and vice versa. Stimulant/ depressant co-dependence can influence withdrawal length or severity. The most investigated co-dependence of this type is cocaine/alcohol co-dependence. Cocaine co-dependence was not found to affect intensity of alcohol withdrawal symptoms (Kampman et al. 2002). Among cocaine/alcohol co-dependent subjects, cocaine use severity seems a better predictor of a successful detoxification than alcohol use severity (Kampman et al. 2004). In cocaine users on maintenance opioid therapy, a two component model was noticed: cocaine use was found to provoke opioid withdrawal-like symptoms in subjects on high maintenance opioid doses (e.g. 6 mg of buprenorphine or 120 mg of methadone) but had no effect on subjects receiving low-dose opioid maintenance therapy (Stine & Kosten 1994). Sedative-hypnotics were found to influence the abuse potential of other drugs through direct and indirect actions on hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis and the mesocorticolimbic system (Schelp et al. 2018). The impairing effects during everyday activities, like driving, were found more prominent in amphetamines/benzodiazepines co-dependent subjects that in those who


Sulfated Nostoc sphaeroides Kutzing polysaccharides with different degrees of substitution(DS) were used as reference standards for DS determination by a barium chloride-gelatin turbidimetric method.FTIR spectroscopy was used for instrumental determination of DS.The baseline absorbance was recorded.Different combinations of probe band,reference band and baseline were comparatively evaluated based on the average relative deviation of ratio of Aprobe/Areference to DS.H1261BL1/H1418BL1 was found to be optimal for DS calculation with a correlation coefficient of 0.993 in comparison with DS values determined by the traditional method.


"Klan Speaker Is Coming" proclaimed the headline of a brief article on the back page of the September 22,1922, Tipton Daily Tribune. Dr. Lester Brown, "a speaker of force . . . not radical in his views," would deliver a free lecture from the public square bandstand, and all residents were invited. "Much has been heard of this order by our people," the article noted, "but locally they have not come in contact with it." The next evening Brown, who described himself as an ordained minister from Atlanta, Georgia, addressed an assemblage of townspeople the Tribune called "not large, but attentive" and distributed cards for interested persons to sign, with about one hundred reportedly responding. He portrayed the Klan as an American Christian organization, consisting of "native born, white Gentile, Protestant" citizens, that stood for charity, the Constitution, pure womanhood, the Bible, public schools, and racial purity. In conjunction with Brown's address, copies of the Klan weekly, The Fiery Cross, were distributed throughout the town that weekend, containing articles that denied that the Klan was anti-Catholic, antiSemitic, or "anti-negro," yet raised fears about miscegenation, Catholic intrusion in American politics, and Jewish business practices.' Within a relatively short period of time, the Invisible Empire of the Knights of the Ku Klux Klan would attain a very visible presence in Tipton, a small town located some thirty miles north of Indianapolis. In 1925 the Tipton County Klan would claim 1,622 members among the county's 16,000 residents, making the Tipton Klan one of the strongest in Indiana, where the organization came to enjoy its greatest influence, claiming over 165,000 Hoosier members in 1925.' Although considerable attention has been given to the Klan movement of the 1920s, the circumstances and meaning of the rise of the Invisible Empire continue to be disputed. "Nearly seventy years


Human-Machine Reconfigurations: Plans and Situated Actions (HMR) is a second edition of Suchman's Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human-Machine Communication (P&SA), and this edition extends her analysis of human-machine interactions to account for recent developments in technology and theories surrounding our interactions with them. P&SA, published in 1987, had pronounced influences in human-computer interaction (HCI), artificial intelligence (AI), anthropology, and social studies of science and technology by introducing new methods for examining human-machine interaction. The original text makes up chapters 2-12 of this second edition; Suchman's updates are provided as footnotes throughout these chapters. In P&SA, Suchman argues that plans, a fundamental concept in AI and associated computer science research, are best understood not as determinates of action but as rhetorical devices for explaining action. She recommends the methods of ethnomethodology and conversation analysis for studying the relationships among humans and their machines. Her work in both editions is significant in its ability to use theories and methods from multiple disciplines to inform the problems of human-machine interaction research by using accessible real-world examples of problematic interaction and thorough theoretical explanations of those situations.


In an uplink massive multiple-input-multiple-output deployment with distributed single-antenna users and a large base-station array, we consider several combinations of receivers using linear combiners (maximum ratio combining (MRC) and zero forcing (ZF)) in conjunction with Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space Time (V-BLAST). We show that the performance loss of MRC relative to ZF can be removed in certain situations through the use of V-BLAST. Furthermore, we develop a low complexity ordering scheme which results in a V-BLAST scheme with MRC which has much less complexity than a single ZF linear combiner. An analysis of the signal-to-interference-and-noise-ratio at each stage of the V-BLAST approach is also given to support the findings of the proposed technique.


We present a theoretical study of the nonlocal anomalous Hall effect induced by heavy-metal impurities in dilute magnetic alloys based on noble metals. The results of our first-principles calculations are shown in comparison to those obtained within a model consideration via Matthiessen's rule. Based on the transport properties of the constituent binary alloys, we reveal optimal host-impurity combinations to enhance the phenomenon. In particular, this allows us to explain experimental findings showing a strong effect in Cu-based alloys but a vanishing effect in the case of the Au host.


Objective To improve the content and level of subject service in university libraries.Methods All the journals,databases subscribed by our library and free resources in the internet were collected and arranged,of which,biomedical journals were screened and a foreign-language-biomedical-journal service platform was constructed by using ASP.NET and SQL Server 2000 computer language.Results The main functions of the service platform included browsing,searching and linking.The users could obtain the resources on biomedicine in foreign languages and free network resources.Conclusion The platform covers all the possible biomedical magazines obtained and provides one-step service that from searching to obtaining.


BACKGROUND

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is a peroxidase-type enzyme containing heme as prosthetic group. It is a versatile enzyme that has been used for detection of H2O2. New supports for immobilization based on nanomaterials have demonstrated ideal characteristics for maintaining enzyme stability, offering many advantages over conventional immobilization supports. Titanate nanostructures show attractive properties for this application.

RESULTS

HRP (EC 220.127.116.11) was immobilized onto titanate nanowires (TNW) by both non-specific and covalent coupling through amine groups. TNW were synthesized by a hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 physisorption (77 K), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The coverage of TNW containing HRP adsorbed by covalent coupling was 1.56 mgHRP m−2 and residual enzymatic activity around 40%. Desorption tests were conducted under different conditions to evaluate the stability of the coupling, showing no significant loss of the enzyme.

CONCLUSIONS

Immobilization of the enzyme HRP was successfully achieved by covalent coupling to TNW. The enzyme is firmly attached to TNW surface, remaining active for more than 160 days. Altogether, these results indicate that TNW is an excellent matrix for immobilization of HRP and a very promising platform for constructing biosensors. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry


Problems due to stiff lubricants are frequent in machines operating in a cold climate. The understanding and description of how oils and greases behave under such conditions is very poor. A test rig has been built, which will be a help in acquiring this knowledge. In the test rig it is possible to measure friction torque and slip of the rollers for different lubricants in a roller bearing down to -70° C. Speed, load and temperature can be altered to achieve different conditions. Since torque, speed and temperature are measured with gauges connected to a computer, which uses a high sampling rate, the starting cycle can be registered. To register the slip of rollers a new method utilizing a video camera is used. The results from the test run show a sharp friction torque peak during the first second, and also that the friction torque increases with increasing load and decreasing temperature. It can be seen that different rollers slip differently when they are at the same position, although the roller diameters do not differ by more than 0.5 gm.


Objective:To investigate the use of antibiotics for child inpatients in our hospital and evaluate its rationality.Methods:A total of 630 pediatric medical records of inpatients in our hospital from January 2007 to September 2008 were randomly sampled and statistically analyzed.Results:Among the 630 pediatric medical records,antibiotics were used in 474 cases,the utilization rate of antibiotics was 75.2%,the rate of two combined medication was 51.1%(242/474).32 medical records(5%) were of irrational use of antimicrobial agents,such as unreasonable decision and inappropriate combination of drugs.Conclusions:The use of antibiotics for the child inpatients in our hospital is generally rational,but irrational use of antibiotics still exists and needs improving.


In recent years, there has been much attention devoted to the relationship between exports and economic growth. The evidence is, however, mixed and inconclusive. This might be attributed to the fact that most existing studies adopt a bivariate framework ignoring the role of capital stock and labor force. Therefore, this paper examines this issue for Cote d?Ivoire over the period 1965-2014. It applies the ARDL bounds test to cointegration and Granger causality tests. The results confirm the export-led growth hypothesis in the long run when total GDP is used. On the contrary, when non-export GDP is considered, exports cause economic growth both in the short and long run. These findings suggest that export promotion policies will contribute to economic growth in Cote d?Ivoire.


The economic integration of the China-ASEAN Free-trade Zone will roughly go through five stages.During the third stage,the period of "free circulation of key factors",the economic integration will go through a transition from the contract-oriented system to the organizational system.The development of the latter will result in an institutional demand for the establishment of a central coordinative institution for the free-trade zone,similar to the EU "Headquarters".If China can grasp this opportunity and takes the initiative in combining the economic integration of the five border provinces with the extension of the cross-border industry and the development of the urban area,it will bring its economy the fourth dimension similar to the Two Triangle Areas and the Pan-Bohai Economic Zone.