There are issues of large energy consumption and low efficiency in the operation of current absorbent refrigeration system.In order to improve the system,the heat exchanger network was optimized,together with the system supplying heat and cold water.Firstly,reasonable network was built through the analysis of pinch method.Secondly,variables such as the minimum temperature difference were calculated and selected.Finally,nonlinear objective function was built and a computer code was developed to get the optimized result.This method can be used in design of absorbent refrigeration system to utilize the energy effectively and increase the entire efficiency of the system.


Abstract : The program explores the possibility of growing high optical quality LaAlO3 by the Czochralski method. The techniques developed for ruby growth were found to be directly translatable to LaAlO3 with no apparent limitations imposed by the use of a crucible. Undoped and doped (Cr(3+), Eu(3+)) crystals of various orientations were grown. Two major defects were encountered: color centers and twinning. Color centers were eliminated by using high purity starting materials in combination with selected growth and post-growth treatment. Two mechanisms for forming color centers are proposed and their relation to LaAlO3 defect chemistry is discussed. The dominant twin planes have been identified to be those of the (100) system. Their relation to the crystal strucutre of LaAlO3 has been elucidated. Isolated attempts were made to grow BiAlO3 and PrAlO3 to determine if twinning might be a problem in these potential host compositions; other growth problems were encountered indicating that an answer could be obtained only by an extensive effort beyond the bounds of the present program.


We have analyzed the archival XMM-Newton data of the bright ultraluminous X-ray source M82 X-1 with a 105 ks exposure when the source was in the steady state. Thanks to the high photon statistics from the large effective area and long exposure, we were able to discriminate different X-ray continuum spectral models. Neither the standard accretion disk model [where the radial dependency of the disk effective temperature is T(r) ∝ r-3/4] nor a power-law model gives a satisfactory fit. In fact, observed curvature of the M82 X-1 spectrum was just between those of the two models. When the exponent of the radial dependence [p in T(r) ∝ r-p] of the disk temperature is allowed to be free, we obtained p = 0.61. Such a reduction of p from the standard value under extremely high mass accretion rates is predicted from the accretion disk theory as a consequence of the radial energy advection. Thus, the accretion disk in M82 X-1 is considered to be in the slim-disk state, where an optically thick advection-dominated accretion flow is taking place. We have applied a theoretical slim-disk spectral model to M82 X-1 and estimated the black hole mass ≈19-32 M☉. We propose that M82 X-1 is a relatively massive stellar black hole that has been produced through evolution of an extremely massive star, shining at a super-Eddington luminosity by several times the Eddington limit.


Interest in creating clinical protocols has surged in recent years, and experts say computer-based patient records represent the most practical way to put these guidelines to use. Economic forces, particularly the growth of managed care, will push clinicians to identify the most cost-effective ways to deliver care. Electronic records will serve as a useful source of information on which to base and refine guidelines.


The present period, called the scientific revolution, is characterized by the dominant factors of science and its prodigy child, technology. There is a mismatching of impedance as the power and, consequently, decision-making, are held by people ignorant in science and technology. The human quest for the truth follows three stages: mythological, ideological and scientific. Present power holders base their decisions upon ideology rather than science, with the resulting evils of terror of thermonuclear extinction, poverty, crime, unemployment and other miseries afflicting the human family. A modern economotechnic system should incorporate the amplifiers of production, namely, scientific graduate education and R&D. In this, the scientific graduate education is the derivative of R&D and R&D is the derivative of hard goods and services of production. Analysis of this system suggests that in order to achieve a high standard of living one must have a highly trained work force, a strong scientific graduate education and a strong R&D establishment. To achieve the foregoing the present scientifically blind controllers of the economotechnic system should be replaced by highly trained scientists and engineers.


In the cement grinding system, the quantity of raw material in the ball mill has an important effect on the cement production. Based on the quantity, the working conditions of the ball mill are divided into three states, the full state, the normal state, the empty state. Normally, it's hard to predict the working station of the ball mill and the precision is low. This paper, least square method and its improved algorithm is used as a new method to judge the working condition of ball mill. A parameter α is added to the finite impulse response model. Through the value of the ball mill working condition can be judged so the operator can change the parameters of the equipment in time and an on-line software is programmed by VC++. As a result, both the quality of the cement and the stability of the equipment are improved.


The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a one piece rotor (1) for a friction vacuum pump (21) which is formed at least in sections as a turbomolecular vacuum pump having rotor blades (5) and stator (9), said rotor (1) (a hub 2 ) which bears on its peripheral surface, the pumping structures; the rotor-side pump structures consist at least partially of in rows (4) arranged blades (5) which are formed by cutting operations from the surface of a blank; the machining operations include the production of radial peripheral grooves (3), engage in the mounted state of the pump stator blades (9); to simplify the machining of the rotor (1), it is proposed that a further machining operation is that the outer surface of the blank with one or more thread grooves (13) is provided.


SUMMARY The triple test cross analysis (Kearsey & Jinks, 1968; Jinks & Perkins, 1970) was used to detect and estimate the additive, dominance and epistatic components of genetic variation for four metric traits, namely, final plant height, number of spikelets per spike, 100-kernel weight and yield per plant, in the first backcross populations of four wheat crosses (Norteno 67 α Moti, Sonalika α Moti, Kalyan Sona α Sonalika and Kalyan Sona × NP 876). Epistasis was a more important component of variation for final plant height and yield per plant than for number of spikelets per spike and 100-kernel weight. On the other hand, the additive component was highly significant for all four characters in all eight backcrosses.


The Gajdusek letters and field notes cover approximately the initial year of 1957. Apart from an explanatory introduction spanning a longer period, the book contains no narrative as such, the letters appearing almost verbatim and in order of date. They show graphically the wide-ranging achievements of Gajdusek (and Zigas), from bringing kuru to worldwide attention to creating a functioning bush hospital in next to no time (apparently out of thin air), and the appalling difficulties encountered and overcome at every stage. One stands amazed at Gajdusek's unbounded energy and enthusiasm and his ability to stretch every day to 48 hours. Sadly, in the circumstances, some criticism seems unavoidable. The letters, understandably, are often long and repetitive, inevitably cluttered with a host of basically administrative problems and anguished requests for the most basic supplies—sometimes similarly written to two or three different people. Unfortunately, this makes heavy going for the reader and


The strategy of mass customization (MC) allows the industry to provide customized products at low cost, with relatively short-term delivery and high volume services. The aim of this work is to create a configuration tool of customization options through the use of the product configurator as a support of mass customization strategy. The product configurator is an interface that allows the vendor of the company set up machines combining the features according to customer's requirement. Allows to generate product structure and routings of an order, reducing engineering costs and decreasing design time. Thus we intend to shorten the review of an order in the engineering department and offer the customer a turnaround time of a fully customized machine in less time. This tool directs the production process for individual care to each client. The prototype configurator created in ERP Baan IV system is presented to the user in the form of a table with several questions and, depending on the answers, the structures are created, the routings are defined and the machine is set up, which reduces technical sheets and introduces greater flexibility in product production. It was concluded that the process of ordering a machine has become easier, streamlined, less time consuming, with fewer errors, saving about seven hours of work in reviewing an order to engineer the product and also increasing flexibility of the system production, reducing lead time customer response. Ferramenta de configuração das opções de customização do produto


The described collection of subroutines developed for calculation of values of multivariate normal, Dirichlet and gamma distribution functions and their gradient vectors is an unique tool that can be used e.g. to compute the Loss-of-Load Probability of electric networks and to solve optimization problems with a reliability constraint.


Abstract This article presents a description of a series of in-service training workshops for group leaders in a prison hospital setting. It describes a philosophy for training group leaders and presents the format and design of a four-day didactic/experiential training workshop. The authors briefly discuss some outcomes of these workshops, as well as the challenges of this type of work.


Data on the populations of the meat ant Iridomyrmex purpureus in the Canberra area, which were collected mainly over the period 1949 to 54, are analysed and discussed in relation to what is now known of the ecology of the species. The size of the oval mound nests of this ant is not always a good guide to the number of individuals in the colony, but the number of entrance holes seems to be proportional to the population of the nest. On a 65 ha study area the density of nests fell during the present study from 4.3 to 3.0 per ha, but the population of ants remained relatively stable as a result of two apparently regulatory processes. The numerical increase within each colony varied inversely with its initial size whereas the probability that the colony survived varied directly with the same parameter.


This paper considers the distributive effects of a very complex Pay-As-You-Go Scheme from a lifetime income approach, assessing the potential effect of different variables on the returns offered by the system. Using data on gender, residence and income level, a simulation was prepared to estimate the internal rates of return received by workers, considering not only sociodemographic and economic differences between social groups but the possibility of receiving benefits under alternative program rules. Our results indicate that workers retiring under the Old Age provisions (which grant retirement benefits to those who exceed a certain age, with very low contributions requirements) receive the best rates of return. Instead, most workers retiring under the Length of Service (which grants benefits after a number of years with contributions, regardless of age) receive rates of return much closer to market interest rates. The analysis indicates that women are in better position than men and the system appears to be progressive with respect to income distribution.


Based on analysis of current data at three distinct locations within the Sarasota/Tampa Bay system, we defined the residual circulation patterns and the relative influences by tides, wind and baroclinicity. Along with the data analysis, a three-dimensional curvilinear grid model was applied to the estuarine system to quantify the spatial variations in the residual circulation. Results from the model were compared with measured data to determine the accuracy of the model simulation. The model successfully simulated the general circulation characteristics at the two Sarasota Bay stations, although the magnitude of the currents was underestimated at one station. The model did not faithfully simulate the residual circulation in Tampa Bay. Both the data and the model results showed the predominant forcing mechanism for residual flow in Sarasota Bay to be non-linear tidal forcing associated with the complex lagoon geometry and bathymetry. The data at the entrance to Tampa Bay showed the classic baroclinic circulation with inflow near the bottom and outflow at the surface.


Based on investigation and analysis of colorful leaf tree species in 13 representative parks in Guangzhou,there have been 100 colorful leaf tree species(including subspecies,varieties and cultivars),accounting for 8.14% of the city's garden trees,mainly through Euphorbiaceae,Moraceae,Caesalpiniaceae and Combretaceae.There are 33 native species that reflect regional landscape features well.Trees and shrubs are more than vine species and often colorful leaf species.Later the methods and ways of developing new colorful leaf tree species in Guangzhou are also discussed.


Loess series overlying fluvial sediments and Miocene clays lying below both complexes were documented in a section of a fundation pit at the locality recovered during building activities. Based on micromorphological analysis, the palaeosoils (Fig. 1, section A, levels 1, 3-5) of the loess series (Fig. 1, section A, levels 2 and 6) belong to Eem and Holstein interglacials. The Holocene soil and the Wurmian sediments are missing. Palaeolithic stone artifacts found at the locality are connected with Holstein palaeosoils. F luvial deposits (Fig. 1, section A, levels 10-13) probably appertain to the morphostratigraphic level of the Tuřany river terrace in allochtonous position and they were moved to this position by block slide.


Activating a flip-flop circuit by a current fast-rising slope impulse, the circuit occupies one of the two stable states, the stable state 'one' or 'zero'. In case of a perfect flip-flop symmetry over a large number of cycles, a noise causes the ratio of 'ones' and ' zeros' is equal to one – 50% position of a flip-flop. However, any imbalance in the system changes the probability of taking a 'one' or a 'zero', and thus the ratio of 'ones' and 'zeros'. In this paper, the formula for equivalent voltage of the flip-flop circuit is derived. This voltage is incorporated into the flip-flop as a voltage source to restore 50% position. The formula is derived for the first time. The results are useful for capacitance measurement and in capacitive sensor applications.


Late advance in growth immunology and the advancement of malignancy immunotherapy has been genuinely surprising. A standout amongst the most sensational leaps forward has been the clinical advancement of invulnerable checkpoint inhibitors [1]. Serial clinical trials have demonstrated their possibility and adequacy in patients with already serious propelled malignancies. Numerous progressing studies are effectively researching the potential for synergistic impacts by consolidating insusceptible checkpoint inhibitors with different operators, including other checkpoint inhibitors, cytotoxic specialists, monoclonal antibodies, little particle inhibitors, against disease immunizations, cytokines, or radiotherapy. The accomplishment of these immunomodulators has highlighted the discriminating significance of against tumor invulnerable exercises for curing cancers [2-6].


【Objective】To investigate the effect of cordycepin on MDA-MB-231 cells and the expression of TMSG-1 mRNA(tumorm etastasis suppressor gene-1),and to explore the molecular biological mechanism of metastasis of cancer cells.【Methods】Human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231were cultured in vitro and were interfered with cordycepin.Inhibitory effect of the proliferation of the cancer cells was detected by MTT assay.The expression of TMSG-1mRNA in MDA-MB-231 cells were detected by semi-quantitative.RT-PCR.The expression of TMSG-1 protein were detected by immunohistochemical.【Results】Cordycepin could up-regulate the expression of TMSG-1 mRNA and protein in breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 cells,and at the same time inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells.【Conclusions】Cordycepin can inhibite the proliferation of human breast carcinoma cells and up-regulate expression of TMSG-1 mRNA and protein,and to play its role in suppressing metastasis of cancer cells.The research may provide laboratory evidence for the clinical development and application of the domestic new anti-tumor drugs.


The flexural performance of 8 types of prestressed concrete beams with plastic bellows under different grouting compactness is examined in this paper. By applying concentrated load and symmetrical load to 8 types of prestressed concrete test beams with plastic bellows, the flexural performance test of each test beam is carried out, and the mechanical characteristics and failure morphology of each test beam under different grouting compactness are discussed. The influence of duct grouting compactness on the strain of steel bars and concrete, mid-span deflection and stiffness of prestressed concrete beam are analyzed. The results show that the cracking load and ultimate load of the test beam increases constantly with the increase of the duct grouting compactness, and the flexural bearing capacity of prestressed concrete beams has also been significantly improved. After the concrete is cracked, the mid-span deflection of the prestressed concrete beam gradually decreases with the increase of the duct grouting compactness under the same load form and load grade. At the same load grade, the mid-span deflection change of prestressed concrete beams under concentrated load is much larger than that under symmetric load. The ductility coefficient of prestressed concrete beams with plastic bellows decreases as the grouting compactness increases. In engineering practice, the quality of duct grouting compactness about the prestressed concrete beam should be strictly controlled and improved.


Inquiring learning is one of study ways which the new curriculum of elementary education advocated,is been paid atteation to by the general mathematics educator.This text explains the origin of inquiring learning of mathematics,researches the intension of inquiring learning,has analyzed the current situation of study of present mathematics,and points out that we should stand on higher angle to understand the exploring spirit of mathematics.


A battery box sealing method, the first ring fixture to a peripheral edge of the opening of the body, to limit the opening shape of the fixed body, and then inserted into the second fixture by the opening to the interior of the can body space, using a metal can body sheet metal tensile properties, the shape of the edge of the shaped opening of the can body, and the side surface of the can body to be flat; and then the final opening of the can lid is placed for thermal fusion sealing . The case can be automatically adjusted using a jig recovery tank body should be restored to the deformed shape, sealing the battery case throughout the manufacturing process can be automated production, reduce labor costs province.


The conservation of the Magnoliaceae family is considered a priority worldwide, especially in Colombia, where all of its 36 species are seriously endangered while frustratingly little is known about their ecology. We therefore, assessed some ecological aspects of two lowland forest species: laurel arenillo (Magnolia katiorum) and molinillo (M. sambuensis). The first is an endemic species of the Urabá region in northwestern Colombia, and the second is distributed from Panama to Colombia along the Chocó Biogeographical region. Both species have a very low tree density and are found in forest stands that are disturbed by the timber exploitation of valuable woody species. The trees of both species had an average height of 26 m and shared similar environmental conditions such as soil (25°C) and air (28°C) temperatures, soil moisture (113%), and slope (25%). A redundancy analysis showed that each Magnolia species grows in a different community. Laurel arenillo was not a clear dominant species in a more diverse forest community, and was positively associated to altitude, longitudinal slope, and soil humidity. In contrast, molinillo was positively associated to air temperature and transversal slope and was negatively associated with longitudinal slope. This species was the most dominant in its community, which was less diverse than that of laurel arenillo. The last species should be considered a priority for conservation while the conservation status of molinillo should be further reviewed. Both species displayed large, fragrant, eye-catching flowers throughout most of the year.


Exits are of paramount importance for shareholders who have invested capital in the earlier stages of the company and want to make a good return on their investment to compensate for the risk that has been undertaken. They also serve to recycle capital into the market, where it may eventually be deployed again by individual investors and larger investment vehicles to promote further growth in the industry. The availability of a variety of exit options in the EU is crucial to ensure that innovation continues to prosper, and capital continues to circulate. Coordinated processes that can overcome regional differences are important to ensure that the EU remains a competitive bloc in the global life sciences industry by virtue of fostering the development of SMEs.


Introduction Ceramic-on-ceramic couplings are an attractive alternative bearing surface to eliminate or reduce problems related to polyethylene wear debris. Past disappointing experiences with alumina-ceramic bearings have led to many improvements in the manufacture and the design of ceramic implants. The purpose of this study was to report the results of contemporary alumina-on-alumina total hip arthroplasties (THAs) with regard to wear, osteolysis, and fracture of the ceramic in patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Methods Between February 1998 and October 2003, 365 patients (432 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head underwent cementless total hip arthroplasty using contemporary alumina bearings. There were 243 men and 122 women who had a mean age at the time of index operation of 43 years (range, 18 to 65 years). They were evaluated clinically and radiographically at 5 to 10 years (average, 7 years). During the follow-up, special regards were addressed to wear, periprosthetic osteolysis and ceramic failure. Results The mean Harris hip score was 94 points at the latest follow-up evaluation. All of the prostheses had radiographic evidence of a bone ingrowth. No implant was loosened radiographically and no implant was revised. Ceramic wear was not detectable in 83 hips where differentiation of the femoral head from the cup was possible on radiographs. Periprosthetic osteolysis was observed in no hips. Fracture of the alumina femoral head occurred in 5 hips, and fracture of the alumina liner occurred in 5 hips using sandwich-type ceramic liners. Conclusion The results of contemporary alumina-on-alumina THAs with a metal-backed socket and a cementless stem were encouraging in young, active patients. We believe that these improved alumina-on-alumina bearing implants offer a promising option for younger active patients.


This paper presents the analysis of a statistically complete sample of 28 serendipitous X-ray sources selected in 82 pointed XMM-Newton fields down to a count-rate of 0.002 counts s(-1) (4.5-7.5 keV energy band). This is the first sample selected in this energy range to have complete spectroscopic identifications and redshift determinations for all the objects. Apart from one Galactic source (an interacting binary), all the objects are AGNs. Their optical and X-ray properties (derived from the spectral analysis of the XMM-EPIC data) are compared together. The good correlation between the optical spectral type and the X-ray absorption properties supports the AGN unified model. Only one object that does not fit the relation between optical and X-ray absorption is found, namely a Seyfert 1.9 with no evidence of obscuration in the X-ray band (N-H 10(22) cm(-2)), corresponding to a surface density of 0.7 deg(-2) at the flux limit the sample (4-7 x 10(-14) erg s(-1) cm(-2) in the 4.5-7.5 keV energy band). Among these obscured objects, two sources show a large (intrinsic) luminosity (L[2-10 keV] > 10(44) erg s(-1)) and are thus classified as type 2 QSO. Finally, we have compared the fraction of X-ray absorbed AGNs (26%) with that predicted by the current XRB synthesis models at the flux limit of the survey. We find that the models significantly (similar to90% confidence level) over predict the fraction of absorbed AGNs thus confirming also in this hard energy band (4.5-7.5 keV) similar results recently obtained in the 2-10 keV band.


In a recent article [D. Suter, Phys. Rev. {\bf A 51}, 45 (1995)] Suter has claimed to present an optical implementation of the quantum time-translation machine which ``shows all the features that the general concept predicts and also allows, besides the quantum mechanical, a classical description.'' It is argued that the experiment proposed and performed by Suter does not have the features of the quantum time-translation machine and that the latter has no classical analog.


Maize is the third most important crop in India after rice and wheat (Al-Swailem et al., 2005; Yadav et al., 2014). It is under cultivation across the globe, including tropical, subtropical and temperate regions, from sea level to 3000 m above sea level. The Composition per 100 g of edible portion of maize (dry) is Protein 11.1g, Fat 3.6 g, Fibre 2.7 g, Calories 342, Amino acids 1.78 mg, Carbohydrates 66.2 g, Calcium 10 mg, Iron International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 1 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www. Ijcmas.com


A review of Anne Lambright and Elisabeth Guerrero's (eds.) Unfolding the City. Women Write the City in Latin America (Minneapolis: University ofMinnesota Press, 2007).


1,3Post Graduate Scholar, Department of Civil Engineering, G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur 2Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur 4Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, G.H. Raisoni College of Engineering, Nagpur ----------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract – Driving behavior usually describes the driver's intent behind the movement from their current spot on the way to their target spot and this expressively distresses the overall traffic performance of the system. These effects are more noticeable with more lane facilities wherein each driver has a choice to sustain their existing lane or change to the target lane to avoid delays. In this review paper, the trajectory of the vehicle and its various applications are been considered as it is very useful in understanding various microscopic behavior in different scenarios. The paper focuses on various ways of extracting the trajectory of the vehicle Various models were developed to understand the driver following and car-following behavior patterns and also to understand the delay at the signalized intersection as well as the loss of fuel or fuel consumption at the red signal.


Many important biological macromolecules, such as DNA, RNA, polypeptides, and polysaccharides, as well as large number of artificial macromolecules, such as poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA), are highly charged polyelectrolytes. Commercial applications of polyelectrolytes range from colloidal stabilization, flocculation and flow modification to superabsorbent gels (diapers being a prominent example). Electrostatic interactions, mediated by mobile ions and water, play crucial role in these systems, influencing a molecule's structure, physical properties and function. These macromolecules often self-organize by electrostatic forces into large-scale superstructures. This is exemplified by DNA compaction into chromatin fiber in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells. Viral self-assembly, including proteins, DNA or RNA provides another salient example. The reason polyelectrolytes are so prevalent in life and their properties are so difficult to understand is related to long-range electrostatic interactions between charged groups on the chains as well as their interactions with mobile counterions and salt. Given the importance and ubiquity of polyelectrolytes both in artificial and biological systems, a growing number of theoretical and experimental investigations have been addressing various aspects of polymer physics and biophysics in these systems. Among the major open problems is the question of how the ionic atmosphere around the polyelectrolyte couples to its internal modes. This, in turn, may explain how electrostatic effects contribute to determining the persistence length of polyelectrolytes. In the pioneering work of Odijk, Skolnick and Fixman (OSF), a Debye–H€ uckel based approach to modeling electrostatic interactions was used to define an electrostatic persistence length of semiflexible


According to the reconfiguration and multi2effector characteristics of mobile robot, an open control system based on reliable PC104 and innovative driving & control netorks for DC motors is developed. B roadcasting or spot2to2spot communication for data and commands, as well as the on2line conversion of the motor motion mode, can be realized easily via RS232 /485 netorks. A hierarchical parallel competitive control architecture based on event is p ractical for obstacle a2 voidance and navigation of mobile robots in unknown evironments. Experiments show that this control system is open and re2 liable. It is also adap tive to multi2 m ission2orientated navigation.


A 3-dimensional mathematical model and numerical algorithm for the incompressible gas-liquid two-phase flows with moving interface are presented based on the Level Set method combined with ICE(Implicit Continuous Fluid Eulerian) numerical scheme.The presented approach is then applied to four typical motion processes of bubble and droplet,including bubble formation from an orifice in air-water bubble column,the interaction of air bubble pairs rising freely in water,droplet interaction with water surface and an isothermal normal collision between droplet and particle.The simulated results show that the presented model and algorithm are able to capture the topology change of the interface such as coalescence and breakup of bubble and droplet correctly and conveniently,the Level Set method is a promising and efficient numerical technique for moving interface problems of gas-liquid two-phase flows.


The purpose of this study was to identify a cost-effective technology for salt removal from washwater wastestreams at the Ontario Ministry of Transportation Patrol Yards. This document presents a detailed review of technologies for the removal of total dissolved solids from salty washwater. Technologies that are available to treat salty washwater wastestreams include evaporation, membrane processes and freezing. Atmospheric evaporation and electrodialysis were found to be the most appropriate technology for developing a liquid concentrate using the volumes and concentrations of washwater wastestreams generated by patrol yards using regional treatment facilities.


In the present paper, we establish a reduction theorem for linear Schrodinger equation with finite smooth and time-quasi-periodic potential subject to Dirichlet boundary condition by means of KAM technique. Moreover, it is proved that the corresponding Schrodinger operator possesses the property of pure point spectra and zero Lyapunov exponent.


The electrical and electronics industries have significantly reduced the amount of mercury from various products and processes. However, the unique electromechanical and photoelectronic properties of mercury and mercury compounds have made replacement of mercury difficult in some applications. This paper identfies many of the source reduction and recycling alternatives for mercury in electrical and electronic applications and reviews the usage trends for mercury in the U.S. Data suggests that U.S. companies have clearly decreased the amount of mercury over the past 10 years ; the most significant change has occurred in batteries with a 99% decline in mercury use. For products where the photoelectronic properties of mercury are important (e.g., electric lighting), a recycling infrastructure is developing. One potential problematic area may be the use of mercury in semiconductors where mercury may be difficult to recycle and may generate a large quantity of waste relative to mercury use.


This article explores some of the methodological challenges in working with young service users as co-researchers. The issues and concerns are highlighted using the national evaluation of the NSPCC's Young People's Centres as the vehicle for the discussion. In particular the article highlights the ethical issues and practical difficulties of this approach, demonstrating how these might be addressed. This article is offered as a contribution to the debate as to how best to involve young service users in research.


This paper introduces a system to train a specific neural network device. The system allows the use of standard learning algorithms (e.g. backpropagation, Madaline III, etc.) and generates the weights for a 128 analog neural network device called ETANN (Electrically Trainable Analog Neural Network). An ultra fast weight setting algorithm stores the internal coefficients into a real analog (not computer simulated) neural network. The trainer and programmer (NETMAP) system is able to cycle through steps of learning, weight setting and parallel processing runs, performing the so called "chip-in-the-loop" procedure. The NETMAP system integrates hardware and software to interface and take full advantage of ETANN parallel processing capabilities. Due to weight setting is a complex and computationally intensive process, a solution, based on an off-line mapping between weights and pulses of charge, is proposed to speed up the loading time.<<ETX>>


Present study was conducted within the herbal garden of International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) in Godawari of Kathmandu valley to explore the insect communities in medicinal plants. Five medicinal plants, viz. Rauvolfia serpentina (= Sarpagandha), Urtica dioca (= Sissnu), Zanthoxylum armatum (= Timur), Valeriana jatamansii (= Sungandhawal) and Mentha spicata (= Pudina) were selected for the study. Insects were randomly sampled during four seasons from September 2017 to June 2018 using different collecting techniques, like hand picking, pit-fall traps, net-sweeping and stem beating. A total of 869 insects individuals belonging to 42 different genera were collected and identified. It was found that the abundance of insects was high during spring season (299 insects comprising 35 % of collected species), followed by summer (255 insects comprising 29 % of collected species) and winter (219 insects comprising 25 % of collected species) seasons, and low during autumn season (96 insects comprising 11 % of collected species). It was further found that the abundance of insect species was temperature-dependent, but was independent of relative humidity. The maximum indicator species were present on M. spicata. Taxonomic distinctness (delta+) of insects was high on V. jatamansii, but low on U. dioca.


The severity of attack of black sigatoka in crops of plantains is related with the precipitation, relative humidity and temperature of the air. The objectiv...


Oligoynes and polyynes are 1-D chains of conjugated sp -hybridized carbon atoms consisting of alternating single and triple bonds. Their stability rapidly decreases with increasing chain length beyond only a few repeating units. Design strategies, such as the use of bulky end-capping groups, allow for their characterization and isolation while not contributing significantly to their physical properties. In this study, we incorporate redox-active BF 2 formazanate dyes ( BF 2 ) as end-caps to prepare symmetric ( BF 2 -[C≡C] n -BF 2 ) and asymmetric ( BF 2 -[C≡C] n -Si( i Pr) 3 ) families of oligoynes containing up to 10 alkyne units. In doing so, we introduce stable oligoynes that possess a blend of optical and redox properties that cannot be achieved by either oligoynes or BF 2 formazanates individually ( e.g. , panchromatic absorption, multiple and tunable reversible redox waves). This approach is transferable to other functional end-caps to facilitate the preparation of π-conjugated materials with utility in the organic electronics arena.


OBJECTIVE
To compare morbidity and stone clearance by ureteroscopy carried out under spinal anaesthesia with that carried out under general anaesthesia.

STUDY DESIGN
Quasi-experimental study.

PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY
The study was conducted at the Kidney Centre, Postgraduate Training Institute, Karachi, from September 2005 to December 2006.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total number of 60 patients were enrolled for the study. All patients underwent ureteroscopic procedure for a calculus disease, using a semi-rigid ureteroscope of 10 Fr. These patients were divided in 2 groups of 30 patients, receiving general or spinal anaesthesia. Operative time, stone clearance, hospital stay, intra- and postoperative complications and visual analogue score for pain were noted in each case.

RESULTS
There were 30 patients each in both groups, with 73% males and 27% females in group A (general anaesthesia) and 93% males and 7% females in group B (spinal anaesthesia). Mean age of the patients were 33.9 and 36.9 years in groups A and B respectively. The average stone size was 0.79 cm in group A and 1.14 cm in group B (p=0.001). Duration of surgery was 41.4+/-1.29 minutes in group A and 30.5+/-2.13 minutes in group B (p=0.033). Mean hospital stay was 21.6 and 18.1 hours in group A and B respectively (p=0.073). Mean visual analogue score for pain in group A was 3.1 and group B was 1.8.

CONCLUSION
Ureteroscopy under spinal anaesthesia resulted in decreased length of operative time and shortened hospital stay in this series and did not carry any additional risk of major complications.


"Healthy Paws Doggie Day Camp" is an event that will help owners and dogs incorporate physical activity into their daily lives. General knowledge of exercise concerning dogs is considerably lacking, obviously observed as they become more obese over time (Fennell, 2005). Between 40-50 percent of our dogs are overweight (Fennell, 2005). It is not only humans who have trouble controlling their body weight, while metabolism begins to slow down with age, canines are also affected. (Borzendowski, …


A kind of foamer is introduced in the article,which made of the cement and fly ash as the main raw materials,and some additives of activator,coagulant and rubber powder.The process for production of block is also researched.On the basis of the optimal raw material formula determined in preparatory experiments,samples are made and tested;their performance reaches the requirement of the standard of GB 11969-2006 aerated-autoclaved concrete block.


Summary A colorimetric method based on the reaction of tryptophane with carbohydrates is described for the determination of serum non-glucosamine polysaccharide. The absorption maximum for the carbohy-drate-tryptophane compound is at 500 mμ for galactose and for mannose, 460 mμ for glucose, and 520 m//, for fructose. Glucuronic acid, glucosamine, and hemoglobin have maxima at wave lengths below 400 mμ. Glucuronic acid also exhibits a weak band at 480-500 mμ. The absorption curves for alcohol precipitates from serum, ascitic fluid, and hydrocele fluid differ from postulated galactose-mannose-glucosamine curves by showing greater absorption in the 400-480 mμ, range. This difference diminishes when the polysaccharide is partly freed from protein. Hemolysis, if marked, introduces a positive error in the method. The color produced by the carbohydrate tryptophane reaction obeys the Lambert-Beers law within the limits investigated.


Five kinds of bacteria were isolated from disease Meretrix meretrix and culture water (two iso-lated from the M. meretrix, three from the culture water) in Lvsi harbor, Jiangsu province. The results of in-fection showed that strain WG1702 can cause disease with the mortality rate 100 percent and the same symptoms as original. It was cued that strain WG1702 was the pathogenic bacteria and caused the death in large scare, a preliminary research was done on the bacteria including morphological, physiological, bio-chemical characteristics, phylogenetic position and pathogenic. Strain WG1702 was a straight-rod gram negative bacterium, the physiological and biochemical indicators were lysine decarboxylase, ornithine de-carboxylase, reduction of NO3? to NO2?, mannitose, oxidase and methylred reaction positive, arginine de-carboxylase, arginine dihydrolase, salicin and voges-proskauer negative. In order to identify the bacteria phylogenetic position and a 16S rRNA molecular identification was done, PCR amplification got a size of about 1.5 kb gene fragment, The whole 16S rRNA sequences were determined, analyzed the homology of sequences and built the phylogenetic tree. Sequences analysis revealed that strain WG1702 exhibited the highest level of 97.4% similarity to Vibrio harveyi(DQ146937), combining morphological, physiological and biochemical identification results, the isolated strain WG1702 was identified as Vibrio harveyi.


Two endoglucanases EGI,EGII and exoglucanase CBHI were purified from Trichoderma reesei Rut C30 and the degrade mechanism on cellulose of EGI、EGII and CBHI were investigated.Then,the proliferation of Bifidobacterium adolescentis using cellooligosaccharides was studied.The optimal preparation catalyzed by EG was 1 U/g cellulose for 90 min hydrolysis and the ratios of cellobiose,cellotriose and cellotetraose were 43.8%,34.8% and 7.9%,respectively.With cellobiose and cellooligosaccharide as carbon source,the proliferation multiple of B.odolescentis was 2.14 and 2.84,respectively.


A shift in the equilibrium distribution between reactants and products in the vapor phase chemical reaction 6Li+7Li=6Li 7Li is caused by the optical orientation of atomic Li spin angular momenta and is shown to be controlled by the degree of atomic orientation. The observations were carried out in a heat‐pipe cell operated at 631 K and containing a He buffer gas density of 3.1×1018 cm−3. The shift is similar to that measured for the ortho molecular components in the 2 6Li=6Li2 and 2 7Li=7Li2 gas phase equilibrium reactions.


The application of function electrical stimulation (FES) has recently been extended to patients with cerebral palsy. To ensure a functional gain from the electrically elicited movement, a reproducible response with sufficient magnitude is desired. In this study, the effects of varying pulse parameters on the motor response were investigated. FES-induced ankle dorsiflexion of seven adults with spastic diplegia under constant current stimulation but with varied pulsewidths and frequencies was measured. The stimulation pattern that produced a desired motor response was determined for each individual subject. Despite the diversity of the conditions caused by cerebral palsy, a common trend was observed from the identified patterns. The characterization results suggested that the FES-induced ankle dorsiflexion in adults with spastic diplegia could be controlled by employing a constant current with frequency at 20 or 30 Hz using pulsewidth modulation ranged from 100 to 400 /spl mu/s.


The Carrier envelope offset phase or the so called "absolute phase" governs the Spatio- temporal evaluation of the electric field of a short laser pulse and this field in turn governs the interaction of matter with such pulses. The precise measurement and stabilization of this quantity is of great importance for attosecond physics and virtually every other application that benefits from ultra short laser pulses. The aim of this project is to build a Spectrometer, which we call the Stereo ATI phase-meter, for measuring the absolute phase of short laser pulses. It involves the stereo measurement of photo electrons of xenon gas ejected after ATI (Above Threshold Ionization). This approach to phase measurement is based on the belief that the spatial symmetry of photo-electron emission from a gaseous medium should be governed by the symmetry.


The current paper is devoted to the evaluation of pharmaceutical equivalency of five different brands of amlodipine 5mg tablets registered and marketed in Nigeria, by five pharmaceutical companies. The pharmaceutical equivalency of five different brands of amlodipine 5mg tablets were assessed through the evaluation of uniformity of weight, friability test, hardness test, disintegration test, and dissolution test, as well as content of active ingredient. All the brands evaluated were considered pharmaceutically equivalent, since all the brands under consideration complied with the British Pharmacopoeia 1998 specifications, for uniformity of weight, friability, hardness, disintegration, dissolution and content of active ingredient. All the brands evaluated achieved 85% release of the active ingredient within 30 min, in all the dissolution media with PH 1.2, 4.5 and 6.8 and the dissolution profiles of all the brands were similar at various PH values used. All the brands of amlodipine 5mg registered in Nigeria by NAFDAC and evaluated in this study are deemed pharmaceutical equivalent and all the brands can be inter-changeably prescribe and dispense with confident.


This field research study uses the responses from 2008 mail survey, conducted for private sector enterprises in India, to examine the managerial opinion about stock dividend (bonus shares) and the motives for issuing them. The sample consists of 544 firms that issued stock dividend during the ten years period starting from 1st January 1998 to 31st December 2007. The evidence based on the survey data from 125 responding firms suggest that the main motive for issuing stock dividend is to increase the total returns for the shareholders followed by improving liquidity. Even though the Indian corporate managers unanimously opine that stock dividends attract the attention of the investors, the main motive for issuing them is to eventually benefit the shareholders in terms of increased returns and liquidity. The results also reveal that around three-fourth of the mangers prefer their shares to be traded below Rs.400.


The basal and isoproterenol stimulated levels of cyclic AMP in NIH3T3 and H-ras transformed NIH3T3 cells were equivalent. In exponentially growing cells, the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-acetate (TPA) inhibited the beta-adrenergic response of NIH3T3 cells, but not of the ras-transformed line. Another line of NIH3T3 cells transformed by a non-ras gene exhibited the normal loss of beta-adrenergic response by the tumor promoter. These results are consistent with a role for p21 in signal transduction related to the effects of TPA.


This paper examines the ways in which time is perceived and tracked.Results:(1) The money psychology account's research criterion is suitable for the time distribution decision-making research;(2) Across three studies,we ·nd evidence that people create mental accounts for time.


The synthesis and characterization of the room temperature and solution stable silylpalladium cations [(PCy3)2PdSiR3+(C6F5)4B- (SiR3 = SiMe2Et, SiEt2H)] and [(Xantphos)PdSiR3+(BArf4) (SiR3 = SiMe2Et, SiEt2H; Xantphos = 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene; BArf4 = (3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)4B-)] are reported. Spectroscopic and ligand addition experiments suggest that silylpalladium complexes of the type (PCy3)2PdSiR3+ are 3-coordinate and T-shaped. Ad-dition of dialkyl ethers to both the PCy3 and Xantphos-based silylpalladium cations resulted in the cleavage of C(sp3)-O bonds and the generation of cationic Pd-alkyl complexes. Mechanistically enabling is the ability of silylpalladium cations to behave as both sources of electrophilic silylium ions and nucleophilic LnPd(0).


In this paper we have studied the Chebyshev and interpolation errors for functions in C(E) , the normed algebra of analytic functions ona compact set E of positive transfinite diameter. The (p, q)-order and generalized (p, q )-type have been characterized in terms of ,these approximation errors . Finally, we have obtained a saturation theorem for f E C(E) which can be extended to an entire function of (p, q) -order 0 or 1 and for entire functions of minimal generalized (p, q )-type . Introduction Let E be a compact set in complex plane and 1' (n) = {U, . . . , ~nn} be a system of (n + 1) points of the set E such that n H Inj 'nk 1 and q (j)Wn)}-fi Ir i Ink l , °Ç jÇkÇn k= q j = o,l , . . ., n . Again, let n(n) -{7ni, 7]n2, . . . , ?inri } be the system of (n + 1) points in E such that Tln ; v (r] (n) ) sup V(1 ( rz) ) and q° (n(n) ) á(j) (n(n) ) for j = 1, 2, . . . , n . 1 (n) C E *This work was supported by the Swedish Institute, Stockholm . 256 H. S. KASANA, D . FUMA R Such a system always exists and is called the nth extrema] system of E. The polynomials


In recent years, model-based diagnostics reasoning systems have provided a major advance in fault isolation and reduction of repair time contributing to the reduction of maintenance cost of automotive and avionics systems. In this paper we highlight the main characteristics of RODON, a commercial modelbased diagnostics reasoner, used in the DX Diagnostic Competition. We present the main ideas behind RODON, and the strategies that have been employed for the ADAPT tier 1, ADAPT tier 2 and the Synthetic Track of the Diagnostic Competition.


On 15 October 1965, a fire in a plutonium fabrication plant resulted in a largescale spread of plutonium oxide. The Rocky Flats body counter was used to measure the plutonium in the lungs of all employees working in the area. Of approximately 400 employees counted, 25 were found to have enough plutonium in their lungs to deliver a dose of 15 rem/yr or greater. Data from each employee were obtained with two scintillation detectors in contact with the subject's chest. The 60-keV photon peak of z41Am was used in the measurements. The 2 4 1 h content of the plutonium released in the fire was determined and the plutonium quantity was then determined from calibrations done on a chest phantom with similar z4lAm:239pu ratios. The plutonium consisted of "high-fired" PuO,. Particle size measurements of air samples collected after the fire indicated a 0.32-p mass median diameter (MMD) with a geometric deviation (og) of 1.83. Lung data so far show very slow clearance. This confirms the high degree of insolubility and the small particle size. On the average, 30 per cent of material initially deposited was cleared in 2-3 months. The remaining material is clearing very slowly with little or no measurable absorption into the bloodstream. INTRODUCTION SINCE June, 1964, plutonium inhalation cases have been under study in the Rocky Flats body counter.('B2) I t is known that estimates of lung burdens of plutonium can be made using the body counter if the amount of 2r1Am present in the exposure material is known. O n 15 October 1965, during a maintenance operation in which an attempt was made to unplug an oil coolant line on a lathe, plutonium metal chips caught fire. The fire occurred outside of a glovebox in a 70,000-ft2 plutonium production area. About 400 employees were working in the room. Even though the fire was extinguished in a few minutes, airborne contamination spread quickly throughout the area. Air sampler filters indicated a n activity range of greater than 1 ,uCi/m3 down to 10-6 ,uCi/m" a t the most remote locations. Because the contamination spread so rapidly, * C.S . Atomic Energy Commission Contract NO. AT(29-1)-1106. many employees were in high airborne contamination areas without respiratory protection. Those showing high levels of contamination about the nose and mouth were scheduled for body counting first, followed by those with lower contamination levels. As soon as a man was decontaminated externally, he went to the body counter. Within 2 hr after the fire the first person was counted. Fourteen people were counted on the first day and evening of the fire. Seven of these showed significant amounts of plutonium in the chest. Eighteen additional exposures were found in the following weeks. DTPA treatments were given by the medical department to eight of the first positive cases. T h e treatments did not enhance plutonium excretion in the urine, so they were stopped. Subsequent positive cases did not receive DTPA treatments. INITIAL SCREENING PROCEDURE The Rocky Flats body counter has been described elsewhere.(3) Two 4-in.-dia. by


The USAID-funded WASHplus project aims to improve the supply and quality of water and sanitation facilities and hygiene practices, and reduce household air pollution. This involves facilitating better access to hardware and services while focusing on approaches to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related practices. The overarching WASHplus behavior change approach is built around the notion that people rarely go from current practice to ideal practice at once, for example, from a sedentary lifestyle to five aerobic exercise sessions a week, or from open defecation to consistent use of a flush toilet connected to a septic system. Many factors influence the performance or nonperformance of a behavior. Therefore, WASHplus's behavior change approach identifies and addresses the key factors most influential in improving particular WASH practices of communities, families, and individuals.


In his book on Karl Barth Professor T. F. Torrance spoke at one point of 'the great watershed of modern theology'. 'There are,' he wrote,1 'two basic issues here. On the one hand, it is the very substance of the Christian faith that is at stake, and on the other hand, it is the fundamental nature of scientific method, in its critical and methodological renunciation of prior understanding, that is at stake. This is the great watershed of modern theology: either we take the one way or the other – there is no third alter native… one must go either in the direction taken by Barth or in the direction taken by Bultmann.'


The sensitivity of excitation and blocking thresholds of nerve fibres within a sacral root to geometric and electric and geometrical parameters In stimulating using a cuff elctrode, have been simulated by a computer model. The model predicts that an asymmetrical trlpolar cuff can genarate unidirectional action potentials whilst blocking the large fibres bidirectionally. This shows that selective stimulation of the bladder wall may be possible without activating the urethral closure mechanism.


Over the years, the education sector has applied policies to build up and develop a contigent of core managers and teachers, including those in secondary schools. In fact, they have contributed greatly to training activities for school managers and teachers to serve the implementation of the General Education Program 2018. This article focuses on the development of secondary school core teachers in Thanh Hoa Province. Based on the theoretical framework of the Professional Standards for General Education Teachers, we conduct statistics and analysis of documents on the teaching staff in Thanh Hoa Province. The results show that the core teachers in secondary schools in Thanh Hoa Province acquire good qualifications and qualities, but their competences are not comprehensive. On the basis of analyzing the causes of the situation, we propose six solutions to develop the secondary school core teachers in Thanh Hoa Province.


The objectives of this paper are twofold. In the first place we discuss some issues related to the formal description of computer systems and how these issues were handled in a specific project, the selection of a standard computer architecture for the Army/Navy Computer Family Architecture (CFA) project. The second purpose is to present a methodology for automatically gathering architectural data which can be used for evaluation and comparison purposes. We will not discuss the rationale behind the selection of specific test programs and the statisical experiment set up to ascertain the influence of the programmers, the test programs, and the machine architecture on the results. These issues and the actual results of the experiment belong in a companion paper.
 Formal descriptions of three candidate architectures (IBM S/370, Interdata 8/32 and DEC PDP-11) were written in ISP, a computer description language. The ISP descriptions of the three architectures were used to simulate the execution of assembly language test programs. The measurements collected during the program simulations were stored into a data base for post-processing. Automating the data collection process not only eliminated tedious and potentially error prone hand calculations, but also provided the means to gather information about dynamic program behavior, information that would be almost impossible to calculate manually.


In order to calculate the carbon emissions in the construction process to
 achieve low-carbon buildings and low-carbon construction, the author puts
 forward the calculation and evaluation of building thermal energy
 consumption and carbon emissions based on building information modeling
 (BIM) technology. The author first proposed the important value and
 application of BIM technology in energy consumption evaluation of green
 buildings, taking a gymnasium as an example, a carbon emission accounting
 system for building construction and installation process is established
 based on BIM technology, and the carbon emissions in building construction
 and installation process are calculated and analyzed. The results show that
 the carbon emission during the construction and installation of a gymnasium
 is 766300 tons, of which the carbon emission caused by building materials is
 737200 tons, the carbon emission caused by mechanical equipment is 4500
 tons, and that caused by office and living is 34500 tons, accounting for
 94.90%, 0.59%, and 4.51%, respectively. In conclusion through data analysis,
 determine the largest carbon emission source in the construction process,
 and then propose targeted carbon emission reduction measures in the
 construction process of the construction industry.


The aim of this study was to assess the quality of the interface between dental root cement and some restorative materials used in the open sandwich technique. Standardised cavities were prepared on the buccal and oral surfaces of 30 human molars with the gingival margin situated in root cement. The teeth were randomly divided in 3 groups. Different materials combinations were used in buccal and oral cavities. In the control group, the cavities were filled only with composite resins (Filtek Z250-3M ESPE and Zmack Comp-Zermack). In the test groups the cavities were restored using an open sandwich technique as follows: in group 1 Filtek Z250 in combination with Dyract, respectively Ketac Molar Easymix; in group 2 Zmack Comp in combination with Dyract, respectively Ketac Molar. The teeth were stored in 1% methylene blue solution, for 24 hours. The samples were longitudinally sectioned through the centre of restorations and the degree of dye penetration as well as the morphology of the interface between the root cement and the restorative material were evaluated by optical microscopy and SEM. The results showed less microleakage and and adhesive failures in open sandwich restorations with Zmack Comp and Dyract combination.


Acknowledgements vii Contributors ix 1 Introduction 1 Mogens Brondsted Nielsen 2 Organic Building Blocks for Molecular Engineering 4 Kasper Lincke and Mogens Brondsted Nielsen 3 Design and Synthesis of Organic Molecules for Molecular Electronics 46 Karsten Jennum and Mogens Brondsted Nielsen 4 Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene 76 Helena Grennberg 5 H-Bond Based Nanostructuration of Supramolecular Organic Materials 128 Tomas Marangoni and Davide Bonifazi 6 Molecular Systems for Solar Thermal Energy Storage and Conversion 179 Kasper Moth-Poulsen 7 Strategies to Switch Fluorescence with Photochromic Oxazines 197 Erhan Deniz, Janet Cusido, Massimiliano Tomasulo, Mutlu Battal, Ibrahim Yildiz, Marco Petriella, Mariano L. Bossi, Salvatore Sortino, and Francisco M. Raymo 8 Supramolecular Redox Transduction: Macrocyclic Receptors for Organic Guests 213 Sebastien Goeb, David Canevet, and Marc Salle 9 Detection of Nitroaromatic Explosives Using TTF-Calix[4]pyrroles 257 Karina R. Larsen, Kent A. Nielsen, Jonathan L. Sessler, and Jan O. Jeppesen 10 Recognition of Carbohydrates 284 Martina Cacciarini 11 Cyclodextrin Based Artificial Enzymes: Synthesis and Function 305 Christian Marcus Pedersen and Mikael Bols 12 Organozymes: Molecular Engineering and Combinatorial Selection of Peptidic Organo and Transition Metal Catalysts 333 Morten Meldal 13 Dendrimers in Biology and Nanomedicine 361 Jorn Bolstad Christensen 14 Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry 393 Brian Rasmussen, Anne Sorensen, Sophie R. Beeren, and Michael Pittelkow Index 437


Objective
To explore the clinical characteristics of valproic acid-induced hyperammone-mic encephalopathy (VHE) in children.

Methods
The digital administration system of medical record in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University was searched. The clinical data of children who with VHE, age <16 years and hospitalized from July 2006 to July 2015 were collected and analyzed retrospectively. The main indicators of analysis included children′ clinical manifestations, treatments, blood concentration of valproate (VPA) and level of blood ammonia before and after treatment, results of electrocardiogram (ECG), video electroencephalogram (EEG), cranial computed tomography and clinical outcome.

Results
A total of 12 children were enrolled in the analysis comprising 7 boys and 5 girls with age from 10 to 15 years. The number of children with primary diseases of epilepsy, bipolar affective disorder, glioma and viral encephalitis were 5, 4, 2 and 1, respectively. The doses of VPA was 22-28 mg/kg for all cases. Seven cases were treated with VPA first time. Four cases were treated with VPA only. Eight cases received combined medications with other anti-epileptic drugs. There were 4 and 2 cases who were misdiagnosed as cerebral hemorrhage and brain edema, respectively. The 12 patients developed disorder of consciousness, drowsiness, and 7 cases developed to coma. Six cases had digestive symptoms which including nausea and vomiting before the appearance of nervous system symptoms.In addition, the number of cases with asterixis, irritability and agitation, ataxia, and frequent seizures were 4, 3, 2, and 1, respectively. The results of laboratory tests showed the children′ blood ammonia level were increased to 85-219 μmol/L, the average level was (143±47)μmol/L. Seven cases′ VPA blood concentration was 102-125 mg/L, which was the upper limit reference. The results of 12 patients′ vedio-EEG were diffused inactive echoes which mainly δ and θ wave. After the appearance of symptom of VHE, seven cases were stopped VPA, five cases halved the dosage of VPA. All the patients received symptomatic treatments (reducing blood ammonia and intracranial decompression). On day 1 to 5 of treatments, all the patients′ symptoms were relieved, the blood ammonia levels were descended to 22-66 μmol/L. On day 7 of treatment, their VPA blood concentration were 30-63 mg/L, the rhythms of vedio-EEG recovered to α wave.

Conclusions
Child′s VHE is easy to be misdiagnosed. The main clinical characteristics of child with VEH include mental confusion, drowsiness, coma, ataxia, asterixis, and frequent seizures. Some children appear digestive symptoms before the appearance of nervous symptoms. The serum ammonia level in children with VHE may not increase remarkably. The patient′s outcome is better after drug withdrawal, half the dose, and symptomatic treatments.

Key words:
Valproic acid; Child; Hyperammonemic encephalopathy


In this study we investigate how the removal of malicious accounts that follow legitimate accounts owned by popular people impacts the popularity of tweets posted by celebrities and politicians. Using retweet counts, we analyze to what extent malicious accounts contribute to amplification of tweets across the network. We organize tweets into three broad categories (Rocket Ship, Jet or Blimp) and investigate how the distribution of tweets is influenced by a cleanup of malicious accounts. To understand how the suspension of malicious accounts impacts the propagation of messages on Twitter, we conduct a descriptive statistical analysis of retweets of a total of 464 Donald Trump tweets. We find a statistically significant difference in the mean count of retweets and favorites before and after the malicious account removal. Preliminary results of our analysis show that the implications of Twitter's cleanup initiatives, which targeted malicious accounts, are visible in the narrowing amplitudes of retweet values. However, the distribution of tweet categories based on the number of retweets remains unchanged.


The inversion of magnetic data is a difficult task when remanent magnetization is present. The available softwares do not take into account the remanence component in order to simplify the involved mathematics and reduce the time consuming processing. Here, we examine and compare two different approaches to invert a magnetic complex anomaly set with induced and remanent magnetization, using transformations of the total magnetic field. The first method uses the analytic signal of the vertical integral of the TMI data. The second method uses the amplitude of the magnetic anomaly field. Both methods simulates the anomaly responses as they were just induced under a vertical magnetic field. The University of British Columbia's Geophysical Inversion Facility (UBC-GIF, mag3d and grav3d programs) were used to invert the data. The susceptibility models resultant from both methods were compared with gravity inversion over the same anomaly. The outcome models show a certain difference in the result parameters, however, the overall result can be used for a preliminary estimation of the anomaly and instigate the further pass of research.


This article analyzes Cristina Trivulzio Belgiojoso's literary turning-point by considering "Souvenirs dans l'exil" (1850) as the transitional book representing a fundamental shift in the author's writing process. Actually, this book, which is culled from a collection of letters that the writer sent while in exile to her French friend, Caroline Jaubert, reveals a hybrid writing characterized by a contamination of genres within the formal frame of private letters. In light of this internal architecture, "Souvenirs dans l'exil" can be read as the laboratory-book that manifestly shows to the reader her work-in-progress towards narrative writing. As a result of the analysis of the structure of the book, it becomes evident that, for the writer, the act of narrating itself is subjected to the colloquy with an absent reader who, before being identified with an impersonal readership, should be recognized in the addressees of her private letters. In essence, it is through her epistolary writing that the author becomes accustomed to narrating to someone who, finally, becomes the public readership.  This passage from the private dimension of the letter to the public one of the narrative book, which begins with the Oriental exile, is simultaneous to the Eastern re-location of the writer and her narration of the Orient, which plays a relevant part in the literary writing of Cristina Trivulzio. Even though the financial constraints of the exile and the forced distance from political activism likely facilitated the process of the literary writing tout court, it is her encounter with the 'monde nouveau' of the Orient, here analyzed through her first impressions in "Souvenirs dans l'exil", that is most influential. Finally, the newness of this Oriental world, which the writer investigates autonomously and partially beyond the Orientalist canon, brings her to adopt a new expressive register, together with a fresh awareness of her own identity as author.


This study investigated the heat transfer on the shroud surface at different Strouhal number. The naphthalene sublimation method was performed to analyze heat transfer on the shroud surface. The experiment was performed in five-bladed linear cascade with moving cylindrical rods simulating unsteady wake effects. The Reynolds number is fixed at 100,000 which is based on blade cord length and inlet velocity. The Strouhal number varies which simulate real gas turbine operating situation. The results showed that heat transfer on the shroud surface changes due to the effect of unsteady wakes. In the steady case, the heat transfer on the shroud surface varies locally. The tip leakage flow changes the heat transfer on the shroud surface locally. In the unsteady wake effect cases, the heat transfer on the shroud surface becomes more uniform than steady case. However, the induced unsteady wake effect increases the turbulent intensity of the main flow. The average heat transfer distribution on the shroud surface increases by increasing the Strouhal number. As a result, the turbine cooling designer should consider the effect of unsteady wake for shroud cooling in real gas turbine operating situation.


The utility model provides an advanced multi-path receiving mixer at the terminals of TD-SCDMA and mixer the third and the fourth-generation mobile communications (4G), which is responsible for receiving the (I/Q) symbol flow (comprising the communication information) output by the multi-path receiver, and mixing the (I/Q) symbol flow effectively into a one-way (I/Q) symbol flow to further complete the baseband demodulation. The multi-path receiving mixer is an important part of the baseband receiver, the master timer of which provides system synchronous timing signals. The multi-path receiving mixer uses an annular FIFO cache as the data memory RAM for the storage of the new symbols received from various receiving paths and the storage of the merging results of the symbols received from individual path to gain multipath reception. The multi-path receiving mixer is indicated according to the new I/Q symbol of the master timer to count each new symbol received to gain the positions of the I/Q symbols to be output by the multi-path receiving mixer in the data memory RAM. The current symbols displayed by the main timer is written into the address of the data memory RAM of the multi-path receiving mixer, and current output address of the I/Q symbols. The offset between the two is a fixed value, which is not only the greatest path delay of the multi-path receiving mixer, but also the demodulator time delay introduced by the multi-path receiving mixer. The address of the data written into the memory RAM from the receiving path is the subscript of the symbols received from various paths, the subscript indicated by the current master timer, the accessing pointer of data memory RAM of the multipath receiving mixer, and the greatest path delay of the multi-path receiving mixer.


As one of the patterns of quality-oriented education,the applications of the idea of harmonious education in primary and secondary education have been proved to be very successful recently,but the theoretical research and practice of the idea in terms of higher education are obviously insufficient.This paper discusses,from the perspective of provision of the harmonious education quality,the necessity of the implementation of the harmonious education in higher education,and the applied access to achieving the objective of the all-round development of university students.


The use of traditional evaluation methods B31G and API RP-579 in the pipeline easement residual strength evaluation can ensure pipeline safe operation,but the method appears to be some conservative.Now research institutions in china and abroad under these methods framed a new pipeline burst pressure of the forecasting model.The traditional B31G,which is used in the original formula,the safety factor without amendment,is not an accurate prediction of pressure pipeline burst,Therefore,in evaluating the reliability and residual strength evaluation of the use of B31G,which do not achieve good results.In this article,these models predict the blasting limit and the limit of the commonly used model to evaluate the comparative formula.Comparison shows that the limit of the twin Shear model is more accurate one blasting pressure limits prediction model,and it is suitable for the evaluation of structural reliability.


Sir, To address the potential for extraneous contextual information to bias forensic examinations (1,2), forensic disciplines must consider ways to effectively manage this information. At the heart of developing contextual information management (CIM), procedures is the identification of types of information that are task-relevant and task-irrelevant. Effective CIM will enable forensic examiners to have access to the task-relevant information, while at the same time shielding them from the task-irrelevant information. How a CIM approach might transpire will largely depend on the method of forensic analysis. Many of the CIM approaches that commentators recommend are designed with pattern comparison disciplines (e.g., latent print examination, shoeprint comparison, and DNA analysis) in mind. For example, in (linear) sequential unmasking (3,4), the expert must examine the latent (crime scene) sample before being exposed to the known (e.g., suspect/elimination) sample. In this way, knowledge of the features in the known sample cannot influence (or bias) the observation and interpretation of the latent sample. This approach, however, is less useful when we consider bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA), a discipline that requires the recognition rather than comparison of patterns. We assert here that the difficulty in making recommendations for CIM in BPA goes beyond the type of analysis that is required (i.e., pattern recognition), and is instead inherent in the BPA classification method itself. Bloodstain pattern classification involves two overlapping components: one component is the analyst's assessment of the observable characteristics of the pattern; and the other component is the analyst's opinion about the event(s) that gave rise to those observable characteristics. The contention is that these two components are not well separated and are generally conducted and reported simultaneously. The resulting classification becomes not so much a classification of the pattern, but a classification of the underlying mechanistic event. A method such as this, that blurs the boundary between observation and interpretation, only serves to increase vulnerability to contextual bias. While most bloodstain pattern analysts would contend that they do make observations about the size, shape, and distribution of bloodstains as the first step in their analysis, the current method for pattern classification does not provide analysts with a platform to clearly report observation-only based findings. These concerns were raised by Bernstein in 2005 (5), but have not yet translated into any significant evolution of BPA methodology. A well-defined process that distinctly separates the currently overlapping components into a Two-Step Method for BPA would serve two purposes. First, it would bring more objectivity and transparency to an otherwise subjective decision-making process. Second, it would allow for a clear and effective way to recognize and manage task-relevant and task-irrelevant contextual information at each step. We propose that Step One is limited exclusively to the characterization of the pattern (i.e., observing and measuring its features). Here, contextual information would have a limited role to play, and efforts to remove all task-irrelevant contextual information should occur. We propose that Step One be completed and fully documented before Step Two begins. Step Two is where analysts can form opinions about the nature of the event(s) that gave rise to the pattern. Here, the examiner needs to develop hypotheses about the possible event (s). To ensure that these hypotheses are relevant, it will be valuable, perhaps even essential, to incorporate relevant contextual information (e.g., victim's injuries, contradictory witness statements) into the assessment. The inclusion of this information, and how it has (or has not) extended an analyst's opinion, however, must be transparent and clearly documented. The basis for any opinions proffered in Step Two should be primarily based on the context-limited pattern characterization completed in Step One. To connect these two steps, more work is required to better understand and quantify the relationship between pattern characteristics and their causal event(s). Furthermore, to introduce this Two-Step Method for BPA, we need to consider how a change to current terminology could best serve characteristic-based observations (Step One), as well as the mechanistic-based opinions (Step Two) (6). We invite other bloodstain pattern analysts, and the wider forensic community, to comment on and contribute to the development of such a method of bloodstain pattern analysis.


A simple, reproducible method employing the rat is described which is suitable for the evaluation of compounds as to their adrcnocorticotropic hormone suppressing action. The endpointis the adrenal corticosterone content which reflects the concentration of circulating ACTH. Withexcessive closes of cortisone acetate a 93% decrease in adrenal corticosterone was found. Therelative potency of a compound could be determined with a standard error of±18% by using 20 rats for the standard and 20 rats for the unknown.


Phenomenologically, anxiety must be seen as the psycho-physiological feeling tone associated with fear of the occurrence of an event, fear of something about to happen, rather than fear that something has happened. This can easily be verified through introspection or interviews with patients. You are likely to hear from them, "I'ln afraid something will happen," or "I'm scared I'ln going crazy," or "they're going to catch me," and so on. You will notice that when the past tense is used by a person with regard to a situation, the accompanying affect is not anxiety, unless there has been a premeditated effort to help the person to "relive" the situation, or there is worry that the unwanted event might reoccur. For example, a paranoid schizophrenic I have treated could describe the "past events" of his being poisoned by doctors (at this time he no longer believed this was happening) with remarkable calm, matter-offactness, but, when he would attempt to talk about the effect this poisoning would have when he would look for a job, he would become markedly upset. He was anxious lest his present limitations caused by the "poisoning" would prevent him froln ever again functioning as a normal human being.


Attitudes to the development of a second high speed railway line in the UK are explored. A high speed line is considered a viable alternative to building more motorways or flights to meet inter city demand. The proposed Y-shaped line would run from London Euston to Birmingham, dividing to pass either side of the Pennines to reach Leeds and Manchester. There would be connections with existing lines to reach destinations further north. This would provide a three-fold increase in inter-city capacity and transform connectivity between cities outside London. The proposed Crossrail interchange at Old Oak Common provides a link to Heathrow via the Heathrow Express. The new line would provide no net addition to carbon emissions and the land take would be half that of a motorway. It has been suggested that the purpose built line should be extended further north to Scotland via East and West Coast lines and into London Heathrow airport. Identifying secure financing for the project is considered important.


Let be a Banach space. We introduce a concept of orthogonal symmetry and reflection in . We then establish its relation with the concept of best approximation and investigate its implication on the shape of the unit ball of the Banach space by considering sections over subspaces. The results are then applied to the space of continuous functions on a compact set . We obtain some nontrivial symmetries of the unit ball of . We also show that, under natural symmetry conditions, every odd function is orthogonal to every even function in . We conclude with some suggestions for further investigations.


The article is devoted to one of the problems of personality development of today's teenagers pertaining to their self-attitude and psychological defence. It presents the results of a comparative analysis of self-attitude development specifics and manifestation of defence mechanisms in teenagers from full and single-parent families as well as special traits of interconnection of self-attitude main components and some types of psychological defence that are typical for them. Better well-being and greater disposition to approve of themselves has been revealed among those raised in full families as against a tendency to self-disparagement, besides the more intensive use of psychological defence, of their peers from single-parent families. It has been established that family structure defined by the principle "full" - "single-parent" is an important factor of self-attitude development and manifestation of psychological defence in teenagers.


In the last decades, systems have strongly increased their complexity remarking the importance of defining methods and tools that improve the design, verification and validation of the system process: effectiveness and costs reduction without loss of confidence in the final product are the objectives that have to be pursued. Within the System Engineering context, the modern Model and Simulation based approach is a promising strategy because it reduces the wasted resources with respect to the traditional methods. Considering a wild range of simulations architectures and methods, crucial stages are defined by algorithm in the loop (AIL), software in the loop (SIL), hardware in the loop (HIL). This paper presents an in-house tool, developed at Politecnico di Torino, able to perform different simulation sessions in any phase of the space product life-cycle using a unique and self-contained platform, called StarSim: modularity, flexibility, real time operation, fidelity with real world, ease of data management, effectiveness and congruence of the outputs with respect to the inputs are StarSim sought-after features. The main issue is to guarantee the possibility to verify the behavior of the system under test thanks to virtual models, that substitute all those elements not yet available and all the non-reproducible dynamics and environmental conditions. Progressively, pieces of the on board software and hardware can be introduced without stopping the process of design and verification, avoiding delays and loss of resources. StarSim has been applied for the first time on the e-st@r-II Cubesat, developed the "CubeSat Team Polito" within the ESA Education Office initiative called "Fly Your Satellite". StarSim has been mainly used for the payload development, an Active Attitude Determination and Control System, but StarSim's capabilities have also been updated to evaluate functionalities, operations and performances of the entire satellite. AIL, SIL, HIL simulations have been constantly performed, successfully verifying a great number of functional and operational requirements. In particular, attitude determination algorithms, control laws, modes of operation have been selected and verified; software has been developed step by step and the bugs-free executable files have been loaded on the micro- controller. Actuators, logic and electrical circuits have been designed, built and tested and sensors calibrated. Problems such as real time and synchronization have been solved, allowing, at the end of the process, a complete hardware in the loop simulation test for the entire satellite. The case study has allowed the successfully validation of the first release of StarSim.


Purpose The study attempted to investigate the clinic curative effect of the fumigation and washing treatment with traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture treatment on patients who suffered chondromalacia of patella. Method Using the fumigation and washing treatment with traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture treatment for two weeks. Result All of the 97 patients received the fumigation and washing treatment with traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture treatment. The result showed that 63 patients were cured, occupying 64.9%, 28 patients got improvement, occupying 28.9%, while 6 patients showed no good, occupying 6.2%. The total percentage of efficacy was 93.8%. Conclusion Based on the data, the study drew the conclusion that the fumigation and washing treatment with tranditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture treatment showed satisfactory clinic curative effect on chondromalacia of patella.


Several new imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine, pyrazolo[5,1‐a]imidazole, quinazolinone, 1,4‐benzothiazine, and pyrazole derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of 2‐bromobenz‐2‐furylglyoxal‐2‐arylhydrazones with different reagents. The structures of the new heterocycles were based on elemental analysis and spectral data.


The research aimed to assess and identify factors affecting alcohol drinking behaviours among motorcycle riders in Chiang Rai province, Thailand. Multi-stage sampling was used to recruit 320 motorcycle riders aged 20-59 years who have ever drunk alcohol. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic such as frequency, percentage and multiple regression was used to predict factors affecting alcohol drinking behaviours. The research finding revealed that nearly one-third (32.8%) of the participants were hazardous drinkers, 15.6% were alcohol dependent and 11.9% were harmful drinkers. The Four factors significantly associated with alcohol drinking behaviors were drinking alcohol with meal, alcohol craving, refusal to drink behavior and social supports for reducing alcohol drinking (p<0.05).


This fascinating compilation of reference entries documents the unique relationship between mass media, propaganda, and the U.S. military, a relationship that began in the period before the American Revolution and continues to this day-sometimes cooperative, sometimes combative, and always complex. * Introductory essays describe the types of media most important to each conflict period, how they were used, by whom, and to what effect * A general essay outlines how media has been used to spread messages about conflicts throughout U.S. history * Photographs and illustrations add an important visual element


Abstract Benchmarking high performance computing systems is crucial to optimize memory consumption and maximize the performance of scientific application codes. We propose a configurable microbenchmark that explores the variations in memory bandwidth for a range of working set sizes, access patterns, and thread configurations. This framework is validated with the comparison of results from STREAM benchmark for repeated execution of the DAXPY triad kernel for both static and dynamic memory allocation. The access patterns emulate the common patterns found in simulation and modeling applications. Using application-specific access patterns we are able to refine the general roofline model for the target application.


Abstract : A procedure for the design of a controller to optimize a certain class of pulse-width-modulated systems is presented. The process to be controlled is time-invariant, of arbitrary order, and excited by a sequence of pulses generated from information available at arbitrary sampling instants. Input information to the system is quite general and includes random and determinist phenomena. Identification of the plant is accomplished using state variable notation and linear estimation techniques. Prediction of the future plant behavior is also performed with these techniques and the controller is designed to optimize the predicted plant performance by minimizing a measure of the future system errors. The mechanized optimal control law or controller program, develops the pulse to be applied at any sampling instant by specifying the pulse width and associated sign. The general results are applied to several examples through digital computer simulation. The optimal pulse width controller is shown to produce far better performance than normal pulse width control which utilizes present errors to develop the actuating signal to be applied at that same instant and for some time in the future. The results of considering a family of step function inputs to the system are shown for a third and fourth order plant.


The invention relates to a device for online detection of photovoltaic glass strength. A carrier roller is arranged on a carrier roller bracket, photovoltaic glass moves on the carrier roller, the carrier roller bracket is provided with a photoelectric sensor, the photoelectric sensor is arranged below the photovoltaic glass, corresponds to the longitudinal axis of the photovoltaic glass, and is connected with a first timer arranged inside an electric control cabinet, the electric control cabinet is further provided with a second timer and is fixed on a support, the support is provided with an electromagnet and a supporting rod, the electromagnet corresponds to an armature fixed on one end of a connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is fixedly provided with a hammer body, the connecting rod is articulated with the supporting rod, and the first timer and a second timer are both connected with the electromagnet. In the invention, a lever principle is utilized for realizing the online detection of the photovoltaic glass strength, a photoelectron sensor and electromagnetic induction principle is used for realizing automatic control of online detection of the photovoltaic glass strength so as to realize the automatic online detection of the photovoltaic glass strength, and repetitive manual work and batch spot-check destructive tests are replaced so that the cost is reduced.


This paper presents the architecture of a wearable sensor network and a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) processing framework for stochastic identification of body postures and physical contexts. The key idea is to collect multi-modal sensor data from strategically placed wireless sensors over a human subject's body segments, and to process that using HMM in order to identify the subject's instantaneous physical context. The key contribution of the proposed multi-modal approach is a significant extension of traditional uni-modal accelerometry in which only the individual body segment movements, without their relative proximities and orientation modalities, is used for physical context identification. Through real-life experiments with body mounted sensors it is demonstrated that while the unimodal accelerometry can be used for differentiating activityintensive postures such as walking and running, they are not effective for identification and differentiation between lowactivity postures such as sitting, standing, lying down, etc. In the proposed system, three sensor modalities namely acceleration, relative proximity and orientation are used for context identification through Hidden Markov Model (HMM) based stochastic processing. Controlled experiments using human subjects are carried out for evaluating the accuracy of the HMMidentified postures compared to a naive threshold based mechanism over different human subjects.


We used attosecond streaking to probe the temporal structure of isolated attosecond EUV pulses generated in a bulk solid (here, SiO2 nanofilms) using a single-cycle optical driver. The fine details of the dynamic response of the system encoded in the chirp of the emerging attosecond pulse enabled the establishment of a firm link between the emission of EUV radiation and the intraband electric currents induced by the field-driven, coherent, nonlinear scattering of charge carriers in the bulk of SiO2. EUV emission from SiO2 has been shown to be phase coherent (field reproducible) and immune to minor phase fluctuation of the driving laser pulses.


Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) is a technique to establish the interrelationships between elements of interest in a specific domain through experts' knowledge of the context of the elements. This technique has been applied in numerous domains and the list continues to grow due to its simplistic concept, while sustainability has taken the lead. The partially automated or manual application of this technique has been prone to errors as witnessed in the literature due to a series of mathematical steps of higher-order computing complexity. Therefore, this work proposes to develop an end-to-end graphical software, SmartISM, to implement ISM technique and MICMAC (Matrice d'Impacts Croisés Multiplication Appliquée á un Classement (cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification)), generally applied along with ISM to classify variables. Further, a scoping review has been conducted to study the applications of ISM in the previous studies using Denyer and Tranfield's (2009) framework and newly developed SmartISM. For the development of SmartISM, Microsoft Excel software has been used, and relevant algorithms and VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) functions have been illustrated. For the transitivity calculation the Warshall algorithm has been used and a new algorithm reduced conical matrix has been introduced to remove edges while retaining the reachability of variables and structure of digraph in the final model. The scoping review results demonstrate 21 different domains such as sustainability, supply chain and logistics, information technology, energy, human resource, marketing, and operations among others; numerous types of constructs such as enablers, barriers, critical success factors, strategies, practices, among others, and their numbers varied from 5 to 32; number of decision makers ranged between 2 to 120 with a median value of 11, and belong to academia, industry, and/or government; and usage of multiple techniques of discourse and survey for decision making and data collection. Furthermore, the SmartISM reproduced results show that only 29 out of 77 studies selected have a correct application of ISM after discounting the generalized transitivity incorporation. The outcome of this work will help in more informed applications of this technique in newer domains and utilization of SmartISM to efficiently model the interrelationships among variables.


One goal of atrial fibrillation treatment is to prevent complication of
thromboemboli using warfarin anticoagulant. Warfarin can reduce stroke risk, but it increases bleeding risk than control therapy. To obtain desirable therapeutic effects and minimize bleeding risk, strict control of patients INR needs to do. The goal of research was to give illustration of therapeutic length to reach INR target and side effects of drug in initial dosage use of 3 and 5 mg warfarin on AF patient.
Experimental research using data collection technique was conducted
prospectively in 20 patients to compare therapeutic length to reach INR target and side effects of drug in AF patients after giving 3 and 5 mg warfarin, from July 2011 to November 2011.
Results of laboratory examination, therapeutic length (day) to reach INR
target of 5 mg warfarin dosage groups were 3rd day (1 patient), 4th day (5
patients), 5th day (4 patients), respectively and 3 mg warfarin dosage groups were 4th day (1 patient), 5th day (4 patients), 6th Therapeutic length to reach INR target of 5 mg warfarin dosage groups was 4,30 ± 0,21 day, than 3 mg warfarin 5,40 ± 0,22 day (p < 0.05). Side effects of bleeding such as blackish feces occurred in 1 (of 10 patients) of 5 mg warfarin dosage groups


This paper presents an extension to the Conservative PC algorithm which is able to detect violations of adjacency faithfulness under causal sufficiency and triangle faithfulness. Violations can be characterized by pseudo-independent relations and equivalent edges, both generating a pattern of conditional independencies that cannot be modeled faithfully. Both cases lead to uncertainty about specific parts of the skeleton of the causal graph. This is modeled by an f-pattern. We proved that our Very Conservative PC algorithm is able to correctly learn the f-pattern. We argue that the solution also applies for the finite sample case if we accept that only strong edges can be identified. Experiments based on simulations show that the rate of false edge removals is significantly reduced, at the expense of uncertainty on the skeleton and a higher sensitivity for accidental correlations.


Although PageRank has been designed to estimate the popularity of Web pages, it is a general algorithm that can be applied to the analysis of other graphs other than one of hypertext documents. In this paper, we explore its application to sentiment analysis and opinion mining: i.e. the ranking of items based on user textual reviews. We first propose various techniques using collocation and pivot words to extract a weighted graph of terms from user reviews and to account for positive and negative opinions. We refer to this graph as the sentiment graph. Using PageRank and a very small set of adjectives (such as 'good', 'excellent', etc.) we rank the different items. We illustrate and evaluate our approach using reviews of box office movies by users of a popular movie review site. The results show that our approach is very effective and that the ranking it computes is comparable to the ranking obtained from the box office figures. The results also show that our approach is able to compute context-dependent ratings.