These experiments indicate that absorbance changes observed at the 4'25 nm isosbestic point of Hb and HbCO following laser photolysis of HbCO provide a direct measure of the rates of quaternary conformational changes between rapidly reacting Hb* (the immediate product of full photolysis) and slowly reacting normal deoxyhemoglobin. Hb*, first observed by Gibson (Gibson, Q. H. (1959) Biochem. J. 71, 293-303), has been interpreted as deoxyhemoglobin remaining in the liganded quaternary conformation following rapid removal of ligand by a light pulse. In borate buffers between pH 8.4 and 9.6 particularly simple pH-independent results were obtained which allowed the use of a Monod, Wyman, and Changeux model (Monod, J., Wyman, J., and Changeux, J. (1965) J. Mol. Biol. 12,88-118) to fit the data. In this case Hb* is taken to be R state deoxyhemoglobin. Partial photolysis experiments at 425 nm show that the rate of the R + T conformational change at 20" decreases by about a factor of 2 for each additional bound ligand. The rate of the ligand-free conformational change is found to be 920 l 60 s', 6400 * 600 s', and 15,700 + 700 s ' respectively at 3", 20", and 30". The previously uninterpreted effects of flash length and partial photolysis on the CO recombination kinetics can be explained in terms of the present model. Kinetic results obtained below pH 8 are found to be inconsistent with a two-state model. It appears that binding of inositol hexaphosphate produces a new rapidly reacting quaternary conformation of HbCO.


The social sex comes in the comparison of physiologic sex.It is an important conception in analyze of feminism.In the view of social sex,factors working on the gender equality have many aspects,such as theory,economy,politics,culture and so on.Realizing gender equality has a very important sense to advocate advanced culture and construct harmonious society.


Welcome to this special feature issue of the Journal. During 1999, two important Conferences for rehabilitation practitioners took place in Australia and New Zealand. The occurrence of both these conferences in the one year provided an opportunity for practitioners and academics alike to discuss emerging issues in the field and compare and contrast a range of rehabilitation solutions. Many rehabilitation counsellor practitioners took the opportunity to attend one or both of these conferences, but equally many were unable to do so. All of the papers presented were informative and value adding to the profession and a significant number were undoubtedly controversial. The articles published in this issue cover a selection of theoretical and professional models that were raised at these conferences. None of the papers are in their original formats and all authors were requested by the Editor to revise their original submissions in order to address the priority concerns of this Journal's readership. Seven articles, with their original messages deriving from one of the two conferences, are included in this issue. There are an additional two articles (Walker and Miller et al.) which are not sourced from the Conferences but provide additional support to the theme of this edition. In the last issue, an augmentation of Don Mackenzie's keynote address to the New Zealand Rehabilitation Association Biennial Conference was published (pp. 47-53). I described this paper as providing a global vision and a humanistic context that focuses firmly on the individual consumer as the core of any rehabilitation service. In the lead article to this issue, Paul Leung in an elaboration of his keynote address to the ASORC 4 h National Conference, provides a confirmation of Mackezie's view and extends this to elaborate on a suggested new paradigm with a central core of the needs of the individual. There follows a further call, with detailed suggestions, for rehabilitation counsellors to work flexibly, creatively, and in harmony with naturally occurring systems to take advantage of the synergies of such an approach. The two measurement-in-rehabilitation articles (Dickson and Taylor & McPherson) provide an interesting counterpoint to two models of measures that are often at odds in the literature, namely measures concerned with quantifying impairment, and measures that are concerned with quality of life. Hugh Dickson provides an insightful analysis of several of the more commonly used impairment measures and in doing so, points clearly to the difficulty in trying to develop a scale that will be weighted fairly and would be applicable to the whole population. Clearly there are pesky individuals who continue to run counter to the herd! Dickson's erudite overview of this important range of measures is quite valuable and he suggests several ways in which such scales can be usefully employed. Quality of Life measures are often perceived as outcome measures and are generally designed to gain insight into the effectiveness of one rehabilitation process or another. Bill Taylor and Kathryn McPherson examine carefully the methodological integrity of scales of this type. The authors suggest that debate and praxis in this area is nowhere near


Abstract 4917 Differential downregulation of telomerase activity by bortezomib in multiple myeloma cells- regulatory pathways and clinical implications C. Weiss 1 , O Uziel 2 , O. Wolach 2 , S. Bulvick 1 , and M. Lahav 2 1 Laniado Medical Center, Netania; 2 Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. Background The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is an effective drug in Multiple Myeloma (MM). However, its exact mechanism of action is not yet fully understood. The importance of telomerase in the biology and prognosis MM is well established, but its response to bortezomib has not been assessed yet. In light of common signaling pathways of connecting telomerase regulation and bortezomib known mechanisms of action, we surmised that the drug may affect the activity of telomerase in MM cells. Results Bortezomib downregulated telomerase activity in all MM cell lines. However, the kinetics of this downregulation varied between the two cell lines examined. Whereas in ARP-1 cells telomerase activity decreased 24 hours after bortezomib treatment, in CAG cells the effect was observed only after 48 hours. These finding imply different regulatory mechanisms between these lines. In both lines bortezomib transcriptionally downregulated telomerase activity by inhibiting hTERT expression. ChIP (Chromatin Immune Precipitation) analysis showed that SP-1 and C-Myc transcription factors mediate this transcriptional downregulation of telomerase. Interestingly, the binding of NFkB to hTERT promoter is enhanced in response to the drug, consistent with a recent study reporting upregulation of NFkB by bortezomib. We are currently looking in depth at the pathways leading to these phenomena. However, the two lines differed in the post translational modification of AKT, which phosphorylates telomerase post-translationally. Whereas in ARP-1 cells the phosphorylated form of AKT is downregulated in response to bortezomib, the drug did not affect AKT phosphorylation in CAG cells. These findings explain the different kinetics of telomerase downregulation and are in keeping with previous data showing different AKT response between these two cell lines. Conclusions and future studies Our results shed light on the effects and mechanism of bortezomib on telomerase activity in MM. Te differential response of pAKT pathway is in keeping with recent studies suggesting differential dependency of MM cells on pAKT. Telomerase inhibition by bortezomib may be of varying efficacy in subsets of MM patients in relation to their pAKT dependency. A correlation may also be found between the effect of bortezomib on telomerase activity and resistance to bortezomib in MM. As such, the ex vivo assessment of telomerase activity response to treatment may serve as a prognostic feature and add to therapeutic armamentarium by addition of telomerase inhibitors in defined subsets of patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Background: Single Incision Laparoscopic Surgery (SILS) is a new technique of minimally invasive surgery using a single incision to minimize all ports to one site, hence a single scar that can be strategically placed in the umbilicus for a perceived scar less abdomen.Methods: We report this study evaluating the possible advantages of SILS versus conventional laparoscopic appendectomy through a randomized controlled trial. The study population includes patients diagnosed as acute appendicitis. A total of 50 patients underwent appendectomy, patients were randomly assigned to either SILS appendectomy or conventional appendectomy in 1:1 ratio. Primary end points were operative time, complication rate, postoperative pain, post-operative hospital stay and patient satisfaction.Results: The pain scores measured at 48 hours were significantly lower in SILS group than conventional Lap appendectomy group. Patients had significant satisfaction score and lower pain score in SILS group than Lap appendectomy group measured at 6 weeks after appendectomy. However, the post-operative stay was similar in both the groups. There was no conversion to open appendectomy in both the groups. Patient satisfaction score in SILA was found to be higher than CLA. Operating times were similar and post-operative stay was apparently lower.Conclusions: SIL appendectomy is as safe and effective as conventional lap appendectomy.


We describe here a new hemoglobin (Hb) variant found in a newborn from Madrid, Spain. This variant was observed during a systematic program of neonatal screening for hemoglobinopathies by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The substitution was identified in exon 2 of the a2-globin gene at codon 90 (AA-G+A&G). We have called it Hb Clinico-Madrid [a90(FG2)Lys 'Arg] after the Clinico San Carlos hospital in which the variant was studied. The neonate was the first child of a healthy married couple. The 42-week-old neonate came from a normal gestation and had a birth-weight of 4440 g. Physical examination was normal. The red blood cell (RBC) indices, Hb A,. Hb F, isopropanol test, alkaline electrophoresis on cellulose acetate, citrate agar electrophoresis, were done according to standard procedures (1). Red cell lysates were also analyzed by isoelectrofocusing (IEF) (2),


This manuscript aims to investigate the effect of midair particle-particle collision on drifting snow using a three-dimensional numerical model. The theoretical frame work of the model is standard in recent numerical studies of drifting snow, but authors consider the collision between airborne particles, which is excluded from previous drifting snow models. Numerical simulations of the model adopt the non-periodic boundary condition in the streamwise direction. In addition, the realistic particle size distribution measured in wind tunnel experiments and field observations is used for simulations. Then, numerical results are compared with previous experimental and observational data to check the validity of the model. However, there are many lack of descriptions, analyses, and discussions as listed in specific comments. Therefore, the current manuscript fails to meet the publication quality of The Cryosphere.


Objective To establish a RP-HPLC method for determining the content of paeoniflorin in guizhi fuling soft capsule.Methods The extraction and purification of paeoniflorin was performed with D-101 macroporeus absorbed resin.The content of paeoniflorin was determined by RP-HPLC with the following materials and parameters: agilent TC-C18 column as the separating column,buffer consisted of KH2PO4(0.02mol/l,pH=3.0) and acetonitrile(83:17,v/v) as the mobile phase,1.2 ml/min as the flow rate,232nm as the detection wave length,30℃ as the column temperature,and 5μl as the injection volume.Results The compounds were well separated.The calibration curves of paeoniflorin in the range of(4μg/ml-28μg/ml) were linear.The lowest detectable concentration of paeoniflorin was 0.02μg/ml.The RSD was less than 0.13%.The average recoveries were 92.15﹪.Conclusion The method is simple,sensitive and precise.It could be used for the determination of paeoniflorin in guizhi fuling soft capsule.


Nowdays technology shows very fast progress in all areas, one of them is infrastructure. Paving block is one of the familiar building materials. One of the renewable innovations of paving block is a plastic paving block that developed in Purbalingga. The plastic paving block is very useful innovation because it helps in reducing plastic waste. Plastic paving block is still produced with simple machine while demand from the customers continuously increase so it need to increase in terms of production machine. Steps for design the new model is to calculate total force in 1 time process, decide hydraulic cylinder used, calculate the power of pump and also the power of electric motor, the last one is calculate the dimention of frame and also the maximum deflection that happened. The paving block press machine with hydraulic system is very suitable for applied because it can increase the income of paving block maker and will reduce plastic waste. In this design, the total force that needed for 1 time process is 107073,72 N. For the power of pump is 16,86 hp, power of electric motor is 19,83 hp and the efficiency of pump is 64%.


Ingredion (Westchester, IL), has introduced two new pea-based ingredients for pet food to its portfolio as a result of its new joint venture with Verdient Foods announced last December to make pulse-based concentrates and flours.


Summary form only given. The Brillouin flow equilibrium is one of the most widespread models of electrons drifting around cathodes in crossed radial electric and axial magnetic fields. In this present work we describe electron flow with non-crossed trajectories of electrons with azimuthal and axial velocities, with full space charge of electrons taken into account, unlike another popular model that is a two-flow model of space charge fields. We consider the single-stream model, which is generalized Brillouin flow that can be used for consideration of the operating characteristics of many devices where space charge is very important, as, for example, in relativistic magnetrons, magnetically insulated linear oscillators (MILOs), and coaxial transmission lines. In the consideration, the self-azimuthal and-longitudinal magnetic fields of electrons moving along spiral trajectories are included in addition to the applied magnetic field. We obtained analytic solutions for electron flow with non-crossed trajectories around the cylindrical cathode whose surface is not intercepted by magnetic field lines and which include the radial structure of space charge, self-electric and - magnetic fields, and velocity distribution accounting for the screening of self-magnetic fields of short pulse drifting electrons by the metallic boundary condition of the vacuum transport channel and including relativistic velocities. In the derivation we followed the basic considerations in. In particular, we found a condition for magnetic insulation including the case when there is no externally applied axial magnetic field (as is the case for the MILO). In addition, we identified the condition of synchronism of the electron flow with the electromagnetic wave, similar to the Buneman-Hartree condition in magnetrons and the condition of synchronism in MILOs.


ABSTRACT This article is concerned with the vision that doctors have regarding qualitative methods in their research, the difficulties and barriers that they encounter in this area and the possibilities for bro-adening teaching and the use of this approach in studies. In order to meet this objective we used qualitative methods and open interviews to gather data. We interviewed 42 professionals, 18 of whom had experience with qualitative methods and 24 with quantitative methods. The interviewees percei-ve the main barriers to using such methods to be the lack of social and human sciences in medicine course curriculums, the extensive time required to carry out empirical research and the difficulty in publishing articles of such a nature. The majority of the interviewees believed it necessary to include human science material in the medical curriculum and to incentivize the practical teaching of such methods by encouraging participation in research and presenting on how such studies contribute to health sector research.


In this paper we present some new methods of ranking information retrieval systems without relevance judgement. The common ground of these methods is using a measure we called reference count. An extensive experimentation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed methods using various different standards Information Retrieval evaluation measures for the ranking, like average precision, R-precision, and precision and different document levels. We also compared the effectiveness of the proposed methods with the method proposed by Soboroff et al. The experimental results showed that the proposed methods are effective, and in many cases are more effective than Soboroff at al.'s method.


We have applied the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FLAPW) ab initio method and the $spd$ tight-binding (TB) model to the calculations of the surface energies ${E}_{S}(hkl)$ and relaxations of the three low-index [(111), (100), (110)] surfaces of platinum. The two methods give similar results, and in particular the anisotropy ratios ${E}_{S}(110)∕{E}_{S}(111)$ and ${E}_{S}(100)∕{E}_{S}(111)$ are very close. The calculation of surface energy of reconstructed $(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ Pt(110) confirms that this face undergoes a missing-row reconstruction and the corresponding structural parameters agree well with experiment. The local densities of states (LDOS) calculated by each of the methods on the flat surfaces are almost the same. We have also investigated the $6(111)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}(\overline{1}11)$ vicinal surface and found a similar agreement for the LDOS.


: In the past few years there has been an intensive debate about knowledge and knowledge management. One way to deal with knowledge and its management . is by the use of information technology (In. In this way organisations are supposed to record and store the workers' knowledge in databases and the like. From these so-called "knowledge systems" co-workers are supposed to obtain knowledge they need in order to do their work. However, what is really stored in those knowledge systems? Is it knowledge, or just information? What is the difference between knowledge and information? Is there always a difference? One related question concerns whether it is any difference between "baving knowledge" and "having information"? This paper does not give any definitive answer to the questions stated but it elaborates on and gives a suggestion of how we may distinguish between the two notions.


During the fast improvement of computing technology worldwide, the new intelligent concept of Ubiquitous Computing (Ubicomp) has appeared as a promising field that cover different areas such as sensors network, artificial intelligence and computer science. Ubicomp is a way to improve the quality of users life by making many computers available and effectively invisible to the user throughout the physical environment. There have been number of studies, research developments and technologies that have emerged in Ubicomp such as the components and fundamental properties of Ubicomp system, context aware systems, wearable systems, Internet of Things technology(IoT) and Things That Think(TTT). However, there is still a lack of understanding of Ubicomp environments and the comprehensive studies in this part are limited. Therefore, this paper aims to show understanding literature review that classify the Ubicomp environments into Pervasive computing, Context-aware system, Internet of things (IoT), Wearable system and Things that think (TTT).


Data association is one of the most difficult problems in Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). As for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV), reliable data association is particularly important because of complex and mutable underwater environment. In this paper two prevailing data association algorithms—Individual Compatibility Nearest Neighbor (ICNN) and Joint Compatibility Branch and Bound (JCBB) are compared by simulation experiments and then some improvements on the computational complexity of JCBB are presented in order to seek a robust data association method for real-time application of our AUV. The SLAM algorithm used in the experiments is based on Extended Kalman Filter (EKF).


Beginning in the 1970s, becoming solidified with the peace dividend in the 1990s and finally accelerated by the financial crisis of 2008, Europe's demilitarization is undeniable. Shrinking budgets resulted in shrinking armies, equipment being deployed in small quantities, and limited military capacity. While the United States is no longer looking toward Europe, demilitarization is resulting in a weaker Europe in a world where collective violence remains a reality.


This invention relates to electric motors in which the commutating means are controllable and operated independently of the armature. The invention also relates to such motors where the armature is integral with the impeller of a pump and fluidly isolated from the stator and other parts of the motor. The invention affords speed control of electric motors.


In the scaling of semiconductor devices, evolutionary and revolutionary modifications are made in the device dimension, structural changes and dimensions. The effect of MOSFET scaling on electrostatic discharge (ESD) and electrical overstress (EOS) reliability and robustness have both positive and negative implications. In this publication, the evolutionary and revolutionary technology changes on how they influence the ESD and EOS results will be discussed in full detail. The paper will discuss changes in the substrate, wells, isolation, source/drain regions, gate dielectrics, inter-level dielectrics and interconnects.


The military testament represents a special form of wills composed in emergency cases. Wills are made by servicemen mostly in situations when they are not enabled to make a regular testamentary disposition of their property. Taking into consideration the fact that this institute emerged in Roman law, the first part of the paper is dedicated to Roman testamentum in procinctu. Subsequently, the second and third parts are designed by the author in such a manner to present the military testament from the point of view of positive law, with a specific reference to the French and Serbian law. The primary goal of the paper itself is to provide the local expert public a more thorough introduction to the causes of a development and features of the given form of a testament. The second goal is related to the fact that the military testament is, in the Draft Civil Code of Republic of Serbia, regulated in the same manner as it is done in the Inheritance Act. Therefore, by indicating the shortcomings found in an already established solution, some suggestions and directions are going to be made for the purpose of their removal or correction in the latest Serbian Civil Codification.


On the base of discussion about relationship between art and economy,the essay is to classify different features of art managing organizations, pointing out that CFO (chief financial officer in art managing organization is vacant seriously in our country. Meanwhile, according to ISO9001: 2000, the author is to analyze the art enterprise's management structure, range and area of CFO's duties and workflow, then draw a conclusion that abilities and qualities for CFO in art managing organization should meet such new requirements.


COVID-19 has led to the need to work remotely and to the need for many companies to reinvent themselves in order to survive. The aim of this paper is to review the changes that have taken place in companies as a consequence of the coronavirus. Telework has great positive aspects for employee health, but to successfully ensure business continuity and successful management. It also presents data showing the evolution of telework during the pandemic and discusses some possible solutions to change the way businesses are managed.


At present flexible electronic devices are under extensive development and, among them, flexible organic light-emitting diode displays are the closest to a large market deployment. One of the remaining unsolved challenges is high throughput production of impermeable flexible transparent barrier layers that protect sensitive light-emitting materials against ambient moisture. The present studies deal with the adaptation of the atomic layer deposition (ALD) process to high-throughput roll-to-roll production using the spatial ALD concept. We report the development of such a process for the deposition of 20 nm thickness Al2O3 diffusion barrier layers on 500 mm wide polymer webs. The process uses trimethylaluminum and water as precursors at a substrate temperature of 105 °C. The observation of self-limiting film growth behavior and uniformity of thickness confirms the ALD growth mechanism. Water vapor transmission rates for 20 nm Al2O3 films deposited on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates were measured a...


The evolution of the temperature and ionization fraction of the expanding envelope of SN1978A are discussed by use of the recombination theory of hydrogen. Temperature and ionization fraction are two fundamental parameters in the studies of supernova, but they are hard to be determined by the traditional methods. A new approach to their evolutions is proposed based on the fact that the evolutional information of these two parameters must be contained in line variation because the changes in them govern the line variation behavior. The two parameters depend on each other, so they should be calculated simultaneously. By comparing the theoretical Ha light curve deduced from the radiative transfer theory using the escaping probability approximation with the observational, the evolutions of them are achieved.


The present design relates to a crane safety device to prevent the crash of the auxiliary boom operator that can occur in conjunction with a crane equipped with a main boom and secondary boom, accompanied by a connecting and dismantling the main boom and secondary boom. A first sensor (2) for crane safety apparatus of the present design is, detecting whether the opening of the safety lever 42; Auxiliary boom 20 is first fixed pin 30 are orbiting exceeds that can pivot in the open state ranges to the secondary boom (20) for detecting whether or not spaced by more than a set distance from the main boom (10) a second sensor (3); First main boom-third sensor 4 for detecting whether tufted pin (70a) is inserted into the connecting hole (50a) and a first auxiliary boom-first boom to connecting hole (60a); And a third sensor (4) of the first bum-in Huth does not detect the insertion of a pin (70a) and the first sensor (2) is detected, or the second sensor (3) the release of the safety lever 42 is auxiliary boom when one 20 is detecting that a spaced by more than a set distance from the main boom 10, and a first sensor (2) is detected, or the second sensor (3) the release of the safety lever 42 is in the secondary boom 20 is a third sensor (4), the first boom is detected that the spaced state by more than a set distance from the main boom (10) when not detecting the insertion of the tufted pin (70a), each alarm detectors (5) for generating; It includes.


As we discussed earlier F (x, y) is nearly independent of the things that matter in propagation and we may ignore it in what follows. We also assume that the instantaneous polarization (direction) of ~ E(t, z) is independent of the position inside the beam (namely, it is independent of the x, y coordinates) thereby implying that we are treating the propagating field as a plane wave. This is known to be an excellent approximation in single mode fibers. Let us now arbitrarily define the two orthogonal directions êx and êy. The instantaneous field can then be expressed as 1 J.P. Gordon and H. Kogelnik, "PMD fundamentals" in Proceedings of Na-


with the development of China's integration into the global economy,English has become an essential tool to communicate and a substantial quality that anyone in modern society is supposed to acquire,which can be directly reflected by whether you can express yourself fluently and accurately in English.Due to the current College Entrance Examination,senior school's oral English teaching has long been underrated,which results in the problem that most of the senior students cannot speak English well,much less communicating with foreigners in a confident way.This essay will argue that the present situation of oral English teaching in senior schools of Tongling city,Anhui province,China can be improved by creating a livelier atmosphere,constructing a more genuine context and varying the activities of oral English.


An approximate theoretical treatment of the output from the simplest type of ultrasonic generator in the form of a laminated bar is first developed. The dumbbell generator is shown to be very similar to the simple bar type and the previously obtained relations are then employed for determining the relative output in terms of its face and neck dimensions.


ABSTRACT Objectives β-Amyloid protein (Aβ) plays pivotal roles in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and triggers various pathophysiological events. Lycopene is a promising neuroprotector with multiple bioactivities, while its bioavailability is limited. Lycopene-loaded microemulsion (LME) possessing superior bioavailability and brain-targeting efficiency was developed in our previous study. In this investigation, we aimed to comprehensively evaluate its neuroprotective effects and underlying mechanisms using intracerebroventricular (ICV) Aβ1–42 injection mice. Methods Mice were assigned to the Sham, Aβ, Aβ + LME and Aβ + lycopene dissolved in olive oil (LOO) groups. ICV Aβ1–42 administration was performed, followed by oral gavage of brain-targeted LME or conventional LOO formulation for 3 weeks. Brain samples were harvested for immunohistochemistry, biochemical assays and western blotting analyses. Results Our findings verified Aβ-induced neurotoxicity on neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, Aβ metabolisms and synaptic plasticity. LME supplementation dramatically attenuated astrocytosis and microgliosis, decreased malondialdehyde production and rescued antioxidant capacities, normalized apoptotic parameters and alleviated neuronal loss, inhibited amyloidogenic processing and activated non-amyloidogenic pathway, together with upregulating synaptic protein expressions and restoring synaptic plasticity. Nevertheless, most of these phenomena were not observed for mice treated with LOO, implying that LME showed significantly higher therapeutic efficacy against Aβ injury. Discussion In summary, brain-targeted LME could exert neuroprotective function via suppressing a series of cascades triggered by Aβ aggregates, thus ameliorating Aβ neurotoxicity and associated abnormalities. Given this, LME may serve as an attractive candidate for AD prevention and treatment, and superiority of brain-targeting delivery is highlighted.


In the paper,we gave an innovative design for housing mortgage insurance in the basis of the partial guarantee insurance,then obtained the pricing formula of the innovative mortgage insurance by using the method of martingale pricing,when the house price was driven by a general Ito? process,and the rate of interest was modeled by Vasic?e k model.


Laser flash photolysis-time-resolved infrared spectroscopy (LFP-TRIR) was performed on an acetonitrile or dichloromethane solution of triarylphosphines, Ar3P, in air. A transient spectrum consisting of several absorption bands appeared in the region of 1050–1300 cm−1 on the TRIR on a microsecond timescale, which disappeared on a millisecond timescale. To identify the observed transient intermediate, the IR spectra of possible intermediates of the photoreaction were simulated by theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT). The IR spectrum simulated for the phosphine peroxidic radical cation, Ar3P+OO•, well predicted the observed IR spectrum, showing that Ar3P+OO• is formed as a transient intermediate upon the LFP of Ar3P in air. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


BACKGROUND AND AIM: Head and neck cancers are the sixth most common type of cancers in the world and it has been emphasized that chronic inflammation may be associated with carcinogenesis in recent years. In the present study, the purpose is to investigate the patient characteristics and the periodontal health status of patients with malignant and benign oral mucosal lesions. METHODS: 34 patients with suspicious mucosal lesions were registered. The patients' demographic variables, tobacco use, and clinical periodontal measurements such as probing pocket depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were established for statistical analysis. All lesions were stained using Toluidine blue solution in order to determine the biopsy site and punch biopsy was performed prior to the histological examination. The patients' test parameters including demographic variables, tobacco use, and clinical periodontal measurements were statistically analyzed for benign and malignant groups. T-test, chi square, and Fisher's exact tests and logistic regression test were utilized for data analyses using SPSS program. The level of significance was set at P = 0.050. RESULTS: 34 patients [15 (44.0%) females and 19 (56.0%) males] with suspicious oral mucosal lesions were enrolled into the study. Of the 34 lesions, 8 (23.5%) were histologically diagnosed as malignant whereas 26 (76.5%) were benign. Although periodontal parameters and tobacco use were clearly granted higher scores in the malignant group, the logistic regression analysis revealed that none of the variables were influential on the diagnosis of the lesions [gender (P = 0.487), age (P = 0.891), duration of the lesion (P = 0.526), lesion localization (P = 0.356), tobacco use (P = 0.873), pocket depth (P = 0.741), plaque index (P = 0.672), bleeding index (P = 0.707)]. CONCLUSION: Despite the fact that the present study did not report statistically significant results, meaningful values related to tobacco use and periodontal measurements were observed in the patients with malignant mucosal lesions when compared to those with benign mucosal lesions.


Background: Diabetic foot is a diabetes-related complication that often requires amputation due to ulcer, necrosis, infection, and wound healing problems. Amputation decreases ambulation ability and worsens the patient's general condition. Thus, active gait training is important after amputation.Current Concepts: The level of amputation depends on the anatomical position, for example, toe amputation and transfemoral amputation. The impairment of ambulatory function is also determined by the position of amputation. Continuous rehabilitation exercise is encouraged for ambulation before surgery. Wound management and pain control are needed for early rehabilitation exercise after surgery. The maturation of the amputation stump is especially important and needed for prosthesis wearing. If the general condition of the patient permits, muscle strengthening exercises, joint range of motion exercises, and ambulation exercises should be started as soon as possible.Discussion and Conclusion: Sufficient understanding of functional decline after amputation is required. The clear goal of ambulation should be set in consideration of the patient's general condition and ability to walk before surgery. The ultimate goal of amputation is not only to remove necrosis, ulcers, and infected tissues but also to restore ambulatory function. Thus, expertise and significant effort before and after surgery are required.


Using observer to estimate cylinder pressure is significant for control and engine on-line diagnosis. Aiming to overcome the chattering phenomenon of sliding mode observer, a second-order sliding mode observer is designed based on the engine cylinder pressure model. And then part of the continuous observer injectors are designed to overcome the chattering problem and eliminate the error based on super-twisting algorithm. In addition, the convergence of system error in finite time is guaranteed by designing fittable observer parameters using second-order sliding mode theory. The simulation results show that the chattering is eliminated by using the proposed approach and the estimated error is reduced by about 10% compared with the method in [8].


This document specifies a CLASSTYPE object to support Diff-Serve Aware
Traffic Engineering (DS-TE) where path computation is performed with
an aid of Path Computation Element (PCE).


Plastic waste recycling in Germany has been fundamentally changed and
developed over the past 30 years. The implementation of the Dual System
in 1990, especially, increased the necessity of efficient waste sorting
processes. Since then, technically sophisticated machines have been
developed by mechanical process engineering which enable a separation of
waste plastic of nearly a hundred percent accuracy. However, waste
sorting processes have been largely neglected so far in economic science.
The present doctoral thesis intends to close this gap by introducing an
analytical economic decision model for sorting processes. Conceptual
basics are presented in part I. They contain a definition of waste
sorting from the economic point of view, as well as a placement of
sorting processes within the closed-loop of product material flow.
Furthermore, this part deals with the waste mixture – the most important
factor of the process. A new method to measure the mixture is presented.
In part II, the process structures are analyzed by using activity
analysis. Based on the analogy of sorting and transportation processes, a
new deterministic optimization model was developed. In part III, the new
model is evaluated and extended to meet stochastic effects. This new
model can eventually be used as a foundation for process simulation,
economic planning and the control of plastic waste sorting processes.


AbstractAn objective instrument for assessment of motivation for school learning is reported along with evidence of its validity. Rural ninth-grade students in Appalachian Kentucky constituted the sample for studying relation, ships among variables of school motivation, willingness to compete, and achievement in reading, mathematics, and language. Students in general mathematics and in algebra classes were asked to volunteer for an academic type of contest. Later the mean motivation score of volunteers exceeded the mean for non-volunteers significant at the .01 level of confidence. Algebra students' mean motivation score was significantly higher than the mean for general mathematics students (P > .001). Three months after the motivation scores were obtained scores on the California Achievement Test were collected. Product-moment correlations between motivation scores and achievement scores ranged from .604 to .718.Although other writers have reported correlations between objective measures of motivation a...


One part of the interface of an application is the menu. Menus are a common user interface component in many types of applications. Through the menu, the commands of a software (program) are executed to run certain commands from the application. Accessing the menu repeatedly for the same feature is considered ineffective. One of the solutions offered by the researchers is to provide a concept, namely the creation of dynamic menus. This article provides an overview of the dynamic menu concept through several examples of articles from previous researchers


In order to introduce the lattice Boltzmann method as a competitive approach compared to traditionally based mathematical models when river and coastal hydraulics are considered, the innovative curvilinear multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method for solving 2D flow equations transformed in curvilinear coordinate system is utilized. The curvilinear approach implemented in the multi-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann method is tested on a geometrically simple non-prismatic channel and on a section of the Danube River. Steady flow tangential velocity measurements are used in case of the channel model verification, while in case of the Danube unsteady flow is examined. Corresponding velocity and water level measurements acquired during a period of five days are used for calibration and verification of the Danube model, while an alternative mathematical model based on the traditional fractional-step approach has been exploited for comparison. The presented results confirm the aptness of the proposed model to simulate flow in natural water bodies effectively and accurately, therefore it is fully competitive with the classic computational fluid dynamics models.


For the analysis of cracked concrete structures using the fictitious crack model two fracture properties of concrete are required, namely its true specific fracture energy GF and the corresponding tension softening relation σ(w). In a recent paper, the authors proposed a simple method for the determination of the true specific fracture energy of a concrete mix. In this paper a method is proposed based on the concept of a non-linear hinge for constructing a bilinear approximation of the tension softening relation consistent with the true specific fracture energy GF. The parameters of this bilinear approximation are inferred in an inverse manner. It is shown that this inverse identification procedure predicts accurate bilinear softening relations of concrete mixes tested in three-point bend and wedge-splitting modes.


Phonological transfer of teacher training is one of the universal problem s we m et in foreign language learning.The purpose ofthis paperis to pointoutthe role ofteachers'pronunciation in prim ary school English learning based on the analysis ofits presentstate in Chinese ruralareas and finally give severaladvices on how to im prove it.


Traditional computational approaches for predicting the life and long-term behavior of materials rely on empirical data and are neither generic nor unique in nature. Also, those approaches are not easy to implement in a design procedure in an effective, integrated manner. The focus of ongoing research at the NASA Lewis Research Center has been to develop advanced integrated computational methods and related computer codes for a complete reliability-based assessment of composite structures. These methods--which account for uncertainties in all the constituent properties, fabrication process variables, and loads to predict probabilistic micromechanics, ply, laminate, and structural responseshave already been implemented in the Integrated Probabilistic Assessment of Composite Structures (IPACS) (ref. 1) computer code. The main objective of this evaluation is to illustrate the effectiveness of the methodology to predict the long-term behavior of composites under combined mechanical and thermal cyclic loading conditions.


From a global view, Slovenia is relatively evenly settled because cores of population are dispersed throughout its territory. However, a more detailed survey indicates that due to its great landscape diversity, the population density is uneven (Figure 1). The average population density is 98 people per km2 (Pannonian region 128 people per km2, Alpine region 108, Mediterranean region 106, and Dinaric region 54), which ranks Slovenia among countries with a medium density of settling. A sixth of the country has an above-average population density, mostly in altitude belts below 400 meters where four fifths of the population lives or in the areas around Slovenia's largest settlements, which are mostly on the plains and along the shoreline of the Bay of Trieste. On the plains, the density is almost 500 people per km2, in the hill regions about 100, in the medium-high mountain regions about 50, and in the mountains about 25 (Perko 1998). In the hundred-meter belt between 0 and 100 meters live 426 people per km2, and between 1,000 and 1,100 meters only 5. Rough estimates indicate that almost a tenth of Slovenia is unpopulated (Kokole Vl., Kokole Ve., 1998)


Dark tourism is a multi-layered mixture of history and heritage, tourism and tragedies. Humanity has been interested in the end of life since the time of pilgrimages. In contemporary society the individual has been isolated from the end of life and even discussing it is considered taboo. Why do people travel to dark attractions associated with death and suffering if even talking about them is so hard? The House of Terror museum in Budapest, Hungary, is a good example of a dark tourism attraction. It stands as a monument to the memory of those held captive, tortured and killed in the building under the Nazi and the Communist reigns during and after the Second World War. Opened on February 24 in 2002, the museum reveals the horrors of the two cruellest systems of the 20 century with the purpose to draw people's attention to understanding the sacrifice for the freedom in Hungary – and giving the visitor a possibility to contemplate the balance of life and death. The core of this study is to find out which factors motivate tourists to travel to dark tourism attractions and, especially, to visit the House of Terror museum. The theoretical context will present the definitions of tourism with its subgroups and, more specifically, dark tourism. Motivation in tourism will be also discussed. The functional part of this thesis includes designing and implementing a customer questionnaire for the House of Terror museum. Dark tourism is a special type of tourism business which doesn't appeal to everyone but has an important role in delivering information and bringing the past to present. According to the quantitative survey in the House of Terror, the strongest motivating factor was educational: People visit the museum in order to get information about the Second World War and the site's background. Emotional and educational motives are strongly related to dark tourism as well as seeking one's heritage, indulging curiosity and searching for nostalgia. Visiting a dark attraction can cause not only strong emotions but also broader discussion and contemplation about the dark side of history and humanity.


A frequent cause of derailments on freight, passenger, and transit operations in the United States is wheel climb in switches. Most wheel climb derailments are a combination of poor or degraded switch point condition and a worn or degraded wheel profile. There are no easy-to-use gauges currently available for track inspectors to identify degraded switch points and this article looks at techniques that were established abroad in order to develop improved tools for switch inspection to reduce wheel climb derailments. The National Academy of Sciences Ideas Deserving Exploratory Analysis (IDEA) Program is looking at improved inspection tools that are used to reduce wheel climb derailments at switch points.


This paper proposes the Sliding Mode Control (SMC) approach in order to control the nonlinear system. A nonlinear model of a five degree of freedom (DOF) flywheel energy storage system (FESS) obtained using Lagrange's equation is introduced. The SMC approach is proposed not only to out-perform the proportional integral differential (PID) control but also to show some advantages. Firstly, a robust stabilization problem for a class of nonlinear systems is considered. Secondly, conservatism of PID approach is reduced and robustness of the system is also enhanced in this study. Finally, a numerical example has been obtained and compared with the conventional PID control.


The aim of this document is to provide a way forward to best decide
upon how alternative transport information can be expressed in a CoAP
URI. This draft examines the requirements for a new URI format for
representing CoAP resources over alternative transports. Various
potential URI formats are presented. Benefits and drawbacks of
embedding alternative transport information in various ways within the
URI components are also discussed. From all listed formats, the
document finds scheme-based model to be the most technically feasible.


Abstract: The amount of data managed in many academic institutions has increased in recent years, particularly in all the research work done by undergraduate students, who simply use empirical techniques for keyword selection, forgetting existing technical methods to assist their students in this process. Information and communication technologies, such as the platform for integrated research and academic work with responsibility (PILAR), which records information about research projects, such as titles, summaries, and keywords in their various modalities, have gained relevance and importance in the management of these. We proved algorithms with these records of research projects that have been analysed in this study, and predictions were made for each of the nine (09) models of unsupervised machine learning algorithms that were implemented for each of the 7430 records from the dataset. The most efficient way of extracting keywords for this dataset was the TF-IDF method, obtaining 72% accuracy and [0.4786, SD 0.0501] in average extraction time for each thesis file processed by this model. Keywords: Keyword extraction, Machine learning, thesis. university students, unsupervised learning


This paper presents the link selection algorithm of Ultra Wide Band (UWB) communications considering fading statistics. In this algorithm, UWB devices decide the wireless link considering not only received signal strength but also fading statistics. Fading statistics follows the proposed channel model to the existence of line-of-sight (LOS).


writers as Cooley and Iiare sometimes fall, of mistaking dictum for decision, at the same time his references and quotations are usually so fiill that the careful student can detect such occasional slips. Legal opinions are certainly not light and easy reading, but a close study of them will amply repay all effort thus expended, and will reveal the true scope and meaning of the constitution a thousand times more accurately than a mere study of the text can ever do.


Leon Wurmser's (1974) formulation of the psychodynamics of compulsive drug use focuses on individuals with a core narcissistic disturbance, who are prone to suffering narcissistic crises, leading to narcissistic rage. If normal defense mechanisms prove ineffective, this rage may be expressed as hostility and aggression in order to force a change in the external situation. If these attempts also fail, individuals will be compelled to use mood-altering drugs as a means of regaining control over their internal state, thereby satisfying infantile needs for omnipotence. Wurmser's formulation of the psychodynamics of pathological narcissism in compulsive drug users may account for common problematic interactions between patients and staff in methadone clinics, as described in the literature on transference phenomena those environments. Research indicates that the presence of severe concomitant psychopathology in methadone patients is common and greatly reduces treatment outcome. However, narcissistic disturbance, a core structure of psychopathology often discussed in the psychoanalytic literature, is rarely the subject of empirical research. Two studies were designed to investigate a possible link between narcissistic rage and extracurricular drug use in methadone patients. In Study 1, the Narcissistic Rage Scale, an observer instrument for measuring the level of narcissistic rage displayed by an individual,


Every academic discipline has a ground that refers to the abstraction of the fundamental level at which phenomena subject to the discipline of study take place. This study is to explore the ground of foreign policy analysis (FPA) as the subfield of international relations (IR) discipline, upon which it explores how constructivist scholars establish their approach to that study. This study argues that first, state policy makers create the social world within which they conduct foreign policy in interaction with other states. Foreign policy, therefore, is an instrument for building bridges amongst states. Second, states deal with social construction that shapes national identity. The construction of identity substantially informs what defined as the national interest. Dual process of articulation and interpellation is of central importance in understanding the construction of identity and the national interest in foreign policy. Through this process visions of the foreign policy behavior including definition of one own state, other states, and their positions have been created.


Stability analysis of way point tracking of an open loop unstable nonlinear system is overwhelmingly ignored in the literature. Taking a spherical inverted pendulum as an example, the stability issue of way point tracking for an unstable nonlinear system is properly addressed and solved by incorporating nonlinear stabilizing controllers that could minimize the number of operating points. The underlying principle in stability analysis of way point tracking easily extends to other unstable nonlinear systems. Effectiveness of the proposed idea is evaluated in computer simulation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society


Network security is a major concern in the computer industry. Many different encryption techniques and programs have been created and implemented. PGP encryption is a popular security tool. PGP encryption is utilized in many e-mail programs to protect data transmissions. Another common use of PGP is data encryption within private networks. The building blocks for PGP are IDEA, a public key technology, and RSA, a private key technology. Both of the technologies implemented create overhead in the form of processing time, increased network traffic, and may increase network downtime. I have simulated the effect of utilizing PGP encryption technology on a hypothetical network. My simulation involves the use of PGP and RSA to encrypt text documents of varying lengths. The documents were transmitted across a network while their effects on the network were traced using tcpdump, a packet sniffer built into Linux RedHat 6.2. Once the data collection was completed, I examined the data using SAS programming techniques. The results of the SAS analysis were then utilized in a network simulation using Comnet III. I have included simulations based on 10 MB/S Ethernet, 100 MB/S Switched Ethernet, and a network with an OC-12 backbone similar to ATM.


A mobile mechanism with biped configuration is proposed for power transmission line inspection purpose. The wire-walking cycle of the designed mechanism composed of single-support phase and double-support phase. During the process of single-support phase, one foot hang on line and the other foot swing from rear to front to overcome obstacles on line and realize wire-walking locomotion. The novel mechanism designing enable the centroid of the robot concentrate on the hip joint to minimize the drive toque of hip joint and keep the robot stable during the single-support phase. And the centroid of the robot will be adjusted to concentrate to the other leg to start a new single-support phase. Both the forward kinematics model and inverse kinematics model are established in this paper for motion control. The feasibility of this concept is then confirmed by designing a real wire-walking robot and by performing experiment with a simulated line environment.


Rigid-hulled inflatable boats are extremely practical and popular nowadays. They offer a 8 effective conciliation among usability and costs. Their stable and seaworthy behaviour is 9 guaranteed by performing hydroplaning hulls coupled with unsinkable inflated tubes. At the same 10 time, their design is often based on tradition and preconceptions. Rarely, the design assumptions 11 are validated by the reality or, even, by deeper investigations. In this article, both numerical 12 methods and experimental mechanics techniques are proposed as an essential way for supporting 13 the designers in their decisive tasks. Three different situations are detailed where a numerical or an 14 experimental approach shows its benefit inside the engineering design process: firstly permitting to 15 investigate the behaviour of materials driving the fiberglass selection; then measuring the levels of 16 stress and strain in the hull during sailing; finally, using all available information as a base for 17 developing numerical models of the hull slamming in waves. Even if the discussion is focused on a 18 rigid inflatable boat, large part of its considerations is relevant beyond this special case. 19


More than 20 references concerned with well completion servicing and workover via explosion in several kinds of journals in recent 20 years are briefly summarized in this paper. Described are explosive fracturing, explosive cutting, well cleaning, perforating tubing, workover, casing repair, etc..


Conflicts of interest: Carsten Hamann and Dathan Hamann have worked as consultants for SmartPractice (Phoenix, Arizona). Jacob P. Thyssen has sold the cobalt spot test to SmartPractice (Phoenix, Arizona) after its development. Kylin K. Hamann has no conflict to declare. Funding: Funded by a grant from SmartPractice Dermatology distributor of Reveal and ConcealTM Cobalt Spot Test. prevalent. It is interesting to study cobalt exposure from consumer products, as it has previously been debated whether cobalt could substitute for nickel as a component of consumer products following the European regulatory intervention on nickel exposure (5, 6). Using inexpensive earrings recently purchased in five large cities in Thailand and China, we set out to determine the proportion of earrings that gave a positive cobalt spot test reaction (7). This collection of earrings is expected to represent possible cobalt exposure in Chinese and Thai individuals; however, it should be underscored that most inexpensive earrings sold in Europe are produced in China and Thailand.


Consumer comments left on the Internet are an important basis for the change in product demand. This paper constructs a garbage comment recognition model based on product feature extraction and attribute emotion analysis. It predicts the product attribute attention and emotional change trends in the next stage by using the time series analysis model. Combined with the changing trend of historical data, the importance of product attributes and market satisfaction is analyzed. The research model proposed in this paper is verified using online automotive product review data. The research results can provide decision support for enterprises to develop marketing strategies and product improvement and innovation.


COVID-19 has posed a great challenge to different societal institutions, ranging from health, education, food and economic institution across the globe, it has affected both the advanced countries as well as the third world countries. Prior to COVID-19 a lot of countries especially in the Third world countries like Nigeria were faced with hunger and food insecurity. The research investigate how the Virus affects food security in Northern part of Taraba State. Descriptive research designed was used were the information were obtained via the instrument of questionnaire. The study discovered that, unavailability of money to buy foodstuff, increase in foodstuff prices and panic buying were the effects of COVID-19 pandemic. Majority of the respondents were not able to receive any form of intervention and the study recommends that the government and relevant bodies should come up with an encompassing intervention to rescue the vulnerable households.


Purpose – This study aims to explore: the impact of customers' previous experience on their likelihood of using kiosks at quick service restaurants (QSRs); a mediating role of customer readiness (i.e. role clarity, ability, extrinsic motivation, intrinsic motivation) between customers' previous experience and their likelihood of using kiosks; and a moderating effect of gender in the relationships among customers' previous experience, readiness, and likelihood of using kiosks.Design/methodology/approach – A total of 614 complete responses were obtained through an online survey. Structural equation modeling was developed and tested.Findings – The results demonstrated that extrinsic motivation in using SSTs directly influenced the likelihood of using kiosks, and previous experience with SSTs indirectly influenced the likelihood of using kiosks through customer readiness in both male and female groups. This study also revealed that both male and female respondents who perceived their roles in using SST more c...


Amidst the developing and progressive world that ensures the balance of needs-rightsduties and politics for human rights i.e. to attain the highest form of self-actualization, the world has truly become anthropocentric. It is only about human beings as such. But, in this process, what we often forget is the reason human beings existmother earth or nature. The paper seeks to take a break from anthropocentrism and take a journey of and through ecocentrism that would finally enable human beings to take a step forwards in fulfilling the duties of humans in the truest sense. The paper hopes to contribute to the emerging earth jurisprudence and elaborates on the path that has been traversed and the work yet to be done, both from a philosophical and legal point of view. The paper is primarily a work of doctrinal research using the analytical mode of research to present the developing jurisprudence in the field of earth justice.


Aim: This study evaluated the microbial quality characteristics of bread and flour-made products vended for human consummation in Akure metropolis.
Methods: The sample products including bread, buns, puff puff, meat pie and cake collected from different locations were analysed using standard microbiological methods to enumerate the bacterial and fungal consortia. Macro and micro-morphological identification of the implicated fungi in the food samples were done via standard techniques. The presence and quantity of some aflatoxin types were also investigated using standard techniques.
Results: The fungal organisms enumerated include species of Fusarium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Mucor, Sacharomyces cerevisiae, Rhizopus and Penicillium. Bacteria consortium implicated in sample products include; Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, Clostridium sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the likes. The levels of aflatoxin B1 and B2 produced were predominantly associated with Aspergillus flavus enumerated from bread products which serve as a rider to the aflatoxin contamination in vended flour products.
Conclusion: The toxicity and potency of aflatoxins make them a primary health hazard and as well accountable for losses associated with contamination of processed foods and ready-to-eat foods. It is recommended that bakers should implement the use of heat-treated flour in the production process of ready-to-eat products for human safety.


The present paper deals with Some Common Fixed Point theorems for six occasionally weakly compatible (owc) mappings in Fuzzy Metric Space. Keywords occasionally weakly compatible (owc) mappings, Fuzzy Metric Space.


In this paper, we newly developed an omnidirectional receiver for visible light communication (VLC). The omnidirectional receiver was composed of a flexible solar cell attached on a cylindrical surface with its axis in vertical direction. The solar cell surface was sym-metrical and showed an almost uniform receiving pattern in a horizontal plane. The maximum difference in a receiving pattern was within 7% of its peak value in a horizontal plane. This configuration is very easy to fabricate and useful in constructing wireless sensor networks in which one receiver needs to detect multiple LED signals in different directions.


[88738-78-7] C7H9F6O5P (MW 318.13)

InChI = 1S/C7H9F6O5P/c1-16-5(14)2-19(15,17-3-6(8,9)10)18-4-7(11,12)13/h2-4H2,1H3

InChIKey = PVSJXEDBEXYLML-UHFFFAOYSA-N

(Horner–Emmons reagent for the production of α,β-unsaturated esters with (Z) selectivity)

Alternate Name: bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) (methyoxycarbonylmethyl)phosphonate

Physical Data: d 1.504 g cm−3.

Solubility: sol THF, DME, CH2Cl2.

Form Supplied in: oil; widely available.

Preparative Method: prepared by reaction of methyl dichlorophosphonoacetate with trifluoroethanol in benzene.

Purification: silica gel chromatography.

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: irritant.


Abstract. Serum levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were measured by radioelectro‐immunoassay before and during administration of danazol in daily doses varying between 200 and 800 mg for a period of 1–6 months. The patients consisted of different groups of regularly menstruating women (n = 76) and of postmenopausal women (n = 12). A rapid proportional decrease in SHBG was seen at all dose levels in both pre‐and postmenopausal women, starting within the first 24 hours and reaching statistical significance by 48 hours. The fractional rate of fall appeared to be determined by the metabolic half‐life of the protein itself. Plotting log concentrations of SHBG versus time and using the slope of the linear regression for calculations, the half‐life of SHBG appeared to be 15±5.7 (SD) days. After approximately one month of treatment, the SHBG concentrations began to approach a new steady state at a level of approximately 20–30% of the original concentration, depending on the dose of danazol. The proportional suppression of SHBG was significantly greater following 600 or 800 mg of danazol daily than following 200 or 400 mg. However, with all doses the SHBG levels after one month of treatment were well below the levels normally found in healthy males. The mean proportional reduction following a certain dose was almost identical in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. The findings of the present investigation suggest that danazol exerts a direct inhibitory effect on the hepatic synthesis of SHBG, which is dependent of the dose of danazol, independent of estrogen concentration, but possibly accentuated by endogenous androgens.


A photonic-crystal-fiber (PCF) with heptagonal core and heptagonal cladding is presented here for dispersion compensation. Different optical properties for the suggested PCF are explored using finite-element-method (FEM). At 1550nm operational wavelength the proposed PCF demonstrates a large negative chromatic dispersion of −940ps/(nm-km). The dispersion variation is −441 to −1160ps/(nm-km) in the wavelength range of 1400 to 1700nm (300nm band). Moreover, it exhibits a very low confinement loss of about 10-5dB/km and low nonlinearity of 45W−1km−1at 1550nm wavelength. Considering the very high negative dispersion and low nonlinearity, the suggested PCF has promising properties for compensating chromatic dispersion in fiber-optic communication at near infrared range.


In view of diseases like slippage and surge of pavement structure that result from being lack of interlayer cohesive force performance of asphalt pavement, interlayer shear stress of five kinds of typical pavement structure was calculated by means of finite element software Ansys; the shear fatigue performance and shear strength performance of epoxy emulsified asphalt were tested on the basis of calculation of interlayer maximum shear stress and shear strength. Results indicate that the shear strength increases with the increase of normal stress by approximate linearly trend; the optimum epoxy emulsified asphalt distributing amount is 0.8kg/m2 under the high temperature of 60℃; the shear strength decreases with the increase of temperature, while the distributing amount and normal stress are the same, in fact, it is mainly caused by the decrease of cohesive force; the maximum interlayer shear stress under the loads of 100kN and 200kN are less than allowable shear stress and shear strength, shear fatigue damage and ultimate shear failure under the condition of high temperature and heavy load will not be generated on the asphalt surface course.


This text puts forward our city construction first in the existent problem,passing research to live the area development of different way,with residence of metabolism combine together,researchs residence of metabolism with live the relation of the area development,and rise the city and can keep on to develop high to argument.Metabolism that points out the residence is the city can keep on the development of important means,and some aspects that should notice.


Abstract:Among the types of drama that developed within the liturgy of the medieval Western church is the play known as the Peregrinus or Peregrini, based on the journey to Emmaus in Luke 24. 13–35, and usually performed at Vespers on Easter Monday. Surprisingly, most examples of it are disappointing in dramatic terms, even though much of the gospel scene is already in dialogue or gives an opportunity for it. The story itself involves movement and action (the journey to Emmaus, the entry into the castellum there, the meal including the breaking of bread, Christ's sudden disappearance and the excited return of the two pilgrims to Jerusalem), and offers an opportunity to add more scenes, since verses 22–24 refer to the visits of the Maries and of Peter and John to the empty tomb. Yet most Peregrinus plays seem disjointed and lack dramatic impetus, mainly because they rely heavily on quotation from the gospel narrative and the antiphons for the Easter season, often interspersed with Alleluias at the end of each sentence. However, there is one spectacular exception, which — because it does not appear in a liturgical manuscript (or, therefore, with music or 'stage directions in the form of rubrics) — has hitherto passed unnoticed except as a poem. Lawrence of Durham's Peregrini is not merely the only complete surviving Anglo-Latin Emmaus play, but also the longest and most elaborate play of its kind, and the only one that is in the original verse throughout. The purpose of this article is to describe it, and to argue that its poetic and dramatic achievement deserves wider appreciation.


The Purpose of the paper is the Object-Oriented Analysis (OOA) of SNS as the first phase of software development. For the Integrated Production Management System based on SNS. A logic of SNS's module is generalized and an OOA are performed by using the UML(usecase diagram, sequence diagram).


Scenario planning is useful to approach the uncertainty of the future but scenario planning in public policy has gained less attention while public policy requires more realistic future scenarios. This study aims to study what are the roles of scenario planning linking public policy with the future. This study adopted a methodology based on workshop discussion among experts using Korean AI policy case as a case study. The main roles of scenario planning for public policy were exhibited to consider the publicity to approach and resolve public issues, to define the multiple stakeholders and their interests during public policy decisions, to approach time mismatching issues, and to consider cross-border effect between private and public sectors by public policy. The cross-border effect between private and public sectors by technological innovation was uniquely discussed and the theory of scenario planning is extended including the public area in this study.


Although the deep, wide basins of the Western rift, Africa, have served as analogues for the evolution of half‐graben basins, the geometry and kinematics of the border, intrabasinal, and transfer fault systems have been weakly constrained. Despite the >100‐km‐long fault systems bounding basins, little was known of seismicity patterns or the potential for M > 7.5 earthquakes. Using our new local earthquake database from the 2013‐2015 Study of Extension and maGmatism in Malawi aNd Tanzania (SEGMeNT) seismic array (57 onshore, 32 lake‐bottom stations) and TANGA14 (13 stations), we examine the kinematics and extension direction of the Rungwe Volcanic Province and northern Malawi rift. We relocated earthquakes using a new 1‐D velocity model and both absolute and double‐difference relocation methods. Local magnitudes of 1,178 earthquakes within the array are 0.7 < ML < 5.2 with a b‐value 0.77 ± 0.03, and magnitude of completeness ML 1.9. Focal mechanism solutions for 63 earthquakes reveal predominantly normal and oblique‐slip motion, and full moment tensor solutions for ML 4.5, 5.2 earthquakes have centroid depths within 2 km of catalog depths. The preferred nodal planes dip more than 40° from surface to >25‐km depths. Extension direction from local earthquakes and source mechanisms of teleseismically detected earthquakes are approximately N58°E and N65°E, respectively, refuting earlier interpretations of a NW‐SE transform fault system. The low b‐value indicating strong coupling across crustal‐scale border faults, border fault lengths >100 km, and evidence for aseismic deformation together indicate that infrequent M > 7.5 earthquakes are possible within this cratonic rift system.


Analysis of cloud top temperature of 5 hail cloud system in 1987 and surface hail and rain distribution were analyzed. It is found that when the cloud top temperature was up to- 55 ℃,heavy hail disaster would strike large areas of Zhangjiakou region,and the hail area lay at the upper left side of- 55 ℃ cold center. Correlation analysis of geographic distribution of surface hail and rain,time various of hail size distribution and hail amount was conducted. Hail number density decreased rapidly at several diameter segements after the hail suppression job, and it is explained by using a trajectory theory of hail embryo in the cloud. Functional correlation of rain and hail integral curv aera difference( ΔS) and hail time were derived. It is also explored the hail suppression mechanism.


Based on the DSD diagram, a graphic language COODSD, which can be used to support the concurrent object\|oriented programming design, is pointed out in this paper and the expression faculty of the graphic method is discussed.


Abstract : Lithion, a Division of Yardney Technical Products, constructed lithium-ion cells to improve electrode coatings, separators, electrolytes, and other aspects of cell design. Lithium-ion batteries, with their exceptional energy density and cycle-life performance, are replacing other rechargeable battery systems in many applications. With the continued development of applications such as directed energy weapons, unmanned aerial vehicles, and aircraft batteries, lithium-ion technology must continue to develop its high pulse power and high rate continuous discharge performance aspects. While developing a cell with these performance characteristics, all aspects of the lithium-ion system were evaluated: anode material, cathode material, current collectors, electrolyte composition, and separator. For the primary screening method, coin cells were utilized due to their versatility. For this paper, the material development portion of the effort is proprietary and will not be discussed. Cycling performance and characteristics will be discussed for cells ranging in size from 2032 coin cells to the full-scale 9 Ah rated lithium-ion cell. The cells developed under this effort are capable of discharge pulses at 188 C and 25 degrees C, continuous discharge at 112 C and 25 degrees C, and continuous discharge at 28 C and -20 degrees C. Specifically, our 9 Ah cell was discharged with an initial peak specific pulse power of 11kW/kg followed by continuous discharge at 112 C and 25 degrees C, delivering 82% of capacity to 2.5 V and 96% of capacity to 2.0 V.


The use of software analyst's notebook application in disclosing the development of narcotics crime, refers to the development of the meaning of Article 183 paragraph (1) of Law No. 8 of 1981 (KUHAP) recognizes legal evidence after the birth of Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning ITE. By using the software analyst's notebook application, Sat Res Narcotics Agam Police has uncovered 13 cases throughout 2016 to 2018, related to narcotics crime cases. This research is a descriptive analytical study. The approach used in this study is a normative juridical approach supported by an empirical juridical approach. From the results of the research, it can be explained that: First, the use of software analyst's notebook in an effort to reveal the narcotics crime network at the Agam Police has been going well, which is evident from 2016 to 2018 there have been 13 cases using this application to reveal criminal networks even bigger narcotics in the Agam Police area. The application is able to map the communication network on various cases of disclosure of narcotics crimes in the jurisdiction of the Agam Police, especially in areas where the modus operandi of narcotics marketing is carried out with a disconnected network system. The decomposition of the communication network can connect a broken link in disclosing narcotics crimes, for example, the Police report No. LP / 25 / III / 2019 / Res.Agam dated March 15, 2019. Constraints and efforts encountered in using software analyst's notebook in an attempt to uncover the network Narcotics crime at the Agam Police at the Agam Police consists of: inadequate facilities and infrastructure, lack of narcotics investigator personnel, the interconnection of each perpetrator and the changing narcotics distribution techniques. The efforts that have been made are as follows: handling networks, conducting training and education for members of the Agam Police Narcotics Satres, maximizing existing human resources, raids, and monitoring former narcotics addicts.


This paper establishes a core competency recognition model of real estate enterprise from four perspectives on the basis of the review and analysis of relevant theoretical literature,and uses the model to observe Vanke Group's practice,analyzes the formation of its core competencies, finds Vanke Group has been forming core competencies in four areas to a certain extent.


We investigated theoretically and experimentally the use of nanotechnology to enhance the performance of semiconductor infrared detectors. An increase of the quantum efficiency, responsivity and specific detectivity is obtained by applying transparent conductive oxide (TCO) nanoparticles onto the surface of a photodetector. To this purpose we considered uncooled mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) photoconductive detectors fabricated by isothermal vapor phase epitaxy, but the same procedure can be applied to cryogenically cooled devices, including those of photovoltaic type. The main mechanism of enhancement is light concentration ensured through localized plasmon resonance at the TCO nanoparticles and through enhanced scattering, while the desired wavelength range is reached by a further redshifting through the adjustment of nanoparticle properties. The improvement can be implemented duringthe final stages of production of the existing photovoltaic and photoconductive detectors. The method is applicable to various practical applications, including updating of high-precision guided ammunition.


Interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines are subject to rich harmonics of air-gap magnetic field, which correspond to electromagnetic forces and resulting noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) issues. In this paper, the NVH issue is evaluated based on a 160 kW IPM motor with focus on zeroth-mode vibration led by radial forces. Based on FEA, the leading radial force harmonics are analyzed and effectively reduced by rotor notching and asymmetric stator slotting techniques. Harmonic response analysis is conducted to verify the radial force optimization results. The results show 97.0% and 54.7% amplitude reduction on 48th temporal harmonic of total radial force for open-circuit and on-load operation, respectively. This corresponds to a 4.8 dB equivalent radiated power level (ERPL) reduction at on-load operation. The optimization approach is found effective in alleviating vibration issues of IPM traction motors without sacrificing output torque capability and will be validated by following-up prototype tests.


The melon calli were cultured in dark(25±2) ℃ on MS medium contained 5 mmol·L-1 coffeic acid(CA) and/ or 10 mmol·L-1 CoCl2(CC),while benzothiadiazole(BTH) were sprayed on the calli.The production rate of O2■,content of H2O2 and the activities of SOD,CAT,POD,PPO,PAL were determined.The result showed that CA inhibited the induction of BTH on O2■ rate,H2O2 production and CAT decrease.While CC stimulated O2■ rate,but had no effect on BTH induced H2O2 production and CAT decrease.Either CA or CC could partially inhibit the increase of SOD activity induced by BTH,and CA+CC completely counterbalanced the effect of BTH on SOD.CC eliminated POD increase induced by BTH,while CA showed no effect on this.Both CA and CC promoted the increase of PAL induced by BTH.These results demonstrate that the induction of BTH on CAT activity,O2■ rate and H2O2 production is through SA-dependent pathway,the induction of BTH on POD activity is through ET-dependent pathway,and the effect of BTH on SOD activity is through SA-and ET-dependent pathways,while the induction of BTH on PAL may be via signal transduction other than SA-or ET-dependent pathway.


Hot‐dipped metallic coatings are of fundamental importance to the corrosion technologist because, in many applications, they are the cheapest and most durable finish. In this article, the properties, preparation and uses of the metal coatings are compared and contrasted.


Many labour organizations that sponsor occupational health and safety training champion "peer training," preferring instructors drawn from the shopfloor over academically credentialed experts. But peer training is hardly new: in the skilled trades, master craftsmen have instructed apprentices since the Middle Ages. Building on the apprenticeship model of education, the U.S.-based construction unions have created a network of more than 4,000 peer trainers who provide occupational health and safety training to up to 100,000 men and women in the building trades each year.


The excellent electrocatalytic activity of a micro-structured carbon material, carbon hollow spheres (CS), to the oxidation of dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is demonstrated here. Compared to conventional bare glassy carbon electrodes, a substantial decrease by 450 mV in the overpotential of NADH electrooxidation was observed using CS coatings, with oxidation starting at ca. −0.10 V (vs.Ag/AgCl, pH 7.0). The CS-coated glassy carbon electrode (CS/GC) thus allows highly sensitive and direct amperometric detection of NADH at lower potential, ranging from 0.20 to 100 μM with a high sensitivity of 7.3 ± 0.2 nA μM−1 (i.e., 103.3 ± 2.8 nA μM−1 cm−2), low detection limit of 0.08 ± 0.03 μM, and minimization of surface fouling. With lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as a model, a lactate biosensor with the LDH-CS/GC electrode was constructed and the biosensor shows rapid and highly sensitive amperometric response to lactate ranging from 0.5 to 12 μM with a detection limit of 3.7 ± 0.2 μM, a sensitivity of 4.1 ± 0.2 nA μM−1 (i.e., 57.9 ± 2.8 nA μM−1 cm−2), good reproducibility and excellent stability. Furthermore, the promoted direct electron transfer (DET) of bilirubin oxidase (BOD) on CS/GC electrode was investigated, and thus a membrane-less lactate/oxygen biofuel cell was assembled by using LDH-CS/GC as bioanode for lactate oxidation and BOD-CS/GC electrode for oxygen reduction, with a high open-circuit potential of 0.60 V. Such ability of CS to decrease the NADH oxidation overpotential and promote DET of blue-copper oxidases suggests great promise for dehydrogenase-based amperometric biosensors and biofuel cells.


Engraftment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from adult bone marrow has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach for postinfarction left ventricular dysfunction. However, limited cell viability after transplantation into the myocardium has restricted its regenerative capacity. In this study, we genetically modified MSCs with an antiapoptotic Bcl‐2 gene and evaluated cell survival, engraftment, revascularization, and functional improvement in a rat left anterior descending ligation model via intracardiac injection. Rat MSCs were manipulated to overexpress the Bcl‐2 gene. In vitro, the antiapoptotic and paracrine effects were assessed under hypoxic conditions. In vivo, the Bcl‐2 gene‐modified MSCs (Bcl‐2‐MSCs) were injected after myocardial infarction. The surviving cells were tracked after transplantation. Capillary density was quantified after 3 weeks. The left ventricular function was evaluated by pressure‐volume loops. The Bcl‐2 gene protected MSCs against apoptosis. In vitro, Bcl‐2 overexpression reduced MSC apoptosis by 32% and enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor secretion by more than 60% under hypoxic conditions. Transplantation with Bcl‐2‐MSCs increased 2.2‐fold, 1.9‐fold, and 1.2‐fold of the cellular survival at 4 days, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks, respectively, compared with the vector‐MSC group. Capillary density in the infarct border zone was 15% higher in Bcl‐2‐MSC transplanted animals than in vector‐MSC treated animals. Furthermore, Bcl‐2‐MSC transplanted animals had 17% smaller infarct size than vector‐MSC treated animals and exhibited functional recovery remarkably. Our current findings support the premise that transplantation of antiapoptotic gene‐modified MSCs may have values for mediating substantial functional recovery after acute myocardial infarction.


Fitz-Hugh-Curtis's syndrome (FHCS) is defined as an inflammation of the liver capsule associated with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Here, we report a case of FHCS of a 37-year-old woman, presented with a history of the right upper quadrant (RUQ) abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed RUQ abdominal tenderness and vaginal secretions, pelvic pain that was denied by the patient. The diagnosis has been raised and a computed tomography (CT) scan was realized showing inflammatory changes in both pelvic and perihepatic regions.


Zinc oxide thin films with and without erbium doping were prepared by spray pyrolysis with zinc chloride and erbium acetate precursors. Film thickness profile after 700°C annealing process were analyzed. With the anneal time increase, rough and smooth surface were characterized for the ZnO and ZnO:Er samples respectively. The 10K photoluminescence were applied for the film characterization.


One hundred and eighty five borage (Borago officinalis L.) accessions of cultivated and wild germplasm collections, from different Spanish origins, were evaluated for gamma-linolenic (GLA) and other fatty acids and seed characters. White flowered cultivated genotypes had higher contents of GLA than blue flowered wild material. No correlation was found between oil content and GLA. Genotypes with high GLA content, low levels of erucic acid and high oil content were selected


Sustainability is an ever increasing field of interest in business management. However, the notions of sustainability are elusive and its implications are not always clear. What is clear though is that being sustainable can enhance a corporate organisation's competitive advantage. Risk management in general, and fire protection in particular, can be argued to inherently provide benefits of a sustainability nature. This implies that the use of investment in fire protection can help make organisations more sustainable. However, present methods for investment assessment are based on old-fashioned economic reasoning that do not account for sustainability in a desirable manner. Therefore, this thesis investigates how the increasing attention to sustainability interrelates with the key concepts of risk management and how these connections can be utilized to further develop the investment assessment procedure to better account for sustainability. An attempt is made to develop a semi-quantitative model for assessment of investments in fire protection measures. The model is based on a multi-attribute utility theory and uses an ordinal assessment scale to rate a number of sustainability factors that are chosen to specifically represent the consequences which may occur due to fires in industrial organisations.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of herbal decoction Sishen Jian on acute osteoarthritis of knee joint.Methods The 60 osteoarthritis cases in the attack stage were randomized into treatment group(30 cases)and control group(30 cases).The treatment group was given the decoction Sishen Jian and Diclofenac Sodium Sustained Release Capsules and the control group was given the capsules only.Two weeks made one course of treatment.Before and after treatment,the symptoms such as pain and morning stiff- ness,the signs including joint swelling and tenderness,and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)and C reactive protein were ob- served for comparison.Results The total effective rate of the treatment group and control group was 96.66% and 53.26% respec- tively.The difference of two groups was significant(P0.05).In terms of relieving pain,morning stiffness,joint swelling and ten- derness,and decreasing the level of CRP,the effect of treatment group was superior to that of the control group.Conclusion The herbal decoction Sishen Jian is effective for acute osteoarthritis of knee joint.


The article analyses the application of international humanitarian law (IHL) to UN 'peace operations' when, due to their factual involvement in hostilities, they become parties to a non-international armed conflict. It argues that the notion of party to the conflict allows to focus on the collective entity and its obligations, and to infer the status of individual members of the operation from the mission's collective status. In assessing the consequences of that scenario, the article further discusses the external and internal borders of the scope of the notion of party to the conflict as applied to UN peace operations, and examines the impact of the loss of protection from attack on the principle of distinction. It concludes by suggesting that, in light of the increasing involvement of UN peace operations in situations that factually amount to armed conflict, an evolutionary interpretation of the theory of IHL's application to the situation is needed.


Exchange bias (HE) is manifested by a shift of the hysteresis loop of the ferromagnet (F) which is in contact with an antiferromagnet (AF) after field cooling the sample through the Neel temperature (TN) of the AF. In the first set of experiments, (110)-oriented AF FexZn1-xF2 / polycrystalline Co bilayers were grown on MgO (100) substrates via MBE with the AF twinned in the film plane. The blocking temperature was found to have a linear dependence on the x for x > 0.25, coinciding with the TN of the bulk dilute crystals. HE was increased by 65% for x = 0.84 with a 1.0 nm pure FeF2 between FexZn1-xF2 and Co, compared to pure FeF2 / Co bilayers, presumably due to the formation of domain states inside the dilute AF layers. The pure interface layer is crucial in increasing the coupling between the F and the AF layers. The angular dependence of HE on the cooling field direction was then studied using VSM. The cooling field was applied at an angle alpha with respect to the twins' perpendicular bisector in the film plane. The most negative HE was found to occur along the AF easy c-axis for 0 < alpha < 30 ~ 40 degrees. An exchange bias flop occurred if alpha was increased further. The 1.0 nm pure FeF2 interface layer resulted in a sharper exchange bias flop transition, indicating that the pure interface layer acts as a buffer for the interface interaction. As a comparison, single crystal FeF2 / Co bilayers were also prepared. A large HE was observed with the sample field-cooled along the easy axis of FeF2, whereas two loops with the same HE magnitude but of opposite signs were observed when the cooling field was applied 90 degrees to the AF easy c-axis. Changing the cooling field direction to 91 degrees caused the sample to acquire a significant positive HE parallel to the AF easy axis, demonstrating that the interface coupling responsible for HE is extremely sensitive to the underlying magnetic anisotropy of the AF layer.


The low-latency adaptive optical mirror system (LLAMAS) is designed to push the limits on achievable latencies and frame rates. It has 21 subapertures across its pupil. A reformulated version of the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) method predictive Fourier control is implemented in LLAMAS; for all modes, it takes just 30 µs to compute. In the testbed, a turbulator mixes hot and ambient air to produce wind-blown turbulence. Wind prediction clearly improves correction when compared to an integral controller. Closed-loop telemetry shows that wind-predictive LQG removes the characteristic "butterfly" and reduces temporal error power by up to a factor of three for mid-spatial frequency modes. Strehl changes seen in focal plane images are consistent with telemetry and the system error budget.


The reaction activities of UV,O_3,TiO_2/O_3,TiO_2/UV/O_2,UV/O_3 and TiO_2/UV/O_3 six different processes were tested in aqueous or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) suspensions using elec- tron spin resonance (ESR) technique with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) spin trap, in the meantime,the effect of different reaction time,amount of catalyst used and dissolved oxygen on the formation of·OH and·O_2~- in TiO_2/UV/O_3 process were discussed.Result showed that the concentration of·OH and·O_2~- increased obviously by adding ozone.The relative intensity of DM- PO-·OH and DMPO-·O_2~- in six different conditions was TiO_2/UV/O_3TiO_2/UV/O_2UV/O_3UVTiO_2/O_3O_3 and TiO_2/UV/O_3≈TiO_2/UV/O_2TiO_2/O_3UVUV/O_3O_3,respec- tively.At last,the DMPO-·O_3~- was successfully detected in TiO_2/UV/O_3 process.


The employment of camera in low-cost navigation and guidance of multirotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has recently been the focus of many investigations. Nevertheless, in the previous works, camera measurements was adopted either to aid in the position/velocity estimation or to directly provide feedback for guidance, but not specifically for assisting in the attitude determination process. This work is concerned with the attitude determination of multirotor UAVs using vector measurements taken from a camera. The vehicle is assumed to be equipped with an altimeter, a triad of rate-gyros, and a downward-facing strapdown camera. It is assumed to fly in an indoor environment containing various landmarks placed in known positions on the floor. The quantity and positions of the landmarks are chosen in such a way that at least two of them always remain in the camera field of view. Therefore, at each time instant, two noncollinear unit vectors directed from the camera to the center of area of the landmarks can be computed. In order to carry out attitude determination, two quaternion estimation methods are adopted: the multiplicative extended Kalman filter (MEKF) and the quaternion extended Kalman filter (QEKF). The proposed multirotor attitude determination scheme is evaluated by computational simulations.


Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are a crucial sector for the EU economy that needs support by ICTs. They are keys for making SMEs grow. As the global economy becomes increasingly reliant on ICTs to receive, process, and send out information, SMEs in developing countries should not be left behind. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the ICT market in Albania and to study the beliefs and attitudes of SMEs toward the use of ICTs as well. Beside information on the current situation, this paper aims to identify the needs and difficulties SMEs faces in using ICTs.


In this paper we present the results of experiments carried out in an infra-structured 802.11b WLAN comprising a single Access Point (AP) and a number of user terminals. The aim of this work is twofold: by the one hand, we validate well-known ?TCP (UDP) over 802.11? analytic models by means of experimental results; by the other hand, we focus our analysis on TCP behavior over 802.11b. We present results about flow fairness, about interaction between WLAN link layer parameters (ARQ) and transport protocols and about TCP flows traffic characteristics. With respect to earlier related works, an added value of our analysis is given by a more accurate knowledge and control of key parameters that highly affect the system performance (e.g., mobile station transmission bitrate, maximum number of retransmission attempts, TCP version, etc.) that guarantees the reliability of numerical results. This is a key issue in order to confidently explain observed experimental phenomena.


The aim of this study is to explore the impact of economic growth (GDP), energy consumption, foreign direct investment, oil price, and exports on carbon emissions by employing yearly time series data for Italy for the period 1971–2019. For this purpose, we employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and wavelet coherence approach to analyze the interconnections among variables. The cointegration results confirm the long-run association between our variables. Our findings show that GDP has a positive impact on carbon emissions, while the square of GDP has a negative impact, thus confirming the presence of the EKC hypothesis. Further, oil prices have a detrimental impact on carbon emissions both in the long- and short-term; on the contrary, foreign direct investment, energy consumption, and exports promote environmental degradation. We propose some important policy recommendations based on these findings to address the environmental constraints.


Objective To review the relevant literature,analyze the application and the problem of standardized patients in the field of medical education in China,and then to raise the effective measures.Methods The literature was checked with the key word "standardized patients" or "SP" in Chinese journal full-text database from 1998 to 2007.Results Finally,264 literatures were searched in all among the 26766 results.Conclusions Although the educators have paid more attention to standardized patient and made considerable progress,many literatures focused on elaborating the theory and rarely used for teaching practice especially in the field of nursing education.Thus,educators should raise awareness of standardized patient teaching and extend the application of standardized patients.