S U M M A R Y We study analytically and numerically effects of attenuation on cross-correlation functions of ambient noise in a 2-D model with different attenuation constants between and outside a pair of stations. The attenuation is accounted for by quality factor Q(ω) and complex phase velocity. The analytical results are derived for isotropic far-field source distribution assuming the Fresnel approximation and mild attenuation. More general situations including cases with non-isotropic source distributions are examined with numerical simulations. The results show that homogeneous attenuation in the interstation regions produces symmetric amplitude decay of the causal and anticausal parts of the noise cross-correlation function. The attenuation between the receivers and far-field sources generates symmetric exponential amplitude decay and may also cause asymmetric reduction of the causal/anticausal parts that increases with frequency. This frequency dependence can be used to distinguish asymmetric amplitudes due to attenuation from frequency-independent asymmetry in noise correlations generated by nonisotropic source distribution. The attenuations both between and outside station pairs also produce phase shifts that could affect measurements of group and phase velocities. In terms of noise cross-spectra, the interstation attenuation is governed by Struve functions while the attenuation between the far-field sources and receivers is associatedwith exponential decay and the imaginary part of complex Bessel function. These results are fundamentally different from previous studies of attenuated coherency that append the Bessel function with an exponential decay that depends on the interstation distance.


A process for preparing methyl 2-benzo [b] furancarboxylic acid of the formula! ! Characterized in that benzo [b] furan is reacted with CBr4 and methanol in the presence of iron-ferrocene catalyst (Fe (C5H5) 2) or acetylacetone iron (III), or bromide, iron (II) in a molar ratio [catalyst]: [benzo [b] furanfuran]: [CBr4]: [methanol] = 1: 100: 200: 1000-1100, at a temperature of 130-150 ° C for 4-5 h under argon.


Multidimensional database technology is becoming more and more important in conjunction with data warehouses and OLAP analysis. What is still lacking is a commonly accepted formal foundation which can serve as a basis for future research and standardization. Recently, a multitude of interesting proposals on this topic have been published. OLAP applications have some special requirements that do not apply to other areas of multidimensional analysis (e.g. GIS, PACS). In this report, we list requirements that a formal model and a corresponding query language must fulfill to be suitable for OLAP. We present several recently proposed approaches that come closest to our requirements. For each approach, we give a brief description and a discussion of its suitability as a formal foundation for OLAP, with respect to our requirements. We conclude the report by giving some directions for future work in this area.


Abstract : Waste thermal treatment is a preferred method for waste handling on board Naval platforms. It can accomplish several goals of at-sea treatment of shipboard wastes, including volume reduction, sterilization, and detoxification. It is also considered to be the most cost-effective approach available and among the safest, requiring little specialized personnel training. Unfortunately neither land-based nor existing seaworthy incinerator designs can meet the Naval requirements of compactness and light weight. This has led to the exploration of novel approaches, such as the use of forced acoustics to improve heat transfer, turbulent mixing, and firing density in order to reduce the size and increase the throughput of incineration systems. EER has designed and constructed two experimental facilities to study the application of forced acoustics for the improvement of waste thermal treatment as it might be applied to the next generation of Naval platforms that are now only in the conceptual phase of development. The status of these research efforts, preliminary experimental results, and plans for future development are discussed.


WEDM (Wire Electrical Discharge Machining) is widely used to machine
difficult-to-machine materials, such as high-strength and high-brittle materials. The research on tension
control device of the wire electrode is mainly to improve the machining precision and surface quality of
WEDM.

To meet the growing demand for processing of difficult-to-machine materials, such as highstrength
and high-brittle materials, the machining precision and surface quality of WEDM are improved
continuously.

This paper reviews various representative patents related to the tension control device of wire
electrode in WEDM.

Through retracing the characteristics of different types of the tension control device of wire
electrode in WEDM, the main problems existing in the current development are concluded and analyzed.
The development trend of patents on the tension control device of wire electrode in WEDM is
discussed.

The optimization and development of the tension control device of wire electrode in
WEDM are beneficial to improve the machining precision and surface quality of WEDM. More related
patents on the tension control device of wire electrode in WEDM will be invented.


A support system (120) for a fragile substrate (118) of an exhaust gas treatment device (110) includes a microporous, inorganic insulating layer, which directly or indirectly engages at least a portion of the fragile substrate; and a flexible fibrous mounting mat which directly or indirectly engages at least a portion of said fragile substrate. The support system may support the fragile substrate of a catalytic converter, a diesel particulate trap filter, a selective catalyst reduction unit, or a NOx trap.


Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) encompass a very heterogeneous group of malignomas and can vary very dramatically in their clinical progression. The spectrum ranges from more benign, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors without invasive growth or metastases to rapidly proliferating, minimally differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma that behaves biologically in a manner similar to small cell lung carcinoma. Treatment of NETs is oriented toward tumor stage, degree of differentiation, origin, functional activity, and receptor density.


Feminist art history came relatively late and somewhat incompletely to the analysis of architecture. While in a famous 1976 essay in Signs Dolores Hayden and Gwendolyn Wright articulated the depth of then-current research and analysis, even their worthy effort showed a clear emphasis on publications either in press or only recently published, and many of those were by authors that probably would not have embraced 'feminism' as a descriptive rubric for their work. Certainly important feminist art historical anthologies featured at least one article on architecture and a small literature grew around documenting women architects. When thought of comparatively, however, the number of these anthologies and articles on women in the profession were few. For obvious reasons, women as designers of what has historically been considered 'architecture' were themselves few and far between which made them even easier to ignore by the male-dominated practices of both architecture and architectural history. For every occasional mention or short article on Marion Mahoney, there existed ten new interpretations of Frank Lloyd Wright. If a passing reference was made to Denise Scott Brown, it was only to shed more light on Robert Venturi. Such a seeming dearth of historical subjects (particularly in any era prior to World War 2), as well as the difficulty of facing down the entrenched male establishment, did not deter scholars and led to many innovative and critical new research paths. Scholars beginning with Wright herself began to explore the important realm of domesticity, understanding that a light cast on less monumental structures and public traditions corresponded to the gendered control of space as it was distributed between men and women in many cultures. Further, Patricia Morton and others complicated definitions of the 'feminine' by separating out different ways in which architecture was claimed to be gendered by varied social groups. In addition, queer theory helped to bend these analyses further, noting that the fluid constructs of gender and sexuality played out in many ambiguous spaces, just as the desire of traditional patrons to regulate and carefully to demarcate stable male, heteronormative spaces was a losing battle given the historically contingent nature of masculinity and femininity. The continued criticism of the male-dominated fields of practice and scholarship remained (and remain) a leitmotif of the developing literature. We can now add Despina Stratigakos' excellent new book, A Women's Berlin. Building the Modern City, to this important scholarship. Stratigakos reveals the ignored history of women as architects, patrons and building users in Wilhelmine Germany. In this impressive book, Stratigakos engages many of the key approaches of feminist art history. She analyses the surprisingly large number of prominent women architects in the era (completely overlooked 231


The issue of fairness is a personal evaluation revealing the social economic relations, which is concrete and not abstract. The concept of fairness is a historic one and we cannot make a judgment on the level of fairness only through the idea of ethics. The appropriate standard for fairness should be based on whether it can develop the productivity or not.


A generalized mathematical model was developed for predicting effects of temperature-time history (TTH), protein concentration, and pH on the strength of heat-induced chicken myofibrillar protein gels. A pseudo first-order kinetic model was used to describe integral TTH effects of protein denaturation on an apparent viscosity index. A reaction threshold temperature of 30°C and a denaturation activation energy of 20 kcal/mole were calculated. No significant increase in viscosity index was observed at TTH values above 1.0 × 1010oK-sec. Maximum viscosity index was observed at pH 6.0. The effect of protein concentration on viscosity index was modeled as a logarithmic function. An a priori modeling approach based on fundamental theories can be used to predict the strength of gels under various processing conditions.


Considers the development of competitive intelligence as a formal discipline, noting that the use of competitive intelligence in Europe has been stimulated by developments in the USA. Notes that the pressure on companies to move from being competitor aware to being competitor intelligent is driven by the need to have a competitive strategy, the ability to use the intelligence once it is gathered to contribute to the bottom line, the ability to study competitors. In most European countries the developments which have resulted in a major intensification of competition between companies include: privatization; deregulation; liberalization; global marketing; periods of economic recession and reduced product and service differentiation. Consultancies providing competitive intelligence consist of competitive intelligence specialists, corporate investigators, secondary data feeders, benchmarking companies and market research organizations. Factors inhibiting the growth of competitive intelligence in Europe include data protection legislation, fear that competitive intelligence is unethical, counter intelligence, failure of competitive strategies to yield the expected gains. Concludes by discussing the role of the information manager in competitive intelligence gathering.


A constant false alarm rate in the presence of variable levels of noise is usually a requirement placed on any modern radar. The CA - and OS-CFAR detectors are the most widely used ones in the CFAR world. The cell-averaging (CA) is the optimu m CFA R detector in terms of detection probability in ho mogeneous background when the reference cells have identical, independent and exponentially distributed signals. The ordered-statistic (OS) is an alternative to the CA processor, which trades a small loss in detection performance, relative to the CA scheme, in ideal conditions for much less performance degradation in non-ideal background environments. To benefice the merits of these well-known schemes, two modified versions (MX- & MN-CFAR) have been recently suggested. This paper is devoted to the detection performance evaluation of these modified versions as well as a novel one (ML-CFA R). Exact formu las for their false alarm and detection performances are derived, in the absence as well as in the presence of spurious targets. The results of these performances obtained for Rayleigh clutter and Rayleigh target indicate that the MN-CFAR scheme performs nearly as good as OS detector in the presence of outlying targets and all the developed versions perform much better than that processor when the background environment is homogeneous. When compared to CA-CFAR, the modified schemes perform better in an ideal condition, and behave much better in the presence of interfering targets.


Star Wars Leia Boushh 12 inch Action Figure by Sideshow Collectibles see review, you will get discount or special price this product


The necessity to have an idea of an ideal society or ganization is an essential aspect of social theories. Sin ce Plato, Thomas Moore, Tommaso Campanella and other utopians an idea of the social being organization that would be the most appropriate for the majority of people has been developed. In the modern world and modern science this topic is as relevant as ever. The welfare achievement in various spheres is still important for humans today. It is worth mentio ning that for a number of national and regional soci eties the status of welfare is the major achievement. But it is impossible to affirm that this status looks seamless even in these societies at a sufficiently high level of well being in certain areas. It can be stated that there is a certain number of factors that put in question the keeping of the achieved level of well be ing, its maintenance and development. There are so me concerns that the welfare could be lost, at least, the social welfare. Therefore, the authors would like to draw attention to this issue in order to analyze the main challenges that exist today on the way to the so cial welfare society. The aim of this work is to assess the prospects of the social welfare society esta blishment and to develop some proposals for solving the main problems that appear on the way. The objec tives of the research are: analysis of the basic con cepts; apprehension of globalization and moderniza tion (information support) and evaluation of their role in establishment of social welfare society; search for solutions connected to overcoming the tendency of social irresponsibility society establishment and to defining possible ways to develop the social welfare society.


Objective To evaluate the curative effect and safety of intravenous injection piperacillin and sulbactam in treating severe pneumonia elderly patients in China.Methods The author randomly divided 66 patients who had been diagnosed of sever pneumonia in 2008 into a treatment group(n=33,using Piperacillin/Sulbactam),and a control group(n=33,using ceftazidime pentahydrate).Patients in the treatment group were injected with physiological saline(100 ml)and piperacillin/sulbactam,once in every 12 hours.Meanwhile,the patients in the control group were injected with ceftazidime pentahydrate(0.9%),physiological saline(100 ml)+ceftazidime pentahydrate(3.0 g),once in 12 hours.The period of treatment was 7~14 days.Results The curative efficiency for the treatment group and the control group were 84.85% and 60.61% respectively.It showed that the curative efficiency of treatment group was obviously higher than the control group.This contracted difference of curative efficiency was significant in statistics(χ2=4.889,P0.05).There was no distinctive different in respect of side effect(χ2=0.129,P0.05).Conclusion Piperacillin and sulbactam is a high efficiency antibiotic with low side effect in curing elderly patients′severe pneumonia.


Due to the digital transformation of the domestic economy, it becomes necessary to rethink the approaches to the management of the innovative activity of industrial enterprises. In this regard special attention should be paid to the construction of the structure and the content of elements of the new innovative subprocesses. As a result of the study there it is worked out a model of the development of innovative activity and the reserves for improving the efficiency quality of domestic industrial enterprises are determined.


The present invention relates to a system (1) having a vehicle headlamp (2) for illuminating an environment of a motor vehicle and connected one with the vehicle headlamp (2) control device (3), wherein the vehicle headlamp (2) at least one semiconductor light source (4) per having predetermined, horizontal angle range to produce a headlight, and the controller (3) is adapted to the semiconductor light sources (4) for the realization of at least one light function of the headlight individually to turn on and off, wherein the control unit (3) is arranged further to is different driving profiles parameters associated with sets of parameters for at least the. to use the process of turning on and off of the semiconductor light sources (4) for the realization of at least one light function. The present invention also relates to a method of controlling a vehicle headlamp (2).


Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a fibro-osseous lesion where normal bone and marrow is replaced with fibrous tissue, resulting in formation of bone that is weak and prone to expansion. It is classified according to the number of affected bones, and its association to endocrine alterations, that is, monostotic (80–85%), polyostotic forms (20–30%), and Albright's disease. Involvement of two or more bones is termed as polyostotic FD, a relatively uncommon condition. Here we report a rare case of polyostotic FD involving facial bones, orbital bones, sphenoid bone, and spine in a 21-year-old male patient.


As a light source of the optic sensor,the stability of output power of the semiconduct laser has a direct effect on the accuracy of the sensor.A driving circuit is designed according to the working principle and output characteristic of the light source for fiber-optic sensor applied in the low temperature.The driving circuit based on the automatic power controller(APC) is fabricated by slow-start circuit avoiding noise from power supply and prolonging the using time of the laser.The testing results show that the output power is very stable and the stability is superior to 0.5 %.


Analysis of fuel consumption is important in order to determine the performance of a Steam Power Plant. Excessive fuel consumption can reduce Power Plant efficiency. Efficiency of the Power Plant can be improved by replacing the type of fuel. The heating value of different fuels in each type will produce different combustion values. The heat of this combustion will affect the efficiency and fuel consumption. For this reason, an analysis of the effect of fuel replacement has been carried out on the performance and fuel consumption of the Steam Power Plant. This study analysis uses Cycle Tempo software. The fuel used is natural gas, residual oil or Marine Fuel Oil (MFO) and Biosolar B30. The results showed the highest efficiency produced by Biosolar B30 with value of 31.78%. The least fuel consumption is produced by natural gas fuel with total consumption of natural gas in 1 year of operations is 277.198 million liters/year. This study shows that although the highest efficiency is produced by Biosolar B30 fuel, the lowest amount of fuel consumption is produced by natural gas. The low calorific value of Biosolar B30 fuel causes the amount of fuel used during the combustion process to become more. High calorific value of natural gas fuel causes the amount of fuel consumption during 1 year of operation to be less. This causes the lowest fuel consumption value is produced by natural gas fuel.


The field of enterprise risk management (ERM) was born from corporate scandals early in this century. COSO published its Integrated Framework in 2004, outlining eight ERM components that, when present and functioning effectively, provide reasonable assurance an organization will meet its objectives. Since then, organizations have been increasingly urged to adopt risk oversight practices, with research conducted to measure the level of ERM framework adoption. These studies show varying levels of ERM application, with minimal evidence of ERM effectiveness. To consolidate existing studies, a fixed effects meta-analysis of proportions was conducted, revealing a 47.4% level of framework adoption. An experiment was also performed to determine the effectiveness of ERM methods. A test group was provided training on the ERM risk assessment method of heat mapping, versus a control group that learned ERM framework history. Both groups were provided a list of scenarios, and were asked to determine which risks should be mitigated. The testing group showed improvement in risk-reduction decisions, confirmed by a one-tail t -test, where t (46) = 3.57, p = 0.0004, and Cohen's d of 1.02, indicating a statistically significant difference in group means as a result of the treatment. These findings highlight an opportunity to conduct additional research to gain greater insight into organizations that have yet to adopt an ERM framework, while further analysis should also be conducted into the effectiveness of other ERM tools. Ultimately, this research provides greater impetus for ERM adoption, potentially critical protections against the next economic downturn. Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Education (EdD) Department Executive Leadership First Supervisor Jason Berman Second Supervisor Bruce Blaine Subject Categories Education This dissertation is available at Fisher Digital Publications: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/education_etd/18 Enterprise Risk Management: Framework Presence and Effectiveness By Erika P. McBride, CPA Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Ed.D. in Executive Leadership Supervised by Dr. Jason Berman Committee Member Dr. Bruce Blaine Ralph C. Wilson, Jr. School of Education St. John Fisher College


Template-directed photoligation with 5-carboxyvinyl-2'-deoxyuridine (CVU) can be used for genomic research, biotechnology and biomedical agents. However, in photoligation with CVU, a long photoirradiation time at 366 nm is required to complete photoligation. To overcome the limitation of photoligation with CVU, we synthesized new photosensitive probes in the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, as the best example of click chemistry.


Objectives: The aim of the study was to audit the prescription and dispensing pattern in a garment medical center to observe the rational use of drug. Irrational use of medicine is a global problem. Polypharmacy, injudicial use of antibiotics, unnecessary use of vitamins are commonly seen in Bangladesh. To find out the current status of the prescribing and dispensing practices and identify factors underlying irrational prescription writing in a Garment medical center for factory workers in Gajipur and to sensitize the future prescribers about the rational prescriptions, this study was carried out. Materials and methods : A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out to analyze the patterns of prescriptions by using World Health Organization , WHO/INRUD- core drug prescribing indicators and some additional indices. Place and period of study: A total of 300 prescriptions of the patients (garment workers) who had attended in Hannan Textile and Garment Medical Centre, Board Bazar, Dhaka, Bangladesh in between January and November'2008 were considered for analysis. Results: The average number of drugs per prescription was 3.1 and no single drug was prescribed by generic name. Use of antibiotic (50% of encounters) was frequent. Only 50.75% drugs were prescribed from national essential drug list (EDL). Percentage of encounters with an antiulcerant, a NSAID and a multivitamin & multimineral prescribed were 41.67%, 46.67% and 23.67% respectively. Conclusion: This study revealed some of irrational practices like poly pharmacy, overuse of antibiotics and vitamins, no use of generic names, and less prescribed from essential drug list. It is suggested that the periodic evaluation of prescribing practices at the healthcare facilities should be done by proper involvement of physician, nurse and pharmacist for the rational use of medicine. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v3i1.17978 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2013; 3 (1): 07-11


This paper presents an adaptive time-domain post-filtering technique based on the least squares approach and modified Yule-Walker (MYW) filter. Conventionally, post-filtering is derived from an original LPC spectrum. In general, this time-domain technique produces unpredictable spectral tilt that is hard to control by the modified LPC synthesis, inverse and high pass filtering and hence introduces muffling in the speech quality. Other approaches of designing post-filters were developed in the frequency domain which can only be used in sinusoidal based speech coders. We have also developed a new time-domain post-filtering technique which eliminates the problem of spectral tilt in the speech spectrum and can be applied to various speech coders. The new post-filter has a flat frequency response at the formant peaks of the speech spectrum. This post-filtering technique has been used in a 4 kb/s harmonic excitation linear predictive coder (HE-LPC) and subjective listening tests have indicated that this technique outperforms the conventional one in both one and two tandem connections.


Fission track (FT) ages of the Omine Acidic Rocks, one of the Tertiary granitic rocks which occurs in the Outer Zone of the Median Tectonic Line, Southwest Japan, are determined in order to assess the timing of intrusion. Nine FT zircon (ZR) ages and one apatite (AP) age are obtained for igneous rocks, and four ZR ages for basement sandstone. Data for each pluton are concordant within a body representing the time of intrusion. The ZR ages from sandstone are concordant with the nearest pluton. The ages of plutons are classified into two groups statistically, suggesting that the Omine Acidic Rocks formed by two intrusive events. The Dorogawa, Tenguyama, Shiratani and Katago-Mukuro Dike are the older group with the weighted mean age of 16.8 ± 0.8 Ma, and the Kose pluton are the younger with an age of 14.2 ± 1.7 Ma.


As EAI (Enterprise Application Integration) emerges, the concept of service components as complex standard objects becomes inadequate. A major strength of the object model is implementation hiding. The execution logic behind a method invocation is transparent to the user, and the assumption is that the signature of the method contains all the information the user needs to know. We suggest that in the problem domain in which service components are used, this assumption is too strong. For the services (methods) offered by a service component, a more comprehensive conversational schema replaces the basic invocation-result model of interaction. The conversation triggered by a service request may involve a number of different components in a number of different roles. We refer to these conversations as the observable behaviour of a component, and we propose they should be part of the meta-data exposed by a component.In this work, we propose a process-oriented approach to behaviour modelling for software components. An example of possible implementation for our proposal is given with reference to EJB (Enterprise Java Bean) components.


In this paper, we study the problem of Mandarin consonant/vowel separation which is an integral part of many Mandarin speech applications. We propose a deep neural network (DNN) based approach and compare its performance with the support vector machine (SVM) method. Our results demonstrate an improved separation performance yielded by the proposed method, especially on consonant identification.


Ten mite families belong to 2 suborders were collected from the red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferruginetts (Oliver) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and their habitats from Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Suborder Gamasida included 8 families (Trachyuropodidae Trematuridae, Uropodidae, Macrochilidae, Ascidae, Lealapidae, Sejidae and Digamasellidae). Thirteen mite species were isolated from adults, cocoon and core of palm tree. Trachyuropodidae was the most abundant family. Suborder Oribatida included 2 families (Oppiidae and gluminidae). Most of the surveyed families were found to be biological control agents against the red palm weevil.


A major problem in telemedical applications is the confidentiality and secured access to patient/medical records. The purpose of this investigation was to develop neural network models for speech-based speaker verification. Speech data was analyzed and fed to several neural networks. Based on the performance of the initial testing, the best five networks were recruited into the committee. The majority opinion of the committee was used to classify the designated individual and the imposters. The committee correctly verified the designated individual in 100% of the cases and rejected the imposters in 100% of the cases. The committee networks-based user verification has a significant potential for telemedical applications.


Test a large flow channel (near Lith) to test the way stone dumping is done. The research was necessary to develop stone dumping methods which were effective, but did not damage the piers of the Oosterschelde barrier. Model stones are in the order of 90 kg, so scale is 1:10.


Objective To investigate the effectiveness of exendin-4 on glucose level of streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods Male eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups: aqua-injected group, exendin-4 0.1 μg/g weight group, STZ group, STZ+exendin-4 (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 μg/g weight) groups. The blood glucose levels were determined on the first 10 days during the treatment and on day 12, 15, 18, 24 after the treatment. All mice were subjected to an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) on day 30. Results There was no statistical difference between the groups of aqua-injected group and exendin-4 groups 0.1 μg/g weight group during and after the treatment. As compared with STZ treated group only, STZ+varying doses of exendin-4 groups showed a lower blood glucose level throughout the study (P 0.05); the 0.1 μg/g weight dose gave the best result, there was no significant difference as compared with the aqua-injected group in normal mice (P 0.05), and there was no notable difference among the three groups after the treatment. The results of IPGTT on 30th day showed no distinct difference either.Conclusion Exendin-4 would not lead to hypoglycemia in normal mice but can improve the hyperglycemia in STZ-induced diabetic mice, it also has a prolonged effect on blood glucose level independent of dose.


The utility model discloses an extensible positioning pin mechanism used on an assembly checking tool. The extensible positioning pin mechanism comprises a positioning pin, an L-shaped support, an L-shaped fixing seat connected with one end of the L-shaped support, and a limiting screw, the L-shaped fixing seat is provided with a guide hole, an extension and contraction guide groove with an inverted-L-shaped section is formed in the side face of the L-shaped fixing seat, the positioning pin is positioned in the guide hole, the limiting screw is positioned in the extension and contraction guide groove, and one end of the limiting screw is in threaded connection with the positioning pin. The limiting screw and the positioning pin are in threaded connection and move up and down in the guide groove to realize extension and contraction of the positioning pin so as to meet requirements of extensible positioning of the assembly checking tool, the requirement on uniformity of the axial direction of the positioning pin and the normal direction of a positioning hole is met, and the requirement of hole positioning of an automobile covering part on the assembly checking tool is met. The extensible positioning pin mechanism used on the assembly checking tool has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation and low manufacturing cost.


PurposeThis paper presents the systematic process framework to develop the suitable crop insurance for each agriculture farming region which has individual differences of associated crop, climate condition, including applicable technology to be implemented in crop insurance practice. This paper also studies the adoption of new insurance scheme to assess the willingness to join crop insurance program.Design/methodology/approachCrop insurance development has been performed through IDDI conceptual framework to illustrate the specific crop insurance diagram. Area-yield insurance as a type of index-based insurance advantages on reducing basis risk, adverse selection and moral hazard. This paper therefore aims to develop area-yield crop insurance, at a provincial level, focusing on rice insurance scheme for the protection of flood. The diagram demonstrates the structure of area-yield rice insurance associates with selected machine learning algorithm to evaluate indemnity payment and premium assessment applicable for Jasmine 105 rice farming in Ubon Ratchathani province. Technology acceptance model (TAM) is used for new insurance adoption testing.FindingsThe framework produces the visibly informative structure of crop insurance. Random Forest is the algorithm that gives high accuracy for specific collected data for rice farming in Ubon Ratchathani province to evaluate the rice production to calculate an indemnity payment. TAM shows that the level of adoption is high.Originality/valueThis paper originates the framework to generate the viable crop insurance that suitable to individual farming and contributes the idea of technology implementation in the new service of crop insurance scheme.


Objective: To analyze the relationships among the antitumor effect of chemothermotherapy, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP–70) in the PC–3 prostate cancer cell line.Materials and Methods: Changes in cell proliferation, cell cycle fractions, intracellular ROS accumulation and HSP–70 expression were examined after thermotherapy of PC–3 cells at 41, 42, 43 and 44°C and/or simultaneous treatment with Adriamycin for 1 h, using the trypan blue dye exclusion method, flow cytometry, fluorescent 2′, 7′–dichlorofluorescein (DCF) assay, and Western blot analysis.Results: A significant decrease in the number of viable cells was observed with chemothermotherapy compared with thermotherapy at 42, 43, or 44°C (p<0.05). DNA distribution histograms revealed cell accumulation in the S–G2/M phase after thermotherapy at 43°C and after chemothermotherapy at 37, 41, 42 and 43°C. After thermotherapy and chemothermotherapy at 44°C, DNA histograms revealed no accumulation of cells with S–G2/M DNA content and cells exhibited a marked loss of viability. A significant increase in DCF production was observed with chemothermotherapy compared with thermotherapy at 42, 43 or 44°C (p<0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.01, respectively). HSP–70 levels increased linearly with increasing temperature. HSP–70 levels after thermotherapy and chemothermotherapy increased with time and reached plateaus at 30 min, whereas the level after thermotherapy at 44°C decreased at 60 min.Conclusions: In conclusion, one possible synergism in cytotoxic effects of chemothermotherapy and Adriamycin could be evaluated by the relationship between ROS accumulation and HSP–70 expression in the PC–3 prostate cancer cell line.


Abstract:  Background:  Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy is becoming increasingly popular as it has been shown to minimize donor morbidity, length of hospital stay and length of time to return to work. Initial experience suggested that kidneys procured laparoscopically had higher rates of delayed graft function and ureteric complications but with increasing experience, these complications have become less common.


The dynamics of granular material discharging from a cuboid but thin hopper, including the hopper flow and granular jet, are investigated via discrete element method (DEM) simulations. The slot width is varied to study its influence on the flow. It is found the flow in the cuboid hopper has similarity with the flow in two-dimensional (2D) hopper. When the slot width is large, the flowrate is higher than the predicted value from Beverloo's law and the velocity distribution is not Gaussian-like. For granular jet, there is a transition with varying slot width. For large slot width, there is a dense core in the jet and the variations of velocities and density are relatively small. Finally, the availability of continuum model is assessed and the results show that the performance with large slot width is better than that with small slot width.


Semiparametric inference with missing outcome data (including causal inference) is based on partially specified models which are not of direct interest (e.g., model for missingness/treatment assignment mechanism). Different class of estimators exist, which are more or less robust to misspecification of these models. Another type of threat to the validity of the inference occur in situations where some observations are contaminated (generated by some nuisance distribution). Classical semiparametric inference is not robust to such contamination, and a single observation may have an arbitrary large effect on bias as measured by the influence function. We introduce inverse probability weighted, double robust and outcome regression estimators of location and scale parameters, which are robust to contamination in the sense that their influence function is bounded. We give asymptotic properties and study finite sample behaviour. Our simulated experiments show that contamination can be more serious a threat to the quality of inference than model misspecification. An interesting aspect of our results is that the auxiliary outcome model used to adjust for ignorable missingness (confounding) is also useful to protect against contamination. We also illustrate through a case study how both adjustment to ignorable missingness and protection against contamination are achieved through weighting schemes, which can be contrasted to gain further insights.


We demonstrated that the remote PECVD process can be used to deposit heavily doped n-type and p-type a-Si:H thin films. We optimized conditions for depositing undoped, near-intrinsic and heavily doped thin films of {mu}c(microcrystalline)-Si by remote PECVD. We extended the remote PECVD process to the deposition of undoped and doped a-Si,C:H and {mu}c-Si,C alloy films. We analyzed transport data for the dark conductivity in undoped and doped a-Si:H, a-Si,C:H, {mu}c-Si and {mu}c-Si,C films. We studied the properties of doped a-Si:H and {mu}c-Si in MOS capacitors using {approximately}10 {Omega}-cm p-type crystalline substrates and thermally grown Si0{sub 2} dielectric layers. We collaborated with a group at RWTH in Aachen, Germany, and studied the contributions of process induced defect states to the recombination of photogenerated electron pairs. We applied a tight-binding model to Si-Bethe lattice structures to investigate the effects of bond angle, and dihedral angle disorder. We used ab initio and empirical calculations to study non-random bonding arrangements in a-Si,O:H and doped a-Si:H films.


Industrial wastewater treatment technologies at home and abroad in recent years are introducted, and an analysis of their advantages, advances and application scopes is given.


Lignocellulose is the most abundant regenerative raw material in the world and is therefore an important substrate for the conversion of biomass into biofuels and other high-value products. The efficient microbial degradation of plant biomass in nature requires a set of different enzymes that act in concert to degrade different parts of the lignocellulose molecule. For example, cellulases are responsible for cellulose hydrolysis, and peroxidases and laccases are the main enzymes for lignin degradation. One strategy for the generation of tailor-made enzyme cocktails is the production of specific combinations of different enzymes for different biomass sources. Because the best known biomass degraders are fungi, a eukaryotic expression system is preferable for the expression of biomass-degrading enzymes. We therefore chose the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis for the over expression of enzymes from fungi such as Trichoderma reesei and Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. K. lactis combines eukaryotic post-translational modifications with easy single-cell fermentation conditions. Furthermore, it can secrete the recombinant enzymes to avoid expensive and time-consuming downstream processing steps. Here, we demonstrate that K. lactis is an appropriate host for the production of recombinant enzymes that degrade lignocellulose, using the endoglucanase TrCel5A and the laccase PcLCC3-1 as examples. Both enzymes were secreted efficiently into the culture medium, and following affinity purification were active against the model substrates AzoCMC (TrCel5A) and ABTS (PcLCC3-1).


Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of ileal orthotopic neobladder and the modified mainz pouchⅡafter total cystectomy.Method:The ileal orthotopic neobladder and the modified mainz pouchⅡwere undertaken after total cystectomy for 64 cases. Continence and catheterization,volume and pressure of the reservoirs,image and hydroelectrolyte condition were investigated.Results: 49 cases with ileal orthotopic neobladder had a volume of 300-460ml and intrareservoir pressure of 12-18cm H_2O.Five cases were incon- tinent at daytime and seven at night whereas the other patients were continent;15 cases with modified mainz pouchⅡhad a volume of 310-500ml and intrareservoir pressure of 13-16cm H_2O.All cases were continent.Conclusion:The ileal orthotopic neobladder and the modified mainz pouchⅡcan achieve satisfactory clinical results.The life quality of ileal orthotopic neobladder is higher than that of modified mainz pouchⅡ,thus ileal orthotopic neobladder is a preferred procedure.


that the mammalian type-the most recently evolved of the vertebrate types-has not yet, in this particular, reached its ideal perfection. A good deal may, I think, be said in favour of this conjecture. The occurrence and proportion of uric acid in the urine of the various tribes of mammalia is remarkably inconstant. Meissner states that the urine of the carnivora does not always contain uric acid; in the urine of dogs and cats it was repeatedly found to be altogether absent. According to the same authority uric acid is only found regularly in the urine of these animals when fed on flesh and in the fasting state; it disappears when they are fed on food poor in albuminoid matters. Stadthagen found that in the urine of dogs fed on flesh the proportion of uric acid to urea ranged between 1 to 280 and ito 800. In the urine of rabbits uric acid is sometimes present and sometimes absent. Salomon found it always present in the urine of the pig, but only in small quantity; and its proportion to urea was only in the ratio of 1 to 150. In the case of man the quantity of uric acid excreted presents great individual variations, both in regard to its absolute quantity and in regard to its proportion to urea. The ratio of uric acid to urea in human urine appears to range between I to 30 and 1 to 50, and the ratio, according to Marts, is special for each individual. Dr. Haig estimates this ratio as 1 to 33, and he regards any deviation in the direction of plus or minus from this ratio as due either to temporary retention of uric acid in the body or to elimination of previously stored uric acid. If we look broadly at the renal function throughout the animal series, we see that in essence it consists in a provision for the elimination of waste nitrogen. This is a function of capital importance and necessity in the nutrition of animals, comparable to the excretion of carbon by the lungs; and according to all physiological analogies it must be at bottom one and the same throughout the animal kingdom. Starting from the highly complex albuminoid molecule, and descending by a train of intermediate steps, the histolytic process ends in some comparatively simple crystalline azotised body. The precise nature of the final term in the histolytic transformation is apparently of small significance, and seems to depend on what maybe described as the general convenience of the economy. It may be urea, uric acid, hippuric acid, or guanin, or a mixture of all these. And it is reasonable to assume that all these bodies are physiologically homologous, and that their broad physiological relations are identical. What urea is to the mammal, uric acid is to the bird and serpent; what urea is to man, urea with hippuric acid is to the horse and ox. The office of the kidnpys is to separate the final term of proteid metabolism, whatever that final term may be. These considerations roi It to the idea that the residuum of uric acid in mammalian urine may be something in the nature of a vestigial feature, analogous with the vermiform append'ix, the ductus arteriosus, or the ear point. These rudimentary structures aTe now regarded by biologists as indications of the line of ontological descent. On this view, the presence of uric acid in the mammal's urine should be regarded as a " memory " of some ancestral form which eliminated its nitrogen as uric acid. The extreme inconstancy of uric acid, both in rpgard to its presence and its proportion, in the urine of different species and of different individuals of the same species, agrees perfectly with this theory, for vestigial structures are conspicuous for their inconstaney. Such structures, also, like uric acid, although impotent for good, are sometimes powerful for evil.


: Generally, data mining (sometimes called data or knowledge discovery) is the process of analyzing data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information - information that can be used to increase revenue, cuts costs, or both. Technically, data mining is the process of finding correlations or patterns among dozens of fields in large relational databases. On the other hand Process mining is a process management technique that allows for the analysis of business processes based on event logs. The basic idea is to extract knowledge from event logs recorded by an information system. Process mining aims at improving this by providing techniques and tools for discovering process, control, data, organizational, and social structures from event logs. This paper mainly supports a "missing link" between data mining and traditional model-driven BPM. Its primary objective is the discovery of process models based on available event log data. The discovered process models can be used for a variety of analysis purposes. This article provides an introduction to process mining. It addresses basic concepts necessary to understand and apply process mining.


This paper focuses on major aspects for challenges of industrial water pricing in Mandalay. The situational analysis on water supply system in Mandalay was conducted by questionnaire survey based on literature. In Mandalay, it is categorized by three zones of water resources according to the depth of tube wells which can get enough volume of groundwater. At present condition, there are 12 booster pumping stations, two treatment plants and 33 tube wells for public water supply. However, public water supply does not cover the whole city and industrial water supply is still being lack. Most industries extract vast amount of groundwater and discharge contaminated water into the surface water sources. Infrastructure in water supply, public appreciation for the water value, public-private-partnerships, going green, climate change patterns and impacts, groundwater abstraction, groundwater regulations and industrial water tariff system are studied in Mandalay area. Based on this study, the main challenges concerned with industrial water pricing are identified for Mandalay area.


Shortly after the January 2006 Palestinian legislative elections won by Hamas, Russian President Vladimir Putin surprised much of the international community by inviting its leadership to Moscow. What was especially surprising about this move was that Hamas had not agreed to recognize Israel, renounce violence, or adhere to previous Israeli-Palestinian agreements -the conditions that the "Quartet" (the U.S., EU, UN, and Russia itself) had set for treating Hamas as a legitimate partner in the Israeli-Palestinian peace process.


The purpose of the study was cross-validation of Functional Transcranial Dopler (fTCD) with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) during complex activation paradigm in order to demonstrate that fTCD is non-invasive, reliable, easy-to-use, inexpensive method, which can be used as complementary tool in comparison with SPECT and other functional neuroimaging methods. Further on, fTCD is a practical and safe method in evaluation with SPECT which includes radiation exposure and is time-consuming. This study suggests that fTCD is sensitive method with high temporal resolution and can be used for detecting brain activation. Bilateral continuous middle cerebral artery (MCA) monitoring of 60 healthy, right-handed subjects with fTCD was performed while the subjects underwent an activation task with visuospatial elements, and the hemispheric blood flow velocity increase was calculated. Identical stimulus and response patterns were used in the subgroup of 15 subjects, which underwent SPECT, and the hemispheric perfusion increase was calculated. Statistical analysis showed significant correlation between fTCD and SPECT (r=0,5608; P=0,030; r2=0,3154) for: blood flow velocity (BFV) in the right MCA during activation-measured with fTCD and relative right-sided perfusion increase-measured with 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT. Results suggest that both methods only partially measure same features related to brain activation in specific cortical areas. Statistically significant and proportional correlation between activation and baseline measurement results was found for both methods according to the side (P<0,001, respectively). Significant non-proportional correlation of relative increase was found for all (except for SPECT right-side relative increase) which suggests that certain level of stability (plateau) during activation was achieved and that activation paradigm was correctly selected. Both methods (fTCD and SPECT) succeeded in discriminating brain activation. Statistically significant increase of cerebral blood flow was detected by fTCD and SPECT (P<0,0001), suggesting that both methods are sensitive for investigation of close relationship between brain activity and cerebral blood flow.


The lifting mechanism in self-reconfigurable robot has to lift the front robot when the robot system cross the obstacle like step,harmonic gear is a new gearing with high motion precision,big ratio,light weight,little volume and so on,the experiment has express that harmonic gear can satisfy the demand of the robot system to lifting mechanism excellently.


A technique has been developed for producing a flux of C 60 molecules in ultrahigh vacuum and has been used to grow fullerite films on iridium. The Auger spectrum of carbon from the fullerite has been obtained at high resolution (ΔE/E ≤ 0.1%). This spectrum has a characteristic shape which is different from the spectra of diamond, graphite single crystals, polycrystalline graphite, metal carbides, and SiC


An in situ synthesis method for carbon-coated LiFePO 4 powders has been investigated in detail using inexpensive FePO 4 as an iron source and polypropylene as a reductive agent and carbon source. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis of the precursor mixture indicated that the pyrolysis of polypropylene and the combination reaction of LiFePO 4 could be processed synchronously at a synthesis temperature between 500 and 800°C. X-ray diffraction analyses and scanning electron microscopy observations showed that LiFePO 4 /C composites with fine particle sizes and homogeneous carbon coating could be directly synthesized by the in situ method. The electrochemical performances of the carbon-coated LiFePO 4 powder synthesized at 700°C were evaluated using an electrochemical model cell by galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic voltammetry measurements. The in situ synthesized LiFePO 4 /C composite had a high electrochemical capacity of 164 mA h g - 1 at the 0.1C rate, and possessed a favorable capacity cycling maintenance at the 0.3 and 0.5C rates. The good electrochemical properties of the LiFePO 4 /C composite are suggested to originate from the good crystallinity, the fine particle sizes, and the efficient electronic conductive coating layer of the material.


Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection-Inspector General Reform Act of 2015 or the CFPB-IG Act of 2015 Amends the Inspector General Act of 1978 to repeal the authority of the Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to appoint the Inspector General of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB). Amends the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act to create an Inspector General for the CFPB. Requires the President, within 60 days after enactment of this Act, to appoint a CFPB Inspector General.


Review(s) of: A Farewell to Alms: A Brief History of the World, by Gregory Clark, (Princeton University Press, 2007, 440 Pages). Includes photos.


Virtual reality has been flourishing as an interactive information technology. Recently, virtual reality systems that feed back to human senses have only been realized as visual and acoustic feedback. However, they are not enough to realize the force feedback system for hands, arms, legs and so on. Furthermore, due to the ageing in Japanese society and the decreasing birthrate, an important problem of providing nursing care for the elderly has occurred. As a result, it is necessary to develop systems to aid in nursing care. The actuators required for such a system need to be flexible so as not to injure the body. The purpose of our study is to develop a flexible and lightweight actuator which can be safe enough to be attached to the human body. We propose new types of flexible pneumatic actuators that can be used even if the actuator is deformed by external force[1][2]. In this study, we tested rodless type flexible pneumatic cylinders. We also applied the tested cylinders as a rotary actuator.


A fixed combination of theory-based transport models, called the Multi-Mode Model, is used in the BALDUR [C. E. Singer et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 49, 275 (1988)] transport simulation code to predict the temperature and density profiles in tokamaks. The choice of the Multi-Mode Model has been guided by the philosophy of using the best transport theories available for the various modes of turbulence that dominate in different parts of the plasma. The Multi-Mode model has been found to provide a better match to temperature and density profiles than any of the other theory-based models currently available. A description and partial derivation of the Multi-Mode Model is presented, together with three new examples of simulations of the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) [K. M. McGuire et al., Phys. Plasmas 2, 2176 (1995)]. The first simulation shows the strong effect of recycling on the ion temperature profile in TFTR supershot simulations. The second simulation explores the effect of a plasma current ramp—w...


The first part of this thesis examines nitrogenase activity in Alnus,Myrica, Anabaena, Plectonema, and peat, with particular attention to field use of the acetylene reduction assay. The rate of nitrogenaseactivity was found to be very sensitive to temperature change, except for blue-green algae in reduced light. Low p0(_2) values reduce the rate of nitrogenase activity by nodules of Alnus and Myrica. Nitrogenase activity in Anabaena occurs at 40%oC in condition of low p0(_2) . Characteristics of acetylene reduction by peat indicate that the reaction is caused by a living enzyme. A mixture of aerobic and anaerobic conditions stimulates acetylene reduction by peat, therefore it is suggested that microbial associations may be important for heterotrophic nitrogen fixation in peat. Theoretical and practical aspects of the relationship between nitrogenise activity and temperature are discussed. The second part of the thesis is concerned with the distribution of certain elements, and heterotrophic nitrogenase activity in relation to peatland ecology. The nutrient ecocline in mires is defined by a floristic gradient, in relation to which the above mentioned factors are examined. Heterotrophic nitrogenase activity was estimated in peat collected from eleven different mire complexes; a trend of increasing activity was observed from bogs to rich fens, with a significant decline in extreme rich fens. The amounts of Ca, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Al, Mn and Zn, in peat and mire vegetation in relation to the ecocline are described, with nitrogen and phosphorus being discussed in detail. In rich mires, P, N and K are the elements most highly concentrated into the mire vegetation, in poor mires the most concentrated elements are N and Mn. With regard to cycling K, Mn, Zn and Na appear to be more mobile than other elements. The amounts of soluble N and soluble Pare, greatest in the peat from ombrotrophic sites, and in both cases becomes lower along the gradient in the direction of rich fens.


opacification D). At fibrotic bronchoscope the endo bronchial appearance was normal. Bronchial washings were cytologically and normal and we detected Pneumocystis Jirovecii in bronchoalveolar lavage by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Taken together, clinical and imagiologic data suggested a diagnosis of Pneumocystis Jirovecii pneumonia (PcP). The patient was treated with cortico therapy 40 mg/ day, with a progressive weaning and high-dose intravenous co-trimoxazole, with good response and he was then discharged on oral therapy 7 days after and completed 21 days of anti biotherapy with good response. Cerebral spinal fluid analysis revealed: glucose 105mg/dl, total protein 0,97g/L, VDRL 1/32 and a positive TPHA 1/2560. It was decided to treat the patient as a neurosyphilis, despite the lack of strong arguments for a neurologic involvement. The patient was treated for two weeks with penicillin G (4 million units intravenously every 4 hours).


Procrastination is the act of putting forward the work which has to be done at the present. The researchers have made an attempt to gather the opinions of the respondents on how procrastination is caused in banks, which factors leads to procrastination, the factors affecting procrastination, how it affect the life of an individual and the ways to overcome it through this study. The questioner by 20 employees of different banks were filled in Dec, 2019 and Statistical tools such as simple percentage cross tabulation and other simple tools are applied to analyze the result. It was found that in major activities of banks there exist procrastination due to different environmental, psychological and administrative factors and it has bad effect on working of banks functioning as well as in satisfaction of employees.


The heterotrophic marine dinoflagellate genus Protoperidinium is the largest genus in the Dinophyceae. Previously, we reported on the intrageneric and intergeneric phylogenetic relationships of 10 species of Protoperidinium, from four sections, based on small subunit (SSU) rDNA sequences. The present paper reports on the impact of data from an additional 5 species and, therefore, an additional two sections, using the SSU rDNA data, but now also incorporating sequence data from the large subunit (LSU) rDNA. These sequences, in isolation and in combination, were used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of the genus. The LSU rDNA trees support a monophyletic genus, but the phylogenetic position within the Dinophyceae remains ambiguous. The SSU, LSU and SSU + LSU rDNA phylogenies support monophyly in the sections Avellana, Divergentia, Oceanica and Protoperidinium, but the section Conica is paraphyletic. Therefore, the concept of discrete taxonomic sections based on the shape of 1′ plate and 2a plate is upheld by molecular phylogeny. Furthermore, the section Oceanica is indicated as having an early divergence from other groups within the genus. The sections Avellana and Excentrica and a clade combining the sections Divergentia/Protoperidinium derived from Conica‐type dinoflagellates independently. Analysis of the LSU rDNA data resulted in the same phylogeny as that obtained using SSU rDNA data and, with increased taxon sampling, including members of new sections, a clearer idea of the evolution of morphological features within the genus Protoperidinium was obtained. Intraspecific variation was found in Protoperidinium conicum (Gran) Balech, Protoperidinium excentricum (Paulsen) Balech and Protoperidinium pellucidum Bergh based on SSU rDNA data and also in Protoperidinium claudicans (Paulsen) Balech, P. conicum and Protoperidinium denticulatum (Gran et Braarud) Balech based on LSU rDNA sequences. The common occurrence of base pair substitutions in P. conicum is indicative of the presence of cryptic species.


Purpose
This paper aims to study the synergistic effect of graphene sponge on the thermal properties and shape stability of composite phase change material (PCM).

Design/methodology/approach
Graphene oxide sponge is first prepared from an aqueous solution of graphene oxide by freeze-drying method. The oxidized graphene sponge is reduced by hydrazine hydrate. Finally, use vacuum impregnation method to introduce paraffin into graphene sponge to prepare composite PCM.

Findings
Graphene sponge is used to improve the shape stability of paraffin wax and improves the thermal conductivity and latent heat of the composite PCM. The thermal conductivity increases by 200 per cent and the composite PCM has excellent reliability in 100 melt-freezing cycles.

Research limitations/implications
A simple way for fabricating composite PCM with high thermal conductivity and latent heat which has the potential to be used as thermal storage materials without container encapsulation has been developed by using graphene sponge and paraffin.

Originality/value
The materials and preparation methods with special structure and properties in this paper provide a new idea for the research of PCM, which can be widely used in the fields of energy conversion and storage.


Objective To investigate the frequency distribution of circadian clock gene period3 in Han Chinese.Methods Blood samples were collected from healthy Han Chinese volunteers.Genomic DNA was extracted from leucocytes.Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction.Results The genotype frequency of Han Chinese was 78.3% for PER34/4,20.0% for PER34/5,1.7% for PER35/5.The frequency distribution of per3 of Han Chinese was significantly different from that of Caucasians,African Americans and Italian(χ2=85.61,P0.01).Conclusion Per3 genotypic and allelic frequencies show significant difference between Han Chinese and Caucasians,African Americans and Italian.


The flow of slag and settling of matte in slag resistance electric furnaces are discussed in conjunction with furnace geometries, stirring action of the electrodes, buoyancy and electromagnetic effects, all of which obviously affect matte–slag separation and metal losses to the slag. The effect of change in slag composition upon such losses and the relationship between slag composition and slag–matte separation are also discussed on the basis of the laboratory tests conducted at 1400°C. The relationship between slag composition and matte–slag separation was found to depend primarily on the basicity ratio and the FeO content of the slag.

The rectangular electric furnace was regarded as a channel reactor. The flow is affected both by buoyancy and by electromagnetic forces, however, the effect of the latter is minimal. The flow velocity is made up of two components; (i) that developed by the action of the electrodes, and (ii) the bulk velocity determined by the smelting rate and the volume of the reactor. Slag samples were taken from various depths of the molten bath and were analyzed microscopically to determine the size and distribution of matte prills which would lead to the better understanding of the separation and settling behavior. The rectangular 6-in-line electrode furnace was also considered as made up of 6 separate reactors all of which are acting as continuously stirred settling/separation reactors connected in series. This attempt has led to the conclusion that, under the conditions of the electric furnace, the most effective length of the settler would be between about 13 and 86% of its total length.


Experiments were conducted to study the effect of different concentrations of spermine (Spm) on physiological indexes of detached leaves senescence of C oleifera.The results indicated that 0 1~0 2 mmol/L of Spm significantly delayed the leaves senescence of C oleifera by deferring the decomposition of chlorophyll and non water soluble proteins,remaining the activity of SOD,and reducing the accumulation of MDA.


Birdshead Cave lies in a fault scarp on the south side of the Owl Creek Mountains about 5 miles west of the entrance to Wind River Canyon, 23 miles north and west of Shoshoni, Wyoming, and 1 mile northwest of the old Burgess ranch buildings. It contained stratified deposits representing seven, perhaps even eight or nine, periods of occupation in six occupation levels covering a wide temporal range. The cave is approached by steep talus slopes broken by limestone rock ledges. It lies about 200 feet above the source of a spring of fresh, potable water emerging near the base of the scarp. The name, Birdshead, is that of an Arapaho Indian who was living at the old Burgess ranch, now part of the Arapaho Indian Reservation.


Bone marrow is a major source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), which are used in tissue engineering and other autologous stem cell therapies. Studies designed to use large canine models and translate the results to human practice must take into account the ex vivo and in vitro differences in the bone marrow samples. A set of morphological and physiological markers was used to compare MSC derived from canine and human bone marrow. Despite anticlotting treatment, frequent bone marrow clotting was a problem with canine samples, so we developed a protocol for enzymatic digestion of undesirable clots. We compared colony forming units (CFU) assay, population doubling time (PDT), senescenceassociated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity, as well as the ability of cells to differentiate to osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic phenotypes. Urokinase digestion resulted in recovery of MSC: 4-fold more CFU from canine and 1.6-fold more from human samples when compared to untreated samples. Canine MSC were less robust in vitro – they divided actively only for four weeks in culture, while human cells divided for longer than eight weeks. After six weeks in culture, canine MSC underwent 17 population doublings of while human cells reached 26. The percentage of senescent cells increased linearly with time, but with a faster rate in canine MSC. Human and canine MSC underwent differentiation to all lineages; however canine MSC had generally lower differentiation potential. In conclusion, the discrepancy between canine and human cultures must be considered in future MSC-based therapies based on dogs as animal model.


The verifiable delay function (VDF) is a cryptographic primitive that requires a fixed amount of time for evaluation but is still efficiently verifiable. VDFs have been considered a promising candidate for the core function for blockchain systems given these fast verification but slow evaluation properties. NUDUPL is a state-of-the-art algorithm for VDFs and revolves around a core computation involving squaring within class groups of binary quadratic forms. While prior work has focused on fast software implementations for this squaring, few papers have investigated hardware acceleration, and no prior works accelerate the NUDUPL algorithm in particular. Since the most time-consuming operation in the NUDUPL algorithm is an extended GCD calculation, we present an efficient design and implementation to accelerate this computation. We conduct a detailed study of the hardware design space and build an ASIC implementation for 1024-bit integers in an open-source 180nm-130nm hybrid technology (SKY130). Our design runs with a 3ns cycle time and takes an average of 3.7us per computation. After normalizing technologies for comparison, we achieve a VDF squaring speedup of 10X compared to the only prior class-group-based VDF accelerator and 4X compared to the Chia Network's software implementation, the highest speedup possible by accelerating only the GCD. We sped up the extended GCD calculation by 14X compared to the hardware implementation and 38X compared to the software. We make our entire codebase publicly available as part of our tapeout with the Efabless Open MPW2 shuttle sponsored by Google.


Because of the radically incarnational nature of the Christian understanding of ethics and bioethics, according to Kierkegaard, there has always been an infinite gulf between Christian bioethics and secular bioethics. However, the process of the secularization of the public square has made this gulf more apparent and salient for the current ethical debates in biomedicine and the culture more generally.


Abstract In tracking a manoeuvring target by radar system, the measurement noise is significantly correlated when the measurement frequency is high. Bogler's input estimation method with decorrelation algorithm is used to track the manoeuvring target. It is found that the decorrelation process may improve the system performance significantly when the target is in a quiescent period or in steady state of the accelerating period. The transient performance may be improved effectively by a modified method denoted as 'modified CHP algorithm'. The performance in the quiescent period can also be improved by adding a quiescent detector to the system.


The study included 303 patients (110 men, 193 women) with Stage I-III arterial hypertension (AH), aged 25–70 years (mean age 52±18 years). All participants were divided into two groups, comparable by age and sex distribution: Group A (n=151) – with metabolic syndrome (MS), and Group B (n=152) – without MS. Each group was divided into three subgroups, according to AH stage (I, II, III). All patients underwent clinical examination, 24-hout blood pressure (BP) monitoring, renal function assessment (glomerular filtration rate, GFR, and microalbuminuria, MAU). MS criteria were specified according to the recommendations by International Diabetic Foundation (IDF, 2005). The data obtained demonstrated that MAU was an early marker of renal pathology in AH, especially when combined with MS. MAU level was significantly higher in individuals with AH and MS, comparing to hypertensive participants without metabolic disturbances. Group A demonstrated significant correlations between MAU, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism parameters and circadian BP profile. GFR correlation with MS was substantially weaker.


In this paper, first we consider whether the fundamental groups of certain geometric 3-manifolds have FGIP or not. Next we give the sufficient conditions that FGIP for 3-manifold groups is preserved under torus sums or annulus sums and connect this result with a conjecture by Hempel [4]


Previous work has demonstrated that the exchange of CO between alveolar gas and pulmonary capillary blood is at least partially limited by the rate at which it can combine reversibly with intracellular hemoglobin. The relative importance of the rate of gas diffusion across the pulmonary membrane and the rate of gas uptake by the red cells in determining the over-all rate of alveolar capillary gas exchange has been expressed by the relation (1):


We have investigated the effect of externally applied constant electric field on the pattern formation in the acid-catalyzed chlorite–tetrathionate reaction. Using electric field separating the reactant anions and the autocatalyst cation, lateral instability can be induced while planar fronts can be stabilized with the electric field in the opposite orientation. A three-variable model describes the behavior of the system and the results are in good agreement with the experiments. Linear stability analysis has also been carried out to determine the onset of instability, and the simulations predict that the average wavelength does not vary significantly with increasing the separation of ions.


In building management systems (BMS), a medium building may have between 200 and 1000 sensor points. Their labels need to be translated into a naming standard so they can be automatically recognised by the BMS platform. The current industrial practices often manually translate these points into labels (this is known as the tagging process), which takes around 8 hours for every 100 points. We introduce an AI-based multi-stage text classification that translates BMS points into formatted BMS labels. After comparing five different techniques for text classification (logistic regression, random forests, XGBoost, multinomial Naive Bayes and linear support vector classification), we demonstrate that XGBoost is the top performer with 90.29% of true positives, and use the prediction confidence to filter out false positives. This approach can be applied in sensors networks in various applications, where manual free-text data pre-processing remains cumbersome.


This article identifies some of the ethical controversies surrounding the use of online therapy conducted via e-mail, chat rooms, or interactive video and identifies practical solutions for ethical dilemmas. Consensus on the subject is hard to find, and although many authors and organizations have offered their opinions, this has led to such variation in advice that psychologists considering expanding their practice to include online therapy would certainly be confused. This article is the product of an extensive literature review on the ethics of online therapy and seeks to operationalize what the field appears to agree are the major ethical issues. A set of practice suggestions based on the work of various authors and organizations are proposed rather than ethical standards or guidelines.


The use of program formats has slowly but surely developed into an important component of the television industry. This article examines the surprising gap between the constantly growing, multi-billion-dollar trade of program formats and their unclear and contradictory legal treatment. From both the social and commercial standpoints, television formats are valuable creations. Understanding the two products, the paper and program stages, of a television format and their respective markets, is fundamental to discussions of its legal protection. Interestingly, under current law, the less-developed stages of the process (program ideas and paper formats) are awarded more protection than the aired program format, which accumulates higher levels of investment, creativity, and expression. Internal industry mechanisms, such as vertical integration, damage to reputation, and industry institutions, exist in both markets and are still able to control and influence members' behavior to some extent. However, while the influence of internal industry mechanisms is still strong in the paper format market, in the program format market, which continues to grow, such mechanisms have weakened, amplifying the importance of a clear legal system. The absence of protection will certainly not completely eliminate the production of new program formats. However, these factors do not add up to a case against protection. The changes in the program format market in the last two decades support the theory that the overall effect of providing legal protection for TV formats would promote beneficial competition and encourage more original creations. The underlying question for television formats should not be whether to protect but rather how.


In order to be able to work well together as well as multi-user dynamic allocation of user rights requirements,and meet the growing refinement of a clear division of labor to ensure that enterprise information platform for the coordination of operational work of the convenient and quick.First,it describes the main form of user rights management,and analyses the realization forms of early user rights.Then,on the basis of contrasting with the form of general application management system of user rights and combining enterprise-class information management system's managing models,emphasize researching the classification design and the role allocated of users in workflow system.And then it mainly researches and designs the flexible management of user rights and dynamic allocation with the changing needs of business.Finally,it successfully realizes the design patterns of user rights dynamic allocation.


Wilbur Schramm (ed.) Quality in Instructional Television (Honolulu: University Press of Hawaii, 1973 - $5.00, paper) Ralph M. Jennings, Marcella Kerr and Truman E. Parker's Public Television Station Employment Practices and The Composition of Boards of Directors: The Status of Minorities and Women (Office of Communications, United Church of Christ, 289 Park Ave. South, New York 10010, January 1973 - $10.00, but free on request to poverty organizations and citizen-action groups) I. Keith Tyler and Catharine M. Williams (eds.) Educational Communication in a Revolutionary Age (Worthington, Ohio: Charles A. Jones, 1973 - $7.95) Dennis Benson's Electric Evangelism (Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon Press, 1973 - $3.95) G. William Jones' Landing Rightside Up in TV and Film (Nashville, Tenn.: Abingdon Press, 1973 - price not known, paper) Radical Software which is entitled "The TV Environment." Children's Television: Economics and Public Policy by William Melody (142 pp. spiral bound, $15.00) Network Programming and Ad...


The free station is one of the key technical support for ballastless track precise adjustment and smooth detection with the CPⅢ control network in high-speed railway,so research on how to achieve adjustment calculation correctly using the three kinds of observation of the free station to get the correct free station coordinates and their precisions is very important. The error equation about the direction,zenith angle and slope-distance observations for free station was set up.The solving formula for the approximate coordinates was derived and how to determine the observations weights was discussed.The correctness of the function model and the different methods of estimating weight was checked and analyzed by using indirect adjustment and the measured data.The correctness of the function model was verified,the three-dimensional adjustment calculation was got and the variance component estimation was conductive to get the conclusion of the correct coordinates of free station and their precisions.


CHICAGO—Serious and fatal drug reactions tripled between 1998 and 2005, according to a 2007 FDA analysis. In that time period, the total number of serious adverse drug events multiplied 4 times faster than the number of prescriptions written. The number of serious drug reactions for biotechnology agents rose nearly 18-fold (T Moore et al: Analysis of FDA reported post marketing ADR database, Arch Intern Med 167:1752-1759, 2007).


This chapter discusses the nature of the visual uncanny that is stimulated by domestic environments.  The artworks of which I am the author, are examples of the way the visual can present complex ideas about relationships and meaning.


Sustainability work should be incorporated into design, as the ways things are designed contribute to the negative impact on the environment. However, there are many different ways of working with sustainability and the product designer must choose their own approach to adopt, but how? Building upon an analysis of design literature theory, this paper first detects and describes six different roles of designers. These are the problem-solver, the reconciler, the problem-framer, the interpreter, the change-maker, and the facilitator. Secondly, if the designer can establish which role they identify with, this may guide their sustainability approach. The paper establishes suitable sustainability approaches for all six roles, noting that some are more suited to work with the reduction of the ecological footprint of products, e.g. the problem-solver and reconciler, while others should approach sustainability through designing for societal and cultural change, e.g. the interpreter and the change-maker.


The resistance of steels to HIC is normally evaluated by standard tests such as NACE TM-02-84. This test alone in not enough to obtain necessary information required to develop new products. The object of this paper is to present a series of additional tests which could examine main metallurgical factors that influence HIC nucleation. These tests have been found to be adequate enough to design new steels with increased resistance to HIC. (author). 14 refs., 5 figs., 4 tabs.


Transportation policy has long been concerned with the achievement of direct outcomes (e.g., maximum mobility, reduced unit travel times, increased access) and with indirect outcomes (e.g., regional economic development). More recently, a distinct concern has arisen about equity and justice in transportation and, in a broad sense, about whether all transport system users have equal access and fair burden and benefit distributions. The equity policy framework in the United States rests on and is closely bound up with the post–Civil War struggle for civil rights. This paper (a) describes what American conceptions of civil rights have come to mean in U.S. policy and legal spheres, (b) discusses the extent to which transportation is seen as a civil right, (c) discusses what the limits of those rights are and how those definitions have changed over time, and (d) suggests some current issues for U.S. policy makers that, going forward, must be considered in a civil rights approach to transportation equity.


The results of medical examination of 137 children at the age of 3 6 years old are given in the article. All the children are being brought up in children's community. The children's blood was tested with the help of immunoferment assay for the purpose of finding serology markers of herpetic infections. In the process of work sufficiently high rate of children infection (being brought up in children' community) with Herpesviridae kind of viruses was detected, the majority of children are infected in the tender age. The more extended antigenic load takes place in case of Epshtein-Barr virus infection, very likely it is so as the result of more expressive affect of the given immunal suppressive infective agent.


Due to the expeditious growth of digital industry, the transistor based CMOS technology endures serious challenges due to the scaling of the device dimensions at nano scale. Quantum Dot Cellular Automata is an emerging domain in the province of nanotechnology that uses quantum dots to process and transfer information which works on the combined postulates of quantum mechanics and cellular automata to overcome the disputes of the transistor technology. This paper has demonstrated the use of Layered T gate for designing binary to gray code converter based on Quantum Dot Cellular Automata. The paper has also presented the application of binary to gray code converter for error corrections in communication systems. The proposed design is superior as compared to the existing designs in terms of cell count, area and latency. The layout has been generated and functionality of the design has been verified using the QCA Designer simulation tool.


(1) Citation for material from an editorial: Schlosser, R. W., & Sigafoos, J. (2007). Moving evidence-based practice forward [Editorial]. Evidence-Based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 1, 1–3. (2) Citation for an article from the EBP Advancement Corner or EBP Speaker's Corner: Straus, S. E. (2007). Evidence-Based health care: Challenges and limitations. Evidence-based Communication Assessment and Intervention, 1, 48–51. (3) Citation for a Structured Abstract: Oates, J. (2007). A four-factor acoustic model provides an objective index for assessing dysphonia severity. [Abstract]. Evidence Based Communication Assessment and Intervention. 1, 8–9. Abstract of Awan, S. N. & Roy, N. (2006). Clinical Linguistics and Phonetics. 20, 35–49.


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ABSTRACT Rice Yellow Mottle Virus is specific to Africa. It was first noticed in Kenya, East Africa in 1966. It is said to have come to the foreground with the introductions of exotic rice (Oryza sativa L.) from Asia into the continent. It is evident that the indigenous rices (Oryza glaberrima Steud., O. longistaminata Chev. et Roehr., O. barthii Chev., Leersia spp., O. punctata Kotsky et Steud.), are more tolerant of the virus. The virus belongs to the Sobemovirus group and is very stable and highly infectious. It is very destructive and therefore threatening rice production in Africa. Thus, hypotheses on how it evolved, and information on its distribution, economic significance on sustainable rice production and management strategies are discussed.


Government of Assam holds a Combined Entrance Examination (CEE) for admission to the MBBS/BDS/BAMS/BE and B.Tech. programmes in different government and private medical and engineering colleges/institutions of Assam. Admission of students in these programmes is done on the basis of the scores obtained in the CEE only. The performance in the +2 level Board examination is taken only as the eligibility criterion. As a result, a number of students securing high positions in the Board examinations conducted by Assam Higher Secondary Council (AHSC) or CBSE fails to qualify in the CEE. They cannot pursue engineering or medicine in spite of securing high positions in the Board examination. Moreover, the Combined Entrance Examination (CEE) put emphasis basically on theoretical knowledge, whereas the programmes in engineering and medicine demand practical skills along with the theoretical knowledge. Thus a need is felt to re-examine the criteria for admission to the engineering and medical courses offered in different institutes of Assam. The study reveals that no minimum cut-off marks in CEE is specified for a candidate taking admission in the BE/B.Tech courses. A candidate may be placed in the merit list even if she/he gets zero in the CEE. There is a provision of awarding bonus marks to the sons and daughters of the employees of the Department of Technical Education for admission to the engineering courses. However, such provision is not given in case of medical admission.


New antibiotic compounds, melithiazols, were isolated from the culture broth of strains of the myxobacteria Melittangium lichenicola, Archangium gephyra, and Myxococcus stipitatus. The compounds belong to the group of beta-methoxyacrylate (MOA) inhibitors and are related to the myxothiazols. The melithiazols show high antifungal activity, but are less toxic than myxothiazol A and its methyl ester in a growth inhibition assay with mouse cell cultures. The melithiazols inhibit NADH oxidation by submitochondrial particles from beef heart. Melithiazol A blocks the electron transport within the bc1-segment (complex III) and causes a red shift in the reduced spectrum of cytochrome b.


Rapid economic, political, social, and technological changes have left many people in the world feeling anxious and longing for the known, the predictable, and the safe. At the same time, globalisation has opened up a realm of alternative subjectivities for many in the global South: other imagined presents and futures (Appadurai 1990, 1996; Trouillot 2001; Liechty 2002; Besnier 2011). This process of imagining other life possibilities begets new desires, both bodily and material. In this novel world of alternatives to life-as-it-is-lived-here, Tsing's (1993) concept of 'out-of-the-way' takes on a new, relative quality. It disrupts previous fixed core/periphery models of globalisation, in which flows radiate from urban centres to remote peripheries, by changing the perspective to that of individuals. Individual definitions of outof-the-way shift, as people originate in various locations and move around in search of the possible. This flexibility – the transcending of place and a fixed perspective – is the concept's theoretical potential, and the reason why the contributors to this special issue expand Tsing's original definition and apply it to understanding the production and management of intimacy, the body, and sexual relations. In diverse ways, anthropologists have explored and theorised margins (Das & Poole 2004), borders (Donnan & Wilson 1999; Mignolo 2000; Kearney 2004; Green 2006), and edges (Besnier 2007) of countries, places, and the global. Each variation of this concept – margins, borders, and edges – contributes a distinctive perspective for recognising and analysing local–global intersections within everyday lived experience. For our purposes, however, Tsing's (1993) conceptualisation (cf. Piot 1999) of the out-of-the-way speaks most provocatively to the intimate spaces of social life and the unexplored folds, fringes, and morally troubling cavities of gendered bodies. The people with whom we work – in Nepal,


We perform an extensive comparison of relational consistencies along four dimensions: on binary constraints, on non-binary constraints, on encodings of non-binary constraints, and on decomposable non-binary constraints. Our results contain some surprises. For example, on binary constraints, relational path-consistency does not reduce to path-consistency. On non-binary constraints, relational arc-consistency is incomparable to generalized arc-consistency, whilst strong relational arcconsistency dominates generalized arc-consistency. We also present results on inverse, interval and conjunctive consistency.


It is very important to deal with the relationship between design transport capacity and design traffic volume under the condition of market economy. This paper expresses the ideas and proposes the suggestions of the author to deal with the relationship between transport capacity and traffic volume in design based on the reliability of design traffic volume and variable factors of design transport capacity.


A method of obtaining the response of a non-linear system is proposed, which involves imposing the solution upon the equations of motion for a linear system and solving using selected modes of vibration. Contribution from the remaining modes of the system is included in terms of their quasi-static response. The method is developed and illustrated with reference to a system with material non-linearity and special reference is given to the dynamic analysis of embankment dams.


Objective: To study the efficacy of Livial (Tibolone) treatment in increasing the height of Turner patients. Method: 7 cases of Turner patients were reviewed to evaluate the change of height after treatment with Livial. Results: Livial treatment showed a definite positive effect on increasing the height of Turner patients. The mean height increased(2.2±1.4)cm in the group received 3 months' treatment and(9.6±2.7)cm in the group received 24~36 months' treatment. The amplitude of height increase correlated with the duration of Livial treatment. The total increase and final height were possibly related to the duration, dosage and beginning age of Livial treatment. No side effects were found during treatment. Conclusion: The preliminary result showed that the Livial treatment was a safe, effective, convenient and hopeful method for increasing the height of Turner patients.


PURPOSE: A film for shielding electromagnetic waves from a cellular phone is provided to effectively shield electromagnetic waves by including a metal layer on the surface of back surface of a part except the part corresponded to a touch input screen. CONSTITUTION: A transparent film(10) is attached on a screen of a cellular phone. The transparent film is made of a synthetic resin film having thermal resistance. An opening(13) for receiver and an opening(15) for camera are formed on the upper part of the transparent film. A metal layer(20) is formed on the surface or the back surface of a part except the part(12) corresponded to a touch input screen of the transparent film. A protective film has the same shape and size as that of the transparent film.


This paper presents an engineering approach to derive the optimum price levels of transacted power. In this paper, with the assumption that power import is possible through the system connection in Northeast Asia regions, the upper price limit of imported power deserving economic efficiency was derived with respect to the time and amount of power import. The proposed approach was demonstrated based on the data from the National Power Development Planning in 2004 with the WASP model.


Hardware implementations of the well-known Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) algorithm have been shown to be vulnerable to power and fault analysis (FA) attacks. To implement protected designs of RSA-Chinese remainder theorem in embedded devices, like smart cards or RFIDs, the one needs to find solutions which require less computations as well as incurs low storage overheads. One such efficient scheme was proposed by Joye et al. in CHES'02 and it was claimed to be secure against both simple power analysis (SPA) and FA attacks. In this study, the authors demonstrate a template attack (TA) against Joye's countermeasure and show that the scheme can be broken with a low number of power traces. In addition, the authors report the experimental results of the proposed attack against an implementation of Joye's scheme on a Xilinx Microblaze soft-core processor of SASEBO-W standard side-channel analysis board. The authors used least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) based binary classifiers to analyse the collected power traces. The authors also describe the potential threat posed by cache timing attacks on Joye's ladder in presence of a concurrently running spy process and outline a probable countermeasure to the posed attacks.


A long-standing problem in the field of Business Process Management (BPM) is that of constructing accurate and reliable models for "what-if" business process analysis (digital process twins). This paper formulates this problem in a general setting and spells out associated challenges. The paper suggests that this problem can be addressed by combining observational data, experimental data, and domain knowledge using hybrid modeling methods drawing from the fields of discrete event simulation, machine learning, and causal inference.


Reliability is one of the most important challenges for the modular multilevel converter (MMC), which is composed of a large number of power electronics submodules (SMs). In order to increase the system reliability, the reserved SMs are often utilized. A novel strategy is proposed in this paper to implement the fault-tolerant control of MMC with the hot reserved SMs based on the carrier phase shift modulation. All the SMs, including the hot reserved SMs, work in the operating mode and the standby mode in turns. A rotating sliding choice box is adopted to select the operating SMs and the corresponding phase-shift angles, which enables the equal burden of each SM. Once the faults are detected and localized, the reserved SMs can simultaneously replace the bypassed failed SMs, which guarantees the fault-tolerant operation with a nearly seamless transition and very short recovery time. Furthermore, the line cycle is set as the rotating period in the control strategy, without increasing much switching loss. The mismatch pulses are greatly reduced as well. This technique can also be easily implemented in a DSP or microcontroller. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and experiments based on a downscaled MMC prototype have verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.


Malcolm Turnbull's digital overhaul of government services is a good idea, writes Tim Lohmann. But for it to succeed it needs to be able to be used by everyone.


This paper expounds the social significance of Hemiugway' s women characters. Through his colorful characterization, Hemingway exposes the social contradictions, the physical and psychic traumas the women had in the war and depicts these women characters' pursuit of normal life, true love, and domestic happiness even in the turbulent and dangerous conditions of the war.