Experiment and numerical calculation were made on the multi-dimensional behavior of upward gas-liquid bubbly flow in a vertical pipe with an axisymmetric sudden expansion. The variation of the void fraction distribution in the sudden expansion was measured at the different axial and radial positions using a point-electrode r sistivity probe for various gas and liquid flow conditions. Based on the measured void fraction distribution i the sudden expansion, the axial profiles for the phase distribution parameters were evaluated in the sudden expansion. Numerical calculations were carried out to predict the cross-sectional veraged void fractions along the flow direction by using the one-dimensional two-fluid model considering the phase distribution parameter to verify the applicability ofthe computations. From these results, it concretely pointed out that some multi-dimensional modeling or modifications for numerical simulation would be needed and the distribution parameter was one of the most important parameters for one-dimensional two-fluid model to evaluate accurately the void fraction distriblltions affected by the multi-dimensional channel geometry.


The goal of vector quantization is to use a few reproduction vectors to represent original vectors/data while maintaining the necessary fidelity of the data. Distributed signal processing has received much attention in recent years, since in many applications data are dispersedly collected/stored in distributed nodes over networks, but centralizing all these data to one processing center is sometimes impractical. In this paper, we develop a distributed vector quantization (VQ) algorithm based on Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence. We start from the centralized case and propose to minimize the K-L divergence between the distribution of global original data and the distribution of global reproduction vectors, and then obtain an online iterative solution to this optimization problem based on the Robbins-Monro stochastic approximation. Afterwards, we extend the solution to apply to distributed cases by introducing diffusion cooperation among nodes. Numerical simulations show that the performances of the distributed K-L–based VQ algorithm are very close to the corresponding centralized algorithm. Besides, both the centralized and distributed K-L–based VQ show more robustness to outliers than the (centralized) Linde-Buzo-Gray (LBG) algorithm and the (centralized) self-organization map (SOM) algorithm.


SUMMARY This case concerns a four month old infant suffering from the atypical Kawasaki disease that developed coronary complications despite a treatment with IVIG by the tenth day of illness. Although incomplete presentation, at the sixth day of high fever, being now an almost certain suspicion of the disease, the patient was treated with IVIG (a single administration of 2g/kg infused over 12 hours) and acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/day divided into three daily doses). After this treatment, there has been a considerable improvement in clinical objectivity and a gradual normalization of laboratory tests. Despite the timeliness of diagnosis and the therapy with IVIG performed within the first ten days from the onset of illness, echocardiography showed the occurrence of coronary ectasia of the right, the left and the anterior descending artery.


No long‐term advantage of the laparoscopic approach has been demonstrated in colorectal surgery. This study compared the risk of incisional hernia between laparoscopic and open surgery for rectal cancer.


Population characteristics of gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum (Lesueur), an ecologically important fish species in Midwestern and southern USA impoundments, vary widely among water bodies. Impoundment productivity is known to influence population variables (e.g., recruitment, growth, mortality, size and age composition), but the role of impoundment morphometry (e.g., surface area, depth) is unknown. Differences in population characteristics of gizzard shad were compared between large and small impoundments across an impoundment–productivity gradient (indexed by total phosphorus [TP] concentration). Populations shifted from those comprised mostly of low abundances (indexed by catch per unit effort [CPUE], fish/hr of electric fishing) of long-lived, large adults to those comprised of high abundances of short-lived, small adults as TP increased. However, the trends in population variables across the TP gradient were less apparent in small impoundments than in large impoundments owing to considerable variation at a given TP level. Further analysis revealed that CPUE of gizzard shad was lowest in the smallest impoundments (<33 ha surface area) regardless of TP concentrations, probably because of more frequent winter kills. Overall, population characteristics were influenced by both density-dependent effects and impoundment characteristics. Characteristics of gizzard shad were highly variable among populations, which have important consequences for ecosystem structure and function.


Guide vanes (13a, 13b, 13c, 13d) for an energy converting machine (1) are provided, wherein the guide vanes comprise guide vane bodies (17a, 17b, 17c, 17d) for guiding a streaming fluid, the guide vane bodies having pressure surfaces (27c, 27d) and suction surfaces (29c, 29d); trailing edges (35c, 35d) and leading edges(33c, 33d), and winglets (19a, 19b, 19c, 19d) for reducing leakage of the streaming fluid from the pressure surfaces to the suction surfaces, wherein the winglets are arranged at the longitudinal ends of the guide vane bodies, the winglets (19a, 19b, 19c, 19d) extent from the trailing edges (35c, 35d) to the leading edges (33c, 33d), the winglets (19a, 19b, 19c, 19d) are arranged at the pressure surfaces (27c, 27d), and the winglets (19a, 19b, 19c, 19d) are free of protrusions beyond the leading edges (33c, 33d) and beyond the trailing edges (35c, 35d). Further, a machine (1) for converting energy comprising the guide vanes is provided.


The development of naval broadside tactics and practice is discussed. The technology of smooth bore ordnance is examined, with an account of naval gunfiring trials. The fundamental purpose of gunnery at sea — damage to ship structure and casualties sufficient to disable an enemy ship — is reviewed.


Field experiments with ZC6P11 were conducted to control the diamondback moth(DBM) Plutella xylostlla (L.).The results indicated that when ZC6P11 using 1:1000-8000 was applied only once in peak phase of 1-2 instar larvae,it showed better control effects on DBM,of which 1:1000-4000 was the best concentration.After 3-7 days the control effects reached the maximum and could last for 7-11 days.During the experiment period,the tested crops showed no phytotoxicity phenomenon.The workers also showed no discomfort able reaction during and after pesticides application process.Therefore,ZC6P11 was worthy to be popularized as an alternative in vegetable plantations.


Review of data for a ten-year period on culture vs. guinea pig inoculation for the diagnosis of tuberculosis indicates that animal inoculation was far superior to culture. This was consistently true each year. During this time, in 53 (14.8%) of 358 specimens the disease would not have been diagnosed if only cultures had been used to isolate the organism. The 53 specimens represented 38 patients. This contrasts with five specimens that were positive by culture only. The data indicate that both culture and guinea pig inoculation should be used for detecting mycobacteria. Cultures are necessary for isolating the atypical mycobacteria frequently found in lesions clinically and histologically resembling those due to tubercle bacilli. Care should be taken to have the guinea pigs on a diet free from antibiotics, which might give the effect of prophylactic chemotherapy.


The basic formulae of hyperspherical trigonometry in multi-dimensional Euclidean space
are developed using multi-dimensional vector products, and their conversion to identities
for elliptic functions is shown. The basic addition formulae for functions on the 3-sphere
embedded in four-dimensional space are shown to lead to addition formulae for elliptic
functions, associated with algebraic curves, which have two distinct moduli. Application
of these formulae to the cases of a multi-dimensional Euler top and Double Elliptic
Systems are given, providing a connection between the two.
A generalisation of the Lattice Potential Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (LPKP) equation is
presented, using the method of Direct Linearisation based on an elliptic Cauchy kernel.
This yields a (3 + 1)-dimensional lattice system with one of the lattice shifts singled out.
The integrability of the lattice system is considered, presenting a Lax representation and
soliton solutions. An associated continuous system is also derived, yielding a (3 + 1)-
dimensional generalisation of the potential KP equation associated with an elliptic curve.


Background: The accumulation of deleterious mutations of a population directly contributes to the fate as to how long the population would exist. Muller's ratchet provides a quantitative framework to study the effect of accumulation. Adaptive landscape as a powerful concept in system biology provides a handle to describe complex and rare biological events. In this article we study the evolutionary process of a population exposed to Muller's ratchet from the new viewpoint of adaptive landscape which allows us estimate the single click of the ratchet starting with an intuitive understanding.


The ultimate bearing capacity of thin-walled rectangular-section columns (which is welded by channel section steel plate) using 18Mn2CrMoBA high strength steel in bending and axial compression was studied by finite element method. The influence of slenderness ratio, flange width-thickness ratio and section side ratio on the ultimate bearing capacity of member was studied. The calculation method for ultimate bearing capacity of member was proposed on the basis of previous study (which can be found reference document) and many numerical calculation results. Results show that the moment-compression interactive curve changes downward concave from upward bulge with the increasing of slenderness ratio, the ultimate bearing capacity was reduced with the flange width-to-thickness ratio and section side ratio increased, the effects of these parameters were interactive. The proposed calculation formula is in good agreement with the finite element numerical results.


In image processing, particularly in image reduction, averaging aggregation functions play an important role. In this work we study the aggregation of color values (RGB) and we present an image reduction algorithm for RGB color images. For this purpose, we define and study aggregation functions and penalty functions in product lattices. We show how the arithmetic mean and the median can be obtained by minimizing specific penalty functions. Moreover, we study other penalty functions and we show that, in general, aggregation functions on product lattices do not coincide with the cartesian product of the corresponding aggregation functions. Finally, we make an experimental study where we test our reduction algorithm and we analyze the stability of the penalty functions in images affected by noise.


This publication presents the workflow and technology used to generate a large-scale 3D pore pressure prediction volume over the Central Graben Basin in the UK North Sea.


ABSTRACT Infectiou s diseases such as diseases that can be prevented by immunization remains a problem in Indonesia, one of which is measles. The government has sought to prevent through measles immunization in infants aged 9 months. Seeing the efforts that have been made through measles immunization program and still finding measles in the community, it is necessary to evaluate the success of programs related to the measles immunization. This study was conducted to determine the problems that occur in terms of recording and reporting of data related to measles immunization in particular measles immunization data quality. The population was 5 posyandu with the highest number of children under five in the region of new health centers Gunung Anyar city of Surabaya. The number of respondents is as much as 50 respondents with details of each neighborhood health center will take 10 respondents. The sample selection is done through a rapid survey method. The variables studied were the quality of immunization data on books maternal and child health card or other health records compared with immunization data on a cohort book. Other variables are the quality of data on infants in posyandu regiter book by book cohort. The results showed that the percentage of the suitability of the data of measles in the community with book five cohort remains low in the neighborhood health center. Meanwhile, the percentage of suitability daata on the register books with babies in posyandu cohort book is also fairly low. This suggests that the quality of data recorded measles immunization is relatively low. Keywords : immunization, measles,infant recording, reporting


The objective of this research is to present an ecoregional model based on principle components analysis(PCA),cluster analysis(CA),discriminant analysis(DA) and spatial autocorrelation analysis(SAA).The model was applied to establish the ecoregions of lake nutrients in Hubei Province.First,principle components analysis was applied to reduce the feature space dimensionality of the indices,and to build new complementary indices which could synthetically reflect the conditions of lakes and build an index system of ecoregions of lake nutrients in Hubei province.Then,initial classification of lake drainage area was carried out by cluster analysis.The categories of non-lake drainage areas could be identified by discriminant analysis.Spatial distributing pattern of principal components in the region were analyzed quantitatively by spatial autocorrelation method.The association and difference of spatial characters between classification districts and the scattered regions were achieved.Therefore,the divisional boundary was established,and the ecoregion of lake nutrients was accomplished.These results indicated that the ecoregion model was appropriate and feasible to achieve the objective results of ecoregion,and could avoid human interference.


In these notes, I give a simple introduction to the tremendous progress that has been made during the last few years towards the understanding of strong-coupling phenomena in quantum gauge theories and superstring theories.


Sympathetic neural factors exert a key role in homeostatic blood pressure (BP) control, and activation of the sympathoadrenal system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. Data have shown that plasma norepinephrine is increased in essential hypertension and that this is also the case for systemic and regional norepinephrine spillover, as well as for the sympathetic nerve firing rate in the skeletal muscle nerve district. Sympathetic activation is a peculiar feature of essential hypertension, particularly in its early stages, and has been reported in normotensive relatives of hypertensive patients before the onset of hypertension. The adrenergic activation characterizing hypertension may also promote the development and progression of the cardiac and vascular alterations that lead to hypertension-related morbidity and mortality, independent of BP values.


The KCNJ11 (potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11) gene is located in BTA15, near a quantitative trait loci for meat tenderness. In this study, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were described in KCNJ11 and associated with Warner ? Bratzler shear force (WBSF) at different aging times: 1 d after slaughter (WBSF0), after 7 d (WBSF7) and 14 d (WBSF14) of aging. Fourteen steers of Nelore breed, characterized as extreme for the distribution of WBSF0 in a half-sib population of 500 progenies from 32 sires, were selected for sequencing.


This paper investigates a passive hybrid configuration consisting of a fuel cell stack and a supercapacitor bank. In this configuration, the fuel cell and the supercapacitor are directly connected in parallel without the use of any DC/DC converters. Extensive experiments are performed on the fuel cell stack, the supercapacitor bank, and their passive hybrid connection. The internal impedance of the supercapacitor bank is 10 times lower than that of the fuel cell stack. The hybrid system shows a capacitive behavior in the selected frequency range, as given by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results. For the fuel cell stack, its voltage response to the step load current shows an inductive behavior, which can be represented by an RL circuit. On the other hand, the dynamics of the supercapacitor bank can be represented by two RC branches. When a step load current is applied, the supercapacitor provides the transient current while the fuel cell provides the steady current.


Osteoarthritis (OA) is by far the most common form of arthritis characterized by focal loss of articular cartilage, subchondral osteosclerosis, osteophyte formation at the joint margin, and remodeling of joint contour with enlargement of affected joints. This randomized, clinical trial aimed to compare the effectiveness of Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Hyaluronic Acid (HA) as individual treatments and PRP in combination with HA in the treatment of mild to moderate knee Osteoarthritis (OA). The study was conducted among 89 patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Patients were randomly allocated to one of the three interventions: HA (n=30), PRP (n=30), or HA+PRP (n=29). Patients in HA group received 3 intra-articular knee injections with 1 week interval while patients in PRP group and PRP+HA group received 2 intra-articular knee injections with 2 week interval. Functional outcome of the treatment were evaluated using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaire at baseline and after 1,3,6 and 9 months of treatment. Majority of the patients in all groups were female where mean age of the patients were about 50 years. Pain scores in VAS scale significantly reduced in PRP group when compared to HA group and also in PRP+HA when compared to HA group which persist till nine months (p<0.05). No significant statistical difference was found in VAS scores between PRP and PRP+ HA group. WOMAC pain scores also significantly reduced in PRP group when compared to HA group and also in PRP+HA when compared to HA group (p<0.05). WOMAC stiffness significantly reduced in PRP+ HA group when compared to HA group at three month (p<0.001) and at six month (p=0.011). At nine month, physical activity scores significantly reduced in PRP group compared to HA group (p=0.002) and in PRP+HA when compared to HA group (p<0.001). No significant reduction was observed in WOMAC scores when the outcome of PRP+HA was compared with PRP alone. PRP provides better functional outcome than HA. The combination of PRP and HA also provides better outcome than HA alone but does not provide better outcome than PRP alone.


Frankétienne is known first and foremost as a writer. It is his paintings, however, that this article examines, for they are the most relevant to understanding the poetics of what Frankétienne calls the spirale, and also to explaining how these works—produced in the wake of his literary experiences linked partly to the French nouveau roman—enrich and transform his writing with L'oiseau schizophone (1993) and more radically with H'Éros-Chimères (2002). Indeed, this latest book, more than other francophone works, pushed to its furthest limit the integration of image and text into one great whole. Of course, no one has a complete knowledge of Frankétienne's visual production since 1973. Therefore, this first incursion into this universe is mainly focused on some paintings and key moments of this huge artistic work to show its governing principles, which are quite different from those of well-known Haitian artists such as Duffaut, Télémaque, or Basquiat.


Foundations are the forces that influence the minds of curriculum developers, which affect the content and structure of the curriculum. These forc es are beliefs and orientations as well as conceptions of learning and the needs of society. F oundation of curriculum is rooted with the foundation of education. Historically, modern curri culum and education in Ethiopia is associated with traditional church education, mainl y the Orthodox Church. The Ethiopian Orthodox Church curriculum is not well organized an d written as a document and the duration of the program is not explicitly given; it depends only on the achievement of the individual and his motivation. The notion of education in Ethiopia is started in sixth century, the entrance of Christianity. The church continues to dominate the education system in Ethiopia until modern education was introduced in 1908. Many social probl ems forced the Emperor to think of modern education and hence he launched it with many resist ances from the church. For many years the philosophy of church education influences modern ed ucation, the attitude of secretiveness that is keeping knowledge secret from others and rote memor ization. However, the contents and purpose of education depends on the political ideol ogy of the Emperors. Human beings require social interaction. This concept of social being le ads to the view of living together. In Ethiopian culture there is no experience sharing rather there is secretes an individual cannot share his/her knowledge to others, because of not to be harmed by others. However development which implies quality education is the result of our interaction, our debates and shared vision. Contemporary educationalists argue that education must serve the purpose of social life that brings people together (social reconstructionism). The very impor tant foundation for modern education in Ethiopia is sociology. Emperor Menelik II who intr oduce modern education is because of the sociological crisis the country felt at large. Of t his economic issue takes largest account. The church school epistemology which is emphasizing on rote learning and memorization, affects the pedagogy of modern education in Ethiopia. Hence ref orm is required in the education system, from rote memorization to conceptual understanding, from modernism to post modernism.


Granular Cell Ameloblastoma (GCA) is classified as an unusual histological subtype of solid/multicystic ameloblastoma, characterized by granular changes of stellate-like cells located within the inner portion of epithelial follicles. Studies have revealed that cytoplasmatic granularity is caused by lysosomal overload; however, the mechanism involved remains poorly understood. Here we report eight cases of granular cell ameloblastoma, in the posterior region of the mandible. The age of the patients included in this case series ranges between 35 -64 years old, and 87.5% occurred in non-Caucasians, with a slight gender predilection for men (62.5%). There was no evidence of recurrence and the majority of the cases were treated with surgical resection (87.5%). All tumors displayed histopathological features consistent with the diagnosis of granular cell tumor.


After the world championship in Leipzig, the Humanoid KidSize team Hamburg Bit-Bots put the main focus into the improvement of the current robot platforms Hambot and Minibot. New versions will be available for usage during the tournament in Japan in 2017. The software is undergoing a major revision as well: The bio-inspired neural architecture for visual perception that was presented during last years RoboCup Symposium is getting integrated in the new vision framework. The code base is ported to ROS to allow for easier sharing and code re-usage among the teams and a new walking algorithm is under development that utilizes 3D-printed pressure sensors. We are looking forward to present our hardware and software improvements during the world championship in Nagoya, Japan.


Metabolic alterations associated with the induction of freezing tolerance by abscisic acid (ABA) were characterized by chemical analysis and by [U- 14 C] sucrose partitioning into cellular constituents in bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss cv. Manchar) cell suspension cultures. ABA caused a significant elevation in dry matter, particularly in the fraction insoluble in 85% ethanol, that was highly correlated with enhanced frost tolerance. (...)


Abstract This paper considers a queueing problem in which arrivals come from both a finite and infinite arrival population. Steady-state probabilities, system descriptors, and an example solution are presented. The problem is representative of many where a server performs a dual, but similar service function.


This paper has mainly the basic requirements of establishing pluralistic financial management target,the basic concepts of financial management target and basic conditions in establishing financial management traget.It has focused its analyses on main financial management target and discussed the formation of the pluralistic system of financial management target in our enterprises.The primary target at micro-level is value-keeping,value-increasing of capital and the comprehensive comments of financial management in our enterprises,in this way,financial management target can be handled in general.


This paper presents an H∞‐based design technique for the synthesis of higher‐order iterative learning controllers (ILCs) for plants subject to iteration‐domain input/output disturbances and plant model uncertainty. Formulating the higher‐order ILC problem into a high‐dimensional multivariable discrete‐time system framework, it is shown how the addition of input/output disturbances and plant model uncertainty to the ILC problem can be cast as an H∞‐norm minimization problem. The distinctive feature of this formulation is to consider the uncertainty as arising in the iteration domain rather than the time domain. An algebraic approach to solving the problem in this framework is presented, resulting in a sub‐optimal controller that can achieve both stability and robust performance. The key observation is that H∞ synthesis can be used for higher‐order ILC design to achieve a reliable performance in the presence of iteration‐varying external disturbances and model uncertainty. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In the generation, storage and distribution cycle of the electric energy, the workhorse is the power transistor (MOSFET). These power transistors are developed on silicon semiconductor technology. To overcome the limitation of silicon technology, such as low band gap, less blocking voltage capability, low switching frequency, 4H-SiC D-MOSFETs are the material of choice. The 4H-SiC D-MOSFETs with wide band gap semiconductors can be able to operate at higher blocking voltage, high switching frequency, low-specific ON resistance and also it will allow to operate at very high temperatures. This paper aims on various design structures of 4H-SiC D-MOSFETs and its behavioral study for circuit application. The extracted parameters of D-MOSFETS are ONresistance, blocking voltage, the sensitivity of temperature by using the TCAD simulations are presented to prove their characteristics.


I'm all for body modifications. I have tattoos and even a few Germs burns, if you must know. However, there are a few individuals out there that take this to an extreme. They'll tattoo their whole bodies, or spend years having complex scarification or piercing done. Cool by me. But there comes a time when the line in the sand must be drawn and anyone who wants to step over it should be locked up in the deepest booby hatch that can be dug.

And for me, that line is elective self-amputation.


Infancy is period of early life which basic abilities will determine success in the next phase. In this phase, the aspect of psychosocial development that must be achieved is to have a sense of trust, both for oneself, other people and the world around them. This study aims to find out how the application of therapeutic group therapy in increasing trust in infants and focus on aspects of touch. The method used is the case study. The results of this study indicate that the strengthening of touch in Therapeutic Group Therapy is able to foster and increase trust in infants in accordance with their psychosocial development tasks. Nurses as therapists need to emphasize this by encouraging mothers to not only give praise when the baby is successfully carrying out the task being trained, but also accompanied by physical affection sign such as touching, stroking, kissing and hugging the baby.Keywords: Infant, Touch, Therapeutic Group Therapy


Objective:In order to raise the understanding of delayed erythropoiesis after ABO-mismatched allo-geneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT).Methods:Report a case of delayed erythropoiesis and discuss it's characteristics with literature review.Results and Conclusion:In post ABO-mismatched allo-PBSCT the pathogenesis of delayed erythropoiesis may be related to abnormality of immunlolgy.post allo-PBSCT delayed erythropoiesis can be treated with plasmapharesis and erythropoietin (EPO);donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) and induced graft versus host plasma cell effect can aslo be used in the treatment of delayed erythropoiesis.


This paper introdudes detailedly the A~* Algorithm in artificial intelligence. Taking 8-digit problem as an example, improving on traditional heuristic function i.e. the number of the trump cards not on their right place, the new heuristic function adopts the total distance of each trump card to it's goal position. The experiment results show that this new heuristic function can impove searching efficiency greatly and save much searching space.


Introduction: It is known that there is a higher frequency of hypogly- cemia during the fi rst trimester of pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Patients and methods: We undertook a retro- spective longitudinal study of 64 pregnant women with type 1 diabe- tes mellitus. Four periods were defi ned: preconception (28 days prior to conception), fi rst, second and third month of pregnancy. Different glycemic parameters between those 4 periods were compared. Re- sults: Mean blood glucose level was similar in the preconception period and in the fi rst month. Afterwards, it progressively decreased during the second and third months. HbA 1c showed a similar tenden- cy as the mean blood glucose. Both non-serious hypoglycemia as well as nocturnal hypoglycemia increased throughout the fi rst trimes- ter. There were no signifi cant changes either in the number of daily blood glucose measurements or in the average daily dose of insulin. Conclusion: Together with an improved glycemic control, a tendency towards hypoglycemia -daytime as well as nocturnal- during the fi rst quarter of pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes is corroborated and does not seem to be attributable to the dose of insulin.


Chronic infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most common reason for liver transplantation. We examined the results of laboratory tests for HCV on a cohort of patients who received a liver transplant between 1990 and 1994 at three large centers. Seven hundred twenty‐two recipients and 604 donors were tested for antibody to HCV (anti‐HCV) using a second‐generation enzyme‐linked immunoassay (EIA‐2), followed by recombinant immunoblot (RIBA‐2) and HCV RNA confirmation by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) (with genotyping and viral quantification). Diagnosis of posttransplantation infection required detection of serum HCV RNA that could be genotyped by sequencing or was repeatedly positive despite being unsequenceable. Twenty‐five percent of transplantation candidates were seropositive for anti‐HCV. Approximately 86% of anti‐HCV–positive, 93% of RIBA‐positive, and 97% of HCV RNA–positive candidates developed infection after transplantation. Pretransplantation HCV RNA was superior to RIBA‐2 for predicting posttransplantation infection. Whereas HCV genotype was identified in nearly all candidates and changed little after transplantation, serum viral levels rose markedly after transplantation. Fifteen donors were either anti‐HCV– or HCV RNA–positive. Recipients of grafts from donors with HCV RNA all developed infection, whereas infection was not detected in recipients of grafts from donors with anti‐HCV but without detectable HCV RNA. The rate of new infection fell significantly (P = .02) after the introduction of EIA‐2 screening of blood. Donor and candidate markers for HCV predict posttransplantation infection


In this paper, we investigate a multicast beamforming terrestrial-satellite cooperation system to optimize the communication capacity and quality of service. Different from traditional link-based terrestrial network, we design the terrestrial and satellite beamforming vectors cooperatively based on the required contents of users in order to realize more reasonable resource allocation. Meanwhile, the backhaul links between content provision center and satellite and base stations are limited, and the users always need high quality of service, considering these, our object is maximizing the sum of user minimum ratio under the constraints of resource allocation, backhaul link and quality of service in reality. We first formulate the optimization problem and propose a joint optimization iterative algorithm to design the beamforming vectors of satellite and base stations cooperatively. Then, to obtain the global optimum solution, we propose a Bound-based algorithm and solve the optimization problem by shrinking the upper bound and lower bound of the optimization feasible region. To decrease the complexity, we then design a heuristic scheme to solve the problem. The simulation results show that, our proposed cooperative optimization algorithms have better performance than non-cooperative methods, and the heuristic scheme has little poor performance but has significant advantage in low complexity.


Objective To study the MRI features of Dandy-Walker syndrome and improve the diagnosis level.Method MR images of 6 cases with Dandy-Walker syndrome were studied and reviewed retrospectively.Results MRI could clearly demonstrate the size and signal features of Dandy-Walker syndrome,and make the qualitative diagnosis.Conclusion MRI plays a very important role in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Dandy-Walker syndrome.


Differential Absorption Lidar Complex is designed for field scientific investigations, as well as for teaching Lidar designers and future operators. The Complex consists of two independently working Lidar Systems and the equipment for in situ measurements. Field test results are presented.


The application of multi-objective genetic algorithms for the seismic design of reinforced concrete frames is illustrated considering two objectives simultaneously. While the first objective of this study is to control the maximum inter-story drift, the second is to minimize the total cost of the frame. For this aim, the seismic effect is simulated through lateral forces for the analysis of the frames. To achieve a satisfactory seismic design, this work suggests the use of multi-objective evolutionary algorithms named Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II). The results suggest that genetic algorithm is a very useful tool for structural optimization; moreover, the designed frame buildings obtained are satisfactory in terms of seismic performance and economy.


Hepatocytes were isolated and cultured from Hoplias malabaricus using a non-enzymatic protocol. From 6·9 to 9·4 x 10 7 hepatocytes g ' of liver were isolated and cell viability was 65-85%. Fish hepatocytes attached well to untreated polystyrene flasks (Corning) as well as on treated surfaces with extracellular matrix proteins, i.e. fibronectin, matrigel or type I collagen coatings. Cells rapidly started migrating and reorganizing in cord-like groups after seeding, with spaces similar to bile canaliculi in vivo. Prominent nucleolus and euchromatin-rich rounded nucleus, abundant mitochondria, well-developed rough endoplasmic reticulum, polysomes and Golgi apparatus were seen under ultrastructural analysis. Cells remained functional and metabolically active after 6 days in culture. The protocol established in the current work provides the basis for further studies of native fishes for accurate in vitro toxicological studies.


The nano-fiber of La2O3 was obtained by the precipitation method,the diameter of the fiber was about 30nm,and the length was about 100nm.The conducting polyaniline/nano-La2O3 composite doped by ethanedioic acid was obtained by template-free method in the presence of ammonium per-sulfate(NH4)2S2O8 as an oxidant.The composites were characterized by SEM,XRD and FT-IR.The electrical conductivity of PANI /nano-La2O3 was measured.


Nonfailure stops of software execution processes can be viewed as a type of censored data. They can occur in a wide range of computing systems (e.g., concurrent computing systems, data sampling systems, transaction processing systems) due to technical or nontechnical reasons. Using existing software reliability models to deal with this type of censored software reliability data, viz, successive inter-stop times, where a stop can be failure or nonfailure stop, means that nonfailure stops are disregarded. This paper develops censored software reliability models, or censored forms of existing software reliability models, to account for nonfailure stops and directly deal with censored data of software reliability. The paper shows how to develop censored forms for the models: Jelinski-Moranda, Schick-Wolverton, Moranda Geometric, and Littlewood-Verrall, and discusses the corresponding validation forms. Censored forms of other software reliability models can be developed in a similar way. Censored software reliability models reduce to noncensored software reliability models if no nonfailure stop occurs.


The properties of polaron of crystals influence the optical properties of the crystals very remarkably. With the development of magneto optical technology, the properties of the polaron for polar crystals in magnetic field have been of considerable interest. Zorkani et al. calculated the ground state energy of bound magnetopolaron using variational method. Employing Haga's perturbation method, Hu et al. derived an effective Hamiltonian for the interface magnetopolaron in polar crystals to zero temperature. Kandemir et al. discussed the ground state and first excited state energy of two dimensional large magnetopolaron by using recently introduced squeezed Landau states. The effective mass of magnetopolaron in polar crystals was investigated by means of a linear combination operator and a perturbation method by one of the authors . Most polar crystals are diatomic and cubic and their crystal structure belongs to NaCl, CsCl or ZnS type. In these crystals there is one mode of the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon. The properties of crystals have been studied by a great variety of techniques,in the case of crystals having only one LO phonon branch. However,a large number of polar crystals, with several atoms per unit cell, have more than one LO phonon branch. For example, in cuprite such as CuO 2, there are two LO phonon modes. SiO 2,GaAs 1- x P x and a large number of perovskites (SrTiO 3,BaTiO 3,LiNbO 3, ets.) have more than two modes. In recent years, the polaron problem with many LO phonon branches has been investigated. The properties of the polaron in polyatomic polar crystals are studied using a linear combination operator method by one of the authors . However, the magnetopolaron in polyatomic polar crystals has not been investigated so far. Recently , Wei and co workers studied the properties of strong coupling surface magnetopolaron in polyatomic polar crystals. In this paper, the properties of the bulk polaron for polyatomic polar crystals in magnetic field are studied. The ground state energy of a strong and weak coupling bulk polaron in polyatomic polar crystals are derived by the method of a linear combination operator.


【Objective】 This study was aimed to explore the resistance of rice blast to tricyclazole in different regions of Guizhou province.【Method】 The resistances of 96 single spore isolations to tricyclazole were tested determined by the rate of hypha growth which came from 8 different regions.【Results】 The result showed that the resistance of the isolations to tricyclazole appeared continuous distribution,the maximum and the minimum EC50 were 101.05 μg/ml and 35.16 μg/ml,respectively.The average data of EC50 was between 60.48~71.62 μg/ml;the lowest and the highest resistant level were 0.48 and 1.39,the difference was 2.89 times,the average resistant level was between 0.83~0.99.【Conclusion】The resistance of Pyricularia grisea to tricyclazole have being sensitivity or low level and it is the main medicine to against the rice blast at present.


OBJECTIVE
To investigate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced changes of cytoskeletal filamentous actin in primary isolated pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) from wild-type and RAGE knock-out mouse.

METHODS
The lungs of wild-type and RAGE knock-out mice were digested with collagenase type I to obtain endothelial cells purified by anti-CD31-coupled magnetic beads. The PMVEC identified by factor VIII labeling were stimulated with LPS at different concentrations and the changes of filamentous actin were observed by confocal microscopy.

RESULTS
The cultured primary cells showed typical endothelial cell phenotype as examined with factor VIII labeling. LPS stimulation caused rearrangement of the cytoskeletal filament F-actin in wild-type mouse PMVECs with stress fiber formation, but such changes were not obvious in RAGE knock-out mouse PMVECs.

CONCLUSION
Mouse PMVECs of a high purity can be obtained by immune magnetic beads. RAGE is involved in LPS-induced destruction of mouse PMVEC cytoskeletons.


A separating equilibrium in which competent (incompetent) leaders choose competent (incompetent) co-workers is investigated. An outside observer rewards the leader at good policy outcomes. The incompetent co-worker can, at bad outcomes, be used as scapegoat. By assumption, the leader may fail in blaming the scapegoat. Two different assumptions on the outside observer's information set are compared. If she cannot observe a failed attempt, the separating equilibrium exists only if two non-mimicking constraints are met. If she can observe a failed attempt, an additional constraint is added due to the possibility of partial mimicking.


Introduction Previous research indicates that traumatized individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms may show alterations in interpersonal distance regulation that are not evident in traumatized individuals without PTSD symptoms. However, the underlying mechanisms of these alterations are yet to be investigated. Moreover, it is not clear whether altered interpersonal distance regulation is correlated with trauma-related psychopathology. Objectives The current study investigated behavioral and neurophysiological markers of interpersonal distance regulation as predictors of PTSD and anxiety in traumatized firefighters. Methods Twenty-four active-duty firefighters (M = 30.58, SD = 3.62) completed an experimental task that measures comfortable interpersonal distance. During the task, event-related potentials were recorded to assess attentional processing as reflected in the P1 and N1 components. Trauma-related psychopathology was assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale and the state version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results Participants who did not choose a closer distance towards friends as compared to strangers experienced greater anxiety post-trauma. On a neurophysiological level, participants who showed attentional avoidance towards strangers reported more PTSD symptoms. By contrast, participants who showed hypervigilant attention towards strangers reported greater anxiety. Conclusions The results demonstrate associations between interpersonal distance regulation and psychopathology after trauma, shedding light on the underlying processes of interpersonal distance regulation in anxiety and PTSD. Future studies should re-investigate these associations in a larger sample and explore potential implications for the prevention and treatment of trauma-related psychopathology.


doseintensity Theimportance ofdoseintensity inchemotherapy, i.e. the amountofdrugdelivered perunitoftime, hasbeenstressed inseveral experimental andclinical contributions after early retrospective analyses by HryniukandBush(1984) and Hryniuk (1987) underlined therelationship between planned doseintensity andresponserateinbreast cancer.Basedon another retrospective study(Levine andHryniuk, 1987), ovarian cancerappearstobeaparticularly suitable modelfor intensification ofchemotherapy: however, prospective data abouttheuse ofintensified regimens inthisdisease arestill scarce. Inthepresent study we haveevaluated thefeasibility ofan increase ofthedoseintensity ofa polychemotherapy regimen commonly usedinovarian cancer(PEC;cisplatin, epidoxorubicin andcyclophosphamide) (Conte etal.,1993). Such increase was obtained reducing theintervals between cycles, withtheuse of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (filgrastim, G-CSF)asprophylactic supportive treatment.


1 For the reasons given below, we find the Board decision reasonable and deny the petition for review. Utah's thinly-supported new contention does not justify reopening the adjudicatory record and restarting our hearing process this late in a protracted, 8-year-old proceeding. I. BACKGROUND PFS proposes to use a dry storage system manufactured by Holtec corporation at the facility for which it is seeking a license. The system calls for the spent fuel to be taken from fuel


Real-time high-definition (HD) video transmission for long distances (≥1 km) between an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a ground station is a challenging problem. The existing real-time solutions are limited to relatively low-quality video streaming, whereas an HD video, which is stored in the local memory, is accessible only when the UAV returns to the ground. In this study, a real-time HD video transmission system (VTS) with a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configuration and state-of-the-art coverage is proposed for security and inspection applications. The proposed VTS employs ultrathin, lightweight antennas that are suitable for seamless integration with a UAV's body without any protrusion. A $3\times3$ MIMO configuration with large antenna bandwidths (3.9% at 2.4 GHz and 6.9% at 5.2 GHz) enables the simultaneous transmission of multiple data streams with high data rates (>30 Mbps), and a high antenna gain (~10 dBi) allows a relatively long communication range (>3 km). In field experiments, the UAV module (comprising thin conformal antennas, embedded electronics, an RF transceiver, and an HD camera) is attached to a commercial drone DJI Matrice 600 Pro. The HD video's reception performance is investigated for operation in two frequency bands (2.4 and 5.2 GHz) for both horizontal and vertical antenna orientations. The maximum and average data rates for various distances are reported. Based on the conducted field experiments, it is found that the proposed VTS is capable of transmitting real-time HD video up to a 3.56-km distance with a receiver sensitivity of −76 dBm. The maximum achieved data rates at a 500-m distance are ~10 and ~43 Mbps for operation in the 2.4- and 5.2-GHz frequency bands, respectively.


The alpha rhythm is the longest studied brain oscillation and has been theorized to 28 play a key role in cognition. Still, its physiology is poorly understood. In this study, we used 29 micro and macro electrodes in surgical epilepsy patients to measure the intracortical and 30 thalamic generators of the alpha rhythm during quiet wakefulness. We first found that alpha in 31 posterior cortex propagates from higher-order anterosuperior areas towards the occipital pole, 32 consistent with alpha effecting top-down processing. This cortical alpha leads pulvinar alpha, 33 complicating prevailing theories of a thalamic pacemaker. Finally, alpha is dominated by 34 currents and firing in supragranular cortical layers. Together, these results suggest that the alpha 35


This historically significant booklet traces the history of the Mary Valley from early settlement and covers topics such as: the Traveston Rail Disaster (1925), the Mary Valley Show Society, Hyne's Mill, Melawondi and other saw mills, the Gympie Muster, the Imbil Gold Rush and more.


Conditions are established theoretically for the onset of bistable, self excited, and stochastic operating regimes of an ultrasonic resonator filled with a viscous liquid. The results of calculations of the output parameters are confirmed in an experiment with a 2 MHz beam in glycerin at resonator lengths of 0.6-4 cm


Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) are effective solutions for nonlinear and parameter variability systems, but it contains multiple mathematical operations causing the controller to react slowly. This study aims to obtain a controller that can imitate the effective control performance of the FLC, which is easy to design both in software and hardware, and has a short response time. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) provide effective solutions in system modeling. Modeling of FLC has been realized by using of ANN's learning and parallel processing capability. The design process of the FLC and the training processes of the ANN were studied in Matlab SIMULINK environment. In the study, FLC was modelled at high similarity ratio with small ANN structure. ANN results were obtained very faster than the FLC control performance. The control performances of two controllers were observed to be very close to each other. As a result, ANN model has smaller structure than FLC, which makes it possible to implement the controller easily in terms of hardware and software.


Health physicists from the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) visited the Savannah River Site (SRS) as one of 12 facilities operated by the Department of Energy (DOE) contractors with annual collective dose equivalents greater than 100 person-rem (100 person-cSv). Their charter was to review, evaluate and summarize as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) techniques, methods and practices as implemented. This presentation gives an overview of the two selected ALARA practices implemented at the SRS: Administrative Exposure Limits and Goal Setting. These dose control methods are used to assure that individual and collective occupational doses are ALARA and within regulatory limits.


Experimental light luring fishing was conducted in west coast of the Gulf of Thailand using a stick-held cast net. A variety of fishes were simultaneously caught with a higher proportion of commercially important Indian squid Loligo duvauceli. Three trends in catch of squid observed might directly be correlated to the catch of other species simultaneously captured. It was clearly shown that the catch of Indian squid reached its maximum level (10-20kg/haul) at the catch of other species approximately 0.5-1.0kg/haul. The relationship between the presence of other species and the amount of squids caught were analyzed in consideration of size structure of both Indian squid L. duvauceli, and Indian mackerel Rastrelliger kanagurta, commonly apperaring in the catches. The catch of larger size squid more than about 15cm mantle length seemed to be correlated with the presence of Indian mackerel.


This paper presents the first Lithuanian ontology in the WordNet family that is LitWordNet. The resource that is visualized in RDF/OWL standard is very important for developing and applying language and semantic technologies. Traditional lexical databases are limited to morphological-syntactic properties of words. LitWordNet connects words into the lexical-semantic network. The creation of such a language resource for the Lithuanian language marks a further step towards a breakthrough in the research and development of Lithuanian language technology. The paper describes the creation, context, structure, enlargement, and links to related resources of LitWordNet. The paper ends with an assessment of the current stage of LitWordNet development and presents guidelines for its further development.


Efficient conservation of wide‐ranging carnivores requires that adaptive management consider the varying ecological and societal conditions within the entire range of a population. In northern Europe, large carnivore management has to balance carnivore conservation and maintaining the indigenous reindeer‐herding culture. Wolverine Gulo gulo monitoring and management in Sweden is currently focused on alpine reindeer husbandry areas where wolverine abundance and associated depredation conflicts have been highest. However, this focus ignores a potential southwards population expansion because current monitoring relies on snow‐based tracking methods that are not applicable outside northern alpine areas. Thus, in this study we: (1) used available monitoring data from 1996 to 2014 in Sweden to assess wolverine distribution trends in relation to national management goals, and (2) evaluate the current monitoring protocol against the use of camera stations as an alternative, snow‐independent, method for detecting wolverine presence at the southern periphery of its distribution. We show that the wolverine population in Sweden has expanded considerably into the boreal forest landscape, and colonized areas without reindeer husbandry and persistent spring snow cover. The latter indicates a less strict relationship between wolverine distribution and snow cover than previously hypothesized. Current management continues to use a monitoring protocol that is only adapted to high‐conflict alpine areas, and is not adapting to changing conditions in the population range, which creates a problematic scale mismatch. Consequently, national management decisions are currently based on incomplete population information, as roughly a third of wolverine's range is not included in official population estimates, which could have detrimental consequences for conflict mitigation and conservation efforts. This illustrates that an important key to successful carnivore conservation is flexible management that considers the entire range of conditions at the appropriate regional and temporal scales under which carnivores, environment and people interact.


At the beginning of the new millenium, the annual chart of the top grossing movies in Germany revealed a picture that had become familiar to observers of the German market: Among the top twenty of the year 2000, there was only a single German production (Anatomie at no.15); the other nineteen films came from Hollywood, including, not surprisingly, big budget action films such as Mission: Impossible 2 and Gladiator.2 Even Anatomie was produced and distributed by a German subsidiary of one of the Hollywood majors, Columbia. It seemed, then, that Hollywood had yet again vanquished the German competition, getting German cinemagoers to watch pretty much what their American counterparts were seeing.


Background: Early diagnosis or detection of osteonecrosis is very important as its prognosis is stage-dependent. Up to date, the most sensitive and commonly used modality for early ON detection relies on the abnormal signal of conventional MRI (T1-weighted and T2weighted MR imaging), which matches the necrotic and repairing reaction in bone and marrow. As ischemia is the defined pathway leading to steroid-associated osteonecrosis (ON). Early detection of ischemic condition may help predict later ON occurrence. Bone marrow perfusion function evaluation by perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be a unique modality for this application. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five adult male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and methylprednisolone (MPS) were administrated for ON induction based on a published protocol. T1-weighted and fat suppression T2-weighted MR imaging (conventional MRI) were performed for ON lesions detection based on the abnormal signal in the proximal femora at week 0 as the baseline (before LPS injection), week 1 and week 2 after MPS injection. At the same time, the blood perfusion function in the proximal femora was measured by perfusion MRI. Maximum Enhancement (ME) – an index of MRI perfusion function was analyzed. After MRI scanning, the proximal femora were prepared histopathologically for ON lesion analysis. The rabbit with bilateral histopathological ON lesions was defined as ON+ rabbit and included into ON+ group evaluated at week 1 and week 2 respectively, and that without ON lesions in bilateral femora was classified into ONgroup . For the underlying mechanism of perfusion change, the extravascular marrow fat cells were measured and the intravascular endothelium inflammation injury indicator of tissue factor (TF) expression and thrombus formation were detected. Results: In ON+ group, ME in perfusion MRI showed a significant decrease at week 1 and week 2 as compared with the baseline (P<0.01). There was a more than 50% decrease in ME at week 1 in ON+ group; while there were no detectable ON lesions by conventional MRI at week 1, though 93% (14/15) rabbits could be detected at week 2 in ON+ group. In ONgroup, ME showed a slight decrease at week 1 (less than 30%), and nearly recovered to normal at week 2 as compared with the baseline. Histological results showed a much larger average marrow fat area and more severe marrow blood sinusoids compression from surrounding crowded fat cells, and stronger positive TF expression in marrow endothelium and more thrombus formation in ON+ rabbits than ONrabbits. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that functional perfusion MRI


Oncologists in Australia have been concerned about the quality of undergraduate medical education about cancer for over three decades. All doctors need knowledge of cancer control but the need will vary according to their practice and its setting. Patients expect their doctors are sufficiently skilled and competent to recognise and diagnose cancer, and to understand its management. Nicholls et al. report on a survey of undergraduate medical education about radiation oncology in this issue. Sixteen of the 22 Australian medical schools responded. In the majority of universities, less than 10% of the medical course was devoted to radiation oncology. Not all students received teaching about radiation oncology in about half of all universities. The duration of exposure to radiation oncology was less than 5 days in 10 medical schools. The authors conclude that radiation oncology is under represented in Australian medical curricula and call for increased teaching about radiation oncology in Medical Schools. Similar concerns have been expressed internationally. Surveys of medical courses are notoriously unreliable. When we undertook a similar survey in the late 1990s one respondent wrote 'departments told us they were teaching subjects where we knew they were not and that they weren't teaching subjects we knew they were'. Cancer control is multidisciplinary yet education about cancer in universities is often split by tumour site and discipline. Education is made more heterogeneous by its delivery in diverse clinical schools and more recently by the development of rural clinical schools that may have limited access to oncology facilities. The majority of clinical teaching is performed by conjoint appointments who have limited training as educators and light supervision. Competition for curriculum time is intense especially in post graduate courses that have been apparently truncated to 4 years. Universities are under no pressure to improve medical education because the demand for places far outstrips the number of places which is capped by the Australian Government. There are no national standards for the content that is taught in any medical course in Australia. The Australian Medical Council accredits process not content and there is no common exit assessment to assure consumers that their doctor has been trained to a minimum standard or to guide students in the performance of universities. This has resulted in a failure to provide sufficient competition to improve medical courses. In 1995 the Australian Cancer Society (now Cancer Council Australia) formed the Oncology Education Committee (OEC) to improve the quality of education about cancer through research and advocacy. The OEC began a campaign highlighting the need for cancer education, developing the Ideal Oncology Curriculum for Medical Schools and demonstrating deteriorating standards in oncology teaching. The Ideal Curriculum was endorsed by Union for International Cancer Control


— Brain disorders are a significant source of economic strain and unfathomable suffering in modern society. Imaging techniques help diagnose, monitor and treat mental health, neurological, and developmental disorders. To aid in the Computer-Aided Diagnosis of brain diseases, deep learning (DL) was used for the analysis of neuroimages from modalities including Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (SMRI), and functional MRI. In this study, a Whale Optimization Algorithm is used with Deep Learning to analyse MRI scans for signs of neurological disease. WOADL-BDDC may detect and label abnormalities in the brain based on an MRI scan. It uses a two-step pre-processing procedure, first using guided filtering to get rid of background noise and then using U-Net segmentation to get rid of the top of the head. QuickNAT, along with RMSProp, is used to segment the brain. When analysing data, WOADL-BDDC uses radionics to collect information from every layer. When used in a convolutional recurrent neural network model, the Whale Optimization Algorithm may accurately categorize mental illness. WOADL-BDDC is put through its paces using ADNI 3D. Compared to state-of-the-art classification results from Vgg16, Graph CNN, Modified ResNet18, Non-linear SVM, ResNet50-SVM, ResNet50-RF, the suggested technique achieved the greatest accuracy. It was demonstrated that the suggested model is superior to other models for classification from MRI images. In simulations, the proposed approach is shown to be effective in optimizing hyperparameters with an accuracy of 94.38 % on TR set and 94.87% on TS set, Precision of 96.43% on TR set and 97.62% on TS set, and an F1-Score of 89.35 % and 92.10% on TR and TS set, respectively.


The extraction of high amount of chloride contained in concrete through Electrochemical Chloride Extraction(ECE) experiments.These experiments help to find out the rate of chloride extraction and some regular patterns about the changes of microstructure in steel reinforced concrete.Besides,pull-off tests are given to the center of steel bars in concrete in order to find out the pattern of change in adhesion strength between steel bars and concrete.This paper aims also to discuss the causes of these changes and the possible solutions to the adverse changes.


CPG A hypersensitive esophagus has a lowered threshold for symptom perception and reporting. Therefore, patients with esophageal hypersensitivity have more frequent and intense esophageal perceptive symptoms (such as heartburn and chest pain) for the same degree of esophageal stimulation as compared to patients without a hypersensitive esophagus. Stimuli that trigger symptoms could be mechanical, chemical, emotional, or combinations thereof; in some instances, triggering stimuli may not be identified. Mechanical stimuli include distension of the esophagus, typically from refluxed gastric contents or air (belch), or from swallowed bolus or air. Chemical stimulation can occur from acid and, possibly, from other contents in refluxates, including bile; inflammatory mediators in other forms of esophagitis such as eosinophilic esophagitis can also induce symptoms in certain patients. Emotions and stress tend to potentiate symptom reporting; for instance, anxiety and panic disorder can be associated with esophageal symptoms even in the absence of direct physiologic or pathologic esophageal stimulation. Esophageal hypersensitivity is a problem because it can coexist with organic esophageal disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and eosinophilic esophagitis, and recognition requires clinical judgment and test evidence that the organic disorder is adequately treated. Furthermore, patients may continue to believe that they have an undiagnosed disorder or heart disease despite evidence to the contrary. Unless this condition is recognized and adequately addressed with the patient, healthcare utilization in the form of hospital visits and testing can be high and the quality of health can be poor.


The thermal properties of cokes,such as hot-coke, cold-coke and coke on wharf by spray with coke additive was measured at Nanjing Steel.The coking tests with 4 coal blending schemes were carried out on 20 kg test oven to study the effect of coke additive on coke quality.The best technology index of coke additive spray was obtained,then an application experiment on the coke sprayed with coke additive was carried out at coking plant and No.3 blast furnace in the ironmaking plant.The practice shows that coke additive can improve obviously thermal properties of coke,making No.3 blast furnace work smoothly,increase obviously output of hot metal and decrease coke rate up to great economic benefits.


It has been important to extend database management systems to support new requirements of applications and administration. We focus in this paper on the automatic tuning feature, particularly manipulation of indexes. The architectural approach considered here is based on software agents. We briefly present the heuristics involved in the decision upon creation, dropping and the exact moment to proceed with either action. Then we discuss our agentbased database architecture, with its layers and coupling within an actual DBMS. Finally, we explain the way our hypothetical indexes are integrated in PostgreSQL and how they can be used in practice for automated index tuning.


Objective It is to observe the therapeutic effects of intravenous γ-globulin(IVIG) on mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) pneumonia complicating with myocardial damage.Methods 115 children with MP pneumonia complicating with myocardial damage were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.Both the groups were treated with normal therapy,and given dexamethasone after being in hospital for 1-3 days.On the basis of treatment above,treatment group were additionally given IVIG 0.5?g/(kg·d) for 3 days.All children were observed and accepted the corresponding laboratory examination at the given time.Results The cures (45 cases) in treatment group were more than those(17 cases) in control group after 15 days' hospitalization(P0.05).The improvements of all the referred indexes except clinical symtoms in treatment group were better than those in control group after 10 days' treatment(P0.05).Compared with control group at the same time,the cases of normal ECG were still higher after 15 days' treatment (P0.05 and P0.01),and the levels of cardiac muscle enzymes of most of child patients lowered to normal in treatment group.Conclusion γ-globulin could significantly alleviate histological injury in children with MP pneumonia complicating with myocardial damage.


Summary The author attempts to conduct an analysis of the theory of the firm, from the point of view of two separate fields: economics and management. Juxtaposing the results of both approaches, the author identifies the differences between them and explains their sources. The differences in the nature of the two theories – economic and managerial – are illustrated by Coase's theory of transaction costs and Porter's positioning theory. The author briefly discusses the evolution of the theory of the firm, emphasising the fragmentary character of economic theories and the holistic nature of the presented managerial theories. The paper is also concerned with the relationship between the two disciplines as regards the theory of the firm, e.g. the problems which arise when scholars from one of the disciplines borrow some ideas from the other without proper attention to fundamental differences in the goals and methodology of each field. The author points out the benefits of collaboration between the two disciplines, showing how


I really hope that I had not written up this memorial article—never—just as we do not worry about missing the sight of sunlight when we wake up every morning, or we stretch out our hands for help and somebody would hold them. We are not concerned too much, as though we should enjoy endless plenty of friendship, love, and salvation in life. I was wrong…


In this paper we study the behavior of solutions of the differential equation \[({\text{NH}})\qquad y'' + p(x)y = f(x), \], where $p(x)$ and $f(x)$ are continuous and $p(x)$ is positive. In particular, the role of the concavity quotient$A(x) = {{f(x)} / {p(x)}}$ is delineated.The first part of the paper relates boundedness of $A(x)$ to boundedness of solutions of (NH). One result is that all solutions of (NH) are unbounded when $A(x)$ is unbounded, $| {A'(x)} | \varepsilon > 0$In the second part of the paper, general sufficient conditions for oscillation are examined, for the two cases $f(x)$ positive and $f(x)$ oscillatory. Some results extend oscillation theorems in a recent paper of Leighton and Skidmore, while others are unrelated to that paper. The following is proved: If derivatives of solutions of \[ (H)\qquad z'' + p(x)z = 0 \] are bounded and $A(x) \to 0^ + $, or if solutions of (H) are bounded and $\int _a^\infty | {f(x)} |dx < \infty $, then oscillation of (H) is a necessary a...


The spatial and temporal coupling relationships between the monthly global SST anomaly field from 1951 to 2005 offered by Climatic Research Unit and the average monthly precipitation anomaly offered by 160 stations in China are analyzed. The spatial and temporal characteristics are analyzed with the EOF and SVD methods. After that, the influences of the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of global SST anomaly field on China's precipitation anomaly are analyzed, with the emphasis on the key areas which influence the precipitation anomaly in China in particular periods of time. The results show that there are three key regions which have important influence on the precipitation of China, namely, North Pacific, Indian Ocean–South China Sea and Middle and East equatorial Pacific. Having both interannual and interdecadal variations, the SST anomaly fields of the three key regions changed suddenly in the late 1970s. There are three key areas in these fields whose preceding wintertime SST has important influences on the precipitation in China: The first key area is over North Pacific, which affects the precipitation of July, the second one is over the Indian Ocean and South China Sea, which affects the precipitation of May, and the third one is over the Middle and East Equatorial Pacific, which affects the precipitation of July. In the last part of out study, the coupling relationships between the previous SST anomaly field of each key region and the precipitation field in different periods and different regions of China are analyzed. It may help reduce the uncertainty in the prediction of the abnormality of regional rainfall in China.


Aim: In recent years, methods based on technology have gained importance to enhance attendance to pulmonary rehabilitation. We aimed to investigate short-term effects of virtual reality (VR) and music on participants' affective responses and satisfaction level during exercise training (ET). Method: Seven patients with chronic respiratory disease (53±17 years, 5F, 2M) were included. Exercise capacity was assessed using cycle ergometer test. Patients participated in three 20-min ET sessions on stationary bicycle: ET-only, ET with VR (ET+VR) and ET with music (ET+music). For ET+VR session, a VR eyewear was used. For ET+music session, a song with 120 bpm was used. Before and after the ET sessions, heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), dyspnea perception and affective responses (the Feeling Scale and the Profile of Mood States) were recorded. At the end of each session, satisfaction level was assessed using a 10-cm Visual Analog Scale. Results: The satisfaction level of ET+music session was higher and dsypnea perception was lower than those of ET-only session (p Conclusion: Higher satisfaction level and lower dyspnea were found in ET+music session. Music may enhance attendance and persistence to an exercise program. Since dissatisfaction with VR seems to be the characteristics of VR devices, effects of different methods of VR should be investigated. Further studies with larger number of participants are needed.


After many years, feminist doesn't bring us a new world, on the contrary, it walks into a dilemma. We can find some female figures who are intelligent and independent, at the same time, we can find some "ugly"figures or some shrews; and we also find some woman-writers whose capitals are only their bodies rather than the goal of overturning the man-power. Perhaps, through those women coming from woman-writers, reflecting body-writing, we can doubt about the feminist, and prevent the abuse of feminist. Meanwhile, it can lead to warning women, thinking the character of woman, exploring the character of "human". And we must keep an eye on the foreign cultures.


—The development of Software Defined Networking (SDN) has introduced many benefits to legacy networks, and has become an appealing option for Internet service providers. How- ever, doing a complete overhaul of an existing service provider network in an attempt to transform it into an SDN network is a significant economical, managerial, and technical challenge. To alleviate this, research is being performed on hybrid SDN networks, in which only a few routers are retrofitted to become capable of supporting SDN. In this paper, we study the impact that hybrid SDN can have on the electrical power usage of a service provider network. Most service providers have redundant routers for reliability purposes and for accommodating changes in traffic over time. These redundant routers and links are always powered on, wasting valuable energy. This waste of energy can be mitigated by identifying such routers and shutting them down. However, turning off routers reduces the number of routing paths available to the intra-domain routing protocol, which in turn has the consequence of having an unbalanced traffic load in the egress links of the service provider. This increase in link utilization experienced by some egress links leads to packet losses and long packet delays. To alleviate this, we propose retrofitting a few legacy routers to become SDN routers. By introducing just a few well-placed SDN routers, the routing flexibility increases within the network. This allows for a larger number of routers to be shutdown without exceeding a desired upper bound on link utilization. We present heuristics for choosing which routers should be augmented with SDN capabilities, and we evaluate via simulation their impact on the number of routers than can be powered down.


3.1 The method SO2DB is a SODAS module that exports a set of symbolic objects (SOs) to a relational database and determines the individuals in a population that are part of the extent of these SOs. Detailed data (micro-data) on individuals in are stored in a relational database. Therefore, SO2DB is the counterpart of DB2SO which imports the descriptions of SOs by generalizing micro-data stored in a relational database. Recall from Bock and Diday (2000) and Diday and Esposito (2003) that an SO is defined by a description d, a relation R which compares d to the description dw of an individual, and a mapping a called the 'membership function'. Hence, the extent of an SO s, denoted by Ext(s) in the Boolean case (i.e., y w R d ∈ {true, false}), is defined as the set of all individuals w from a population with a w = true. It is identical to the extension of a, denoted by Extension(a). Hence, we have Ext s = Extension a = w ∈ a w = true . Conversely, in the probabilistic case (i.e., y w R d ∈ 0 1 ), given a threshold , the extent of an SO s is defined by Ext s = Extension a = w ∈ a w ≥ . The extent of an SO that is computed on a population can be used either to manage the information that is lost during the import process from or to study the evolution of the retained concept on the same population at a different time. Alternatively, comparing the extents of the same SO computed on several populations (e.g., populations associated with different countries) can be used to investigate the behaviour of some phenomenon in different regions. For instance, let us suppose that the following description associated with an SO s, gender = F ∧ field = factory ∧ salary = 1 5 2 1 ∧ weekly_working_hours = 40 42


Clinical investigations in recent years have established that the presence of even mild or moderate decreases in estimated GFR (eGFR) consistently confers a significantly elevated risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD),[1][1] the leading cause of death in the United States and most industrialized


This project is of great importance because it deals with the importance of preserving our environment on which we depend and we are responsible. A favorable environment for the conservation of the planet only occurs preventing pollution, let's start taking care of forests that are the lungs for life and preservation of all species. We must consciously think about the damage caused by the destruction of nature since it must be taken into account the number of diseases that would follow and which will find themselves at the mercy of future generations, so we can by joining counteract this problem we care in the present what is useful to the future. The extinction of species is one of the serious problems posed by the deterioration of the planet where there are groups concerned with reversing these situations exist also those who benefit from the extraction of timber and minerals without any environmental control that is reversed the damage to areas where there are human groups that are at risk. In Ecuador is no exception of the forests have been at risk so that the Ecuadorian government has taken precautionary measures to minimize the damages caused to the nature of our country considered one of the most diverse countries in the world and where only government policies can help mitigate damage that may be caused to our planet is so in its constitution is considered to nature entitled to restoration, where environmental impact caused by the exploitation of natural resources nonrenewable where the state will exercise effective mechanisms to achieve the reconstruction taking the necessary measures to avoid irreparable damage.


Under some assumptions, Ghosh (1987) has shown that the Cramer-Rao bound is attained for some strictly sequential procedure if and only if the observations follow the Bernoulli distribution. An extension of this result to the multivariate case via the arguments of Stefanov (1985) is presented. Furthermore, by imposing additional assumptions, we try to find an "analogue" of the above result of Ghosh in the multivariate case. In the latter case the role of the Bernoulli distribution is performed by the multivariate Bernoulli distribution.


ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence, origin, and risk of Cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and iron (Fe) in soil profiles from petroleum tank-farms in Western Delta, Nigeria. The soil samples were digested with aqua-regia, and the concentrations of the metals were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean concentrations of metals varied for all sites and depths and ranged from 1.86 ± 1.73 mg kg−1 (Cd) to 3535 ± 1802 mg kg−1 (Fe). The mean concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Cu exceeded the Dutch and DPR-EGASPIN target limits in 80%, 5%, and 45% of the samples, respectively. Concerning soil depths, the metals showed irregular occurrence and exhibited concentration load in the order of subsoil > bottom soil > topsoil. The results also showed that the metals had the highest concentrations at site SS1, SS2, SS4, SS6, SS8, SS9, SS10, and SS11. The linear regression between TOC and metals indicates a weak correlation. The ANOVA shows that there is a significant variation for the total concentrations of the metals concerning soil depths. The PCA, enrichment factors and the geo-accumulation index suggest that the trace metals originated from the anthropogenic and geologic means. The average contamination factor and the ecological risk factor followed the order: Cd > Pb > Cu > Zn > Mn > Cr > Ni, and Cd > Pb > Cu > Ni > Zn > Cr > Mn, respectively. The non-carcinogenic risk shows no adverse non-carcinogenic health effects for human exposure to metals. The total cancer risk values are within acceptable safety limits. The results of the heavy metals from this study suggest that soils from the petroleum tank farms require sustainable remediation measures.


This paper discusses the effects of laser fluence on silicon modification by four-beam laser interference. In this work, four-beam laser interference was used to pattern single crystal silicon wafers for the fabrication of surface structures, and the number of laser pulses was applied to the process in air. By controlling the parameters of laser irradiation, different shapes of silicon structures were fabricated. The results were obtained with the single laser fluence of 354 mJ/cm2, 495 mJ/cm2, and 637 mJ/cm2, the pulse repetition rate of 10 Hz, the laser exposure pulses of 30, 100, and 300, the laser wavelength of 1064 nm, and the pulse duration of 7–9 ns. The effects of the heat transfer and the radiation of laser interference plasma on silicon wafer surfaces were investigated. The equations of heat flow and radiation effects of laser plasma of interfering patterns in a four-beam laser interference distribution were proposed to describe their impacts on silicon wafer surfaces. The experimental results h...


Algebraic method to construct irreducible representations of space groups is presented by making an example of white tin having screw axes and glide planes in the symmetry operations. In present method it is enough to treat explicitly at most only symmetry elements equal in number to the operations of the point group to which concerned lattice belongs, regardless of the cases with or without spin and also of interior points or the points of the Brillouin zone boundary. This becomes very simplification compared to usual group-theoretical method.


The present invention provides a coloring composition for color filter, a color filter and a display device, chromaticity characteristics, superior developability and storage stability, comprising: A colorant containing a pigment, B and C, the copolymer crosslinking agent, the B a copolymer comprising repeating units represented by formula 11, formula 2 and the repeating unit repeating unit having an acidic group in FIG. 3, with respect to the copolymerization ratio of the sum of a repeating unit other than repeating units, repeating units is 2 more than 75% by mass, weight average molecular weight to number average molecular weight ratio of 1.0 to 1.9. R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Z represents -N + R2R3R4Y- or -NR5R6, R2 ~ R4 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having two or more and may be bonded to each other to form a saturated heterocyclic ring, Y- represents a counter anion, R5 and R6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group and may be bonded to each other to form a saturated heterocyclic ring, X1 represents a divalent linking group. R7 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R8 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group.


Objective To discuss the general characteristics of the ADRs induced by Shenqifuzhen injection,provide reference for rational drug use in clinic.Methods The China Hospital Knowledge Database(CHKD) and Chinese Medical Journal Database(CMJD) were searched to get the cases of the adverse drug reactions induced by Shenqifuzhen injection that reported from 1999 to 2012,then statistical analysis was conducted.Results Among the 21 ADR cases,the proportions of the male and female patients were 80.95% and 19.05%.Most of the ADRs induced by Shenqifuzhen injection occurred within 30 minutes after medication.The skin and adnexa damage(22%) and circulatory system damage(20%) occupied the major part in ADR cases.The original diseases of the patients who had ADR are mainly cancer.Ten patients received combination therapy.Only one patient has allergic history.The treatment and prognosis of adverse drug reactions is good.Conclusion Attention should be paid to the characteristics of adverse drug reactions induced by Shenqifuzhen injection in clinical use,and the monitoring of medication should also be strengthened to ensure the safe medication.


The structure of the title compound, C25H36O5, was refined in space group P1, with Z′ = 4. The high value for Z′ is due to a degree of free rotation around the ester bond C—O at the 3 position of the steroidal A–D nucleus.


[1] Markand Thakar currently serves as the conductor of the Baltimore Chamber Orchestra, Director of the BCO Summer Conducting Seminar and Winter Conducting Workshop, Co-Director of Graduate Conducting at the Peabody Conservatory, and was formerly the Assistant Conductor of the New York Philharmonic. Looking for the "Harp" Quartet builds upon the ideas in his previous book, Counterpoint: Fundamentals of Music Making (1990), in considering the transcendent experience of musical beauty, the musical work as a unitarily apprehensible object, and the ways in which impulse may be generated and consequently resolved. Thakar's ideas are valuable, his exposition of them is clear, and the book is supported by materials on his website, including sound files for the musical examples, analytical graphs, and a list of omissions and corrections. While Thakar discusses only music literature from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, this book would be useful as the main text in an upper-level or graduate seminar, or as a component of a survey of analytical techniques or aesthetics.[2] The text is arranged as a sequence of five dialogues between a conservatory teacher and a violin student, allusively named "Daedalus" and "Icarus." These dialogues occur periodically during Icarus's imagined senior year, as he rehearses and performs Beethoven's "Harp" Quartet (op. 74) with another coach. He and Daedalus begin by discussing what constitutes a "musical object," and then consider the contributions of the listener, composer, and performer in the ultimate experience of musical beauty. The final dialogue summarizes their conclusions and provides direction for further study.[3] Although the dialogues present the principal ideas, Thakar includes three supplemental essays at the end of the book. These provide more focused, technical discussions of the phenomenological basis for the conception of the "musical object," the conception of tonicization and musical structure as "patterns of energy" created by the composer, and finally, techniques for the "dynamic analysis" intended to uncover this patterning. These articles are intended to supplement the dialogues, and Daedalus actually refers to them at specific points in the text, but they may be read independently without any loss of coherence.[4] Thakar's primary theme is that masterworks of art are those that can be perceived as single "objects in time," and it is this essential property that allows the ultimate aesthetic experience. Composers contribute the potential for this experience by suggesting a succession of tones in which the energy can be created and resolved within a singular hierarchy. Performers, in turn, must realize this potential, recognize the hierarchy and craft their spectra of intensity and tempo in accordance with its inherent design. If both the composer and the performer are successful, an experience of transcendent beauty will be available to the listener, who must only be open to receiving it.[5] Thakar's conception of the "object in time" is indebted to Edmund Husserl's The Phenomenology of Internal Time Consciousness (1964), and the substance of the first dialogue, concerning the essential qualities of a piece of music, also recalls ideas from phenomenology. Unlike other theorists writing from a phenomenological standpoint, such as Lawrence Ferrara and Thomas Clifton, however, Thakar is less concerned with description than he is with a pragmatic understanding of how transcendent experiences are achieved. As he argues, the experience of transcendence involves a "loss of self" that is, the separation between subject (the one perceiving the work of art) and object (the work of art) is erased. Thus, it follows that any distraction from the perception of the artwork as a single object in time eliminates the possibility for the experience. As one might expect, this leads to a discussion of intonation, articulation, balance, and so forth, not as objective, quantifiable entities, but rather as contextual parameters. …


Immune serum against the cells in a tissue culture inhibits their growth completely without necessarily killing them, whereas immune sera against the culture medium, plasma and embryonal extract have no influence on the growth of the cells (Lambert and Haines, 1 Hadda and Rosenthal, 2 Kimura, 3-4 Craciun and Sorescu 5 ). These findings open a new way for investigation into certain biological aspects of the cell that would be accessible by other means only with difficulty. On immunization with such a complicated structure as a living cell we have to assume that several different antibodies are formed against the different chemical structures. The conditions become even more complicated when we are working not with a pure cellular material but with some crushed tissue containing not only various kinds of cells, but also connective-tissue elements, blood, supporting tissue of various kinds, etc. So the fact that an immune serum, for instance, against minced embryonal material inhibits the growth of homologous fibroblasts in vitro gives no exact information about the components taking an active part in the process. Then the question is: What components of the cells are so vitally important that their blocking by antibodies is incompatible with the growth and proliferation of the cell? Or, in other words: What cellular antigens produce the growth-inhibiting antibodies? Studies on the properties of the antibody, on the other hand, appear to be of no particular interest. A priori it is not reasonable to expect that its nature would differ essentially from that of other know antibodies. In searching for the active antigens, two procedures are available. One is to treat a fairly large amount of cellular material (e. g., minced embryonal material, "brei") in various ways and then use the purified product for immunization.


In this paper, we have implemented Sinc collocation method (SCM) to solve linear systems of higher order Fredholm Volterra integro–differential equations (FVIDEs) with variable coefficients. This method transforms the system FVIDEs into algebraic equations. Two examples are included to illustrate the accuracy and success of the proposed method. We also point out that, as the number of dimensions increases we get satisfactory results, as explained in the figures and tables


Bushpig, Potamocheorus porcus, occurring naturally in the high rainfall areas of Zimbabwe, have become a major threat to maize producers in the country. Traditional means of control including hunting have been unsuccessful in keeping the numbers to a tolerable level owing to the secretive and cunning nature of the animal. The use of poisons has been discouraged because of indiscriminate use and problems of secondary poisoning, so alternative methods of mechanical control were sought. Several …


Datasets containing multi-value attributes are often involved in several domains, like pattern recognition, machine learning and data mining. Data partition is required in such cases. Partitioning attributes is the clustering process for the whole data set which is specified for further processing. Recently, there are already existing prominent rough set-based approaches available for group objects and for handling uncertainty data that use indiscernibility attribute and mean roughness measure to perform attribute partitioning. Nevertheless, most of the partitioning attribute methods for selecting partitioning attribute algorithm for categorical data in clustering datasets are incapable of optimal partitioning. This indiscernibility and mean roughness measures, however, require the calculation of the lower approximation, which has less accuracy and it is an expensive task to compute. This reduces the growth of the set of attributes and neglects the data found within the boundary region. This paper presents a new concept called the "Positive Region Based Mean Dependency (PRD)", that calculates the attribute dependency. In order to determine the mean dependency of the attributes, that is acceptable for categorical datasets, using a positive region-based mean dependency measure, PRD defines the method. By avoiding the lower approximation, PRD is an optimal substitute for the conventional dependency measure in partitioning attribute selection. Contrary to traditional RST partitioning methods, the proposed method can be employed as a measure of data output uncertainty and as a tailback for larger and multiple data clustering. The performance of the method presented is evaluated and compared with the algorithmes of Information-Theoretical Dependence Roughness (ITDR) and Maximum Indiscernible Attribute (MIA).


Germination of seeds is often very difficult for many useful species principally because of dormancy. In other to achieve the aim of any regeneration programme, seed collection and germination must be taken into consideration. In view of this, germination and early growth assessment of Tamarindus indica L. were conducted to determine the suitable medium for germination and early growth. The viable seeds of the study species were treated with four concentrations of cow milk and four concentrations of coconut milk (1 molar, 2 molar, 3 molar and 4 molar) and five treatments at a time (14 hours) which constituted main and sub-plot treatments, with four replications. After treatment, seeds were washed with distilled water, air-dried for 30 minutes and treated with fungicides (vinclozolin). Treated seeds were sown in 4cm depth of sterilized sand and 80ml of water per seed was applied regularly at two days interval. The data collected on the effect fresh cow milk and coconut milk on seed germination and mean germination time was subjected to two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The percentage germination value of seeds treated in all concentrations of coconut milk, for all treatments ranged from 65% to 100% while seeds soaked in all concentrations of fresh cow milk for all times of treatments ranged from 70% to 100%. Seeds soaked in all concentrations of coconut milk for all treatment time were statistically significant compared to control. However, growing T. indica with coconut milk concentration in the mixture of sand and poultry droppings after 14 hours pre-treatment was recommended.


Present and future computer communications requirements are considered. Present computing is characterized primarily by three well-established paradigms: timesharing, transaction, and mainframe. Each of these is examined. To understand future needs, trends in computer paradigms and technology are examined. Innovative uses of data communications are considered under circumstances in which voice orientation is not a factor, a computational perspective is operative, and new communications options are available. Developments in processor power and system software are briefly considered, and client-server systems and the networks that make them possible are covered in depth. The much more demanding data communication requirements of client-server systems are stressed.<<ETX>>


Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is an acute nonspecific febrile illness caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Although usually transmitted via tick bite, HGA may rarely also be acquired through transfusion. HGA during pregnancy may pose significant gestational risks due to altered maternal immune status and the potential for perinatal transmission.


This paper provides examples of a method used to analyze the motion characteristics of single-degree-of-freedom, closed-loop linkages under study a designated input angle and one or two design parameters. The method involves the construction of a singularity trace, which is a plot that reveals changes in the number of geometric inversions, singularities, and changes in the number of branches as a design parameter is varied. This paper applies the method to Watt II, Stephenson III and double butterfly linkages. For the latter two linkages, instances where the input angle is able to rotate more than one revolution between singularities have been identified. This characteristic demonstrates a net-zero, singularity free, activation sequence that places the mechanism into a different geometric inversion. Additional observations from the examples are given. Instances are shown where the singularity trace for the Watt II linkage includes multiple coincident projections of the singularity curve. Cases are shown where subtle changes to two design parameters of a Stephenson III linkage drastically alters the motion. Additionally, isolated critical points are found to exist for the double butterfly, where the linkage becomes a structure and looses the freedom to move.Copyright © 2013 by ASME and General Motors