Scott and Smith (1969) develop estimators for linear functions from a two stage cluster sample, with their discussion repeated in many places. This discussion was reviewed in c01ed13.doc. It is note-worthy that Scott and Smith allow expressions for the variance to depend on the cluster. A similar development is given by Vallient et al.. We repeated the derivation of Vallient et al using the finite population variance in c01ed15.doc. These results were extended to settings with response error in c01ed25.doc. Both sets of results assume that the number of SSUs in a PSU is equal for all PSUs. In addition, both derivations are based on a 'collapsed' version of a vector of random variables, similar to the vector of random variables usually considered. In an additional document, the expected value and variance is developed for a two stage problem with unequal size PSUs (see c01ed26.doc). However, this development stops short of estimation. In order to clearly construct the estimating equations, the un-balance in PSU sizes has to be accounted for. It seems that this accounting will be more straightforward in an expanded population framework. With this in mind, we repeat the development of balanced two stage sampling in an expanded population framework. We consider here the simpler setting where we have equal size PSUs, and no response error. We expand the representation of the PSUs, but not of the SSUs. Our goal is provide a model for completing the development of the two stage estimator with unequal PSU sizes.


The quickest method for generating a lightweight composite optic is to replicate an optical-quality glass tool onto a carbon-fiber- reinforced polymer CFRP. However, fiber print-through creates an un- acceptable sinusoidal surface roughness on replicated CFRP mirrors; chemical and thermal shrinkage during cure are commonly hypothesized to be the dominant causes. In order to mitigate fiber print-through, two methods of generating a polishable resin layer were investigated. The first method employs the application of a resin film to the CFRP surface. The second method, which is a more unconventional approach, generates a cocured resin layer using magnetic fibers. The latter ap- proach is being developed to eliminate the application of additional resin layers to the CFRP surface, since additional layers present structural disadvantages. It was found that the magnetic fiber technique is compa- rable to the conventional approach in mitigating fiber print-through. Due to the presence of a 0.25-mm-thick buffer above the reinforcing phase, a final polishing step was used to attain optical quality features on all of the replicated specimens. CFRP and magnetic fiber samples were polished to within 50-A rms roughness 1-m to 1-mm bandwidth. © 2006 Society of


Many oxides undergo insulator to metal phase transition. For example, eight vanadium oxides undergo such a transition. The transition of vanadium dioxides (V02) was first reported in 19591 and has been characterized by several different means. Recently, the developments of femtosecond laser technologies have made possible time resolved studies of this phase transition. The purpose of this study is to investigate the correlations between electronic and atomic dynamics during the phase transition as a function of the laser conditions and the physical properties of thin films of V02. These experiments were realized in two steps: in the first step, we characterized the visible response of the samples. The structural dynamic of the phase transition using time resolved x-ray diffraction has been studied in a second step.


The purpose of this research was to learn the model of empowerment to a rabbit farmer group which is named "Mandiri Jaya" through Agriculture Training and Self Supporting of Rural Program. This research employs survey method. This qualitative research choosed its key informants by using purposive sampling that was followed by Snowball sampling. The result of this research is the model of empowerment that was given to the rabbit farmer group which includes training provided of rabbits, human development, community development, and business development. Various forms of the training are given once in month for annualy. The material training provided includes how to manage the rabbit farmer group, so becomes profitable. For examples how to choose proper and high-quality feed, and to build a good housing system for the rabbit. The material of human development is given so the rabbit farmer group can develop the ideas, exchange their ideas and information with other members. The material of community development is given so that the farmers that are involved know how to build a safe and clean environment especially near the rabbit housing area. The material of business development is given so that the member of the group know how to be a good entrepreneur and the group becomes more advanced.


Applying a GM(1,N) grey model,the[Si] content of hot metal in blast furnace is predicted,and the latest status of blast furnace is forecast by the equal-dimension and new-information model.To improve the prediction precision,the GM(1,1) residual model was used to modify the forecast results,which arrives at a good effect.


The review presents own experimental data and related publications related with the gold leaching. The well-known common process of the leaching with cyanide is dangerous, needs great water consumption, and expenses for remediation of the poisoned environment. The bioleaching accompanied with application of sulfuric acid is less effective and needs remediation of the acidified environment as well. In contrast, the gold leaching with thiosulfate and organic salts of polythionic acids (organic base polythionates) is not poisoning and does not need the following remediation of the sites. The method of these polythionates production is based on the Smolyaninov reaction, the paper presents it in stages and in details. The organic base polythionates are perspective for the prosperous gold leaching; their possible application in the gold leaching is compared with the gold leaching by cyanation.


Uniform designs seek to distribute design points uniformly in the experimental domain. Some discrepancies have been developed to measure the uniformity by treating all factors equally. It is reasonable when there exists no prior information about the system or when the potential model is completely unclear. However, in the situation of sequential designs, experimental information, such as the importance of each factor, would be obtained from previous stage experiments. With this fact, the weighted -discrepancy is more suitable than the original discrepancy for choosing follow-up designs. In this paper, the sequentially weighted uniform design is proposed, which is obtained by minimizing the weighted -discrepancy. The weights, indicating the relative importance of each factor, are estimated through a Bayesian hierarchical Gaussian process method based on serial experimental data. Results from several classic computer simulator examples, as well as a real application in circuit design, demonstrate that the performance of our new method surpasses that of its counterparts.


The coming interaction between a growing electrified vehicle fleet and the desired growth in renewable energy provides new insights into the economic dispatch (ED) problem. This paper presents an economic dispatch model that considers electric vehicle charging, battery exchange stations, and wind farms. This ED model is a high-dimensional, non-linear, and stochastic problem and its solution requires powerful methods. A new finite action-set learning automata (FALA)-based approach that has the ability to adapt to a stochastic environment is proposed. The feasibility of the proposed approach is demonstrated in a modified IEEE 30 bus system. It is compared with continuous action-set learning automata and particle swarm optimization-based approaches in terms of convergence characteristics, computational efficiency, and solution quality. Simulation results show that the proposed FALA-based approach was indeed capable of more efficiently obtaining the approximately optimal solution. In addition, by using an optimal dispatch schedule for the interaction between electric vehicle stations and power systems, it is possible to reduce the gap between demand and power generation at different times of the day.


The effect of filler loading and size on commercially available silica (Vulcasil C) and value added silica (ultrafine) as filler in SMR L grade natural rubber were studied. Vulcasil C with particle size ranged from 10 µm–20 µm whilst ultrafine (1 µm–3 µm) was loaded in SMR L compound at 4 different loadings. The curing characteristics, tensile properties and swelling behavior were studied. At similar filler loading, ultrafine-filled vulcanizates exhibited shorter scorch time and cure time. It also shows higher tensile strength and elongation at break up to 20 phr filler loading and exhibit lower swelling ratio compared to Vulcasil C-filled vulcanizates.


The article provides a detailed analysis of the definitions of "competency" and "competence" of a fine arts teacher and distinguishes key differences between these concepts. Generalized theoretical provisions regarding the content of the concept "professional competence of a teacher", which is considered as an integral personal quality, which is manifested in the practical application of professional knowledge, the ability to solve problems in accordance with the direction of activity, the willingness to perform their professional duties in accordance with generally accepted standards of modern education, apply and expand the life and professional experience, effective interaction with colleagues and students. The study to determine the level of formation of relevant competencies in future teachers of fine arts in the course of experimental training has been carried out. The need for special conditions and programs aimed at improving the professional competence of future teachers of fine arts in the institutions of professional education has been determined.


Reinforced cement concrete (R.C.C.) cantilever retaining walls are in use for more height of backfill and higher earth-pressure magnitudes. The use of loft has been considered for relieving the magnitude of earth-pressure itself at the back of retaining wall and for improving the factor of safety against sliding as well as overturning. In the present study an attempt has been made to explore the reduction in quantities of construction materials (Reinforcement Steel and Concrete) with use of loft at the back of retaining wall. Cantilever retaining wall with and without loft/s and cohesion less backfill of fixed height has been considered for analysis. Section for retaining wall with and without loft have been analyzed and designed. The construction materials been worked out for such sections and a comparison has been made. The comparison clearly indicates a considerable reduction in the quantities. This would effect the overall reduction in the cost of retaining wall structure. Details about these cases analyzed and the reinforcement steel and concrete quantities there-of are presented in this paper along-with remarks indicating reduction in quantities of these materials due to provision of loft at back of retaining wall. Indian Geotechnical Conference – 2010, GEOtrendz December 16–18, 2010 IGS Mumbai Chapter & IIT Bombay


Electronic logic circuits represented by silicon CMOS transistors scaled for the past 40 years to reach nanoscale device sizes. Currently the search is on for alternative, "beyond CMOS", logic devices, which might have certain advantages compared to electronic logic and will enable further scaling of logic circuits. Spintronics (spin-based logic) is one such possibility. However, schemes for spintronic devices are often proposed and pursued without the analysis of their suitability for digital logic. Here we analyze one type of spintronic devices, magnetic quantum cellular automata (MQCA), verify that it satisfies necessary requirements, and determine its scaling trends.


The present study estimates the critical/buckling loads of laminated composite rectangular plates under in-plane uniaxial and biaxial loadings. The formulation is based on the first-order shear deformation theory and von-Karman-type nonlinearity. Chebyshev series is used for spatial discretisation and quadratic extrapolation is used for linearization. An incremental iterative approach is used for estimation of the critical load. Different combinations of simply supported, clamped and free boundary conditions are considered. The effects of plate aspect ratio, lamination scheme, number of layers and material properties on the critical loads are studied.


This work had as objective verified the term-stability of the Soxhlet modified system with analytical and pharmacothecnical application in extractive processes of Nasturtium officinale. It has proven that the process is thermo-stable. The analysis with analytical have determined 3.606 mg g-1 in chlorogenic acid and 11.813 mg g-1 in rutin (extract 1:20 w/v) and with pharmacotecnical 3.427 mg g-1 in chlorogenic acid and 11.278 mg g-1 in rutin (extract 1:6 w/v). The income of the pharmacothecnical process was inferior to the analytical, suggesting that the pharmacothecnical process would need of at least the double of time in each extraction system.


As thin film cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells gain prominence, one particular challenge is optimizing contacts and their interfaces to transfer charge without losses in efficiency. Back contact...


This list includes most of the measurements made in 1979 through 1981 and some values obtained during preceding years. The reporting of results, their calculation (half-life: 5570 ± 0, standard 13C correction only for bones), and the dilution ratios are as previously described in Lyon VIII (R, 1979, v 21, p 402–452).


It is discussed here whether tool-use among primates—mainly chimpanzees—is an expression of social behavior or a cultural feature. It is noted that some ambiguities surrounding the notions of what is "social" or "cultural" have generated confusions when researchers try to identify primate behavior as one or the other. Some characterizations of the social—i.e., Wilson, Wallace, Giddens, Bourdieu—and cultural dominions—i.e., Geertz, Bruner— are reviewed and it is suggested that they can be ordered on a continuum, from elementary social behaviors, on one side, to more complex human actions, on the other. It is proposed that the latter are primordially intentional or symbolic actions. It is argued that if we define the social dominion according to characterizations such as that of Wilson or Wallace, then tool-use among chimpanzees is evidently social, but not necessarily cultural, at least not in a symbolic sense. If, rather, we adopt an approach close to Giddens or Bourdieu in sociology, Geertz in Anthropology, or Bruner in Psychology, tool-use could be seen as an amazing chimpanzee ability but below, however, a full cultural competence. It is concluded that chimpanzees raised in human-like environments show incipient cultural features, but show significant deficiencies when compared to human's capacities. It is suggested a constrained use of the term "cultural" as exclusively human.


The life history of Megamelus davisi Van Duzee was investigated in southern Illinois from February to November 1979, and the immature stages were described. This insect was also reared in the laboratory.

M. davisi feeds and reproduces on waterlily, Nuphar advena (Aiton), is trivoltine, and overwinters as a 5th instar in leaf litter along the shoreline.

This insect was reared on pieces of waterlily leaves. The incubation time for eggs was not determined. Durations of the five nymphal stadia were 6.0, 3.7, 4.1, 4.5, and 6.7 days, respectively.

Eggs are parasitized by a species (or species) of mymarid wasp, and adults are parasitized by a pipunculid fly, Pipunculus varius Cresson. Nymphs are preyed upon by a water treader, Mesovelia mulsanti White.


The synthesis and dynamics of the concept "finance maturity" come from the blending and extending meaning of "finance growth" and "finance development".In this article "finance maturity" is introduced into the idea of "region",and the important contribution of regional finance maturity to the development of regional economy is also under study. It should be noted that the different characteristics,which are of the regional finance maturity before and after the reform,are the result of the contradiction of the long-adopted centralized financial policies and the rapid-develeping dual financial system.A new financial policy system which can meet the cooperating developing of regional economy should be established,so that the finance maturity of every region can be boasted in the new financial situation,and the aid to the central and western China can be enhanced.


Optical fiber chemical sensors are playing an important role in chemical detection because they combine the characteristics and advantages of optochemical detection with the possibility of developing miniaturized compact devices, able to be included in standard analytical chemical and medical labs as well as in control of industrial chemical processes.


With the development of the isolation system is more and more quickly in our country, the application and research of isolation bearing more and more widely, including the frictionsliding isolation system is used in vibration isolation system and one of the most widely used isolation system, this article is based on soopat patent retrieval and service system of our country development present situation and trend of the friction-sliding isolation bearings are analyzed, mainly studied and analyzed the friction-sliding isolation bearings of the status quo and development of patent, patent development trend of the friction-sliding isolation system are explored.


On the basis of the influential Senator John Sherman's personal correspondence analysis the article explores the issues related to the genesis of antitrust laws in the United States in the late XIX century.


1. Broad-sense heritability ) is the proportion of the total variance that is attributable to differences of breeding values, and this is what determines the degree of resemblance between relatives (Falconer and Mackay, 1996). Variation among individuals may be due to genetic and environmental factors. Heritability analyses estimate the relative contributions of differences in genetic and non-genetic factors to the total phenotypic variance in a population. There are two types of heritability.


Purpose: Ionizing radiations of different qualities (e.g. high-LET and low-LET) might differently interact with structurally and functionally distinct higher order chromatin domains (discussed in [ 1] and citations therein); this might be reflected by DNA double strand break (DSB) repair efficiency and the mechanism of how cancerogenous chromosomal translocations (CHT) form. Therefore, we compared the DSB repair kinetics and formation of γH2AX/p53BP1 repair clusters upon the action of γ-rays [ 2, 3], protons (15 and 30 MeV) [ 4], and 20Ne ions (preliminary data). Consequently, we discuss biological impacts of these clusters. Material and methods: Immunostaining methods in combination with high-resolution confocal microscopy, performed on 3D-fixed normal human skin fibroblasts [ 2– 4], were used to study initial distributions of γH2AX and p53BP1 repair foci and their changes during the post-irradiation (PI) time, with a special concern on foci clustering. Irradiations with γ-rays, protons of different energies (15 and 30 MeV), and high-LET 20Ne ions was performed in IBP ASCR Brno (CR), NPI AVCR Řež (CR) and JINR Dubna (Russia), respectively. Results: Upon irradiating cells with 20Ne ions, tracks of multiple clustered γH2AX and p53BP1 repair foci appeared immediately after the irradiation; these clusters, called here as the 'primary clusters', were rare in cells irradiated with γ-rays or protons (submitted). Though γH2AX/p53BP1 foci were positionally quite stable [ 2], 'secondary clusters' occasionally appeared after all kinds of irradiation during about 30 min PI. The formation of secondary clusters usually appeared due to the heterochromatin decondensation at the sites of heterochromatic DNA double-strand breaks (hcDSBs), followed by their protrusion into a limited space of nuclear subdomains of low density-chromatin (discussed in [ 1, 2, 5]). Conclusions: Primary clusters appear in cell nuclei immediately PI as the consequence of highly localized energy deposition, while secondary clusters develop during (and because of) DSB repair. Primary DSB clusters probably represent the main cause of chromosomal translocations induced with high-LET radiations while secondary clusters seem to be more important for low-LET γ-rays and protons. Secondary clusters of primary clusters (higher-order clusters) observed for 20Ne ions might explain frequent formation of complex translocations upon the action of high-LET radiations. Finally, we suggest [ 1, 2, 4] a model that describes the relationship between the higher order chromatin structure, DSB formation, repair and misrepair.


In this chapter we describe our continuing efforts related to the design, implementation and evaluation of innovative educational activities supported by ubiquitous computing in the AMULETS (Advanc ...


In this paper, two control architectures for cooperative teleoperation systems based on wave variables and optimal control are presented and discussed. The cooperative control schemes consider two pairs of wave based teleoperation systems collaborating to carry out operations in a shared remote environment. The information exchange occurs only between the corresponding pair, and the slave robots may physically interact between themselves either through a common tool or the manipulated object. Simulation results show the good performance of the proposed framework.


Cross border MA Greenfield investments and cross border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). With Greenfield investments, a foreign investor establishes a new venture in the host country. Cross border M&As occur when a foreign investor purchases or acquires an existing enterprise in the host country. Acquisitions are dominant forming about 97% of cross border M&A activity. Cross-border M&As are a part of economic life in a liberalizing and globalizing world (UNCTAD, 2000). They are an important means through which MNCs create a global presence. Most of the growth in international production in recent times has taken place through cross border M&A activity.


Combining with the nature of interior design and aesthetic connotation,the thesis introduces interior designs under contemporary diversified concept from two aspects: microcosmic and macroscopic,discusses the ways to enhance the aesthetic capability of designers.Combining with Chinese art culture and the works from Ieoh Ming Pei,illustrates how to make ecological designs correctly in details,and put forward the author's own idea and suggestions.


Recognizing that electric grid challenges can differ by geographical regions across the United States, the US Department of Energy (DOE) created a pioneer regional partnership to provide technical assistance to stakeholders facing grid modernization challenges. The southeast regional teams will transfer technologies developed under DOE sponsorship to stakeholders for testing, evaluation, and market validation. Regional members will help define critical challenges and pave the way for transitioning technologies to the commercial sector. The Southeast Regional Consortium team will use the depth of expertise at DOE's Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Savannah River National Laboratory, the University of Tennessee's CURENT, Center for Advanced Power Energy Research, and the Clemson 20 MVA Electrical Grid Laboratory—along with critical industry partners, such as Duke Energy, Tennessee Valley Authority, Southern Company, the Electric Power Board of Chattanooga, Tennessee (EPB), and Santee Cooper. The team will conduct collaborative research to advance the state of the grid in the Southeast region and improve power system resiliency to enhance responsiveness, enable faster restoration of power, and increase distributed energy resource concentrations. This report provides details of the technical research and demonstration projects accomplished by ORNL as part of the Southeast Regional Consortium. Specifically, ORNL analyzed impedance relays that utilize optical current and voltage measurements to assess if they could enable step distance protection to be deployed on distribution systems. This application would improve the precision of determining the geographic location of faults, increase network topology flexibility, and allow bidirectional power flow. Next, ORNL deployed time-sensitive networking technology on the EPB fiberoptic data network to study the effect of increased sensor traffic on existing supervisory control and data acquisition data. The deterministic latency and high bandwidth were demonstrated by remotely inspecting a substation using a drone with full high-definition streaming video operated at the EPB control center. Finally, a new application-based communication and control system developed at ORNL called "CSEISMIC" (Complete System-level Efficient and Interoperable Solution for Microgrid Integrated Controls) was tested for future deployment on the EPB control center microgrid using a hardware-in-the-loop test bed that was also developed at ORNL. The controller successfully optimized ancillary service when the microgrid was connected to the distribution network. The seamless islanding, resynchronization, and reconnection of


The dramatic rise in the number of international courts and tribunals and the expansion of their legal powers has been one of the most significant ...


Current research aims to investigate the influence of calcination temperature on the pozzolanic activity of the waste kaolin and the impact of calcination products on Portland cement hydration. The raw material with approximately 85 % kaolinite was calcined to temperatures ranging between 500 and 1000 °C. The clay and its calcined products were characterized by TGA-DTA, SEM-EDS, XRD, FT-IR and BET. The pozzolanic activity of the calcined products was assessed by electrical conductivity test and compressive strength in mortars with 30 % substitution of Portland cement. The effect of calcined products on Portland cement hydration was characterized by XRD and SEM. The results showed that the calcination temperature had an important influence on mineral phase transition and the pozzolanic activity of calcined products. The degree of disorder and pozzolanic activity of calcined products at 800 °C was the highest at temperatures ranging from 500 and 1000 °C. The impact of calcined products on the hydration of blended systems was a combination of a filler effect at early ages and the pozzolanic reaction at later. The experimental results indicated that calcined products of waste kaolin constituted a potential source of high reactivity pozzolanic materials. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.24.2.18192


Objectives: While the COVID-19 pandemic has had considerable global impact, recorded mortality in sub-Saharan Africa has been relatively low. Ensuring the public health response creates overall benefit is therefore critical. However, the highly age-dependent nature of COVID-19 mortality makes comparisons of disease burden challenging unless considered in terms of metrics that incorporate life years lost and time lived in adverse health. We therefore assessed the relative disease burdens of COVID-19 and the three major epidemic-causing pathogens; malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, in sub-Saharan Africa. Design: We compared estimates of 2020 disease burdens in sub-Saharan African populations in terms of mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years lost (DALYs) for COVID-19, malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, applying known age-related mortality to UN estimates of sub-Saharan population age structure. We further compared exacerbations of these diseases predicted to occur through the COVID-19 public health response. Data was derived from public sources, predicted disease exacerbations from those published by international agencies. Main outcome measures: Mortality and DALYs lost Results: For sub-Saharan African populations north of South Africa, recorded COVID-19 DALYs lost in 2020 was 2.0%, 1.2% and 1.3% of those estimated for tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and malaria respectively. The predicted exacerbations alone of each of these comparator diseases were greater than the estimated COVID-19 burden. Including South Africa and Lesotho, COVID-19 DALYs lost were [≤]6% of each of these predicted disease burdens and dominated by them in all age groups below 70 years. Conclusions: The analysis here suggests a relatively low impact from COVID-19. While all four epidemics continue, concentration on COVID-19 runs a high risk of increasing the overall health burden, further increasing global inequities in health and life expectancy, and needs to be guided by clear economic evaluation.


When two or more particles are separated by distances smaller than the characteristic thermal wavelength, the radiation exchange is said to be in the "near-field" regime and may exceed the blackbody limit by several orders of magnitude [1]. Several variations on the discrete dipole approximation (DDA), a well-known numerically exact method for calculating scattering by small particles [2], have recently been applied to predict near-field thermal emission and radiation heat transfer among particles [3–5]. If they are spheroidal, smaller than the characteristic wavelength, and separated by a distance greater than the effective radius, the particles may be represented as point dipoles and the radiation exchange is solved exactly with the many-body radiative transfer theory [3,4]. When these conditions are not met, the particles may be discretized into subvolumes to calculate the radiative heat transfer [5]. However, the stochastic nature of the interaction matrices when thermal sources are used imposes limitations on solution methodologies typically used with the DDA, which creates computational challenges for large particles, small separation distances, or many particles. In this talk we review the application of the DDA to near-field thermal radiation among small particles, and we summarize solution methodologies and limitations for different size and separation distance regimes. We describe notable results for each case, and we discuss options moving forward to achieve computationally efficient solutions for near-field thermal radiation in manybody nanosystems.


Purpose: In the partial thickness burn management, despite of several advantages, the use of human amniotic membrane has been limited. The authors applied dried bovine amniotic membrane(DBAM) to overcome disadvantages of amniotic membrane for partial thickness burn and to compare the effectiveness of cultured allogenic keratinocytes(CAK) that have been recently used for the management of burn. Methods: From August 2007 to May 2008, 16 patients with partial thickness burn were assigned to this study. The ages ranged from 12 to 59, with the average of 38. Either DBAM or CAK were applied, and the secondary dressing was removed on the following day. To compare treatment effect, time for epithelization, Vancouver scar scale and chromameteric results were evaluated. Results: The time for epithelization was 10.1 days and 9.1 days in DBAM and CAK, respectively, which are shorter than the previous 2-3 weeks. At the follow up Vancouver scar scale was 2.8 in DBAM and 3.0 points in CAK, both of which showed good results. The results of chromameter showed that the L, a, and b values of the area applied DBAM were 60.1, 13.6, and 13.3, respectively, and the values of the area applied CAK were 60.1, 12.4, and 12.4, respectively. It was found that the skin color of the healed area after burn was darker, the redness was higher, and the yellowness was lower. After dressing, no significant side effects were observed, and in the cases of applying CAK, it was inconvenient as the moving area had to be fixed. Conclusion: As CAK, DBAM has several advantages such as the shortening of the epithelization period, reduction of scar and pigmentation, and convenient application, etc., it is an effective method for the partial thickness burn management.


In this paper, performances of BITCM system are analyzed in AWGN and Rayleigh channels. The bandwidth efficiency is specified as 2 bit/s/Hz and 3 bit/s/Hz, and different tradeoffs are made between code rate and modulation constellation in BITCM transmitter. Monte Carlo simulation results indicate that the BITCM systems with same bandwidth efficiency perform diversely. In AWGN channel, it has better BER performance with smaller constellation size, but in Rayleigh channel, with lower code rate, it has shown greater anti-fading and anti-noise capability. An explanation is given for that and general principles are proposed as to how to choose an appropriate combination scheme of code rate and modulation constellation in BITCM system under different channel conditions.


Abstract Poetry is a powerful form of writing that has received relatively little attention from geography educators. However, most poetry is imbued with explicit and vivid references to physical and human phenomena over space, and is thus a source of information that may help illustrate a variety of geographic concepts. This article uses William Pattison's four traditions of geography as a framework for illustrating the explicitly spatial concepts present in selected poetry. Through the poetry of authors like Walt Whitman, Robert Frost, and Maya Angelou, this work introduces a new perspective from which to teach and to learn familiar geographic themes.


Based on the insight that risk exposure as quantified in the consumption based asset pricing model (CCAPM) is linearly proportional to the cash flow growth rate, we introduce a discounted cash flow model with a time-varying expected return structure matching the implicitly assumed risk exposure at each future point in time in the valuation model, i.e. the assumed cash flow growth rate process. This reduces the range of reasonable valuations outcomes to useful levels, given that the linearly proportional term structures of potential cash flow growth rates and equity risk premia are complementary, offsetting variables in a discounted cash flow pricing model. In the same manner we elaborate a time-varying internal cost of capital (ICC) model that reflects the implied risk exposure at each future point in time and thus has a clear interpretation as an expected return process. This time-varying ICC model is superior to the constant ICC model in a Fama-MacBeth regression setting to predict future realised returns. And using the expected return of the time varying ICC model as control in a Fama-MacBeth regression of the profitability, the investment and the value factor, both the profitability and the value factor become insignificant in explaining future realised returns. The superiority and economic significance of the time-varying ICC model is further con firmed in a trading strategy with yearly rebalancing.


Estimates on lost reservoir capacity in India provide an alarming picture. There are several instances of soil erosion and sedimentation with run-off water. The cost of sediment removal from a large reservoir may be high, in addition to cost of dam construction. The present article estimates the loss to economy by siltation of Sardar Sarovar reservoir through loss of electricity generation and agricultural productivity. The article also suggests adoption of intensive soil and moisture conservation measures on scientific lines from protection viewpoint.


Summary It was found that in some patients with chronic poliomyelitis very weak muscles can be found which seem to consist of one remaining motor unit. A study of their properties has been made by recording the action potentials through skin leads.


The growing number of spatiotemporal datasets is an essential driver for bio-economy. Interoperability is needed to ensure efficient use of these data and had been addressed by standardization institutions, such as OGC and AIMS. Both of them promote the use of Semantic Web standards (e.g., GeoSPArql) as one pillar for interoperability [1]. A significant challenge to strengthen the utility of Semantic Web approaches is linking. Its central goal in the context of spatiotemporal datasets is the (semi-automatic) discovery of geospatial referents, such as events, areas, and places which are not yet linked or georeferenced. While the linking task is intrinsically challenging, it is especially resource- and time-consuming when processing and linking Semantic Big Data. This paper will demonstrate an approach which improves and automates linking Semantic Big Data and show its potential usage for bio-economy.


The research on College Chinese Language and Literature primarily focuses on the position,course,literature selection and the endless disputes between literariness and utility,humanity and instrumentality.The research on teaching methods is relatively weak.It lacks of awareness about the character of college and college students and mechanically requires "new" and copies the new teaching methods of middle and primary schools,which makes the College Chinese Language and Literature become superficial so as to continually weaken its self-value.


Software measurement processes are crucial to plan, organize, monitor, control and improve software processes, products and resources. However, the successful implementation of software measurement processes is a challenging task in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). This paper presents a systematic mapping study to identify the significant factors and challenges of successful implementation of measurement processes. In total, 24 primary studies are analyzed after applying the mapping process. The most important success factors are measurement planning, measurement maturity, and budget allocation to implement a measurement process. This study aims to help SMEs to conduct a feasibility study before planning a measurement process.


The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of company characteristics (profitability, leverage, company size) and GCG (board size, proportion of independent commissioners, managerial ownership) on CSR disclosure. The population in this study was the mining sector companies listed on the IDX from 2017 to 2019, amounting to 47 companies. Purposive sampling was used in the study, and data were collected by utilizing documentary approaches, obtaining a final sample of 69 analysis units. The data analysis technique used was descriptive statistical and inferential statistical analysis with the IBM SPSS 25 application. The result shows that profitability, leverage, the proportion of independent commissioners, and managerial ownership significantly negatively affect CSR disclosure, but company size has a significant positive effect on CSR disclosure. in contrast, the board size does not affect CSR disclosure. This study concludes that the bigger the company size, the higher the CSR disclosure. Furthermore, the higher the profitability, leverage, proportion of independent commissioners, and managerial ownership, the lower the CSR disclosure.


Dirac electrons in graphene are to lowest order spin 1/2 particles, owing to the orbital symmetries at the Fermi level. However, anisotropic corrections in the $g$-factor appear due to the intricate spin-valley-orbit coupling of chiral electrons. We resolve experimentally the $g$-factor along the three orthogonal directions in a large-scale graphene sample. We employ a Hall bar structure with an external magnetic field of arbitrary direction, and extract the effective $g$-tensor via resistively-detected electron spin resonance. We employ a theoretical perturbative approach to identify the intrinsic and extrinsic spin orbit coupling and obtain a fundamental parameter inherent to the atomic structure of $^{12}$C, commonly used in ab-initio models.


Abstract. The article describes the topic of classification of tourism. In fact, tourism is a complex system that covers the processes, connections. According to M. Malska, tourism is a type of recreation associated with going outside the place of residence. On the other hand, the concept of tourism is derived from the French "tour" (walk, trip) and is a leisure trip, one of the types of active recreation, according to World Tourism Organization (WTO) definition [1]. The main functions are economic, humanitarian, ecological and social. Tourism can be classified according to various criteria. Forms of tourism are determined by quantitative parameters. According to experts, now more than 50 % of all travel in the world is by individual transport. Western Europe, according to the popularity rating, is still ranked first by rail – 38 % of travel, followed by sea and river cruises – 30 %, followed by air transport – 22 % and 10 % - buses and cars. The most massive is the world market of recreational tourism, which covers more than 70 % of total revenues in the world and is characterized by a progressive pace of development and stability of tourist demand. Thus, in Western Europe it is 68 % of the tourism market, America – 76 %, South Asia – 73 %, Africa – 30 %. According to WTO statistics, sales of business tourism services are divided as follows: 70 % of sales are individual business tours; 13 % - conferences and seminars; 11 % - visiting and participating in exhibitions, fairs; 3 % - congress and incentive tourism [5, p. 67-74]. Ecological tourism is a type of rapidly developing tourism. According to WTO estimates, its share in world tourism is 2-4 %, but the annual growth rate reaches 30 %. In conclusion, the results of the review of classification in tourism, which accorded to WTO statistics. Year by year, tourism is growing incredibly fast, updating the data will include more specialists of the world, which will lead to development of the sphere. Nonetheless, there are a number of aspects that need to be considered and studied, which determines the prospects for further research. Key words: functions, forms of tourism, tour, travel, benefits, route, criterion, incentive, load, tourism product, parameters.


Abstract : Three alloys were selected as being suitable for addition of elements designed to bring about precipitation hardening: Ti-17V-10Cr-3Al, Ti-8Mo-8V-7. 5Fe-3Al and Ti-15Mo-5Fe-3Al. Addition of 0.5-1%Si to Ti-17V-10Cr-3Al followed by water quenching from solution temperatures of around 2000F and aging at 1150- 1250F, produced Vickers hardness increases of up to 100 points upon aging without visible microstructural change. Although precipitation hardening of a stable beta alloy was thus achieved, grain growth and embrittlement were encountered because of the high temperatures required to dissolve the silicide. Work was then redirected toward development of two other types of alloy: a moderate strength stable beta alloy, and a high strength metastable beta alloy hardenable by alpha precipitation. Two stable beta alloys, Ti-17V-10Mn-3Al and Ti-8Mo-8V-6Fe-3Al, and two metastable beta alloys, Ti-17V-4Fe-3Al and Ti-8Mo-8V- 2Fe-3Al were evaluated. However, the stable beta alloys had brittle welds, and work on these was discontinued. They were replaced by 'stabilized' alloys, metastable alloys aged at 1100-1200F to suppress the maximum aging response and reach a strength plateau. Four such alloysTi-8Mo-8V-5Co-3Al, Ti-17V-7.5Co-3Al, Ti-17V-2Fe-2Co-3Al and Ti-8Mo-8V-2Fe-3Al - were evaluated in this condition. Ti-8Mo-8V-2Fe-3Al proved to be best of the high strength metastable beta candidates. On a basis of smooth and notched tensile properties at room temperature and 600F, creep stability and stress corrosion resistance, Ti-8Mo- 8V-2Fe-3Al was selected for mill production.


World Arts  is an  inherent part of human  life and  the  land  to work out any sense would think in the form of objects. Visual arts emerged as an important part  in  the  scope of material culture and continue  to grow  in  line with  the dynamics  people. Therefore much  art  work  produced  by  artists which capable of pouring creativity through various media and occurred in various areas,including  in  Indonesia.When  we  try  to  listen  to  cultural  wealth  of nations, both verbal and non verbal, either primary or secular , would look so rich source garapnya. In these cultural treasures, the source of work posted very pour , very diverse, even comes with a power generating common outside. There are charm and unique taste it bears, including the diversity of form is loaded with symbolism and value adhi. From several sources mentioned that the aspect of literacy work of art  it  is possible  to maturation media-character or moral reason which was rejected on the mores (ie, on the basis of norms of behavior habits, customs). Since  the socio-political atmosphere culminated  into a situation  that brings an update on various aspects of life, the existence of art seem slightly delayed echo nya.Dua  three decades before  the millennium,  the existence of  the art of singing was enough to inspire a lot of the hype. State-laden islands local culture, was rushed to reinvent its image in the middle of a worldwide cultural upheaval. This does not mean that what's been growing and developing is a deviation from the existing cultural roots. Many observers have even glanced at the art of cultural behaviors that tend to compromise on the aspirations of the people who heterogin and dynamics of  the  times. Similarly,  brief  exposure  can  I  convey  on  this  occasion,  and  as  a reflection of all that appears also in the works of artists on display and deliver meaningful messages for you in coverage mengapresiasikannya as the impact the  results of  the artist  / artists.


In this paper, we study the origin and charac teristics of conflict problems in concurrent engineering and analyze the disadvantages of existing sy stems for solving conflicts. Considering complexities of concurrent engineering , we propose a case-based conflict resolution approach applied to concurrent engi neering and introduce the architecture and function of the case-based system. At last, we describe the relationship between the conflict resolution system and other systems of concurrent engineering.


In the course of the dissection of certain Brachiopoda with which I have recently been engaged, I have met with so many peculiarities which are unnoticed in the extant and received accounts of their anatomy, that although the pressure of other duties prevents me from attempting to work out the subject with any degree of completeness for the present, yet I gladly avail myself of the opportunity of communicating a few of the more important results at which I have arrived, in the hope that they may find a place in the Proceedings of the Royal Society.


AbstractThis paper presents a computational study of the effects of nitrogen and sulfur oxides doping on the ignition of methane-air mixtures under marine engine–like conditions. The performance of...


Climate is changing. Weather conditions are becoming more extreme; we are expecting fiercer storm surges, more intense seasonal precipitation patterns and, in some calculations, up to three meters relative sea level rise. Especially the south coast of the North Sea will be affected the most. Particularly in the Netherlands, the coastal topography is shallow and densely populated. Rotterdam is one of the lowest urban areas along the south coast and it is here where changes will be most apparent. The city is built in a natural river delta, which has been altered extensively in the last millennia to facilitate a desirable and safe living environment for its inhabitants, initiating in the 14th century by damming the river Rotte. From then on, the settlement around the lock mechanism has evolved into one of the biggest urban areas in the Netherlands. It is here, where floods would cause economic loss through property damage and therefore social disruption to the population. My aim was to investigate into the most vulnerable residential districts of the city: Noordereiland, the sole urban river island of Rotterdam, proved itself as the first neighbourhood to flood in a case of high water levels. Not protected by dikes and lying the lowest above current mean water level, it presents itself as the most urgent district to investigate, seeing it as an ideal urban test laboratory to asses solutions to flooding in an urban environment. Firstly, limiting myself to the extents of the urban block, my project aim was to develop a systematic of how to convert the morphology of it under the extreme scenario of flooding. The system is composed of repetitive added portal structures, which span over the existing buildings. These build the framework for a new vertical circulation system, originating in corner gaps of the blocks. The circulatory system is built up by arcades on the inside and outside facades of the block, affixed to the sides of the portals. The new system converts the individual access routes of the units into a collective one for the whole block. Furthermore, extending over the whole island, these arcades, connecting the individual blocks by bridges, provide a new three-dimensional route across the whole district, providing it with an alternative plane to the flooded ground floor. Additionally, the portal structure provides a new foundation for added structures on top of the existing buildings, which compensate for the lost ground floor level. The project is experimenting in how the urban block could re-structure its morphology to cope with flooding. The purpose of the added structure is not to act as an autonomous piece of architecture, superimposed onto the existing fabric. However, as a supporting system to aid the morphological conversion of the block, and in turn, the whole island.


(1999) Qual Health Res 9, 119; Kahn DL . . . Making the best of it: adapting to the ambivalence of a nursing home environment . . . Jan; . : . –32. .

[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2]

 Question How do older adults adjust to the dual nature of a Jewish nursing home environment as both an "institution" and a "home"?

Interpretative anthropology.

A 145 bed Jewish nursing home in the western US.

A convenience sample of 21 people (19 women, mean age 85.5 y) who expected to be in the nursing home until they died. All had major health problems and most (76%) were unable to walk without assistance. Length of residency ranged from 3 months to 10 years.

During the 9 month study period, data were collected using ethnographic interviews and participant observation. Multiple conversational interviews were held with each of the participants (range of 5−18 interviews for each participant) and recorded via audiotape. Analysis of interview transcripts and field notes included multiple readings of the text in multiple ways, identification of categories, grouping of categories into themes, and explication of themes in a narrative text.

Participants articulated a dynamic tension between their feelings about the nursing home as a "home" and as an "institution." They responded to this …

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Chronic abacterial prostatitis is one of the most common diseases among the male population, both in Ukraine and abroad. Pharmaceutical compounding in conditions of the pharmacy allows individual selection of active substances and their doses, consideration of characteristics of the patient, etc.
The aim of this work was justification of the extemporaneous technology of suppositories preparation based on the medicine «Trezivit-prost» for the treatment of prostatitis.
The objects of research were suppositories with a complex of active ingredients (aspen bark dry extract, zinc sulfate heptahydrate and α-tocopherol acetate). When conducting research, the following pharmacotechnological, physical and chemical methods were used: the deviation of average weight, melting point, resistance to destruction, time of full deformation, according to the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine.
Choice of cocoa butter as a suppository base when pharmaceutical compounding of these suppositories is reasoned.
Technology of preparation of extemporaneous suppositories for treatment of prostatitis is justified. The critical parameters of technological process are set. A flowchart of pharmaceutical compounding and quality control of combined suppositories at the pharmaceutical conditions is proposed.
The main quality indicators of combined suppositories are investigated. Based on the obtained results, the conclusion about the proper quality of suppositories received on the proposed extemporaneous preparation technology is made.


We investigate the conditions of lake generation in impact craters and subsequent deltaic formation, and what is the critical amount of water, and its duration in order to excavate the valleys, form the lake and the delta.


We have demonstrated for the first time, all-optical demultiplexing of a 40 Gb/s OTDM signal with simultaneous wavelength conversion of 19 nm at a bit error rate of 10/sup -10/, using a dual pump wave mixing scheme in a bulk semiconductor optical amplifier. The performance of the proposed all-optical demultiplexer/shifter can be further improved and the corresponding optimization procedures have also been discussed.


The present invention is a cell proliferation myeloma cells, migration or apoptosis, or a pharmaceutical combination for the treatment of diseases associated with angiogenesis. The invention also includes an auxiliary therapy with co-administration and / or radiation therapy cumulative and the ratio giving a synergistic effect, an effective amount of the particular active compound, method of treatment the disorder, as well as corresponding pharmaceutical combination preparations the use of combined of these specific compounds and / or radiation therapy for the manufacture of.


The article takes the distinction between public and private speech in the areas of public employment and defamation, where the leading cases are Connick v. Myers and Dun & Bradstreet v. Greenmoss Builders, Inc., respectively, and shows the difficulty which the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts have had in defining public and private speech in First Amendment cases. The thrust of the article is to formulate a clearer definition suitable for use by jurists and lawyers in First Amendment free-speech cases by resorting to three writers of philosophical bent who have addressed the question of what consitutes the "public": John Dewey, in The Public and Its Problems; Hannah Arendt, in the chapter "The Public and the Private Realm" in her book The Human Condition; and Walter Lippmann in The Public Philosophy. The article further relates the views of Dewey, Arendt, and Lippmann to conventional judicial and scholarly rationales for freedom of speech like the instrumental rationale of political governance and the intrinsic rationale of self-expression, especially as developed in the early formative period of freespeech values by Justices Holmes and Brandeis. In the course of the argument, the metaphilosophical ideas and methods of Richard P. McKeon are used, in connection with the writers' views of what constitutes the "public," to develop a model of convergence. This model of convergence is then used to achieve the major goal of the article, philosophical clarification of the standards for identifying public and private speech in constitutional litigation. To this end the model of convergence, employing a plurality of meanings for the "public," is applied to the mass of confusing case law in the lower federal courts, offering practical solutions to problems of conflict and ambiguity in particular concrete cases.


Variable length code is an integral component of many international standards on image and video compression currently. Context-based Adaptive Variable Length Coding(CAVLC) is adopted by the emerging JVT(also called H.264, and AVC in MPEG-4). In this paper, we design an architecture for CAVLC encoder, including a coeff_token encoder, level encoder, total_zeros encoder and run_before encoder. The designed CAVLC encoder can encode one syntax element in one clock cycle. As a result of implementation by Vertex-1000e of Xilinx, its operation frequency is 68MHz. Therefore, it is very suitable for video applications that require high throughput.


The paper look at how internet technologies provide rich and flexible media for representing what students know and what they are learning. It also discusses the various internet technologies that every educator should understand and its expected use in the classroom with their students. It has also explored the benefits of internet technologies as a tool in teaching learning process and also promotes the opportunities of restructuring the teaching process.


A fourth Nashville-based thriller featuring private eye Harry James Denton, whose latest assignment takes him into the city's strip clubs as he searches for a troubled teenager. Follows DEAD FOLKS' BLUES, TORCH TOWN BOOGIE and WAY PAST DEAD.


The thesis examines the role of women in the Ku Klux Klan in the early 1920s. The author seeks to analyze the following aspects: the main goal is to prove that the foundation and the very existence of the women's auxiliary (WKKK) points to inner tensions within the movement. The WKKK, therefore, can be used as a model or a case study in order to highlight all the issues the Klan had to face, from financial struggles and various allegations to transient and unstable membership. Secondly, the author sets out to verify whether and to what degree WKKK members legitimized the Klan, be it from the outside (public opinion) or from the inside. The author also places emphasis on the fact that the Klan should not be primarily viewed as a violent racist organization, but as a group of members who felt threatened by the outside world from which they needed to shelter themselves. Social life of the Klan and what role Klanswomen had, charity work, or interventions in local affairs play a vital role in this thesis as a result. Last but not least, proper understanding of primary sources is essential. They are obviously highly subjective and serve as a prime example of how reality differed from what was stated. (W)KKK pamphlets and writings were colored by fear of the so-called "other". Most texts written by critics and also journalists, conversely, indicate lack of knowledge and understanding for Klansmen as well as Klanswomen.


Globally, millions of street children live in the streets where they are deprived of social, economic, education and health opportunities for their survival. Street children grow up in an environment where equanimity and psychosocial stability is frequently threatened. To the worst, their health is compromised by shoddier and everyday deteriorating environmental conditions. This is compounded by inadequate research on health issues of street children hence, lack of enough data in planning effective interventions for them. This paper is an extract of a larger study that was conducted in Eldoret town and partly looks into the health implications of children living on the streets in Eldoret town, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. A cross sectional descriptive type of study was conducted among 45 street children between the ages 8 to 16 years who were available at different bases of Eldoret town. Study findings show that street children in Eldoret face myriad health challenges which included poor access to health facilities where they were discriminated against and were also required to buy medication prescribed to them by health providers. The study recommends that sustainable interventions should be in place to remove street children from the streets to prevent them from exposure to harsh conditions that threaten their survival and development.


The polarized Galactic thermal dust emission constitutes a major probe for the study and the characterization of the Galactic Magnetic Field (GMF). In this paper, we apply the maximum-likelihood analysis that we established in our companion paper (Pelgrims, Macias-Perez & Ruppin) to model the large-scale regular-component of the GMF from the polarized diffuse emission from Galactic thermal dust as measured by $Planck$ at 353 GHz. As a first attempt, we consider three models to describe the dust density distribution across the whole Galaxy and four models for the GMF. All models are parametric and heuristics and leave us with twelve reconstructions of the GMF geometrical structure. These reconstructions are obtained at the $N_{\rm{side}} = 64$ and provide the first constraints on the GMF obtained through Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis from thermal dust polarization data. This work demonstrates that competitive constraints on the GMF can be obtained from the polarized thermal dust sky as compared to other observational probes.


We previously proposed a fast maximum a posteriori (MAP) algorithm, limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno with boundary constrains (LBFGS-B-PC), combining LBFGS-B with diagonal preconditioning. Previous results have shown in simulations that it converges using around 40 projections independent of many factors. The aim of this study is to improve the algorithm further by using a better initial image and a modified preconditioner that is less sensitive to noise and data scale. By initializing the algorithm with the best initial image (one full iteration of OSEM with 35 subsets), ROI values can converge almost twice as fast for the same computation time. Moreover, the new preconditioner makes the performance more consistent between high and low count data sets. In addition, we have found a means to choose the stopping criteria to reach a desired level of quantitative accuracy in the reconstructed image. Based on the results with patient data, the optimized LBFGS-B-PC shows promise for clinical imaging.


The biological tissues exhibit their distinct optical characteristics. Their point-to-point compositional variation could either be determined by the optical parameters or reconstruction of the reflectance or tomographic images. The optical parameters, absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of goat tissues and human post-mastectomy breast specimen are determined by matching of their reflectance profile, as measured by multi-probe laser reflectometer, with that obtained by Monte Carlo simulation of optical scattering. The reflectance image of the mastectomy sample is reconstructed by measurement of reflectance at its various locations. The image thus obtained shows point-to-point variation in tissue composition. By multi-slice tomographic system the size and shape of the inclusions of different optical properties in a phantom made of goat fat are determined. By these procedures the structural variation in healthy and diseased tissues are determined and their relevance to early detection of tumour in tissues is discussed.


In Vivo imaging has emerged as a critical tool in visualization in preclinical research studies related to the development of new therapeutic agents [1]. The term "in vivo" refers to the performance of these preclinical research studies with live animals, and most commonly with small rodents such as mice or rats. Never before has the path from our knowledge of molecular changes to clinical decisions been as clear as with the techniques such as in vivo imaging. In Vivo Imaging studies can actually range from the molecular level to cells, tissues and organs and can be useful in longitudinal studies in the context of observing responses to physiological changes [2]. In vivo imaging technology systems can be grouped into systems focused on molecular structures and morphological/anatomical structures. In vivo imaging technology focused on anatomical structures includes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computer tomography or CT, high-frequency ultrasound while imaging technology focused on molecular structures includes positron emission tomography or PET, fluorescence, bioluminescence and single photon emission computed tomography or SPECT.


T1DM is one of the most common chronic childhood illnesses. It is characterised by insulin deficiency resulting from the destruction of pancreatic beta cells. As of 2014, there are approximately 15,000– 20,000 New Zealanders with T1DM, which is approximately 5–8% of all New Zealanders with diabetes. Individuals with T1DM are often diagnosed in childhood/adolescence. Subsequently, their need to depend on insulin for survival for the rest of their lives presents unique challenges to the individual, their family, and the healthcare providers involved in the management and monitoring. The following discussion aims to review some of the existing diabetes technologies and address the understudied psychological aspects of diabetes management in adolescents, with a special focus on our case patient.


The Permutation Test for Testing the Statistical Significance of the Power Spectrum Estimation in Dendrochronological Analysis The study presents a proposal of application of the statistical permutation test, known from other applications, for searching for the symptoms of cyclicity, in particular related to solar activity, in the annual growth sequences of trees. The test consists in generation of random sequences of the increment widths observed and comparison of their periodograms with the periodogram of the sequence analysed. This allows for evaluation of the significance of the individual frequencies in the total variability. The model calculations carried out indicate that in the studies on cyclicity in dendrochronological sequences satisfactory results could be obtained in the analysis of sets of the individual sequences (but not the chronologies produced from them). It is important to generate sufficiently high numbers (1000 and more) of random sequences and to apply relatively low significance levels (at 0.05, or even 0.01).


Objective To investigated the diagnostic value of various imaging methods in non metastatic thyroid carcinoma and improve the diagnostic level of the disease.Methods The data were analyzed retrospectively in 32cases with non metastatic thyroid carcinoma confirmed by pathology,the images of ultrasound,CT,MRI and PET/CT before operation were compared with pathology.Results 27cases were presented in one side of thyroid,4cases in one lobe and isthmus,and 1case in both sides.The size of tumors ranged from 0.4×0.5to 5.5×8centimeters,including 4cases lower than 1centimeters,22cases from 1to 4centimeters,6cases higher than 4centimeters.28cases were of circular shape and 4cases were of irregular shape.45cases were cystic or solid-cystic,and the remaining 5were solid lesions.The edge of tumor were clear in 20cases,12cases of marginal or part of the edge is not clear.7cases were homogeneous density,25cases were uneven density(of which 18cases were cystic degeneration,hemorrhage in 5cases).Calcification were seen in 14cases,18cases without calcification.There were various display rate in four inspection of the lesions,as for different advantages and disadvantages in disease diagnosis.The qualitative diagnosis rate was decreased from PET/CT(87.5%),CT(68.8%),B ultrasound(62.5%)to MRI(50%),there were significant differences in PET/CT and CT,B ultrasound and MRI(P0.05).There were also statistically significant differences between CT,B ultrasound and MRI groups(P0.05).Conclusion B ultrasound is the prefered examination method on diagnosis of non metastatic thyroid carcinoma.It is an qualitative and preoperative examination method on computer tomography.PET/CT is the most effective examination method on diagnosis of non metastatic thyroid carcinoma.There were some advantages in the diagnosis of thyroid microcarcinoma in PET/CT and MRI.


The identity of the University of Gadjah Mada (UGM) is a National University, University of Struggle, University of Pancasila, the Popular University and the University Cultural Center. One identity UGM as Pancasila University, namely: "The university that sets establishment and his outlook on life based on Pancasila.With the mission of improving education, research and community service world class, populist identity and socio-cultural construct Indonesia ...From the quote above is a realization that asserts that one of the characters / Identity is the University of Gadjah Mada University populist. A university that upholds the values of democracy, simplicity, harmony, and simplicity. And of its values are to be implemented into the design concept and the idea of building the student, the student so that the building can be a harmonious part in lifting the values of the University of Gadjah Mada.Democracy and Social-Cultural, is one idea / concept design that will writers employ to design a building student air-character UGM, and can answer the problems in the context of Messo (UGM) and Micro (PKM), and is expected by the concept can be a differentiator between student building at another university.Keywords : mall, malls character, semi-street mall.


This paper investigates the use of uniform circular arrays (UCAs) having specially synthesized patterns at the base stations of WCDMA cellular systems, and the realized reduction in intercell interference. UCAs are very practical for this type of application as they can provide 360 degrees of coverage. UCA patterns that are steering-invariant and where the sidelobe levels are controllable are synthesized. The decrease in the ratio of intercell interference to intracell power resulting from the use of these arrays in a beamsteering scheme will be assessed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each pattern type will be discussed.


Abstract This contribution addresses the general theme of Multifunctionality and syncretism in non-finite forms. When we see a particular form in a number of different environments yielding different effects, what does it mean to say that this reflects multifunctionality rather than syncretism? As a refinement of multifunctionality the notion of 'multi-effectuality' is introduced: one element participates in different derivations, performing one and the same operation, but yields different interpretive effects depending on the environment. The analysis takes as a starting point the role of the affix -en in Dutch. The canonical view is that when attached to a verb stem, -en functions either as an infinitival marker or as a nominalizing affix. It is shown that this view cannot be maintained. The "functions" of -en are unified by analyzing it as projecting an 'eventuality expression', with different effects depending on the syntactic environment. The analysis is extended to English, focusing on the contrasts between Dutch and English infinitives and on the role of the English -ing affix in gerunds and participles. The discussion proceeds with an analysis of Frisian with its two forms of the infinitive and concludes with some reflections on the relation between syntactic and semantic categories.


Horizontal drilling and completion advances in tight gas and shales have allowed access to significant new resources both in existing fields and new plays. Open hole multi-stage fracturing (MSF) technologies using ball operated sleeves and openhole packers have generally been effective in delivering high productivity wells, worldwide. Successful case histories treating tight shale gas with MSF completions abound in current literature, however, it is important to note that a majority of these case histories deal with reservoirs with high pressures. Often tight gas reservoirs are initially found to be over-pressured (higher than water gradient), but as with all depletion drive systems, the reservoir pressure depletes with the removal of fluids. Pressure depletion brings along with it its own set of challenges. The wells cease to have the ability to flow naturally to surface, liquid loading, and artificial lift are issues that come to the forefront. Conventional multi-stage stimulation that was seemingly fast and efficient in high pressure environment loses its appeal in sub-hydrostatic pressure wells. The time spent between each stimulation stage to the onset of well flowback becomes long and detrimental to the recovery of the well. The fracturing fluid lost to the formation can negatively alter the relative permeability of gas in the reservoir and the longer the time spent to recover the fluids the damage tends to get irreversible. Quick and efficient clean-up of fracturing fluid is indispensable to maintain a well's productivity in tight, low pressure gas reservoirs.
 A new generation of multi-stage completion systems is discussed in this paper. These multiple stage tools are operated by a single ball that opens several of the treating sleeves in one run thus allowing a large section of the reservoir to be treated simultaneously. The stimulation fluid placement is enhanced by pumping through limited entry ports of the stimulation sleeves at optimum injection rates supported by modern particulate diverting agents, and energized fluids. The operation time between the first stimulation (acid) stage hitting the formation to the well being flowed back can be cut down to a matter of few hours from an otherwise operation of a few days.
 The results from this step change in completion and stimulation design have been spectacular providing several folds of productivity improvement. This application provides a fundamentally sound solution for treating low pressure, tight reservoirs.


ABSTRACT. Organic single crystal of 2-aminopyridinium 2,4-dinitrophenolate single crystal was grown by slow evaporation technique. The cell parameters and space group (P1) were determined from single X-ray diffraction analysis. HRXRD studies ascertained the crystalline quality. UV-Visible and PL spectral studies revealed the emission in red region, transparency (75%) cutoff wavelength around 440 nm respectively. The laser damage threshold of grown crystal was estimated by using Nd:YAG laser beam and these results were mutually related with specific heat capacity of the grown crystal. The third-order nonlinear optical parameters were estimated by Z-scan technique which is useful for optical applications.


Simulations show the impact of transfer characteristics of non-ideal optical single side band filters and modulator characteristic on the transmission performance of an optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (O-OFDM) system.


Refillable liquid dispenser (1) in which a reservoir (10) of given capacity is associated with a cooling unit (30), the reservoir (10) having a hollow body (13), a supply mouth (14) for respective filling, and a pipe (16) delimited at the bottom by a delivery mouth (15) for respective emptying, a metering device (40) being associated with the pipe (16) for allowing delivery of given quantities of liquid, the hollow body (13) being provided with walls made of flexible material and being removable and of the disposable type so that it can be easily replaced, the cooling unit (30) comprising a direct voltage electric circuit for powering at least one heat exchanger provided with facing electric plates which can be excited by an electric charge of opposite sign.


Oil Spill detection serves a significant application of marine pollution monitoring. Timely rescue in case of ocean oil spills due to accidents or vessel discharges is very important for the marine ecosystem. This paper discusses the experiment done in this line using VGGNet based transfer learning. The input to the proposed system is decomposed polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar data. The decomposition is done through ESA PolSARpro 5.1. The paper discusses the analysis of empirical study of transfer learning based VGGNet for classification of oil spill on ocean surface.


Volatile, trace and rare earth elements were measured in melt inclusions and matrix glasses using the Cameca ims-4f ion microprobe at the University of Edinburgh, over three analytical sessions between March and July 2015. Carbon was measured separately from other volatile and trace elements, and samples were only carbon-coated for electron microprobe analysis once the SIMS measurements were completed.


Globally, more than 19,000 fungi are reported to infect agricultural crops with diseases. As the supplier of human energy, crops are seen as being significant. Plant diseases can harm leaves at any point during planting and harvest, greatly reducing crop productivity and the general market's financial worth. Consequently, the early diagnosis of leaf disease is crucial in farmlands. Agriculture profitability is a key factor in economic growth. This is among the causes why plant disease identification is crucial in the farming sector, as the presence of illness in plants is extremely common. If necessary precautions aren't followed in these regions, plants suffer major consequences, which impact the grade, volume, or production of the corresponding products. For example, the United States has pine trees that are susceptible to a dangerous illness called small-leaf disease and the backbone of the Indian economy is crop plants. It is advantageous to diagnose plant diseases (Black Spot, other leaf spots, powdery mildew, downy mildew, blight, and canker) using an automated method since it lessens the amount of manpower required to maintain megafarms of crops and does so at an incredibly preliminary phase(when they appear on plant leaves). The computerized identification and classification of plant leaf diseases using an imagery segmented system is presented in this work. It also includes an overview of various disease categorization methods that can be applied to the identification of plant leaf diseases. In order to detect disorders in diverse plant leaves, this study provides a review of diverse plant diseases and several classifying algorithms in deep machine learning.


A (one-sided) sequence or (two-sided) bisequence is irreducible provided it contains no block of the form BBb, where b is the initial symbol of the block B. Gottschalk and Hedlund [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 15 (1964), 70-74] proved that the set of irreducible binary bisequences is the Morse minimal set M. Let M+ denote the one-sided Morse minimal set, i.e. M + = {xOXIx2 .. .: ... x x . . . E M}. Let P + denote the set of all irreducible binary sequences. We establish a method for generating all x E P +. We also determine P + M +. Considering P + as a one-sided symbolic flow, P + is not the countable union of transitive flows, thus P + is considerably larger than M+. However M+ is the w-limit set of each x E P +, and in particular M + is the nonwandering set of P +. 0. Introduction. The Morse minimal set has been characterized [3] as the set of all doubly-infinite sequences on two symbols which have the property that they contain no block of the form BBb, where b is the initial symbol of the block B. Let us call (two-sided) bisequences, (one-sided) sequences and blocks (finite strings) which satisfy this property irreducible. What is the set of all irreducible sequences on two symbols? Is it the same as the one-sided version of the Morse minimal set? We shall develop a procedure to construct every irreducible sequence. We then use this to show that, not only does the set of all of them properly contain the one-sided Morse minimal set, but that there are uncountably many irreducible sequences for which no "tail" is in the one-sided Morse minimal set. This problem of irreducibility was first considered by Axel Thue [8] in 1912. He was concerned with constructing bisequences which repeated in a uniformly minimal fashion. It is evident that every binary (i.e. using two symbols) sequence and bisequence must contain a block of the form BB, where each occurrence of B represents the same block. Thus there is no stronger nonrepetitive condition for binary sequences or bisequences which holds for blocks of all lengths than that they be irreducible. Thue constructed what is now known as the Morse-Thue bisequence and established its role in determining all irreducible binary bisequences. Independently, Marston Morse constructed the Morse-Thue bisequence in 1917 while working on his dissertation. He first published it in 1921 in [6]. Later in 1944, Morse and Hedlund [7] proved the bisequence to be irreducible. Finally in 1964, Gottschalk and Hedlund [3] proved the aforementioned characterization of the Morse minimal set. It was not until after [3] had appeared in print that Thue's Received by the editors August 2, 1978 and, in revised form, September 18, 1979. AMS (MOS) subject classifications (1970). Primary 05B30, 54H20.


Abstract: With the increase in global investments in offshore wind energy and the rapid implementation of wind technologies in hazardous deep water environments, operational inspection of wind turbines and related infrastructure plays an important role in the safe and efficient operation of offshore wind farms. In recent years, much attention has been paid to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and remotely piloted unmanned aerial vehicles (RPAs) commonly referred to as "drones" for remote inspection of renewable energy infrastructure, i.e. photovoltaic farms and onshore wind farms. Drones have significant potential also in in offshore wind energy. Inspection with drones allows for to reduce not only the number of flight operations (involvement of aircraft and flight crews) and the transport of personnel carrying out the maintenance and repair of offshore wind turbines. With drones is possible carry the equipment transported for hazardous inspection work. The involvement of UAVs also reduces the plant downtime needed to detect faults and collect diagnostic information from the entire wind farm. The benefits of inspection technology in the offshore wind energy industry based on drones are confirmed by the previous tests, and the prospect of offshore energy development encourages further work with the use of UAVs. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that any unexpected failure of the drone system during its mission may interrupt control works (during inspections), and thus reduce the electricity generated by wind turbines. The article presents the potential of drones in the process of inspecting wind farms, including offshore wind farms, presents examples of UAV models used for inspections, indicates methods of conducting inspections with the use of drones and highlights a significant reduction in the costs of the operation of offshore wind farms as a result of limiting the use of manned aviation (helicopters and flight crews) and the elimination of the risk associated with the involvement of personnel to perform inspections of wind farms at sea. The potential of unmanned floating platforms as part of cooperation with UAV in the process of inspecting offshore wind farms was also indicated. Keywords: wind energy, offshore, drones, wind farms, drone inspections, maritime inspections, marine aviation, offshore, offshore wind energy, safety air operations, risk analysis


One of the most important factors for a good result affect in sports are: lack of stress (emotional and nervous overstrain), rest, healthy sleep. The main condition is excellent food. The article considers the positive impact of the use of sports supplements to improve performance in sports and in general for the excellent well-being of the athlete. The aim of the work is to prove the use of nutritional supplements in the training of athletes, especially weightlifters, is quite effective and necessary for high athletic performance. Nutrition plays a huge role in achieving maximum results in fitness, bodybuilding and sports in general. When creating a training strategy, the basis of the nutrition program should be the use of certain types of products. Nutritional supplements, as it follows from this term, are only a supplement, a kind of support for proper nutrition and intensive training (especially with weights). Nutritional supplements are not a panacea, they can in no way replace proper nutrition and proper training. Nutritional supplements are substances that are a building material, protect and increase the function of cells in the body, and do not have a negative impact on human health.
Maintaining excellent health is achieved through the use of sports supplements because the need for these drugs in athletes is very high. Athletes due to heavy physical activity spend a lot of energy, nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids. We see prospects for further research in a detailed consideration of the main components of sports supplements.


Sustainable forest management requires that educational institutional equipped their students with skills which can help them adapt to the new trend in the management of trees and forest. This study was carried to assess the competencies responsible for the success and failure of University of Yaounde I Department of Plant Biology Professional Masters graduate in their working life as a contribution to Global Outlook of Forest Education 2019. 20 graduates with majority graduated in 2014 were interviewed using the Behavioural Event Interview (BEI) and their success and failure stories were recorded and transcribed using the GOFE codes. According to the results, technical competencies were mentioned mostly in the success stories which confirm that the graduates have understood and master their subject matter. General competencies such as leadership and management are very important in the working life of the graduates and were the most mentioned competencies in both success and failure stories. Project management, education and training and written communication are the competencies responsible for graduates to excel as oppose to time management, accuracy and diligence and tolerance are those which graduates lack. The curriculum of the graduate mentioned many social sciences subjects like project and expertise and other classroom and research activities such as research project from which one would have expected the graduates to develop directly or indirectly some of these failure competencies. The fact that graduates do not acquires some of these social science competencies may point to weaknesses both in the part of the administration and the graduates. It is important for the administration to adopt new strategies to help student acquire these competencies which are very necessary in their working life.


We use Stergioulas's RNS code for investigating fast pulsars with equations of state (EOSs) on the causality surface (where the speed of sound is equal to that of light) of the high-density EOS parameter space satisfying all known constraints from both nuclear physics and astrophysics. We show that one possible explanation for GW190814's secondary component, which has mass 2.50–2.67 M⊙, is that it is a superfast pulsar spinning faster than 971 Hz, about 42% below its Kepler frequency. If confirmed, it would be the fastest pulsar with the highest mass yet observed. There is a large and physically allowed EOS parameter space below the causality surface where pulsars heavier than 2.50 M⊙ are supported if they can rotate even faster with critical frequencies that depend strongly on the high-density behavior of nuclear symmetry energy.


The punch problem is reduced to the infinite system of simultaneous equations in which both the norma displacement on the lower face of the layer and the contact stress under the punch are expressed as appropriate series. The effect of the presence of the hole on the stress field is discussed


Research conducted in Edinburgh during the past 7 years has provided partial information about the hormonal aspects of lactational infertility. In non-breastfeeding women the delay in the resumption of normal postpartum ovulatory cycles is chiefly dependent on the time taken for the hypothalamo-pituitary axis to recover from the suppressive effects of pregnancy. In the authors studies the mean time for the resumption of menstruation was 9.1 + or - 0.7 weeks among bottle-feeding women while ovulation resumed at a mean time of 13.4 + or - 2 weeks. Among breastfeeding women in contrast the mean time for resumption of menstruation was 28.4 + or - 2.8 weeks and the mean time to resumption of ovulation was 33.6 + or - 2.8 weeks. IN breastfeeding women the resumption of follicular development is associated with a reduction in either the frequency or duration of suckling episodes. Unclear are the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of ovarian activity in lactating women. Basal luteinizing hormone (LH) but not serum follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) values appear to be reduced in most women during the period of lactational amenorrhea; however there are no LH level changes associated with the various phases in the resumption of ovarian activity. It is hypothesized that the capacity of the hypothalamo-pituitary axis to secrete a normal pulsatile pattern of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and LH starts to recover during the postpartum period but the low levels of estrogen produced by an early developing follicle are sufficient to switch off the reduced GnRH secretion and prevent further LH release and follicular development.


e14603 Background: Increasingly more evidence support the role of the micrornas in tumorgenesis. miR-211 is a microrna that acts as a tumor suppressor at a posttranlational level in colorectal canc...


This thesis describes the studies on the electronic structures of several novel quantum materials by using the Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) technique: Topological Dirac semimetals represent a new state of quantum matter that offers a platform for realizing many exotic physical phenomena. Our ARPES experiment systematically revealed the electronic structures of MSiS (M=Zr, Hf) family and confirmed the Dirac line-nodes states in both compounds. By comparing the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect, we demonstrated that the degeneracy of bands at certain positions of Brillouin zone (BZ) are protected by non-symmorphic symmetry of the crystal. Two dimensional (2D) semiconductors with high carrier mobility and moderate band gap are particularly attractive for their potential broad applications in electronic devices. By using both ARPES and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) techniques, we comprehensively revealed the electronic structure of newly discovered air-stable oxide semiconductor Bi2O2Se. Surface patterns (consisting of 50% Se vacancies) were found on the cleaved sample surface. Remarkably, we found no evidence of undesired in-gap states even in the presence of these surface defects. Spatially resolved ARPES technique has been recently developed, which features its ability to focus the incident beam into submicron region. By using the technique, we studied the electronic structure of square graphene system. The sides of the graphene are found to be aligned with underlying Cu direction, indicating the important role of substrate during the growth of graphene. In addition, large domain twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) was artificially constructed. The van Hove singularity in its band structure caused by interlayer interaction was directly revealed by our ARPES measurement.


Summary Approximately 500 out of a sample of over 2,000 first‐year pupils in 20 secondary schools were identified by their teachers as being either particularly well‐adjusted, maladjusted or as having appeared before a court. These pupils were asked to complete 'semantic differential' scales on which they rated for such concepts as 'myself', 'my mother thinks I am . . .', 'my father thinks I am . . .', 'my friends think I am . . .' and 'my teacher thinks I am . . .'. The investigation was repeated for most of the same pupils in the fourth year. There was little difference in the self‐evaluations of the three groups, but interesting differences emerged between the groups as to how they believed others saw them. The investigation was carried out in 1967 and 1970 as part of the NFER Constructive Education project, sponsored by the Home Office and the Department of Education and Science.


This work approaches two non conventional membrane processes: the osmotic evaporation (OE) and the permeation of supercritical fluids (SCF). The two studied processes present common characteristics like the use of porous membranes, where the transport is carried out in a thermodynamic state different from that of the fluid present in the permeate and/or retentate. In the first part where the study of the EO is presented, the selected model is constituted from various resistances in series. This analysis makes it possible to identify the parameters, resistances and the mechanisms which control the operation. The method that is presented may be easily generalized to other types of membrane contactors. In the second part of the study, the transfer of the supercritical fluids (CO2, N2O) through MFI zeolite membranes is analyzed through the Stefan-Maxwell formulation applied to pure fluids. The results obtained show a clear influence of the interactions between the fluid and the membrane.


This article is a revision ofsomefacts concerning autoshaping. It outlines the theoretical implications of the charaters of the phenomenon, while it criticises rigid postures from the viewpoint of Psychology of learning. It gives an alternative explanation as well as some facts that contradict the more generally accepted interpretations of autoshaping.


The cotton aphid is an important pest insect affecting the profitability of cotton production in the Southwestern USA. In this paper, we study the problem of the optimal timing of pesticide application to control the aphid. The problem is complicated by the presence of a significant predator insect. The predator serves as a natural control of the aphid and is adversely affected by application of pesticide. We determine optimal state dependent rules for application of pesticide. We show that first application of pesticide is a switching time between two dynamic systems.


The goal of this article is to examine the role of transvestism in Judith Butler's early work. In order to do this, we will show the importance of her analysis of drag queens performances in Gender Trouble in relation to her study of gender performativity and political subversion. Furthermore, we will evaluate some objections to her political thought, in general, and to her treatment of trans issues, in particular, and we will demonstrate how both issues have evolved through out her later book


The Tb0.17Co0.83/Si multilayers prepared by a rf magnetron sputtering system with different Si thickness have been investigated. X-ray diffraction, magnetic measurement and Kerr rotation have been performed. With increasing thickness of Si layer t(Si), the perpendicular anisotropy constant K-u decreased rapidly. The saturation magnetization M-s and the Kerr rotation theta(K) decreased linearly when tsi increased. It was assumed that Co2Si and Tb had been formed in the interfacial zone between TbCo and Si layers. The reduction of K-u, M-s and theta(K) is attributed to the decrease of the effective thickness of magnetic layer, which is linear with t(Si).


For statistical purposes, the Revision of Rowland's Preliminary Table of Solar Spectrum Wave-Lengths was divided into 45 sections containing approximately equal numbers of lines. In those sections the atomic solar lines of the various intensity classes were counted, those of intensity exceeding 3 being grouped together. All lines known to be of molecular origin, either solar or telluric, were purposely omitted in order to make the comparison with laboratory data more significant, although the large number of weak lines still unidentified in the Sun leaves some uncertainty in this regard. The total number of lines counted from I 2975 to A 10218 was 18,423. Beyond the limit of Rowland's work, A 7330, the intensity scale is necessarily somewhat different, chiefly with respect to the weakest lines. Since infra-red photography is increasingly difficult for the longer wave-lengths, lower dispersion and resolving power must be used for this region, with the resultant loss of many of the faintest lines. Published intensities of infra-red solar lines


This article is devoted to the consideration of the basic principles of synergetics. The artistic text is considered as a synergistic system, since it has all the properties of this system. Synergistic terms are described in textual terms. Given the results of research in the direction. The role of synergy in textology and literary criticism in general terms is substantiated.


SUBTITLE: EVEN BEFORE SEPTEMBER 11, THE ISSUE OF SLOTS HAD BECOME AN INCREASINGLY THORNY ISSUE IN THE SIDE OF ALLIANCE PROPOSALS. WHEN DEMAND RETURNS, SLOTS COULD BECOME EVEN SCARCER BECAUSE OF THE STRICTER SECURITY REGIME.