The larval pupation progress of Bactrocera minax (Enderlein)(BAM) were investigated in laboratory and citrus orchard of Yidu City, Hubei Province.The results showed that, BAM pupation progress could be accelerated with the rearing temperature decreasing, and BAM larval development and pupation progress could be promoted by the low temperature, but the pupal quality could be improved at relatively higher rearing temperature.Under the natural conditions, BAM pupation progress was closely related to the host varieties (species), with early-maturing Satsuma mandarin the fastest, the medium maturing variety of Satsuma mandarin the second, and Newhall orange the lowest, but the host varieties (species) had no significant effect to the pupation rate.


When using Traffic Engineering (TE) in a dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 network
the Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) TE Label Switched Paths (LSP)
infrastructure may be duplicated, even if the destination IPv4 and
IPv6 addresses belong to the same remote router. In order to achieve
an integrated MPLS TE LSP infrastructure, OSPF routes must be computed
over MPLS TE tunnels created using information propagated in another
OSPF instance. This is solved by advertising cross-address family
(X-AF) OSPF TE information. This document describes an update to
RFC5786 that allows for the easy identification of a router's local
X-AF IP addresses.


Formulation of the problem. In modern conditions, the relevance of research on thematic preparation for the IEA in mathematics is undeniable. External Independent Assessment is now the main instrument of evaluation of the quality of mathematical training for Ukrainian senior school students. In particular, it is used for conducting the State Final Attestation of academic achievements of graduates, as well as as a tool for competitive selection of applicants to Ukrainian high education institutions. Thus, we have no doubt about the importance and the need for research on various aspects of preparation for the EIA in mathematics. One such aspect is the thematic repetition of the school mathematics course. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal we apply some empirical methods: observation of the training process of the students during their studying on training courses for the EIA in mathematics and analysis of the results of their achievements. The research also used a set of methods of scientific cognition: a comparative analysis to find out different views on the problem and determine the direction of research; systematization and generalization for the formulation of conclusions and recommendations; generalization of author's pedagogical experience and observations. Results. Based on the author's experience of systematization and repetition of the school mathematics course in preparation for IEA, we propose to divide the entire mathematics course into 10 logical content blocks. In this article, we provide thematic tests of the content blocks «Coordinates and vectors», «Elements of combinatorics and stochastics», as well as answers to them. We also solve some of the basic tasks of these tests and give some methodical comments on these solutions. The vector and coordinate methods very often make much easier the process of geometric problems solving in comparison with traditional methods. Statistical and probabilistic methods are used as a means of modeling the processes and phenomena of the real world, and therefore, their study contributes to the formation of the outlook of the child. Conclusions. We believe that well-organized thematic training for EIA and SFA in mathematics will allow teachers to overcome the problems encountered by students in the systematization and repetition of the school mathematics course. This publication completes a series of our articles on modern thematic preparation for the EIA in mathematics. In them, we outlined our vision for the methodology of its organization, as well as shared our didactic materials and methodological tips.


Some free modal parameters of the cab suspension for one commercial vehicle are analyzed in ABAQUS,acquiring its natural frequency and mode shapes.According to the layout principle of the vibration isolator,both its supporting method and the mounting position are determined.A mathematical model for the cab suspension is established with a double-layer vibration isolation construction,and the stiffness and damping of the isolator are designed.The effectiveness of the system is evaluated on a test bench,and the transmissibility of the system is calculated from the experiment data in MATLB.The results show that the system has a good isolation effect.


Objective: Chronic constrictive pericarditis (CCP) is a rare entity responsible of diastolic heart failure. The true prevalence is yet to be defined. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical and para-clinical characteristics of patients with CCP, the therapeutic management, the outcomes and impacting factors. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study from 2017 to 2020 including 9 patients hospitalized for CCP in our cardiovascular surgery department. Results: The mean age was of 32.6 years. Majority were men (n=7). Dyspnea was the most common sign. Peripheral signs were dominated by signs of right heart failure. Cardiac ultrasonography showed pericardial thickening and calcifications with Doppler adiastolic signs in 90% of cases. Thoracic CT was performed in 7 patients, cardiac MRI in one patient, showing calcifications and measuring the pericardial thickening. Cardiac catheterization performed in 6 patients showed the aspect of Dip plateau. Tuberculosis etiology was retained in 55.6%; post-radiation origin in one patient and 33.4 % of cases were idiopathic. All of patients benefited from subtotal pericardiectomy with good results in the medium and long term. Two deaths occurred, the first patient died following multi-visceral failure, the second died 3 years later from neoplasia. Conclusion: The CCP is a rare condition with poor prognosis. The diagnosis should be raised when there are signs of right heart failure associated with signs of hemodynamic adiastolia. The echocardiography, with computed tomography or cardiac MRI and especially cardiac catheterization confirm the diagnosis and also etiological orientation. Tuberculosis and idiopathic etiologies were the most common at our country. Medical treatment options are limited. Pericardiectomy remains the only radical treatment with good results in immediate, medium and long term.


To the Editor: —Langham and Maumenee, 1 and Knowles 2 suggested that the insertion of a thin, water-impermeable membrane deep into the cornea serves as a barrier to aqueous in bullous keratopathy. In our clinical experience with this procedure (seven cases), the overlying cornea dehydrates, but the posterior portion becomes cloudy from edema and scarring. To improve vision, it seemed logical to penetrate the anterior chamber behind the membrane. Therefore, a prosthesis consisting of a thin, flexible membrane with a transparent posterior solid cylinder was designed (Figure). In concordance with Cardona's findings, 3 our cylinder projects beyond the posterior corneal surface which should prevent posterior overgrowth. Whereas earlier investigators have used methacrylate, our implant is made of transparent, flexible silicone (Dow Corning). This material was found nontoxic in animal experiments. At present, the implant has been used in five patients with bullous keratopathy (kindly referred by the Eye Service of


This paper presents an evaluation of the capability of turbulence models available in the commercial CFD code FLUENT 6.0 for their application to hydrofoil turbulent boundary layer separation flow at high Reynolds numbers. Four widely applied two‐equation RANS turbulence models were assessed through comparison with experimental data at Reynolds numbers of 8.284×106 and 1.657×107. They were the standard k–εmodel, the realizable k–εmodel, the standard k–ωmodel and the shear‐stress‐transport (SST) k–ωmodel. It has found that the realizable k–εturbulence model used with enhanced wall functions and near‐wall modelling techniques, consistently provides superior performance in predicting the flow characteristics around the hydrofoil. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


•  Acute bacterial skin and skin-structure infections (ABSSSI) impose a large and growing economic burden in the United States. The number of hospital stays due to ABSSSI increased by 85% from 1997 to 2009 [1]. Approximately 11.6 million outpatient care visits each year can be attributed to ABSSSI [2] •  Patients hospitalized with ABSSSI frequently suffer from a range of comorbidities which increase disease burden, including obesity, diabetes, renal impairment, heart failure, hypertension, and depression [3]. Although these comorbidities are likely to lead to worse outcomes, these impacts are not well characterized in the literature. •  Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is also an important driver of higher disease burden and worse health outcomes. The involvement of MRSA in skin infections further increases treatment failures, disease recurrence, risk of invasive disease, and contribute to a higher mortality [4] OBJECTIVES •  Describe baseline characteristics of hospitalized ABSSSI patients •  Identify patientand infection-related factors associated with length of the initial inpatient stay INTRODUCTION •  Hospitalized patients with ABSSSI have a number of co-morbidities, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and depression which can complicate antibiotic selection •  Over half of the patients did not have a pathogen identified from microbiology tests; when identified 21.9% involved MRSA, and 24.2% were mixed infections (including MRSA) •  LOS varies according to comorbidity status and causative pathogen; with a high level of statistical significance, comorbidities and MRSA infection associate with longer LOS •  Patient characteristics and pathogen coverage must be considered in antibiotic selection in ABSSSI Limitations •  This study was conducted in the Cerner electronic medical record database and the majority of index hospitalizations included for analysis were from urban hospitals with most of the hospitals affiliated with a teaching facility and having more than 300 beds, which might not be generalizable to all the hospitals in the US •  Medical charts are not available in the source EMR database to confirm the diagnosis and the comorbidity profile of patients. In addition, over half of patients had no microbiology test results recorded in the data. Disclosure This research was supported by Melinta Therapeutics CONCLUSION IDWEEK New Orleans, Louisiana, USA October 26-30th POSTER #279 E. McGinnis1, S. Cammarata1, S. Barnes1, T. Lodise2, Ruo-Ding Tan3, Matthew Barrett3, Ed Tuttle3 1.  Wier, L. M., Pfuntner, A., Maeda, J., Stranges, E., Ryan, K., Jagadish, P., ... & Elixhauser, A. (2011). HCUP facts and figures: statistics on hospital-based care in the United States, 2009. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. 2.  Marton, J. P., Jackel, J. L., Carson, R. T., Rothermel, C. D., Friedman, M., & Menzin, J. (2008). Costs of skin and skin structure infections due to S taphylococcus aureus: an analysis of managed-care claims. Current Medical Research and Opinion®, 24(10), 2821-2828. 3.  Delaney C, Schneider-Lindner V, Brassard P, et al. Mortality after infection with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) diagnosed in the community. BMC Med 2008;6:1–8. 4.  Potashman, M. H., Stokes, M., Liu, J., Lawrence, R., & Harris, L. (2016). examination of hospital length of stay in Canada among patients with acute bacterial skin and skin structure infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Infection and drug resistance, 9, 19. 5.  Quan H, Sundararajan V, Halfcon P, et al. Coding Algorithms for Defining Comorbidities in ICD-9-CM and ICD-10 Administrative Data. Med. Care. 2005; 43(11): 1130-1139. REFERENCES Background: Acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSIs) are a common cause of hospitalization in the United States. This study aimed to characterize the patient population hospitalized for ABSSSI, including comorbidities, pathogens identified, and length of initial inpatient stay. Methods: Adults (>18 years) hospitalized with ≥1 primary ABSSSI diagnosis were selected from the Cerner Health Facts electronic medical record database (2009-2013). Typical causative pathogens for ABSSSI and Gram stain type (positive or negative) were identified from microbiology culture. In addition, patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were also identified. Patients without culture results were classified as 'Unknown'. Length of initial inpatient stay (measured from admission to discharge) was compared between the cohorts with and without MRSA infections descriptively. Results: 11,705 patients were identified: 51.8% were male, mean age was 55 years at admission, and 31.3% were ≥65 years old. 49.7% of the patients were obese, 30.9% were diabetic, 48.9% were hypertensive, and 12.4% were diagnosed with depression. Over half (56.6%) of the patients had no culture results. Of the patients that had an identified ABSSSI-causing pathogen, 63.9% were Gram-positive, including 18.4% with MRSA. 11.9% were Gram-negative and 24.2% were mixed infections (Gram-positive and negative), including 3.6% with MRSA. Median length of stay was longer for patients with MRSA infections than those without MRSA (4.12 vs. 3.97 days, P=0.0009). For all comorbidities examined (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, depression, renal failure, and heart failure), median length of stay among patients with a comorbidity was significantly higher than those without. Conclusion: Hospitalized patients with ABSSSI have a number of comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and depression, which can complicate antibiotic selection. Over half of patients did not have a pathogen identified. When identified, 21.9% involved MRSA and 24.2% were mixed infections (including MRSA). Patients with a MRSA infection experienced longer length of stay. Patient characteristics and pathogen coverage must be considered in antibiotic selection in ABSSSI MATERIALS AND METHODS RESULTS •  For each admission, the data include diagnosis codes (ICD-9), DRGs, microbiology information, admission data, and discharge date •  The analysis used data from 2009 to 2013 across various census regions (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West) and facility settings (urban/rural) Sample Selection •  Figure 1 illustrates the sample selection flow: •  Inclusion criteria: –  Patients (age 18 years or older) with at least one primary ABSSSI diagnosis for an inpatient stay in 2009 or later. The index admission was defined as the first inpatient admission with a primary ABSSSI diagnosis –  Patients treated with parenteral antibiotics (administered intravenously or via injection) during the index admission –  Patients with body mass index (BMI) or both height and weight data available for the index admission. Limited to patients with BMI between 15 to 100 kg/m2 •  Exclusion criteria: –  Inpatient stay with a primary or secondary ABSSSI diagnosis in 3 months prior to the index admission –  Patients with index admissions that are the result of a transfer from another hospital or healthcare facility Measures and Definitions •  Patient characteristics on the index admission –  Patient demographics, insurance coverage, and infection type –  Causative pathogen identified from microbiology tests –  Patient comorbidity conditions were identified by ICD-9 diagnosis codes recorded during the index admission. Diagnosis codes for each condition were defined by Elixhauser Comorbidity Score [5] •  Length of stay measures the duration between the admission date and the discharge date of the initial hospital stay. •  Discharges followed by admissions within 4 hours were considered as a continuous inpatient stay Statistical Analysis •  Patient and hospital characteristics were summarized descriptively •  Differences of length of stay between patient groups were assessed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test 1Melinta Therapeutics, Inc., New Haven, CT, 2Albany College of Pharmacy, Albany, NY, 3Analysis Group, Inc., Menlo Park, CA Relationship between Length Of Stay And Patient Characteristics •  Median length of stay was higher for patients with MRSA infections than those without MRSA (4.1 vs. 3.9 days, p=0.0009 based on Wilcoxon rank-sum test) •  For all comorbidities examined (obesity, diabetes, hypertension, depression, renal failure, and heart failure), median length of stay among patients with the comorbidity was higher than those without: ranging from 0.16 days longer for obese patients to 1.87 days longer for patients with congestive heart failure (p<0.0001 for every comorbidity type based on Wilcoxon rank-sum test) Patient Population •  11,705 patients met the sample selection criteria Characteristics of ABSSSI Patients Table 1 and Table 2 show the characteristics of all selected ABSSSI patients •  Mean age of sample was 55 years and 31% were ≥65 years old. Over half of the patients (52%) were male. •  Fifty percent of patients were obese and 49% were hypertensive. •  Patients diagnosed with diabetes constitute 31% of the patient population. •  Twelve percent of patients had renal failure and depression, respectively. •  Around 10 percent of patients were diagnosed with heart failure Microbiological Findings •  Over half (57%) of the patients had no microbiology test results. •  Of the patients that had an identified ABSSSI-causing pathogen (N=5,078) [Figure 2]: –  64% were Gram-positive (G+), including 19% infected with MRSA –  12% were Gram-negative (G-) –  24% were mixed infections (Gram-+ and G-), including 4% with MRSA TABLE 2. PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS F I G U R E 3 . M E D I A N LENGTH OF STAY AMONG PAT I E N T S W I T H A N D WITHOUT MRSA (N = 5,078) Demographics N % Patient Count 11,705 Male, N (%) 6,064 (51.8%) Age at admission, years, Mean (SD) 54.86 (18.48) Age at admission distribution, N (%) 18-30 years 1,319 (11.3%) 31-44 years 2,191 (18.7%) 45-54 years 2,349 (20.1%) 55-64 years 2,185 (18.7%) ≥ 65 years 3,661 (31.3%) Race,


The aim of this thesis is to analyse the effects of train induced vibrations in a steel Langer beam bridge. A case study of a bridge over the river Ljungan in Ange has been made by analysing measur ...


This paper presents the following new records of Chinese birds: A new record of family:Podargidae From southwestern YunnanNew records of genera:Batrachostomus Pelargopsissouthwestern Yunnan southern YunnanNew records of species:Tyto albaBatrachostomus hodgsoni Pelargopsis capeasis Picas vittatus Pitta cyanea Pycnonotus atriceps Napothera crispifrons ficedula monileger Niltava concrete Nectarinia asiaticasouthern Yunnan southwestern Yunnan southern Yunnan southern Yunnan southern Yunnan southern Yunnan southern Yunnan southern Yunnan southern Yunnan southwestern YunnanNew records of subspecies:Motacilla flava mdanogrisea Sturuus contra superciliaris Potnatorhinus ockraceiceps gitsteni Napothera brevicaudata stevensi Gampsorhynchts r. rufulusnorthwestern Sinkiang southwestern Yunnan southwestern Yunnan southwestern Kwangsi southwestern YunnanOf the birds listed above, except for two subspecies, i.e., Motacilla flava melano-grisea, and Napothera brevicaudata stevensi, all the others have been collected from southern or southwestern Yunnan.


To identify the perceptions and therapeutic practices used by mothers living in rural communities and peri-urban areas of Health District I - Sucre, when diarrheic episodes occur in their children under five years of age, their degree of generalization in the community, as well as their relationship with the networks of social meanings that support them


House prices increase every year, so there is a need for a system to predict house prices in the future. House price prediction can help the developer determine the selling price of a house and can help the customer to arrange the right time to purchase a house. There are three factors that influence the price of a house which include physical conditions, concept and location. This research aims to predict house prices based on NJOP houses in Malang city with regression analysis and particle swarm optimization (PSO). PSO is used for selection of affect variables and regression analysis is used to determine the optimal coefficient in prediction. The result from this research proved combination regression and PSO is suitable and get the minimum prediction error obtained which is IDR 14.186.


A flow and sediment numerical model adapting to the reach of Pearl River affected by sediment mining activity was established basing on the introduction of a fluvial control equation suitable for this condition and sediment-mining impact factor-sediment mining flux Fm of Pearl River.After the comparison of survey data and calculation result,the model was proved to be suitable to simulate the evolution of the reach of Pearl River affected by sediment mining greatly because of the approximation of them.


literature of the field. A better book would communicate the same ideas in simpler and more direct language. In addition, the substance of the argument suffers from two key weaknesses. First, Montpetit's explanation of what makes good policy is tremendously narrow and favours abstract theoretical models over common sense. It is difficult to believe that a policy's quality can turn exclusively on the number of actors involved in formulating it and that its effects ought to have no bearing on how we judge it. Can we really blame the 2000 Walkerton crisis solely on inadequate "actor constellations" and "policy networks"? Second, Montpetit treats the world of public policy like a sterile laboratory. He is bent on building an empirically watertight world which leaves no room for the actions of individual politicians and public servants. It is Sisyphean to attempt to stuff behaviour as unruly as political decision-making into a theoretical straitjacket. Despite the book's flaws, Montpetit's premise remains an excellent one. We need to reconsider our bad faith in government. But to make this case persuasively requires a broader and clearer study which dispenses with the mania for isolating variables and determining causality with scientific precision. Scholars cannot afford to ignore the ambiguities and complexities inherent in political and human affairs.


the social aspects. After all, look at the people who have been presidents of our senior classes. Last year, it was Cabot Winslow, a fine boy, straight A's all the way through. Then there was Richard Bradbury, not a scholarly type, but definitely a leader. He gets it from his mother-Mrs. Bradbury is president of the Garden Club. And of course, Cynthia Hartgate-she is at the Conservatory now. I don't think that Wilson even knows what a conservatory is. How could he? The Snag Hill bunch know nothing but movies and television. There's one thing that silly community survey showed up. Some of those people have television but no bathrooms. They say that what's the use of bathrooms when the


Several kinds of q-orthogonal polynomials with |q|=1 are constructed as the main parts of the eigenfunctions of new solvable discrete quantum mechanical systems. Their orthogonality weight functions consist of quantum dilogarithm functions, which are a natural extension of the Euler gamma functions and the q-gamma functions (q-shifted factorials). The dimensions of the orthogonal spaces are finite. These q-orthogonal polynomials are expressed in terms of the Askey-Wilson polynomials and their certain limit forms.


The present invention has been made to provide, edit and use the original geometry of the possible structures that can be added to trim or correction method and the picture structure editing method for a data (segment) having a range to the pre-built structure, a unit of structure as, and the second specifying step of specifying an arbitrary position included in a range of the first specifying step and the target segment for specifying an arbitrary segment in the structure information as a target segment, the locations specified by the second specifying step to the dividing position and it is provided with a step, and a step for replacing the target segment into two segments for dividing the range of the target segment into two segments of the first half segment (number 4) and the second half segment (number 23) from the dividing position. Content, object, structure editing, image structure, the structure shown,


Results are presented from searches for R-parity-violating supersymmetry in events produced in pp collisions at √ s=8 TeV at the LHC. Final states with 0, 1, 2, or multiple leptons are considered independently. The analysis is performed on data collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb1. No excesses of events above the standard model expectations are observed, and 95% confidence level limits are set on supersymmetric particle masses and production cross sections. The results are interpreted in models featuring R-parity-violating decays of the lightest supersymmetric particle, which in the studied scenarios can be either the gluino, a bottom squark, or a neutralino. In a gluino pair production model with baryon number violation, gluinos with a mass less than 0.98 and 1.03 TeV are excluded, by analyses in a fully hadronic and one-lepton final state, respectively. An analysis in a dilepton final state is used to exclude bottom squarks with masses less than 307 GeV in a model considering bottom squark pair production. Multilepton final states are considered in the context of either strong or electroweak production of superpartners and are used to set limits on the masses of the lightest supersymmetric particles. These limits range from 300 to 900 GeV in models with leptonic and up to approximately 700 GeV in models with semileptonic R-parity-violating couplings. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.94.112009 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-130269 Journal Article Published Version The following work is licensed under a Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Unported (CC BY 3.0) License. Originally published at: CMS Collaboration; Canelli, F; Chiochia, V; Kilminster, B; Robmann, P; et al (2016). Searches for Rparity-violating supersymmetry in pp collisions at √ s = 8 TeV in final states with 0-4 leptons. Physical review D, 94:112009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.94.112009 Searches for R-parity-violating supersymmetry in pp collisions at ffiffi s p = 8 TeV in final states with 0–4 leptons V. Khachatryan et al. (CMS Collaboration) (Received 26 June 2016; published 29 December 2016) Results are presented from searches for R-parity-violating supersymmetry in events produced in pp collisions at ffiffi s p 1⁄4 8 TeV at the LHC. Final states with 0, 1, 2, or multiple leptons are considered independently. The analysis is performed on data collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.5 fb−1. No excesses of events above the standard model expectations are observed, and 95% confidence level limits are set on supersymmetric particle masses and production cross sections. The results are interpreted in models featuring R-parity-violating decays of the lightest supersymmetric particle, which in the studied scenarios can be either the gluino, a bottom squark, or a neutralino. In a gluino pair production model with baryon number violation, gluinos with a mass less than 0.98 and 1.03 TeVare excluded, by analyses in a fully hadronic and one-lepton final state, respectively. An analysis in a dilepton final state is used to exclude bottom squarks with masses less than 307 GeV in a model considering bottom squark pair production. Multilepton final states are considered in the context of either strong or electroweak production of superpartners and are used to set limits on the masses of the lightest supersymmetric particles. These limits range from 300 to 900 GeV in models with leptonic and up to approximately 700 GeV in models with semileptonic R-parity-violating couplings. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.94.112009


Study of signal to noise and dynamic range of systems is a very important part of engineering. The topic of signal to noise has been covered extensively in the literature, but not necessarily from a practical standpoint. Discussion of dynamic range issues is virtually missing from most fundamental texts. I would like this paper to show some of the practical ways of looking at designing a system. For completeness the fundamental equations will be included, but the emphasis will be on real system implementation. The paper will draw extensively from actual system designs at Fermilab.


AbstractThe impact of school district resources and policy changes on basic skills performance was examined in this study. An educational production function model was specified on the basis of prior research and estimated using two years of data from a state minimum competency test program and district characteristics. Survey data were also collected from district administrators and used to test whether specific policy changes in the districts' curricula, testing programs, or teacher training, made as a result of the state- mandated test, had any influence on the percentage of students passing the test. Of the policy changes, only the pretesting of students had a significantly positive effect on performance over the period considered.


From a distance, whether in time or space, most societies look more homogeneous than members perceive their societies to be. Distinctions that seem clear within the culture get blurred by outsiders who use the most general characteristics to describe the whole. We make broad generalizations because the intricacies of group identity can be overwhelming and too much information can obscure larger trends. Societies, however, are shaped not only by dominant groups, but also by the accommodations that these groups make to "others" in the society. Frequently, such adjustments are subtle, not rising to the level of diplomacy or public policy, yet over time may alter the society in visible ways. This article traces this process of change in seventeenth century Massachusetts, focusing on the influence of non-Puritan residents on the society of the Bay Colony. The distant perception of early Massachusetts is a region of small, covenanted villages, modeled on traditional English communities and composed of people holding similar religious and social beliefs: in short, Puritans. While much about this description is accurate, it does not depict the situation for a small but significant proportion of the population of the colony ~ those people who arrived after the Great Migration and who came, voluntarily and involuntarily, for economic or political reasons. These residents, identified here as "non-Puritans," came from England, Scotland, Ireland, France and the Channel Islands and began arriving in discernable numbers in the late 1640s and early 1650s when economic problems stimulated the migration of laborers to the colony. After the restoration of the Stuart monarchy in 1660, English attempts to regulate government and trade in the colonies more closely led to an influx of merchants and appointed officials. Thus from the 1650s, the colony had a small but growing number of residents who came to the region with no connection to the religious ideals of the founding generation. These new immigrants created alternative community forms that linked together persons of Scottish, Irish and other non-Puritan backgrounds into multi-national networks that stretched beyond geographical town boundaries. The earliest communities consisted primarily of iron and agricultural workers, but by the end of the century, significant communities of merchants and royal officials also formed. Regardless of economic and social status, many of these residents retained their national identities while becoming settled inhabitants of Massachusetts and forming ties with their fellow colonists. They, like Puritan residents, participated in several communities based on religion, nationality, craft or trade, and place of residence, and identified themselves by these associations as the context warranted. Such overlapping community ties and multiple identities in Massachusetts helped bring stability to a colony in the midst of unsettling change after 1660 by providing a web of associations that kept society from fracturing along religious, national or class lines. This "social web" also fostered the growth of "Britishness" that helped transform the early homogeneous character of the colony into a more diverse, commercial society by the end of the century - one that began to resemble societies in other regions of the emerging British Atlantic world.1 Although the transition was slow, a combination of economic, political, and social pressures forged an Atlantic society by the end of the seventeenth century. But this transformation was not simply that second and third generation Puritans deviated from the ideals of the founders to develop a commercial society. The leaders of Massachusetts recognized the need for commerce and economic development from the earliest years of the colony. A fairly diverse population, drawn from the Atlantic world, developed out of economic and political changes in the colonies and in England that brought new ideas and mercantile connections to the colony. …


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the economics of 4 kinds of antidepressants in the treatment of depression. METHODS: Using the method of evidence-based medicine, literatures on fluoxetine, paroxetine, venlafaxine, and citalopram in the treatment of depression were collected to extract all the data related to cost-effectiveness ratio and compare economical efficiency of drugs. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in economical efficiency of fluoxetine and paroxetine; Venlafaxine was significantly better than economical efficiency of fluoxetine; The economical efficiency of citalopram and fluoxetine had no significant difference; The economical efficiency of venlafaxine was significantly better than paroxetine. CONCLUSION: Venlafaxine is the most economical treatment for depression, which has significant differences compared with the other three drugs, and there is no significant difference between citalopram, fluoxetine and paroxetine.


Dreams and visions occur and are taken seriously in almost every culture. They play a significant role in biblical and Islamic revelation. They are noteworthy in later Christian and Muslim history, although they have suffered some devaluation in later Western thinking. This essay explores the history of these phenomena. Recent years have seen an upsurge in the number of Muslims following Christ, often as the result of dreams and visions. This is a widespread experience. There is some discussion as to why God might use such a means, despite its apparent shortcomings. The world-view change required by Western missionaries to accommodate this method is outlined. Some practical steps are given to help cross-cultural workers cooperate with God in this remarkable mode of evangelism amongst Muslims.


Alcohols and inhaled anesthetics modulate GABAA receptor (GABAAR) function via putative binding sites within the transmembrane regions. The relative position of the amino acids lining these sites could be either inter‐ or intra‐subunit. We introduced cysteines in relevant TM locations and tested the proximity of cysteine pairs using oxidizing and reducing agents to induce or break disulfide bridges between cysteines, and thus change GABA‐mediated currents in wild‐type and mutant α1β2γ2 GABAARs expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. We tested for: (i) inter‐subunit cross‐linking: a cysteine located in α1TM1 [either α1(Q229C) or α1(L232C)] was paired with a cysteine in different positions of β2TM2 and TM3; (ii) intra‐subunit cross‐linking: a cysteine located either in β2TM1 [β2(T225C)] or in TM2 [β2(N265C)] was paired with a cysteine in different locations along β2TM3. Three inter‐subunit cysteine pairs and four intra‐subunits cross‐linked. In three intra‐subunit cysteine combinations, the alcohol effect was reduced by oxidizing agents, suggesting intra‐subunit alcohol binding. We conclude that the structure of the alcohol binding site changes during activation and that potentiation or inhibition by binding at inter‐ or intra‐subunit sites is determined by the specific receptor and ligand.


Abstract : The focus of the program is the development and application of an algorithm for studying charge transport in low temperature gallium arsenide (LT GaAs) buffer layers and the influence of such layers on device operation. During this reporting period the drift and diffusion equations were modified to include the contributions of clusters in one and two dimensions. In addition, the effects of high resistance material on the operation of FETs was begun. Specifically numerical simulations of clusters in LT GaAs were performed in which the electrical characteristics of the clusters were modeled as local trap sites. Simulations were performed for a single cluster in one dimension, two clusters in one dimension, and an array of clusters in two dimensions. The one- dimensional simulations of a single cluster demonstrate the depletion of mobile charge around the cluster and barrier-like electrostatic behavior. Double cluster simulations, also in one dimension, show the effect of overlapping depletion regions. Two-dimensional simulations of arrays of clusters show how the interaction between the clusters results in an insulating material. Finally, a macroscopic model of the LT material is utilized in the simulation of an FET with an LT layer under the gate. The results suggest that such structures should have enhanced breakdown characteristics without adversely affecting performance. Interaction with Wright Laboratories and Lincoln Laboratories on organization of an APS-focused session on LTR materials and future directions is also summarized.... LT Material, Clusters, GaAs.


On the basis of constructivism,this paper has analyzed the actualities and questions of the conventional mathematical teaching design.It discusses the constructive idea of knowledge,learning,teaching,design thinking and the concept and principles of constructive mathematical teaching design.At last,this paper puts forward a normal model and three idiographic models of constructive mathematical teaching design.


We report a development of 50 kWh-class flywheel energy storage system using a new type of axial bearing which is based on powerful magnetic force generated by a superconducting coil. This axial bearing can support a large mass. So, even at low rotational speeds, the flywheel system can have larger energy storage capacity by enlarging the mass of flywheel. Thus, this system does not require special materials that are mechanically strong enough against high circumferential velocity for the flywheel. A testing device was fabricated for evaluation of basic characteristics of the bearing. After the test with this device, a pilot system was fabricated for establishment of 50 kWh-class superconducting flywheel energy storage system technology


Stormwater sampling and pollutant load estimation are essential components of a non-point source control program. For simplicity, a sampling design using fixed duration and frequency, irrespective of watershed sizes and local rainfall patterns, is usually adopted. The practice presents opportunities for improvements. In this study, a large number of hydrographs and pollutographs were generated for urban watersheds in the four hydrological regions of Taiwan using long-term simulations. Based on the analyses of model results, a methodology for stormwater monitoring and pollutant load estimation was proposed. The proposed approach integrates watershed size and regional rainfall considerations in the design of stormwater monitoring programs, therefore are expected to provide greater sampling success and better pollutant load estimations.


The aim in this study was to determine the relationship between depressive symptom frequency and back pain in students. Analysis was made of 250 vocational college students. The Zung Depression Inventory (ZDI; Zung, 1965), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS; Price, McGrath, Rafii, & Buckingham, 1983) and the Aberdeen Low Back Pain Scale (Ruta, Garratt, Wardlaw, & Russell, 1994) were used to determine depressive symptoms and back pain. The probability of depression scores of 50 or more was 1.8 times greater for those who were not interested in any sports than for those interested in amateur sports. There was a positive correlation between severity of the pain, general pain, neck pain, back pain, low back or upper back pain, low back pain, and the ZDI scores of the students. Negative correlations were found between age, BMI and ZDI scores.


The hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) gene is related to lipid transport, including abdominal fat and growth, in chickens. Interestingly, the A543G SNP within the HNF4α gene has previously been reported to be associated with body weight in both broilers and Korean native chickens (KNCs). However, its exact position within the HNF4 is not yet reported. This study aimed to identify the position of the A543G SNP and to identify additional SNPs that can be used as genetic markers in KNCs. A total of 128 KNCs were used for the sequencing and analysis of these genetic associations. As a result, A543G SNP was located in intron 4 of the HNF4α gene; it is reported as rs731246957 in the NCBI database. Fourteen SNPs were detected in the sequenced portion of the HNF4α gene; three of these, rs731246957, rs736159604 and new SNP, intron 6 (249), were significantly related with growth in the chickens. In this study, the TT genotype of rs731246957, previously reported as A543G SNP, the GG genotype of rs736159604 and GT of new SNP have are highly associated with body weight from birth to 40 weeks of age in KNCs (P<0.01). These results suggest that rs736159604, rs731246957 and intron 6 (249) SNPs within the HNF4α gene could function as growth-related markers in the selective breeding of KNCs. (


The ability to synthesize long-term human motion sequences in real-world scenes can facilitate numerous applications. Previous approaches for scene-aware motion synthesis are constrained by pre-defined target objects or positions and thus limit the diversity of human-scene interactions for synthesized motions. In this paper, we focus on the problem of synthesizing diverse scene-aware human motions under the guidance of target action sequences. To achieve this, we first decompose the diversity of scene-aware human motions into three aspects, namely interaction diversity (e.g. sitting on different objects with different poses in the given scenes), path diversity (e.g. moving to the target locations following different paths), and the motion diversity (e.g. having various body movements during moving). Based on this factorized scheme, a hierarchical framework is proposed, with each sub-module responsible for modeling one aspect. We assess the effectiveness of our framework on two challenging datasets for scene-aware human motion synthesis. The experiment results show that the proposed framework remarkably outperforms previous methods in terms of diversity and naturalness.


Background Inflammatory myopathies are a group of rare systemic diseases characterised by muscle weakness and inflammation. Clinical manifestations, course and prognosis of these patologies are very heterogeneous. Objectives The aim is to describe the main characteristics of patients diagnosed with inflammatory myositis fulfilling Bohan and Peter criteria. Methods Descriptive analysis of a cohort of 34 patients from the same hospital with follow-up between January 2010 and December 2017. We recorded demographic characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatment, comorbidity and mortality. Results 34 patients (73% female) were recruited with an average age at diagnosis of 56.3 years27–83 among adults and 10 years4–15 among children. Most of them were Caucasian (94%). 18% were smokers and 15% previous smokers. The most frequent type was dermatomyositis (DM) (40%) followed by antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) (15%), necrotizing myopathy (12%), inclusion body myopathy (12%), overlap myositis (9%) and polymyositis (9%). 2 patients (out of 4) with necrotizing myopathy were treated with statins. Clinical manifestation included muscle weakness (84%) and skin manifestations (48%) mainly among DM patients. 8 patients (24%) showed interstitial lung disease (4 non-specific interstitial pneumonia, 3 usual interstitial pneumonia and 1 cryptogenic organising pneumonia), especially among patients with overlap syndrome (n=3), DM (n=2) and ASS (n=2). Pulmonary hypertension occurred in 7 patients (21%), 30% among patients with overlap myositis associated to systemic sclerosis. The rest of extramuscular manifestations are expressed in the table 1. Muscle biopsy was performed in 57% of patients (77% compatible with myopathy). MRI was carried out in 45% (100% with active myositis). EMG was performed in 94% of patients with myopathic findings in 67% of them. 20 patients (60%) presented positive antinuclear antibodies, being the most frequent antiPML-SCL (18%), antiJo1 (18%), antiRo (12%) and anti-MDA5 (9%). All patients were treated with corticosteroids. Only 2 responded to corticosteroids in monotherapy. More than 90% needed additional immunosuppressive treatment and 65% received 2 or more immunosuppressants. The most commonly used drugs were methotrexate (72%), rituximab (28%), azathioprine (25%), immunoglobulins (21%) and cyclophosphamide (21%). Only in 12% treatment could be stopped because of sustained remission. 3 cases of cancer (9%) were reported: myelodysplastic syndrome, lung neoplasm (in the case of paraneoplasic myositis) and lymphoma. During the follow-up period 4 deaths were registered (12%) due to infections and cancer. 38% of patients required a multidisciplinary approach. Conclusions Inflammatory myopathies have frequent multiorganic involvement and represent a heterogeneous group of systemic diseases as shown in our registry and in the literature. Most patients need chronically combined immunosuppressive treatment and few achieve sustained remission. In consequence the collaboration of several specialties is necessary for the diagnosis and management of these pathologies. Reference [1] Nuño L, et al. Multicenter registry on inflammatory myositis from the Rheumatology Society in Madrid, Spain. Reumatol Clin2017; 13(6):331–337 Disclosure of Interest None declared


201 Background: Few health care organizations have successfully implemented a systematic process for meaningful advance care planning (ACP). An available and capable medical power of attorney (MPOA) allows early engagement in the process and is a foundation for successful ACP. As a first step, we implemented a quality improvement (QI) initiative to systematically offer patients (pts) an opportunity to select a MPOA that is valid*, incorporating quality measures to better prepare selected individuals for medical decision-making in a manner that supports the patient's values and goals. Here we report on yield of valid MPOA documents (MPOAD) obtained.

METHODS
After QI Assessment Board approval was obtained, baseline data were collected for all head and neck medical oncologists (HNMO) over a 2-week period. In cycle 1, electronic health records (EHR) of pts seen by 2 HNMO were screened by clinic RN for MPOA. Those with MPOAD that were not available in EHR underwent RN follow up. All others were referred to social work (SW) for education regarding value of MPOA and factors important to preparation of decision maker. In cycle 2, revisions made to process included limiting targeted pts to new pts and consults (NPC).

RESULTS
See Table.

CONCLUSIONS
Systematic SW contact and counseling increases the yield of valid MPOA, but is still insufficient for optimal results. Additional measures to be evaluated in future cycles include scheduled appointments for all NPC to increase SW contact, tighter follow up after initial SW contact and MD discussion with NPC to indicate importance of selecting a prepared MPOA. [Table: see text].


This paper proposes a novel mutation operator named minimum distance mutation for differential evolution (DE) algorithm. We try to improve the local search ability of the algorithm in the mutation operation. During the mutation operation, the selected base particle will be compared with the nearest particle. The better particle will be selected for the mutation operation in this way the neighborhood information can be applied. A set of famous benchmark functions has been used to test and evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has achieved good improvement.


A clinical lecture on cancer was recently delivered by Dr. William Seaman Bainbridge in the clinic-room of the New York Skin and Cancer Hospital. A number of patients were pre sented whose cases illustrate the different stages of cancerous disease and the results of operative treatment. In his introductory remarks Dr. Bainbridge emphasized the fact that at no time in the history of America, and probably of the world at large, has the subject of cancer been so much in the minds of the people as at present, partly because there is apparently a real increase in its frequency, because it has car ried off so many distinguished and useful citizens, and also be-


Indeterminate dendritic cell tumor (IDCT) is rare histiocytic tumor characterized by the proliferation of indeterminate dendritic cells. It is more often diagnosed in middle-aged people, in approximately equal proportions in men and women. The etiology of IDCT is unknown. Differential diagnosis is carried out with other diseases that mimic IDCT and is important for determining treatment tactics. The present paper presents a clinical case of IDCT in a 48-year-old man. Using only the patient's complaints and examination data was not enough to diagnose the disease. The similarity of skin manifestations in IDCT with other skin pathologies requires an immunohistochemical study of the affected areas for CD1a, CD68, S100, Langerin expression evaluation as well as the presence of Birbeck's granules visulization. Routine histological examination does not sufficient for correct IDCT diagnostics.


Long famed as a mecca of African-American culture, New Orleans occupies a special place in studies of African diasporic music and dance. By outlining the historical and social factors that shaped unique expressions of African American cultural identity, Ausetta Amenkum provides an experiential account of the formation of the Kumbuka African Drum and Dance Collective, not only as a performance troupe, but also as a community institution. Utilizing poetry and an engaging tone, Amenkum situates the emergence of African dance companies founded by African Americans in the local cultural trajectory of New Orleans mid-20th century. She, then, chronicles her work and the use of African dance as a holistic approach, as she addresses a specific example: women's incarceration issues in Louisiana.


This study assessed the impact of Black TV programs on a group of Black children in central North Carolina. Inverviews with 78 7-, 10-, and 12-year-old children concerning their TV preferences indicated a strong preference for predominantly Black programs, the most popular of which was "Good Times." After viewing a popular episode of the show, 50% of the children in dicated that the show reflected negatively on Black people. The remaining 50% thought the show made Black people look good. Older children were better than the younger children in deducing and remembering certain motives and emotions communicated by the characters. The results of the study are discussed in terms of the potential influence that Black situation commedies can have on the role-modeling, socialization, and self-esteem of Black children.


The expansion and development of the electricity distribution grid is a complex multicriteria decision problem. The planning definition should take into consideration the investment benefits on the security of supply, quality of service, losses, as well as in other network features. Given the variety of assets and their context-dependent effects, estimating their global impact is very challenging. An additional difficulty is the combination of different types of benefits into a simple and clear portrayal of the planning alternatives. This paper proposes a methodology to estimate the benefits of distribution investments, in terms of five features: security of supply, quality of service, network losses, operational efficiency and new services. The approach is based on the adoption of objective and measurable indicators for each feature. The approach was tested with real data of Portuguese distribution grids and the results support the adopted approach and are being used as a decision-aid tool for grid planning.


the rapid development of rural tourism not only meets the changing consumer demand of tourism consumers, but also provides a new breakthrough point for the new rural construction in twenty-first Century, and the proposal of "beautiful countryside construction" gives new connotation and new ideas for the sustainable development of rural tourism. Based on the beautiful countryside construction, this paper analyzes the characteristics of rural tourism development under the background of beautiful countryside construction, and puts forward the development strategy of rural tourism under the background of beautiful countryside construction.


The recent advent of cloud computing and IoT has made it imperative to store huge amount of data in the cloud servers. Enormous amount of data is also stored in the servers of big organizations. In organiza-tions, it is not desirable for every member to have equal privileges to access the stored data. Threshold secret sharing schemes are widely used for implementing such access control mechanisms. The access privileges of the members also vary from one data packet to another. While implementing such dynamic access structures using threshold secret sharing schemes, the key management becomes too complex to be implemented in real time. Furthermore, the storage of the users' access privileges requires exponential space ( O (2 n )) and its implementation requires exponential time. In this paper, the algorithms proposed to tackle the problems of priority based access control and authentication require a space complexity of O ( n 2 ) and a time complexity of O ( n ), where n is the number of users. In the practical scenario, such space can easily be provided on the servers and the algorithms can run smoothly in real time.


The invention belongs to the technical field of plant extraction and particularly relates to crape myrtle extract as well as an extraction method and an application thereof. The crape myrtle extract is the part of petroleum ether and/or the part of ethyl acetate and/or the part of n-butyl alcohol of flowers of lythraceae crape-myrtle plants. The crape myrtle extract has good effects of inhibiting the activity of alpha-glucosaccharase and reducing the blood sugar.


A joint sensing/communication problem is considered for sensor networks. Herein, the channel(s) between a source and destination are the parameters to be sensed and communicated over the network. Lower bounds on the end-to-end distortion are developed for a multihop, linear network. Internode communication is assumed to be done via an encode-and-forward approach. For a many-to-one topology with two hops, data aggregation and time-division communication approaches are compared. Asymptotic in the SNR, it is shown that a time-division approach is superior


The newest major revision of Nuclear Regulatory Commission`s 10 CFR Part 20 (1991) incorporates the new dose methodology system, revised limits, and improved internal dose computations presented in International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) Publication 30 (1979). A year before the issue of this revised 10 CFR Part 20, the ICRP dispatched Publication 61 (1990). This new ICRP report employed different dose limits, in addition to incorporating more recent biological information and variations in physiological and different tissue weighing factors for various organs. An investigation of the numerical differences in the Annual Limit on Intake (ALI) reported in this more recent international regulations and those of the new regulations was thus undertaken. Overall means, medians, modes, maximum, minimum, and ranges of the percent changes are almost identical for ingestion and inhalation, although the percent difference between 10 CFR and ICRP Publication 61 showed minor differences for individual radionuclides. Approximately 334 of 1,351 radionuclides for inhalation and 173 of 771 radionuclides for ingestion have much less restrictive ALIs in the new ICRP recommendations than in the old, with some of those limits increased by at least a factor of two. Approximately 51% of the radionuclides for ingestion intake and 48% ofmore » radionuclides for inhalation intake showed changes of greater than 25%. The radionuclides observed to have much less restrictive ALIs are primarily the radionuclides of thorium, mercury, plutonium, uranium, and americium which have short effective clearance rates. While many countries have already applied the ICRP 61 recommendations to their radiation protection standards, using the ICRP 30 recommendation in the United States does not match the international standards even when the values of the ALIs are adjusted for differences in dose limits.« less


MF-$0.75 HC-$1.50 PLUS POSTAGE Classroom Techniques; *College Freshmen; *Composition (Literary); *Composition Skills (Literary); Descriptive Writing; English Instruction; *Individualized Instruction; *Teaching Techniques Students should be encouraged and taught how to write more effectively. This may be accomplished by involving them in two types of writing--the journal and the essay. The student is encouraged to record in his journal what he did and thought during the day, regardless of the trivialities. The journal is never evaluated by the instructor unless the student specifically requests it, but it is used later in writing the essays. The instructor works closely with the student during the initial stage to help him decide on a thesis statement that he can develop with specific examples and evidence. To avoid spending too much time in pointing out mechanical errors in the final draft, the teacher calls attention to these problems during the early writing stages. Style is more important in the final writing. The student submits the final draft along with a cassette tape to enable the instructor to record his reaction to the essay. (SW) U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION 4 WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION TH15 DOCUVEN1 NA5 E1FLN REPRO DUCED Ex4C T1 Y AS RECEIVE() FROM THE PERSON OR OkrANIZ.TION Ok ,(,IN AT IT POINT, (Jr wiEW OR 00i5,055 STa TED DO NOT NECESSARILY RE-PRE ,E, Or FicAL NATIONAL NSTITuTE OF FOtJCA!ON POSITION OS POLICY College English Association April 19, 1974 INDIVIDUALIZING THE COMPOSITION CLASS J. Kenneth Sieben ;4? 1 GOP ,'! ,!A E u. ,.. HEE,4 GRA..J, EL) HY J. Kenneth Sieben ,j,:j:+AcptEmEr,7:;.,,r T,,E.f4411(,NAl. III ,uPTHE I, REPRO. I AC cjysTE.,,, 55. Cr TRF If your situation is anything like mine, you are expected to teach the skills of written composition to an inordinately large number of beginning college students, 75% of whom cannot read at a 9th grade level and cannot produce grammatical sentences with any degree of regularity. And if you're anything like me, you threw out your freshman reader and handbook a long time ago, because your students could neither read the reader nor handle the handbook. And since then you've been faced with the task of figuring out for yourself how to teach them to write. Today I'd like to share with you an approach that I've been experimenting with for the past year. I might, of course, throw this one out too, along with many other approaches I've tried over the past 14 years, but for the present, at least, I'm satisfied that the idea has some merit. In my compositior, classes I require two different kinds of writing--the journal and the essay. Each student must keep a journal, in which he records what he did and/or what he thought about that day in an entry of at least 100 words. The journal serves as a storehouse of ideas and experiences from which he selects the subjects for his essays. During the semester each student must write three essays of 1000 to 1500 words. In these essays, the student tries to explain how he feels about some subject, and he often tries to persuade his reader that his feelings are the correct ones to maintain. A student may, if


Received: 19 February 2019 Accepted: 4 May 2019 The Stirling engine design process is mostly focused on the study of the engine regenerator, whose thermal efficiency is strictly related to the global efficiency of the engine. The present work aims to setup a numerical model by means of OpenFOAM libraries to simulate the engine regenerator as a porous media, in order to reduce the overall computational cost of the simulations and to obtain a suitable model that can be eventually used for topological optimization. The solid part of the numerical domain, i.e. the stoked wires, is represented as a zone with the highest porosity, whereas intermediate areas are defined in order to simulate the boundary layers in proximity of the walls. The presence of porous media is modelled by introducing a Darcy-type pressure drop in the momentum equation, whereas in the energy equation the thermal properties of the solid, intermediate and fluid materials are modelled by means of a linear function of the porosity value in the domain. After a process of tuning, the results obtained with this model are reported for different flow conditions in terms of both aerodynamic and thermal performances, thus showing a good agreement with the numerical results obtained with a more classical CFD methodology.


Between World War One and World War Two, successive French governments sought to strengthen the Republic by fostering a sense of patriotism among youths in colony and metropole. Classrooms became battlegrounds where linguistic and religious identities were constructed, resisted and reformed. Comparative case studies of Alsace and Algeria reveal the continuities and contrasts of French policy within France and across the empire. Education policy as created by the Republican government was not uniform throughout the interwar period, but was constantly reformed to meet needs on the ground. By focussing on the way cultural identities were created and recreated, this article seeks to demonstrate how individuals and groups on all sides of the colonizing relationship interacted in education.


This study aims to investigate the range of documents in the lineage literature of 'O-han-gong' lineage among 'Ham-yang Park' clan in Gu-rim, Ri Yeong-am Province. Park Sung-gun who called himself as O-han, was the progenitor of 'Ham-yang Park' clan in Gu-rim. He settled in the area, getting married to the Park Jim-myong's daughter. Through the fact that his clan made its genealogy and established 'Seo-won', a private school, for its clan, it is presumed that is took two hundred years for the clan to settled down in the area. The representative lineage literature of 'O-han-gong' lineage is 『The Remains of 'O-han-gong' Lineage in 'Ham-yang Park' Clan』. The documents of those lineage literature largely cover people and remains. In those documents, the people were mostly who were of exceptional merit. And representative remains are 'Juk-jeong Seo-won' and 'Gan-juk Jeong' which both are symbolic place of present 'O-han-gong' lineage in 'Ham-yang Park' clan. It seems to be possible to use the result, from the study on the range of documents, in four aspects; as follows. First, it is possible for us to presume historically how the lineage moved into and settled in Gu-rim area. Second, we can find and introduce the people who were renowned in their area, but not nameless in central governments. Third, we can find how the people as above contacted with the people in center. Lastly, among 'O-han-gong' lineage, there were many people who actively participated in the wars in 1592 and 1636. The fact could be practical reference to study the movement of a righteous army in Ho-nam area.


Hybrid ionomer cement or resin modified glass ionomer cement is a developed form of conventional glass ionomer cement. This hybrid ionomer cement can be eroded if in direct contact with acid solution which will affect surface hardness. The aim of this study is to learn surface hardness of hybrid ionomer cement after immersion in methyl salicylate 0.06% (pH 3.6) and povidon iodine 1% (pH 2.9) solution. Sample of hybrid ionomer cement with 5 mm diameter and 3 mm thickness was immersed in sterile aquadest solution (control), methyl salicylate pH 3.6, povidon iodine pH 2.9 for 1 minute, 7 and 14 minutes. Surface hardness was measured with Micro Vickers Hardness Tester. The obtained data was analyzed statistically with ANOVA followed by LSD test. The result of hybrid ionomer cement after immersion in sterile aquadest, methyl salicylate 0.06% pH 3.6 and povidon iodine 1% pH 2.9 for one minute, showed no significant difference; while immersion for 7 and 14 minutes showed a significant difference. The conclusion states that hybrid ionomer cement after 14 minutes immersion in povidon iodine 1% pH 2.9 has the lowest surface hardness.


This study examines the effects of key audit matter (KAM) disclosures in auditors' reports on auditor liability in cases of fraud and error misstatements using evaluators with audit experience.,The experiment is conducted using 174 professional auditors as participants.,The participating auditors assess higher auditor liability when misstatements are related to errors rather than when they are related to fraud. In addition, the results also demonstrate that KAM disclosures reduce auditor liability only in cases of fraud and not in cases of errors. Together, the results support the view that KAM reduces the negative affective reactions of evaluators, which in turn, reduce the assessed auditor liability.,This study did not analyze the setting in which auditors who act as peer evaluators had an opportunity to discuss the case among their peers, which may have affected their judgments.,The results of KAM disclosures on auditor liability in cases of error and fraud misstatements inform auditors that, different from the auditors' concern that disclosing KAM may increase auditors' legal risk, it tends to decrease or at least have no impact on the liability judgment.,This study contributes to the accounting literature by adding findings on another aspect of KAM in different audit settings, particularly, in the Thai legal environment with different types of undetected misstatements. The current conflicting results on how KAM disclosures affect auditor liability warrant further investigation of this issue in other audit contexts in different countries.


Reliable data on sex–age class composition of muskox (Ovibos moschatus) herds are necessary prerequisites to any successful management initiative. The classification requires some training to be exact; this paper presents a photographic record and description of field characteristics of a total of eight different sex–age classes, thus enabling the observer to perform a correct herd segregation. Differentiation of muskoxen relies primarily on horn development and secondarily on body and pelage.


Results on consensus protocols for networks are presented. The basic tools and the main contribution available in the literature are considered, together with some of the related challenging aspects: estimation in networks and how to deal with disturbances is considered. Motivated by applications to sensor, peer-to- peer, and ad hoc networks, many papers have considered the problem of estimation in a consensus fashion. Here, the unknown but bounded (UBB) noise affecting the network is addressed in details. Because of the presence of UBB disturbances convergence to equilibria with all equal components is, in general, not possible. The solution of the epsiv-consensus problem, where the states converge in a tube of ray epsiv asymptotically or in finite time, is described. In solving the epsiv-consensus problem a focus on linear protocols and a rule for estimating the average from a compact set of candidate points, the lazy rule, is shown.


Eastern Puerto Rico and the surrounding Caribbean experienced a severe drought in 2015 that resulted in record‐low reservoir and river levels. Rainfall deficits in April and May, which represent the period when the drought began, were more severe in 2015 than recent droughts of record. While El Niño has been associated with drought in the Caribbean, onset of the 2015 drought was strongly associated with lower‐than‐average values of a recently developed tool used by weather forecasters in San Juan, the Gálvez‐Davison Index (GDI), which is used to measure the potential for thunderstorm development and rainfall. Persistently low GDI values indicate strong and frequent intrusions of hot, dry air in the low to middle troposphere, suppressing convection, both locally and in development regions for tropical waves that impact Puerto Rico. The Saharan Air Layer (SAL) is largely responsible for this anomalously hot, dry air, which produced thermodynamically stable conditions and limited thunderstorms and rainfall. Moreover, higher‐than‐normal aerosol concentrations, typically associated with SAL intrusion over the Caribbean, were recorded in April and May 2015. A comparison to advanced very high resolution radiometer aerosol optical thickness demonstrates that higher Caribbean aerosols in the early rainfall season, particularly June, are associated with decreased rainfall in eastern Puerto Rico. Results here demonstrate a direct link between the early and more pronounced SAL intrusions into the Caribbean and the suppression of the early rainfall season. More broadly, a reduction in the GDI and increase in the trade wind inversion was associated with reduced early season rainfall in the eastern Caribbean.


Long-distance, high-capacity transmission using a light beam in a beam waveguide is an attractive project for optical communications. However, the transmission of energy in the form of a beam gives rise to a new problem, that is, the stability of a sharp beam. In this paper, the stability problems of a Gaussian beam in a beam waveguide are presented. The deflection and the spot-size variation of a beam in the waveguide with known imperfections, such as transverse displacements of lenses, variation in focal length, and so on, are studied. If the transverse displacements of the lenses are periodic in space, instability of the beam path may occur. The unstable condition is derived. The variation of the spot size at the lenses is obtained in terms of small perturbations of the ideal waveguide. If the incident beam from a laser is not matched to the mode of the waveguide, the spot size at the lenses varies periodically. Statistical results for the models of a waveguide with random lenses, having random transverse position, random spacing, and random focal length, are also given.


Considering various perspectives and interpretations, a myth has been present in the operation of numerous organizations. Management and entrepreneurship undergo the process of mythologization as well as organizations, with their foundation myths and mythological heroes. Myths refer to the results of the operations run by organizations and their capabilities – such questions have been considered in expert literature on management. The problem of myths has been scarcely researched in the studies on operations performed by media organizations. In media environment, the myth has been following traditional media in their capabilities which refer to their functioning as the Fourth Estate. In the time of digital media, convergence of media, IT, and telecommunication sectors, all the "new media" have been mythologized. Myths have been accompanying the activities of particular organizations and their heroes – leaders; the potential of media organizations has also been mythologized in the context of solving social problems as well as in the context of achieving business objectives.


A chip electronic component includes a magnetic body including an insulating substrate, and an internal coil part formed on at least one surface of the insulating substrate. The internal coil part includes first coil patterns formed on the insulating substrate, second coil patterns disposed on the first coil patterns, and third coil patterns disposed on the second coil patterns, and interface parts distinguished from the first to third coil patterns are disposed on at least one of interfaces between the first and second coil patterns and interfaces between the second and third coil patterns.


Implementation of a carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimator with multiple correlation lags is presented in this paper. The proposed implementation breaks through the length constraint of single training sequence, and reduces the hardware cost of the estimator. A newly designed Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) loop are also proposed to achieve better utilization of multiple estimates and better trade-off between convergence rate and estimation accuracy. Employing the proposed designs, a training-sequence based CFO estimator with multi-correlation-lag for TDS-OFDM system is implemented using field programmable gate array (FPGA). As shown in the results, the proposed implementation can substantially improve estimation performance and hardware efficiency.


The submarine is a important weapon platform in modern war. It need not only good disguise but also good maneuver. the submarine maneuver is difficult to be controlled because it's complex movement and strong nonlinearity. Especially when coming in or out the port, good maneuver is necessary to ensure the safety of submarine. the mission of autopilot is to change or keep the course, which usually adopt PID arithmetic. PID control is easy realized and highly reliable for many control system. but it bases on determinate math model and is difficult to achieve satisfactory effect for some complex control object such as submarine maneuver. Fuzzy control is introduced to combined with PID control and computer simulation research is carried out in the MATLAB/Simulink platform.


This article focuses on agent-based computational (ABC) modeling of social interaction. It begins with an overview of ABC modeling as a computational implementation of 'methodological individualism', the search for the microfoundations of social life in the actions of intentional agents. It then considers how the ABC method differs from an earlier generation of modeling approaches, including game theory, equation-based models of computer simulation (such as system dynamics), and multivariate linear models. It also discusses potential weaknesses of ABC modeling and proposes research strategies to address them. The article suggests that ABC modeling will lead to significant advances in the bottom-up approach to the study of social dynamics.


A consensus is taking shape that favors a substantial expansion of the authority and resources with which the Food and Drug Administration can carry out its increasingly complex regulatory mission....


© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. No commercial reuse. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. INTRODUCTION Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare cholestatic disorder with a prevalence of 16.2 per 100 000 population. It is characterised by progressive inflammation and destruction of the intrahepatic and extraheptic bile ducts culminating in progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis. The course of PSC is complicated by biliary strictures, recurrent cholangitis and a 4001500 times higher risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and other hepatopancreatobiliary malignancy than the general population. 4–9 Treatment of PSC revolves around managing symptoms and complications as they arise. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) is a valuable tool that allows therapeutic interventions to optimise biliary drainage and facilitate biliary sampling. Despite the utility, controversies remain as to when ERC should be performed. 12 This article aims to clarify some of the issues surrounding this and to provide practical guidance on the ERCbased assessment and management of biliary strictures in PSC. bile ducts culminating in progressive fibrosis and cirrhosis. The course of PSC is complicated by biliary strictures, recurrent cholangitis and a 4001500 times higher risk of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) and other hepatopancreatobiliary malignancy than the general population. 4–9 Treatment of PSC revolves around managing symptoms and complications as they arise. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) is a valuable tool that allows therapeutic interventions to optimise biliary drainage and facilitate biliary sampling. Despite the utility, controversies remain as to when ERC should be performed. 12 This article aims to clarify some of the issues surrounding this and to provide practical guidance on the ERCbased assessment and management of biliary strictures in PSC.


Investments in Electronic medical records (EMR) is one of the largest components of overall health information technology investments. Examining the impact of EMR on quality of healthcare delivery is a topic of significant importance. This dissertation aims at exploring the relationship between the EMR capabilities and healthcare quality performance of hospitals. In particular, this study examines three important issues. First, the relationship between the synergy among different portfolios of EMR capabilities and quality of care at U.S. hospitals is studied. It also extends the analysis of EMR capabilities effects on quality of healthcare beyond the focus on the initial investment to examine how the assimilation and use of different EMR capabilities impact various healthcare quality measures. We used archival data to conduct a five-year (2008-2012) longitudinal study of a large panel of U.S. hospitals. Second, this study seeks to determine whether early adopters of advanced EMR capabilities (CPOE and physician documentation) were able to improve quality of healthcare, and finally, this research also answers the question of whether EMR capabilities adoption path impacts healthcare quality outcomes. Our results suggest that the synergy among full EMR capabilities portfolio is associated with better quality outcomes. Our results also suggest that the greater assimilation and use of EMR capabilities are also associated with improvement on only one quality outcomes measure. Further, the results highlight that early adopters of advanced EMR capabilities were able to improve quality outcomes relative to hospitals that were not early adopters. Furthermore, our results suggest that the sequence of EMR capabilities adoption does matter, and the findings empirically show improvement in quality outcomes when hospitals follow certain sequences of EMR capabilities adoption. We believe that this study has important implications for public policy focused on enhancing health IT investments in EMR capabilities and improving quality outcomes.


The purpose of this study is to analyze traits of transport goods by Rail. Now, many kinds of shipper transports their goods by the Rail. but Rail transport system did not satisfied their requirements. In order to analyze shippers desire, make a marketing strategy for more efficient rail transportation system, make up a questionnaire on transport by rail and analyze by using AHP method.


The development of the structure and mechanism of digital production system (DPS) functioning during technological preproduction (TP) and adaptive control (AC) of preliminary finish turning and milling is presented. On the basis of the analysis carried out with the use of complex criteria of technological cost price and general effectiveness of equipment there was defined an increase of technical and economic TP effectiveness of machining at the expense of the measures offered for DPS introduction.


p53 is the key transcription factor controlling cel lular responses to oncogenic stimulation and DNA da mage. Its activity is tightly controlled by numerous feed back loops. In response to DNA damage, p53 promotes expression of proteins, which suppress cell cycle a nd ctivate DNA repair. If the damage is irreparabl e or the repair takes too long, the programmed cell death (a poptosis) is initiated. In the current study we analyze the apoptotic modul e, a part of our larger p53 pathway model. In the model, the apoptosis is triggered due to the suppre ssion of Akt activity and/or elevated level of p53 killer. p53 killer, i.e. p53 form phosphorylated at Ser-46 (in addition to Ser-15 and Ser-20), promotes synthesis of proapoptotic protein Bax. In healthy cells Bax is inac tive due to binding to Bcl-2, another member of Bcl -2 family proteins. Suppression of Akt activity leads to the dissociation of Bax:Bcl-2 complexes and rele ase of Bax. Therefore, two signals may lead to the accumul ation of free Bax: one coming from elevated level o f p53 killer, the other resulting from decreased level of active Akt. We demonstrated that, depending on par ameters, the apoptosis can be controlled by the logic gate ' AND' as well as gate 'OR'. In the first case both s ignals are required simultaneously, while in the latter case a ny of the two signals suffices for the initiation o f apoptosis. INTRODUCTION The tumor suppressor p53 plays a crucial role in th e cellular response to genotoxic stress. After detection of the DNA damage, activated p53 serves a s a potent transcription factor inducing the expression of numerous genes comprising a complex r egulatory network. Multiple intertwined feedback loops, spanning diverse time scales, can s uppress cell cycle and allow for the DNA repair in the interim. If the DNA damage is not repaired w ithin a predefined timespan, specific feedback loops direct the cell toward apoptosis. This late stage is driven by the Bcl-2 family prote ins, including Bax, Bad and Bcl-2 proper, which are capable of creating heterodimers. Bcl-2 s equestrates free Bax, but it can be depleted through binding to Bad, which in turn in healthy ce lls is sequestered by other protein, 14-3-3. Released Bax promotes permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane, leading to the efflux of cytochrome c and subsequent activation of caspase cascade responsible for irreversible cleavage of cellular proteins and cell death. Effec tiv control of free Bax is therefore important for making appropriate decision about cell death or sur vival. Building upon our previous results [1], we created a novel model of the p53 regulatory pathway. In this study we focus on its apoptotic module. The apoptosis is induced by either p53 killer promoting the synthesis of Bax or in a p53-independ ent way, in which low activity of kinase Akt results in the disruption of Bcl-2:Bax complexes an d release of free Bax. The latter mode can be enabled irrespectively of oncogenic stimulation by the withdrawal of growth factors. We analyze the dynamics of the apoptotic module with respect t o input levels of p53 killer and active Akt. High level of the output signal – free Bax – indicates the initiation of apoptosis. THE p53 MODEL Ionizing radiation leads to DNA damage by creating double strand breaks, which are detected by ATM undergoing auto-phosphorylation. Active ATM activates p53 by phosphorylation at Ser15 and Ser-20 [2]. Activated p53 serves as a transc iption factor for genes coding for two groups of proteins having proor anti-apoptotic roles. In it s basic active form named p53 arrester, it induces synthesis of its inhibitors Mdm2 and Wip1 [3] as we ll as proteins responsible for cell cycle arrest and DNA repair. The p53 killer form (phosphorylated additionally at Ser-46) activates expression of proteins mediating apoptosis (PTEN and Bax) [4]. Figure 1. Schematic representation of the model. Triangle-headed dashed lines indicate transcriptio n and translation, arrow-headed solid lines – protein tra nsformation, circle-headed solid lines – activatory p otein interactions. The model (see Fig. 1) comprises four negative and two positive feedback loops. Negative feedback loops: • [p53 Mdm2 p53] p53 arrester induces synthesis of Mdm2 which mediates p53 arrester degradation [5], • [p53 Wip1 ATM p53] p53 arrester induces synthesi s of phosphatase Wip1, which switches off auto-activated kinase ATM, rendering i t incapable of activating p53 to the arrester form, • [p53 Wip1 ATM Mdm2 p53] p53 arrester induces sy nthesis of Wip1, which switches off ATM so it cannot deactivate nuclear Md m2, which mediates degradation of p53 arrester, • [p53 Wip1 Mdm2 p53] p53 arrester induces synthes is of Wip1, which activates nuclear Mdm2 directly, inducing degradation of p53 arrester. Positive feedback loops: • [p53 Wip1 p53] p53 arrester induces synthesis of Wip1, which increases level of p53 arrester by dephosphorylating p53 killer, • [p53 PTEN PIP3 Akt Mdm2 p53] p53 killer induce s synthesis of PTEN, which induces activity of p53 killer by protecting it from Mdm2-mediated degradation; th is long loop involves PIP3 and Akt [6]. In the model, induced DNA damage triggers the repai r process. The model reproduces oscillations of p53 level, which were observed expe rim ntally and here are attributed mainly to the p53-Mdm2 loop and delayed degradation [5]. Restrain ts implemented by negative feedbacks and slow accumulation of PTEN grant irradiated cells ti me for the repair. In the case of small damage, the system returns to the initial state with low le vel of p53 arrester and low level of p53 killer (which corresponds to survival); however, if the da mage is large, and is not repaired within a predefined time, p53 killer stabilizes on a high le vel and associated positive feedback becomes dominant; accumulating Bax forces the cell to commi t apoptosis. The analysis of the model shows that critical dose f IR initializing apoptosis is dependent on the expression level of anti-apoptotic phosphatase Wip1 and pro-apoptotic phosphatase PTEN. The experimental data shows that levels of Wip1 and PTE N expression strongly depend on the cell line. Interestingly, high level of Wip1 and low level of PTEN (as in breast cancer cell line MCF-7 [7]) give oscillations of p53 arrester and killer levels regardless of the extent of the IR dose. With the expression levels set accordingly, the model reflec ts the behavior of the cell line MCF-7. In normal cells with efficient mechanism of DNA damage repair and apoptosis, the critical IR dose is 2 Gy, i.e. higher dose leads to apoptosis, while for IR < 2 Gy the DNA is repaired and the cell returns to normal cell cycle. RESULTS The mathematical representation of the apoptotic mo dule consists of 7 molecular species: mRNA of Bax, proteins: Bax, Bcl-2 (proper), Bad, 14-3-3, p53 k iller and Akt, and 3 complexes Bax:Bcl-2, Bcl-2:Bad and Bad:14-3-3. In healthy cells, level of p53 killer is low and le vel of active Akt is high. p53 killer serves as a transcription factor for Bax. Akt promotes cell sur vival by inactivation of pro-apototic Bax. This is accomplished by the following interactions: Normall y, Bad is phosphorylated by Akt and bound with protein 14-3-3, while Bax remains bound to Bcl -2. Deactivation of Akt results in the dephosphorylation of Bad, which in dephosphorylated form binds preferentially to Bcl-2 (instead of to 14-3-3) displacing Bax from Bax:Bcl-2 complex, a nd thus leading to the release of apoptosisinducing free Bax. The dynamic behavior of the modu le can be expressed with the following system of ordinary differential equations, where levels of phosphorylated Bad and Akt are denoted Bad* and Akt*:


In this article, we provide two optimal property of MCP regularization optimization. One shows that the support set of a local minimizer corresponds to linearly independent columns of $A$ , the other provides two sufficient conditions for a stationary point to be a local minimizer point. An active set subspace second-order algorithm for MCP regularized optimization is proposed. The active sets are estimated by an identification technique that can accurately identify the zero components in a neighbourhood of a stationary point. The search direction consists of two parts: some of the components are simply defined; the other components are determined by a second-order algorithm. A nonmonotone line search strategy that guarantees global convergence is used. The numerical comparisons with several state-of-art methods demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.


Thickness dependence of leakage current behavior in Pt/(Ba,Sr)TiO3/Pt film capacitors was investigated by fabricating epitaxial (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films having different thicknesses of 55–225 nm but with an identical interface state on Pt(001)/MgO(001) substrates by a radio-frequency magnetron sputtering technique. In the 55-nm-thick film, the Schottky emission is found to be a main leakage mechanism over a wide electric field range. In sharp contrast, instead of the Schottky emission, the Fowler–Nordheim tunneling dominates particularly in the thicker films (⩾90 nm) at high electric fields. According to the energy band model proposed to explain these results, the major leakage conduction mechanism is likely to be associated with overlapping of the depletion layers formed at the top and bottom interfaces.


One contention resolution strategy in OBS networks: deflection routing is studied. An existing work is extended to provide approximate and accurate models for the data loss analysis of single OBS node with and without wavelength conversion capability.


Describes pharmaceutically pharmaceutical carriers for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guided released, which can be contained due to local irritation, such as energy input, such as heat release shell encapsulated bioactive agent, wherein said housing enclosure 19F MR contrast agents. Preferably, the carrier also serves as a contrast enhancing agent based on chemical exchange saturation transfer (the CEST) principles for MRI. For this purpose, the encapsulating shell comprising a paramagnetic chemical shift reagent, the analyte library proton cavity 19F and the contrast agent, and wherein the shell allows diffusion of the proton analytes.


This study investigated dissociative psychological processes and flow (dispositional and state) in a group of professional and pre-professional dancers (n = 74). In this study, high scores for global (Mdn = 4.14) and autotelic (Mdn = 4.50) flow suggest that dancing was inherently integrating and rewarding, although 17.6% of the dancers were identified as possibly having clinical levels of dissociation (Dissociative Experiences Scale–Taxon cutoff score ≥20). The results of the multivariate analysis of variance indicated that subjects with high levels of dissociation had significantly lower levels of global flow (p < .05). Stepwise linear regression analyses demonstrated that dispositional flow negatively predicted the dissociative constructs of depersonalization and taxon (p < .05) but did not significantly predict the variance in absorption/imagination (p > .05). As hypothesized, dissociation and flow seem to operate as different mental processes.