[Objective] The aim was to discuss the effects of harvest in different field maturity degree on senescence indices,yield,quality and style feature of tobacco leaves.[Method] The filed experiment was used.[Result] With the harvesting time delay,the MDA content of all parts of tobacco plant increased;the maturity of raw tobacco and chromaticity of baked upper and middle parts of tobacco leaves,their identity tended to be thin,their oil content rose,and their structure became loose;the appearance quality of the lower parts of tobacco leaves firstly became better and then became worse,and it was better to harvest in maturity standard,and if harvest time delayed,their chromaticity weakened,their identity was thin and their oil content was less,so their appearance quality decreased.The single leaf weight of all parts of tobacco leaves and the total yield of tobacco leaves all had decreasing tendency,while their output,average price,the proportion of superior tobacco,and the proportion of middle and superior tobacco showed the tendency of firstly increasing and then decreasing,and they all reached the biggest value when the tobacco leaves were harvested in the maturity harvest standard.The nicotine content of the middle and upper parts of tobacco leaves increased,the total sugar content of the middle parts of tobacco leaves declined,and the total sugar content of the upper parts of tobacco leaves and the reduced sugar content of the middle and upper parts of tobacco leaves both showed the tendency of firstly increasing and then decreasing.The chemical components of the middle and upper parts of tobacco leaves tended incoordination;and the time of getting the highest score of sensory quality of raw tobacco of the middle and upper parts of tobacco leaves advanced 6 and 7 days compared to the existing mature standards.[Conclusion]The study provides a reference for establishing the suitable field harvest maturity degree indices of tobacco leaves of clearly displaying the characteristics of Luzhou-flavor.


Through a deep study on the low porosity and the low permeability of clasolite reservoir diagenesis and the evolution of blowhole in the reservoir space、the capillary pressure、the feature of blowhole and the cut-off physical property in the low permeability of clasolite reservoir,the oil and gas storage performance is affected easily by the diagenesis and the rocks fundamental fabric of the low porosity and the low permeability of the sandstone reservoir in the Silurian System of the southwestern Ta River in the Tarim Basin.There is certain difference between the porosity structure feature of the reservoir and the reservoir performance.And it may affect the effective reservoir performance.It is determinate that the values of physical properties low limit the reservoir by the relationship between the porosity,the permeability of the core analysis and the saturation,the effective permeability of the oily core.The cut-off value of physical properties in the reservoir:the cut-off value of porosity is 6%;the cut-off value of permeability is 1×10-3μm2;the cut-off value of permeability is 10×10-3μm2.


In April 2007, the Stedelijk Museum in Amsterdam finally began the construction of a new extension, designed by the Dutch firm Benthem Crouwel Architects, after seventeen years of internal and public controversy. In the context of a global enthusiasm for museum refurbishment or renewal, this article analyses the new building for the Stedelijk Museum and asks if it will bring about the long-awaited salvation. Via a detailed analysis of a report of 2003 on the future of the museum on the one hand and of the building brief on the other, the article demonstrates that the new extension of the Stedelijk is not so much aimed at defining a new and challenging museum typology, but is plagued by both pragmatism and nostalgia about a glorious period in its history, epitomized by the charismatic museum director Willem Sandberg.


• What did the research find? Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptors were found to be present on lamellar epithelial cells. Insulin caused a concentration-dependent increase in lamellar epithelial cell proliferation, with the maximum effect observed at an insulin concentration of 1000 μIU/ml. Coincubation with a blocking antibody to the IGF-1 receptor significantly inhibited the proliferative effect of insulin.


Based on Murphy,Shlefer Vishny's theory,we conduct an empirical study of the relationship between industrialized products consumption and income inequality in China.Using China's rural and urban time series data during 1978-2006 as well as SUR model,the empirical result shows that the impact of income inequality on the consumption of the industrialized products is different between China's rural and urban areas.The effect of inequality is negative in urban area,but it is positive in rural area.


The Connotation of elites is expanding with the development of higher education.Adhering to the highest ideal of "Cultural Critique",not to degenerate into purely cultivating technical elites is the main challenge faced by elite higher education of every country at the present,and further more,it ought to be paid much attention by China universities during transitional period.Elite education in China modern university provides important experience and reference for today's university construction with high level,and its unfinished task of cultural improvement and social enlightenment is also the compelling obligation of elite education in transitional society.


Global Bakery is a food company engaged in bread production that is having difficulty determining how much bread will be produced in the event of a pandemic. This study aims to help predict the amount of bread that will be produced during a pandemic. With the benefit of making it easier for companies to determine the amount of bread to be produced. Data obtained from Global Bakery and the official website of Covid-19 Bekasi Regency from March 20, 2020 to April 20, 2020. The author uses the Fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno method to predict the amount of bread that must be produced by Global Bakery during a pandemic with the following stages: fuzzification, rule formation, calculating ɑ-predicate and zi value, then calculating defuzification. Then an evaluation is carried out using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). This study uses Matlab's GUI tools in implementing the Predictor program. The Fuzzy Takagi-Sugeno method is able to predict the amount of bread production at Global Bakery with optimal results, where if the sales are 180 pieces, the remaining sales are 289, and the number of positive cases of Covid-19 is 6 people with the actual production number of 469 pieces, then The prediction results obtained were 347 units. The results of the calculations that have been done obtained the results of accuracy with a good category, namely with a MAPE value of 18.6%.


The polyacrylamide/starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer/bentonite composites with different concentrations of the bentonite and starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer were prepared by in-situ polymerization. The influence of the concentration of the bentonite and starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer on the water absorbency was investigated. The water absorbency of 115 g/g could be achieved with the composite composed of 50wt% bentonite, 17wt% starch-acrylic acid graft copolymer and 33wt% polyacrylamide. The excellent absorption and retention performance of the composite makes it potential to be applied in the model of Rain garden.


The three-dimensional ideal gas flow in the shock layer of a blunted supersonic cone at an angle of attack is calculated using two asymptotic solutions. The first solution calculates the steady state flow in the subsonic nose region by obtaining a time-dependent solution of the hyperbolic equations using numerical techniques. Internal, nonboundary points are calculated using a Lax-Wendroff numerical type technique. Boundary points, shock and body surface, are computed using a time-dependent method of characteristics. When a steady state solution is reached the flow properties on a surface of constant {theta}, (where the Mach number is everywhere > 1) are used for initial data for the afterbody solution. The afterbody solution, using polar coordinates (r, {theta}, {phi}) assumes at r{sub 0} an arbitrary set of initial conditions provided by the nose region solution and computes the downstream flow as a function of {theta}, {phi}, and r until an asymptotic state independent of r develops. The interior mesh points are again calculated using a Lax- Wendroff type technique and the boundary points by a method of characteristics. This report covers the coupling of the time-dependent and radius (r) dependent solutions. Instructions are given for the operation of the resulting Fortran code. The type of input data required is detailed and sample output is provided. Output data is given in two sets of coordinates. One is wind orientated; the other set is given in body orientated coordinates; The analytical transformation from one coordinate system to the other is given.


Hemodynamic changes were studied pre- and postoperatively on eleven liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension patients subjected to splenectomy and portal-azygos disconnection by pulsed ultrasonic Doppler. The results showed that the volume of blood flow of main portal vein(MPV) and the umbilical portion(UP) and the right anterior branch of portal vein were decreased and the volume of blood flow of superior mesenteric vein was increased after operation. The free portal venous pressure (FPP) and congestion index(CI) were not changed in high degree before and after operation. The FPP was positively Correlated with the CI before operation (P0.05). The reduced volume of blood flow of the MPV and the umbilical portion were positively correlated with the volume of blood flow of splenic vein after operation (p0.01).


three months later, he underwent a transfer of the nerve of the rhomboid muscle to the suprascapular nerve to reinnervate the rotator cuff4 and a double transfer of fascicles was performed under electrical stimulation: one motor fascicle harvested from the ulnar nerve rerouted onto the branch of the long head of the triceps brachii and one motor fascicle harvested from the median nerve rerouted onto the nerve of the biceps muscle. five weeks after the surgery, the patient was admitted into our neurological rehabilitation unit. on admission, he had no neuropathic pain and no visible or palpable contraction at any shoulder muscle or the elbow flexors with only a slight contraction of the triceps brachii. the patient integrated a standard rehabilitation program that was complemented by upper limb robotic training. rehabilitation consisted of occupational therapy (ot), physiotherapy with electrical stimulation (Es) and upper limb robotassisted sessions, each for one hour, five days per week. This single case study was conducted in accordance with the Good clinical practice guidelines and local regulatory requirements. ot sessions included strengthening of pronation, supination, wrist extension, finger flexion and extension, as well as prehension tasks. ES sessions involved stimulation of deltoid and brachii biceps muscles using Genesy 3000 rehab Globus®. robotic therapy and robot-based kinematic assessment used an end-effector device, the inMotion 2.0 (interactive Motion technologies, inc., Watertown, Ma) (figure 2a). this robot assists shoulder (flexion/extension) and elbow (flexion/extension) movements in the horizontal plane using a performance-based algorithm that adjusts forces to assist or challenge movements Conflicts of interest.—Mieke van de sandt-Koenderman receives author revenues as co-author of the screeling, a linguistic aphasia screening test in dutch, published in the netherlands in 2010. the other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Authors' contributions.—Marieke r. blom-smink, Mieke W. van de sandtKoenderman and Gerard M. ribbers contributed to conception and design of the study; Marieke r. blom-smink collected the data, and performed the statistical analyses with contributions of hester f. lingsma and Majanka h. heijenbrok-Kal; Marieke r. blom-smink, Mieke W. van de sandt-Koenderman, hester f. lingsma, and Majanka h. heijenbrok-Kal interpreted the data; Mieke W. van de sandt-Koenderman and Gerard M. ribbers supervised the study; Marieke R. Blom-Smink wrote the first draft of the manuscript. all authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version. Article first published online: March 21, 2019. Manuscript accepted: March 19, 2019. Manuscript revised: March 18, 2019. Manuscript received: november 20, 2018.


Antarctic sea ice plays an important role in polar ecosystems and global climate, while its variability is affected by many factors. Teleconnections between the tropical and high latitudes have profound impacts on Antarctic climate changes through the stationary Rossby wave mechanism. Recent studies have connected long-term Antarctic sea ice changes to multidecadal variabilities of the tropical ocean, including the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation and the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. On interannual timescales, whether an impact exists from teleconnection of the tropical Atlantic is not clear. Here we find an impact of sea surface temperature (SST) variability of the tropical Atlantic meridional dipole mode on Antarctic sea ice that is most prominent in austral autumn. The meridional dipole SST anomalies in the tropical Atlantic force deep convection anomalies locally and over the tropical Pacific, generating stationary Rossby wave trains propagating eastward and poleward, which induce atmospheric circulation anomalies affecting sea ice. Specifically, convective anomalies over the equatorial Atlantic and Pacific are opposite-signed, accompanied by anomalous wave sources over the subtropical Southern Hemisphere. The planetary-scale atmospheric response has significant impacts on sea ice concentration anomalies in the Ross Sea, near the Antarctic Peninsula, and east of the Weddell Sea.


Tibet is one of the five major pastoral areas in China,its animal husbandry has long been dependent on natural grassland. Faced with the severe problem of lack of forage supply in winter and spring,developing artificial grasslands is an important measure to solve the seasonal imbalance between livestock and grass and alleviate grazing pressure in grassland. This paper describes the status quo of the development of artificial grasslands in the Tibetan areas,as well as the five aspects of problems existed in the process of developing artificial grasslands,including cultivar selection,multiple cropping of forage grasses,soil compaction after sowing,mixture sowing of oat( Avena sativa L.) and common vetch( Vicia sativa L.),and seed production. It also puts forward the corresponding solutions.


The article is devoted to topical issues of highly productive heterogeneous distributed computing environments organization based on personal computers connected to the communication network. The analysis and identification of the characteristics of the most significant in conditions of geographical set-up and heterogeneity are carried out. The methods of automatic optimization of the process of allocation of nodes for the subsystems formed when the computational tasks are input to the system are investigated.


An object's colour, brightness and pattern are all influenced by its surroundings, and a number of visual phenomena and "illusions" have been discovered that highlight these often dramatic effects. Explanations for these phenomena range from low-level neural mechanisms to high-level processes that incorporate contextual information or prior knowledge. Importantly, few of these phenomena can currently be accounted for when measuring an object's perceived colour. Here we ask to what extent colour appearance is predicted by a model based on the principle of coding efficiency. The model assumes that the image is encoded by noisy spatio-chromatic filters at one octave separations, which are either circularly symmetrical or oriented. Each spatial band's lower threshold is set by the contrast sensitivity function, and the dynamic range of the band is a fixed multiple of this threshold, above which the response saturates. Filter outputs are then reweighted to give equal power in each channel for natural images. We demonstrate that the model fits human behavioural performance in psychophysics experiments, and also primate retinal ganglion responses. Next we systematically test the model's ability to qualitatively predict over 35 brightness and colour phenomena, with almost complete success. This implies that contrary to high-level processing explanations, much of colour appearance is potentially attributable to simple mechanisms evolved for efficient coding of natural images, and is a basis for modelling the vision of humans and other animals.


Abstract The cooling rate during material processing until glass transition rate is the key parameter for the production of bulk metallic glasses. But in the past, little attention has been paid to advanced production techniques such as deposition of molten metal sprays or spray forming, which offer elevated cooling rates. In this work, cooling conditions during spray forming were investigated due to its utmost importance for producing amorphous structures. Spray forming is treated in this work as a three step cooling process consisting of droplet flight phase, splat phase and deposit phase. All cooling steps were simulated for different droplet sizes. The surface temperature of the deposit was found to play an important role in the production of metallic glasses via spray forming. The simulation model can be used to find suitable spray conditions for the generation of bulk metallic glasses.


age of the embryo. Both in vivo and in vitro mononucleated myoblasts from 3-day chick embryos show typical striated myofibrils. Later in development these myoblasts fuse to form multinucleated myotubes.9 Mononucleated myoblasts are relatively rare in 11-day chick embryos. In the older muscle, synthesis of contractile proteins is confined primarily to multinucleated myotubes. When mononucleated myogenic cells, obtained by trypsinizing 11-day embryonic muscle, are cultured, myosin and actin are synthesized primarily after the cells fuse to form myotubes.8, 10, 11, 13, 14 Fusion is initiated by the recognition of homotypic cells, and is presumably mediated by unique molecular markers on the cell surface.'0 Recognition is followed by further interactions leading either to breakdown of the intervening membranes, as in phagocytosis, or to a more subtle rearrangement of membranes as may occur in fertilization.'2 Fusion occurs between mononucleated cells, between mononucleated cells and multinucleated myotubes, and between nascent multinucleated myotubes. Inspection of individual cells for evidence of DNA synthesis and myosin synthesis reveals that those mononucleated cells which incorporate H3thymidine fail to bind antibodies against myosin and actin. Conversely, mononucleated cells or multinucleated myotubes which bind antibody have diploid nuclei and fail to incorporate H'-thymidine.8' 1 113, 3 These and related observations'0' 14 lead to the proposition that presumptive myoblasts repress pathways leading to DNA synthesis and withdraw from the mitotic cycle prior to translating for myosin. The experiments to be described support this view and suggest additional correlations between myogenesis and the mitotic cycle. Materials and Methods.-Mononucleated myogenic cells were obtained from 3-day somites or 11-day chick breast muscle as described.3 8 One milliliter of the suspension was layered over coverslips with, or without, plasma clots, in Leighton tubes at concentrations ranging from 1.5 X 10' to 1 X 106 cells/ml. After varying periods the coverslips were removed and the adhering cells prepared for microscopy. Culture media consisted of either 8:1:1 (Eagle's MEM: horse serum: embryo extract) or 2:2: 1 (Simm's salt solution: horse serum: embryo extract). Radioautography followed procedures described.8' 10 Colchicine (10-6 M) in medium was used to arrest cells in metaphase. The presence or absence of myofilaments was determined with fluorescein-labeled antibodies against chick myosin" 5. 10 and with polarization optics.


Money laundering has a cross-border character and multifaceted nature of criminal activities. In responding to it, trend in anti-money laundering strategy has moved from a domestic to an international level. This trend was marked by the establishment of international legal instruments which were manifested into the internationalization in preventing and controlling this type of crime. At the same time, international standards as well as global regulations have also emerged into global administrative laws and institutions. The question is how far those countries that are involved in the formulation of the international standards have complied with their obligations? This article takes an analytical approach towards the internationalization of anti-money laundering and some of the key issues surrounding the compliance of states. This research was done by using a normative legal approach, sources of data used in this study are primary and secondary legal resources. This research has concluded the internationalization is one of dynamic aspects of anti-money laundering in responding the global character of money laundering practices. Through this feature, anti-money laundering has manifested into 'international standards' which involve binding and non-binding rules


This thesis takes IBM600E as an example,exploring its CPU、memory、hard disc and its upgrading in detail.some important technical changes are made to this type of notebook computer,which give it new life.


The present invention relates to a video game system and method of video game launching server and a network using the same. Video game method using a network, according to one feature of the present invention, using a plurality of video game device the user is the video game machine, connected to the video game machine for use with a display device that displays a video game progress of the video game a method, comprising: a plurality of said user through a network to execute the video game apparatus that physically connected to each other user; And a step of proceeding to the game while exchanging text and voice information with each other the user. The invention has a large number of users connected to the network by a video game machine and to enjoy the game while exchanging text and voice information.


FOR more than a decade the spotJL light of public opinion has been focused on the pros and cons of various methods of financing medical care. While the importance of this issue cannot be denied, it should be understood that the provision of adequate medical care for all Americans rests upon more than a financial formula. A pattern of professional organizatiop which will weld the multitudinous parts of health


A displacement type seismograph of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), a velocity type seismograph developed by Muramatsu and a piezoelectric accelerometer were installed on the ground floor of the observation building at Chiba Experiment Station of Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, to obtain a better and more comprehensive understanding of the earthquake ground motions recorded by different kinds of seismographs. Simultaneous observation using these three kinds of seismographs has been conducted since December, 1985 and a total of 47 earthquake events have been successfully recorded. Using these earthquake records, the performance of the JMA displacement type seismometer and piezoelectric accelerometer was examined with the aid of the coherence function, transfer function and phase lag between the records.


© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com We have read with interest the paper by Pappone et al. in the recent issue of the Journal. The respectable group of authors should be congratulated for suggesting the novel concept of arrhythmogenesis in patients with long QT syndrome and for introducing the ablation strategy that may expand the therapeutic armamentarium in those who suffer from recurrent malignant ventricular arrhythmias. It is amazing to see a localized substrate in the epicardium of the right ventricular outflow tract. Although the ablation of this epicardial layer with clearly abnormal electrical activities appeared highly effective in the prevention of recurrent arrhythmias, we would like to discuss the author's observation that ablation was accompanied by a shortening of corrected QT (QTc) interval. Accurate and precise QT interval measurement is challenging even in healthy subjects, let alone in patients with Tand U-wave abnormalities. As an example, in Figure 2 (patient #4), the authors presented the procedural recordings of 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) before and after ablation with presumable shortening of QT interval from 489 to 439 ms and QTc interval from 525 to 482 ms. The measurement was performed on a single cardiac cycle, but the use of electronic callipers and the paper speed of 50 cm/s guaranteed the reliable detection of a potential shortening of repolarization by >10 ms and definitely by ∼40 ms as suggested. We re-assessed these readings in magnified and digitized Figure 2. The original callipers were placed correctly in the baseline ECG recording, so that the baseline QT data appear realistic. In the post-ablation ECG, however, the QRS-onset calliper was placed clearly late as is evident in almost all ECG leads. On the other hand, the T-wave-offset calliper was placed too early which can be best seen in leads V5 and V6. After the elimination of this 'bilateral' bias of ∼20 ms in favour of QT interval shortening by 40 ms, the final correct QT interval could be 479 ms with QTc interval of 526 ms, indicating virtually no change in the duration of repolarization induced by epicardial substrate ablation. In Supplementary material online, Figure S4 for the same patient, a 9-month follow-up ECG is presented with an automated reading of QT interval (382 ms) and QTc interval (404 ms) that appear correct by the naked eye, but the comparison to former ECGs, which were acquired in the anaesthetized patient, is not relevant and standard pre-ablation ECG is not provided. We thus wonder whether Pappone et al. would admit that proposed substrate ablation may indeed modify or even shorten the repolarization of ventricular myocardium, but that this works locally, not globally. Such a conclusion would be more plausible than unsupported speculation that 'ablation over these abnormal regions causes distal denervation that impairs repolarization of the entire heart'. In our opinion, relatively limited ablation cannot substantially affect the multiple neural inputs into the heart as well as the overall functioning of the intrinsic autonomic nervous system at the ventricular level.


Abstract Cold flow hydrodynamic study of a full loop, three-dimensional internally circulating dual fluidized bed (ICDFB) for coal gasification has been carried out using a Eulerian–Eulerian approach. The ICDFB system consists of a central riser and an annular bubbling fluidized bed (BFB) placed concentrically and interconnected by a solids separator and a loop seal. The compact design and simple geometric configuration are novel features of the proposed ICDFB system. All components of the ICDFB system are interconnected in such a manner that when air is injected through different aeration ports, a stable internal loop of solids circulation is established. A sensitivity study of various operating parameters that potentially influence solids distribution and recirculation rate has been conducted. Numerical results reveal that the highest pressure region is formed at the bottom of the loop-seal when a statistically steady solids circulation is reached. The riser gas superficial velocity and loop-seal aeration rate are found to be the major controlling factors of solids recirculation rate. Further, the performance of the gravity-based solids separator, specifically designed to capture Geldart B particles, is found to be suitable for the given range of riser superficial velocity and loop-seal aeration rate.


It is a big challenge to determine the intrinsic value associated with all attributes existing in a property. It is also difficult to predict this value accurately, because in real estate market there are several properties with distinct characteristics. This study aims at developing a mathematical model capable of estimating the financial return on investments in urban residential apartments destined to lease in São Paulo city, SP, and identifying characteristics that promote a greater profitability for these residential apartments. In order to do so, hedonic multiple linear regression models capable to predict the values of sale and rent have been developed. With these models, and the ratio between the predict values of rent and sale, it was possible to build a new regression model in order to determine the profitability in the rent of residential apartments. Using the analysis of this new model it was possible to determine the characteristics on apartments that present the best profitability on real estate market.


This work compares the biological properties of cis-diammine- dichloroplatinum (cisplatin) and its new analogue cis-(Pt(AF)2Cl2) (AF stands for 3-aminoflavone), which contains two aminoflavone substituents as non- leaving ligands. Both compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activity against cultured L1210 cells, and their DNA interstrand crosslinking activity in cells and in a cell-free system. Cisplatin was found to be an approximately 6 times more cytotoxic drug than its new analogue. Platinum complexes reacted with purified calf thymus DNA in a cell-free system producing DNA interstrand crosslinks. The kinetics of crosslink formation was very similar for both compounds but the maximal level of crosslinks was 20% higher for cisplatin. In cells, however, crosslinks were produced by cisplatin, whereas this type of DNA lesion was almost undetected in cells treated with the aminoflavone analogue as assayed by DNA alkaline elution. At higher drug concentrations, strong degradation of DNA was observed in L1210 cells treated with cis- (Pt(AF)2Cl2) but not in the cells incubated with cisplatin. This DNA degradation seems to reflect very efficient apoptosis induction by cis-(Pt(AF)2Cl2) as the electrophoretic patterns of DNA from cells incubated with this drug showed a ladder typical for apoptotic cells.


The study examined adaptations and responses in three locations in Yunnan, China. It also studied how state policies and local institutions have shaped the capacity of the rural population to respond and adapt to climate change and climate-induced risks. This paper highlights how external interventions can help strengthen the functioning of rural institutions and innovations relevant to adaptation.


way, toward making God the center of his metaphysics. Even in the area of ecclesiology he did not break loose from his heritage; in order to make Anglicanism more responsive to colonial conditions, he argued for an increase in local control. He also called for a clean separation of church and state in order to keep the church free from the taint of political corruption. These ''Puritan tendencies", plus a turn toward biblical literalism late in life, chart Johnson's continuing commitment to the traditions that shaped early New England. Ellis has written a significant book not only because he refines our views about Johnson, but also because he highlights the slow nature of intellectual change in the first half of the eighteenth century. The stamp of the heritage pressed deeply upon the minds of New Englanders including those in rebellion against the tradition. It is especially virtuous that Ellis has achieved sufficient distance from his subject. He correctly sees Johnson as neither particularly brilliant nor original —an indication of the state of colonial thought during the period.


In order to promote chemical linkage between polyester PET fibers and thermoplastic or elastomer matrices, a diazide derivative has been synthetized and reacted with the free hydroxyl groups of the fibers. The completion of the reaction was controlled by means of IR spectroscopy and chemical analysis, and fiber characterization was carried out by thermogravimetric and DSC techniques. The obtained results permit the determination of the suitability of the synthetized diazide to functionalize PET fibers that could be used as reinforcing fibers for polymer matrices composites. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


We explore BPS strings in supergravity theories in six-dimensions and related Swampland Conjectures. We first propose a general modular ansatz for bootstraping elliptic genera of 2d worldvolume theories on strings in the 6d theories. By employing mirror symmetry on F-theory examples, we explicitly compute the elliptic genera and validate our ansatz. We extend this approach to investigate BPS strings and their spectrum in non-geometric 6d theories which have no known F-theory constructions, and confirm the Swampland conjectures, including the Weak Gravity Conjecture, Distance Conjecture, and Emergent String Conjecture. We also discuss tensionless little strings that emerge near infinite-distance limits of strong gauge coupling in the moduli space of certain special theories.


The aim of research is to know the passive immunity level in broiler chicken
infected with various doses sporozoites of E. tenella on caeccal coccidiosis. The
complete random design of research was used in this experiment. Forty of broiler
divided into four treatments and each treatment composed ten replications. P0 was
chicken group without serum administration then challenged with 8 x 104. P1, P2,
P3 were chicken group with serum injection then challenged with 2 x104, 4x104,
8x104 respectively. Observation in this research were clinical symptoms,
histopathological featuring (hemorrhage ,inflammation, villi rupture), and oocyst
production. The data of clinical symptoms were analyzed descriptively. Oocyst
production was analyzed using ANOVA and histopat scoring was analyzed using
Kruskall-Wallis test. On sporozoite inoculation step after serum injection, level of
clinical signs such as appetite, weakness, and diarrhea was negative on P1,P2,P3
groups. Passive immunity of P2 and P3 was relatively equal resistance. In P1 the
resistance level given by passive immunity was the best compared to P2 and P3 so
P1 was number of sporozoite dose in E.tenella which the most effectively affected
the passive immunity level in broiler chickens infected with coccidiosis with
2x104 dose of E.tenella sporozoite.


This study investigates inequality and inequity in pharmaceutical utilization in Ontario. First, I compare inequality and inequity in drug use between the senior and non-senior population of Ontario at three points in time: 1990, 1996/97, and 2000/01. During this period, all seniors were universally covered by the publicly financed Ontario Drug Benefit (ODB) program. This was not the case for the non-senior population. Second, I examine the changes in inequality and inequity for both population groups at each of the three time points. Cost-sharing and other changes were introduced into the ODB in this period, which allows us to identify the influence on equity of changes in drug coverage policies.


Homogeneous precipitation of yttrium carrier as the 8-hydroxyquinolinate has been used for the isolation and purification of yttrium-90 after the separation of the parent strontium-90 from biological materials. The technique has been compared with the generally used method of separating by hydroxide and oxalate precipitations and estimating the recovery by weighing as the oxide. The two methods are of similar accuracy but the new procedure is more direct and simple. Satisfactory decontamination from radioactive strontium is obtained by a single precipitation. The 8-hydroxyquinolinate can be weighed directly for the measurement of chemical yield, and it has a more favourable gravimetric factor than yttrium oxide.


The aim of this study is to determine whether the critical thinking levels of high school students differ in respect of several variables. In accordance with this aim, questions such as what the level of critical thinking in students is ; whether it varies in relation to gender, education level of parents, academic success. The study follows 'survey' model. The study group of the survey consists of 345 randomly chosen preparation class, first grade and third grade students of a randomly chosen high school in 2016-2017 education year. In this study, the 'Critical Thinking Scale' with 30 items developed by Özdemir (2005) as well as the 'Personal Information Form' developed by the researcher is used to collect data. The data obtained as a result of the application were transferred to computer environment, and analysed with SPSS 22 package programme. In the analysis of the data, Independent Groups T test and One-way ANOVA were * Öğrt, Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı, Hatay, Türkiye, firstname.lastname@example.com, Orcid id: 0000-0001-7144-8476 Scientific Educational Studies Bilimsel Eğitim Araştırmaları http://dergipark.gov.tr/ses Received: 18/11/2018 Accepted: 08/12/2018 DOI: 10.31798/ses.484691


The paper aims to figure out What are environment impacts and composition - biotoxic activity in natural hydrocarbon raw materials and processed products. By using descriptive method for primary model, synthesis methods and process analysis and analysis of difficulties and discussion, The study of this problem point that, to assess the environmental impact of hydrocarbons on the biosphere, an accurate knowledge of the physical properties and chemical composition of oil and gas. Numerous tragic examples of accidents, such as those associated with a leak hydrogen sulfide gases. Hydrogen sulfide, due to its higher density relative to air settles in the lowlands of the relief, accumulating in calm weather in concentrations up to lethal. This leads to the death of animals and the death of people. The latter could be avoid by going to elevated windward areas, i.e., knowing the physical properties of this toxic gas.


Background. Capoeta pestai (Pietschmann, 1933) is commercially important fi sh species in Turkey. The knowledge of the biology of this species is very scarce. This species has a 'critically endangered' status on the IUCN Red List. The objective of this study was to determine the age and growth rates of C. pestai, and to evaluate whether otolith morphometrics could be used as an age predictor. Material and methods. Fish were collected from a small river entering Lake Eğirdir between January and December 2012. Fish samples were obtained from shallow parts of the river (30–40 cm depth) seasonally in a single station by using an electrofi shing devise. Results. Annual growth increments were counted on the otoliths of 154 specimens, ranging from 6.2 to 26.8 cm total lengths. Estimated ages ranged from 0+ to 7+ years old. The von Bertalanffy growth curve was fi tted to the age/total length data as follows: L∞ = 47.83 cm (TL), K = 0.081, t0 = –1.840, for females; L∞ = 41.25 cm (TL), K = 0.086, t0 = –1.99 for males; L∞ = 52.45 cm (TL), K = 0.067, t0 = –1.84 for all specimens. No signifi cant differences in morphometric measures (length, width, and mass) were found between left and right otoliths (paired t-test, P > 0.05). Otolith length and width showed signifi cant linear relations with the total length while otolith mass represented by power model. Conclusion. This study provides the fi rst information on age, growth and otolith morphometric parameters of C. pestai. In addition, otolith morphometric measurements could possibly be used in future as an age predictor for C. pestai.


The present paper introduces a three variables analogue of Lagranges Polynomials and gives certain results involving these polynomials and the four Appell's functions F1 , F2, F3 and F4.


New developments in molecular twins and laser markers offer some degree of hope to the personal care and cosmetics industries and their packaging colleagues


I will describe the development and application of all‐atom and coarse‐grained models for the investigation of disease protein aggregation for the Alzheimer's Aβ systems, in which we show how the aggregate equilibrium, formation kinetics, and structural ensembles depend on sequences ad structure of the monomeric peptide. We discuss the implications of our results in regards to interpretation of NMR observables and the kinetics of fibril assembly using chromatography and dye‐binding experiments.


Purpose – Since Masaaki Imai coined the term Kaizen in the mid 1980s it has been regarded as a key element in the competitiveness of Japanese companies. However, even though Kaizen was defined by the author who created the term, writings by scholars and practitioners in the field exhibit a certain degree of ambiguity and inconsistency. Finally, there is a clear need to develop this theory in the field of operations management. The purpose of this paper is to analyse Kaizen in the academic and practitioner literature, in order to better understand it and further explore and contribute to its potential theoretical profile.Design/methodology/approach – A literature review was carried out using Kaizen as a search term. Various databases were used for this purpose and books written by both scholars and by practitioners on the subject were also consulted. The literature concerning Kaizen was methodically analysed and categorised.Findings – The findings of the study indicate that Kaizen is presently displayed un...


The clolr character has been used widly in the content-based image retrieval.This paper presents amethod to monitor the strip steel's quality through extracting the information of color, texture and morphlogy chatacter. With emphasis on using the knowledge about colorimetry,the paper also compares and analyzes the charactetitics,inplemetation method,results of several typical color retrieval methods.


One of the major addresses in American history, Frederick Douglass's "What to A Slave is the Fourth of July?" casts light on many interesting theoretical questions: Can there be complex purposes for a single speech? When can a speaker successfully "violate" audience expectations? Further, can identification of a discourse as of a particular "genre" lead to critical confusion or become counter-productive in the analysis of the text? Just how much does the rhetorical situation determine the strategy, purpose, and outcome of a speech? I shall show through a close analysis of the text that Frederick Douglass relied heavily on a strategy that has come to be known as attention-shifting in his speech at Rochester, New York, on July 5, 1852. In what follows I shall explain the theoretical formulation of the attention-shift, briefly discuss the rhetorical situation, and then present an exposition of the speech. My conclusion offers some speculative remarks on the speech strategy and on the appeals used. The concept of "attention-switch," as described by William Brown, involves the author turning the attention of an audience from one specific issue or belief to ideas that subsume the original issues.' Brown reminds us that three conditions must be present for such a concept to occur: (1) two patterns must always be potentially involved in our sizing up a situation; (2) each pattern itself must be capable of rendering the situation coherently; and (3) movement from one to the other occurs, with a consequent reconstituting of the situation.2 My adaptation of these ideas also incorporates Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca's insights on dissociative arguments. Douglass delivered his speech on Monday, July 5, 1852. Since Independence Day fell on Sunday, many July 4 celebrations were held on the following day. Frederick Douglass, a former slave who had become a renowned orator within the anti-slavery movement,3 had made Rochester his home base since 1847, and he had delivered addresses in Corinthian Hall many times before. Less than eighteen months earlier Douglass had given a series of lectures there on slavery. Moreover, Rochester was where Douglass published his newspaper, The North Star. So the city had had many opportunities to know the anti-slavery cause. However, Douglass may have been concerned that his audience did not fully believe the extent of slavery or the plight of slaves. We learn, in those earlier lectures of 1850-51, that Douglass himself had been skeptical about widespread sympathy for the antislavery cause:


Pantograph slide abrasion is one of the key factors that affect urban rail transit vehicles current-collecting quality. In order to measure the abrasion value of pantograph slide in real time, an online-image detecting method was proposed in this paper based on a vehicle-mounted panoramic camera. First, the image preprocessing methods which include enhancement, horizontal correction and morphological processing were performed on pantograph slide in images. Then, a denoising method with wavelet transform and an adaptive threshold method with the Canny operator were used to detect the slide edge. After optimizing the bi-directional edge-growth method based on image gradient, the upper and lower edge of the pantograph slide was extracted by reduplicative detection. Finally, the slide's thickness and abrasion value could be got from the calculation of edges curve. Verified by online operation videos of TSG18G pantograph, results show that the detection method proposed in this paper can run fast enough to meet the requirement of real-time detection under the premise of boosting the accuracy of monitoring slide wear mutation.


A wideband 9 GHz LC-VCO with tail current source array based on TSMC 0.18-μm RF CMOS process is presented in this paper. After discussing the start-up conditions, the structure of tail current source array is utilized to lower the power consumption in high frequency bands and guarantee start-up at low frequency bands. Furthermore, to extend the frequency range, a 4-bit switched capacitor array is used. Based on our analysis, a NMOS cross-coupled VCO with 4-bit PMOS tail current source array is implemented. Post-simulation results show that the tuning range is from 6.372GHz to 9.154GHz and the phase noise at 1MHz offset is less than-110dBc/Hz in the entire tuning range. The operating current of the VCO core is from 8.24mA to 13.362mA in the entire tuning range under 1.8V supply voltage. And the area of the proposed VCO is 1177.775μm × 577.54μm, with two buffer stages and pads.


The in vivo evaluation of the effectiveness of pests leaves Newbouldia laevis (Bignoniaceae) was tested on gastrointestinal strongyles of Djallonke infested lambs naturally or artificially with larvae of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. In a controlled environment, the trial involved 15 lambs artificially infected and naturally infected some 14 was treated with the powder of N. laevis (1.6 g / kg BW). The parasitic balance sheet revealed that N. laevis limited larval Trichostrongylus installation colubriformis (P = 0.01), whereas it had no effect on the larvae of H. contortus after artificial infestation. Following natural infection, this plant has limited (P = 0.08) to the population of H. contortus adults was reduced by 55% in abomasum the experimental animals; this reduction is only 19% on the viability of adult worms of T. colubriformis (P> 0.05). However, N. laevis did not affect prolificacy to H. contortus females; but it has reduced by 11% T. colubriformis. Uncontrolled environment in a first trial, 16 animals were treated with 2 doses (3.2 or 4.8 g / kg BW) of dry powdered leaves. In a second test, the fresh leaves of N. laevis were proposed ad libitum consumption three times a week for 45 days. The results show that leaves N. laevis significantly reduced (P <0.05) excretion of gastrointestinal strongyles eggs (80-90%) in Djallonke lambs naturally infected regardless of the dose.


At the turn of the XX XXI century, along with total informatization and digitalization, the emergence of a new field of knowledge in the field of education takes place. The purpose of this publication is the study and analysis of technologies already being introduced in Russia, and forecasting their further development. The article contains a brief analysis of the prospects and directions for the development of interdisciplinary connections in the field of neurocognitive sciences, contributing to the development of the digital economy. The task, based on the analysis done, is to assess the dynamics and quality of the integration processes. Besides, to assess the degree of their influence on the development of the digital economy in Russia. Today, this is the targeted and most active interpenetration of various sciences to study in greater depth the cognitive abilities of a person. On their basis, new interdisciplinary communication. Now in the field of pedagogy and neurophysiology, a whole cluster is being formed, aimed at the development of neuroscience, studying the mechanisms of constructing knowledge in the human head and the effectiveness of perception of educational information, which directly relates to research in the field of cognitive development. On this basis, the basic principles of neuro formation are built. In support of this progressive movement, there is a process of technological development of neural interfaces and technologies of virtual and augmented reality in training. Moreover, this is the development of educational programs and devices for neuroethologies and not only. Already there are technical capabilities that allow the process of education using a neural helmet, virtual, and augmented reality. There are an active introduction and use of neurocomputer interfaces in education, as well as elements of hybrid intelligence in research and training. The system of training, including the formation of educational content, is becoming more autonomous, eliminating the influence of the human factor on assessment and decision-making. Is it good?! Here is a question that requires serious study...


Abstract Benzene-disulfonylchlorides were converted to the corresponding dialkyl-and diphenylesters, N-alkyl-and N-aryl disulfonamides. The half-wave-potentials E1/2 1 and E1/2 2 were measured and the products obtained on potentiostatic fission at E1/2 1 were isolated and characterized. The electroreduction of benzene-1,4-disulfonic acid-diphenylester in methanol yields phenol in a quantity approximately corresponding to the current passed, but no corresponding quantity of sulfinic acid. In dry acetonitrile, benzene-1,4-disulfonic acid diesters and diamides undergo potentiostatic fission (at E1/2 1) in good chemical and current yields, giving the corresponding monosulfonate-sulfinic acid or monosulfonamide-sulfinic acid and alcohol or amine. The passage of further electrical current reduces the sulfinic acids to other, as yet undetermined, products. Ausgehend von den Benzoldisulfonsauredichloriden werden die entsprechenden Dialkyl-und Diphenylester sowie Alkyl-und Aryldisulfonsaurediamide hergestellt. Die...


Chronicles the history of the iron-hulled paddle steamer (along with her sister 'Koheroa') designed to assist with the invasion of the Waikato in 1863. Includes a physical description and what remains of her fabric.


Objective:To explore influence of fluvastatin on levels of plasma interleukin-6(IL-6)and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in patients with acute coronary synclrome(ACS).Methods:Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to measure plasma levels of IL-6and MCP-1in 70ACS patients before and after taking fluvastatin.Another 40patients with normal coronary angiography results were regard as normal control group.Results:Before treatment,plasma levels of IL-6[(24.13±6.24)ng/ml]and MCP-1[(18.95± 4.53)pg/L]in ACS group were significantly higher than those of normal control group[(18.97±5.67)ng/ml,(14.35±4.28)pg/L],P0.01both;after taking fluvastatin four weeks,there were significant decrease in levels of plasma IL-6(18.97±5.67)ng/ml and MCP-1(14.85±4.38)pg/L in ACS group,P0.01both.Conclusion:Levels of plasma interleukin-6and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1increase in ACS patients,suggesting that ACS related with inflammatory reaction.Fluvastatin can significantly decrease levels of plasma interleukin-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1in patients with acute coronary syndrome.


SALMONELLA SER TYPHI INFECTIONS ARE WIDELY RECognized as a major cause of morbidity globally, with an estimated 21 million cases and between 200 000 and 600 000 deaths annually. The divergent estimates likely represent differences in methods used for assessing age-specific burden of typhoid and attributable mortality. In some parts of the world, notably South Asia, young children represent a subgroup with the highest burden of typhoid and also may have disproportionately high rates of morbidity and complications. The report by Lynch et al in this issue of JAMA summarizes current knowledge about cases of typhoid fever in the United States and highlights the role of international travel, the need for broader immunization practices, and concerns regarding increases in antibacterial resistance. In addition to the disease burden and mortality, emergence of drug resistance among S Typhi and Salmonella ser Paratyphi, which causes a clinically indistinguishable infection, over the last few decades poses major challenges. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the emergence of S Typhi isolates resistant to first-line drugs including oral amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole, so-called multidrug-resistant S Typhi (MDRST), was associated with significantly higher rates of complications and mortality. The availability of generic fluoroquinolones, which initially had preserved activity, in many parts of the world permitted a treatment option in primary care settings, and this group of antibiotics soon became the standard of care for typhoid among older children and adults. The emergence of nalidixic acid–resistant S Typhi (NARST) isolates from parts of South and Southeast Asia, followed by clinical and laboratory fluoroquinolone resistance, has now created a specter of highly resistant strains of S Typhi that require treatment with a diminishing range of alternative antibiotics. Similarly, there has been an increasing emergence of infection with strains of S Paratyphi group A that have resistance to nalidixic acid, coupled with either decreased sensitivity or, in some cases, clinical resistance to fluoroquinolones. Such infections have occurred in several countries in South and Southeast Asia, and, as with MDRST, there has been the inevitable spread to developed countries as a result of transcontinental travel. The article by Lynch and colleagues underscores the importance of travel in the global spread of S Typhi and, in particular, NARST isolates. From 1999 to 2006, less than one-third of confirmed S Typhi infections reported to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were sensitive to first-line antibiotics. Almost two-thirds of infected individuals had traveled to South or Southeast Asia and 21% of infections were indigenously acquired, either from a carrier (17%) or during a local outbreak (21%). Similar findings have been reported from the United Kingdom, emphasizing that in an era of frequent transcontinental travel, all countries are at risk of infection with superresistant S Typhi organisms. The implications of these findings for global strategies for the prevention and control of typhoid are substantial for both developed and developing countries. Public health authorities and treating clinicians in developed countries must be alert to the possibility of drug-resistant typhoid, particularly among patients who have had international travel recently. In addition, guidelines for empirical therapy of suspected typhoid must be adjusted to account for infection with a resistant strain. For developing countries, the current situation also offers an opportunity for defining rational drug therapy of infection with both resistant and sensitive strains of typhoid. Many isolates of S Typhi (even NARST strains) remain sensitive to first-line antibiotics such as chloramphenicol and amoxicillin, and these agents may be reasonable alternatives for treatment of infection with sensitive S Typhi isolates. A recent meta-analysis of treatment trials for typhoid suggests that among sensitive cases of typhoid, cure rates with oral first-line agents may be comparable with fluoroquinolones. The current situation also offers an opportunity to evaluate alternative regimens and combination therapies for treatment of drug-resistant typhoid. For example, treatment with antimicrobials such as third-


The project that we report here provided free home computers and a one-year broadband subscription to a sample of 108 older people diagnosed with coronary heart disease. The sample was divided at random and the experimental group had 'facilitated learning', based on access to a dedicated website, while controls did not. The results suggest that many participants needed to overcome their fear of new technology before they could learn how to use it effectively. Significant differences in computer skills were found between the experimental and control groups after six months of being involved in the project.


By using of ELISA examination ofantibody response against rabies virus in 285 sera samples before vaccination or from healthy persons and 742 samples from vaccinates who had finished the completed vaccination with the different rabies vaccines including aG, CaG, PM and CTN strains. The antibody positive rates in reaction with CTN strain antigen to the immunizations by all kinds of vaccines are higher than 90%, while those with aG strain antigen to the immunizations by other kinds of vaccines excluding aG strain are about 50%, and the correlation between SNT and CTN strain antigen is better than that of aG strain antigen. A distinct antigen reactivity difference exists between aG and CTN strains.It may get a satisfactory result in detection serum antibody response from vaccinates by selecting a single CTN strain with high purity and good activity or mixing CTN and aG strain at a proper proportion used as ELISA antigens.


The industry group is one of the important characteristics of the industry organization development nowadays,it not only constitute the basic space frame of the economy of the world nowadays,but also is usually the competition ability place of a nation or regions,as a result make it become promote the industry competition ability an inevitable trend.Study the medicine industry group of competition abilities from the angle that the medicine industry gathered the cluster,pass the fixed amount research,look for to affect the key factor that the medicine industry gathers a group of competition abilities,discover that the medicine industry gathers the advantage and shortages of the cluster,to promote the district competition ability.


High-valent metal oxides such as LiCoO2 and related materials are of increasing environmental concern due to the large-scale use in lithium-ion batteries and potential for metal ion release into aqueous...


The false alarm probability of a novel signal detection approach based on a two-channel interferometer is derived. The normalized detection threshold is computed using the golden section search algorithm.


The article "Under-Utilisation of Foreign Aid in India: An Issue of Concern" is an endeavour to highlight the fact that foreign aid in India, obtained with lot of difficulties, has shown a fluctuating trend in its utilisation and remained most of the times under-utilised. Consequently, a huge sum of authorised aid amounting Rs. 75586.55 crore up to the end-March 2006 remained unutilised, due to the various undue, unnecessary and inordinate delays like: under-provisioning, lack of commitment and coordination on the part of implementing agencies, inadequate counterpart rupee funding, protracted procurement and contracting delays, start up, and other procedural delays etc., in the implementation of externally aided projects in the country. It could have relived 13.54 percent of India's total external debt amounting Rs. 5, 58,372 crore during the same period or have helped to achieve the Millennium Development Goals in the country to some extent, if it has been fully utilised, besides saving the commitment charges paid for the un-utilised loans.


The Acousto-Optical Tunable Filter (AOTF) is an electronically tunable optical filter based on Acousto-optic effect and has its own special compared with other dispersive parts. Because its characteristics of electronic tunable spectral selection, rapid response and simple structure, imaging spectrometer based on AOTF is a useful high-spectral technology, especially in deep space exploration applications. This paper introduces two imaging spectrometers, a VIS-NIR Imaging Spectrometer (VNIS) built as a payload instrument for lunar detection and a whiskbroom imaging spectrometer (WIS) with programmable spectral sampling. VNIS provides programmable spectral selection from 0.45 to 2.4 μm and includes two channels, a V-NIR hyper-spectral imager (0.45 to 0.95μm) and a SWIR spectrograph (0.9 to 2.4μm), with a spectral overlap of 0.05μm. WIS is a kind of scanning, spectral programmable imaging spectrometer, includes a scanning mechanism and a programmable spectral selection spectrometer. In the end, the prospects in deep-space exploration application are discussed.


󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏 Lower gastrointestinal bleeding can be caused by various etiologies including hemorrhoids, diverticulitis, neoplasms, and ulcerative colitis. However, a rectal ulcer is rarely caused by lower gastrointestinal bleeding, and an anorectal foreign body is a very rare cause of a rectal ulcer. We report the case of a 48-year-old male patient who presented to the emergency department with massive hematochezia and hypovolemic shock that occurred 5 days after inserting garlic into the rectum for treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia. Res 2012;10:206-209)


Combining ability and genetic ability of eight agronomy characters were analysis in sixteen combination by using four double-low male-sterile lines with good integrated characters as famale, four good restorers developed through different methods as male, and a cross model of p×q was used in test. The results showed that 212A was a sterile line with the highest general combining ability. 116C was a desirable restorer with higher general combining ability and outstanding characters. The 212A×116C was the best combination.


We wanted to extend the ray tracing method to allow for the inclusion of portals, which would allow scenes that simultaneously depict multiple viewpoints within the scene. In doing this, we endeavored to define how these portals would intuitively work and achieve a faithful representation of that in the rendering. This would enable new possibilities in ray traced scene creation that would that otherwise be unavailable. For example, it would allow for an object to be shown from multiple angles while still retaining spatial relationships, an effect that would not be achievable simply with mirrors. This could then be applied to architectural or artistic modeling, in which such spatial relations could be important.


In this paper, we present a simple laboratory project for teaching real-time sampling rate conversions of digital signals using low-cost digital signal processors. Usually, the topic of the sampling rate conversion is discussed in the second digital signal processing (DSP) course in undergraduate programs of engineering technology. The paper deals with a situation for teaching sampling rate conversions when the different sampling rates of analog to digital conversion (ADC) and digital to analog conversion (DAC) cannot be flexibly set during real-time processing. To overcome this barrier, we employ a compromised way in which we first request students to store audio segments sampled at different sampling rates in the processor memory and let students implement their designed DSP algorithm to covert each pre-sampled audio segment to produce an output at the DAC sampling rate. The method could be applied as an alternative when the sampling rates for ADC and DAC devices in the DSP system cannot be freely changed for sampling rate conversions.


PURPOSE: Provided is a process for permanently reshaping keratin fibers, for example, hair. The process may be used, for example, in professional hairstyling salons, or privately via the marketing of kits. CONSTITUTION: A process for permanently reshaping keratin fibers, comprises: (i) applying a reducing composition to the keratin fibers; and (ii) oxidizing the keratin fibers, wherein the process further comprises applying to the keratin fibers, before (i) and/or after (ii), a pre-treatment and/or post-treatment cosmetic composition comprising, in a cosmetically acceptable medium, at least one aminosilicone comprising at least one aminoethylimino(C4-C8)alkyl group.


The phase behavior and rheological properties of NP-10 in 0.02 mol/L aqueous NaNO_3 solution were investigated.It was demonstrated that micelle,hexagonal,cubic,and lamellar liquid crystals and inverse micelle were formed successively in the same system as the mass fraction of NP-10 increased.The rheological properties of hexagonal and cubic liquid crystals are illustrated by Maxwell model,and the property of lamellar mesophase is explained by an empirical formula which has been validated in other cases.


We successfully demonstrate all-monolithic InAlGaAs/InP vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) in the wavelength range of 1.55 µm. The devices showed the high performances such as single mode output power of 1.6 mW, side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 60 dB, divergence angle of 8°, the slope efficiency of 0.27 W/A, and the continuous wave (CW) operation of temperature over 80°C. We achieved the modulation bandwidth exceeding 2.5 Gbps and power penalty free transmission over 30 km.


The paper describes a fuzzy perception based guidance of an autonomous ground vehicle. The technique proposed uses a visual servoing approach in which the control incorporates directly the visual feedback. The application involves guiding the vehicle through roadways by detecting the road edges from the image space. The vehicle and the scene models are established from the system behavior and the visually perceived features. The method is based on the fuzzy perception of the road edges from the gradient orientation image. In our work, the problem of road edge detection is viewed as a phenomena of perceiving gradient direction levels and then tracing the locus of the vectors which correspond to dominant linear features. In order to reinforce the detection process, the edge perception operator is formulated as a membership function applied on the gradient orientation image in the intensity domain. With this fusion process, the conventional number of edge levels are found to be reduced to minimum since the edge information obtained from the gradient direction image is complementary in the perception domain. The results obtained show the feasibility of the approach and the performances of the algorithm in a simulation of a real outdoor vehicle.


variable. Paralysis of the flexors of the foot (foot drop) is relatively common and sensory findings may range from complete loss to almost normal I . The symptoms can start before, during or after delivery, and the paralysis may occur on the same side or on the opposite side to that occupied by the greatest diameter of the fetal skull-, Though postpartum foot drop has been observed without any known predisposing factors, the common predisposing factors are: small maternal size, large fetus, midforceps rotation and fetal malposition", Treatment is conservative, and the prognosis is usually good1-5. In developing countries where obstructed labour is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality, information on the incidence of postpartum foot drop is virtually non-existent. This report describes four cases seen at the Jimma Institute of Medical Sciences in Jimma, Ethiopia, over a period of 3 months. References


Test of resistance of some varieties and the influence of planting distance on leaf rust (Puccinia polysora Underw.) on lowland. The aim of the research was to know the resistance of some varieties of corn (Zea mays L.) and the influence of planting distance on leaf rust (Puccinia polysora) on lowland. The research was conducted at Tanjung Selamat village, Medan. The research used Cluster Random Design of 2 factorials with 9 treatments and 3 repetitions. The results of the research showed that the varieties of BISI 13 were resistant to leaf rust of corn. The optimal treatment of planting distance for the attack of corn leaf rust was 70 x 25 centimeters. The appropriate treatment of varieties and planting distance for the corn leaf rust attack was on V3J3 treatment (BISI 13 with the planting distance of 70 x 25 centimeters). The highest corn production of the varieties of BISI 13 was 6.3 tons/ha. The highest corn production of the planting distance treatment of 70 x 25 centimeters was 5.58 tons/ha. The highest corn production in the interaction treatment of BISI 13 with the planting distance of 70 x 25 centimeters was 7.54 tons/ha. Keywords: varieties of corn, planting distance, P. polysora, leaf rust, resistant varieties


A 96 multicarrier 16QAM transmitter and a diversity receiver for 3.072 Mbit/s data transmission are described. Pilot symbol aided (PSA) coherent detection is applied. A laboratory experiment demonstrates that an irreducible bit error rate (BER) of 10/sup -3/ can be achieved at the RMS delay spread /spl tau//sub rms/=6.3 /spl mu/s under frequency selective Rayleigh fading when two branch maximal ratio combining (MRC) diversity is used.


A strain Dspro004 producing cold-adapted lipase was isolated from the deep sea sediment.In order to obtain the high-yield lipase strain,the stain Dspro004 was treated by UV-treatment.One positive mutation,UM3,was obtained when the lethality rate was 81% mutagen dosage.The lipase activity of UM3 was increased to 2540~2710 U/mg,with about 34~39% more than the starting strain.The optimal temperature and pH for the activity of UM3 were 30℃and 8.5,respectively.The residual activity of UM3 were higher than 70% after 12 h incubation at temperatures below 30℃,or pH 7~8.The results showed that the UM3 lipase has better thermo-stability and pH-stability.


Paper prepared for presentation at the annual meeting of the Population Association of America, Boston, April 2004. Support for this project has been provided by the Spencer Foundation's Major Grants Program and by the University of Minnesota's Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program. We are also very grateful to Christopher Uggen, Dean Lillard, and Jennifer C. Lee for their helpful advice and feedback. However, errors and omissions are the responsibility of the authors. Please direct correspondence to John Robert Warren, Department of Sociology, University of Minnesota, 909 Social Sciences, 267 ~ 19 Ave. South, Minneapolis, MN 55455 or email firstname.lastname@example.com High School Exit Examinations and State-Level Completion and GED Rates, 1973-2000


The circadium rhythm of pollinating wasps [Wiebesia pumilae (Hill) Wieb.] of Ficus awkeotsang Makino was studied by using single syconium bagging method.The effects of light, temperature and humidity on the rhythm of wasps were investigated.The results showed that most of the first flying wasps out of syconium occurred in morning.The whole process of wasps flying out of a syconium took 3~4 days.The peak of wasps flying out was from 8∶00 to 9∶00 am.In wasps flying out phase, the temperature range was 20~30℃, and the humidity range was 72%~96%.Light was the main factor affecting the rhythm of wasps flying out of syconium, temperature and humidity had a certain impact on flying out rhythm.The number of wasps flying out of syconium in first season was slightly higher than that in the second season, while the time of first wasps flying out of syconium and the peak of wasps flying out per day in the second season were earlier than that in the first season.


On 3rd February 2011 Advocate General, Professor Juliane Kokott, gave her much awaited opinion in FAPL v. QC Leisure YouTube and Karen Murphy v. Media Protection Services Ltd (Joined Cases C-403/08 and C-429/08). She gave her interpretation of 'communication to the public' under Article 3(1) of the Info Society Directive and concluded that the showing of live Premier League matches in pubs does not amount to such communication.


The Campus Teaching Program was formally established as a part of the Course Development Division of the Office of Instructional Resources, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, in 1976. It was set up to provide training programs in teaching skills for graduate teaching assistants (TAs) — programs which might be requested by any University department, or in some cases by individual TAs. Initially staffed by a single half-time graduate assistant, it has steadily grown and will soon employ three full-time educational specialists. The role of the Program has also expanded somewhat, with a number of faculty members availing themselves of the Program's services each year.


This comment analyzes the state of international interventions that are often couched in terms of protecting humanity, specifically the civilian population of a state.2 In many instances, interventions are undertaken as a result of internal conflict, which is generally the impetus for regime change. The global community is concerned not only about intervention but also failure to intervene, which often leads to critiques about the underlying rationale and effects of either decision. These concerns are couched under various rubrics, but the "rule of law" is often cited as a guiding light that determines the rights and duties based on: customary international law, treaty law, jus cogens3 concepts, and the evolving nature of international law.4 The questions often come to, are we our brothers' and sisters' keepers?5 The legal and moral bases for intervention are inherently part of


The San Luis Valley, a sizable intermontane basin within the Colorado Rockies, is the ranking agriculture area within the Rocky Mountains. Yet it suffers the economic stagnation so typical of much of the rural American West. The paper examines the causes. The writer has known this area, where he spent much of his youth, for 56 years. Recurrently he has returned (most recently in July 1981), including four summers of teaching at the local state college.Alamosa, the central place of the San Luis Valley, has suffered less economically than other towns in the area. But despite the college and county government, Alamosa is experiencing the quasi-stagnation that typifies many smaller American cities apart from metropolitan areas. The writer believes that Alamosa provides a good example of social and economic conditions not always recognized by geographers and others.


Approved: ________________________________________ Thesis Supervisor ________________________________________ Title and Department ________________________________________ Date 1 PERCEIVED ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND POLICY INFLUENCES ON PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN RURAL MIDWESTERN ADULTS by Matthew Scott Chrisman A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in Community and Behavioral Health in the Graduate College of The University of Iowa


The ceramic marerial of barium titanate (BT) was synthesized by a sol-gel method. The mircrostructure and morphology of the powders were characterized by IR, XRD and TEM. The dielectric constant and permeability of the mixture of BT powders and paraffin wax were measured. The microwave absorbing performance of BT powder and epoxide (EP) resin composite was studied in the frequency range of 8-18GHz. The results show that the BT powder exists in the form of tetragonal phase with the size in the range of 30-40nm. The BT/EP composite exhibits good microwave absorbing performance in the frequency range of 8-18GHz, when the content of BaTiO3 is 20vol%, the performance is the best. The microwave absorption mechanism of BaTiO3 powders is mainly due to the dielectric relaxation. The BT powder will be a good candidate for microwave absorbing materials.


Swedish courts, and particularly the Supreme Court (Hogsta Domstolen), seldom find the opportunity to opine on the issue of aforeign state's immunity from suit. One such uncommon occasion arose in December 1999 when the Supreme Court, on grounds of immunity from suit, affirmed the dismissal of an action brought by the Local Authority of Vasteras (Local Authority)—one of Sweden's 289 town districts—against the Republic of Iceland for monies due under a contract. The origin of the dispute is a contract (Contract) dated December 1, 1992, between the Icelandic Ministry of Education and Culture (Icelandic Ministry) and the Local Authority, which is responsible for schools in the Swedish town district of Vasteras. According to Article 3 of the Contract, the Local Authority undertakes to give flight-technician education to Icelandic students and to examine them at the end of their studies. The Icelandic Ministry agrees, according to the same article, to "defray any possible costs of educating Icelandic students that are not covered by the Swedish government according to the Agreement between the Nordic countries concerning education at the upper-secondary-school level." Article 7 of the Contract provides that disputes concerning the implementation of the Contract will be settled according to Swedish law. The agreement referred to in the Contract is the Agreement on a Nordic Common Education at the Upper Secondary School Level (1992 Agreement) , which had been signed by


A chemically enhanced mechanism of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was investigated using a series of metal-charge-transfer (CT) complex systems fabricated by a self-assembly method. The developed Ag/4-mercaptophenols (MPH)/n-TiO2 system presented layer number-dependent SERS spectra. By using the electron density values of the Ag13/MPH and Ag13/MPH/TiO2 system calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) and by using these values in combination with the results of our previous investigations on the mechanism of the Ag/MPH/TiO2 system, the absorption threshold of the CT complexes was clearly defined. The degree of CT was selected to study the layer number-dependent SERS spectra. Based on the layer number-dependent SERS data, it has been inferred that the degree of CT represents a resonance phenomenon. In addition, the CT resonance occurs at higher energy in the Ag/MPH/n-TiO2 system than in the monolayer TiO2 system owing to the blue-shift of CT states with the continuous introduction of Ti...


We have achieved the first series of DAAQ-based building blocks, viz., n-TIPS-DAAQs (n = 1–4), and unraveled a rational design of their π-extension. Sequentially increasing numbers (n) of the exocyclic π-linkers showed (a) a systematic bathochromic shift in both absorption and emission spectra, (b) selective stabilization of the lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), and (c) unselective changes in the S0/S1 states. To our surprise, the LUMO level of 4-TIPS-DAAQ (−3.72 eV) was found to be comparable to that of PC60BM.


The nanomaterials based transformer oil can be considered as next-generation insulation fluids because they offer exciting new possibilities to enhance dielectric breakdown voltage as well as heat transfer performance compared to pure transformer oils. Transformer oil (TOL) is a liquid dielectric which acts as an insulating medium as well as coolant. A colloidal mixture of nano-sized particles in base fluid is called nanofluids. Nanofluids are prepared by mixing the nanomaterials for different volume concentrations with TOL as base fluid. Nanofluids are significant potential heat transfer fluids with enhanced thermo physical properties can be applied in many devices for better performances. Nanofluids play an important role in cooling of transformer oil, engine cooling, in nuclear reactor, defense and space. Our effort focused on increasing dielectric breakdown voltage of transformer oil-based nanofluids with different volume concentrations of nanoparticles.


Man resourse is the most active and special element in production. The stimulation and control of it is a very complicated problem. The article probes in the theories and methods of setting up the stimulating system of man resourse through the investigation.


The status of the clinical research budget for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) will remain unknown until the complete Federal budget is agreed upon by the Congress and the President. Seven of the current thirty-five sites of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG), operated by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), will be phased out over the next year. The seven sites to be cut are: Yale University (CT), Georgetown University (DC), Albany Medical College (NY), Albert Einstein School of Medicine (NY), Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center (NY), SUNY/Brooklyn (NY), and Meharry Medical College (Nashville, TN). Clinical trials will continue to be funded by NIH only if the patient data is required, otherwise patients will be referred to other clinical research centers.


The activity patterns of many sports are intermittent in nature,consisting of repeated bouts of brief(≤6s)maximal interspersed with relatively long(≤60s)moderate/low-intensity recovery periods.Although this is a general description of the complex activity patterns experienced in such events,it currently provides the best means of directly assessing the physiological response to this type of exercise.During a single short(5-6s)sprint,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)is resynthesised predominantly from anaerobic sources(phosphocreatine)[PCr] degradation and glycolysis),with a small(10%)contribution from aerobic metabolism.During recovery,oxygen uptake(VO2)remains elevated to restore homeostasis.


We have connected viscoelastic recovery (healing) in sliding wear to free volume in polymers by using pressure-volume-temperature (P-V-T) results and the Hartmann equation of state. A linear relationship was found for all polymers studied with a wide variety of chemical structures, except for polystyrene (PS). Examination of the effect of the indenter force level applied in sliding wear on the healing shows that recovery is practically independent of that level. Strain hardening in sliding wear was observed for all materials except PS, the exception attributed to brittleness. Therefore, we have formulated a quantitative definition of brittleness in terms of elongation at break and storage modulus. Further, we provide a formula relating the brittleness to sliding wear recovery; the formula is obeyed with high accuracy by all materials including PS. High recovery values correspond to low brittleness, and vice versa. Our definition of brittleness can be used as a design criterion for choosing polymers for specific applications.


The essay is meant to describe the Jaume Fuster Library in Barcelona, conceived by the Catalan architect Josep Llinas, both from the viewpoint of the role it has the urban requalification plan of Placa de Lesseps, Districte de Gracia, and from the viewpoint of the overall library plan intented to redefine the urban library network. Under this framework the main organisational choices and the results of this intervention are outlined.


CHILD BEHAVIOR. By Frances L. Ilg and Louise Bates Ames. New York, Harper and Brothers, 1955. xi, 364 pp. $3.95. This book, in the words of Dr. Arnold Gesell who wrote the foreword, "incorporates and adapts" material from the syndicated newspaper column which has been written by the authors since 1951. Its apparent intent is to provide for parents a helpful guide to child rearing by dealing more specifically with problems than has been done in earlier publications. The "ages and stages" philosophy, while important, is again impressively overemphasized. The authors make some statements about which there is general agreement, for example, that individuality, environment, and developmental phases are all important. The superficiality of their consideration of environmental influences is disappointing, as is the absence of any real evidence that they believe the feelings which flow between parent and child influence development in many important ways. Some of their descriptions of behavior are graphic and their anecdotal material is entertaining. However, their advice in regard to specific situations is so mechanistic as to make no allowance for the individuality of a child and parent. They present no basis for the parents' thinking about the meaning of behavior. They often convey the attitude that all the parent really needs is the hardiness to survive until a smoother "phase" presents itself. To this reviewer their basic philosophy about development is not only a limited but a depressing one. The inevitability, for example, of having one's development and behavior "largely determined" by having been born a mesomorph or an ectomorph, or to feel that there is nothing to do in a difficult period except to wait for the next stage is far from helpful.


ABSTRACT The keto-enol tautomerization of chrysophanol anthrone was systematically investigated via a series of density functional theory computations using the M06-2X/6-31 + G(d,p) level of theory. Bulk solvent effects were taken into account implicitly using the polarisable continuum model and explicitly with one pyridine molecule. Moreover, the tautomeric equilibrium was estimated by calculating the equilibrium constant. The pyridine-assisted tautomerism was found to be the energetically preferred pathway, where the pyridine acts as a proton carrier through a two-step reaction, in which the first one corresponds to the deprotonation of the chrysophanol anthrone and the second step to the protonation yielding the enol form. The results show, in accordance with experimental reports, that in the process of dissociation of the protonated pyridine and the aryloxylate anion, the ion is quite susceptible to oxidation. The highly dipolar structures of the transition states and intermediates are stabilised by pyridine up to 7.0 kcal/mol. The non-covalent interactions stabilising the transition states and the intermediates were analysed. Additionally, an intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the enol form of chrysophanol anthrone and the pyridine is formed at the last stage of the reaction. The keto-enol equilibrium analysis shows that the enol form of chrysophanol anthrone must be present in small amounts in basic solvents.


A number of young people are in school or have gone to school without understanding the purpose of schooling. Research works are ongoing and in daily progression in defining and delineating the difference between schooling and education. Whilst a number of studies have focused on schooling, learning, learning environment and allied themes, there is still a growing concern and few emphatic studies to clear the air on the purpose of schooling. Today, there is a growing desire and crave to get into various cadres of schools in search for degrees and certificates; parents coercing their wards to go to schools, students supposedly not doing well in school and some dropping out of school. On the other hand, we see persons who have gone through various cadres of the four walls, lamenting and agitating for a change in the
schooling system. The associated challenges of under-employment and unemployment is also on the rise. The goal of this study was to carry out a survey to appraise the perceived purpose of schooling from Nigerian students and graduates with in other to educate all learners on its accrued dividends. An open ended structured interview was conducted amongst 100 randomly selected Nigerian students and graduates with a view to evaluate their purpose of going to school. A content analysis was carried out to analyze the qualitative research data by grouping the responses based on thematic issues as presented in charts and word clouds. Findings revealed the meaningful patterns and themes on the reflection of students and graduates on the purpose of schooling, such as: capacity building, education, societal expectation, future aspiration, parental decision and knowledge acquisition. 22% of the respondents revealed that they went to school with the perceived purpose to build capacity in their chosen fields; 18% revealed that they went to school because of their future aspirations; a combination of 16% of respondents went to school because of the societal expectation to go to school and the coercing of parents to do the same. 14% on the other hand went to school just to acquire knowledge; while only the balance 9% of the respondents were conscious of going to school as a platform for their education. The study posits that whilst schooling is for a season, its reason must be defined as early as maturity dawns


Since the development of the first vaccine against influenza virus in 1940s, considerable progress has been made in preventing this devastating disease. Despite of the encouraging advances, influenza vaccine research and development still remain challenging mainly due to the hurdle of antigenic drift and shift of viral immunogens. The current seasonal influenza vaccines need to be reformulated annually and provide only limited protection in the case of mismatch. The reoccurrence of seasonal epidemics and occasional outbreak of pandemics have urged the development of novel influenza vaccines capable of eliciting broad cross-protective immune responses. In this scenario, antigens composed of conserved regions shared among various influenza subtypes have raised great hopes for such vaccines. Delicate antigen design and integrated molecular adjuvants in combination with improved delivery and controlled release strategies present the promising directions towards universal influenza vaccine development. The present review summarizes the recent progress in such endeavors. Influenza matrix protein 2 and stalk domain of the hemagglutinin draw general interests for improved antigen design. Additionally, epitopes that are recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) become attractive targets for antigen design. On the other hand, multiple delivery platforms including virus-like particles, microneedles and nanoclusters could be employed to facilitate the optimization of an affordable universal influenza vaccine.


This paper re-examines the VAR analysis of the price puzzle with regard to the issues of measurement, identification and misspecification. In an empirical analysis conducted for the US economy, we consider alternative measures of economic activity and inflation, alternative assumptions to identify the monetary policy shock and various VAR specifications making use of contemporaneous and forward looking variables. All three issues are found to be important for the resolution of the price puzzle and a robust preferred specification is proposed.


Wood Moisture meter is a vital tool used by wood industries and wood workers to estimate the moisture content of woo d spec ies , especially during wood seaso ning process. Loca lly, this important equipment is very expensi ve and not readily available because it is mainly imported . Knowing the moisture contents of wood ' spec ies would help improve the manufacturers' ability to provide wood products that satisfy custome rs ' needs . Effective determination of moi sture contents of wood products will minimize problems that occur due to dimensional changes; facilitates efficient wood processing operations like mill ing , machining, gluing, laminating, spraying and painting; and prevents deterioration and decay of the wood products. Local wood dealers make use of oven dry method to estimate the moisture contents of wood species. The limitation of this method is that it requires a minimum of 24 hours to determine the moisture contents of wood species . In this study, a digital meter for determining the moisture contents of wood species was designed, developed, calibrated and the performance evaluation undertaken using five commercial wood species commonly found in Nsukka, South East , Nigeria, as test samples. The digital meter was calibrated using the moisture content and the electrical properties of Ajzelia wood specie. The moisture contents of the five (5 ) commercial wood species (Ajzelia, Obeche, Mahogany, Agba and Afara) were determined by gravimetric method and also using the developed moisture meter, respectively. This was replicated in a completely randomized designed experimental set up. The results of the measurements showed that the actua l (observed) and measured (pred icted) moisture contents of Afzelia, Obeche, Mahogany, Agba and Afara wood speices are: 12.4% and 12%,9.0% and 10%, 13.9% and 15%, 12.6% and 13%, 12.3% and 13% respectively. Regression analysis of the results showed a strong correlation (R ranges from 0.92 to 0,99) for each of the tested wood species. The analysis of variance tests conducted on the results proved that the relationship between the predicted and observed moisture contents is statistically significant (P < 0.01). This indicates the effectiveness of the meter 's calibration. In spite of this strong relationship between the results of the moisture content measurement methods applied in this study, there exist sl ight variation in the form of residuals (errors) observed in the results of the analysis of variance te sts conducted on the moisture content results for each of the tested wood species . However, this variati on was accounted for by the 'provision of appropriate correction factors to be appl ied on meter refe rence-curve readings for each of the tested wood species. This shows that the locally produced digital moi sture mete r is reliable for both 111 situ and laboratory measurements of moisture contents of wood species. UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA NSUKKA


THE writer wishes to emphasize the value of the bi-plane fluoroscopic screen in the X-ray Department, and its superiority for fracture and foreign body work over the single screen, which is at the present time generally used. Those of us who are endeavoring to keep abreast with the rapidly moving scientific age in which we live are constantly on the alert for those time- and labor-saving aids to our work which will combine the greatest degree of accuracy and efficiency; but because of the many fads and fancies which are ever coming and going in the practice of medicine, the majority of us are slow to adopt these aids until time and usage have determined their true value, and their right to retain a permanent place in our work. The adoption of the bi-plane fluoroscopic screen, despite its value, is perhaps hampered by the electrical and radiation hazards which, we are forced to concede, have to be taken into consideration at this time. However, these hazards are not so great when the apparatus is in the ha...


HAVING already done distinguished work in music, in theater, in poetry and in visual art, John Cage recently discovered, or rediscovered, a new medium to explore in radio. Working with Klaus Sch6ning, a staff producer of Horspiel (literally, ear-play) for Westdeutscher Rundfunk, he has produced a series of Horspiele, including Roaratorio (1979), Ein Alphabet (1982), Muoyce (1973), and HMCIEX (1984). Critically speaking, these horspiels represent an intermedium between the domains of poetry and music, drawing upon both, without falling completely into either. For Roaratorio, subtitled "An Irish Circus on Finnegans Wake," Cage won the coveted Karl-Sczuka-Prize of German radio. The citation read


A double‐blind crossover study was conducted to evaluate the antitussive effectiveness of diphenhydramine (DPH) in chronic coughs related to bronchitis, at doses of25 and 50 mg every 4 hr for four doses. Both 25− and 50‐mg doses caused a statistically and clinically significant reduction in frequency of coughs, compared to placebo. The most frequently reported side effect was drowsiness, principally at the 50‐mg dose level. There was little or no apparent correlation between antitussive effectiveness and incidence of drowsiness, however, suggesting that the two effects were pharmacologically unrelated.


The automotive industry is in a transformation towards powertrain electrification, requiring automotive engineers to develop and integrate technologies from multiple disciplines. Michigan Technological University is rolling out a new program in interdisciplinary master of engineering degree and graduate and undergraduate certificates in Advanced Electric Drive Vehicle Engineering. Distinctively we are focusing our education program at the vehicle level and the interconnection to the electric grid. The vehicle level aspects of the program include vehicle requirements, integration of propulsion technologies, safety, diagnostics, control and calibration. Michigan Tech and our industrial partners see these as critical limiting factors in the development and production of advanced electric transportation systems. Additionally, the effort leverages the existing distance learning program in electric power. The result are an interdisciplinary program that meets the needs of the transportation and power industries and provides students with a unique skill set that will accelerate the Introduction