Molecular engineering of tetraazapentacene with different numbers of fluorine and chlorine substituents fine‐tunes the frontier molecular orbitals, molecular vibrations, and π–π stacking for n‐type organic semiconductors. Among the six halogenated tetraazapentacenes studied herein, the tetrachloro derivative (4Cl‐TAP) in solution‐processed thin‐film transistors exhibits electron mobility of 14.9 ± 4.9 cm2 V−1 s−1 with a maximum value of 27.8 cm2 V−1 s−1, which sets a new record for n‐channel organic field‐effect transistors. Computational studies on the basis of crystal structures shed light on the structure–property relationships for organic semiconductors. First, chlorine substituents slightly decrease the reorganization energy of the tetraazapentacene whereas fluorine substituents increase the reorganization energy as a result of fine‐tuning molecular vibrations. Second, the electron transfer integral is very sensitive to subtle changes in the 2D π‐stacking with brickwork arrangement. The unprecedentedly high electron mobility of 4Cl‐TAP is attributed to the reduced reorganization energy and enhanced electron transfer integral as a result of modification of tetraazapentacene with four chlorine substituents.


The present invention includes a plate (1), a head (5) one screw with a (3), in order to fix the plate (1) to the bone, the same number with the screw (3), the is formed by a plate (1) orifice screw designed to by crossing (2) maintaining the plate (1) (3) of, - at least one of said orifices (2) of the plate (1) One is over at least a portion of its periphery, the metal has a collar made of ceramic or polymer (4), in some such, the nominal diameter of the orifice (D) is smaller than the nominal diameter is reduced to the value (d), - the orifice (2) the screw which is designed so as to cross the (3) has a conical or curved shape of the thread under the head (11), - the screw (3) is arranged To form towards the hard spot remaining after the end of the arrangement of the screw (3), the thread bottom of the collar (4) and the head of a screw thread (11), said collar (4) for metal or ceramic, at least 0.01mm tightening of said case collar (4) is made of a polymer, having at least 0.05mm tightening of concerns osteosynthesis assembly, characterized in that. .The


Techno-scientific modes of seeing, classifying, and measuring the earth are reformulating the ways in which territorial disputes are currently played out. Due to the mobilisation of science by capital we today inhabit an earth that is being reduced to discrete components. The extreme case of this condition is what I will call the underground frontier: The underground is no longer simply the space where resources are located, but
has itself been converted into a resource. However, if one wishes to investigate the processes by which the underground has been converted into a resource and the role of technoscience in these processes, one should be prepared to investigate the spatial and political assemblages of
which technoscience is part: how it is mobilised, used, financed, and how it becomes part of wider political, cultural or legal claims.


Improving video streaming performance is a main target today for the development of services and related business opportunities in the Internet. For this reason the definition of an efficient video transport paradigm is yet a challenging task. The most common protocol for data transmission in the Internet is TCP but it has been widely believed not suitable for multimedia streaming because of bandwidth instability and retransmissions. However, the dominance of TCP makes desirable the possibility to use it without any modifications. The main idea of this paper is to improve the performance of video streaming by using TCP, by combining it with Active Window Management (AWM), an algorithm to be implemented by video content Providers in their Internet access router. Through an extensive analysis the paper demonstrates that thanks to AWM, packet losses are avoided while per-packet delivery delay is maintained almost constant, strongly decreasing transmission jitter; consequently the required video playout buffer can be substantially reduced with respect to the classical approaches.


Several fiber-optic sensing elements consisting of a U-shaped fiber coated by a detection membrane of polydimethylsiloxane have been prepared with arc radii from 0.3 to 2 mm. Angular distributions of the output optical power from the elements have been measured. A high decrease of the transmitted power of paraxial rays has been observed for elements with arc radii below 1 mm. When elements with arc radii above 1 mm were excited by an inclined collimated beam and brought into contact with toluene solutions a maximum sensitivity of 1 dB/mM was determined. Sensing elements have been tested for monitoring the decomposition of toluene dissolved in water by means of photocatalytic TiO2 nanoparticles applied on silica optical fibers. Differences between concentration data obtained by UV spectrophotometry and those obtained by the element on levels of 10-15% have been observed. Copyright © 2014 IFSA Publishing, S. L.


This unique book presents first-hand histories, case studies, and lessons learned from many of the pioneers who built the satellite industry. They share the experiences, technologies, and business challenges that led to the successful development of an industry that is woven into the very core of our everyday lives. Historically important photographs throughout the book help to illuminate these compelling narratives. In each of these success stories, students, entrepreneurs, and business leaders in a range of disciplines will find valuable material and important lessons that can be applied to their own dreams and plans - in established as well as uncharted territories.


17 substances were shown to be present in the aroma of black tea. This brings the total number of substances now identified to 187. Many of these new aromatic constituents are present only in traces. Nevertheless they possess an appreciable olfactive intensity whose flowery and/or fruity characteristics are found in many perfumed black teas such as: Kenya, Darjeeling, Ceylan, China and Oolong.

The components were identified by GC/MS. and their presence in the aroma verified by GC.


This paper describes a new approach on how to teach a robot everyday manipulation tasks under the "Learning from Observation" framework. In this approach, human demonstrations, which are made up of mutual interactions between a grasped object and an environmental object, are observed and a reusable manipulation task model is automatically generated. Most of the similar approaches so far assume that a demonstration can be well understood from a single demonstration. However, a single demonstration contains ambiguity, in that interactions which are essential to complete a task cannot be discerned without prior task dependent knowledge, which should be obtained from observation. To address these issues, a technique to integrate multiple observations of demonstrations is proposed. The demonstrations differ, but are virtually the same task. The shared interactions among all the demonstrations are considered to be essential and a task model is generated from their symbolic representations. Then, the relative trajectories corresponding to each essential interaction are generalized by calculating their mean and variance, and they are also stored in the task model, which is used to reproduce skilled behavior. This approach is examined by using a human-form robot, which successfully imitates human demonstrations of everyday tasks.


in the date range 27 September 2018 - 11 October 2018. This is a summary listing which allows you to drill through to complete details of each decision.


Since the beginning of time, man is trying to realize himself, without wisdom one cannot makes sense of himself and his world. The study aimed to identify the terms of wisdom according to Islamic view as well as to examine the Quran methodology of developing and maintaining wisdom. The content analysis of the qualitative approach was employed to gather and analyze the information regarding the subject matter. The findings revealed that wisdom can be referred to understanding and comprehension of justice, eloquence in speech and constant rightfulness in statement that leads to good behavior. It also indicated that constant remembrance of Allah will keep steady our faith and our thinking; given us appropriate sense of direction and reasoning thereby checking our activities and preventing us from wrong doings. The findings will give a meaningful contribution for other researchers who are eager to know more about wisdom and enhanced the teaching and learning process. However, the study emphasise on character building if wisdom was attained and consequently rise to good decision making, responsible citizens and hence a well-mannered society that appreciates values and ethics.


Abstract : The objective of this study is to develop the impact of changing trends in political, social, financial and technological environments on the future Reserve Components System of the Japanese Ground Self-Defense Force (GSDF) in order to recommend some alternative courses of action to improve the current GSDF reserve system. This essay concludes that a new role for the reserve compoments, besides the traditional role in a post-mobilization phase, is necessary to lighten the heavy burden on active components in peacetime and that a new approach to manpower acquisition will be required to meet the challenges of Japan's complex social structure. Additionally, it argues that some other improvements relative to Active/Reserve mix ratio, affiliation programs and mobilization authority will be necessary to increase readiness in the Total Force structure. (Author)


A precisely to realize an image processing apparatus capable of detecting an area of the pupil. The image processing apparatus 6 according to the present invention includes an image processing apparatus for identifying the characteristics of the eyes from a face image of a person, the eye region of the eye of the face image, by differentiating the lateral direction in the eye a first differential unit 31 for obtaining the luminance gradient for the eye region, and 3 binarizes the luminance gradient, a first edge point on the left side corresponds to a bright border from the right side, the second edge point on the left side corresponds to the darker border than the right the door, the 3-valued unit 32 for extracting as the edge point, using the Hough transform, for each edge point, depending on which of the first edge point and a second edge point, and is the voting object depending on the positional relationship between the ellipse and the edge point, the first voting unit 33 to vote by changing the weight of votes for the ellipse, based on the voting results of the first voting section 33, the ellipse representing the contour of the pupil and a pupil outline specifying unit 34 for specifying. .FIELD 1


AbstractThis study aims to accurately predict the hydrodynamic performance and motion responses of offshore wind turbines on the basis of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) theory. Continuous and Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations are employed as control equations, and the k-ε
 model is used as a turbulence model. The finite difference method is utilized to discretize the equation. The Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations (SIMPLE) algorithm is applied to solve the control equation, and the volume-of-fluid (VOF) method is used to capture the free surface.
 The numerical wave tank of irregular wave is also established. The hydrodynamic performances and motion responses of the offshore wind turbines under regular waves are studied. First, we assume a floating foundation without the influence of a rotational fan and examine its motion responses
 and wave force in three typical sea conditions, namely, Levels 5, 6, and 7. Thereafter, we use a series of force and torque acting on the rotating center of the offshore to substitute for the influence of the rotational fan on the floating foundation. Then, we study the hydrodynamic performance
 influenced by blade rotation of the floating foundation in various sea conditions and three wind speeds, namely, 5, 8, and 11 m/s. Research results can provide usable theoretical principle and technical support for the investigation of the hydrodynamic performance and motion responses of similar
 offshore wind turbines.


The purpose of this study is to synthesize samples of Carbon Nanotubes (CNT) nanofluids and investigate its stability, particle structure and flow behaviour characteristics. Carbon nanotubes were dispersed in the base fluids of ethylene glycol (EG) and de-ionized water (DI-water) by the two-step method. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), a surfactant was used to assist the dispersion of nanoparticles in the fluid. The mixture was then homogenized using an ultrasonic bath. Observations showed that DI-water nanofluids were stable for more than 1 month, while diluted EG nanofluids lasted only 1 week. The SDS surfactant worked better in water-based liquids to reduce agglomeration in nanofluids. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging showed the catalyst supports were still attached to the nanotubes, hence reducing its purity. Massive crystallization on the structure of CNT in EG nanofluids also supported the theory that SDS has reduced functionality in EG. For both base fluids, viscosity was shown to increase with particle concentration and decrease with increasing temperature between 30 °C and 60 °C. The magnitude of viscosity increments were underestimated by Einstein's conventional viscosity model.


Abstract: We have studied the activation of phospholipase D (PLD) by glutamate in rat cultured astrocytes by measuring the PLD‐catalyzed formation of [32P]phosphatidylbutanol in [32P]Pi‐prelabeled cells, stimulated in the presence of butanol. Glutamate elicited the activation of PLD in cortical astrocytes but not in cortical neurons, whereas similar glutamate activation of phosphoinositide phospholipase C was found in both astrocytes and neurons. The extent of PLD stimulation by glutamate was similar in astrocytes from brain cortex and hippocampus, but no effect was found in cerebellar astrocytes. In cortical astrocytes, the glutamate response was insensitive to antagonists of ionotropic glutamate receptors and was reproduced by agonists of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) with a rank order of agonist potency similar to that reported for group I mGluR‐mediated phosphoinositide phospholipase activation [quisqualate > (S)‐3,5‐dihydroxyphenylglycine > (1S,3R)‐1‐aminocyclopentane‐1,3‐dicarboxylic acid]. The response to (1S,3R)‐1‐aminocyclopentane‐1,3‐dicarboxylic acid was inhibited by the mGluR antagonist (S‐α‐methyl‐4‐carboxyphenylglycine and, less potently, by 1‐aminoindan‐1,5‐dicarboxylic acid and 4‐carboxyphenylglycine, two antagonists of group I mGluRs that display higher potency on mGluR1 than on mGluR5. The mGluR5‐selective agonist (RS)‐2‐chloro‐5‐hydroxyphenylglycine also activated PLD in astrocytes. These findings indicate the involvement of group I mGluRs, most likely mGluR5, in the glutamate activation of PLD in cultured rat cortical astrocytes.


Research in the field of underwater communications continues to generate a lot of interest worldwide, due to a wide range of applications that this technology covers, which include: offshore oil and gas field monitoring, coastline protection and surveillance, oceanographic data collection which will require data exchange between two or more Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and underwater environmental observation for exploration. In this regard, underwater radio waves technology is proposed as a means to deliver high-speed communications at a short range between two underwater bodies. This will be of great importance to scuba divers, underwater photographers or videographers, scientific divers and other underwater explorers. Though this technology suffers greatly from attenuation in the underwater environment. Consequently this work has been considered mainly in lower frequencies in the high-frequency band where the attenuation effect is minimal. Therefore, based on mathematical calculations and considerations for the conductivity and permittivity of the medium, underwater antennas were developed in this work for usage in aqueous environments. The developed antennas can be grouped into two with respect to bandwidth and their radiation characteristics. These includes narrow, dual and wideband antennas as well as those with omnidirectional, bi-directional and directional radiation characteristics. Finally, realized gains of underwater antennas for underwater communication systems are as well presented. This research work can be summarily divided into four categories, which are: investigation of relevant theoretical analyses of radio waves propagation in lossy medium, extensive computer simulation using FEKO electromagnetic simulation software, fabrication of antennas and experimental validation of the work done, which include measurement of radiation characteristics of the antennas in the medium. Hence, fabrication of the designs with good results was performed in the INESC TEC facilities. Also the manufactured antennas were measured with the aid of Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) and these were carried out in a freshwater tank located at INESC TEC, with the antennas at a depth of 2.5 m from the surface and placed on the centre of the tank (which has dimensions of 10 m × 6 m × 5.5 m and the conductivity of water was 0.0487 S/m at 25◦C).


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Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different doses of methylprednisolone in the treatment of severe hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD).Methods Published case-control or random controlled studies of HFMD treated with different doses of methylprednisolone in China were reviewed and analyzed using RevMan 5.0software for Meta-analysis.Results A total of 716patients from 8reported studies were included.Meta-analysis indicated that the duration time of symptoms in the nervous system was at an OR(odds ratio)of-0.80,95% CI-2.20to-0.60;antifebrile time was at the OR-0.87,95%CI-1.05 to-1.06;length of hospitalization was at the OR3.12,95% CI 1.11to 5.13,blood glucose level was at the OR0.97,95% CI 0.55to 1.38,and heart rate was at the OR10.83,95% CI-4.42to 6.42.There were significant differences among all above factors.Conclusions The efficacy of high-dose methylprednisolone was not superior to low-dose;the advantages and disadvantages should be carefully considered when deciding the doses in the treatment of severe HFMD.


A simple and convenient device for deflection-type direct reading the variations in electrolytic conductance is described and applied to the analysis of sulfur by combustion- oxidation method. The apparatus consisted of a high resistance-ratio bridge in which the other adjacent arms are the differential cells. By adopting unusually high a-c voltage source for the bridge excitation, the a-c method for unbalanced bridge is established, decreased sensitivity owing to reduced bridge factor, 0.01, is overcome and also the absolute sensitivity and linearity are greatly improved. Over 50% variations in impedance of the balanced cell, within 1% deviation from the linearity can be attained with a volt (rms)order of output which was detected directly with VTVM without further amplification. Analysis of the bridge shows that these useful features are natural result of the constant current character of the high source impedance generator and the performance of the device agreed with the theoretical predictions. A standard procedure for the rapid analysis of sulfur using the bridge is also given, the analytical accuracy was approximately 1%. A determination takes not more than 5 minutes.


According to the cutting theory of the coal drum shearer,a mathematics model between the drum cutting energy consumption and cutting drum movement parameters was established.Meanwhile,base on the cutting diagram of the distortion I type cutter layout,a mathematics model of the relationship between the lump coal rate and the cutting drum movement parameters was established.Base on the model of the cutting energy consumption and lump coal rate,the paper studied the variation of the drum movement parameters influenced to the cutting energy consumption and the lump coal rate.The paper analyzed the relationship between the different cutter layout and drum cutting energy.The study results showed that the drum with the distortion I type or the distortion II type cutter layout,the cutting energy consumption will be smaller.Meanwhile,the cutting energy consumption and lump coal rate will be a inverse ratio to the drum revolution speed and will be a direct ratio to the haulage speed.


The posterior wall (PW) has been proposed as a standard target for ablation beyond pulmonary vein antral isolation (PVI) in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF). However, studies have shown inconsistent outcomes with the addition of PW ablation. The presence or absence of low voltage on the PW may explain these inconsistencies. We evaluated whether PW ablation based on the presence or absence of low voltage improves long‐term arrhythmia‐free outcomes.


Computational models of biomechanical systems have been available for over 40 years. In the first issue of Journal of Biomechanics from 1968 there exists a paper by Marangoni and Glaser looking at the viscoelastic behaviour biological tissue and presented numerical results using a discrete model which can be thought of as a predecessor of the modern finite element models. In 1971 Rybicki et al published a paper on the mechanical stresses of the femur using the finite element method. Since then, published papers on finite element modelling increased yearly and now, 40 years later, the finite element method plays an important part on the analysis of geometrically complex structures. The hip has been researched extensively over these 40 year and numerous papers have been published from various different research groups on the mechanical response of the femur and total hip arthroplasty under various types of loading. What makes the hip an excellent candidate for finite element analysis is the fact that the geometry of the joint is well defined and can be easily extracted from CT or MRI scans but also the fact that the joint contact forces and musculoskeletal modelling of the hip joint has been extensively researched and measured (Bergmann et al 1993) giving a well defined loading condition during gait and other activities. The knee has also been researched using the finite element method where the joint geometry is well defined, but the loading conditions and the kinematics are more complex. Taylor et al (2003) have investigated the performance of total knee replacement using the finite element method.


In this paper we present a number of improved lower bounds for range searching in the pointer machine and the group model. In the pointer machine, we prove lower bounds for the approximate simplex range reporting problem. In approximate simplex range reporting, points that lie within a distance of ε ⋅ Diam(s) from the border of a query simplex s, are free to be included or excluded from the output, where ε ≥ 0 is an input parameter to the range searching problem. We prove our lower bounds by constructing a hard input set and query set, and then invoking Chazelle and Rosenberg's [CGTA'96] general theorem on the complexity of navigation in the pointer machine. For the group model, we show that input sets and query sets that are hard for range reporting in the pointer machine (i.e. by Chazelle and Rosenberg's theorem), are also hard for dynamic range searching in the group model. This theorem allows us to reuse decades of research on range reporting lower bounds to immediately obtain a range of new group model lower bounds. Amongst others, this includes an improved lower bound for the fundamental problem of dynamic d-dimensional orthogonal range searching, stating that tqtu = Ω((lg n/lg lg n)d-1). Here tq denotes the query time and tu the update time of the data structure. This is an improvement of a lg1-δn factor over the recent lower bound of Larsen [FOCS'11], where δ>0 is a small constant depending on the dimension.


Allan variance has been designed for regular spaced data,but not for unevenly spaced two-way satellite time and frequency transfer( TWSTFT)time series.TWSTFT time interval of China and of Japan are four days and three days respectively.A new statistics for unevenly spaced data is presented. The application of the new statistics to TWSTFT between NTSC(China)and NICT(Japan).Direct com- parison between the new statistics and Allan variance.Proved the new method is better than Allan for une- venly spaced TWSTFT time series.


A dry-combustion method is described for the determination of organocarbon in clay materials. The essential features are the use of purified oxygen; slow insertion of the sample into the furnace to avoid rapid dehydroxylation of the kaolinite and attendant loss of pyrolysis fragments in the atmosphere of steam that is generated; and the use of traps to remove gaseous fluorine compounds, steam and sulphur dioxide. Extensive tests on the apparatus with calcium carbonate and with mixtures of kaolin with glucose and with tannic acid are described. Tests with a commercial kaolin containing organic matter equivalent to about 550 µg of carbon per gram of material indicated a standard error of 8 µg, or ±1·5 per cent. A published method in which the kaolin is heated in a stream of oxygen containing 2 per cent. V/V of ozone has been re-investigated; the organocarbon was only partially oxidised so that the method has no analytical value. Two wet-combustion methods involving the separate use of potassium dichromate and potassium persulphate, which are used in soil analysis, were evaluated. The organic matter on the clay was again only partially oxidised to carbon dioxide under the experimental conditions.


After a short preface, in which the object of the work reported in this dissertation is explained, the chemistry of bis-π-cyclopentadienyl compounds of transition metals, other than pure metallocenes, is briefly reviewed. The preparations of the new pseudo-halide complexes, (π-C 5 -H 5 ) 2 H(N 3 ) 2 , (M = Mo, W), (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 W(OR)CN, (R = C 2 H 5 , CH 3 ), [(π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 W(OC 2 H 5 )(CN)H]PF 6 , (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 M(NCS) 2 , (M = Mo, W), a complex of proposed formula, (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 W(NCS)(SCN) and (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 W(NCS)Cl are reported and these have been characterised by analysis and various physical measurements. Other reactions and attempts to form related complexes are also discussed. The cyano-complex (π-C 5 -H 5 ) 2 W(OC 2 H 5 )CN is hygroscopic and this has been shown by the use of infra-red spectroscopy and deuterium oxide. The bonding of the thiocyanato complexes is discussed in the light of infra-red spectra, ultra-violet spectra and other data and the evidence suggests that all the complexes except one, (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 W(NCS)(SCN), contain only N-bonded thiocyanate groups. The products of oxidation by nitric of all complexes have been investigated and a paramagnetic salt, [(π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 W(NCS)Cl]PF 6 , has been characterised. Other paramagnetic products were either, not stable enough or, obtained pure enough for complete characterisation but their nature is discussed. The reaction of (π-C 5 -H 5 ) 2 MCl 2 , (M = Mo, W), with cyanates gave hygroscopic products having the formula, (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 M(OCONH 2 ) 2 , formed by hydrolysis of cyanate. However a hygroscopic cyanato complex, (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 W(OCN) 2 . ~1H 2 0 is also reported. The novel pentafluorophenyl hydrido complexes, (π-C 5 H 5 )(π-C 5 H 4 C 6 F 5 )MH(C 6 F 5 ), (M = Mo, W), are described. Both complexes have been characterised by analysis, proton magnetic resonance spectra, mass spectra, molecular weight measurements and infra-red spectra. The fluorine magnetic resonance spectra of the molybdenum complex is also reported. The results indicate the presence of a sterically hindered pentafluorophenyl group, attached to the metal, which has non equivalent orthofluorine atoms and one of these fluorine atoms interacts with the metal hydrogen causing a splitting of the metal hydride nuclear resonance signal. Both complexes react with carbon tetrachloride to give the complexes (π-C 5 H 5 )(π-C 5 -H 4 C 6 F 5 )MCl(C 6 F 5 ) and these complexes oxidise to give cations that can be isolated as the salts, [(π-C 5 H 5 )(π-C 5 H 4 C 6 F 5 )MCl(C 6 F 5 )]PF 6 . These salts in solution, at room temperature, have well resolved electron spin resonance spectra showing ligand and metal hyperfine splitting. A related bromo-complex [(π-C 5 H 5 )(π-C 5 H 4 C 6 F 5 )WBr(C 6 F 5 )]PF 6 is mentioned and its electron spin resonance spectrum reported. The reaction of (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 MCl 2 , (M = Mo, W), with LiC 6 H 5 gave unstable products that are discussed in the light of analytical, mass spectral, proton magnetic resonance and infra-red spectral results. The new complexes (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 M(NHC 6 H 4 Y), (M = Mo, W, Y = S; M = Mo, Y = 0), (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 W(O 2 C 14 H 8 ), (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 Mo(O 2 C 5 H 7 )Cl.H 2 O, [(π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 Mo(O 2 C 5 H 7 )]BF 4 , and (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 M(OCOR) 2 , (M = Mo, W; R = CF 3 , C 6 H 5 ), have been prepared and characterised by analysis and physical techniques. Chemical reactions of some of these complexes are discussed and, in particular, the reactions of iodine and nitric acid. The reaction of alkyl halides with sulphur ligand complexes of and molybdenum are reported. The complexes (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 W(SCH 2 ) 2 RX, (R = CH 2 C 6 H 5 , X = Cl, PF 6 ; R = CH 2 CHCH 2 , X = Br, PF 6 ; and R = CH 3 , X = I, PF 6 ), and a related complex (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 W(SCH 2 ) 2 HgCl 2 have been prepared. The complex (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 Mo(SC 6 H 5 ) 2 was shown to give (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 MoI 2 by reaction with CH 3 I but, in a similar reaction, (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 Mo(SCH 3 ) 2 gave the new complex, [(π-C 5 H 5 ) 5 Mo(S(CH 3 ) 2 )I]I. The related salt, [(π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 MoS(CH 3 ) 2 Br]PF 6 , reacted with LiCl to give (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 MoClBr and this, on oxidation gave the salt [(π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 MoClBr]PF 6 as the major product. Oxidation of (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 W(S 2 C 6 H 3 CH 3 ) by nitric acid gave the paramagnetic complex [(π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 W(S 2 C 6 H 3 CH 3 )]PF 6 , which was characterised, and related oxidation products of (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 Mo(S 2 C 6 H 3 CH 3 ) and (π-C 5 H 5 ) 2 W(SCH 2 ) 2 are discussed. Electron spin resonance spectra, in solution, of the isolable paramagnetic compounds mentioned above, mixed halide complexes formed by exchange in strong acids and unstable species formed by electrolytic oxidation are reported. The trends in the isotropic and a parameters are discussed in a general manner. Frozen solution spectra of some complexes are also recorded.


As of 2003, the National State set out to carry out educational politics that promoted the need to address challenges and transformations for initial and continuous teacher training, with an anchor in institutions and in teaching practices. That political priority had in the National Program of Permanent Formation (PNFP) as central actors to the institutions, the teachers and their work. Three possible scales of analysis (national, jurisdictional and institutional); several key subjects in the definition and implementation of the politics (political and pedagogical referents, coordinators, trainers, managers) and a plot of actions and reactions built the map of the design and implementation of the program. From this framework, this article approaches a possible analysis of PNFP from a theoretical perspective. An approach to universal educational politics designed in this area in our country in the period 19902015 from the categories of analysis proposed in this article, aims to bring some ideas to open the reflection to questions such as: how is the design and implementation of a politic of continuous teacher training between the national state and the provincial states? What are the assumptions that underlie the planning models of a policy of continuous teacher training for all teachers in practice? The conception of the teaching task implies these models? What are the strategies of the governments in the search for the necessary governance for the implementation of a politics that shortens the gaps in training? It is necessary to think about public responsibilities on education to a national agreement between the actors involved, or to rethink the relations between the State and society.


The article presents the results of the analysis of literature sources that contain research data on the fatty acid composition of hemp oil (Cannabis sativa L.). Today, sown hemp is confidently occupying a segment of the food market, increasing the range. From ancient times the hemp was used as a source of fiber, from which woven garments were made, and the seeds were eaten. Later, nutritious oil was extracted from the seeds of the crop in the areas of hemp growing.
In the twentieth century, researchers noticed to hemp oil and described in detail its fatty acid composition. The presence of polyunsaturated acids (ώ-3), in particular linolenic, in hemp oil puts the crop among the most valuable. A whole complex of other fatty acids was also found, such as palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linolenic, γ-linolenic, arachidonic, behenic, lignoceric, and others. According to various authors, modern varieties of hemp, both domestic and foreign selection, are characterized by different ratios of fatty acids in the oil, with unsaturated acids predominating. Linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic fatty acids (or vitamin F) prevent the deposition of cholesterol in the arteries, ensure healthy skin and hair, have a positive effect on the activity of the endocrine glands, help reduce body weight by burning saturated fats. These fatty acids are a source of formation in the body of biologically active substances ‒ prostaglandins. Especially valuable in hemp oil is the presence of linoleic, linolenic and gamma-linolenic acids. These important acids are found in large quantities in nature quite rarely. In the quantitative composition of the ratio of glycerides of these acids in hemp oil 3 : 1 (56 linoleic and 19 % linolenic). The most important physiological action of polyunsaturated fatty acids is a strong antisclerotic effect, the ability to lower blood cholesterol, reduce growth and even resorb atherosclerotic plaques. The use of α-linolenic acid prevents the oxidation of cell membrane lipids, insulin resistance, promotes normal fetal development, growth processes, proper development of the brain, visual organs, gonads, improves the biochemistry of the nervous system, synapses, nerve impulse transmission, brain blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels. The article also covers the agronomic characteristics of hemp fruit, as well as the peculiarities of lipid formation processes.


As Bill Bradley recently observed, "A pair of strong hands are not what they used to be. Now those hands have to be able to use a keyboard." In 1997, over half of all workers directly used a computer keyboard on the job. Workers who use a computer at work are paid more than those who do not, and are more highly sought after by employers. The Commerce Department's 1999 report, Falling Through the Net: Defining the Digital Divide, highlighted that African-American workers are less likely than others to have access to information technology at home and at work. The Commerce Department report did not address the issue of training African-American students and workers to use computer technology. This paper seeks to fill that void by exploring the magnitude of the racial divide in the use of computer technology among school children, and considering the consequences of the digital divide. The key findings are summarized.


The genus Mufushanella was established by Chen Shu in 1964. The difference from Nankinela is that it has convex slope and foramen in outer volution. Whether the Mufushanella is tenable or not has been discussed by some people for a long time. It was the focus of the debate that whether the so-called "foramen" are actually septal pores. The specimens collected from Xainza area of Tibet have confirmed the presence of foramen in Mufushanella, which are not septal pores, so we suppose that Mufushanella is a distinct genus. Besides, in the specimens develops the acummulation of dark material between two foramen in outer volutions which recalls parachomata, and seems to be its embryonic form. And a new species Mufushanella nankinellaeformis sp.nov. was established.


We have modelled cationic Frenkel defects, Schottky defects and bound vacancy pairs in AgBr according to the recently introduced EPPI model. Our findings suggest a significant role for Schottky defects in the excess high temperature conductivity and also an important role for bound vacancy pairs in anion self-diffusion.


• One of the few basic premises that sociological analysis assumes is a general answer to the question of how society is organized according to some sort of agreement or contract. Elucidating how this question is still unsettled requires an exploration of how several prominent thinkers have considered what the basis for society is and how it is related to justice founded in the cognitive sociological basis of individuality. Drawing on the cognitive and cultural turn, this critique offers a revision of the structure-agency problem and examines the implications for a sociological conception of freedom and a corresponding concept of causation for the human sciences.


Unions as one of the main masses of youth work,is an important force in carrying out the Party's mass line in educational practice.In this paper,take college unions for example,in-depth analysis of the current issues and shortcomings university trade union face in youth work and explore the work of its staff to enhance the youth level approach,provide theoretical guidance for practical youth work.


Communication in its broadest sense can be seen as the way that living creatures interact with the world in which they live. Human communication involves many of the senses — hearing, sight and touch — in addition to the motor skills involved in speech, writing and gesture. Communication enables people to express basic needs as well as emotions, and when denied causes isolation and frustration.


We propose a simple dynamical model for a glass transition. The dynamics is described by a Langevin equation in a piecewise parabolic free energy landscape, modulated by a temperature dependent overall curvature. The zero-curvature point marks a transition to a phase with broken ergodicity which we identify as the glass transition. Our analysis shows a connection between the high and low frequency response of systems approaching this transition.


This study aims at delineating university students' opinions concerning the factors of the spread of societal violence in the Jordanian society and the impact of certain economic and social factors on the spread of this phenomenon. To this end, a questionnaire was purposely developed after evidence of validity and reliability was provided. The study sample consists of 486 students from the eight colleges of Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Jordan. The study was conducted during the first semester of the academic year 2009/2010.
Findings have uncovered several crucial points concerning the spread of societal violence and the factors influencing it. First, mediation and patronage are the most influential factors influencing societal violence. Second, unemployment, the increasing number of foreign labor, market anarchy and prices instability are among the top factors of societal violence. Third, tribal factors play a minor role in terms of the spread of societal violence. Fourth, there are statistically significant differences in perceptions of societal violence factors attributed to the student's academic level and average on each aspect (social or economic) and on both aspects, together. Finally, no statistically significant differences have been reported in terms of gender or family income or size and their relationship with societal violence.


Abstract : This appendix contains detailed data and analyses of the transportation economics analyses pertaining to a reevaluation of the Oliver Lock Replacement Project. The following sections and attachments document the evaluation procedures and provide estimates of the National Economic Development (NED) benefits which are expected to result from the proposed project. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the navigation benefits which would reasonably accrue to the Oliver Lock Replacement over a 50-year project life (1990-2039). Cost and benefit data contained herein relfect October 1982 price levels. Average annual benefits were computed using a 7-7/8 percent interest rate.


The hypothesis are guess that Fed Rate negative influence to jakarta stock composite  index, guess that foreign exchange negative influence to jakarta stock composite  index and inflation negative influence to jakarta stock composite  index. Analysis instrument to knowing influence of fed rate, foreign exchange and inflation are use multiple linier regression analysis. To know what is the reach of independent variable influence to dependent variable use a hypothesis testing with a partial test (t test), simultant test (f test) and to knowing how the independent variable representative to dependent variable use a godness of fit (R2). The results of hypothesis analysis shows that Fed rate, foreign exchange and inflation have a simultant significant influence to jakarta stock composite  index. The evidence from the results shows that F test > F table (35,51624>2,95).  Partial test shows that Fed rate has negative influence to jakarta stock  composite index which t test > t table ((-6.016280 >2,048), foreign exchange has not influence to jakarta stock composite index with level a significant 5% and inflation has negative influence to jakarta stock composite index.


Plasma lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] and apolipoprotein (apo) B levels have been directly correlated with the risk of coronary heart disease (1). In insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), plasma Lp(a) is elevated and is related to both glycemic control and the presence of nephropathy (2). In non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), plasma Lp(a) appears not to be related to glycemic control, although the data are conflicting (2). Acarbose is a nonabsorbable oligosaccharide that competitively inhibits intestinal a-glucosidases (3). Acarbose delays the hydrolysis of oral carbohydrates, slowing the absorption of dietary glucose (3). We hypothesized that the improved glycemic control in subjects with NIDDM who received acarbose would also result in improvement in plasma levels of Lp(a).


For many tasks, it may be more appropriate to reason with qualitative models which are an inexact representation of the real world than to use the more powerful classical tools of differential or difference equations. Qualitative methods allow us to build models which do not necessarily incorporate assumptions, such as linearity or constancy over time. Even with such imprecise knowledge, there is enough information in a qualitative description to support qualitative simulation, which predicts the possible qualitative behaviours of an economic system.


ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to empirically examine and analyze the influence of perceptions, motivations, and knowledge of sharia accounting on career interests in sharia financial institutions. The object of this research was students from Andalas University Department of Accounting with the criteria have been taking sharia accounting courses. The data used are primary data in the form of questionnaires distributed to respondents. The sample method is done by incidental sampling, respondents in this study amounted to 60 students. Dana analysis method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis.

The result of the study show that perceptions and motivations have an affect the interest of a career in sharia financial institutions. Knowledge of sharia accounting does not affect the interest of a career in sharia financial institutions.

Keywords : Perceptions, Motivations, Knowledge of Sharia Accounting, Career Interest in Sharia Financial Institution.


To get abundant germplasm for developing new waxy corn varieties, pericarp thickness was measured and other factors were evaluated with a total of 142 Korean local waxy corn lines collected from various parts of Busan City and Gyungnam Province. The average pericarp thickness of Korean local waxy corn lines collected was 40.61 ㎛ and the rate of thin pericarp under 50 ㎛ was 70.4%. The pericarp thickness compared by the regions collected showed non significant difference, but which compared by the ear row number per ear showed significant difference (MS = 597.52 * ). Correlation between pericarp thickness and row numbers per ear was low (-0.93).


Abstract Humor, properly applied, can be an important tool in facilitating learning and reducing stress in the classroom. This article addresses the use of humor in bibliographic instruction and encourages the use of humor with practical teaching tips and provides examples of the proper and improper use of humor in the classroom.


This study shows the high accordance between the primary logopedical diagnosis (detection test) made by a teacher and a technical diagnosis issued by experts using an ad hoc instrument of measurement (diagnosis test). Additionally, it exposes the low rates of error (type I and II) derived from the use of such detection test. The validity of this instrument (metric and diagnostical) is explored. Finally it also points out which specific anomalies (discriminant variables) allow us to detect subjects with logopedical deficits.


This work aims to show how the Kalunga Community II appeared in the state of Goi-as, Brazil, one ofof the many communities of the largest Quilombo in Brazil, the Quilombo Kaluga, located in the city of Cavalcante in Goias, 325 kilometers for from the capital. Considering some assumptions to discover about its past, with the intent of having registrating the History and Memory of this community, this study uses qualitative research whit interviews open-ended questions, to listen aborting which were recorded.The stories and realities of individuals residing in the same community since their ancestors. Photographic documentation of the physical remains as histori-cal sources in the territories, and statements from author is dwelling in the place was also performed. We believe that several of the information contained in this study may be worked as a teaching resource in and out of the classrooms of the local school.


Implant in restoring defect of tooth and dentition is more and more popular with clinicians and tooth losing patients. Implant-supported denture is not only beautiful and comfortable,but also makes patients recover masticatory function to the maximum,and it is harmless to healthy adjacent teeth,so it has become the best choice for tooth losing patients. At present,a sharp increasing number of medical institutions and individual clinics have been carrying on implant restorations. However,some medical units lack necessary implant conditions and equipment,and doctors lack professional training. They don't know the indications for implant restoration,the surgery manipulating principles for implant,and the operating highlights of superstructure restoration. They always face some problems that are hard to solve. With the purpose of providing reference for clinicians,the article analyzes common problems in implant prosthodontic procedures,and proposes solving schemes by the way of consulting lots of abroad and domestic literature and integrating personal clinical experience.


I their article, "Feasibility of distinguishing performance among provider groups using patient-reported outcome measures in older adults with multiple chronic conditions," Rose et al1 address the important and timely issue of whether patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can reliably be used to measure and compare delivery system performance. Specifically, the authors evaluate the sample sizes required to achieve acceptable reliability in comparing Medicare Advantage (MA) plans and medical practices (clinics) in their performance on PROMs over time. The use of PROMs for performance measurement—often referred to as patient-reported outcome-based performance measures (PRO-PMs)—has gained significant interest and attention with our national shift toward alternative payment models, and particularly, those that employ a global budget or bundled payment, with accountability for populations. Robust performance measurement is a vital underpinning of value-based payment. Moreover, it is widely understood that an increased reliance on outcome versus process measures is both a better fit for purpose in value-based payment and offers the potential for more parsimonious measure sets. With accountability for populations across the full continuum of care (global budgets) or across episodes (bundles), reliance on process measures leads inexorably to a vast proliferation of measures required to adequately assess the full spectrum of care. By contrast, outcome measures serve as "big dot" performance goals, asking providers to achieve desired results for their population without dictating the approaches by which to do so. As the authors highlight, PROMs represent a particularly important domain of outcome measures in that they assess patients' health-related quality of life. The ability to improve how patients are feeling and functioning is at the heart of the matter for both patients and clinicians—and yet, performance measure sets today are largely lacking these measures. A large number of well-validated PROM tools exist—and have been used for decades in clinical trials in order to assess the ability of new drugs, devices, and treatments to improve patient functioning, reduce pain, or improve emotional well-being. But use of PROMs for performance measurement is another matter—and has been largely absent. To use PROMs for performance measurement requires going beyond the existence of a validated survey instrument to the use of that instrument to systematically measure change in patients' functional status over time. The measurement of change on a PROM, together with appropriate risk adjustment, can form the basis for a PRO-PM. As we contemplate the potential use of PRO-PMs in value-based payment, the authors ask the critically important question: how large a sample is needed to achieve stable, reliable measurement of a health plan's performance or a medical clinic's performance on these measures. A key strength of the study is that it uses 2 large datasets with longitudinal measurement of well-validated PROM tools—the VR-12 and the PROMIS-29—with one dataset assessing the performance of MA plans and the other assessing medical practices (clinics) within the Kaiser Permanente system. The health plan study measures patient-level changes in both physical and emotional functioning over a 2-year period. The clinic study measures


DISCLAIMER Except as specifically noted the calculations, conclusions and recommendations of this report are the sole responsibility of T. Associates has been incorporated herein as considered appropriate. The data, conclusions and recommendations may not concur with the opinions and/or policies of any of the sponsoring organizations. It is to be noted that the underlying data and assumptions in this report are often forecasts and/or estimates by the team and no guarantees are provided as to qualities of data or recommendations. Notices • • This report was prepared for the listed sponsors, who retain the sole rights to its distribution. However, as most assumptions drew on publicly available data/information, no specific proprietary technical rights of the sponsors are inherent in this report. Whenever specific licensors and/or processes are noted these are for illustration only, with no implied recommendations. • Alberta's oil sands plants are an abundant source of petrochemical feedstocks, potentially capable of supporting new world-scale plants producing at least 1,000-KTA ethylene, 1,000-KTA propylene, 500-KTA benzene and 300-KTA para-xylene – and other high-value-added derivatives. • These products can be produced by integrating existing and new oil sands upgrading plants, refineries and petrochemical plants using proven technologies and emerging technologies that can be commercialized within the next 5 to 10 years. Technology gaps, requiring further research development and demonstration have been identified; strong Alberta based collaborative Research and Development and Demonstration support will be essential. • Using Alberta Industrial Heartland's chemical complexes and infrastructure as a model, the study shows that a practical three-stage integration plan is both technically and economically feasible, assuming new product pipelines from Northern oil sands plants to Edmonton and from Edmonton to Vancouver. • Key factors necessary for successful integration include commitment by different levels of government and industry to a common vision and a long-term strategic plan to facilitate profitable integration of the different complexes and infrastructure including land development. • The roles that have to be played by the different parties for this province to maintain its " Alberta Advantage " ; in order to attract investors to the petrochemicals sector are: a) Industry: • Coordination and collaboration amongst the different industry players to develop and integrate large complexes which would enjoy the economies of scale with efficient trading of feedstocks, products and intermediate streams. • Substantial savings in capital and operating costs can be achieved by sharing utilities, infrastructure and process streams. • Developing …


Most of the naval shipboard equipments strongly require isolation devices to keep their performance and durability from severe noise and vibration loading. The rubber mount is well-known as one of most effective way to isolate major equipments from noise and vibration. The performance of the rubber mount is determined by characteristics of shock stiffness and vibration stiffness and the frequency range of interest is up to several Kilo Hz in navy vessels. In this study, an vibration experiment method for the rubber mount has been developed as a foundation work for assessing dynamic stiffness up to high frequency. Also experiments for a typical rubber mount has been carried out and the results has been discussed.


Introduction: Without the shielding from a global dipole magnetic field like Earth, the Martian atmosphere is exposed to the solar wind and impinging interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). The neutral gas in the Martian atmosphere can be ionized by solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation, electron impacts, and charge-exchange collisions with ions, which produces planetary ions including mainly O, O2, and CO2. Many of these ions will escape from Mars through the interactions with solar wind and IMF, which is an important atmospheric loss process at Mars. Therefore, understanding the Martian ion loss and the dependence on upstream conditions is critical for the studies of the long-term evolution of the Martian atmosphere and climate.


Some years ago we have built a dark-field microscope based on a catadioptric objective used as a dark-field condenser. The apparatus allowed to measure small (tens of nm) transverse displacements of light-scattering micro-objects, such as cell margins or intracellular particles. The principle of apparatus was the registration of the change in the intensity of light scattered from a moving structure that goes in or out the small scattering area (0.5 X 0.5 micrometers ). Recently, we have improved the method by equipping the microscope with a low power He-Ne laser. Highly coherent laser beam focused on the micro-object did not allow to form a real micro-image, but allowed to measure small displacements of the scattering structure via registration of the changes in the intensity of light scattered from the structure moving across the focused spot of laser light. Using the laser as a light source lead to an enhancement of the sensitivity of the apparatus, allowing the registration of displacements with amplitudes down to 1 - 2 nm.


This article focuses on the developing method and process for automatization calculation of annual eigenvalue statistics of water quality monitoring data. This calculation method has got better application result. Calculation precision can meet the requirements of existing specification on water quality material compilation. The development of this automatization calculation has practice meaning in improving material compilation precision and working effectiveness.


Abstract Let E(0, ∞) be a separable symmetric function space, let M be a semifinite von Neumann algebra with normal faithful semifinite trace μ, and let E(M, μ) be the symmetric operator space associated with E(0, ∞). If E(0, ∞) has the uniform Kadec-Klee property with respect to convergence in measure then E(M, μ) also has this property. In particular, if LΦ(0, ∞) (ϕ(0, ∞)) is a separable Orlicz (Lorentz) space then LΦ(M, μ) (Λϕ (M, μ)) has the uniform Kadec-Klee property with respect to convergence in measure on sets of finite measure if and only if the norm of E(0, ∞) satisfies G. Birkhoff's condition of uniform monotonicity.


In this paper, we first use the original complexity equals action (CA) conjecture to discuss the complexity growth rate in both perturbative Einsteinian cubic gravity and nonperturbative Einstein-Weyl gravity. We find that the CA complexity growth rates in these cases are divergent. To avoid this divergence, we modify the original conjecture, in which we assume that the complexity of the boundary state equals the boundary actions contributed by the null segments as well as the joints of the Wheeler-DeWitt patch. Then, the late-time growth rate of this modified holographic complexity is given by entropy S times temperature T of the black holes, which is in agreement with the circuit analysis. Finally, to test its rationality, we also investigate the switchback effect by evaluating it in a Vaidya geometry and analyze the results in circuit models.


the ARMA model is used to analyze the data of China Merchants Bank(600036) shares at the opening price(2010/10/13-2011/4/8) and to predict the next three days (2011/4/11 -2011/4/13) stock opening price data.In contrast with the actual data,the model prediction error is small,indicating that ARMA model is very suitable for short-term forecasts.


Abstract : Russia views cyber very differently than its western counterparts, from the way Russian theorists define cyberwarfare to how the Kremlin employs its cyber capabilities. The paper examines the Russian approach to cyber warfare, addressing both its theoretical and its practical underpinnings.


Households' fuel consumption decisions are affected by a number of factors. But the choice of fuel can affect environmental sustainability, especially where wood based biomass fuel is preferred. This paper examines households' fuel consumption decisions with emphasis on biomass and its implications on environmental sustainability. In all, 200 heads of households were selected through a multistage sampling procedure. The binary logit model was used to examine the factors influencing households' decision to use wood based biomass fuel for their cooking needs. The major factors influencing such decisions are years of completed school by household head, household size, price of the fuel and household income. Given that the removal of wood based biomass from the land results in very negative consequences in the form of soil erosion, reduced moisture and soil nutrients, it is recommended that alternative livelihoods be found for the people to both help them move up the energy ladder to cleaner fuels and also increase their incomes.


As one of the most important mathematics-physics equations, heat equation has been widely used in engineering area and computing science research. Large-scale heat problems are difficult to solve due to computational intractability. The parallelization of heat equation is available to improve the simulation model efficiency. In order to solve the three-dimensional heat problems more rapidly, the OpenMP was adopted to parallelize the preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) algorithm in this paper. A numerical experiment on the three-dimensional heat equation model was carried out on a computer with four cores. Based on the test results, it is found that the execution time of the original serial PCG program is about 1.71 to 2.81 times of the parallel PCG program executed with different number of threads. The experiment results also demonstrate the available performance of the parallel PCG algorithm based on OpenMP in terms of solution quality and computational performance.


The developing of exciting coil and polepiece structure together with the iron shroud for magnetic lenses has led to new possibilities for constructing electron microscope lenses which are used in the rotation-free images.
A rotation-free magnetic projector doublet lens has been designed for high excitation which is suitable for a high voltage electron microscope. An effective software has been used to draw the lines of the magnetic flux throughout the doublet lens and has proved that there is no flux leakage out of magnetic circuit. Furthermore, a rotation-free image can be obtained at low and high magnifications.


Corporate companies' websites recruitment in advanced countries is well established. However, lesser is known about the Malaysian students and employed jobseekers' intention to apply for jobs on the corporate companies' websites. Therefore, this study aims to assess the subjective perceptions of these two groups' intentions to apply for jobs on the websites. This study also aims to analyse the mediating effect of organisational image on perceived person-job fit (P-J fit) and perceived website usability (PWSU) which may be moderated by these two groups of jobseekers' intentions. The conceptual model was first analysed using two-level confirmatory factor analysis. Adopting Hayes' Model 7 template, AMOS software was used to differentiate the two groups' perceptions. The results indicate that the perceived P-J fit and PWSU are the main factors influencing jobseekers' intentions to apply for jobs on corporate websites. The moderated mediation technique has identified an indirect effect between perceived P-J fit and the intention to apply for jobs indicating the importance of established organisational image that it arouses applicants' pursuit intention. Thus, the corporate human resource managers need to ensure the sites are designed for easy navigation and job advertisements that contain updated job information and realistic job preview. Using this platform, companies can reduce costs and time for the recruitment of talents. This study provides the subjective perceptions of jobseekers' intention study and it contributes to the first component of Planning Theory of Intention. Lastly, this research also contributed to an alternate research method of analysing the moderated mediation using AMOS.


When determining overpressure in electrical installations due to internal arcing, it is crucial to know the values of arc voltage and the portion of arc energy leading to pressure rise. In this contribution the fraction Kp of electric arc energy leading to pressure rise in its air surroundings is determined in dependence on arc current, arc energy and electrode material for an arc occurring in a closed container. When the arc current and electric arc energy increases, Kp decreases some-what in the case of copper electrodes and increases in the case of iron and aluminium electrodes. These results are considered to be due to the change in energy balance in the closed container in cases where the arc current and electric arc energy increase.


Surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS) of riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) on Cu, Cu-Zn-Pb, and Fe as well as Fe-C-Cr-Ni has been performed by means of the modification of these substrates with silver nitrate. It is found that the SERR spectrum of a flavin molecule on the alloy Cu-Zn-Pb is different from that on the pure Cu, and this is also the case for a flavin molecule on the alloy Fe-C-Cr-Ni and on pure Fe. This result indicates possibly that Zn, rather than Cu, and Ni or Cr, rather than Fe, in the alloys also interact with the flavin molecules. In addition, the three flavins on the same supporting metal surfaces also exhibit some differences in the SERR spectra. This result implies an involvement of the side chains of the flavin molecules in the enhancement. The SERR spectra of the three flavins are compared with their resonance Raman (RR) spectra. On the basis of our experimental results, a direct interaction of N–5 and possibly also O–4 in the flavins with silver is suggested. The general effectiveness of this method for obtaining SERS is demonstrated, and the enhancement mechanism of these substrates is also briefly discussed.


Knowlesi malaria is widely researched and the most common cause of malaria in Sabah, northern east of Malaysia. Unlike the falciparum species, it is uncommon for knowlesi malaria patients to develop life threatening conditions. We report a case of a fatal knowlesi malaria complicated by pulmonary haemorrhage at our institution.


This paper presents the design of a reconfigurable wideband low noise amplifier with switchable dual bands. The LNA also achieves a continuously tunable operational bandwidth in 0.2 - 1.5GHz and 2.2GHz - 3.2GHz. It implements a switching and a tuning circuit in the input and output stage of the LNA, respectively. Reconfiguration between bands is achieved through a PIN diode in input matching network and continuous tunability in each band is achieved using a varactor diode in the output matching network. The designed LNA is fabricated as microwave integrated circuit (MIC) on FR-4 substrate. It achieves a high measured wideband gain of 9 - 14.5 dB in the lower band and around 8 dB in the upper band. Additionally, The circuit achieves a low NF of 1.2 - 2 dB in lower band and around 2 dB in the upper band. The LNA also achieves a linear and stable operation in all operation modes.


In most cases strengthening reinforced concrete columns exposed to high strain rate is to be expected especially within weak designed structures. A special type of loading is instantaneous loading. Rapid loading can be observed in structural columns exposed to axial loads (e.g., caused by the weight of the upper floors during a vertical earthquake and loads caused by damage and collapse of upper floors and pillars of bridges).Subsequently, this study examines the behavior of reinforced concrete columns under rapid loading so as to understand patterns of failure mechanism, failure capacity and strain rate using finite element code. And examines the behavior of reinforced concrete columns at different support conditions and various loading rate, where the concrete columns were reinforced using various counts of FRP (Fiber Reinforcement Polymer) layers with different lengths. The results were compared against other experimental outcomes and the CEB-FIP formula code for considering the dynamic strength increasing factor for concrete materials. This study reveals that the finite element behavior and failure mode, where the results show that the bearing capacity increased with increasing the loading rate. CFRP layers increased the bearing capacity by 20% and also increased the strain capacity by 50% through confining the concrete.


Hot-carrier-induced degradation is a major challenge for shrinking further the size of bulk Si or SOI components. Although there is no evidence that the aging of SOI MOSFETs is more severe than that of bulk Si counterparts, the degradation mechanisms are more complex: (i) not only the front gate but also the buried oxide and related interface may be damaged, (ii) interface coupling allows the front channel to sense the presence of defects at the opposite interface, (iii) the fields are different, and (iv) floating-body effects may come into play. The purpose of this work is to investigate the latter aspect by revealing the main consequences of stresses conducted in floating- and biased-body modes.


The provision of compensation to the board of directors is expected to improve the performance of the board of directors on corporations, where the board of directors having the property of being an opportunist so that it can be increasing the agency cost. To reduce agency cost then companies provide compensation to a board of directors. Then conducted research aimed to determine the factors that affect compensation board of directors. In this study the variables used is a compensation the board of directors as the dependent variable and the size of the board of directors, the size of the board of commissioners, remuneration and nomination committees as well as the board of commissioners independent as the independent variable. The research also use leverage, firm size and firm age as control variables. To perform th e hypotheses , used manufacturing companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange. The data utilize was from 2011-2013. Analysis method using multiple regression models and the result s found that the size of the board of directors, the board of commissioners independent, leverage , firm size significant lyeffect on compensation the board of directors, while the size of the board of commissioners, remuneration and nomination committees, firm age found no significant effect on compensation the board of directors . This study uses agency theory as a theory supporting. Keywords: The size of the Board of Directors, Board of Commissioners size, Remuneration and Nomination Committee, the Board of Commissioners of the Independent, Compensation Board of Directors .


ABSTRACT Two novel preanalysis sample treatment tools were evaluated in combination with four DNA extraction kits for the selective isolation of bacterial DNA from whole blood. The combination of performing a preanalysis sample treatment and using a larger sample volume increased the detection limit to 50 CFU per ml.


I SHOULD LIKE to concentrate on one question that has held my interest from the beginning of my personal contact with casework. Previously I had encountered the same problem in my work at the Extension School for Teachers of the Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute; lately it has occurred again in my attempts to teach medical students and doctors how to apply dynamic psychiatry to general medicine and to the medical specialties. The question widens the topic of this symposium to a more general one; namely, what can psychoanalysis offer to the professions that deal with human problems and adjustments in one form or another? To what extent and in what way can psychoanalytic principles be assimilated by these professions? There are two main possibilities. The first is best represented by a trend observable in some of the mentioned professional groups; that is, after contact with psychoanalytic techniques, to take them over in a somewhat modified form and to use them as the predominant or exclusive tool, thus largely replacing the traditional professional functions and skills. This refers not only to some groups in casework but also in clinical psychology, education, and even in the field of general medicine. It may be due to the difficulties that people encounter in their dealings with human problems or to the fascination that comes with the new understanding, that the nonpsychiatrist often surrenders to psychiatry so completely. As the specialty that has systematic information on these problems, psychiatry seems to hold a promise of final solutions-a promise which it does not always keep, not even for the psychiatrist. Often there ensues the wish to convey this knowledge to the client or patient in the form of direct interpretation. To illustrate the tendency to identify psychotherapy with insight therapy and to see in interpretation the fundamental tool 230 of dealing with personality problems, I should like to quote from a recent article:


Road safety engineering is relatively new discipline combining skills/expertise of road design, traffic engineering and risk assessment. While there is huge spending in road infrastructure in all developing countries, there is serious lack of attention to road safety engineering, which leads to delivering of unsafe road infrastructure. To overcome this problem, and with a view to develop the capacity, IRF (International Road Federation) India Chapter in Association with Australian Road Research Board (ARRB) and Central Road Research Institute (CRRI) has developed a lCertification Course for Road Safety Auditorsr, and since 2010 some 250 participants have been trained in 10 batches. The course materials were jointly developed by IRF, ARRB and CRRI and training is also imparted by both ARRB and Indian experts. The applicants were required to have civil engineering background and/or with similar experiences, as the training involved both class room lectures and practical/field audit activities involving basic knowledge of civil and road safety engineering. The trainees were from educational institutions, consultancy organizations and road agencies of central and state governments. The involvement of the international agency like ARRB required the course fee to be high, which is found to be not affordable to many participants. An alternative way to make it affordable is to include a capacity building component in all multilateral bank funded infrastructure projects, so as to serve the long term interest of sustainable and safe infrastructure for these less developed countries.


The authors address the navigation of wheeled vehicles over the rough terrains. They present a system for simulating vehicle motions over 3-D terrain which considers the kinematics of the locomotion mechanism, the physics of the interaction between the wheels and the ground being obtained by integration of some basic aspects of terramechanics. This system is exploited to search for paths which guarantee that the vehicle remains maneuverable and stable and rolls without sliding. Paths are mapped by deforming a nominal path joining a set of subgoal points. The choice of the best path can based on different performance criteria, e.g., covered distance, energy consumption, and risk factor.


The relaxation and consolidation processes accompanying the glass transition are linked in this paper with an induction mechanism introducing a cooperative character of relaxation into those processes. The induction mechanism supplements the proposition underlying the internal energy material clock used in a recently developed thermodynamically consistent non-linear viscoelastic theory modeling thermal and mechanical behavior of amorphous polymers in the glass transition range(1,2). The mechanism is introduced into the constitutive theory framework where it replaces the stretched exponential relaxation functions. The proposed modification is used to describe the dilatometric behavior of PMMA during heating from the glassy state after varying aging times. The modified theoretical approach is found to produce a fairly good description of the peaks in thermal expansivity, both with regard to their intensity and position along the temperature axis. The length of the aging period in the glassy state is found to affect the material time scale while the relaxation functions are unchanged.


The recent developments in experimental methods for gene data analysis, called microarrays, provide the possibility of interrogating changes in the expression of a vast number of genes in cell or tissue cultures and thus in depth exploration of disease conditions. As part of an ongoing program of research in Guy A. Rutter (G.A.R.) laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, UK, with support from the Welcome Trust, we study the impact of established and of potentially new methods to the statistical analysis of gene expression data. The various issues that are considered in this thesis are closely related to the stages involved in a typical microarray experiment. Each stage poses assumptions on the microarray data available. Testing of these assumptions, finding out whether they are plausible or not, and then reconsider alternative ones or developing new methods based on completely different assumptions are some of the topics of interest in this work. Several new methods have been developed and compared to established ones by using simulated and real data. Some of our methods outperform the existing ones while others produce promising results and form topics for further research. On the other hand, derivation of theoretical results has also been considered and presented in this work. Apart from the analysis of microarray data, this work focusses on the design of new artificial intelligence approaches, designed for biological/genetical applications. Specifically, based on recent advances on fluorescence microscopy and on insulin vesicle dynamics and exocytosis visualization methods, G.A.R's


Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent impairments in social communication and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. Pharmacological treatments for the core symptoms of ASD are currently lacking, with existing medications primarily targeting associated symptoms and comorbidities such as irritability and psychiatric conditions. Early implementation of behavioral therapies has shown promise in alleviating core ASD symptoms and improving functional outcomes. Combining behavioral therapies with psychopharmacological monitoring is considered a beneficial approach. Methodology: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the level of knowledge regarding autism spectrum disorders among general care physicians and psychiatric physicians in a specific region. A self-reported questionnaire, comprising demographic information, understanding of autism, experience with patients with autism, and knowledge-based questions, was administered. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. Results: The study included 286 participants, with 59.1% acknowledging inadequate knowledge of autism spectrum disorders. However, 40.2% reported experience in diagnosing and collaborating with individuals with ASDs. Among the participants, 80.8% were aware of the challenges faced by children with ASDs in social interaction, communication, and behavior, while 61.9% correctly recognized the higher prevalence of ASDs in boys. The study also revealed potential adverse consequences of antipsychotic medication use in individuals with ASDs, including weight increase (67.8%), hyperprolactinemia (29.4%), extrapyramidal symptoms (32.2%), drowsiness (56.1%), and cognitive adverse effects (18.3%). Conclusion: This study highlights a lack of knowledge among healthcare providers regarding Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). This has implications for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. The study also emphasizes the potential adverse consequences of using antipsychotic medications in individuals with ASDs. Additional education and training are needed to address these knowledge gaps and improve care for individuals with ASDs.


According to the characteristics of micro cutting tools and their application requirement, a new design method of micro ball end mill with helical cylindrical structure is proposed. It changes the cutting edge of ball end milling from the complex space curve into a plane curve. Based on the geometric structure characteristics of the new designed micro ball end mill, the cutting tool structure is optimized with respect to the manufacturing process. Through the analysis of the principle of tool grinding process, the designed tool is fabricated in micro NC grinder. The cutting performance of the new designed tool is investigated through cutting experiment compared to the cutting performance of traditional spiral groove ball end milling and elliptical ball end mill. The results indicate that the designed micro ball end mill can achieve higher cutting edge strength, which can meet the micro cutting requirement for hard brittle materials. In the meantime, the complexity of cutting tool preparation can decrease dramatically.


Fruit size, number of receptacle cells, and mean cell size were determined throughout development of secondary fruit of three day-neutral strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) cultivars grown in a greenhouse. Cells were counted after enzymatic separation of receptacle tissue, and mean cell volume was estimated from cell count and receptacle tissue volume. Size of mature fruit was small (3.8 g) in 'Tillikum', medium (11.5 g) in 'Tristar', and large (15.6 g) in 'Selva'. Fruit size was correlated with the number of achenes per berry. Mature fruit of 'Tillikum' had a lower fruit fresh weight per achene and lower achene population density (achenes per square centimeter) than the larger-fruited cultivars. The average number of cells per mature fruit was 0.72 × 10 6 , 1.96 × 10 6 comparison of cell size. Darrow (1966) noted that cells of the fruit cortex in the cultivated strawberry are four to five times as wide at those of the smaller-fruited Fragaria vesca. Growth of the strawberry receptacle depends on auxin sup- plied by developing achenes on the berry surface (Nitsch, 1950). Final fruit size is correlated with the number of achenes per berry, which is determined during floral development. Much of the variation in fruit size among strawberry cultivars can be accounted for by differences in achene count (Moore et al., 1970; Oydvin, 1984), although size is also affected by environ- mental and internal factors (Strik and Proctor, 1988). Each ach- ene may be envisioned as associated with a contiguous group of fruit cells whose division and enlargement increases fruit size. This expansion decreases the number of achenes per unit berry surface during fruit development (Abbott et al., 1970; Forney and Breen, 1985). Conversely, fruit weight per achene increases as the fruit enlarges, and it may be a genotypic char- acter that reflects differences in auxin release, tissue respon- siveness, and photoassimilate supply. The main objectives of this study were to determine the du- ration of cell division and the contribution of cell count and size to differences in fruit size among three strawberry cultivars. In addition, achene count and spacing were measured to determine their relationship to the number and size of receptacle cells.


essarily revolutionary, but the application of the NTS frame puts forward several new insights on the EU's role in Southeast Asia and other regions far from Europe. However, the book neglects two important issues. First, it shies away from critically assessing the relevance of the interregional level, both for policy and research. One of the central research questions deals with the value of the EU-ASEAN dialogue, but the concluding remarks remain ambiguous. Examples of the importance of the bilateral level are abundant throughout the book: the differing interpretations by the United Kingdom and EU of the Asian financial crisis (ch. 2), the haze as a problem specific to Indonesia (ch. 3), the Danish initiatives following the Bali bombings (ch. 4). Under what circumstances the interregional level becomes the relevant level for action is not fully addressed in the book. Second, how does one make the distinction between the influence of the EU and the United States? In the introduction Dr. MaierKnapp rightfully acknowledges the complicated situation in the region and positions the EU's efforts as complementing US military power (p. 8). But the actorness of the United States in nontraditional security crises remains an open question throughout most of the case studies. This could be an element of importance when explaining the obstacles to the interregional EU-ASEAN relations. This book is a crisis-centric monograph that sets out to evaluate the EU as an actor in Southeast Asia. It represents the increasing policy and academic interest in the region. Dr. Maier-Knapp manages a strong buildup of her arguments in great detail and guides the reader through the interesting case studies. The findings in this work pave the way for further research on the role of the EU and, most importantly, how the actorness of the EU is perceived in the receiving region. aI Marjolein Derous Department ofPolitical Science, Centre for EU Studies Ghent University


In this paper we established a RP-HPLC method for the amentoflavone in Selaginella pulvinate and determined the quantity of amentoflavone.The mobile phase of chromatographic conditions,including Purospher star RP-C18 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm),is consisted of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid solution(65∶35).The detection wavelength was at 337 nm and the temperature of the column was 25 ℃.Amentoflavone showed a good linear relationship at the range of 0.038-0.342 μg,r=0.9999.The recovery rate was 101.2% and RSD was 2.3%.The methods can be used accurately and quickly for the quality control of amentoflavone in Selaginella pulvinate.


The Brazilian equity market is characterized by relatively low liquidity, high cost of capital (low firm valuation), and limited new capital raising. Ownership concentration of corporations is high, with large wedges between control and cash flow rights, leading to large differences in pricing of non-voting and voting shares, reflecting the risks of expropriation by insiders. In recent years, much of the trading and new issuance activity has also migrated abroad. To enhance the development and the functioning of the Brazilian equity markets, beside macro-stability and lower interest rates, improvements are needed in the corporate governance framework, particularly regarding the protection of minority rights, better rules for and oversight of institutional investors, and a better trading environment, including lower taxation.


(57) Abstract: reagents and related methods for using the biomaterial surface in the passivation. The reagent can potentially reactive groups and 2 functionalized aliphatic acids (e.g., fatty acids), in such a way as to preserve the desired functionality of each group, the potential on the aliphatic acids with a spacer group linking the reactive group, including. Once through the latent reactive groups, when it is bound to the surface, the reagent is to hold the albumin, and, with sufficient manner to orient (e.g., concentration and direction), in vivo, presenting the aliphatic acid to the physiological environment.


During the development of a high power dissipating package for VLSI, a serious short circuit was discovered in the test manufacturing sample. The package was constructed with a combination of conventional packaging materials such as ceramic base, PbO sealing glass, molybdenum heat-sink, and aluminum evaporated lead frame. It was found that PbO in the sealing glass was reduced by hydrogen out-gassed from the molybdenum heat-sink of the package.<<ETX>>


Metamaterials have gained popularity in recent years as a promising avenue for producing innovative materials with distinctive properties that offer unprecedented features. In this study, we address the thermal and acoustic challenges of building materials. We numerically and experimentally investigate a clay metaBrick, which is an innovative metamaterial design based on the existing hollow brick that has shown strong sound and thermal performances. We evaluate the acoustic and thermal characteristics of the clay metaBrick, including sound transmission and heat resistance, using the finite element method. Furthermore, we validate the results experimentally by investigating the behaviors of the wall built on metaBricks in two tests: sound and thermal. We contrast the findings of the metaBrick based wall with performances of a standard hollow brick wall. The metaBrick offers enhanced acoustic and thermal insulation properties compared to the standard brick, with a compressive strength above standards required in the building materials.


Purpose: Study purpose was to assess progression and current condition of patients with back pain five years after initial conservative treatment in BPSC. Methods and results: 100 from the first 1000 patients were randomly selected. 46 male mean age 44.85 and 54 female patients mean age 48.56 years were assessed by interview and questionnaires for symptoms progression, time out of work, litigation, other treatments and treatment satisfaction. In 72 patients pain started spontaneously. 15 had pain related to industrial injury/RTA. 3 patients had neck pain and 3 lower back pain related to sports injury. 3 females had postpartum back pain. 6 patients were excluded from the study (4 no data available, 1 child, 1 death). Mean time out of work for patients with spontaneous back pain was 3.07 weeks (SD 1.83) and for patients with industrial injury/RTA 23.42 weeks (SD 39.92) (p=0.003). Analyzing outcome measures 1 vs 5y showed: SF36 PCS mean 31.99 vs 50.53 (SD 7.38 vs 6.28) (p Conclusion: Significant symptomatic improvement is seen in patients five years after initial BPSC treatment. Time out of work is significantly increased in patients pursuing litigation compared with patients with spontaneous onset of back pain.


Wars are now mediated in unprecedented ways and through a variety of communicative forms. Correspondingly, there is an increasing awareness among those involved in war of the need to gauge and manage what is communicated. Communicating War: Media, Memory and Military contextualises these developments by locating the emergence of recent wars and terrorist activity in a wider frame of global socio-political change, highlighting the social, political and historical aspects of 'communicating war'. This includes: . the remembering and forgetting of wars through cultures of collective memory and media selectivity; . the organization, practice and culture of media institutions in the mediation of war information; . and the strategic use of information by military institutions and terrorist organizations in the execution of war and terrorist acts. Remaining sensitive to the complexities of conflict, the book moves beyond a focus on UK and US interventions and reflects upon the communication of war in relation to all forms of conflict, particularly terrorism and under reported civil conflicts.


Thinkers such as Althusser and Deleuze and Guattari have long recognized the importance of Spinoza's "anti-humanism" for politics. They emphasize Spinoza's materialist ontology, which entails a rejection of human exceptionalism with respect to the rest of nature. Anti-humanism calls into question the locus of human agency in the will and underlines the necessity of structural transformation. Ecological philosophers have embraced Spinoza's anti-humanism insofar as it entails a critique of anthropocentrism and the instrumentalization of nature. Neither Marxists nor ecological thinkers have not appreciated, however, the flipside of Spinoza's anti-humanism. This paper examines Spinoza's remarks on animals, or "beasts," to reveal that his materialism likewise rejects the elevation of pristine, wilderness to the status of a norm. This paper argues that a turn to the nonhuman can represent a "perverse effect" of an anthropocentric worldview and thereby undermine potential political action. Spinoza's remarks on animals militate against a kind of misanthropic despair that erupts as a reaction complex to the impossible ideals involved in the institution of the superhuman norms that so often accompany a humanist politics. Study of his words on "brutes," especially as the threat of environmental catastrophe signals dark times, is invaluable for maintaining an affirmative rather than a reactionary politics.


Large area rutile TiO2 nanorod arrays were grown on F:SnO2 (FTO) conductive glass using a hydrothermal method at low temperature. CdSe quantum dots (QDs) were deposited onto single-crystalline TiO2 nanorod arrays by a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method to make a photoelectrode. The solar cell was assembled using a CdSe-TiO2 nanostructure as the photoanode and polysulfide solution as the electrolyte. The annealing effect on optical and photovoltaic properties of CdSe quantum-dotssensitized TiO2 nanorod solar cells was studied systematically. A significant change of the morphology and a regular red shift of band gap of CdSe nanoparticles were observed after annealing treatment. At the same time, an improved photovoltaic performance was obtained for quantum-dots-sensitized solar cell using the annealed CdSe-TiO2 nanostructure electrode. The power conversion efficiency improved from 0.59% to 1.45% as a consequence of the annealing effect. This improvement can be explained by considering the changes in the morphology, the crystalline quality, and the optical properties caused by annealing treatment.


Ultrashort-laser processing is usually regarded as a nonthermal technique in which thermal damage (such as cracking and decomposition) is avoided. However, we have found that thermal processes—melting, flow, bending, and inflation— become prominent under specific conditions. Characteristic nanostructures are generated as a result (see Figure 1).1–5 Liquids in the form of normal water drops are frozen in time on a CCD by a flash of light. Nanoliquids freeze as the temperature decreases because of thermal conduction and radiation. The shape of normal water drops is controlled by varying the physical properties of the liquid and the kinetic properties of the drop. These correspond to target and laser parameters, respectively. Upon irradiation of a 10nm-thick gold thin film on sapphire (0001) crystalline substrate by a single shot of a fourbeam interfering femtosecond (fs) laser (pulse width 130fs, central wavelength 790nm), we generated a nanowaterdrop:1 see Figures 1(a) and 1(b). The period of the interference pattern was 1.3μm, and energy was pumped periodically based on this pattern. As a result, a process similar to normal water-drop formation occurs in the nanoarea. The thin film melts, creating a nanowaterdrop structure that is frozen as the temperature drops and can be observed using scanning-electron microscopy. The structure's height was approximately 800nm, while the bead and neck radii were 75 and 18nm, respectively. For a 20nm-thick film, the process changes from liquid to inflated, and a nanobump structure is generated:2 see Figure 1(c). The underlying mechanism is similar to preparing a 'Mochi' grilled rice cake, which inflates and rises because of vapor pressure. As shown in Figure 1(d), for a 5nm-thick film, we generated a nanomesh through laser ablation.3 The process thus varies among ablative, liquid, and inflated, depending on film thickness. It also varies as a function of pulse width, interference pattern, and target material. For example, using a wider-period Figure 1. Nanostructures generated on gold thin film on a sapphire (0001) crystal substrate. (a) Nanowaterdrop in array and (b) magnified section generated on 10nm-thick film. r: Radius. (c) Nanobump array generated on 50nm-thick film. (d) Nanomesh on 5nm-thick film. The fluence was between 8 and 80mJ/cm2.