Objective To investigate the prevalence regularity and trend of infectious diseases in Huishui County,and to provide a scientific basis for developing prevention and control strategy. Methods With descriptive epidemiological methods,we analyzed the information about infectious diseases in Huishui County form 2004 to 2010. Results A total of 10,220 cases of infectious diseases were reported during the seven years,and the average annual incidence rate was 353.86/100,000.The average annual incidence rate of respiratory infectious diseases was 218.86/100,000, ranking the first place in various types of infectious diseases.Totally 2,378 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were found,accounting for 58.24% of the total incidence of respiratory infectious diseases.The average annual incidence rate of intestinal infectious diseases was 99.16/100,000,ranking the second place in various types of infectious diseases.Totally 1,907 cases of bacterial dysentery were found,accounting for 66.59% of the total incidence of intestinal infectious diseases.The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis and viral hepatitis was increased year by year,while the incidence of bacterial dysentery was decreased year by year. Conclusions Epidemic characteristics and patterns of infectious diseases are gradually changing.We must improve and strengthen the prevention and control measures and pay more attention to the monitoring and control of tuberculosis,immune targeted diseases,infectious diseases which are transmitted through blood and sexual intercourse,and emerging infectious diseases.


Product counterfeiting becomes a significant problem worldwide. It can affect not only a company's reputation and its financial benefits but also personal safety and security of the end-users or customers. Authentication approaches based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) are preferable as they can easily fit into requirements of low cost applications where computational costs, execution time and therefore power consumption are critical. Many world known manufacturers such as NXP or Infineon offer their low cost ECC-based anticounterfeiting integrated circuits for an authentication process [NXP-Semiconductors (2016)], [Infineon-Technologies (2017)]. These devices typically use authentication protocols based on NIST elliptic curves (EC) [NIST-FIPS (2013)] over binary fields as they are more suitable for an efficient hardware implementation compared to EC over prime fields. Each authentication chip has a unique identifier, a random-number generator and a hardware cryptographic-acceleration engine. Additionally, each authentication chip has a certificate (with a public key) and the private key of the chip, inserted into a block of non-volatile memory during production flow for secure storage. In this work we provide a comparison of the NXP A1006 Secure Authenticator which uses B-163 elliptic curve and Infineon Optiga Trust B solution (131 bits, probably B-131) based on publicly available information with our own implementation for the B-233 EC, running on a Digilent's Cmod S7 board equipped with a Spartan-7 FPGA [Digilent-Inc. (2018)]. We demonstrate power traces as well as electromagnetic traces measured during the authentication process and discuss the possibility to perform horizontal differential side channel analysis attacks [Kabin, Dyka, Kreiser & Langendörfer (2018)] against the used EC point multiplication algorithm.


Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is a complex interventional procedure involving several skills and diverse instruments. A consensus from European experts suggested that training for ESD should be performed in a stepwise approach, from knowledge sharing to hands-on ESD experience in an isolated pig stomach model or in live pigs [1]. We have previously developed realistic models to provide clinical practice for ESD in ex vivo or live pig models [2,3]. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using an artificial tissue in ESD training. To our knowledge, this novel approach has not been previously reported. The artificial tissue is composed of three different layers that include a thin flexible silicone sheet and hook-and-loop fasteners. The silicone sheet is precut to represent early stage cancer in the mucosa (●" Fig.1a). The hook-and-loop fasteners consist of two layers of linear fabric (●" Fig.1b). The upper layer consists of tiny hooks and represents the submucosa, while the lower layer consists of small, hairy loops and represents muscle. When the two layers are pressed together, the hooks catch in the loops and the two layers bind temporarily. When these layers are separated by pulling or peeling the two surfaces apart using an insulated-tip knife, it mimics the process of ESD. Red strands are fixed on the lower layer to represent exposed submucosal vessels, which helps give practice in the management of bleeding (●" Fig.1c). The artificial tissue can be cut and mounted on a resinoid stomach model (LM-083; Koken Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; ●" Fig.1d,e), which has several ports where the artificial tissue can be mounted for ESD practice (●" Fig.1 f). The ESD protocol used was similar to the standard protocol in humans (●" Fig.2 and ●" Video1). The greatest advantage of this model is that it can be used for complete ESD training without the ethical issues of using live animals and provides ample opportunity for repeated practice sessions.


Anthropological theories of magic make several claims about the contagious transfer of attributes from object to object and object to person through 'impregnation', 'absorption', and 'penetration'. This article argues that such notions, which emphasize violation of physical space and ontological boundaries, are often incongruent with ernie perspectives. For the Batak of Palawan, 'magical efficacy' in rituals is achieved by attuning the properties of objects, powerful words, sounds, and gestures to other sensory qualities of the environment, in relation to a wider spatio-temporal dimension. Operating from these general premises, I introduce the analytical concept of tool-sign(s); these are vehicles of both cross-ontological communication and action on the material world. This notion sheds new light on long-standing debates about the look and logic of magic.


Tzvetan Todorov's well-known definition of the fantastic is that it teeters on the boundary between two modes – the uncanny and the marvellous – creating an impression of being in two worlds at once, and of hesitating between them. However, several short stories by the contemporary writer Rosa Montero do not precisely conform to Todorov's model. Rather than hesitate, some of her characters re-enchant reality through forms of imaginary thinking which are enabling (though not always upliftingly so). Montero's characters, like experienced readers, prove capable of harnessing uncanny scenarios, thereby rendering their worlds more knowable and homely. Such reactions can be genuinely renovating and epiphanic, yet may equally be instances of bad faith. This article examines five of the author's realist short stories with fantastical trappings, two in each category ('El monstruo del lago' and 'El'; 'Un tumulto de ahogados' and 'La otra'), and another, 'Retrato de familia', where psychology falls short of metaphys...


Abstract Health care providers need to be educated in ethnic and cultural health issues. Many have been trained using norms regarding health and illness. When a health care provider interacts with a person from a culture with differing norms, there is often a conflict of beliefs. The health care provider must develop a sensitivity to the personal fundamental values of others regarding their health and illness. This sensitivity may enable the health care provider to be instrumental in meeting the needs of the consumer in a collaborative, safe, and professional manner.


We hypothesize eosinophils (EOS) are key effector cells in asthma exacerbations caused by virus.We have shown that T-cells incubated with airway viruses activate eosinophil degranulation in vitro,after antigen-presentation (AP).Our recent data suggests Rhinovirus (RV) has the unique ability to activate T-cells directly.METHODS.Human blood monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) were cultured with Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) or Rhinovirus (RV),washed and autologous T-cells and EOS were added.To inhibit AP,some moDC were treated with chloroquine during virus exposure.Also,T-cells alone (CD4+,CD8+,or mixed) were exposed to virus.Proliferation was measured by BrdU-ELISA and apoptosis by flowcytometry.EOS cysteinyl-leukotriene (Cys-LT) release was measured by ELISA.We also used agonists for TLR (2,3,4,7,8).RESULTS.RV induced Cys-LT release from EOS cultured with T-cells (n=6,p<0.001).Virus-moDC induced T-cell proliferation but,unlike RSV,RV was chloroquine-insensitive (n=5,p<0.001).T-cells alone showed proliferation (n=3-7,p<0.01) and apoptosis (n=4,p<0.001) with RV but not with UV-inactivated RV,or RSV.Proliferation was time-(n=3,p<0.01) and dose-(n=2) dependent.CD8 T-cells showed higher proliferation (n=2) and cell death (n=4,p<0.001) than CD4.TLR agonists alone did not induce T-cell proliferation.CONCLUSIONS.Results suggest RSV and RV induce T-cell activation differentially.Our data may help understand why RV is a potent inducer of asthma exacerbation in allergic patients


Purpose: To report the clinical characteristics and prevalence of Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) in patients with retinal diseases in the Republic of Korea. Methods: Patients with deterioration of visual acuity or visual field or episodes of complex visual hallucination (cVH) with retinal diseases between March 2019 and June 2019 at the retinal outpatient clinic of the Chonbuk National University Hospital were selected to answer standardized questions to determine whether they had symptoms of CBS. Results: The selected 303 patients from the total of 2,916 patients were comprised of 163 males (53.8%) and 140 females (46.2%). The mean age of the patients was 66.0 ± 15.1 years. six patients (2.4%) of 245 with no response to initial question in 301 with best-corrected visual acuity less than finger counting and two patients with experience of cVH were diagnosed with CBS. Most patients had seen a wide variety of hallucinations, including objects, people, and scenery, with negative emotions, for > 1 year. The hallucinations were experienced daily with the same frequency. Negative feelings such as fear and worry improved when they received appropriate patient education about the hallucinations. Conclusions: The prevalence of CBS in the Republic of Korea is higher than previously reported. We found that relatively young patients with visual impairment could experience cVH from CBS. CBS patients experienced negative emotions for long periods due to the hallucinations which decreased their quality of life. CBS should be considered during the differential diagnosis of cVH in patients with visual impairment due to ophthalmic diseases. We should also provide appropriate patient education to assist them in understanding more fully the clinical characteristics of CBS.


Dividend policy is a critical and imperative decision because it involves the shareholders interest's and has a significant impact to company's sustainability. Sartono (2010) states that dividend policy is a decision whether the profits obtained by the company will be distributed to shareholders as dividend or will be held in the form of retained earnings for future investment.Brigham and Gapenski (2006) state that investor's main purpose when investing their fund is to gain income or return either as dividend yield or as capital gain. On the other side, the company who will share the dividend will be faced with various consideration: the urge to retain some profit for a more promising re-investment, the company funding, company liquidity, shareholder's characteristic, specific target related to dividend payment ratio, and other factors related to dividend policy.Based on the definition mentioned above, it can be concluded that dividend policy is influenced by two conflicting interests; the shareholders interest with their dividend and the company interest to do re-investment by retaining the profit. Therefore, dividends paid will depend on each company's considerations.In general, the shareholders wish to have a relatively stable dividend share to minimize the uncertainty of expected investment result and to increase the shareholder's trust toward the company so that the stock value will rise. The company dividend policy can be reflected by the Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), which is the profit percentage shared in the form of cash dividend. It means that the size of the DPR, either big or small, will affect the shareholder's decision and to the contrary it will also affect the company financial condition. Improper decisions will potentially envisage company facing funding difficulties in the future.According to Brigham and Gapenski (2006), the optimum dividend policy is the dividend policy which creating balance between the current dividend and its growth in the future so the company stock price can be maximized.Lintner (1956) argue that the company ability to gain profit is the main indicator of the company ability to pay dividend. So, the profitability is the most determining factor toward dividend. But some other research mention that the companies tend to choose new investment instead of paying high dividend if their condition are great, well-developed and have high profitability.The rapid growth of Islamic Finance become the first-rate consideration of choosing Jakarta Islamic Index stocks as the object research in which this research aimed to improve investor's understanding related to dividend policy of sharia stocks member of Jakarta Islamic Index.


The present study was intended to determine the concentrations of phenolic compounds in surface waters of Godavari canal by molecular spectrophotometry. Samples were collected from fifteen sampling stations using grab sampling method for a period of four months (from November to February) at 10 day intervals. Total phenols in water samples were determined using molecular spectrophotometry after distillation, complexation with 4-aminoantipyrine and extraction into chloroform. The concentration of phenolic compounds was reported in the range of 80-179 mg/lit, well within the limits considering the earlier reports in the literature and the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) of India. Relatively higher levels of phenolic compounds (100-179 mg/lit) were reported in nine out of fifteen sampling locations. Statistical analysis showed that there is a significant difference in the concentrations of phenolic compounds in the month of November with respect to January (at p = 0.05) and November with respect to February (at p < 0.05).


Introduction. Acute infectious rhinitis refers to the frequent causes of discharge therapy with nasal decongestants.   The aim to analyze the clinical features of unloading therapy of acute infectious rhinitis with 0.1 % xylometazoline according to the materials of the research centers of Novosibirsk and Yekaterinburg.   Materials and methods. In the research centers of Novosibirsk and Yekaterinburg, patients with acute infectious rhinitis were observed. Intranasal therapy in the study groups (group 1) and in the comparison groups (group 2) was carried out with 0.1 % xylometazoline spray for 7 days. Group 2 additionally received silver preparation intranasally. The need for decongestant and the state of mucociliary transport (MCT) were evaluated.   Results and discussion. Initially, patients with normal MCT rate at 1 visit in Novosibirsk accounted for 20.8 % in group 1 and 34.78 % in group 2; in Yekaterinburg – 29.17 % of patients in group 1 and 25% of patients in group 2. In the study groups, 54.2 % of patients in Novosibirsk and 100 % in Yekaterinburg used decongestant on day 5; in the comparison groups – 41.7% in Novosibirsk; 83.3% of patients in Yekaterinburg. On day 5, the volumetric air flow velocity was determined to be more than 900 cm3/s in all patients. Decongestant was used for more than 7 days by 40.35 % of patients in the first groups and 12.45 % of patients in the second groups. Inhibition of MCT on the 14 th day of follow-up, detected in two research centers, amounted to 5.26 % of patients.   Conclusions. On the 5th day of unloading therapy, nasal breathing is objectively free. Intranasal antiseptic therapy reduces the probability of using decongestant for more than 7 days by 27.9 %. Inhibition of MCT when using 0.1 % xylometazoline should be attributed to frequent reactions.


We present UML-CASTING, a prototype tool for computer-assisted generation of test suites from UML models. The concept underlying Casting is that a large part of test cases corresponding to a given test strategy can be obtained automatically from the text of the specification. A test strategy consists of a set of decomposition rules that are applied to the expressions in a specification in order to reveal potentially interesting test cases. In the case of UML-CASTING, the decomposition is applied to class and state diagrams in order to yield an intermediate representation (also in the shape of a state machine) from which test (here, method invocations) can be extracted. Expressions are written in a subset of OCL2. The user can then specify two kinds of goals: either a coverage percentage that he wants to achieve or specific sequence of method calls that he wants to see executed. In either case, UML-CASTING will use constraint-solving techniques to produce test cases to achieve these goals.


Plasma concentrations of prolactin in anoestrous ewes were respectively lowered or raised by the separate infusion of dopamine or thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH). Combined treatment with dopamine and TRH lowered the concentration of prolactin in plasma but the values increased markedly after the treatment was stopped and reached a level equivalent to that found in ewes treated with TRH alone. The results are interpreted as evidence that both dopamine and TRH play a regulatory role in determining the secretion of prolactin in the ewe.


The transition we live in different local churches must respond to the pastoral challenge of knowing how to articulate the "local" with the "global". An important contribution can be given by the presence of immigrants, especially Christians, who numerically increased in the territory. Faced with this "Kairos" the pastoral dynamics of the Church are not well prepared to live this inevitable transition from a faith expressed in a monocultural way to a faith expressed in an intercultural way. We are called to express the "catholicity" of faith through a pastoral practice different from that one experienced earlier, in which the pastoral agents committed to the announce are also Christians from other continents.


We construct a continuous function such that possesses -property, but does not have approximate derivative on a set of full Lebesgue measure. This shows that Banach's Theorem concerning differentiability of continuous functions with Lusin's property does not hold for -property. Some relevant properties are presented.


Decline in soil quality is considered as a major environmental concern globally. Production of good quality of food in an ample quantity for the growing population without deterioration soil quality and fertility is major challenge in present scenario. Use of agrochemicals to increase the productivity of soil is leading to loss of soil quality which also has significant impacts on human health and environment.  Use of green manure to crop production was recognized as economically viable and environmentally acceptable approaches in substitution to the agrochemicals. Green manures are crops that were incorporate in agricultural field as a source of nutrient for succeeding crops. It also plays a vital role in restoring and improving the soil quality. There are numerous green manure plants in around the world which can contribute to improve soil biological, physical and chemical quality.


The Planck vacuum (PV) [1] is an omnipresent degenerate gas of negative-energy Planck particles (PP) characterized by the triad ( ), where , , and ( ) are the PP charge, mass, and Compton radius respectively. The vacuum is held together by van der Waals forces. The charge is the bare (true) electronic charge common to all charged elementary particles and is related to the observed electronic charge through the fine structure constant which is a manifestation of the PV polarizability. The PP mass and Compton radius are equal to the Planck mass and length respectively. The particle-PV interaction is the source of the gravitational ( ) and Planck (! ) constants, and the Compton relations ( ) relating the PV and its PPs to the observed elementary particles, where the charged elementary particles are characterized by the triad , and being the mass and Compton radius ( ) of the particle (particle spin is not yet included in the theory). A feedback mechanism in the particle-PV interaction leads to the Lorentz transformation. The zero-point random motion of the PP charges about their equilibrium positions within the PV, and the PV dynamics, are the source of the quantum vacuum [2]. Neutrinos appear to be phonon packets that exist and propagate within the PV [3]. General relativity describes the spacetime-curvature aspects of the PV [1]. So it is natural to assume that this vacuum state has something to do with black holes, "tunnels in spacetime", and "wormholes connecting different universes" [4, p. 642] if such things do indeed exist. The Einstein metric equation, and the "Schwarzschild" line element outside a static sphere of mass , expressed in terms of the PV parameters, are [1]


The discussed ESP module for librarians was one of eight modules developed and implemented within the DIREKT Erasmus+ project funded by the European Commission through the Capacity Building in the Higher Education Program. The aim was to improve, develop and modernise higher education systems in Asia through university cooperation. The idea behind teaching English to librarians was to equip them with an ability to provide support to academic staff and students concerning information resources, databases and research studies, which are available mainly in English. Librarians are the key link between the activities of academic staff, students and the library, therefore there is a need for librarians to reach at least an A2 level of the CEFR in English. The ESP module is aimed to develop a functional language for the library staff in authentic library situations, such as borrowing and returning books, using library jargon, providing assistance, guidance and advice in finding quality library sources and databases, referencing, citation and avoiding plagiarism. This research study aims to evaluate the implementation of the ESP module for librarians at five universities in China and Kazakhstan. Research methods applied in this study were observation, students' questionnaires and teachers' evaluations. To summarize the findings, it was discovered that even though the taught module was the same, there were differences in focus, teaching techniques, activities and used materials.


In this thesis we shall deal with utility maximization and stochastic optimal control problems through several modern points of view. We shall be interested in understanding how such problems behave under parameter uncertainty under respectively the robustness paradigm and the first order sensitivity approach. Afterwards, we shall leave the single-agent world and tackle an instance of a two-agent problem where the first one delegates his/her investments to the second through a contract. In the first place, we consider the robust utility maximization problem in continuous time financial market models, where we formulate conditions for the partial and full solvability of the problem without assuming weak compactness of the densities of the so-called uncertainty set, which is a set of measures upon which the utility maximizing agent wants to perform robust investments. These conditions are stated in terms of functional spaces that arise naturally from the formulation of the problem. For general markets, we show that the relevant space is a certain Modular space, through which we can prove a minimax equality and the existence of optimal strategies. In complete markets the relevant space is an Orlicz space, and upon granting its reflexivity under verifiable conditions on the utility function, we obtain in addition the existence of a worst-case measure in the uncertainty set. We moreover characterize the latter in terms of the solution to a certain bi-dual problem which can in practical cases be simpler to solve. Secondly we turn our attention to continuous-time stochastic optimal control, where we provide a first order sensitivity analysis to some parameterized variants of such problems. The main tool here is the one-to-one correspondence, which we rigorously prove, between the adjoint states appearing in a weak form of the stochastic Pontryagin principle and the Lagrange multipliers associated to the controlled equation when viewed as a functional constraint on a space of processes. The sensitivity analysis is then deployed in its full strength in the case of convex problems and additive perturbations as well as in specific mean-variance or linearquadratic problems and multiplicative perturbations. In a final part, we proceed to Principal-Agent problems in discrete time. Here we apply in the greatest possible generality the tools from conditional analysis to the case of linear contracts and show that most results known in the literature for very specific instances of the problem carry on to a much larger family of utility functions and probabilistic settings. In particular, the existence of a first-best optimal contract and its implementability by the Agent is recovered.


Abstract In Massachusetts, USA, both human and beaver (Castor canadensis) population levels are increasing, beaver damage complaints are escalating, and beaver management options are restricted by the 1996 Wildlife Protection Act. We looked at the public's norms toward beavers in Massachusetts. In 2002 we sent a mail-back questionnaire to a random sample of 5,563 residents in 3 geographic regions in Massachusetts and to residents who submitted a beaver complaint to Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife (MassWildlife) in 1999–2000 (47.3% overall response rate). Respondents supported some form of beaver management. As severity of beaver damage was perceived to increase, respondents were more willing to accept lethal management and control of beavers. These results emphasize the importance of how tolerance and acceptability of wildlife are influenced by the type of activity the animal is engaged in, the type of management action that is proposed, the positive or negative perception of a species in the eye of the public, and the public's preference for future population levels. A full understanding of these 4 points will help tailor management accordingly, because this knowledge can define a threshold of acceptance by the public for anticipated management actions. Restoration of full beaver management authority to the cognizant wildlife management agency would facilitate application of normative information to determine appropriate management response for minimizing conflicts between humans and beavers.


The generation of ever-bigger data sets pertaining to the distribution of activities in cities is paralleled by massive increases in computer power and memory that are enabling very large-scale urban models to be constructed. Here we present an effort to extend traditional land use–transport interaction (LUTI) models to extensive spatial systems so that they are able to track increasingly wide repercussions on the location of population, employment and related distributions of spatial interactions. The prototype model framework we propose and implement called QUANT is available anywhere, at any time, at any place, and is open to any user. It is characterised as a set of web-based services within which simulation, visualisation and scenario generation are configured. We begin by presenting the core spatial interaction model built around the journey to work, and extend this to deal with many sectors. We detail the computational environment, with a focus on the size of the problem which is an application to a 8436 zone system comprising England, Scotland and Wales generating matrices of around 71 million cells. We detail the data and spatial system, showing how we extend the model to visualise spatial interactions as vector fields and accessibility indicators. We briefly demonstrate the implementation of the model and outline how we can generate the impact of changes in employment and changes in travel costs that enable transport modes to compete for travellers. We conclude by indicating that the power of the new framework consists of running hundreds of 'what if?' scenarios which let the user immediately evaluate their impacts and then evolve new and better ones.


Coronavirus replication offers several attractive targets for chemotherapy. These include: viral entry (inhibited by chloroquine and peptides); viral RNA (targeted by antisense approaches/RNAi); the main protease 3CLpro (inhibited by peptidic molecules such as HIV-1 protease inhibitors and miscellaneous compounds); the accessory protease(s) PLpro(s) (inhibited by zinc ions); RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (inhibited by aurintricarboxylic acid and antisense approaches); and helicase (inhibited by bananins). Chloroquine and HIV-1 protease inhibitors (with well-known toxicity profiles) should be considered for clinical tests if severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) re-emerges; however, there are other attractive compounds. Lessons should be learnt from AIDS research for choosing the best strategies.


Introduction With an emphasis on future services needing to meet the needs of more people, more of the time, we have embarked on a process of revolutionising how our day services and outpatient care could rise to this challenge. Aims of project To reach those people who would not have traditionally used day services Development of planned sessions, group work and open access with the aim of creating a flow through the building which sees independent movement Ensure patient led goals are central, working towards the promotion of rehabilitation, enablement and self-help A change of focus for our volunteers with an emphasis of empowering and enabling service users Extend and welcome other groups who provide support across the community to deliver it from our building. Evidence and experience to date During January 2016 there was an opportunity for us to take a moment in time to stop and reflect as well as having the opportunity to be able to work together as a team to review and revise the future of our day services and outpatient care. A new philosophy and vision has been created that sits firmly within the strategic plans of our hospice. A change of focus for the volunteers with the emphasis of empowering and enabling those who use our services has been one which has taken much longer to embed. New roles have been established to support planned day care and a self-management programme and access to various activities which promote well-being are now underway. Conclusion The process of changing the philosophy and structure of our day services has not been without challenge. A new vision looks to build on the potential of those people accessing and working out of the building, whilst also seeking new opportunities to work in partnership.


5/7-ChIoro-4H-l,4-benzothiazines have been synthesized by the condensation of sustituted 2-amino-3/5chlorobenzenethiol with compounds containing active methylene group in dimethylsulfoxide which causes oxidative cyclization via enaminoketone intermediate. The IR, NMR and Mass spectra have been also included. INTRODUCTION 4H-l,4-Benzothiazines possess a fold along nitrogen and sulfur axis, which is responsible for pharmacological and biological activities (1,2). 4H-l,4-Benzothiazines are being used as tranquilizers, antiemetics, sedative(3), antihistamines^), antipsychotics, antiinflammatory, anthelmintics, diuretics etc. They have also shown antitumor activities(5,6). They have been used in industries as antioxidant, heatstabiliser, photosensitizers, dyes, indicators and lubricants. All these pharmacological, biological and industrial applications have stimulated our interest in synthesizing hitherto unknown benzothiazines. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 5/7-Chloro-4H-l,4-benzothiazines have been synthesized by the condensation of 2-amino-3/5chlorobenzenethiols and ß diketones. The 2-amino-3/5-chlorobenzenethiols have been synthesized by the hydrolytic cleavage of 2-amino-4/6-chlorobenzothiazole respectively by adopting the method reported elsewhere (7). ß-Diketones has been prepared by Claisen condensation of ethylacetate with substituted acetophenones (scheme-1). Here R '=Br,R = H; R'= CH3, R=H; R = H, R= C2H5; R '=H, R=OC2Hs Scheme-1 5/7-Chlorobenzothiazines have been synthesized by the condensation of β diketones (viz. 3bromobenzoylacetone, 3-methylbenzoylacetone, 4-ethylbenzoylacetone, 4-ethoxybenzoylacetone) with 2amino-3/5-chlorobenzenethiol in dimethylsulfoxide, which causes oxidative cyclization. The reaction proceeds through an intermediate enaminoketone. Under the experimental conditions 2-aminobenzenethiols are readily oxidized to bis (2-aminophenyl) disulfides. High reactivity at 0(-position of enaminoketone system towards nucleophilic attack causes cyclization of bis (2-aminophenyl) disulfides to 4H-1, 4benzothiazine by cleavage of sulfur-sulfur bond (scheme-2). The IR spectra of all benzothiazines exhibit a shark peak in the region 3235-3270 cm" due to N-H stretching vibrations. The two sharp bands due to symmetric and asymmetric C-H deformation vibrations of CH3 group are observed in the region 1300-1430 cm'and 1480-1510 cm" respectively. The sharp band Vol. 8, No. 4, 2002 A convenient synthesis of 5/7-chloro-4H-l ,4-benzothiazines


Abstract : Simple approximate methods for determining thermal stresses in nozzles are developed. The mathematical derivation assumes that a section of nozzle can be considered as a flat slab, with a condition of no bending distortion imposed. One surface of the slab is assumed to experience a temperature rise in an exponential manner; no heat loss is assumed to take place from any surface. Thermal properties are assumed to be independent of conditions of stress, and thermal diffusivity is assumed independent of temperature. Stresses are calculated for four cases: I. Constant elastic modulus. II. Modulus as a function of temperature but constant at any given temperature. III. Perfect elastic-plastic material with modulus and flow stress as a function of temperature; reversal of stress induced strains not accounted for. IV. A general condition of perfect elastic-plastic material with strain reversals permitted. A numerical example is given for the derivation of the stress distribution by the method of case IV. (Author)


The structure of developing flows inside curved channels has been investigated numerically using the time-averaged Navier Stokes equations in three dimensions. The equations are solved in primitive variables using finite difference techniques. The solution procedure involves a combination of repeated space-marching integration of the governing equations and correction for elliptic effects between two marching sweeps. Type-dependent differencing is used to permit downstream marching even in the reverse-flow regions. The procedure is shown to allow efficient calculations of turbulent flow inside strongly curved channels as well as laminar flow inside a moderately curved passage. Results obtained in both cases indicate that the flow structure is strongly controlled by local imbalance between centrifugal forces and pressure gradients. Furthermore, distortion of primary flow due to migration of low momentum fluid caused by secondary flow is found to be largely dependent on the Reynolds number and Dean number. Comparison with experimental data is also included.


This study reports on how a heterogeneous mixed-ability large class (63 students) turned into a cohesive and functioning class. To promote learner autonomy, students were made responsible to identify their own needs and objectives. The participants of this study consisted of undergraduate chemistry students who had taken the English for General Purposes (EGP) course at the University of Tabriz, Iran. A learning-centered approach was opted for to fulfill both course goals (i.e. reading skill) and different students' needs, objectives, expectations, and preferences. The theoretical decisions about goals and needs were contextualized and taken to the next level, i.e. implementation stage. The students' views, syllabus, and the institution's goals were translated into practical and actual classroom activities and exercises. Useful textbooks, tasks, and projects were presented and practiced. The new syllabus acted as a mediator to raise the students' awareness to language learning, their needs, lacks, and goals. The syllabus went beyond the planning stage and content specification to the level in which the students were made to use and produce language through communicative activities within meaningful context. There were some constraints and limitations which were obviated. The important benefits of this course were as follows: selection of effective materials and methods, learner autonomy, teacher self-development, and face-value of the course.


The present Mediterranean marine biogeography is the result of geologic and climatic events of unusual, perhaps unique, magnitude that profoundly affected the evolution of the basin's biota. The last 10 million years witnessed a major climatic shift from middle Miocene tropical to Quaternary temperate-cold thermal regimes. Furthermore, the geodynamic evolution of the basin, mostly marked by collisional tectonics, impinged strongly upon the Mediterranean biota by re-arranging landmasses, submarine topographies, corridors and straits. The peculiar hydrological conditions of the Mediterranean during the Messinian salinity crisis caused probably the annihilation of its stenoecious marine ecosystems. Claims of the permanence of Mediterranean stenoecious benthics, the Tethyan relics, are unsubstantiated by definitive data. For example, the marine phanerogam Posidonia oceanica whose geographic distribution in the Neogene, possibly up to the middle-late Pliocene?Pleistocene, is thought to have been extra-Mediterranean, probably confined to temperate sectors of the eastern Atlantic Ocean. The on-going colonization of the Eastern Mediterranean basin by tropical-subtropical marine organisms is used as an argument to introduce the concept of Godot basins. The Eastern Mediterranean is and was a suitable receptacle of tropical-subtropical elements at many interglacial peaks, as shown by the last-interglacial Strombus-fauna and the present-interglacial Lessepsian massive colonization. A Godot basin is segregated within a larger water body, in our case the Mediterranean Sea, and displays a demonstrable, but typically only potential, capacity to accommodate a substantial number of invaders, provided that a suitable (natural or anthropogenic) connection is established. Such a connection, however, may take place only under restricted circumstances.


A comparative study was carried out at Queen Mary's Hospital, Lucknow, India between January 1964 and December 1968 in which 2403 Lippes loops were inserted 4-8 days postpartum, in the late puerperium, and in nonpuerperal women. Early postpartum insertion was easy and did not interfere with involution of the uterus. Expulsion of the device was the commonest complication and occurred in 26.4% of the woman inserted postpartum who reported for follow-up; this compared with a 9.4% expulsion rate in late puerperal insertions, and 14.2% in nonpuerperal insertions. Bleeding was the major complication in the nonpuerperal insertions but was not a serious problem in either the postpartum of the late puerperal groups. Late puerperal insertion presented the problem of getting women to come at the correct time. Postpartum insertion appears to be a worthwhile procedure as the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.


A photocopy of a newspaper clipping that discusses the ways Bill Nelson's campaign benefited Dallas' LGBT community and Paul Fielding's flip-flop method of winning elections.


This article will consider some of the reasons for and consequences of the minimal interest shown to date by academic researchers in the investigation and prosecution of German war criminals by Allied military tribunals between 1945-48; here characterised as "forgotten." This designation has pertinence as memory forms an important theme for historians, and never more so than in Holocaust Studies, an interdisciplinary area of scholarship that is greatly concerned with remembering. It follows, that this neglect by historians, legal scholars and others of those "minor" war crimes prosecutions by the Allies in Occupied Germany and elsewhere, to the extent that even their number remains uncertain, has presented this researcher with a series of questions and concerns discussed below.


The similarity of results obtained using telephone interviews and posted questionnaires on skin examination for melanoma suggests that questionnaires are an appropriate method for assessing this health issue.


The main production of farmers in Dukuhwaringin Village, Dawe District, Kudus Regency is coffee. The partner of this activity is Robusta type community coffee farmers who are members of two farmer groups, that is Muria Jaya farmer group and Sido Makmur farmer group. The application of Appropriate Technology is carried out in June - December 2019. The method applied includes the socialization / extension of coffee pruning technology, training, demonstration plot, application in post-harvest coffee pruning. The results of the TTG pruning activities carried out included in the category of light pruning. Coffee plants have evenly distributed and balanced branch conditions that greatly affect the results of production estimates. Many branches must be pruned because the branches are old and have a diseases. After pruning, the plants produce new shoots. The branches that are pruned at this time greatly affect the number of branches and production for the following year.


"It is the position of the State that the district court did not follow the United States Supreme Court's precedents in this area. The State will argue on appeal that the district court erred in concluding that House failed to receive effective assistance of counsel at his criminal trial. The State will also argue that the district court was wrong to conclude that material evidence may have been withheld from defense counsel. Finally, the State will contend that there is sufficient evidence of guilt to support the jury's verdict and that none of the alleged errors attributed to defense counsel and the State call into question the reliability of the jury's guilty verdict and sentence. "In light of the United States Supreme Court's opinion in this case, the State believes that this matter should be resolved as expeditiously as possible. Accordingly, the State sought prompt resolution of the habeas corpus petition before the trial court, and the State will ask the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals to expedite the appeal. The State has invited the defendant's counsel to join in that motion." (NOTE TO EDITORS: A copy of the documents filed can be obtained by calling Sharon Curtis-Flair at 615-741-5860.)


A centerless grinding is characterized by supporting a workpiece with the periphery to be ground under a preliminary selected geometrical arrangement and in viewpoint of rounding action there exist geometrical/statical stability and also a dynamic stability in the grinding system. Therefore, for realizing generalized work set-up conditions for stability it is necessary to derive an analytical method to be able to review both of the geometrical/statical stability and also the dynamic stability simultaneously. In the present paper, by introducing a vector phase coincidence method instead of the conventional vector locus coincidence method a phase coincidence rounding effect criterion diagram has been newly proposed for the above requirement. Application of the diagram enables to give a guideline to the generalized work set-up conditions considering an effect of selection of a top angle of work support blade, which was neglected in the conventional approximated analysis. A several experimental results prove applicability of the guideline.


The availability and employment potential of doctoral graduates in forest engineering and forest operations across North America is explored in this paper. Past graduation rates, along with current and future employer needs for these graduates were examined through a survey of University-based programs, private companies, and public agencies. The survey suggests that graduation rates for doctoral students are low across North America. Currently, academic openings exist at several Universities and suitable candidates for these positions are not currently available. The survey showed that only half of the students who graduated in the past ten years pursued an academic career after graduation. Based on noted graduation rates, the need for qualified doctoral graduates will steadily increase at many University-based programs.

Survey results of companies and public agencies suggest that the predominant public employer for graduates over the last ten years was the USDA Forest Service, although current attitudes within this agency may limit future employment opportunities. Private companies provide some opportunity for additional employment, although only the largest forest product companies seem willing to hire doctoral graduates. In this survey, only three of the surveyed companies had employees with a doctorate in forest operations or forest engineering.


Abstract : The field measurements during three arctic expeditions are summarized. In 1978 a research station was established on the ice in the central Chukchi Sea and measurements of temperature, salinity, and current were taken in the water column. In 1979 a station was established on the ice in Kane Basin, north of Thule, Greenland, and temperature and salinity profiles were obtained. Ice temperature was monitored at several depths near the camp.


In recentjewelry market,the identification of ambers turns into a puzzle because itis difficult to differentiate among treated ambers,treated copal resins and treated resins. IR, ESR and 13 C NMR testing methods are employed to the study on treated ambers( heat- treated or pressed) and treated resins. This study is focused on the analysis of the differentiation charater and 13 C NMR and the resonance spectral peak for the carbon functional groups.The results show that the spinning concentration of the stable free radical in the natural resin is closely associated with the aromatic concentration,and at the same time is controlled by the ge- ological period when it occurred,and the physiochemical environment which it existed in the post- petrification period. The clinkering in the late period,the polymerization and esterifica- tion and the unequal incorporation of foreign filling materials are the major causes of the changes in the spinning concentration of stable free radical and in the aromatic contents. The research results prove tentatively that the artificial polymerization,esterification or clinkering treatments may resulteasily in the faultbonds forthe unstable T- CH2 carbon functional group, adeps- methyl carbon functional group and aliphatic adaptor- oxygen carbon functional group. The corresponding 13 C NMR resonance peaks are the major basis for the differentiation between treated amber and treated resin.This study also shows thatthe relative contents of car- bonyl carbon functional group and adeps- methyl carbon functional group decrease with geologi- cal age increasing until they totally disappear,which may serve as the representative signifi- cance for the identification of the relative age of the natural resin.


Mister Wu Mengfu graduated from Wuxi National Academy College,was fond of writing old-style poems in which he combined the writing techniques of scholars and poets.The poems by Mister Wu are both elegant and popular,in the style of a combination of Tang and Song poems,which are fresh and delicate.In his poems,Mister Wu combined theory closely with practice,and expressed his patriotism and sincerity as an intellectual,sets a good example for younger generation.


The aims of this study were to describe the variation of microsatellite alleles of Aceh cattle. The blood
samples (160 samples) were collected from Aceh Besar, Pidie, North Aceh district and Banda Aceh city. For
the outgroup comparison, the blood samples were collected from 10 Bali cattle, two samples of each collected
from Madura, PO and Pesisir cattle. Sixteen markers were used for genotyping microsatellite DNA.
The molecular data were analyzed using Minitab 14.13, Mega4 and Arlequin 3.11 and Excel software. The
result of microsatellite analyses showed that the averages allele number per locus was 10,25 ± 2,07. The
percentage of the heterozygosity of Aceh cattle was higher than those of Bali Cattle, but lower compared to
those of Madura, PO and Pesisir cattle. Based on the microsatellite alleles analyses, the Aceh cattle were in
the same cluster as PO cattle and were in the same branch of the phylogeny tree as Pesisir and Madura
cattle.
Keywords: Aceh cattle, Allele, DNA, Microsatellite


Quantitative analytical procedures have been developed and described for the physical separation and subsequent determination of each ingredient present in medicinal preparations of which caffeine is in combination with one or more of the following agents: acetylsalicylic acid, phenacetin, codeine, acetanilid, quinine, sodium bicarbonate, sodium bromide, or aminopyrine.


We study the problem of approximation of functions ( , β ) -differentiable (in the Stepanets sense) whose ( , β ) -derivative belongs to the class H ↵ by biharmonic Poisson integrals in the uniform metric.


This paper presents a rare case of simultaneous malignant tumors of the femur and lung in a 14-year-old boy. He was referred to our department on April 1997, with swelling of the left thigh. X-ray findings revealed ill-defined bone destruction with periosteal reactive bone. MR image showed cortical destruction and extension of tumor into soft tissue with inhomogeneous signal. Simultaneously, a tumor of 5mm in diameter was detected in the S6 of the left lung by chest CT. Biopsy was performed, and histologic study of the tissue resulted in a diagnosis of osteosarcoma. He underwent above knee amputation following pre-operative chemotherapy. After post-operative chemotherapy, however, lung shadow was still present. It was suspected as metastatic osteosarcoma, and thoracoscopic resection was performed. The lung tumor was diagnosed histopathologically to be a moderately differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma. To our knowledge, only a few cases have been previously reported. The combination, therefore, appears to be very rare.


Commercial phonics packages often claim to be 'systematic' in their teaching of phonics perhaps with the inference that other methods are not. But what does it mean to be systematic? Is there more than one way to be systematic? We think so.


The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessmennt Tool) model is a hydrological model that has developed rapidly and has great influence in recent decades. It is mainly used to simulate and predict the impact of various management measures and climate change on the supply of water resources. The atmospheric input data used in the model is the SWAT Model China Atmospheric Assimilation Driven Dataset (CMADS). The data set introduces the Chinese land surface assimilation system, and uses various technical means such as data nesting, resampling, model estimation and bilinear interpolation to ensure the reliability of meteorological input data. The advantage of the CMADS series dataset over traditional meteorological data is that it provides a more complete dataset without missing values. In the process of hydrological modeling after the introduction of the physical model, the accuracy of the input data is constantly improving. Therefore, the CMADS series datasets will be very good hydrological model-driven data at this time.


The ability of several strains of Renibacterium salmoninarum to resist killing by rainbow trout macrophages for different periods of time was evaluated. Both virulent and avirulent strains survived and possibly multiplied within the phagocytic cells for 3-4 days, but thereafter a decrease in the number of viable bacteria occurred. The superoxide anion response of macrophages to stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was markedly reduced by the presence of R. salmoninarum. However, even though the macrophages were unable to kill R. salmoninarum prior to day 5 post-infection, the ability of these infected macrophages to kill Aeromonas salmonicida was still present, although impaired. The data suggest that mechanisms other than the O-2-mediated bactericidal system are important in killing R. salmoninarum.


The present Los Angeles Aqueduct System, completed in 1913, collects water from the mountain streams that flow from the easterly slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains, at points from 175 to 275 miles north of the city. An extension of this system, known as the Mono Basin Project, is now under construction. This project includes a collection system and a spring runoff storage reservoir located at Grant Lake, in the drainage area tributary to Mono Lake. A 12-mile tunnel is being constructed to convey the water from this drainage area to the head waters of the Owens river. The water will then flow in the river to a new storage reservoir in Long Valley, from which point it will again flow in the river until intercepted by the Aqueduct. The present Aqueduct has been reconditioned, principally by smoothing the interior surface for about one-third its length, in order to deliver the increased quantity of water that will be available. It is anticipated that a continuous flow of 450 cubic feet per second can be delivered to Los Angeles when the Mono Basin Project is in operation. Additional reservoir facilities, sufficiently close to Los Angeles to serve as terminal storage, were required in connection with this program of increased water supply. The best location for this storage was determined to be in Bouquet Canyon, lying about 3J miles easterly of the present Aqueduct, and at the proper elevation above the San Francisquito Canyon power plants to serve for power regulation as well as water storage. The storage capacity is 38,800 acre feet, 36,500 of which are available for use; this is sufficient to provide for 40 days flow in the Aqueduct at 450 c.f .s. The reservoir is connected with the present Aqueduct by 3? miles of 80to 94-inch diameter, all electric welded steel pressure pipe, and an eight foot, reinforced concrete lined, pressure tunnel 1120 feet long. The use of a single pipe line to serve as an inlet and outlet to the


Law no. 4 of 2009 on mineral and coal mining in its consideration states that "the minerals and coal contained in the territory of Indonesian mining law are non-renewable natural resources, therefore the management must be controlled by the State to provide real added value to the national economy" The word is controlled by the state becomes a phenomenon in this case on the basis of such controlled government can take over the ulayat land / customary land in which it contains mineral and coal mining. With the event of taking over the land of ulayat / adat land by the government which contains mineral and coal mining, it becomes a conflict between indigenous and tribal peoples with investors and the government in the absence of dialogue and repressive approach. The controlling of mining on customary / communal lands has juridical foundation namely Article 18 letter b paragraph 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945 Article 2 paragraph (4) and Article 5 of Law no. 5 of 1960 on the Basic Regulations of Agrarian Principles. An ulayat right is a right of legal partnership of the land inhabited while its exercise is carried out by the legal community itself or by the head of the fellowship in the name of the fellowship. The territory of the communion is the property of an essentially fixed partnership, ie the transfer of property rights to this territory is not permissible. Ulayat land / customary land is part of ulayat right. In principle, the land required for mining businesses located on customary communities of customary law, mining entrepreneurs shall conduct consultations with indigenous and tribal peoples to obtain an agreement on the delivery of land and the remuneration. Keywords— Mastery, Mining, Ulayat Land / Indigenous


The moisture sensitivity of collapsible soils can cause significant damage to constructions. There are collapsible soils all around the world, in the city of Petrolina-Brazil around 50% of the superficial soils have a median or high collapse susceptibility. Petrolina has the greatest socioeconomic development of the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco (PE). The objective of this study is to analyse the geomechanical behaviour of those collapsible soils in Petrolina-PE, using field and laboratory tests, with flooded and natural conditions. The developed geotechnical investigation program included: simple recognition poll, collection of undeformed and deformed samples, static and dynamic penetrometer tests, Light Weight Deflectometer (LDW) tests and collapsibility tests (expansocolapsometer). The laboratory tests were: chemical, physical, dispersity, microstructural and to analyse collapsibility, shear strength, point resistance and thrust coefficient at rest, during loading and flooded. The soil has a uniform silted sand and in its structure there are simple packaging pores, being therefore, truly collapsible, with maximum collapse occurring at 160 kPa tension. The collapse potential in field is smaller than in laboratory (25%), on the other hand the period to occur in field is superior that in laboratory. Flooding causes an 88% reduction in the Modulus of Elasticity, reducing also the shear strength and the point resistance. The thrust coefficient at rest increases during the flooding process, being superior to the obtained during the loading phases. The Static Cone Penetrometer (CPT), Dynamic Cone Penetrometer (DCPT) and Dynamic Plate Load Test (LWD) in association with the fine-walled oedometer cells contributes to evaluate the geotechnical behaviour of collapsible soils.


OBJECTIVE To prepare hydrochlorothiazide-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(hydrochlorothiazide-HP-β-CD) inclusion complex micro-porous osmotic pump tablets.METHODS The hydrochlorothiazide-HP-β-CD inclusion compound prepared by acid-base neutralization was characterized by infrared spectroscopy(IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR).Using accumulative drug release rate as the key index,single factor experiments were carried out to optimize such factors as the coating membrane formulation.The release in vitro of the optimized formulation was fitted to different models.RESULTS Hydrochlorothiazide inclusion compound micro-porous osmotic pump tablets obeyed the zero-order release mode in 12 hours and the cumulative release over 90%. CONCLUSION The hydrochlorothiazide-HP-β-CD inclusion compound micro-porous osmotic pump tablets can deliver drug constantly for 12 h based on the intermediate of hydrochlorothiazide-HP-β-CD inclusion complex.


Hierarchical image representation is multiscale decomposition of images which is proven very useful in automated faint astronomical source detection from optical images. Hierarchical image representation is typically done using tree data structure (i.e. max-tree), whose computational cost of construction highly depends on the resolution and the dynamic range of image. Efficient and fast tree construction is crucial here because the amount of optical imaging data is increasing exponentially, and the upcoming new giant telescopes such as European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT) will produce even more images. Here we investigate some of the recent developments in tree construction algorithms and optimization techniques that have significantly increased its computation speed.


The great changes will face the global civil aviation during next two decades. Huge number of aircraft will be decommissioned. New generation of the passenger planes will be invited to the flight operations. The paperless technologies will be implemented to the continuing airworthiness procedures. Artificial intelligence will be widely spread in the global civil aviation. New requirements for the education and training of the maintenance and air navigation staff should be based on the mentioned above.


Conditions are given on a process so that a shock model governed by the process will have nbue survival time. A related condition is given so that survival will be NBU and it is shown that a pure birth process satisfies this condition. A result of A-Hameed and Proschan is obtained as a corollary.


This study aims to describe the Management of Human Resources, especially the Management of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia, through a description of the influence of leadership style, work culture, and work satisfaction on employee engagement. Lack of discipline and employee work ethic, which can be seen from the number of employees who are late and skipping work, are still less concerned with their performance, thus showing an indication of low employee engagement. This research used explanative research with a quantitative approach. Data collection was carried out by survey using a questionnaire with a proportional sampling technique. This research worked together with 37 people from the Directorate General of Defense Forces, and 38 of them taken from the Directorate General of Defense Strategy (57.4%). The results of this study indicate (1) the leadership style has a direct positive effect on employee engagement. (2) Work culture has an immediate positive effect on Employee Engagement. (3) Work satisfaction has a direct positive effect on Employee Engagement. (4) Leadership style has a direct positive effect on work satisfaction. (5) Work culture has a direct positive effect on work satisfaction. (6) Leadership style has a direct positive effect on work culture. (7) Leadership style has a positive indirect effect on Employee Engagement through work culture. (8) Leadership style has an indirect effect on Employee Engagement through work satisfaction and (9) Work culture has a positive indirect effect on employee engagement through work satisfaction. Based on the results of the study concluded that leaders in the Ministry of Defense are advised to promote transformational leadership styles that are able to foster a positive work culture and increase work satisfaction of subordinates (State Civil Apparatus and Military). Also, implement them at various levels of leadership positions within the Ministry of Defense so that employee engagement can grow in all units and organizational levels of the Ministry of Defense. Keywords: leadership style, work culture, work satisfaction, employee engagement, the ministry of defense DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/68-04 Publication date: August 31 st 2020


The El Alizar project is located in the Cu-Au porphyry belt of northern Peru, specifically 19 km SW of the city of Huamachuco, in the province of Sanchez Carrion, La Libertad. The geological framework of the project is inscribed in the basin of the Western Cordillera of sedimentary sequences of the Cretaceous (Goyllarisquizga Group) that were subjected to multiple tectonic events that allowed the ascent of magmatic fluids generating several deposits (eg Lagunas Norte, Shahuindo, La Arena, La Virgen, El Toro).
This thesis is based on the work carried out (surface mapping, geochemical sampling and geological logging) by different companies that surveyed the area. In the analysis of this information, mineralogical characteristics were found that classify it as an Au-rich porphyry Cu deposit (average grade 0.25 g/T Au), i.e., the highest mineralization is found in A (4-5%) and B (4-6%) veins type in intrusions of dacitic composition within the potassium alteration with assemblage of secondary biotite, plagioclase, potassium feldspar and magnetite (5-7%). Areas with high Au values were correlated with veins A and B for macroscopic, microscopic descriptions and electronic scanning microscopy (SEM) analysis. The results obtained by these studies are able to clarify that the Au is associated with Cu-Fe sulfides (pyrite, chalcopyrite) and is able to explain, under the model of oxidation-reduction of magnetite conditions in a magmatic fluid that is initially Au unsaturated and confirm that the chemical composition of the magmatic fluid plays an important role in the precipitation of the Au in these Au-rich porphyry Cu deposits. Additionally, these preliminary results are helpful for future geometallurgical processes that can be used for processing and refining of gold and copper.


A positioning system using computer vision technologies isdesigned toobtain highprecision during wirebonding. The mainprocesses areon-line examining theposition ofachip beforebonding, calculating itslocating errors, and cooperating withcontrol system toeliminate these errors. Therefore, chips' accurate positions canbeobtained which canimprove thetechnology ofwirebonding. A novel optical imaging system isdesigned togetimages withhighquality. Micro-imaging systemconsists oftwolenses toachieve appropriate magnifying multiple andworking distance, which are4 anddistance is47mm,respectively. Illumination lens provides steady andsymmetrical lighting condition on working area.Normalized correlation imageregistration algorithm isapplied asthepattern recognition positioning algorithm ofwirebonder's vision system. Somesimulation experiments havebeencarried out,whichshowthatthe precision ofpattern recognition inthissystem is3.5ptm, whichsatisfies therequirements ofwirebonding.


This paper examines BDSM as performance as well as performative aspects of Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus and imagines a production of the play informed by the dynamics of BDSM.


Previous studies of slender viscoelastic and Newtonian free surface jets have focused mainly on steady state predictions, guided primarily by industrial textile applications. Dynamical analyses and simulations of fiber flows, even the linearized stability analysis of nontrivial steady states, have lagged behind considerable experimental and textile processing observations and advances. The foundational work of Chang and Lodge [Rheol. Acta., 10 (1971), pp. 448–449] and Petrie [Rheol. Acta., 14 (1975), pp. 955–957], [Elongational Flows, Pitman, London, 1979] has been extended by the axisymmetric modeling and simulation of Beris and Liu [J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 26 (1988), pp. 363–394], [Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 76 (1989), pp. 179–204], for Maxwell fluids, and Markovich and Renardy [J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., 17 (1985), pp. 13–22] for Johnson–Segalman fluids. The model in [Markovich and Renardy] is a single, nonlinear parabolic equation in which elastic retardation provides dominant smooth...


Intergenerational Storytelling and Transhistorical Trauma: Old Women in Contemporary Canadian Fiction Jodie Lynne Salter Advisor: University of Guelph, 2012 Dr. Julie Cairnie Intergenerational Storytelling and Transhistorical Trauma: Old Women in Contemporary Canadian Fiction examines fictional representations of intergenerational storytelling exchanges between old diasporic women and younger characters. Focusing on three Japanese Canadian novels and two Caribbean Canadian novels, written post1970s, I examine the intergenerational tensions between telling personal and collective traumas of the past and maintaining silences within the family. Hiromi Goto's Chorus of Mushrooms, Joy Kogawa's Obasan, Darcy Tamayose's Odori, Shani Mootoo's Cereus Blooms at Night, and David Chariandy's Soucouyant provide multiple generational and cultural optics through which to address how the past continues to reside within and inform the present moment, and thus impact one's subjectivity and sense of belonging or dislocation. These novels characterize old racialized women in Canada as complex figures who disrupt assumptions about memory and madness, and I argue their stories contribute important cultural perspectives to theories in social and critical ageing and trauma studies. Drawing together work in literary trauma studies with narrative theory, I investigate the challenges and implications of articulating different types of trauma within the literary genre of the novel. This study analyzes different narrative structures and strategies that emulate the symptoms of traumatic 'belatedness' and provide readers with an understanding of 'reciprocal storytelling' as a means of 'bearing witness' to personal and transhistorical trauma. However, I query the ethics of the listening-telling relationships characterized within these novels that explicitly identify the old woman as the storyteller and yet her voice and stories are often only rendered through a young character's voice. In instances, reciprocity between characters affords an articulation of the past that enables a collaborative development of new subjectivities, whereas in other cases, dementia complicates the narrative exchanges and a younger teller, personally invested in telling his/her own story, must negotiate a path between appropriation of voice and imaginative transformations. This dissertation posits a careful consideration of age perspective within intergenerational cross-cultural interpersonal relations, and I argue these storytelling engagements highlight the impact of difference, temporality, and transhistorical transmissions.


Thermopipe is a new device for saving energy and transmitting quantity of heat. The paper expounds the working principle of thermopipe and introduces its application in the suspend electromagnetic separators with English system high performance along with its advantage and defect analysis


The Renewable Fuel Standard has helped to increase the amount of biofuels consumed in the United States while also contributing to increased grain/oilseed price volatility. The nested structure created values biofuels differently based on arbitrary characteristics. Biodiesel has been an important biofuel for blenders dealing with mandate compliance in both 2011 and 2013. In 2011, increased sugarcane ethanol prices forced increased biodiesel demand and hence prices, resulting in biodiesel exceeding its mandate for the first time and competing for the remainder of the advanced biofuel mandate. Similarly, in 2013 excess biodiesel was utilized to help breach the ethanol blend wall causing RIN prices to converge. In both years it caused short term excess biodiesel plant profit as they took advantage of higher prices while input costs were not increased as rapidly.


Purpose
This viewpoint aims to discuss some potential problems of institutional approaches such as social value creation in India and China.

Design/methodology/approach
In this viewpoint, institutional approaches as social value creation in India and China have been discussed and compared.

Findings
Government-driven institutional approaches may not be efficient because the involvement of political interests would prevail in countries with low institutional quality, firms focusing on international markets need to adopt global guidelines and regulatory guidelines set by governments and private sectors could ignore the differences and needs of various stakeholders.

Originality/value
This viewpoint argues the importance of communications and collaborations among governments, private sectors and other stakeholders in creating social values.


Ferroelectric materials are highly sensitive to grain size reduction because strain and ferroelectric polarization have a direct connection. Using 15 nm (Ba,Sr)TiO3 particles obtained by advanced supercritical synthesis and their densification by high‐pressure spark plasma sintering under air, reproducible and dense nanostructured ceramics are achieved. Taking advantage of the high pressure (up to 600 MPa) applied during the sintering step, the internal stress generated at the grain scale can be monitored to compensate for the particle surface stress due to size effect. Both the local dynamics observed by Raman scattering and the overall dielectric behavior consistently indicate a recovery of the ferroelectric properties as the sintering pressure is increased. This unique behavior shows that low‐temperature and high‐pressure processing enables designing nanostructured functional ceramics exhibiting original properties.


The use of chest compressions in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have been viewed to cause a potential damage to the outflow graft and hence have been a topic of controversy. We report a case of a LVAD patient who needed chest compressions during resuscitation for severe right ventricular failure. With the presence of trans-esophageal echocardiogram we noticed that the chest compressions did not need to be full ACLS compressions but modified to gentle right ventricular (RV) compressions in order to move blood into a normally functioning LVAD. We report this as a call for the LVAD medical providers to rethink concepts of standard resuscitation.


This text presents and comments on 80 exemplary ethics statements from leading corporations and organizations worldwide. It offers these seven principles to follow in developing such statements: write it; tailor it; communicate it; promote it; revise it; live it; and enforce/reinforce it.


PURPOSE: To obtain a composition which is used for filling vias of a circuit carrier and the like and causes little shrinkage when cured, without a solder being wicked into vias or through holes, by incorporating a large amount of a conductive powder into an epoxy or cyanate binder composition. CONSTITUTION: The fill composition consists of (A) about 35 to about 95 wt.%, preferably about 60 to about 92 wt.%, of conductive powder and (B) about 5 to about 65 wt.%, preferably about 8 to about 40 wt.%, of a binder, where the component B comprises (C) about 25 to about 100 wt.% of an alicyclic epoxy resin, a novolack epoxy resin and/or a cyanate ester resin, (D) 0 to about 75 wt.% of a curing agent (about 25 to about 75 wt.% when the resin is an alicyclic epoxy resin) and (E) a catalyst in an amount sufficient to accelerate the curing of the resin. When this fill composition is filled into the vias and through holes of a circuit carrier and cured, the shrinkage percentage is less than about 0.8%. COPYRIGHT: (C)1995,JPO


Prevention is better than cure. The prediction is a very important aspect of Medicinal services. Forecasting of heart disease is one of the most demanding issues ina Medicinal services. Applications of Data Mining Techniques in the Health Care sector are increasing. Neural Network (NN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Random Forest (RF) and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) are some of the Data Mining Classification Techniques. Enhanced Gradient Boosting (EGB) is Data Mining Classification Model which is extended from XGB. The proposed research is estimated utilizing the Statistical Metrics (Accuracy, Precision, Recall, and F1-Measure) and ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) curve results obtained for performance comparison. The result shows that the ROC (Area Under Curve) obtained for EGB is higher than the ROC (Area Under Curve) obtained for all other Data Mining Classification methods. The Precision value is high when it encounters with EGB.


The purpose of this study was to assess the physiological and psychological impact of contemporary dance classes on adolescent females. Fifty‐five females, aged 14 were recruited from secondary schools in the UK. The intervention constituted a program of contemporary dance classes with an emphasis on building muscular strength. Full ethics approval was granted by a Higher Education institutional Research Ethics Committee. A series of physiological and psychological assessments were undertaken pre and post the dance intervention: upper body strength, flexibility, aerobic fitness, self‐esteem, intrinsic motivation, and attitudes toward dance and group physical activities were measured using standard procedures. A paired t‐test was used to analyse changes between pre‐ to post‐testing. There was a statistical increase in areas of physical fitness. Aerobic capacity and upper body strength increased significanlty (p=0.001 and 0.002 respectively). No significant change occurred in flexibility. Self Esteem statistically increased (p=0.01). No change occurred in Intrinsic Motivation, however motivation scores were higher than average at pre‐test stage. Attitudes towards dance were very positive both pre‐ and post‐intervention. This study showed that dance can statistically improve components of physical fitness, and psychological well‐being. Participants demonstrated positive attitudes towards dance.


Studies from several countries have shown increased suicide mortality rates among farmers as compared to non-farmer citizens. Research has shown that farmers often face psychosocial problems resulting from business operations and financial problems. However, there are hardly European studies on these potential problems. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the psychosocial health and health services use among farmers in The Netherlands.

 A qualitative study including 16 semi-structured interviews with farmers in eastern Netherlands. The interview guide was based on the health care use process model of Levesque. Interviews were verbatim transcribed and thematically analyzed in MAXQDA.

 This study identified several risk conditions for psychosocial health problems related to the social and occupational position of farmers, including: financial problems, persistently high work pressure, negative public views towards farming, uncertainties due to continuously changing regulations, traditional attitudes emphasizing stoicism and hard work, and lack of support from nearby farmers. Farmers are often not seeking help for psychosocial problems, due to underestimation of their own health needs, lack of knowledge and confidence in professional support, and difficult in using and finding support tailored to their needs.

 This study for eastern Netherlands revealed several themes contributing to a high risk of farmers to develop psychosocial problems, and low use of appropriate mental health and social services.

 Farmers are at increased risk of psychosocial problems, due to social and work-related conditions. Nonetheless, these farmers were less likely to find and use health and social services. This implies an urgent need for the development of services that provide appropriate psychological support to farmers in the Netherlands.


Often lurking below the surface of many clinical ethical issues are questions regarding background metaphysical, epistemological, meta-ethical, and political beliefs. In this issue, authors critically examine the effects of background beliefs on conscientious objection, explore ethical issues through the lenses of particular theoretical approaches like pragmatism and intersectional theory, rigorously explore the basic concepts at play within the patient safety movement, offer new theoretical approaches to old problems involving decision making for patients with dementia, explicate and explore the problems and promises of machine learning in medicine, and offer us a non-rights-based argument for the just distribution of healthcare resources.


line, and from a book so brazenly consumed with race in America. The decision to move up the book's publication date, thereby suggesting the ways it would speak to an immediate crisis and to American culture more broadly, only heightened our expectations that it would be more. Among other elements, Between the World makes clear, conclusively, that we need not sift through the absurdity of white supremacy in an attempt to locate useful elements of American society ever again. It also makes clear that we do need, still, to develop a faculty that reflects and considers the special imperatives of those distinctly black experiences in America that allow us to think and act otherwise. Finally, it reveals that the epistolary memoir as protest, because of its concern with identity politics and its attachment to individualism, cannot take us there. That form's limited and too-often thin critique of structural failures cannot agitate the critical fault lines that affect seismic shifts and lasting change. Even if we concede the permanence of racism, as Between the World seems to do in the tradition of Derrick Bell's Faces at the Bottom of the Well, we must continue to believe that something better is possible if we but do our part as readers, writers, and thinkers to help usher it in. Finding a form capable of our strivings just may be our biggest challenge. Surely, if we meet that challenge, it will be among our finest achievements.


The function PL(z)=1+z maps the unit disc D={z∈C:|z|<1} to a leminscate which is symmetric about the x-axis. The conditions on the parameters α and n, for which the associated Laguerre polynomial (ALP) Lnα maps unit disc into the leminscate domain, are deduced in this article. We also establish the condition under which a function involving Lnα maps D to a domain subordinated by ϕNe(z)=1−z+z3/3, ϕe(z)=ez, and ϕA(z)=1+Az, A∈(0,1]. We provide several graphical presentations for a clear view of some of the obtained results. The possibilities for the improvements of the results are also highlighted.


The theme for the 31st Annual Meeting of the Society for Literature, Science, and the Arts, which took place at Arizona State University in Tempe was "Out of Time". Areas examined over the course of the four days from November 9-12 included nonhuman temporalities, species extinction, life after humans, time in relation to biopolitics, and time and capital.


A new process to produce potassium sulfate and by product FeCl 2 from ferrous sulfate and potassium chloride using liquid liquid double decomposition reaction was studied. A two step extraction process had been developed. Iron was extracted first and then chloride was extracted. Finally, potassium sulfate for agriculture was produced.


Clinical guidelines are associated with improved patient outcomes. This is especially true for junior staff members with little clinical experience. We created Pocket Guidelines for the management of surgical patients in ED, aimed at house officers.

 Seventeen common surgical conditions were selected for guidelines. Information was collated on presentation, exam findings, differential diagnosis, laboratory tests, imaging, indications for referral, and timing. Evidence based guidelines were approved by General Surgical consultants in the department. The utility of our guidelines was assessed by surveying 20 junior doctors.

 16 out of 20 house officers responded to the survey, ranging from post graduate year (PGY) 1 to 4, majority of them (37.5%) being PGY1. 69% were female and 31% were male.
 A 5- point Likert scale was utilised for answers. No house officers 'strongly agreed' with being confident in managing surgical conditions in ED. Over 80% strongly agreed with the need to have ED clinical guidelines for surgical patients. Over 90% of house officers, having studied the pocket guidelines, found these useful.

 We implemented pocket guidelines for general surgery in a rural hospital ED to streamline surgical admissions. Guidelines were found to be beneficial by the majority of junior doctors.


The reflection nebula NGC 2023 was observed by a rocket-borne long-slit imaging spectrograph in the 900-1400 Å bandpass on 2000 February 11. A spectrum of the star, as well as that of the nebular scattered light, was recorded. Through the use of a Monte Carlo modeling process, the scattering properties of the dust were derived. The albedo is low, 0.2-0.4, and decreasing toward shorter wavelengths, while the phase function asymmetry parameter is consistent with highly forward-scattering grains, g ~ 0.85. The decrease in albedo, while the optical depth increases to shorter wavelengths, implies that the far-UV rise in the extinction curve is due to an increase in absorption efficiency.


OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion in patients reported in Orthodontic department Lahore medical and dental collage (LMDC). STUDY DESIGN cross sectional study. PLACE OF STUDY Orthodontic department Lahore medical and dental collage Lahore. DURATION Six month study span MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical examination of of 1055 patients by using Angle's classification ( 665 Girls and 390 Boys) RESULTS Class I malocclusion was found in 21.13% out of Total sample. Class II malocclusion found in 54.23% and class III malocclusion prevalence found in 9.1% of sample .Non of statistically significant differences found in distribution of malocclusion between males and females. CONCLUSION Class II malocclusion was dominant in patients reported Orthodontic department of LMDC.


Lack of motivation, commitment and effort of some students is one of the current
problems of teaching. Education through the traditional methods, based on
exposure and memorization of contents, has not solved these problems.
In order to deal with the problem, new educational methodologies are introduced.
One of these methodologies is problem-based learning. It is a methodology based on the constructivist pedagogical theory. This methodology gives importance to
students in their own learning process, who acquire knowledge and skills through
the development of projects that attract their curiosity and enhance student
motivation. This methodology also connects teaching with reality.
What this project pretends is to provide a useful tool for teachers and to make
learning about eolic energy easier for high school students in a motivating and useful
framework. The development of a project divided into different stages will be
proposed, and the activities that make up the project, the necessary resources and
finally an evaluation of the expected results, as well as the possibility to respond to
existing problems will be analyzed.
The expected results of the project have not been checked, although there is evidence which proves that this methodology can improve the learning process of students, since it is practical and stimulating for them.


1Department of Astronomy, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 2Konkoly Observatory, ELKH Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Budapest, Hungary 3ELKH-ELTE Extragalactic Research Group, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary 4Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Shanghai, China 5Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu, China 6Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC, Dwingeloo, The Netherlands 7Department of Astrodynamics and Space Missions, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands 8Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, INAF, Merate, Italy


Starting from several monthly data sets of Rosetta's COmetary Pressure Sensor, we reconstruct the gas density in the coma around comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. The underlying inverse gas model is constructed by fitting ten thousands of measurements to thousands of potential gas sources distributed across the entire nucleus surface. The ensuing self-consistent solution for the entire coma density and surface activity reproduces the temporal and spatial variations seen in the data for monthly periods with Pearson correlation coefficients of 0.93 and higher. For different seasonal illumination conditions before and after perihelion, we observe a systematic shift of gas sources on the nucleus.


Objective To evaluate the urodynamic studies on diabetic patients with lower urinary tract symptoms(LUTS) and make clear the urodynamic expression of diabetic patients.Methods Urodynamic studies were performed in 48 diabetic patients(age range from 32 to 74 years;36 male and 12female).39 cases had been diagnosed diabetes at the first time and 9 cases were diagnosed diabetes after admission.The diabetic history of the patients was from first finding after admission to 30 years.Results Of the 48 cases who underwent all items of urodynamic examination,68.8% of cases had abnormal findings and 31.2% of cases were normal.The detrusor underactivity and areflexia took up respectively 45% and 18% in abnormal cases.In all of cases,23 cases(48%) had obviously dull sensation of bladder and 38 cases had satisfactory results in pressure flow study.BOO accounted for 46.8% in male patients.Conclusion Urodynamic studies in diabetic patients with LUTS may provide helpful information about early diagnosis and early treatment.Preoperative urodynamic studies contribute to the surgical success rate and improve the quality of life.


A novel self-adhesive silicone rubber composition is disclosed which gives a cured silicone rubber capable of being firmly bonded to the surface of various kinds of substrate materials even without the pre-treatment of the substrate surface with a primer so that the composi tion is useful as a coating material in the preparation of a silicone rubber-coated cloth advantageous in respect of the firm adhesion of the cured silicone rubber layer to the substrate cloth. The composition is characterized by the formulation of a unique component which is an organosilane compound having an isocyanato-contain ing group and a hydrolyzable group in a molecule such as 3-isocyanatopropyl trimethoxy silane.


With the development of multi-dimensional and high-resolution about seismic exploration technology,and the expansion of seismic data rapidly,the problem of compression is more and more important.The compression technology of seismic exploration echo data has been studied in the paper.The analysis method adopted morphology manly and wavelet assistantly substitutes the single wavelet analysis to the potential rule research of seismic signal aimed at the distinct morphological grain characteristic of seismic signal,and the new generation seismic data compression algorithm based on morphological wavelet been designed.


Taking the Liu Ji 's former residence for example,this report is to discuss a new pattern of protection and development former residence and put forward a design idea of application feng shui culture and paradise scene and hebhiter natural landscape to scenic area planning of elebrities former residence.


The past 40 years have been increasingly spent applying the entire range of the sciences worldwide to finding solutions to society′s problems, both technological and economic. It is argued that the result is a two‐tier workforce – the first relatively secure and independent by virtue of its ability to accommodate to the new knowledge, the second lacking the first′s advantages and dependent on it. It is claimed that the incomes of those in the second tier in the US have been falling, and that the children of families from this tier are likely to find themselves being even less advantaged in the future as they become the workers of tomorrow.


Summary form only given, as follows. This paper presents an assessment of knowledge management based on the experience of several consulting companies.


In the present study a general criterion for local thermal equilibrium is presented in term of parameters of engineering importance which include the Darcy number, the effective Prandtl number of fluid, and the Reynolds number. For this, an order of magnitude analysis is performed for the case when the effect of convection heat transfer is dominant in a porous structure. The criterion proposed in this study is more general than the previous criterion suggested by Carbonell and Whitaker, because the latter is applicable only when conduction is the dominant heat transfer mode in a porous medium while the former can be applied even when convection heat transfer prevails. In order to check the validity of the proposed criterion for local thermal equilibrium, the forced convection phenomena in a porous medium with a microchanneled structure subject to an impinging jet are studied using a similarity transformation. The proposed criterion is also validated with the existing experimental and numerical results for convection heat transfer in various porous materials that include some of the parameters used in the criterion such as a microchannel heat sink with a parallel flow, a packed bcd, a cellular ceramic, and a sintered metal. It is shown that the criterion presented in this work well-predicts the validity of the assumption of local thermal equilibrium in a porous medium.


Gallstone disease is revealed in 10–20% of the population with a clear tendency to affect the younger population. In a clinically manifested course, cholecystectomy remains the treatment of choice. Symptoms and signs persist or even become more severe after gallbladder surgery in 10-15% of cases ("postcholecystectomy syndrome"). Postcholecystectomy syndrome includes heterogeneous disorders of liver, pancreas, duodenum, sphincter of Oddi, etc. that can be associated with errors or negative consequences of surgical intervention. Often, symptoms may persist because of previously unrecognized chronic diseases of neighboring organs. The spectrum of effective conservative measures is rather limited. The Advisory Board was held on May 4, 2019, in Almaty (Kazakhstan) to re-estimate the definitions and categories related to the issue of the postcholecystectomy syndrome and to develop the diagnostic and treatment algorithm for patients with the postcholecystectomy dysfunction of the sphincter of Oddi. The statements discussed by the interdisciplinary team of gastroenterologists and surgeons were addressed to general practitioners, therapists, gastroenterologists, and surgeons. The Advisory Board emphasized that organic and functional biliary diseases manifest mainly by biliary pain, main characteristics of which were defined in the Rome IV consensus based on the statistical analysis of a large pool of clinical data. For a more accurate bile duct system assessment and the exclusion of cholelithiasis, the examination algorithm was proposed, which included abdominal ultrasound investigation, endoscopic ultrasound investigation of the pancreatobiliary area, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Diagnostic algorithm for differentiation of functional biliary disorders from organic gastrointestinal pathology was developed. Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction may be considered as a postcholecystectomy syndrome manifestation in 1.5-3% of cases. Apart from rational nutrition, conservative management of functional gastrointestinal diseases implies  pharmacological therapy. The efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, prokinetics, nitrates, antispasmodics, calcium channel antagonists, botulinum toxin, and hymecromone was demonstrated in previous studies. Papillosphincterotomy is not effective in relieving biliary pain in cases of the sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. The proposed algorithm for the management of patients with the postcholecystectomy syndrome was presented.


Palicourea aeneofusca (Mull. Arg.) Standl. is a toxic plant which contains sodium monofluoroacetate (MFA). With the objective to investigate if repeated non-toxic doses of P. aeneofusca induce resistance to the intoxication by this plant, 12 goats were distributed in two similar groups. In Group 1, resistance was induced by the administration of the dry plant, during four alternate periods: 0.02g/kg during 5 days, 0.02g/kg during 5 days, 0.03g/kg during 5 days, and 0.03g/kg during 5 days. Between the first and second period of administration and between the second and the third period, the goats did not ingest P. aeneofusca for 10 days. Between the third and the fourth administration period the goats did not ingest the plant during 15 days. One goat died suddenly during the third administration period when was ingesting 0.03g/kg. The goats from Group 2 were not adapted to the consumption of P. aeneofusca. Fifteen days after the end of the adaptation period in Group 1, both groups ingested dry P. aeneofusca in the daily dose of 0.03g/kg during 19 days. From day 20 the daily dose was increased to 0.04g/kg, which was ingested for 12 days. The goats that showed clinical signs were removed from the experiment immediately after the observation of first signs. One goat from Group 2 showed clinical signs of poisoning and died on the 12th day of ingestion, and two showed clinical signs on day 24th; one recovered and the other died. At the end of the 31 days administration period, a new group (Group 3) with three goats was introduced in the experiment to investigate if the goats that did not become poisoned in Group 2 had acquired resistance. The three goats from Group 1, five goats from Group 1, and three from Group 2 started to ingest a daily dose of 0.06g/kg of dry P. aeneofusca. On the third day of ingestion the three goats from Group 3 showed clinical signs. Two died suddenly and another recovered 10 days after the end of ingestion. All goats of Groups 1 and 2 ingested 0.06g/kg/day during nine days without showing clinical signs. These results demonstrated that non-toxic repeated doses of P. aeneofusca increase significantly the resistance to the poisoning, and that this technique possibly could be used to control the poisoning by P. aeneofusca or other toxic Palicourea species. The results of previous research work suggest that resistance is due to the proliferation of MFA degrading bacteria in the rumen.