Among the many medical applications of systems biology, we contend that infectious disease is one of the most important and tractable targets. We take the view that the complexity of the immune system is an inevitable consequence of its evolution, and this complexity has frustrated reductionist efforts to develop host-directed therapies for infection. However, since hosts vary widely in susceptibility and tolerance to infection, host-directed therapies are likely to be effective, by altering the biology of a susceptible host to induce a response more similar to a host who survives. Such therapies should exert minimal selection pressure on organisms, thus greatly decreasing the probability of pathogen resistance developing. A systems medicine approach to infection has the potential to provide new solutions to old problems: to identify host traits that are potentially amenable to therapeutic intervention, and the host immune factors that could be targeted by hostdirected therapies. Furthermore, undiscovered sub-groups with different responses to treatment are almost certain to exist among patients presenting with life-threatening infection, since this population is markedly clinically heterogeneous. A major driving force behind high-throughput clinical phenotyping studies is the aspiration that these subgroups, hitherto opaque to observation, may be observed in the data generated by new technologies. Subgroups of patients are unlikely to be static – serial clinical and biological phenotyping may reveal different trajectories through the pathophysiology of disease, in which different therapeutic approaches are required. We suggest there are two major goals for systems biology in infection medicine: (1) to identify subgroups of patients that share treatable features; and, (2) to integrate high-throughput data from clinical and in vitro sources in order to predict tractable therapeutic targets with the potential to alter disease trajectories for individual patients. Addresses a Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK b Intensive Care Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SA, UK Corresponding author: Baillie, J. Kenneth (firstname.lastname@example.com) w Current Opinion in Systems Biology 2017, 2:139–145 This review comes from a themed issue on Cancer and systemic diseases (2017) Edited by Dan Landau and Luonan Chen For a complete overview see the Issue and the Editorial Available online 27 April 2017 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coisb.2017.04.003 2452-3100/© 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an ww.sciencedirect.com open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.o rg/licenses/by/4.0/).


In this paper, the effect of environmental temperature on the damping properties of an oil damper is discussed. The oil damper can broadly be classified into two groups according to the generating mechanism of damping: viscous and nonviscous dampers. The viscous oil damper is a linear dashpot, whose damping is proportional to both the viscosity of oil and the velocity of vibrating members (usually piston). Whereas, the nonviscous oil damper is non-linear damper, whose damping is proportional to the density of oil and the velocity squared of the piston. Most of oil dampers are designed as a nonviscous damper, because it is considered that the damping force of the nonviscous oil damper is less dependent on the environmental temperature. We carefully examine the dependence of the damping force of the nonviscous oil damper on temperature. The experimental result shows that the dependence of the damping on the temperature is fairly large when the damper is driven at low velocity condition.


This article lays out a framework for country risk analysis and early warning drawing on the methodologies developed by the Country Indicators for Foreign Policy Project (CIFP – www.carleton.ca/cifp). Special attention is given to the identifi cation of failed and fragile states using the CIFP state fragility index, and how the latter compares to other such indices. The rest of the paper proceeds in four parts. In the second section, we provide some concepts and defi nitions as they relate to early warning, state failure and country risk. The third section assesses structural risk indicators and events based monitoring methodologies. The fourth section provides a comparative ranking of countries, some initial fi ndings and results for the Middle East and North Africa. The fi fth and fi nal section concludes by discussing the policy implications of the analysis.


Four children are murdered every day in Brazil. While the general murder rate has decreased in Rio de Janeiro since 1990, more children are being murdered: 306 died in 1991, 424 last year, and in the first six months of this year the number leapt to 298. Sao Paulo and Recife are not far behind.
 The grim statistics usually get tucked away in the crime pages of the tabloids. Last week, however, when eight street children were shot dead in the centre of Rio the news shocked even Brazil.
 The circumstances were especially macabre. The children, aged between 11 and 17, all poor and most of them black, were shot around midnight as they huddled by an elegant fountain in a prominent square named after Pope Pius χ. The five gunmen carried out their assault in the shadows of the Nossa Senhora da Candelaria, a floodlit 18th-century Catholic church which serves as one of Rio's prettiest postcards and a favoured spot for society weddings.


The flow of a suspension system with glass microspheres in polymer EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate) melts system was studied in a capillary rheometer. The slip velocity was determined by Mooney technique. A modified slip law describing the slip velocity as a function of the wall shear stress and particle concentration was proposed and employed to describe the flow behavior of the suspension system.


Porous membranes of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were prepared by nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) and evaluated for the first time for the filtration in high temperature solvents and other harsh environments. The PET was recycled from commercial water bottles. The morphology, pore size, and pore density were optimized by varying the composition of the polymer concentration in the casting solution, the solvent, and the nonsolvent bath in conditions of controlled humidity and temperature. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of 0.2 and 1 kg mol–1 was used as an additive and pore inducing agent. The filtration performance of the membranes was tested under different solvents and temperatures. The obtained PET membranes were successfully applied for ultrafiltration with a MWCO of 40 kg mol–1 in dimethylformamide (DMF) at temperatures up to 100 °C. PET membranes were found to be resistant to a wide variety of solvents as well as in chlorine and acid medium. They could be used as porous support ...


To behave adaptively, we must learn from the consequences of our actions. Studies using event-related potentials (ERPs) have been informative with respect to the question of how such learning occurs. These studies have revealed a frontocentral negativity termed the feedback-related negativity (FRN) that appears after negative feedback. According to one prominent theory, the FRN tracks the difference between the values of actual and expected outcomes, or reward prediction errors. As such, the FRN provides a tool for studying reward valuation and decision making. We begin this review by examining the rror-related negativity (ERN) vent-related potentials (ERPs) emporal difference learning nterior cingulate cortex neural significance of the FRN. We then examine its functional significance. To understand the cognitive processes that occur when the FRN is generated, we explore variables that influence its appearance and amplitude. Specifically, we evaluate four hypotheses: (1) the FRN encodes a quantitative reward prediction error; (2) the FRN is evoked by outcomes and by stimuli that predict outcomes; (3) the FRN and behavior change with experience; and (4) the system that produces the FRN is maximally engaged by volitional actions. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


AbstractThis article reports qualitative interviews from an ethnographic study that explored in part, the health seeking behaviors of and for older Hmong Americans with chronic illness. The study occurred over a 36-month period in the St. Paul / Minneapolis area of Minnesota. The majority of interviews were conducted in the Hmong language and lasted approximately three hours. Participants included 35 older Hmong Americans living independently with chronic illness. The majority of these older adults were female (n=25, 80%) with a mean age of 78.43 years. Interviews also included 33 family members (n=25 female,75.75%) with a mean age of 75.75 years, who provided a minimum of eight hours of in-home care for an older Hmong American with chronic illness. Due to the significant role of shamans in the spiritual well-being of older adults, three shamans (two male, and one female) were also interviewed. All (mean age 83, range 65-99) had been "chosen" to become a shaman while living in Laos and had resided in the United States an average of 4 years 5 months (range: 1 month to 13 years). All shamans reported having an active practice, with comments such as "I have so many [patients] I do not count." More specifically, one shaman stated that he performed 20 to 40 healing ceremonies per year. One shaman explained his role by stating "I heal the weak and the lost spirit." The majority of older Hmong Americans (74.29%) and family caregivers (57.58) had retained the spiritual beliefs of animism and ancestor worship. Findings report that 18 (51.43%) older Hmong Americans compared to 21 (63.3%) family caregivers sought the services of both a physician and a shaman for treatment of the older person's chronic illness. Fourteen (40%) older Hmong Americans compared to ten (30.30%) family caregivers sought the services of a physician alone. Only 3 (8.57%) older Hmong Americans compared to 2 (6.06%) caregivers consulted the services of a shaman alone. Many older adults and family caregivers voluntarily discussed the important role of shamanism during the Hmong New Year in promoting the spiritual well-being of family members throughout the coming year. In conclusion, although Hmong Americans have access to biomedicine, the majority of participants continued to utilize shamanic ceremonies in combination with biomedicine. The reliance on shamanism became stronger when biomedicine was viewed as having limited effectiveness or when the cause of the affliction was perceived as being spiritual in nature.Keywords: Hmong Americans, health and medicine, shamanismBACKGROUNDThe earliest written documentation shows the ancestors of the Hmong people living in China in 2700 B.C. During the 19th century, groups of Hmong began migrating to remote areas of Vietnam, Laos, Burma, and Thailand to avoid Chinese domination (Culas & Michaud, 2004). Prior to the Vietnam War the Laotian Hmong maintained a relatively self-sufficient agrarian lifestyle in the remote highlands of Laos. In the 1960s, the war in Vietnam covertly spread into Northeastern Laos, the geographic area inhabited by substantial numbers of Hmong people. Hmong men and boys living in villages were recruited by the Pathet Lao communists on one side and the Royal Lao Army with support of the United States Central Intelligence Agency on the other (Hamilton-Merritt, 2006).For some Hmong, the decision to form an alliance with the United States was based on the threat that communism posed to their autonomy and cultural identity. In 1975, following the United States withdrawal from the war, many of those Hmong choosing to come to the United States and other host countries did so not only to save their physical lives, but also to preserve their cultural identity (Lemoine, 1986, p. 337). For many their spiritual beliefs of animism and ancestor worship are strongly entwined with cultural identity.Hmong Americans constitute a growing number of the United States population, with 260,078 Hmong living in all 50 states plus District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. …


Objective:To analysis the case of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of extrahepatic bile duct cholangiocarcinoma, and discuss the values of ERCP,CT,MRCP and US in order to improve the ability in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma.Methods:Thirty-one patients with extrahepatic bile duct cholangiocarcinoma are evaluated.Thirty-one cases are examined with ERCP, 31 with US, 25 with CT,11 with MRCP.The signs are analyzed respectively.Results:Twenty-five cases are hilar type. Six cases are distal duct type.At first ERCP,2 cases show the filling defects because of blood clots in the bile ducts,next cholangiograms show the tumors by drainage catheter.Four cases accompany stones.Primary accuracy of the diagnosis is 90.3%.Eleven cases show the lesion with MRCP,and 2 lesins can not be shown clearly. In MRCP images stones of bile duct are present.Twenty-three (23/25) patients have dilated intrahepatic bile duct in CT.The mass is shown in 9 cases and 2 cases have retroperitoneal metastatic lymph node. One case shows liver metastases. Primary accuracy of the diagnosis is 48%. In US dilated intrahepatic bile duct are found in 23 patients, stones of common bile duct in 6 cases, cholecystitis and cholecystolithiasis in 18 cases, cholangiocarcinoma in 8 cases(25.8%).Conclusion:Direct cholangiography is the golden criteria in diagnosing cholangiocarcinoma. MRCP is now able to visualize the location and intraluminal extent of the lesion. The key of CT diagnosis is location and the intra- and extrahepatic biliary duct dilatation. The hilar obstruction is almost caused by cholangiocarcinoma.The combination of CT,ERCP,and MRCP is emphasized in evaluating cholangiocarcinoma.


RELATIONSHIP OF ASSOCIATION TO AGENCY FOR INTRODUCTION OF PATIENTS Motion by NORTH GLAMORGAN AND BRECKNOCK: That (with reference to para. 19 of Annual Report of Council) the practice of the British Medical Bureau in relation to advertisements in the lay press and to the payment by practitioners to the Bureau of a proportion of fees received from patients is to be regretted. Motion by BRISTOL: That in the opinion of the Representative Body it shall be regarded as unethical behaviour on the part of any member who pays or agrees to pay a commission for the introduction of a patient. B.M.A. ARTICLE 17 Motion by LEINSTER: That (with reference to para. 42 of the Annual Report of Council) Article 17 of the Association be amended by insertion after the word " Division," in the third and fourth lines, of the words " corporate Branch or corporate Group."


Micro-scale manipulation of objects is a growing requirement in specialised industries, especially those related to assembly of fragile micro-components. Widely implemented techniques in robotics and automation do not always cope with the delicate nature of the process. To improve the micro-scale manipulators we consider both hardware and software issues, and focus on designing massive-parallel embedded controllers for non-trivial actuating surfaces. This paper offers an initial insight on cellular automata (CA) gliders control of a smart surface. A brief presentation of the prototype hardware will be given along with a justification on the selection of manipulated objects. The formulation of the excitable CA lattice is presented and experimental data is analysed. The results support the capabilities of a fully distributed CA controlled massive parallel manipulation architecture.


Provided is a movement assistance robot that can deal with a plurality of users having different physical capabilities with a single type of movement assistance robot. This movement assistance robot (20) comprises: a robot arm section (22) provided on a base (21) that travels on drive wheels driven by a drive source, the robot arm section having a plurality of arms that can move relatively to one another by a drive section, the robot arm section being configured so as to be transformable into a plurality of forms respectively corresponding to a plurality of movement postures of a person being assisted (M1) (upright-walking assistance mode, walking-with-hands-resting assistance mode, walking-with-elbows-resting assistance mode, riding-while-standing movement mode, and riding-while-sitting movement mode); a holding section (23) that is provided to the tip end section of the robot arm section (22) and that supports the person being assisted; a selecting/operating section that selects one of the plurality of forms; and a transformation control section that drives the drive section and that transforms the robot arm section into the form selected by the selecting/operating section.


To quantitative analyze the T-cell receptor excision circles(TRECs) in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients before and after receiving interferon or adefovir dipivoxil.Quantitative detection of TRECs in peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) from 27 normal individuals and 28 cases with CHB among which 15 cases treated with interferon and 13 cases with adefovir dipivoxil was performed by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The mean value of TRECs in cases with CHB(7.29±2.26 copies/103 PBMCs) was lower than that in corresponding aged normal individuals(10.48±6.90 copies/103PBMCs)(P0.05).There was no statistical relationship between thymic output function and HBV DNA in CHB patients(r=0.06,P0.05).Interferon therapy increased the quantity of TRECs in CHB patients(12.77±5.25 vs 7.14±2.69 copies/103 PBMCs)(P0.05).There was no significant difference between the level of TRECs before and after adefovir dipivoxil treatment.The quantity of TRECs in CHB patients were lower than those in normal individuals.There was no significant relation between thymic output function and HBV DNA.The results indicated that interferon,but not adefovir dipivoxil,could increase the TRECs level in CHB patients.


According to a leading ideologist of the new identity politics, "America" is an anagram properly decoded as "I Am Race." The first three books under review treat the history of racial categories, and racial prejudice, in the United States as the key to understanding the evolution of modern American Jewish identity. The traditional explanations of the economic and social mobility enjoyed since the late nineteenth century by Jewish immigrants and their descendants—e.g., high levels of literacy and educational aspiration,


Jishou-Chadonghuayuan River Expressway is a typical expressway in mountain area.The topographic and geological conditions along the line are complex.Aizhai Bridge,which is the key controlling engineering,is a suspension bridge with the longest span in the world crossing gorge.Its project estimate is 18% of gross investment.Therefore the cost control of super-large bridge on expressway in mountain area has great influence on controlling the cost of whole expressway.


Objective:To investigate the risk factors of ceftazidimeresistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia and the risk factors affecting prognosis of bacteremia.Methods:Eightyfive patients of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia in Peking Union medical college hospital were studied retrospectively.The clinical characteristics of initial bacteremia,including age,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ) scores,signs,comorbid illness,immunosuppressive therapy,laboratory findings,invasive procedure,primary infectious focus, et al ,and results of initial blood culture,antibiotic treatments,clinical effect,and outcome were recorded.The relationship among the above risk factors and ceftazidimeresistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia and prognosis of bacteremia were analyzed with univariate analysis and Logistic regression.Results:Among 85 patients,there were 23 (27 1%) patients with ceftazidimeresistant bacteremia.Previous administration of cephalosporins(13/30, P =0 013),especially third gemeration cephalosporins(12/25, P =0 005) was more likely associated with ceftazidimeresistant bacteremia.The emergence of ceftazidimeresistance of the invading bacteria(3/23, P =0 164)was not associated with a higher mortality.Inappropriate antibiotic therapy(7/14, P =0 016) was associated with a higher mortality.Conclusions:Prior use of third generation cephalosporins was a risk factor of ceftazidimeresistant bacteremia. Inappropriate antibiotic therapy was associated with a higher mortality.However the emergence of ceftazidimeresistance of the invading bacteria was not associated with a higher mortality if an appropriated antibiotic was administered for treatment.


In chemistry education, theoretical courses and laboratory applications are executed parallel. Laboratory environment has some dangers and while students are working on their experiments must be in safe conditions. This study was carried on pre-service teachers whose taking the General Chemistry Laboratory in Elementary Science Education programs and pre-service science teachers' opinions and knowledge degrees have been researched on laboratory safety. In the study, an information leaf that contains the ways of preventing danger while pre-service teachers are working in the general chemistry laboratory was prepared. A questionnaire was developed on laboratory safety and was applied to 129 pre-service elementary science teachers.


The article addresses the development of English language education (ELE) and explores perspectives to develop better English learning climates in the higher education settings in Indonesia. It firstly outlines the development of ELE theories worldwide influenced by the growth of constructivism theory. Then, it particularly views the relationship between the development of ELE theories worldwide and the reality of English language policy within the Indonesian context. It is to argue that the national policy and its implementation have been somewhat inferior to providing strong fundamentals for ELE in the higher level of education—the higher education. Thus, this article proposes ideas to develop curriculum, pedagogy, and assessment in a coherent manner to create more engaging learning environment in order to cater for dynamic growth of academic and professional contexts. Keywords: English language education, higher education, curriculum and pedagogic discourse


Photoproduction of π mesons was studied with the Crystal Barrel detector at ELSA for incident energies from 300MeV to 3 GeV. Differential cross sections dσ/dΩ, dσ/dt and the total cross section are presented. For Eγ < 3GeV, the angular distributions agree well with the SAID parametrization. At photon energies above 1.5 GeV, a strong forward peaking indicates t-channel exchange to be the dominant process. The rapid variations of the cross section with energy and angle indicate production of resonances. An interpretation of the data within the Bonn-Gatchina partial wave analysis is briefly discussed. PACS: 13.30.-a Decays of baryons, 13.60.Le Meson production 14.20.Gk Baryon resonances with S = 0


We have studied lead-based gapless semiconductors, PbPdO2, which is very sensitive to external parameters such as temperature, pressure, electric field, etc[1]. We have fabricated pure PbPdO2, Coand Mn-doped PbPdO2 thin films using the pulsed laser deposition. Because of the volatile element of Pb, it is very difficult to grow the films. Note that in case of MgB2, Mg is also volatile element. So in order to enhance the quality of MgB2, some experiments are carried out in annealing with Mg-rich atmosphere [2]. This annealing process with volatile element plays an important role in making smooth surface. Thus, we applied such process to our studies of PbPdO2 thin films. As a result, we found the optimal condition of ex-situ annealing temperature ~650C and time ~12 hrs. The ex-situ annealing brought the extreme change of surface morphology of thin films. After ex-situ annealing with PbO-rich atmosphere, the grain size of thin film was almost 100 times enlarged for all the thin films and also the PbO impurity phase was smeared out. And from X-ray diffraction measurements, we determined highly crystallized phases after annealing. So, we measured electrical and magnetic properties. Because of reduced grain boundary, the resistivity of ex-situ annealed samples changed smaller than no ex-situ sample. And the carrier densities of thin films were decreased with ex-situ annealing time. In this case, oxygen vacancies were removed by ex-situ annealing. Furthermore, we will discuss the transport and magnetic properties in pure PbPdO2, Coand Mn-doped PbPdO2 thin films in detail.


In this work, we propose a mechanism for learning grounded symbols based on design experience as acquired by a CAD system. We discover the functionally feasible regions FFRs lying along lower dimensional surfaces or manifolds, reflecting latent interdependencies between design variables sometimes called chunks constitute the intermediate step between raw experience and the eventual symbol that arises after these patterns become stabilised through communication. We search this lower-dimensional manifolds using either linear or nonlinear techniques, and demonstrate low-dimensionality at three stages of an 'infant designer': a learning image schemas for fits and clearances using linear algorithms; b universal motor, 2-parameter - learning a non-linear manifold; c universal motor, 8-parameter, reducing to two parameters or chunks using both linear and nonlinear mappings.


It is well accepted that Spatial Light Modulators (SLMs) of suitably high performance are key components for the implementation of many proposed optical systems. We perceive that the hybrid technology of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (FLC) over VLSI silicon shows promise in the medium term for the development of High Performance SLMs (HPSLMs); this perception is based on (1) the performance of custom VLSI silicon (2) the large number of LC types offering a range of optical properties and their compatibility with VLSI silicon drive voltages and (3) results we have obtained, to date, of marrying the two technologies.


The terminal voltage series type active power filter is developed. The filter reduces output voltage harmonics in a wide range of load. It is effective for liner and nonlinear load from no load to full load operation. The filter consists of passive LC component and H-transistor bridge as active part. The DC link of the bridge is supplied from the AC supply system. The control concept is based on constant average DC link voltage. Theory of the filter operation and results of simulation study are presented for cases of linear and nonlinear loads.


Various ships and submerged moving objects in the ocean are key targets of numerous remote sensors. Wake has developed into one of the key detection targets of ocean visible light remote sensing as the visible trail information left by moving objects on the ocean surface. In the situation of slow ship speed, deep draft, and the existence of air clouds and fog, the wake target signal is weak, and the signal-to-noise ratio is low due to the low reflectivity of the sea surface and the interference of the background waves on the sea surface. This paper analyzes the radiative sensitivity of visible light imaging systems for the most crucial wake detection indicator in order to address the aforementioned issues. The noise equivalent reflectance difference, which is widely used to describe radiative sensitivity in engineering, is derived and numerically simulated by establishing the imaging link model based on TDICCD. We calculated the noise equivalent reflectivity difference for eight bands commonly used in ocean remote sensing; results show that the index is generally on the order of 10−4, and with the increase in the central wavelength, the value of noise equivalent reflectance difference also shows a downward trend and is stable within a certain value range. This research provides theoretical guidance for the engineering design of a visible spectrum imaging system for wake detection, aids in improving the imaging system's capacity to detect weak wake signals, and provides a basis for subsequent wake detection and enhancement processing, removal of false wakes, and retrieval of ship information.


The scyphistoma of Amelia unrila was stimulated electrically and mechanically in various well defined regions. Each of these regions is neurologically independent in that the effects of the stimulation are localized to just one region of the polyp. Co-ordination of the different regions during prey capture and ingestion is still possible however because of the arrangement of the parts of the polyp in which one action sets off another one mechanically. The polypoid form of the scyphistoma is a geometrical arrangement allowing mechanical co-ordination. Such a co-ordination mechanism would not be suitable for the life of a medusa whose complicated problems necessitate neurological connections between the body regions for their co-ordination. On the principle that simple organisms arose first during evolution, it is maintained that the polypoid preceded the medusoid form in the Class Scyphozoa. Of the three polypoid types viz. hydropolyp, scyphopolyp and anthopolyp, the scyphopolyp has the simplest neuromuscular system and behavior.


The Scaling-Index-Method (SIM) has been extended by applying weighting functions which take into account the information available on the noise characteristics. The transformation of an image by applying the weighted Scaling-Index-Method yields a measure which depends on the local correlation of the image pixels and the noise structure in the image. In nuclear medicine imaging, the methods based on the SIM enables to extract sources superimposed by strong noise or to discriminate real sources from tomographic artifacts.


Observation and measuration were conducted on the fixed sample plots of Eucalyptus globulus and E.maidenii to study the proper rotation period of these two species. The results showed that the volume growth ratio of E.globulus before seven years old was higher than 22.3 %,at the eighth year, the input and output were close to each other,12.97 and 12.99 respectively, and there was no significant variation of wood basic density, it was therefore deduced that 7 years rotation was proper for this species. As far as E.maidenii was concerned, the results showed that the volume growth ratio before the seventh year was higher than 40.1 %, and was lower than 40.1 % after the seventh year, and the growth ratio of the eighth year was still higher than 20 %. There was no significant variation between the wood basic density between the seventh year and the eighth year. Eight year was deduced to be the proper rotation period of E.maidenii. As for the coppice forests were considered, the rotation period could be one or two years shorter than the normal forests.


Tue presence ofTobacco rattle virus (TRV) and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV)
were reported for the first time in lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L) grown in
Northwest Bulgaria. Two types of virus-like symptoms were observed in Melissa
crops in summ er and autumn 2006 - 2007. Besides yellow chlorotic spots on
the leaves often plants occurred with stunted sprigs. Yellow vein bandings on
the leaves and elongated necrotic spots along the stems were seldom observed.
Samples showing virus symptoms were analyzed by mechanical inoculation on
test plants and by DAS-ELISA. AMV was detected by ELISA particularly in
samples showing symptoms in form of chlorotic spots whereas TRV was mainly
detected in leaves with necrotic spots on stems. Rost range studies using
Chenopodium amaranticolor and Nicotiana tabacum CV. Samsun supported
the occurrence ofTRV whereas Chenopodium quinoa and Capsicum annuum
cv. Sofiiska kapija were usfull for identification of the presence of AMV in
samples. Rost range studies and serology revealed that most samples were rnixed
infected. Tue identified TRV i~olates reacted stronger with antiserum to serotype
'Mirow' and weaker with antibodies to the strains 'Potato K', 'K33' and
'Jeffersonia'.


The robot cleaner according to an embodiment of the present invention, the suction portion provided to be movable from side to side it is possible to minimize the occurrence of defective cleaning area. Is provided with a suction unit side of the connector flow path of the robot cleaner is connected to a manual vacuum cleaner pipe can be selectively communicated with the suction passage to. The robot cleaner according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided so as to be movable from side to side in front of the suction motor and is sucked is separated foreign body and the main body dust collecting device is mounted to be received for sucking foreign substances of the floor bottom surface When including a suction unit for cleaning, and the obstacle adjacent to the body position, the suction portion to move to the right or left in contact with the obstacle to clean the floor surface adjacent to the obstacle.


Withdrawal Form Abstract Presenting Author: Abstract Title: Abstract Control Number or Publication Number: I do not want my abstract published on the journal Diabetes® website. I certify that I am the presenting author and have the authority to withdraw the above referenced abstract.Presenting Author: Abstract Title: Abstract Control Number or Publication Number: I do not want my abstract published on the journal Diabetes® website. I certify that I am the presenting author and have the authority to withdraw the above referenced abstract. Signature of Presenting Author Date Please e-mail or fax this completed form to: American Diabetes Association Fax: +703-991-0621 E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com The Abstract Withdrawal Deadline is March 9, 2022 The abstract will not be withdrawn if the completed Withdrawal Form is not received by the above date.


Computationally hard problems like the Travelling Salesperson Problem, can be solved remarkably well by humans. Results obtained by computers are usually closer to the optimum, but require high computational effort and often differ from the human solutions. This paper introduces Greedy Expert Search (GES), which strives to show the same flexibility and efficiency of human solutions, while producing results of similarly high quality. A particular focus is on how to use abstract knowledge in the solution process. The Travelling Salesperson Problem serves as an example problem to illustrate and evaluate the approach.


In our current epoch of global collapse, both political, economic and environmental, ecological issues are of the utmost importance to our civilisations ongoing survival. Logically, solutions to the ongoing degradation and consumption of our organic environment must be devised in a democratic fashion, not imposed upon the world by a (sometimes) green-tinged oligarchy whose profits are derived from the ongoing destruction of life (human or otherwise). This is not however how everyone thinks, and we have the bizarre situation whereby liberal environmentalists - whose soothing commentaries saturate the mainstream media and whose corporate-funded non-profit organisations dominate the public domain - propagate the naive idea that capitalism can be ecologically-minded; as if it were simply enough that capitalists attach a monetary value to the environment so it can be efficiently harvested for profit (Brulle and Jenkins 2005). Such liberals locate the answer to environmental destruction in the most unlikely place; that is, in hands of an ideology committed to sustained growth on a planet with finite resources.None of these issues concerning deluded liberals and their ongoing collaboration with the ruling-class are new. All the same it is highly worrisome that so many of the reactionary ideas of conservative elites have entered the lexicon of the mainstream environmental movement: an age-old conundrum that can be traced back to the early 20th century (Brechin 1996). In brief, in response to mass-based socialist organizations which were in ascendance in the period surrounding the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, far-sighted members of the ruling-class combined their twin and interrelated obsessions with eugenics and immigration restriction under the rubric of a new-found desire to conserve the natural environment (Spiro 2008). Such elites were quick to identify the rest of humanity (i.e., members of the working-class) as a thorn in the side of their own honorable conservation efforts - viewing us as a vexing problem to be controlled by whatever means necessary (Ross 1999). This early mission goes some way toward explaining the historical reasons for the mainstream environmental movements' fixation upon regulating the sexual habits of the poor (Stern 2005). But while it is understandable why the ruling-class should adopt such an elitist strategy for maintaining their class interests, the same is not true for the rest of us. Indeed, for the rest of the Earth's citizens to rely upon ruling-class ideologies to sustain the environment (in any meaningful way) is completely irrational.Seriously broaching the issue of developing an egalitarian and lifesustaining mode of living necessarily requires a consideration of solutions that lie outside the stifling confines of capitalism: a realm in which one can locate ideologically-inspired alternatives which are realistic in their appraisal of the root causes of our global crisis (Dickenson 2003). The capitalist system, however, naturally privileges the (non)solutions vigorously asserted by capital-friendly environmental groups. And the resulting marginalisation of radical voices from the public sphere means that most people are unaware that viable democratic alternatives even exist (Kovel 2002). This sorry state of affairs providing but one reason why so many people are now totally disengaged from mainstream politics. Such enduring problems, combined with popular knowledge of long-standing corporate resistance to all manner of green legislation, has also encouraged too many concerned citizens to mistakenly equate mainstream environmentalists as solution-providers and thereby the supposed enemies of polluting corporations, rather than as earnest green-washers for ruling-class interests (as all to often tends to be the case).Given the daily struggle for survival among societies real wealthproducers, it is little wonder that the sustainable-sounding policies popularized by capitalism's cultural apparatus are readily seized upon by psychologically debilitated citizens. …


The Information Technology IT for realizing Organizational Decision Support Systems ODSS is in a nascent stage of development. This is particularly true in the area of coordination, which is a critical element of ODSS, and which distinguishes ODSS research from earlier research in Group DSS and individually oriented DSS. As a first step in ODSS coordination research, alternative representation schemes need to be examined in terms of both their match with the prevailing needs of organizations and of existing IT approaches that can be brought to bear. Matching ODSS needs with coordination representation requirements is examined by using several supporting reference disciplines including foundational DSS and recent ODSS research frameworks/architectures. Existing IT approaches are adapted from the reference disciplines of Active DSS, Distributed Artificial Intelligence DAI, and Mathematical/Computational Organization Theory MCOT to operationalize a computational model of coordination that: 1 embodies the philosophies of Active DSS-including the idea that automated intelligent agents can play a significant role in supporting decision makers by independently carrying out rudimentary tasks to support the various phases of a decision making process; 2 adapts DAI and IT approaches to reflect practical human organizational realities including what we refer to as the 'Open-Ended Knowledge World', and the evolutionary nature of organizations-whereby ODSS coordination representations will be subjected to almost constant revision due to both external environment disruptions and internal events that require adjustments to a preliminary plan; and 3 reflects the fact that organizational goals are often vague, which implies that a coordination representation should be sufficiently robust to reflect ad hoc analysis accommodating of strategy changes.


The major effect of T3 on mitochondrial activity has been partly explained by the discovery of p43, a T3‐dependent transcription factor of the mitochondrial genome. P43 is imported into mitochondria in an atypical manner which is not yet fully understood. Our aim was to characterize the p43 sequences inducing its mitochondrial import, using in organello import experiments with wild‐type or mutated proteins and validation in CV1 cells. We find that several sequences define the mitochondrial addressing. Two alpha helices in the C‐terminal part of p43 are actual mitochondrial import sequences as fusion to a cytosolic protein induces its mitochondrial translocation. Helix 5 drives the atypical mitochondrial import process, whereas helices 10/11 induce a classical import process. However, despite its inability to drive a mitochondrial import, the N‐terminal region of p43 also plays a permissive role as in the presence of the C‐terminal import sequences different N‐terminal regions determine whether the protein is imported or not. These results can be extrapolated to other mitochondrial proteins related to the nuclear receptor superfamily, devoid of classical mitochondrial import sequences. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3768–3777, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


This report presents CIRIA's integrated review of contractual relations and forms of contract in construction in relation to quality management. It covers: (1) how clients are applying quality management, and the resulting contractual implications; (2) current pitfalls, disadvantages, and misunderstandings; (3) how the construction industry should operate best, in a situation where all parties to the construction process implement effective quality management systems, and the resulting contractual implications; (4) what interim steps might be desirable, and the resulting contractual implications; and (5) the role of insurance in construction quality and its compatibility with construction management. All types of contractual situations are covered, with a view to recommending how best to give all parties the maximum incentive to maintain and improve the standard of their work. The aspects, which the report addresses in turn, are: the law of obligations, construction contracts, quality system standards, quality system elements, invoking quality systems, and latent defects insurance. Four key recommendations are made, together with further short-term and longer-term recommendations. Detailed appendices review quality system elements and the ideas submitted during consultation.


Objective:To explore the statistical gynecological factors of hysterectomy caused by postpartum hemorrhage by means of case analysis,absorb experience and improve the quality of department of gynecology.Methods:Clinical data of 74 cases undergoing hysterectomy caused by postpartum hemorrhage in the past 20 years were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The effect factors of hysterectomy caused by postpartum hemorrhage included placental factors,puerperal infection,uterine atony,DIC and rupture of uterus;the proportions of different effect factors of postpartum hemorrhage were different;there was significant difference in proportion of hysterectomy caused by postpartum hemorrhage among different ages,delivery modes and hospitals at different levels.Conclusion:Carrying out perinatal health care,diagnosing high risk pregnancy timely,family planning,mastering indication of cesarean section,improving the technical level and responsibility of medical staff,operation according to criterion strictly may reduce the rate of hysterectomy caused by postpartum hemorrhage.


: The one-pot synthesis of 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid from cyclohexanone via the integrated Baeyer-Villiger oxidation and ring opening reaction catalyzed by dealuminated HBEA zeolite has been developed. Under optimized conditions, the cyclohexanone conversion and 6-hydroxyhexanoic acid selectivity are over 95%, respectively. The excellent catalytic performance is attributed to the activation of carbonyl group of cyclohexanone and the fast hydrolysis and ring opening of ε-caprolactone by both Lewis acid and Brönsted acid sites under aqueous conditions.


Intestinal transplant is a surgical procedure internationally proposed as an alternative treatment for patients with irreversible intestinal failure due to: short bowel syndrome, intestinal ischemia, Crohn's disease, volvulus, trauma, necrotizing enterocolitis. Patients who are destined to permanent therapy by total parenteral nutrition and that present with severe complications thereof. There are several surgical techniques of intestinal transplant, such as isolated intestinal transplant, hepatointestinal and multivisceral trasplant. Among the main complications are technical-surgical and non-surgical (ischemia reperfusion injury, acute rejection, chronic rejection, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, infections and graft versus host disease). Immune therapy plays a primary role in the survival of both patient and graft. The graft can be monitored immunologically by expression of speciic markers (CD154, calprotectin and nucleotide polymorphisms), or macroscopically and microscopically by endoscopy and biopsy, mainly of ileum and jejunum. Intestinal transplant as a whole, is a broad ield of medical research worldwide, which although has improved the lives of many patients, it still cannot be considered as a deinitive treatment or of irst choice for patients with irreversible intestinal failure. All Rights Reserved © 2016 Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C. This is an open access item distributed under the Creative Commons CC License BY-NC-ND 4.0. Tabla 1 Causas de síndrome de intestino corto y falla intestinal en adultos y en niños


The titanium alloy Ti–6Al–4V (Ti64) is a very widely applied alloy with extreme importance in the fields of aerospace, automotive, and biomedicine. For a large range of manufacturing methods that involve the liquid phase, such as casting, metal injection molding, thermal spraying, and additive manufacturing, process simulations are an important tool for the optimization and development of the fabrication process. Reliable thermophysical property data of Ti64 in the solid and the liquid phase are necessary inputs to such models. Due to the high melt reactivity of titanium alloys with container materials, measurements performed using conventional thermophysical equipment are usually impossible. Precise benchmark measurement of thermophysical properties (surface tension, viscosity, specific heat, total hemispherical emissivity, thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity, mass density) of Ti64 is presented in the undercooled liquid phase using containerless electromagnetic levitation on board the International Space Station (ISS). The obtained values are compared with predictive models that can help to analyze the data for other compositions of the alloy system. The property values are applied to simulations of industrial fabrication processes, to optimize these processes and thus the product quality.


Six hundred day old unsexed broiler chicks were used in a 42-d trial at Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Science University Poultry Farm to compare the effects of different levels of fish oil supplementation on performance of broilers in terms of feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion and carcass characteristics. The chicks were randomly distributed following a completely randomized design in four groups having three replications per group. Each group was composed of 150 chicks and 50 birds per replicate. Four diets were formulated using locally available ingredients as diet without oil, diets containing 2.5%, 3.0% and 3.5% fish oil. Results indicated that, supplementation of diets with different levels of fish oil significantly differed (P 0.05) effect of fish oil supplementation on feed conversion up to 5th week of age. At the end of 6th week, feed conversion of the broilers of different dietary groups differed significantly (P 0.05) were found among all dietary treatment groups in weight gain up to 3rd week of age except at later stages. Out of eighteen parameters, shank weight, heart weight, thigh bone weight and abdominal fat weight differed (P<0.05) due to supplementation of fish oil. It can be concluded that, supplementation of fish oil at 2.5% level results in the best cumulative feed intake and feed conversion of broilers.


shred of evidence relating to his life, such as his expenditures for a guaiac cure to treat syphilis, and his historical sketch of Schweinfurt, Flood and Shaw finally admit that we do not know much about Sinapius's ideas or religious convictions. They conscientiously present seventy-six Latin letters to and from or concerning Sinapius; they reprint and translate Sinapius's professorial defenses of eloquence (1528 and 1530); they reprint his little history of Schweinfurt; they provide a careful bibliography of the works of Sinapius. Unfortunately in their zeal to resuscitate this minor figure, their abundant footnotes sometimes run off on barely relevant tangents. Specialists will note a few errors that do not seriously tarnish this gleaming example of neo-Latin erudition directed at an unrewarding subject.


Grapevines rely on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to obtain ample phosphorus (P) from soils with low to moderate P like the Ultisols of western Oregon. Prior research indicated that nine species, or virtual taxa, of AMF colonized the roots of 'Pinot noir' at greater than 1% abundance in a single vineyard. However, little is known about how different taxa within a community vary in their capacity to function as symbionts with grapevines. The effectiveness of five native AMF species representing five genera to promote growth and nutrient uptake of 'Pinot noir' was examined in a fumigated Ultisol soil under well-watered and periodically dry conditions. Plants were grown with each of the different isolates alone or without AMF. After 8 and 16 weeks, whole vines were destructively harvested and biomass and nutrients were determined. Results showed that four of the isolates colonized roots extensively, increased root and shoot biomass, and predominantly increased P uptake. A Claroideoglomus isolate was superior in promoting shoot growth as compared with Rhizophagus irregularis, even though both isolates increased P uptake to the same extent, suggesting a higher carbon cost for R. irregularis. Scutellospora calospora failed to colonize roots beyond a trace and had no impact on vine performance. The ability to increase P uptake among the four effective fungi was not related to the frequency of arbuscules in roots suggesting that some P exchange occurs via hyphae within the cortex, particularly for Funneliformis mosseae. Water limitation reduced P uptake as a main effect across all mycorrhizal treatments, suggesting that the native isolates studied here have similar functionality under well-watered and periodically dry conditions.


Objective:To explore the effect of the content of the UI and the content of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-12,IL-10 gastric tissue homogenate of Hp gastritis in rats with moxibustion treatment,to reveal the mechanisms of intervention Hp gastric inflammatory injury and protect the gastric mucosa in rats with moxibustion treatment.Methods:50 healthy rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups,namely control group(group A),Hp model group(group B),moxibustion at acupoints group(group C),moxibustion at non-acupoints(group D) and electro-acupuncture acupoints group(group E).The gastritis model was made with Hp Gavage.To moxibustion at Zusanli,Zhongwan,Guanyuan,Pishu,Weishu in rats,the ulcer index(UI) was evaluated by Guth method,the content of TNF-α,IL1β,IL-12,IL-10 of gastric tissue homogenate were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:After moxibustion treatment,the UI were significantly decreased(P0.01),the content of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-12 gastric tissue homogenate were significantly decreased(P0.05 or P0.01),the content of gastric tissue homogenate IL-10 were significantly increased(P0.01) compared with Hp model group,moxibustion at non-acupoints and electro-acupuncture acupoints group.Conclusion:Moxibustion could increase the content of IL-10 and decrease the content of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-12 in gastric tissue homogenate,which suggested moxibustion could adjust the release of proinflammatory cytokine and suppression of inflammatory cytokines,intervene the mucosal inflammatory injury of rats with Hp gastric,that may be the one of mechanisms of intervention Hp gastric inflammatory injury and protect the gastric mucosa in rats with moxibustion.


speciality teaching is of interest. Under twelve headings a significant difference in experience or exposure to practical procedures was found between the teaching and peripheral centres. Of these twelve, nine were urological topics. Increased specialisation in surgery tends to occur initially in teaching centres and urology is only the first of several topics of which undergraduates may in future gain little experience. Clearly the clinical curriculum must evolve in parallel with changing surgical practice. L L BEYNON FRCS Senior Registrar in Urology Western General Hospital Edinburgh


Rifamycin-resistant derivatives of plant growth promoting Bacillus polymyxa strains L6, Pw-2, and S20 were used to evaluate the interaction of bacterial‐mycorrhizal co-inoculation on pine and spruce seedling growth. We were particularly interested in determining if the mechanism by which bacteria stimulated seedling growth depended on the presence of ectomycorrhizae. Mycorrhizal inoculum was introduced by adding 2 ml of one of six forest floor soil types originating from dierent spruce and pine stands to seedling containers. Mycorrhizal roots developed in 34% of pine and 27% of spruce seedlings treated with forest soil, but no dierences between forest soils were detected. Most mycorrhizae were formed by Wilcoxina sp. (E-strain) (98% for spruce and 67% for pine); small numbers of Amphinema-like, Mycelium radicis atroairens, Suillus-like, Thelephora-like, and Tuber-like mycorrhizae were also found on pine (27% in total). Thelephora-like fungi comprised 2% of spruce mycorrhize. In the absence of bacterial inoculum, spruce seedling biomass was positively correlated with the number of mycorrhizal root tips, but this trend was not detected in spruce inoculated with bacteria or in pine. Bacterial inoculation did not influence the mycorrhizal status of seedlings, but all three Bacillus strains stimulated growth of both conifer species. Root biomass, in particular, was significantly enhanced by up to 18% compared with uninoculated controls. Mycorrhizal fungi improved the growth of spruce seedlings, but plant growth promotion by Bacillus was similar for mycorrizal and non-mycorrhizal seedlings of both species. Our results suggest that Bacillus strains L6-16R, Pw-2R, and S20-R enhance conifer seedling growth through a mechanism unrelated to mycorrhizal fungi. # 1996 Annals of Botany Company


i Persons with acute and chronic llnesses must frequently respond to a number of illness-related tasks and stressors. Changes in an individual's coping style over the course of an illness, however, are rarely studied. Most coping inventories are too long to be practical for the necessary repeated administration. A study was undertaken to develop a brief_coping scale for use with children and adolescents with chronic illnesses. KIDCOPE, a brief coping checklist comprised of 10 items, was developed which covered problem-solving, distraction, social support, social withdrawal, cognitive restructuring, self-criticism, blaming others, emotional expression, wishful thinking, and resignation. Four samples of "normal" adolescents (total N=364) and one clinical sample of adolescent suicide attempters (N=25) participated in reliability and validity studies. The results revealed that the highest correlations were obtained when subjects rated the same personal stressors 3 days apart, lower correlations were obtained when ratings were 1 week apart, and lowest correlations were obtained over 10 weeks with different stressors. These findings suggest that coping is a process measure with only minimal consistency within individuals over time. Validity studies revealed moderate to high correlations between the Coping Strategies Inventory and the KIDCOPE. (NB)


This paper talks about some improved BP algorithms. We use some programs based on Matlab to deal with the problem of multi-component simultaneous determination, on this basis, choose an optimum one, and then test. It shows that the L-M algorithm is the best.


The microbes in the human gut, also known as the gut microbiota, are known to play a part in how we feel and whether we are healthy or sick. How the microbiota regulates health is still unknown in most cases, and medical treatments to manipulate the microbiota to improve people's health are only just starting to be used. In this article, we explain how the gut microbiota is currently studied, what we already understand about how the gut microbiota influences health, and ways that are already used, or are being investigated, to influence the microbiota to improve health.


The article is devoted to the research of ethno cultural relations between Maris and Russians, to revealing the degree of convergent and loaned elements in the wedding tradition of Mari, to the research of structure of traditional wedding ritualism and to specific character of its local versions. Under the influence of Christianization the paganism is partially weakening and consequently, simplification of pagan wedding ritual, simplification or reappraisal of some pagan magic rituals according to Christian tradition take place. Besides, Maris have partially loaned from Russian people the wedding terminology and new elements of ritual ceremony.


A simple, accurate, precise, and rapid high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method for determination of Apixaban (API) in bulk drug and the pharmaceutical formulation was developed and validated. The separation was performed on aluminum plates, pre-coated with silica gel 60F254 as the stationary phase using toluene: methanol (7:3 v/v), as mobile phase. Densitometric measurement of the API was carried out at 290 nm. The retention factor (Rf) was found to be 0.62 ± 0.04. The method was successfully validated as per International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines Q2 (R1). The calibration curve was linear in range 50-300 ng/band. The limits of detection and quantitation were 0.272 and 0.824 ng/band, respectively. Accuracy and precision of the proposed method were evaluated by recovery studies and intra-day and inter-day precision studies, respectively (standard deviation for precision studies was found to be less than 2). The developed method was used to analyze marketed formulation samples (tablet) of the API. The API was subjected to various stress conditions as per ICH Q1A (R2) guidelines. In stress studies, the drug showed significant degradation during acid, alkaline hydrolytic, and oxidative conditions. As the method could effectively separate the drug from their degradation products, it can be used as a stability indicating method. INTRODUCTION: Apixaban (API) (1-(4methoxyphenyl)-7-oxo-6-[4-(2-oxopiperidin-1-yl)phenyl]-4, 5 dihydropyrazolo [5,4-c] pyridine-3carboxamide) Fig. 1 is a novel anticoagulant drug acting as a direct, selective and reversible inhibitor of the coagulation factor Xa 1, 2, 3, 4 . QUICK RESPONSE CODE DOI: 10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.10(7).3399-04 The article can be accessed online on www.ijpsr.com DOI link: http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.10(7).3399-04 FIG. 1: CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF APIXABAN Apixaban is to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. It has also been used to lower the risk of developing venous thrombosis postorthopedic surgical procedures 5 .


Recent dynamic and static results are presented on a 49-core RHBD processor. Dynamic cache results show increased SEE susceptibility over static tests. Application level testing shows good correlation to low level cache results.


We propose an approach to design rationale (DR) that emphasizes supporting the design process in such a way that a trace of the rationale is captured with little disruption of the normal process. We describe a rhetorical method for design dialogue called IBIS (meaning "issue-based information systems") and two implementations of this rhetorical method: a graphical hypertext tool for conducting IBIS discussions called gIBIS and a simple indented text notation. We describe a field trial in an industrial setting in which the "low-tech" indented text IBIS was used to capture more than 2,300 requirements and design decisions. We also explore the implications of this experience for the design of computer tools that, like gIBIS, seek to capture DR nonintrusively.


Although art has been engaging and inspiring audiences throughout history, new information and communication technologies have opened up a whole new set of opportunities for media to serve as an agent for social change. Social justice campaigns are utilizing a broad array of new media strategies to engage the public, including online distribution, podcasts, and social networking sites. Many are combining these new technologies with traditional movement strategies such as rallies, protests, and lobbying efforts, creating a new form of civic engagement about which little is known. The new forms of media that are emerging can involve the public as both consumer and producer and have the ability to engage individuals, communities, and societies at speeds and on scales that were previously impossible.


Recursive algorithms for linear least squares estimation problems have been based mainly on state-space models. Recently, some new recursive solutions were obtained for processes classified in terms of their "index of nonstationarity" or equivalently-- the displacement rank of their covariance functions. While this definition provides a natural explanation of the properties of constant-coefficient state-space models, it is not satisfactory for time-variant models. However a modified definition of the displacement rank makes it possible to imbed time-varying state-space models in the more general input-output framework. In so doing, we are able to show the mutual relationships of the Kalman filter Riccati equation, the time-varying Chandrasekhar equations and the Krein-Levinson equations.


As an optical communication component with considerable potential, the all fiber acousto optical tunable filters have been paid great attention in recent years. With the advantages such as simplicity in manufacturing, low insertion loss, broad tuning range, high speed continual electric tuning and simultaneous multiple channel filtering, they have promising prospect in the future all optic networks. Therefore, the development of all fiber acousto optical tunable filter, its operating principles, structures, performances are described. The different experimental structures are compared and its advantages and disadvantages are analyzed.


Three students with profound intellectual, sensory, and physical disabilities learned to activate a communication device as a "want"/request function within an initial chain interruption context and generalized the use of the switch for the same function to the two or three remaining contexts when these chains were interrupted. The intervention consisted of the use of a consistent response interval to allow for student preference and increasing time delay paired with decreasing physical assistance to teach initiation of an adaptive switch to operate a call device. A multiple baseline design across participants with successive generalization contexts was employed. The intervention was successful with all three students. Each participant learned to initiate and activate a device to request the continuation of routines in which they were only partially physically active or in which their participation was purely social. The outcomes are important for the participant population since previous work typically has focused on requests for reinforcers such as objects, food, or social attention. In the following study the participants requested the continuation of an activity. The role of initiation versus performance data is discussed, as well as issues related to the validity of learning outcomes and measurement of those outcomes for the target population.


L-tyrosine in human urine is an essential biomarker for the early detection of various cancers. A facile electrochemical method for preparing a coupled copper oxide/cuprous oxide nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite film modified glass carbon electrode (CuO/Cu2O/MWCNTs/GCE) via in situ growth is proposed for electrochemical sensing of L-tyrosine. The electrocatalytic activity of CuO/Cu2O/MWCNTs/GCE was investigated for L-tyrosine by cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronoamperometry (CA), and the morphology and shape of the nanocomposite film were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). An irreversible oxidation peak for L-tyrosine at a potential of 0.645 V (vs. SCE) was observed in pH 8.0 of phosphate buffer solution at the CuO/Cu2O/MWCNTs/GCE electrode. The as-fabricated L-tyrosine sensor shows a fast response time (less than 2 s), a wide linear range 2 × 10−7–2 × 10−4 M, a high sensitivity of 1001 μA mM−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 9.6 × 10−9 M (at signal/noise = 3) in pH 8.0 phosphate buffer solution at 0.645 V. The nanocomposite film electrode has been successfully applied to determine L-tyrosine in human urine. It exhibits high electrocatalytic activity, satisfactory repeatability, stability, fast response and good selectivity against potentially interfering species, which suggests its potential for the development of a sensitive, selective, easy-operation and low-cost L-tyrosine sensor for practical routine analyses. The proposed new facile electrochemical growth method has the potential to expand the range of nanocomposite materials applied for the detection of various electroactive substances.


under enclosed, clear humidomes maintaining 100% relative humidity and daytime temperatures of 26 to 28°C. After 8 days, white to tan spots developed on inoculated plants and appeared identical to spots observed in the greenhouse. Isolation from inoculated plants resulted in the recovery of fungi that were morphologically identical to the original isolates. Control watercress plants were sprayed with water and incubated in the same way as the other plants, but did not develop leaf spots. The experiment was repeated and the results were the same. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of Cercospora leaf spot on watercress in California and characterization of the causal pathogen, C. armoraciae. Previous reports in the United States linked this disease to C. nasturtii Pass., which is now regarded as a synonym of C. amoraciae. This watercress pathogen has been reported (frequently as C. nasturtii) from Africa, Asia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, South America, and several other states in the United States (Farr and Rossman 2015).


Background Metallothioneins (MTs) gene polymorphisms have been associated with the ability of free radical scavenging and detoxification of heavy metals leading to cancer development. Our aim was to revisit, in a Brazilian population, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MT gene family previously associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Material and Methods A case-control investigation with 28 OSCC patients and 45 controls was conducted, using conventional risk factors (tobacco use and alcohol consumption) as covariates. SNPs genotyping for rs8052334 (MT1B), rs964372 (MT1B), and rs1610216 (MT2A) was performed by PCR-RFLP, and SNPs for rs11076161 (MT1A) were analyzed by TaqMan assay. Results The only SNP associated with increased risk for OSCC was the MT-1A AA genotype (OR = 4.7; p = 0.01). We have also evidenced for the first time a significant linkage disequilibrium between the SNPs of MT-2A and MT-1A in this population with the highest frequency (30%) of the unfavorable haplotype G/A/C/T (rs1610216 / rs11076161 / rs964372 / rs8052334) of MT gene polymorphisms (OR = 6.2; p = 0.04). Interestingly, after removing the effects of conventional risk factors, we have uncovered the significance of the AA genotype of the rs11076161 with increased odds of 19-fold higher towards OSCC development. Conclusions This is the first demonstration that a significant linkage disequilibrium among gene polymorphisms of the MT family may affect susceptibility to oral cancer, which is conditioned by the G/A/C/T haplotype (rs1610216/rs11076161/rs964372/ rs8052334) and the MT-1A gene polymorphism has a potential clinical utility for the OSCC risk assessment. Key words:Oral squamous cell carcinoma, polymorphism, metallothionein, oral cancer.


The risk reduction action among IDU's is needed to reduce the emerging of new case of HIV transmission through their risk behavior either in drug using practices and sexual practices. This study was aimed to analyze determinant factors to risk reduction action of HIV transmission among IDU's in Makassar City. It was an explanatory study, employs a cross sectional research design and combining between Health Belief Model and Social Learning Theory. Target population in this research was all IDU's in Makassar City that have been reached by three NGOs and involving in individual risk assessment. There were 97 respondents involved in this research, selected by applying systematic random sampling technique. Questionnaire was used for collect data and analyze with chi square to measure bivariate correlation. Logistic regression was employed for multivariate analysis. Out of the 97 IDU's, 60,8% IDU's experienced consistency in risk reduction action adherence. Logistic regression analysis showed that risk reduction action dominantly influence by knowledge of HIV/AIDS.


Objective Rapeseed oil deodorizer distillate is an important source of natural vitamin E. The study was conducted in order to obtain high purity vitamin E from rapeseed oil deodorizer distillate.MethodMolecular distillation and enzymatic reaction were applied for concentration of vitamin E. The fatty acid methyl ester content model produced by an enzymatic reaction was presented by a response surface methodology (RSM) on the basis of molecular distillation and single factor experiments. ResultThe total reaction time of the experiment was 40 hours, and content of vitamin E was 25% after two rounds of molecular distillation. These results were produced under the following conditions:material amounted to20 g and the reaction temperature was 37℃, with the amount of water 11.7 ml.Candida rugosa lipase 30.78 U for hydrolysis time of 16 hours followed by amount of methanol added 1.32 ml with lipase 15 U per time of three times.Conclusion25% content of vitamin E were obtained by molecular distillation and lipase reaction for concentration of vitamin E and provide the basis for its application.


The present invention relates to a wrench comprising a handle having a first fork arm is located at a first end and coupled to the first fork arm at a first pivot axis of a first plurality of tool heads, the first a plurality of tool head having at least a first tool head drive chamber. Each tool head of the first plurality of tool heads may be independent of the other of said first plurality of tool heads of the tool head about the first pivot axis.


Despite popular portrayals of women's current success in public accounting, labor force statistics indicate that few women advance to partnership-level positions. Accounting research on the scarcity of female partners tends to approach this issue from a person-centered perspective and to focus on characteristics of women as an explanation for their occupational status. This article demonstrates that a situation-centered perspective provides a useful contribution in understanding the scarcity of women partners. The findings are based on a survey of 188 male and 184 female accountants.


This article presents some advantages and disadvantages of using computers and new informatics technologies in education and how their role has been changing over the years. We show the evolution of ideas, achievements and difficulties in using computers in education and how this affected students' skills. We present some modern systems like intelligent tutoring and expert systems (including simulation and virtual reality). We also show that the progress in using computers in education is only possible when educators adjust to computer oriented thinking making full use of computers' potential.


There is growing interest in the United States in the protection of high value assets from aircraft intrusion. Aircraft technology has improved Helicopters can serve as an intruder transport, a highly mobile weapon platform, and an escape vehicle after an intrusion has been committed. The helicopter can also serve as a transport for a high value material asset that may be stolen. Fixed wing aircraft are also a threat. The suicide mission to destroy an asset or generate adverse publicity is credible. If there is sufficient runway, the fixed wing aircraft can serve as a transport of intruders into a protected site, an intruder escape vehicle, or a transport for a stolen high value asset. The runway for a short take off and landing (STOL) aircraft used as intrusion vehicle can be any cleared area, including roadways only 100 meters in length with obstructions 20 meters high at the end. There may be existing, in place aircraft detection sensors near most sites that can be used to detect an aircraft's presence and provide early warning. If not, there is another family of sensors that can detect, track, and classify detected aircraft as fixed wing or helicopter. This second class of sensor can be installed if high resolution tracking of a target is required. The paper discusses the principles of aircraft detection, reviews some of the technology presently on the market for aircraft detection, and presents test data to show the ranges at which aircraft can be detected by these types of sensors.


Under the hierarchical control architecture for dc microgrids (MGs), primary and secondary control cope with preliminary power sharing and maintaining dc bus voltage, respectively. This paper proposes an ac current-dc voltage droop characteristic for the primary level and secondary control approach in the absence of PI controllers and communication links. In addition, state space model is established and corresponding eigenvalues contours with respect to key parameters variations are performed. Based on state apace model of parallel voltage source converters (VSCs), an optimal power distribution can be designed. Eigenvalues analysis and time domain simulations verify that proposed method has a fast dynamic performance depending on current loop and power distribution accuracy with adaptive droop gain.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:The glutamine (Gln) pathway has been implicated in tumor progression in various malignancies including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the detail underlying this pat...


Plasma-treated water (PTW) has strong bactericidal activity under acidic condition and it can be kept by cryo-preservation. Although PTW had many chemical components, respective chemical components were isolated by ion chromatography. Based on our experimental results, we conclude that peroxynitric acid (HOONO2) is the key active component. It could be a precursor of O2• /HOO•. Higher concentration of HOO• under acidic condition (pKa 4.8) would bring higher bactericidal activity.


Information streams trends in the subsystems of secondary education are analyzed in the article. The conclusion is made, that under the influence of public factors on secondary education management the information streams within all educational subsystems and structures must intensify on the basis of general, specifically, administrative activity.


This study reframes the traditional view of male breadwinner-female homemaker model in Pakistan and further explores the desired and preferred work hour choices by bankers. It further assesses the impact of Work Life Balance and Desired Work Hour Adjustments on employees well being. Employees may be willing to achieve a more integrated balance between paid work and leisure/family/community interests to lead a balanced healthier life. This paper presents a qualitative analysis of work-to-life and life-to-work conflicts and work hour adjustments. Interview method was used as a prime research instrument. Non-probability convenience sampling technique was employed. A total of 80 interviews were administered in 17 different banks of twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi and the results reported significant increases in work–life imbalance and lack of social support. Long working hours has also become a usual norm in banking industry. In order to be accomplished, employees continuously strive for excellence and skills second to none. The implication of the present study is to enable the organizations, to recognize the heterogeneity and multiple obligations of the contemporary and diversified future workforce.


Brownfield programs are intended to achieve three goals: reduce environmental hazards, spur economic growth, and address social justice concerns. Ideally, projects should generate profit for private parties who undertake such activities. Thus, brownfields can potentially serve as prototypes for innovative governance arrangements that meet multiple sets potentially conflicting goals. Despite the substantial investment of public and private resources and an innovative policy approach relying on voluntary action, very few states collect any sort of outcome data related to brownfield projects. The current literature also largely relies on anecdotal evidence of success or on a subject's impressions of success. Thus, neither researchers, nor the public, know if programs are succeeding, on the whole, in achieving any of the identified goals. This project investigates the outcomes of brownfield remediation, focusing in particular on California, which is one of the few states that collect data on a portion of its estimated 90,000 brownfields. This project analyzes site specific characteristics, zoning and land use changes, and economic and census tract data for a stratified, random sample of brownfield sites within California. Using a series of quantitative methods, including cluster analysis and geographically weighted regression, this research investigates how different factors impact the likelihood of successful projects across environmental, fiscal, and social goals.


DURING recent years the authors [1928, 1; 1929, 1] have been preparing oils from different raw materials for the purpose of investigating the practical value of the antimony trichloride test for the detection and quantitative estimation of vitamin A [Carr and Price, 1926]. It has been shown that fat from certain marine animals yields a particularly strong blue colour. Our investigations on the biological effect of these products are not yet finished, but the results found are of such interest as to justify a preliminary communication.


In the United States, a comedian named Stephen Colbert has a daily television programme called The Colbert Report. One of his regular features is called "Stephen Colbert's Formidable Opponent". In these sketches, Mr Colbert puts on a red necktie, then a blue necktie, and debates with himself. In searching for a metaphor for the agonising ethical process that thoughtful archaeologists who work with the military subject themselves to on a daily basis, the 'Formidable Opponent' strikes me as the most descriptive.


In this paper Okun'(tm)s law is tested for six European selected countries in order to compare the responsiveness of unemployment to economic growth over the period 1981-2010. In the first section there is a survey of scientific works that have observed the empirical relationship between growth and unemployment. The countries selected are representative of different socio-economic contexts today existing in Europe, i.e. EU member countries, countries that adopt the Euro, and others which are candidates to join the EU or that although EU members have chosen not to adopt the Euro. Finally, we also refer to the U.S. and Canada, which are country-systems where the regularity of Okun'(tm)s rule of thumb was conceived. In particular, we intend to represent the data of the macroeconomic variables GDP and unemployment rate in their annual variations for a time series sufficiently long to show the occurrence of the supposed regularity, and then to investigate specific cases, which represent changes compared to the expected variations. In addition to any changes occurred over time in the studied relationship, these empirical observations, along with the reported literature, will help to draw conclusions about the differences regarding the inflexibility and responsiveness to changes in the aggregated output by the labor market of the countries involved in the study.


The invention relates to a process for the production of multi-layer security products (11) consisting of at least one card (13) and at least one on at least one side of the card (13) applied polymer film which is provided on rolls and having at least one security feature (14), is provided, wherein a roller track of the polymer film (14) and at least one strip (18) with an n-times the number of benefits (12) are fed to a laminating station (31) and laminated before lamination a control line (23) on the polymer film (14) is interrogated, which is assigned to the at least applied one on the respective utility (12) security feature or the benefits (12) or the strip (18) associated with the reference mark (19) is extracted or the control line (23) and the reference mark (22) can be queried and a feed or feed or both of the roller conveyor of the polymer film (14) and the strip (18) for exa kth orientation are adapted to each other.


Based on the principles of continum mechanics, the generalized linear and non-linear constitutive equations of the anti-isotropic and isotropic thermo-elastic solids were deduced from the constitutive theorems.


The corrosion mechanism of oil field sewage pipelines was analyzed.Types,conditions and characteristics of internal and external corrosion of pipelines were investigated.The main factors to cause the corrosion of sewage pipeline were listed;the impact of these factors was analyzed.According to the domestic and foreign research results on pipeline corrosion and research situation,some protection measures were proposed,such as using the coatings,electrochemical protection,using nonmetal pipelines,adding corrosion inhibitors and so on.


The spatial distribution of photoelectrons, ejected from the K shell of atoms with high atomic numbers by linearly polarized 847, 1368, and 1779 keV photons, has been investigated. The experimental results are in good agreement with existing theoretical predictions when the predictions are modified to allow for distortions produced by scattering of the photoelectrons in the photoelectric target.


Introduction Our group has recently reported that T cells reactive to CNS-specific self proteins may prevent the spread of damage after mechanical axonal trauma to CNS [1]. This was demonstrated by the use of diffusion anisotropy MRI [2]. It was lately shown that T cell mediated neuroprotection is the body's physiological response to trauma [3], which could be boosted safely (without threat of autoimmune disease induction) using synthetic copolymer, COP-1, approved by FDA. In this study, for a first time, we show that safe boosting of beneficial autoimmunity could be achieved also in trauma of CNS gray matter. T2and diffusionweighted images and automated volume analysis, are described here, supporting this finding. Methods Injury and treatment Balb/c mice were subjected to a controlled closed head injury (CHI) [4]. Animals were immunized with Cop-1 in Complete Freud's Adjuvant (CFA) immediately after the injury and then neurological score was done. Animals treated with Cop-1 showed significantly better recovery than their non-immunized, traumatized controls. To further investigate the effect of Cop-1 immunization and to approve differences in behavior scores, animals were scanned invivo by MRI, approximately 6 weeks after the injury. Acquisition was performed with an MRI protocol already used for the CHI model[5]. T2and Diffusion-weighted images were acquired on a Bruker 4.7T Biospec scanner. T2 weighted images were acquired with a 2cm diameter surface coil using a SE sequence with TR/TE=4000/80 ms, and two averages. Diffusion weighted images were taken using a Stimulated echo sequence with TR/TE=3000/40.6 ms, and 4 averages. Diffusion gradient strength was 50mT/m applied for 8 ms. The diffusion time was 80 ms. FOV was 2.5x2.5 cm, matrix size was 128x128. 9 coronal slices, each 1mm thick, were acquired, covering the entire animal's brain. This was performed in 5 rats. Analysis The challenge in performing an automated areas' recognition lies in the non-uniform nature of the images. This is a result of several factors: different amplification for different slices, non-uniform intensities within a slice (due to the non-uniform receiving curve of the surface coil), background noise, etc. To overcome these problems we applied the following image preprocessing procedure (Fig. 2) for the T2 weighted images, in order allow the estimation of the volume the infracted region. The goal of the pre-processing was to normalize all the slices and the intensities within a slice on a common basis (Fig. 1). The whole process was performed with no use of user-defined thresholds, or expert defined regions. (a) Using the c-means algorithm we clustered the intensities within each slice and thereby defined a threshold for elimination of low intensity (i.e. low SNR) pixels. (b) By block processing each slice, we obtained a two dimensional surface describing the global intensities nonuniformities in the intensities. This curved surface was bi-cubically interpolated and subtracted from the image, to reduce the non-uniform component of the image (Fig. 2-2). (c) In order to allow a common intensities threshold, the intensities were fitted to the normal distribution, and normalized. (d) A morphological low pass filter was used to smooth data with minor smoothing of edges (Fig. 2-3). Following this pre-processing the images were processed to find 'patches' that correspond to hyper-intensity areas of infracted tissue: (e) Edges of 'patches' were found by the use of a derivative operator applied over the image. (f) The resulting border images were binarized (Fig. 2-4), using a c-means defined threshold. Isolated points and freeend lines were removed and the obtained 'patches' were labeled (Fig. 25). (g) The patches area were calculated and summed to obtain an estimation of the volume. Inter-slice accumulation was calculated only for inter-connected 'patches', starting from a single reference point manually defined in an infracted site (Fig. 2-6). Areas of infract in the T2 weighted images were qualitatively compared to the areas in the diffusion-weighted images. Results The analysis routine automatically marked the hyper-intensive areas. The infracted volumes of the mice treated with COP-1 were found to be much lower than the compared volumes of the non-treated rats (Fig. 1). The obtained volumes were: 6.52 & 3.66 mm3 for the control mice, and 3.47, 0.88 & 1.95 mm3 for the COP-1 treated mice. Comparison of the diffusion weighted areas (not-quantified numerically) with the areas appearing in the T2 weighted images. Finally we would like to remark that in accordance with other reports [5] we obtained hyperintensity infracted areas in the 'non-injured' right hemisphere, areas that possibly reflect secondary, post trauma, degeneration. Discussion The applied analysis enabled us to isolate regions of infracted tissue and obtain an estimation for the volume of the central site of damage. Cop-1 immunization led to a reduction of spread of damage associated with close head trauma. A correlation was found between the functional recovery scored neurologically and by MRI presented here. The analysis does not include any predefined thresholds, therefore it seems that it can be used for other applications that include automated determination of regions of interest.


In all stages of communist construction, the Party and the government have devoted an enormous amount of attention to improving the systems and methods of planning, viewing this as one of the most important directions in increasing the effectiveness of social production. "The central element, the heart of management of the national economy under socialism," Comrade L. I. Brezhnev noted in the Report of the Central Committee of the CPSU to the Twenty-Fourth Party Congress, "is planning. Our country has major attainments in this area, and we are justifiably proud of them. But we must not stand still; we must continue to work intensively to improve both the theory and practice of national economic planning." (1)


The most common multiple anomaly complex with pulmonary isomerism and congenital heart disease is the Ivemark asplenia syndrome.' Regular features of this disorder include: pulmonary isomerism of right lung type, with three lobar bronchi in each lung; congenital heart disease, typically single ventricle and functionally common atria, with the great arteries in the position of transposition, plus pulmonic stenosis or atresia; anomalous pulmonary venous connection and anomalous systemic venous patterns; abnormal visceral situs, with intestinal malrotation and symmetric liver; absence of the spleen; two-thirds predominance of male sex and right aortic arch.2 The proposal that the Ivemark syndrome is the result of "bilateral right-~idedness"~ is supported by: 1. Pulmonary isomerism of right lung type 2. Absence of the spleen, which is the only major viscus that develops entirely on the left side of the body 3. Symmetric entry of the right and left superior venae cavae into the right and left atrial chambers, both of which have the anatomy of right atria4 4. High frequency of extracardiac pulmonary venous connection.2 (In the sense that both atria are embryologically right atria, into which pulmonary veins do not normally enter, both cardiac and extracardiac venous connections are embryologically anomalous in this disorder.)


The purpose of this research to examine the effect of Profitability, Leverage, liquidity and size of the Company's Stock Return Manufacturing Company in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2017 with variable control which is liquidity to avoid biased result. This research is use secondary data which is quantitative. Sampling method is using purposive sampling and get 64 data as result. This study uses associative method and multiple linear regression analysis techniques and includes the classic assumption test. The result of this research shows that leverage has a positive and not significant effect on the stock return, profitability has a positive and significant effect on the stock return, and the liquidity has a positive and not significant effect on the stock return


Autoimmune hepatitis is rare in children. Two types are identified according to the presence of different autoantibodies in the serum: the antinuclear and/or smooth muscle antibody (ANA/SMA) characterizes type 1, whereas the liver-kidney microsomal (LKM-1) and/or anti-liver cytosol antibody defines type 2 (1). The treatment of autoimmune hepatitis relies on immunosuppressive drugs, usually prednisone and azathioprine, which are often combined, with azathioprine playing a steroidsparing role (2,3). However, these drugs may have side effects that can limit or even contraindicate their administration. Among the possible azathioprine-related side effects, interstitial pneumonitis has rarely been reported in adults (4–13), and even more rarely in children (14). The diagnosis must be determined rapidly so that the treatment may be interrupted before irreversible sequelae develop. In such situations, even though corticosteroids are helpful, they may not control the progress of the disease by themselves, making the use of other drugs necessary, among which cyclosporin A appears to be one of the most promising (15). We report on a young girl with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis in whom azathioprine treatment had to be interrupted after the development of interstitial pneumonitis. She was successfully treated with cyclosporin A for 5 years. A relapse occurred a few months later and was controlled with the reintroduction of cyclosporin A.


The invention discloses a kind of isolation and purification method of methionine, concretely comprise the following steps:1) methionine salt is acidified with acid to, cooled down, crystallized, filtered and to obtain filtrate and methionine crystal, methionine crystal is further washed and obtains washing lotion and methionine wet product;) filtrate that obtains step 1), washing lotion be merged into mixed liquor, mixed liquor is concentrated into the mother liquor that salt content is 10 28wt%, methionine content is 2% 5%, mother liquor enters homogeneous membrane electrodialysis after decolorization by accurate filter, carries out desalting processing until the salt in light room is reduced to 3 7wt%;3) solution in the light room after step 2) processing is subjected to out-phase membrane electrodialysis deep desalting again, until the salt in light room decreases below 0.1wt%, obtains methionine aqueous solution, the further condensing crystallizing of methionine aqueous solution is obtained into methionine product.Salt feed liquid containing methionine need not be diluted by this method;Concentration is repeated also without by the inorganic salts filtrate containing methionine, causes methionine that thermal decomposition occurs and generates foul gas.


The novel transmission mechanism of high-speed press which ensures inertial balance was proposed. For the deficiency of optimum algorithm,a hybrid algorithm combining genetic algorithm with differential evolution was presented and its scheme was stated. Then the mechanism was simplified and optimization model was established. A comparative study for kinematics was made between original and optimized dimensions by the GA-DE algorithm. As the result shown, the optimized mechanism is of better output motion for high-speed punching,which indicates the algorithm is highly effective.


The needs in the highly challenging environment for industrial competitiveness to keep the products quality within acceptable levels and on-time deliveries through optimum machine functionality called for maintenance culture in order to guarantee the system`s long-term reliability.The system`s longterm reliability, operating cost and useful life depend on the effectiveness of the preventive maintenance performed over the life cycle of the system. Consequently, in order to obtain an optimal preventive maintenance policy, there is a need for a metric to evaluate and quantify the amount of required periodicity to help design new and effective maintenance strategies. A novel metric to calculate the functional periodicity has been established using the complexity theory. This can be used for comparing the different maintenance policy alternatives. Finally, an industrial example is used to exemplify the application of the metric to verify the optimal policy of the proposed preventive maintenance model.


Allanblackia parviflora A. Chev. is an indigenous tree species which is found in West African rainforest zones. It is an underutilized fruit tree species that has been targeted for improvement as part of efforts to domesticate high-value indigenous multi-purpose trees for fruit and seed production in Africa. Allanblackia has several benefits, such as providing shade, timber, and medicine; however, the production of edible oil from its seeds is the economically most important use. There is evidence that the Allanblackia seed oil, which is used for cooking, the production of margarine and the manufacturing of ointments and soap, is being developed as a new agri-business in Ghana, Nigeria, Cameroon, and Tanzania. Despite the nutritional and socio-economic importance of A. parviflora, it is still at the early stages of its domestication process. Even though several researchers have explored the biology of this species, there is very limited scientific information available on its morphological and genetic diversity and silvicultural management in West Africa. Therefore, this systematic review presents an up-to-date overview on the uses, seed chemical composition, and morphological and genetic diversity of this fruit tree species, and proposes a way forward for future research towards improvement and domestication.


Personalized cancer care is generally thought of as using molecular information from tumors in order to identify which therapeutic agents will be most effective in a given patient.


The study was carried out on growth regularity of 24-year-old Cunninghamia konishii plantation in Laizhou National Forestry Trial Farm with the compared sample plots investigation and stem analysis.The results indicated that:the mean increment was largest of 0.96m at the age of 12 years and current annual height increment was 1.35m per year which was the highest point at the age of 10 years,the Cunninghamia konishii growth spurt turn up in 12 years.Current annual DBH increment of 16-year topped to1.45cm per year,and that mean increment increased year by year.Current annual volume increment was the largest of 0.00543 m3·a-1and the mean increment changed a little before the age of 10 years,and changed largely after the age of 10 years.The Richards growth equations of height,DBH and individual volume were developed with good results as follows:H = 16.596( 1-e-0.13554t)1.8279,D = 16078.496( 1-e-0.00019t)1.2677and V = 0.02276( 1-e-0.02646t)1.3974.Residual sum of squares were 0.1782,0.8528,and 0.0000194.