The intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) modality is used by the medical practitioner to detect the coronary artery disease called atherosclerosis, which is the hardening of the artery wall and subsequently narrow the blood vessel. In this paper, we present the segmentation method for detecting the lumen border of a coronary artery using IVUS images. The automated segmentation used is Otsu threshold, binary-morphological operation and empirical threshold. Thirty samples of IVUS images inclusive of the ground truth (manual tracings) were obtained from Computer Vision Centre, Bellaterra, Dept. Matematica Aplicada i Anàlisi, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona was used in this study. The result of the proposed automated segmentation is then compared with the ground truth provided. The segmentation performance of the proposed method is measured using Jaccard Index (JI), Dice Similarity Index (DI), Hausdorff Distance (HD), Area Overlapped Error (AOE) and Percentage Area Difference (PAD). The Bland Altman Plot is used to show the variation between the proposed automatic segmentation and ground truth. The results obtained show that the segmentation performance based on JI, DI, AOE and PAD of the proposed method is reasonably good when compared to other existing segmentation methods. However, further improvement is needed to obtain better HD value.


This study aims to improve Learning Outcomes through the Jigsaw Learning Model. The benefits of the research that the author formulated in this study are that students are able to understand the material of Integer Mixed Calculation Operations through the Jigsaw Learning Model.Based on the Learning model used, it was concluded that the results of learning evaluation have improved. This can be seen from the comparison of learning evaluation results between precycle, cycle I, and cycle II. In the precycle there were only 6 people (20%) out of 30 students who obtained scores above KKM (65), in the first cycle there were 17 people (56.7%) out of 30 students who obtained scores above KKM, and in the second cycle there were 29 people (96.66%) from 30 students who obtained scores above KKM with a grade point average of 83.66. So from these results, it can be concluded that the Jigsaw Learning Model can improve student learning outcomes in Mathematics lessons on Integer Mixed Calculation Operations material in grade V SDN Sirnagalih 03 Kec.Tamansari, Bogor Regency.


A rigorous analysis of surface acoustic wave (SAW) reflection and scattering by electrodes is of paramount importance in the design of SAW identification tags and sensors. In this paper, a new method based on Green's function concept is used to study reflection and scattering coefficients. By this method the reflection coefficient with its phase angle, transmission coefficient, and bulk wave scattering coefficient, can be obtained rapidly and accurately. To get precise result, the influence of static charge must be taken into account. In the work, we successfully cancelled out the effect of static charge and the validity of the results was checked. As an example, the reflection, transmission and scattering coefficients ora single grounded electrode on 128°YX LiNbO3 is shown.


ABSTRACT A very attractive property of the mixed integer-valued autoregressive model is that it can capture structural changes. Inspired by this, we propose a mixed generalized Poisson integer-valued autoregressive model with a mixture of the quasi-binomial and generalized Poisson thinning operators. The first-order and higher-order mixed models are introduced, respectively. Some properties of the mixed models are presented. Conditional maximum likelihood estimation is considered for the parameters of the proposed model. The mean, median and mode of the conditional distribution are used to predict the one-step-ahead values. Furthermore, an approximate Bayesian model averaging prediction with the Bayesian information criterion is introduced to the higher-order models in the application to real data. Some Monte Carlo simulation results are presented for assessing the performance of parameter estimation and forecasting methods. At last, the applications of proposed models to real data are given for illustrating purposes.


A connector assembly that prevents damage to a cable is provided. The connector assembly includes an inserting aperture that is disposed on one side of a housing of an electronic power element and a female connector that is connected to an embedded cable disposed within the housing and detachably mounted in the inserting aperture. Further, a male connector connects the embedded cable to an external cable when coupled with the female connector.


The flow of books and journal articles on the "Computer Revolution" has been like a flash flood, whose crest occurred sometime in mid-1985. Between late 1984 and mid-1986, this reviewer received or was made aware of, on the average, one book every week purporting to analyze or chronicle the spread of computing technology into modern society. Since that time the flow has subsided, although it is still well above the more manageable level of a few years ago. In the introductory chapter to The Control Revolution, James R. Beniger acknowledges this phenomenon. Indeed, one of the intriguing aspects of this book is his own analysis of it, At times the book concentrates on the reasons a11 these books are being written about essentially the same theme; at other times his "control revolution" has to stand in line with the "micro-millenium," "third wave," "information economy," and all the others [a twopage table in the first chapter lists 75 names given to this transformation of society observed since 1950). The central thesis of the book is that the recent flood of discussion about computers and information processing is the result of events that took place at the turn of the century, a good 50 years before the invention of the electronic digital


Abstract : The convenience of IEEE 8O2.11-based wireless access networks has led to widespread deployment in the consumer, industrial and military sectors However, this use is predicated on an implicit assumption of confidentiality and availability In addition to widely publicized security flaws in IEEE 8O2.11's basic confidentially mechanisms, the threats to network availability presents any equal, if not greater danger to users of IEEE 8O2.11-based networks It has been successfully demonstrated that IEEE 8O2.11 is highly susceptible to malicious denial-of-service (DoS) attacks targeting its management and media access protocols Computer simulation models have proven to be effective tools in the study of cause and effect in numerous fields This thesis involved the design and implementation of a IEEE 8O2.11-based simulation model using OMNeT++, to investigate the effects of different types of DoS attacks on a IEEE 8O2.11 network, and the effectiveness of corresponding countermeasures.


Through case studies in conflict zones of Batticaloa, Eastern Sri Lanka, this paper examines how a community-based monitoring system can become an integral component of local conflict transformation efforts. In particular, it sets out to evaluate how CBMS can contribute to local level planning under a specific context of latent violent conflict and how it can capacitate communities to deal with development challenges in a peaceful and constructive way. The methods tested out during the pilot study were a mix of quantitative and qualitative research methodology that produced a multi-faceted data basis for poverty analysis. The conclusion reflects upon the ramifications of initiating a CBMS in a relatively uncertain political environment of conflict transition and recommends taking into account a wide range of external and internal risks as well as strategies that are adapted to the specific political and socio-cultural set-up. Rationale for piloting CBMS in conflict-affected areas Community-based monitoring system (CBMS) challenges conventional approaches toward poverty-related data acquisition and management organized and conducted by central government offices. _____________ * CMBS-Sri Lanka Co-Project Leader and member, CBMS Research Team-Sri Lanka, respectively. Proceedings of the 2005 CBMS Network Meeting 668 Centrally acquired statistical data are without doubt crucial to monitor a broad variety of social and economic trends. However, they are frequently inaccessible and irrelevant to community-based organizations and individuals dealing with processes of local-level change in rural areas. Data inaccessibility is often both a physical and cognitive problem. National statistical data sets are mostly onedimensional and fail in explaining local level poverty dynamics and the many social, economic, environmental and political factors that impinge on rural households and local-level decisionmaking processes. The processing and publication of centrally administered data is also usually geared toward scientists, policymakers and highly specialized staff of the private sector, which may pose a cognitive barrier to data use for communities with limited access to education. These shortcomings apply in particular to areas affected by prolonged violent conflict and civil war. In north eastern Sri Lanka, for example, a prolonged conflict between the state and armed rebel groups have left the rural areas in ruins, with an estimated number of 60,000 people killed in over 20 years of conflict, and hundreds of thousands displaced either within the country or abroad. The structural consequences of such prolonged phases of armed conflict are visible throughout the region: dilapidated infrastructure, inoperable local level institutions, and a lack of local-level planning capacities, to name but a few. The aims of investigating options for a CBMS in eastern Sri Lanka therefore were twofold: The first was anticipated to explore if and to what extent CBMS can offer alternatives for community-level data collection in the specific context of latent violent conflict and thus fulfill a basic prerequisite for any local level planning initiative. With its distinct approach, CBMS anticipates bridging the gap between the 'sample' and the 'user' of socio-economic data. It provides an opportunity for gathering, managing and using poverty related data directly at the community level with community members, administrative officers and external researchers cooperating. CBMS data can subsequently be used by community-based organizations Mayer and Fuenfgeld: CBMS as a Measure for Peace-Building 669 for displaying and explaining their livelihood, identifying development goals and obstacles to government authorities, non-governmental organizations and other local decisionmakers. This can in turn lead to a more informed cooperation between communities and external organizations, and a more proactive role of communities in the process of project planning and implementation. The outcomes of the CBMS pilot study carried out in Batticaloa, eastern Sri Lanka, will be assessed against this major objective. The second objective takes CBMS a step further and aims at integrating it into existing local-level efforts of transforming a society that has suffered from prolonged conflict and developing its capacity to deal with local development challenges in a peaceful, constructive way. This is commonly understood as conflict transformation (Lederach, 1995; Rupesinghe, 1995; Miall, 2001). As the discussion will show, a CBMS that is also designed as an initiative for promoting participatory and more equitable local-level decisionmaking can offer several entry points for long-term conflict transformation. The example of a conflict assessment training program that was carried out in Batticaloa for governmental and non-governmental decisionmakers acting on the community level revealed important benefits of including decisionmaking bodies and individuals in a CBMS process. It also highlighted opportunities of such outreach for conflict transformation and peacebuilding. Pilot study on CBMS in a conflict zone: alternatives for local-level planning Goals of the Batticaloa case study The CBMS case study in Batticaloa District focused on evaluating possible causes for an increase or decrease of marginalization of communities or individuals, i.e., the dynamics and relational aspects of poverty. Here, a special focus lay on the consequences of the violent conflict and changes during the peace process. Beyond that, the pilot study also aimed at investigating the characteristics of desired life-chances and aspirations of specific target groups (gender-, caste-, Proceedings of the 2005 CBMS Network Meeting 670 class-, and age-related) in a heavily conflict-affected area. A further study goal was developing adequate methodologies for CBMS and local-level planning in a conflict/ post-conflict context, based on experimental empirical studies as well as investigating options for the institutionalization of CBMS in an area affected by prolonged violent conflict.


Energy transfer from carotenoid is partially blocked by pre-excitation of the energy accepter, bacteriochlorophyll a. By analyzing induced changes in energy flow, the energy transfer and competing internal conversion dynamics in the complexes are elucidated.


This study aims to find out whether: (1) self efficacy mathematics of students who are taught by the learning model of Treffinger oriented local wisdom with better-tiered assignment or not from self efficacy of students receiving conventional learning, (2) students' mathematics student competence taught by model Lessons are used to perform better or better tasks from students receiving conventional learning, (3) there is some self-efficacy and simultaneous mathematical strategies between students who are taught by Treffinger-aided learning model with tiered assignments conventional learning. This research type is quasi experiment with posttest only control group design. Data in this research is self efficacy mathematics used by using questionnaire and data required by student. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively on the basis of t-test 1 for hypothesis 1 and hypothesis 2, and MANOVA test for hypothesis 3. Characteristics of the teaching-oriented model of Treffinger oriented local wisdom with the help of this tiered function are: (1) student involvement in the problem and they as participants active in problem solving, (2) the science of cognitive dimension and student affectivity to seek the direction of problem solving provided, (3) the students do group analysis to explore ideas, and (4) the students use the acquired understanding to solve other related problems with everyday life. In addition, by delivering advice sourced from Bali's reliable local wisdom and making the process more enjoyable. Given tiered tasks in learning mathematics such as practice questions that can be done effectively. Through the learning model oriented Treffinger local wisdom assisted by this tiered task is expected students are able to solve problems in a way with their own. The process of thinking to discuss mathematical problems and will foster confidence in students to solve problems related to other terms for the next. To complete the problem of tiered training well, also required good students also.


WhatsApp is a popular messaging app used by over a billion users around the globe. Due to this popularity, understanding misbehavior on WhatsApp is an important issue. The sending of unwanted junk messages by unknown contacts via WhatsApp remains understudied by researchers, in part because of the end-to-end encryption offered by the platform. We address this gap by studying junk messaging on a multilingual dataset of 2.6M messages sent to 5K public WhatsApp groups in India. We characterise both junk content and senders. We find that nearly 1 in 10 messages is unwanted content sent by junk senders, and a number of unique strategies are employed to reflect challenges faced on WhatsApp, e.g., the need to change phone numbers regularly. We finally experiment with on-device classification to automate the detection of junk, whilst respecting end-to-end encryption.


: The chemical composition and in-vitro digestibility of bitter orange ( Citrus aurantium ) , Grapefruit ( Citrus paradisi ), mandarin ( Citrus reticulata) , lemon ( Citrus limon) and orange (Citrus sinensis) peels and pomac-es were assessed for their ability as alternative feed. Chemical composition assessment was done through chemical analysis, and ANKOM Daisy II incubator was used to determine the in-vitro digestibility. There was no statistical significance between citrus byproducts in terms of chemical composition (p>0.05). The citrus by-products had high amounts of total phenolic content (p ≤0.01). The in-vitro digestibility of the peels was significantly higher than the pomaces (p<0.001). The five citrus species in this study showed high metabolizable energy and are viable as non-for - age energy sources in ruminant feed. Lemon byproducts had higher protein compared to others but not sufficient as a single protein source while bitter orange pomace had higher total phenolic content and digestibility. The abundance of citrus agro-industrial byproducts, their chemical composition and their digestibility makes it a good consideration for ruminant feed modification.


Your article "Vascular Headaches and Oral Contraceptives" (OCs) raises a number of questions about the study which I hoped would be answered in the discussion. They were not. Could you please clarify your paper by giving us the following information: 1. What were the ages of the patients in the various groups? 2. What were their parities? 3. Which ones were cigarette users and how many cigarettes/day were they using while taking the pill? 4. What types and dosages of OCs were they using? On the basis of recent reviews in the literature age parity dosage and above all cigarette smoking are modifiers of vascular complication rates. Without information on these factors your study raises legitimate concerns but provides no basis or scientific assessment of your results. Headache in users of birth control pills is an important and clinically recurring problem. With such a large series I hope you will be able to clarify the results of your study so that it will be useful. (full text)


The global tax environment has become a complex labyrinth and its navigation for company boards and directors is fraught with danger. Though companies might seek to lawfully pay as little tax as possible the pertinent question is how far should they go in this endeavour?


This poster presents public library innovations during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Many public libraries quickly adapted to the pandemic environment, changing and improving their operations and services to meet the new challenges and demands from their users. We collected two datasets to investigate these innovations: the first dataset comprised 751 tweets from the 12 largest public libraries in the U.S., and the second dataset included 72 articles from 3 major professional magazines. These datasets were analyzed to identify innovative services provided between 2020 and 2021. A rigorous content analysis involving multiple coders was conducted. The findings from both datasets highlight that public libraries quickly changed their service delivery modes and implemented diverse innovative services to bridge the digital divide, support health and technology literacy, and help with unemployment and career development. Libraries made efforts to reach out to their communities during lockdowns and also served as community education centers during difficult times, combating with misinformation and focusing on assisting marginalized populations. Additionally, the magazine articles introduced innovative services that pertained not only to user services but also to internal operations within public libraries.


There is growing evidence that women with ischemia and no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) have an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Half of these women continue to experience persistent chest pain (PChP); however longer-term outcomes are unknown.

 To investigate the relationships between PChP at 1-year with obstructive and nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and longer-term all-cause mortality, MACE and angina hospitalization in women with suspected myocardial ischemia.

 We studied 673 women with chest pain undergoing coronary angiography for suspected myocardial ischemia in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study. PChP was defined as self-reported continuing chest pain at 1-year, obstructive CAD as >50 stenosis in any coronary artery and non-obstructive CAD was further divided as <20% stenosis and 20–50% stenosis in any coronary artery. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate cumulative incidence rates of all-cause mortality, MACE, and angina hospitalization. Proportional hazards regression estimated adjusted hazard ratios of mortality, MACE and angina hospitalization in relation to PChP at 1-year in obstructive and nonobstructive CAD.

 The median age was 58 years, 45% had PChP, and 39% had obstructive CAD with a median follow-up time of 9 years (range 1 to 11) for mortality and 5 years (range 0 to 9) for MACE and anginal hospitalization. There was no difference in mortality or MACE in women with PChP compared to women without PChP in any of the 3 groups (<20%, 20–50%, or >50% CAD), however differences were noted in long-term angina hospitalization (Figure 1). Notably,angina hospitalization rates in women with PChP and nonobstructive CAD were 2.2 times those of women without PChP, and comparable to those of women with obstructive CAD and no PChP (p<0.0001).

 Among women undergoing coronary angiography for suspected myocardial ischemia, women with nonobstructive CAD and PChP have rates of angina hospitalization comparable to patients with obstructive CAD without PChP. Thus, PChP increases the hazard of long term anginal hospitalization regardless of the presence or absence of obstructive CAD. Given the economic burden of angina hospitalization, further studies are needed to determine whether aggressive treatment in women with PChP without obstructive CAD changes outcomes and impact on the health care system.
 Figure 1

 Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): National Institute of Health (NIH)


A technique for the sensitization of the direct darkening phenomenon is developed and applied to the determination of gamma dosage. Positive movie film is treated with solutions such as metallic salts, sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, or a few organic reducing agents. The film is immersed in the pending solution 5 minutes at 20 deg C, before exposing to light, and dried quickly. This treatment increases the sensitiveness of the direct darkening phenomenon ten times or more when one utilizes the following solutions: silver nitrate (0.1 to 0.5%), sodium sulfite (0.5 to 1.0%), sodium nitride (1.5 to 15%), sodium nitrite (1.0 to 3.0%), triethanolamine (1.0 to 3.0%), genol (0.3 to 3.0%), or hydroquinone (1.0 to 5.0%). The direct darkening phenomenon was observed in emulsions exposed to cobalt60 gamma sources; in this case the sensittzation of the emulsion was due to the aforesaid treatment. The positive film with this treatment is able to detect radiation of the order of 10/sup 5/r; and when this film is utilized for radiography, one is able to detect radiation of 10/sup 4/r. (N.W.R.)


The use of derivative-free methods to give maximum likelihood estimates of bivariate variance parameters is illustrated. An algorithm is given for the case when the same fixed effect model applies to both traits and the variance matrices for the two traits and the covariance matrix between the two traits have the same structure. Each of these three matrices depending on two variance parameters, giving a total of six parameters. By reparameterising in terms of canonical heritabilities and a transformation matrix a six dimensional problem is reduced to a two-dimensional problem. Extensions to other models are briefly indicated. One important case is when each animal is measured on only one trait.


Abstract Five factors that will eventually lead to political–legal changes in the Antarctic Treaty System are analysed. The increase in membership, heterogeneity and asymmetry of the states that are part of it, including the seven claimants, has produced substantial changes in the political equilibrium of this international regime. The pressure to internationalise Antarctic governance puts stress on the relationship between "traditional" and "new" Antarctic countries. It is a scenario where the importance of sovereignty and the influence of the claimant states are greater than is normally assumed in the public discourse. The new uses of, and economic and strategic interests in Antarctica have also had an important effect on the evolution of this international regime. The purpose of this article is to promote prospective studies about all these topics. It is necessary to think about the future of Antarctic governance to ensure that strategic decisions are taken at the appropriate time, so that the objectives of the Antarctic Treaty System can be achieved. The task of thinking about Antarctic futures must be faced with a multidisciplinary vision.


It is clear that Professor Robert P. Adams carefully read the review of the third edition of this work, Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Quadrupole Mass Spectroscopy [sic], (Allured, copyright 2001, 2004) that appeared in this journal (J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2005, 16, 1902–1903). The title was changed to use the term mass spectrometry rather than mass spectroscopy, information about how the MSD transmission quadrupole mass spectrometer was tuned is included, and the scan rate at which data were collected is also included. Most importantly, the esoteric set of references that appeared in previous editions now includes clear titles for the journal articles. This edition also includes a good description of how the retention times were recorded and how to use retention times in conjunction with a comparison of the mass spectral data. The text editing on this edition is improved over that of the previous edition, although apparently at least part of the Preface was copied from the previous edition. Both editions contain the sentence, "This book is an outgrowth of the previous books (Identification of Essential Oils by Ion Trap Mass Spectroscopy, Academic Press, 1989; Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy, Allured Publishing, 1995), but " What happened to the third edition published in 2001? Surely, it should have been mentioned along with the first and second editions. The most significant addition to this edition is an additional spectra of 600 (actual count is 598) compounds to give a total of 2205 spectra, compared with 1607 spectra in the third edition, 1252 spectra in the second edition, and about 700 spectra in the first edition. Like the third edition, the spectra in the fourth edition were acquired on a 5970 mass selective detector. Spectra in the first two editions were acquired using a Finnigan ITD 700 three-dimensional (3D) quadrupole


Radar cross section (RCS) is a very important measure in the field of radar stealth and radar anti-stealth. Several full-wave simulation methods are introduced in this paper, and the RCS of an S-shaped inlet is calculated respectively using these methods implanted in the commercial software CST MICROWAVE STUDIOreg (CST MWS). The calculated results in CST MWS are in agreement with the measurement. Finally, these methods, which are compared in terms of accuracy, memory requirements and CPU time, are discussed with respect to the advantages and limitations in calculating the RCS of electrically large concave structures.


the knowledge sharing among learners in the e-learning process has been receiving increasing attention, while there are less empirical researches now. Our investigation-based research suggests that the key motivator of knowledge transmitting is achievement and the leading motivator of knowledge absorbing is growth. Knowledge transmitting mostly rely on the sense of affiliation in the group while knowledge absorbing mainly rely on toleration, affiliation and trust. The learners with more knowledge transmitting are usually companied with higher learning efficiency, and the one with more knowledge absorbing is companied with both learning efficiency and learning result.


Firstly introduces the development of DVR ,secondly analyses the superiority of the MPEG 4 applied in DVR ,lastly the implementation is qiven.


Free convection heat transfer on a vertical solidified front is affected by liquid properties in general. Especially, in a case of stili water which has a maximum density at 40C, the fiow of free conyection along the front occurs upward, downward or bothways, respectively, depending on the temperature of still water. In this paper, heat transfer of free convection on a vertical frozen front is analyzed. Experimentai results of heat transfer coefficient on a vertical frozen front show ac good agreeme凱with儘e ana圭ytical reSuks. 1. lntroduction Free convection heat transfer orr a solidified front is an important problem in investigating soiidification pheRomena of stili iiquid. Physical properties of many liquids change monotonously, depending on temperature. ln analyzing the heat traRsfer problems, the yaiue of physical propert.ies at an average temperature is usually adopted. But, in case of several liquids with. unmonotonous temperature dependable physical properties, the anaiyt.ical results on heat transfer often cause considerabie errors by using physical values at the average temperature. Especially, free-convection heat transfer on a frozen front in still water,which has the maximum density at 40C, is very unique. In this paper, free convection heat transfer on a vertical frozen front is theoreti.cally analyzed as a heat transfer problem with temperature dependable physical properties and is compared with the experimental results. 2. Analysis C: Cp: F: g: Grh: Grx: if: Nomenclature : dimensionless constant specific heat, kcal/OC kg dimensioniess dependent variable acceleration of gravity, m/s2 Grashof number local Grashof number height of frozen front, m Power and Control Lab., Toshiba Research and Development Center, Tokyo Shibaura F.lectric Co. eeee Research Lab., Japan Steel Work Co. 'Xec'ee Department ofMechanical Englneering, Hokkaido University. 34 Osamu OZAKI, Tadao IWADATE, Nobuhiro SEKI and Takesi SAITO 2 h: 瓦、κ: Pr : T: Z4二 四: x: 夕: q: e:


Knowledge distillation is a potential solution for model compression. The idea is to make a small student network imitate the target of a large teacher network, then the student network can be competitive to the teacher one. Most previous studies focus on model distillation in the classification task, where they propose different architectures and initializations for the student network. However, only the classification task is not enough, and other related tasks such as regression and retrieval are barely considered. To solve the problem, in this paper, we take face recognition as a breaking point and propose model distillation with knowledge transfer from face classification to alignment and verification. By selecting appropriate initializations and targets in the knowledge transfer, the distillation can be easier in non-classification tasks. Experiments on the CelebA and CASIA-WebFace datasets demonstrate that the student network can be competitive to the teacher one in alignment and verification, and even surpasses the teacher network under specific compression rates. In addition, to achieve stronger knowledge transfer, we also use a common initialization trick to improve the distillation performance of classification. Evaluations on the CASIA-Webface and large-scale MS-Celeb-1M datasets show the effectiveness of this simple trick.


Soil samples collected at 0-10, 11-20 and 21-30 cm from two apiaries in Lula, Mississippi were separately analyzed for soil texture. Populations of small hive beetles (SHB) in the soil and inside the hives were also counted. Our results showed that the two apiaries had different soil textures with different levels of infestation both in the soil and inside the hives. We recorded signifi cantly more adult beetles in apiary 1 (May = 109.35 ± 24.42, June = 607.6 ± 136.25 beetles per colony) where the soil was predominantly silty clay and silty clay loam than in apiary 2 (May = 37.08 ± 5.40, June = 260.4 ± 54.97 beetles per colony), which had mostly sandy loam and loam soil. Regardless of soil type, the density of SHB per 1,200 cm 3 soil varied with soil depth. The density of SHB was greatest (8.54 ± 1.92 beetles) in the fi rst 10 cm of soil in which most of the larvae and pupae were observed close to the surface of the soil. A few (0.48 ± 0.12 beetles) SHB were also found at 11-20 cm, but no beetle was found at 21-30 cm. This preference for the fi rst 10 cm was not infl uenced by soil type since no consistent soil type was recorded for a particular soil depth. Our results showed that SHB populations successfully developed in various types of soil and that vertical movement of larvae in the soil was not infl uenced by soil type. Nevertheless, it is possible that the discrepancy in SHB populations between the two locations may have been due to the amount of available soil moisture. In a fi eld setting, the difference in water retention ability of different soil types and fi eld slope (drainage) potentially affected the amount of moisture in the soil. The presence of nematodes also may have contributed to the death of developing SHB in apiary 2. This is the fi rst report on the natural infestation of nematodes in teneral adults of SHB in the soil.


From Oakland to Barcelona to Berlin, housing activists are demanding the resocialization of housing and engaging in insurgent practices of reclaiming housing from corporate landlords. In contesting...


YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-{delta}} (YBCO) thick films were prepared on Ni based alloys with an ion beam assisted deposited and textured yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) buffer layer. Transport critical current densities (J{sub c}) over 1 {times} 10{sup 6} A/cm{sup 2} at 75 K, and over 1 {times} 10{sup 7} A/cm{sup 2} at 4 K were obtained in the 1 {mu}m thick YCBO films. Zero field critical current of 198 Amps at 75 K was obtained in a 2 {mu}m thick and 1 cm wide YBCO film. Angular dependence measurement revealed J{sub c} peaks for both H//c and H//a-b. The peak for H//c implies additional pinning due to defects such as small angle grain boundaries or twin boundaries. It was also found that the thick films on Ni based alloys were quite flexible.


The present study investigated the Intelligence of Secondary School Students of Arunachal Pradesh.The study was conducted on eight hundred (800) class-X students by giving due representation to boys and girls as well as rural and urban localities of two districts in Arunachal Pradesh, namely: East Siang and Lohit. The schools were selected using stratified random sampling technique. The selected schools belong to the category of government as well as private schools which are affiliated to CBSE i.e., Central Board of Secondary Education, New Delhi and controlled and supervised by the Department of Education, Govt. of Arunachal Pradesh. The descriptive survey method is used for data collection. As far as intelligence was measured by using the group test of mental ability constructed and standardized by Dr. S. Jalota.The findings of the study reported thaton intelligence the mean scores of students of Lohit district is better than that of East Siang district; and comparison between government and private school students on intelligence of both the districts it is found that both districts private school students are mentally (intelligence) better than government


BI‐ALCL is a rare CD30+ T‐cell malignancy, which is known to complicate textured breast implants. The CD30‐targeting immunoconjugate, brentuximab vedotin, has been suggested for invasive BI‐ALCL; however, its efficacy for unresectable BI‐ALCL has not been demonstrated. We present a case of unresectable BI‐ALCL, which was successfully treated with brentuximab vedotin.


Eighty‐seven families representing multicultural groups, many of whom were also economically disadvantaged, participated in Project Mandala, a college‐based, federally funded enrichment and family support program for special populations of gifted learners. The children, ages 4–8 and 11–14, were identified by individual psychoeducational assessment. They attended Saturday and summer enrichment programs at the college. Parents participated in the development of an Individual Family Support Plan intended to enhance the identified child's educational progress. Goals of the plan evolved out of a parent interview and results of the child's assessment. At the end of the Project all of the plan goals had been met or addressed. Families reported positive reactions to the planning process.


Terfenol-D is one of magnetostrictive materials which have the property of converting the energy in magnetic fields into mechanical movement and vice versa. We designed and fabricated a linear magnetostrictive actuator using Terfenol-D. It has 25 mm diameter and 100 mm long. To grasp the characteristics of it, a series of tests were performed in the range of 50 Hz below. Induced-strain actuation displacements of the actuator measured by test and predicted by magnetic analysis agreed well. And blocked forces according to the input currents were estimated from the testing results. Modelling method representing the exerting force of a linear magnetostrictive actuator was confirmed through some testing results.


Leg problems may partly be prevented by providing a broiler chicken with optimal light schedules for bone development in early life. It can be speculated that continuous light and a sudden switch from light to darkness and vice versa lead to more stress and, therefore, decrease bone development than a prolonged dark period and dimming (a gradual transition, as in nature) in early life. Newly hatched Ross 308 chickens from a 27 week old broiler breeder flock (n = 500) were exposed to an initial continuous light period of 12 hours. Thereafter, 5 light schedules were applied until 4 days post-hatch: 1. Continuous light (24L); 2. Short dark period without dimming (2L:1D abrupt); 3. Short dark period with dimming (2L:1D dimming); 4. Long dark period without dimming (2L:6D abrupt); 5. Long dark period with dimming (2L:6D dimming). Body weight and feed intake were determined on day 0 and day 4 post-hatch. At day 4 post-hatch, 35 chickens per treatment were sacrificed to determine femur and tibia characteristics. Data were analyzed using the GLM procedure with individual body weight as a covariable for the bone characteristics. Most light schedules did not show large or consistent effects on bone development. An exception was 2L:6D dimming compared to 24L. The 2L:6D dimming treatment had significantly lower tibia length (-0.9 mm) and diameter (-0.14 mm), and femur length (-0.53 mm) and diameter (-0.18 mm) than the 24L treatment (all P<0.001). Body weight at day 4 post-hatch was comparable between 24L and 2L:6D dimming, but feed conversion ratio was highest for 24L (0.81) and lowest for 2L:6D for both abrupt (0.73) and dimming (0.72; P<0.001). 2 HATCHTECH | Light Schedule and Bone Development It can be speculated that chickens exposed to a prolonged dark period were less active than chickens exposed to continuous light, and therefore had lower feed conversion ratio. It is not clear whether decreased bone development as found under a prolonged dark period of 6 hours with dimming results in increased incidence of leg problems in later life. This is currently being investigated. To conclude, continuous light led to larger bones than a prolonged dark period and dimming, but less efficient feed conversion. © Copyright 2013 HatchTech B.V., the Netherlands. HatchTech B.V. reserves the right to alter or modify the article without prior notice. No part of this article may be copied or reproduced without the written permission of HatchTech B.V.


Consistency in user interface design is generally recognized as a desirable goal. The main problem facing most practitioners is how to achieve it. In many cases the solution begins with a user interface styleguide that defines the design criteria for user interface developers. A styleguide is a necessary, but not sufficient, part of the solution. In practice, achieving consistency requires a multi-faceted approach ranging from design guidelines to organizational structures and processes. This paper discusses macroergonomic aspects of styleguide development in a large software development organization, focusing on the processes and organizational strategies used to develop content and achieve initial buyin by user interface designers and developers.


ing all the variation pointed out above, we can schematize the second struc ture as (27a, b). (27) a. Amis, Atayal, Bunun, Kavalan, Paiwan, Puyuma, Rukai, Truku Seediq exists [X Y]NOM (lit. Y's X exists) b. Mantauran Rukai exists [Y] OBL [X]NOM (lit. X exists to Y) 3.3 Y Has X vs. Y's X Exists In this section, I attempt to determine the semantic variation associated with the two struc aures 'Y has X' and 'Y's X exists' in the three languages (Bunun, Kavalan, and Puyuma) where they are both found, and finally, to compare them with Mantauran Rukai. In the former three languages, the same kind of semantic variation is found where both have-structures occur: the first structure 'Y has X' indicates inalienable or inher ent possession; the second structure 'Y's X exists' refers to the existence of the pos sessed entity. Compare (28-29). I4. Tsukida (I999) indicates that this example is totally ungrammatical. One Seediq informant in his early sixties whom I consulted believes that it is grammatically correct when it yields the following interpretation(s):'I am pregnant' or 'I belong to a(nother) man' (implied: hav ing bom his child). Similar examples with inanimate themes are, on the other hand, rejected.


The primary failure mode of commomly used circuit protective devices is short-circuit, and so is TVS (Transient Voltage Suppressor) . When the TVS is shorted, the release of high energy often damages the protected electronic equipment, which is strongly desired to be reduced or avoided by TVS manufacturers and users. Some shorted TVS failed in the screen tests and the applisation were sectioned to observe their microscopic appearance features. The failure mechanisms of the samples were analyzed by theoretical analysis and test proving, based on the devices' structure, materials, manufacturing process, working principle or withstanded stresses in the screen tests and application. It is shown that the intrinsic quality factors caused short- circuit faihue of TVS include bonding interface voids, mesa defects, strong surface depletion layers and strong accumulation layers, cracks in wafer and impurities diffusion inhomogeneous, and the extrinsic reasons include electrical over -stressing and high temperature.


Comparing the recent results of the highest fusion gains with direct and indirect drive from Rochester, Osaka and Arzamas-16, the results are well reproduced by the self similarity model of nearly ideal adiabatic compression. Measurements with high shock wave generation do not fit the model as is explained by the high deviation from the isentropic conditions of the adiabats of the self similarity model. The conclusion for higher input energy results in volume ignition developed since 1977 by numerous teams with very high net fusion gains close to those from spark ignition. Self similarity volume ignition computations are checked by different codes and compared. This seems to be a new computational access for formulating conditions in the NIF range which rather easily could be covered by direct drive using the stagnation-free laser compression well experienced at ILE Osaka, but may be valid also for indirect drive with less complex laser irradiation profiles.


A sound legal person management structure in public colleges and universities represents the connotation development of the legal person's structure in China's modern colleges and universities,as well as plays a very important role in the reform on the legal person management in universities. It is extremely important to define its connotation and function in public colleges and universities,to absorb in experiences for reference from western developed countries,to compare and analyze the success and failure in the legal person management in the colleges and universities in our country. Guihzou Normal College is a pilot unit for legal person structure,an investigation into it will provide us feasible approach and countermeasures.


On account of the shortages of the classical trajectory tracking control method of the Unmanned Ground Vehicle(UGV),a trajectory tracking control algorithm for UGV based on the kinematic model is put forward.The algorithm introduces a vertical axis error of location-posture to improve the tracking approaching speed and inspired by the idea of human driving,a location-posture alternate control method is adopted.This method makes the trajectory tracking accurate and rapid.The simulation results show that the method is more effective and can get a better tracking performance.


Iodine is a vital trace element that must be constantly and daily supplied with food to the organism. Currently, the amount of food that can provide the organism with the required amount of iodine is insufficient. The purpose of the study was to investigate changes in organoleptic, microbiological, and biochemical parameters of kefir made with the addition of iodine during its refrigeration storage. It was found that during the storage of samples of kefir with iodine there is a slowdown in the reproduction of lactic acid bacteria, compared with the control sample. In particular, the number of lactic acid bacteria during the first two days of storage increased 1.3 times in the experimental sample and 1.5 times in the control sample of kefir. After 12 days of storage, the number of lactobacilli in the test sample of kefir increased 2.5 times, and in the control 3.2 times, compared with the amount in fresh kefir. Similar patterns were observed in determining the development of yeast. In particular, the reproduction rate of yeast in the control sample of kefir was, on average, 1.3 times faster (8 – 12 days), compared with yeast in the experimental sample. It was also found that during the 12-day storage period at a temperature of +6 °C, the titrated acidity in kefir with iodine increased 1.4 times, and in the control 1.6 times and was 130.5 °T and 154.1 °T, respectively. At such acidity values, the test sample of kefir still met the requirements of the standard, and the control was 24.1 °T higher. In this case, kefir containing iodide had better organoleptic characteristics during 12 days of storage. Produced kefir with the addition of iodine can be considered a functional product to provide the population with sufficient iodine.


This paper reports on the results of an experiment conducted as one part of a research project entitled "Urban Intersection Improvements for Pedestrian Safety. " First, a preference survey was made to determine which symbols would most clearly convey the meanings of WALK and DONT WALK to the pedestrian. On the basis of this survey, three sets of symbols were selected for field evaluation in eight U. S. cities. Behavioral, compliance, and user understanding data were collected in order to compare the experimental conditions to the recommended standard pedestrian signal display in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. Results of the field evaluation are discussed.


The origin of the considerable thickness of the 90-degree head-to-tail domain wall in BaTiO 3 is discussed in the framework of the phenomenological Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire theory. For this purpose, domain wall widths of 90-degree and 180-degree domain walls in BaTiO 3 and PbTiO 3 are compared. It is argued that the ratio of the 90-degree and 180-degree domain wall widths is primarily determined by the polarization gradient term, which happens to be strongly anisotropic in the BaTiO 3 case.


China's manufacturing industry has set off a wave of digital transformation innovation, and the commercial law information management system, as one of the important tools to enhance the intelligent management ability of enterprises, will also face a new round of reform and upgrade. Building an "intelligent commercial law information management system platform" is the primary transformation path for traditional manufacturing enterprises to realize intelligent upgrading of commercial law information management system. The "intelligent commercial law information management system platform" is a management information sharing service platform that enables enterprises to achieve the goal of collaborative management by integrating their own business models and product technology needs with the help of emerging digital technologies, which can help enterprises realize the organic integration of business processes, risk management, value creation, and other management needs and change the original. The platform can help enterprises realize the organic integration of business processes, risk management, value creation, and other management needs and change the focus of the traditional financial shared service center, so that the enterprise business law information management system can be shifted to the enterprise strategy-oriented, focusing on risk control, decision support, and other high-level management. Therefore, it is particularly important to evaluate and optimize the "intelligent business law information management system platform" of manufacturing enterprises in the process of digital transformation. In this context, this paper conducts research and application of commercial law information management system based on big data, conducts an in-depth study on the current status of commercial law information management system in China, and provides an outlook on commercial law information management in China by establishing a relevant model system.


This paper focuses on school counseling and its effect on student's educational efficiency. Counseling is an outside support that is given by the qualified person on professional counseling to encourage human life as quality way. Guidance and psychotherapy are other fields relates to counseling. All human being can be faced by the mental troublesomeness in complex social inter-relationships. It can be happened with children, young people, students, professionals, elders so on. Currently; students have high expectations in their life. On the other hand; parents force them to work hardly to reach to their expectations. Within this multifaceted inspirations and other social issues and problems make many inconveniences among the students.


A new variant of the corona virus family found in the Wuhan city market of the China causing serious harm to human being. After the WHO decided COVID-19 as a pandemic situation, everyone has started to measure the prevention from infectious disease according to WHO guidelines. It includes social distancing, isolation, quarantine, lockdown, sanitation and masking respectively. During the time researcher has observed the difficulties of cultivating new normal to people in Nepal. People have perceived the single corona virus differently; common populations and frontline workers have different perception towards to corona virus. Researcher started to measures the psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic into frontline workers and general populations in Kathmandu valley. The total number of sample unit for this research is 82; it includes 52 general populations and 30 frontline workers.


Studying and using green chemical technology have become the trend of keeping fresh fruits and frontier of technology in the modern society.This paper systematically analyzes several methods of mango storage,and comes to the conclusion that they meet the requirements of green chemical technology,which proves that the research of green chemical technology is of great importance to the sustainable development of the national economy.


The objective of this paper is to present an application of multivariate raking ratio adjustment with some refinements. Specifically, we applied raking to help improve the measurement of poverty in Armenia. This work was undertaken in conjunc- tion with a Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) 2006 grant to reduce rural poverty in Armenia through economic growth. The Armenian Integrated Living Conditions Survey (ILCS) was used to measure poverty, so that the impact of the MCC grant could be assessed. We used raking techniques to adjust survey sampling weights so that totals match that of Armenian census projections. This adjustment required the incorporation of a refinement to the standard raking procedure to adjust multiple de- mographic dimensions: by person-level variables age and gender, and household-level geography variables. This paper describes the application of raking in this context, and provides background on the MCC work in Armenia. We contend that the work done here was a success because of its collaborative nature, which is leading to a fully sustainable effort long-term. Collaborative work of this type, across cultures and, indeed, across the world is rewarding, both professionally and personally. It never ceases to amaze how much official statisticians have in common, wherever they are found.


This paper examines contemporary patterns of American race relations as they are mirrored in the social institution of sport. Specifically, the National Football League is used as a case example to illustrate how subtle, systemic, and institutional barriers continue to block equal employment opportunities for Blacks, even in sectors of society which are putatively free of racial discrimination. This paper is comprised of three parts. Part one reviews the accumulated evidence on racial discrimination in sports and reveals that although Black players' performances have in the last two decades become increasingly pre‐eminent in baseball, basketball and football, they have made few inroads into professional sports management either on or off the playing fields. Part two uses multiple regression and path analysis to compute estimates of (1) the relative influence of race versus other relevant characteristics‐education, leadership ability, professional accomplishments—on the player to coach transition; and (2) ...


The traditional model of regional development based on industrial park, has been questioned by several authors because of possible problems related to industrial concentration and the environmental damage caused by activities. In this sense, the industrial ecology and its variations, among these, the industrial symbiosis, presented as an alternative approach to the traditional industrial parks. That paper promotes discussion of categories and levels of implementation of innovations with low environmental impact in order to reduce the deleterious effects of society on the environment – eco-innovation. It is intended to present an overview of the concept of industrial ecology and expanding their practices with the development of Industrial Ecology Parks worldwide. We conducted an exploratory and descriptive, which resulted in a final overview of the diffusion of innovative practices in industrial ecology in enterprises established in the Industrial Parks.


The UNDAF is a partnership agreement between the 23 UN agencies working in Cambodia and the Royal Government of Cambodia. A first UNDAF in Cambodia was planned and executed between 2011 and 2015. It was aligned with the government's National Strategy for Development Programme (NSDP) 2009-2013. A subsequent UNDAF was designed and put in place for the period 2016-2018, to conclude at the same time as the NSDP 2014-18.


......................................................................................................................... i Declaration .................................................................................................................... ii List of figures ............................................................................................................... vi List of tables ................................................................................................................. vi Chapter 1: Introduction to the research problem ........................................................... 1 1.


The main types of ecommerce performance models are discussed. Then associating with the analysis of the whole system performance and the software content,a singlequeue performance model and a closed queuing network performance model based on the queuing theory were built. From these two models, a simulation system was designed to prove the feasibility of the queuing network model. For being independent of a particular process and being easy to operate, the models in this paper are appropriate methods for analyzing and planing ecommerce performance in distribute environment.


METHYLANDROSTENEDIOL (MAD) possesses rather unusual pharmacological actions. In the adreiial cortex of the rat it causes a deposition of numerous hyalin, PAS-positive droplets. This change is accompanied by hypertension, nephrosclerosis and cardiac lesions, similar to those normally elicited by overdosage with desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA). However, MAD -unlike DCA-fails to produce any of these cardiovascular and renal lesions in the adrenalectomized animal maintained on NaCl or on small doses of corticoids. Hence, it was assumed that MAD acts by producing some derailment in the steroid-hormone metabolism of the adrenal cortex (Salgado and Selye, 1954a; 1954b; 1954~). It has also been shown that MAD interferes with the normal corticotrophic effect of exogenous A.C.T.H. (Selye and Bois, 1954). In the course of various experiments it had been noticed, incidentally, that the ovaries of rats receiving large doses of MAD become intensely hyperaenic while the corpora lutea assume a singular and quite distinctive whitish colour. Even the most superficial histological examination of these ovaries revealed changes in their microscopical structure, such as we had never observed before, under any other experimental conditions. It has therefore been decided to undertake a systematic study of the ovarian lesions produced by MAD in normal rats, as well as in adrenalectomiLed animals maintained by various corticoids. maximum range of 10 g. above or below the mean. M A D (17a-methyl-d*-androstene-3~, 17j3diol) microcrystals were administered subcutaneously a t the daily dose-level of 5 mg. in 0.2 ml. of water, "Tween 80" being used as a suspending agent. Cortisol* (400 kg/day) and desoxycorticosterone (100 pg/day) were both given in the form of microcrystals of their acetates, subcutaneously in 0.2 ml. of water, using the same suspending agent. Adrenalectomies were performed through the dorsal route, under ether anaesthesia, on the same day on which treatment with the various steroids began. Ten days later the animals were killed with chloroform and their ovaries fixed in "Susa" solution for subsequent weighing and histological study.


This article examines the political dilemma faced by the Economic and Monetary Union decision-makers with regards to fiscal policy co-ordination. It argues that two alternatives are available: national fiscal policies, constrained by budgetary rules at a central level, or a federal fiscal system. The operation of both of these options is discussed in accordance with the Optimal Currency Area theory and with reference to the monetary union in Europe. The former proves to be feasible, but not desirable; whereas the latter is desirable, but not feasible.


A study based on tracking techniques showed that the foraging strategies of pine martens constitute stereotypes combining optimal foraging productivity with reducing the number of risk situations. In this species, foraging takes place in forest-grassland ecotones, which ensures a combination of foraging efficiency and risk-aversion.


Considering the classical methods for altitude control which are based on the change of different modes have some problems, such as the oscillation and even divergence of controlled quantity output. This paper proposes an altitude-hold/vertical speed integrated control method which can achieve both altitude-hold and altitude change. The main idea of the new method is to take the exponential function as the prototype function which fits in with the variation rule of flight altitude. Since vertical speed is the derivate of the altitude, the relationship between current altitude and vertical speed can be deduced easily. Then the relationship is introduced into vertical speed controller to achieve integrated control. Finally, the simulation is done on A320 flight simulation platform. And the results indicate that the designed control method is non-oscillation and high-precision for altitude control.


A review was made of the achievements in recent years in tissue culture of Aloe spp.in selection of explants and medium,uses of plant growth regulators and addictives,control of growth conditions,browning and vetrification.Some suggestions about tissue culture of Aloe spp.were put forward.


Technological advances in communication networks have made to increase communication rate as well as energy consumption. Some equipments and protocol solutions have been developed to treat these problems e.g. Smart Sleeping and Rate Adaptation. We present an original and alternative adaptive solution from Automatic community to control the output flow of a node, in such a way that Quality of Service (QoS) improves and energy consumption is reduced. The controller is developed by using optimal control theory while guaranteeing asymptotic stability (Lyapunov stable) and avoiding losses. In order to validate this approach, we apply the adaptive controller in "Matlab-Simulink" and in the network simulator "NS-2". Within A DREAM framework, this "control green" will allow to improve energy consumption regarding traffic load and available energy in communication networks.


In studying small limit cycles of finite‐dimensional systems, one of the central problem is the computation of focus quantities. In practice, the computation is a challenging problem even for some simple low‐dimensional systems. This paper is devoted to the computation of focus quantities of all orders and to the study of Hopf bifurcations in some chaotic systems. A recursive formula for computing focus quantities is presented for a K + 2‐dimensional system. The formula is a generalization of previous results on low‐dimensional systems with K = 0 and K = 1. For a four‐dimensional hyper‐chaotic system, according to the sign of the first focus quantity, we prove that the simple Hopf bifurcation of the system is supercritical. For a five‐dimensional chaotic system with four equilibria of Hopf type, according to the signs of the first focus quantities, we prove that the simple Hopf bifurcations of the system are subcritical.


The starch digestibility of raw unprocessed seeds of different pigeonpea cultivars viz., ICPL-87, ICPL-151, UPAS-120 and Manak ranged from 11.7 to 20.6 mg maltose released/g flour. Starch digestibility (in vitro) improved significantly (P<0.05) to varying extents by the common methods of domestic processing and cooking including soaking, dehulling, ordinary and pressure cooking and sprouting. Soaking for varying periods could increase the starch digestibility (in vitro) from 13 to 38% in various pigeonpea cultivars when compared to the unsoaked seeds. The longer the period of soaking, the more was the improvement in starch digestibility. The corresponding values for enhancement in starch digestibility in soaked-dehulled seeds was higher than in the seeds which were soaked only. When soaked-dehulled seeds were cooked, further improvement i.e. 7 to 11 times more than the control was observed. Pressure cooking was more beneficial than ordinary cooking. Sprouting for 48 h brought about 4 to 6 fold increase in starch digestibility. Overall, pressure cooking of soaked-dehulled seeds had the most pronounced effect on the starch digestibility followed by ordinary cooking, sprouting, dehulling and soaking.


Editor's Note: A two-part podcast featuring a discussion by the authors of the Mini-symposium on Urban Governance can be found at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/uar/podcasts Studies of urban governance have, in recent years, begun to focus increasing attention on the nature of complexity within governance processes, and the challenges that urban governance constructs face when operating in multifaceted policy and political environments. This article explores the question of "hybridization" in urban governance. To do so, we address three questions: Is governance theory malleable enough to incorporate a hybrid focus? Are we witnessing the emergence of new hybrid governance modalities? Or, is it simply time to adopt a new mind-set to focus attention directly on the hybridization processes? This article explores the theory and practice of urban governance and hybridization in North America and Western Europe.


Hypertext literature in network literature is the combination of information science and technology and literature when the society has developed into a specific stage.Hypertext literature was born with the characteristic of post-modernity,showing the creative concept of postmodernism. This article aims at revealing the brilliant post-modernity character of hypertext literature through analysing hypertext literature in Chinese network.


Survey researchers increasingly look to commercially available address databases to create survey frames. These databases offer obvious cost and speed advantages over in-field listing of housing units but rely on geocoding to associate the addresses with census geographies such as tracts and blocks. While much recent research has looked at the coverage of frames derived from these databases, none has specifically explored the contributions of geocoding to frame coverage. Nationally, 83.3% of all residential addresses on the January 2010 Valassis database geocode precisely enough that they are likely to be placed in the correct block. Among the city-style addresses, 93.9% geocode at this level. Comparing the counts of addresses on the database to housing unit counts from the 2010 Census, we find that the national net coverage rate for in-person surveys can vary from 86.7% to 92.3%, depending on which addresses a survey uses on its frame.


While neoclassical economic models have provided significant insight into policy and economic behavior, these models fail to take into account actual human behavior outside of what is defined as rational. These anomalies in human behavior from what neoclassical models predict creates problems when looking to implement effective policies in practice. Through examining one such application of this problem in the demand for insurance, this paper examines the work of several behavioral economists in an attempt to understand where current consumer behavior strays from what neoclassical economists predict. This paper pinpoints the resulting difference in consumer behavior and seeks to understand its specific causes. Following a discussion of the literature, this paper argues that there remains a need to investigate the root causes of this anomalous behavior in order to effectively influence insurance policy to ensure consumers are purchasing both the right type and amount of insurance to best fit their needs. Subject Area: Economics, Insurance Article Type: Editorially-Reviewed Journal Article


Taylor and Francis RJIE_A_304339.sgm 10.1080/13674580802041714 Journal of In-Service Education 367-4587 (pri t)/1747-5082 (online) Original Articl 2 08 & Francis 34 0 0002008 Steve Coombs .Co mbs@ thspa.ac.uk New designs for teachers' professional learning Jon Pickering, Caroline Daly and Norbert Pachler (Eds), 2007 London, Institute of Education, University of London £19.99 (pbk), 283 pp. ISBN 9-780-85473-729-1


This letter presents explicit sub-optimal track-to-track fusion algorithms for Multi-Sensor Systems (MSS) estimating nonlinear processes. The individual tracks in an MSS are correlated due to the presence of a common process noise in the track estimation errors. Herein, we propose recursive formulae for consistent correlation estimation in mildly and highly nonlinear systems that respectively use Extended Kalman Filters (EKF) and Unscented Kalman Filters (UKF) for track estimation. In a mildly nonlinear system, the linearized model employed in the EKF-based MSS architecture offers a correlation propagation formula whose coupling with the optimal track fusion rule generates a sub-optimal fused estimate. On the other hand in highly nonlinear systems, the UKF-based architectures are proven effective for track estimation. The UKF works based on the unscented transform of deterministic sigma points, which is equivalent to the Statistical Linearization Regression (SLR) process. For UKF-based MSS architectures, we propose a consistent correlation propagation recursion according to the SLR technique that will be coupled with the optimal track fusion rule to generate a sub-optimal fused estimate. The performance of the developed fusion algorithms is demonstrated through conducting a statistical test and an average root mean square error analysis.


Introduction The rate at which new protein sequences are discovered has long outpaced the rate at which those proteins are experimentally assigned functions. To speed the process of function assignment, protein sequences with unknown functions can be compared to sequences with known functions. If two protein sequences are shown to be highly related, then it follows that the protein functions may be closely related as well (Domingues et. al 2000). Early sequence alignment algorithms such as Smith-Waterman and BLAST focused on comparing the residue sequences only in making alignments. However, function may be conserved even in sequences that appear to have diverged. Much recent effort has been devoted to developing algorithms that align distantly related proteins, also known as remote homologues. The three algorithms discussed in this paper consider three separate approaches to this alignment problem. The three algorithms are the Structure-Dependent Sequence Alignment, a hybrid Iterative-Parametric approach to suboptimal alignment, and the amino acid property-based Proximity Correlation Matrix alignment.


Constraints to more effective use of the feed resources and their relevance in feeding systems are discussed in relation to solutions and nutritional strategies that can increase productivity in goats. Increasing this productivity needs to take advantage of inherent attributes in the species and use of the available dietary ingredients including non-traditional feeds, in efficient feeding systems that can match predictable responses (meat, milk, fibre and skins). An essential prerequisite for high performance in maximum voluntary feed. With coarse crop residues, physical, chemical or biological pretreatments may be necessary to alleviate fibre digestion; of these chemical treatment with urea-NH3 treatment appears promising. Supplementation with energy, protein and minerais is an important means to correct nutrient limitations of which dietary proteins are especially important. The latter can be enhanced by the economic use of preformed protein sources, non-protein nitrogen sources (NPN), urea-molasses block licks and with leguminous forages. The nutritional strategies that are potentially important to sustain ail year round feeding (dry and wet seasons) include wider and more intensive use of crop residues and agro-industrial by-products, expanded forage production on available land, increased use of dietary nitrogen sources and strategic use of supplements. These and other strategies represent important initiatives in the search for efficiency concerning the use of both the feed and goat genetic resources for food production in the developing countries. INTRODUCTION In animal production systems a particular species is often developed because of its ability to make use of available feedstuffs. This is particularly true of the goat with its wide distribution and adaptation throughout the world. As a ruminant it utilises cellulose and through the participation of the rumen flora, converts non-protein nitrogenous materials to valuable animal proteins. Perhaps the greatest advantage of the animal is its ability to subsist and utilise native vegetation and coarse feeds in land areas such as the arid and semi-arid regions which are useless for cultivation to produce foods which are in very high demand. This is reflected for example in the Black Bedouin goats in the Sinai desert, which despite the very dry environment, is fully adapted and use the sparse feeds available to produce daily


IntroductionHsuan Tsang describes Peshawar as the core of Kaniska's Empire with its northern extension to Swat and Buner Districts and eastern extension along the River Indus (Ingholt 1957:13). It has variously been described as Kukkuta in some Jataka and Vinaya texts and paccantimam-nagara, i.e. a frontier town, in the empire of the King Mahakappina in Apadana.II.469. Mahakappina is said to have sent men from its four gates to look for the learned men. A trade route existed between the city of Savathi and Kukkuta on which the merchants frequently transversed. The Dictionary of Pali proper names (1.850) and Dhammapada.II.116ff (Sarao 2010:160) mentions that three rivers had to be crossed to reach Savathi, i.e., Aravaccha, the Nilavahana and the Candabhaga, i.e, Chenab. Al-Biruni describes the Kaniska Tope as the Vihara of Purushavar, built by King Kaniska Kanika-Maha-Vihara of Kittoes inscription where the best teachers were to be found (Watters 1904:208). Shah-ji-ki-Dheri at Peshawar was a great Buddhist educational centre, where the Buddhist teachers of exceptional fame and intellect lived.The word 'Peshawar' appears in Ara inscription (Dani 1995:55). Fa Hsien described it as a 'City of Heroes'. The Chinese chronicle Su-kao-sengchuan describes Peshawar as Chang-fu-kung (Hero's place)1. Hsuan Tsang places Narayana Deva, Wu-cho or Asanga P'usa, Shih-ch'in or Vasubandhu P'usa, Dharmatrata, Manoratha and Po-li-ssu-fo or Parsva the Venerable, Vasumitra (Chung-shih-fen), a composer of Abhidharmaprakana-pada and Dharmakrata, who composed Samkyuktabhu Dharma Sastra as native of the Peshawar District. No treatise of Parsva is preserved. However, Manoratha is said to have composed Vibhasha lun in 150 CE. Dharmatrata compiled TsaAbhidharma lun (Beal 2004). Hsuan Tsang mentioned the chamber of Parsvika where Vasubandhu prepared his Abhidharma-kosa Sastra, and Manorhita composed Vibhasa Sastra (Dani 1995:51). The Chinese chronicles inscribe a total number of twenty eight patriarchs of Buddhism, among whom Asvaghosa is described as the 12th - only next to Punyatayasa, and Vasubandhu as 21st patriarch. In Japan Asvaghosa is regarded as a teacher of Pure Land School, the first patriarch of the Avatamsaka Sutra Sect and twelfth of the Contemplatist School (Soothill & Lewis 2004:22; Watters 1904:104, 214 & 274).Mahayanist teachers of PeshawarWe provide a succinct description of the innovatory contributions of four eminent Mahayanists of Peshawar, i.e., Asvaghosa, Vasubadhu, Asanga, and Jinangupta in following section.Asvaghosa2Asvaghosa (ca. 100 CE), the disciple of Parsva the elder, the author of Buddhacharita, was among the celebrities of the Kaniska's Empire. Ettione Lamotte, the earliest translator of Buddhacharita, gives him the dates 128-51 CE, while Richard Robinson, William Johnson and Thanissaro Bhikku assign him to the Kaniska reign, at the beginning of the Christian Era (Hiltebeitel 2006:233). He is considered as the India's greatest poet before Kalidasa, and also the 'Father of the Indian Drama'. The legendary accounts narrate that he belonged to Madhyadesa3, but was given to Kaniska as war booty. Merium-Webster Encyclopedia (1995:80) maintains that he either belonged to Ayodhya or Peshawar. However, Warder (1990:180) believed that he belonged to Gandhara on account of ample references to the country his Buddhacarita. The Chinese translations of his biography reveal that he preached the Dharma (doctrine) extensively in North India (Chaudhuri 2008:18).The drama, the actors and the school of actors (i.e., Sailalins ) perhaps existed in Gandhara since Vedic Period and Vedas served as a model for kavya literature (Patton 2008:1). Panini described the Prakritized form of Nataka. He described the existence of distinct Nata Sutras, the manuals for the use of natas, and attributed one to Silalin and other to Krisasva. Their adherents were called as Silalinas and Krisasviras respectively. …


Compensation grouting is a multiple injection process in which large numbers of grout injections are carried out in a designated grouting zone. Each injection alters the in-situ stress state at the site of neighbouring injections, influencing the grout behaviour as well as the deformation of the surrounding soil. In this study, multiple grout injection tests were performed in the laboratory on clay specimens prepared at different overconsolidation ratios ranging from 1 to 10. Two types of grouting mode for compensation grouting were examined: (a) facture grouting by injecting epoxy resin, and (b) compaction grouting by expanding a latex balloon placed inside the soil specimen. The sequence of multiple injections was also varied by injecting either simultaneously or sequentially with different waiting periods. For highly overconsolidated clay the grout efficiency, defined as the ratio of the volume of heave achieved to the injected grout volume, was close to 1 irrespective of grout spacing and injection se...


The association of KV-stimulated, Mg1+-dependent ATPase activity with plasma membranes from higher plants has been used as a marker for the isolation and purification of a plasma membrane-enriched fraction from cauliflower (Brasskca oeraceae L.) buds. Plasma membranes were isolated by differential centrifugation followed by density gradient centrifugation of the microsomal fraction. The degree of purity of plasma membranes was determined by increased sensitivity of Mg2e-ATPase activity to stimulation by K+ and by assay of approximate marker enzymes. In the purified plasma membrane fraction, Mge'-ATPase activity was stimulated up to 700% by addition of KV. Other monovalent cations also markedly stimulated the enzyme, but only in the presence of the divalent cation Mg2e. Ca" was inhibitory to enzyme activty. ATPase was the preferred substrate for hydrolysis, there being little hydrolysis in the presence of ADP, GTP, or p-nitrophenylpbosphate. Monovalent cation-stimulated activity was optimum at alkaline pH. Enzyme activity was inhibited nearly 100% by AgNO3 and about 40% by diethylstilbestrol.


The "Water Level Task" (WLT) is a classic cognitive task that assesses an individual's ability to draw the water level in a tilted container. Most of the existing research has used 2D imagery and shown that adults struggle with the task. Our research investigates if the use of augmented reality (AR) improves an individual's performance by engaging embodied interaction and natural interaction with the world, thus taking advantage of their "intuitive physics." We created a traditional online WLT to recruit low- and high-scoring participants for the AR experiment. Using a HoloLens2 AR headset, we created two containers half-filled with water. One of the simulations featured a water surface that did not remain horizontal when the container was tilted, while in the other simulation, the water surface remained level. Participants were able to interact with the containers and were asked to indicate which simulation looked more natural. Our results revealed that individuals prone to errors in the 2D version of the task were more likely to make errors in the AR version, indicating that misconceptions about water orientation persist even in a more natural setting. However, people's perceptions of the natural orientation of water differed in 2D and AR settings, suggesting that different perceptual and cognitive factors were involved in participants' intuitive understanding of the natural orientation of water in the two settings. Additionally, we found that participants were insensitive to minor tilts of the water surface. Our study highlights the potential benefits of using AR to create more realistic and interactive virtual environments, which provides a basis for further study of intuitive physics and how humans interact with physical environments.


Myristyl alcohol ( L14), eicosane and their binary mixtures as phase change materials (PCM) were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The eutectic mixture was determined to be 65% L14- 35% eicosane with melting temperature 29.79 oC and latent heat 225.5 J/g which makes it suitable for solar applications. A (0-360 ) cycles of heating and cooling ( to approximate one year duration ) were conducted to study the thermal reliability of the eutectic mixture . (DSC) analysis showed approximately constant melting temperature with fluctuation no more than (0.16 oC) and the change in latent heat after 360 cycle of heating and cooling was less than ( 2.2%).


This text is limited to the reflection made by the authors in order to contribute to the debate on how to develop the entrepreneurial university, in a process in which plays a key role in the transfer of technology and knowledge. It is intended that this work will contribute to the consolidation of the university as a trainer of entrepreneurs able to respond in a timely manner, the legitimate aspirations of the modern society that is transforming knowledge into wealth. Freedom to undertake ventures should also be one because people with knowledge equals more wealth generation. The ability to carry out projects is essential for the prosperity of mankind. It's not greed that drives successful societies.


In Yugoslavia, the 1980s were a period of economic and political crisis, but also a time of a gradual liberalisation of the society and the start of its movement towards a multiparty system and breakup. By easing impediments of censorship in culture, which was the domain of the ruling communist party, the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (ZKJ), a space opened up for artists to raise some traumatic and problematic topics from the Yugoslav past, such as Goli Otok and the clash with the Cominform. The manner in which these topics were addressed in 1980s Yugoslav films suggests that the influence of ZKJ over cultural and social life was waning, but also that the Party still tried to promote its version of the past with propaganda films such as Visoki napon (High Voltage). Accordingly, this article represents a contribution to studying and understanding the social and political situation in the final decade of socialist Yugoslavia, as viewed through the lens of cultural history.


This study focuses on thermal performance variations according to insulating glazing units and the set point temperature. We used the EnergyPlus rating, which is validated by the U.S. DOE. The results are as follows: In the case of a non-extended-type household: (1) The influence of SHGC rather than that of U-factor was found to be relatively high. Therefore the composition of glazing that may maintain SHGC at 0.5 or greater is deemed to be more desirable for energy savings. (2) When the manufacturing method of Low-e glass varies, the influence on the building energy consumption can change. Therefore, the designer is required to understand the composition of glazing in advance at the planning stages of the building. (3) In the case of Low-e insulating glass and Low-e triple glass, almost no difference exists between the influences of such on the energy demands of the building; however, Low-e insulating glass is deemed to be more reasonable from the economical aspect. In the case of an extended-type household: (1) The entire energy consumption increases in this case as compared with a non-extended-type household (2) In the case where a window faces the outdoor air, unlike a non-extended-type household, the U-factor and SHGC all have great influence on the building energy consumption, and therefore the construction of glazing in consideration of this is desirable. Lastly, as the set point temperature increases/decreases by 1℃, cooling/heating loads were found to increase/decrease by approximately 16% representing that the change in living patterns greatly influences on the reduction of building energy consumption. Further comprehensive studies on the influence of change in set point temperatures on the consumption of building energy should be conducted based on the expanded scope such as a block, unit complex, or district unit in order to recommend the method for reducing energy in apartment type housing.


Physical experiments were conducted to clarify the change in tsunami flow patterns that can take place due to a variety of arrangements of coastal buildings, measuring the flow velocity, inundation depth and momentum flux around such structures. As a result, the shape of bow waves and wake waves around the buildings were found to change significantly depending on their arrangement. Changes in the shape of the bow wave and wake wave greatly affected the time series of inundation depth and velocity. As a result, the momentum flux varied between 30 and 140%, depending on the arrangement the buildings.


In the genus Asellus we have, in the first and second pleopoda of the male, characters which can be relied upon to distinguish the species, but in Lirceus these appendages are so similar in different species that they are, with one exception, useless as a means of separation. This is not because the species of Lirceus are less distinct than Asellus, but requires that the animal as a whole be studied rather than a single appendage. To an experienced observer the various species are easily distinguished in the field by those subtile differences in form and color which are almost impossible to describe. Difficulties begin when one brings specimens into the laboratory and attempts to define the differences. The commonest cause of difficulty is depauperate specimens. Under adverse conditions the animals are stunted, the gnathopoda do not develop their processes, and the uropoda remain in juvenile form. When this depauperization is extreme the collection cannot be determined, but must be assumed to belong to the species in the range of which it was found.


The system of a slowly diverging low density He+ ion beam (energy 20 keV), traversing a stationary plasma column (ne approximately=107 cm-3, Te<0.35 eV) created by the beam itself through collisional ionization is studied. No magnetic field is present in the experiment. Within the limits of the detector sensitivity, no spontaneous instabilities are observed. The propagation characteristics of waves excited from the outside are investigated with an interferometer technique. The existence of propagation in the surface wave mode on the beam plasma column is observed. From the dispersion in and opposite to the ion beam direction, the absence of plasma drift and a value for the plasma density can be determined. Spatial growth of waves modulated on the ion beam is found in the interaction with the surface wave mode on the plasma column, when the modulation frequency omega satisfies the condition omega < omega pe/ square root 2. A quantitative agreement of the experimental growth rates, with the theoretically expected values for this interaction, is observed.


CBD (Central Business District) of Beijing is a center of modern high-level services.In CBD pri- ority is accorded to the development of the culture creation industry,which is an essential part of the modern service industry.The development of the culture creation industry,therefore,can not only promote the optimizing of the structure of industries,but also evade the economic risks caused by the foaming of the real estate industry.Based on the surrounding conditions of the CBD,first priority can be given to the creation industry in TV,radio,advertise- ment and so on.Meanwhile,training centers for culture creation are to be built,with the support of the surrounding higher learning institutes to cultivate professionals for culture creation.Without the knowledge-based support of the universities and scientific research institutes,it's impossible to build the CBD into a center of top-ranking creation industries.


The objective of this retrospective study was to assess the effects of statin on slowing progression of chronic kidney disease by comparing declining renal function between the patients who received and did not receive statin. Review of complete medical records of chronic kidney disease patients with 25-60 years of age and serum creatinine 2 - 4 mg/dl, was carried out during January 2005 - March 2006 in Nakornping hospital.  The clinical data of 25 patients who received statin and 69 patients who did not receive statin mostly showed no differences, except proportion of angiotensin conversing enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use and HDL-cholesterol in the former group were higher (p=0.012 and 0.031,respectively). The study showed no difference in declining rate of renal function, measured by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and creatinine clearance (CCr), between the patients who received and did not receive statin. The follow up period were 14.2 =4.0 and 15.4, 8.4 months, respectively. In conclusion, statin showed no effect on slowing progression of chronic kidney disease. Key words: statin, chronic kidney disease, creatinine clearance, glomerular filtration rate


Our work is towards mechanistically understanding interactions of unsaturated bacterial biofilms and their extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with actinide metals and metal surrogates under vadose zone conditions. Because metal contaminants in the vadose zone co-occur with organic pollutants, some of our work has included experiments with organic pollutants.


Let S be the set of q x q matrices with positive entries, such that each column and each row contains a strictly positive element, and denote by S° the subset of these matrices, all entries of which are strictly positive. Consider a random ergodic sequence (X n ) n≥1 in S. The aim of this paper is to describe the asymptotic behavior of the random products X (n) = X n ... X 1 , n ≥ 1, under the main hypothesis P(U n≥1 [X (n) ∈ S°]) > 0. We first study the behavior in direction of row and column vectors of X (n) . Then, adding a moment condition, we prove a law of large numbers for the entries and lengths of these vectors and also for the spectral radius of X (n) . Under the mixing hypotheses that are usual in the case of sums of real random variables, we get a central limit theorem for the previous quantities. The variance of the Gaussian limit law is strictly positive except when (X (n) ) n≥1 is tight. This tightness property is fully studied when the X n , n ≥ 1, are independent.


This work reports an experimental electron-energy-loss spectroscopy study carried out on a model thermal Si–SiO2 interface. Valence-loss spectra and core-loss spectra (Si L2,3 and O K edges) were recorded across the interface in line-spectrum mode with a high spatial resolution in a field emission gun scanning transmission electron microscope. From the analysis of the line spectra and on the basis of high-resolution electron microscopy and high-angle annular dark-field experiments, it is concluded that the interface is not sharp but extends over about three atomic planes consisting of Si and O atoms arranged in a structure evolving between crystalline SiO and SiO2 before growing as an amorphous SiO2 layer. In addition, from the analysis of the valence-loss spectra in terms of energy-loss function or dielectric function ε, we show that valence-electron-energy-loss spectroscopy could be a relevant alternative method for determining the electron properties, for example the bandgap, and the dielectric constant of dielectric gates on a nanometre scale.


A lactic acid bacteria strain was isolated from traditional food pickles.It was identified to be Leuconostoc mesenteroides.The strain was found to produce an extracellular antimicrobial substance that was peptide in nature(bacteriocin) and effective against Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria.The antimicrobial peptide was assayed as non-organic acid and non-hydrogen peroxide and sensitive to proteolytic enzymes,resistant to heat and active over a wide range of pH.


SOME truly remarkable results in high‐speed or "hyper" milling of steel forgings have been attained on a production basis at Eastern Aircraft's Linden, N. J., plant. To date, work has been confined to tough 4140 chrome‐molybdenum steel forgings; some annealed and some heat‐treated to 40–41 Rockwell C and 180,000 lb. per sq. in. tensile strength. Milling rates range from about five to nearly IS times those previously attained with conventional cutters run as fast as usual procedure dictated.


IMP cyclohydrolase is a key enzyme in the purine synthesis pathway.A clone(CAIMP1) producing IMP cyclohydrolase activity was isolated from a metagenomic library which was constructed from metagenomic DNA of a deep-sea sediment sample.The gene coding for the IMP cyclohydrolase with the size of 1 599 bp was subcloned from the 35 kb inserted fragment of CAIMP1 by gene walking.Two conserved domains,MGS and AICARFT_IMPCHas,was found in the gene.The CAIMP1 exhibited high activity towards 5-formaminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide(FAICAR).The alignment and phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequence of the CAIMP1 IMP cyclohydrolase showed that it had low homology with other referenced sequences in GenBank,indicating that it might be a new sequence.


Recent work in the design of soft X-ray and extreme UV spectrographs has identified a new class of reflection gratings whose aberrations do not increase at grazing incidence. To achieve this characteristic, the groove spacings are varied in a continuous manner across a plano grating aperture. Ray traces of the concentric groove grating, the oriental fan grating and variations illustrate their potential for space astronomy and laboratory applications in the wavelength range of approximately λλ10-1000 Å. Both straight-groove and concentric-groove patterns have been successfully fabricated with varied line spacings through mechanical ruling techniques. A concave varied line-space grating has been measured to achieve 70% of its theoretical efficiency in the extreme UV. An interferometric method of fabrication is also discussed, in which the recording wavelength is scaled-up into the far UV or even visible region of the spectrum. This holographic grating is designated "Type V." Two interferometers capable of recording grating wavefront aberrations in the extreme UV and soft X-ray are proposed.


Increasing the price petroleum in recent years submits increasingly the importing countries with major difficulties, especially those underdeveloped such as Benin. The main cause of global warming is the abusive exploitation of non-renewable natural resources mainly oil. Benin is one of the cassava producing countries that can be used for production of ethanol. The latter is a renewable source of energy that can enable Benin to circumvent this escalation of fossiliferous fuels. Spite of this availability, Benin has not, up today's date, its own techniques for the production of ethyl alcohol meeting the standards. Very little data exists on the design for techniques that may lead to the production of standardized alcohol. This is why this study set itself the objective the design of necessary technical and semi-industrial production of bioethanol. The results of our works have helped to optimize the hydrolysis process of cassava with enzyme preparation based germinated sorghum. With 20-25% of the this enzyme preparation, optimum time of 4 hours of hydrolysis, under the experimental conditions the fermentation lasts 30 hours with 2 g of instant yeast into 100 ml of medium. The double-distilled of the fermented mash in the device designed and manufactured has given the ethanol at 94


Based on the construction of "soil erosion synthesis prevention and control pilot project in the Northeast Black Earth Area", selecting representative Shunjiagou Small Watershed in Zhalantun ,Inner Mongolia as study case, the research focuses on runoff and sediment-production by applying automatic measurement system. The result indicates that sediment concentration has certain correlation with runoff and runoff amount can be used to estimate sediment concentration when information is incomplete; the longer accumulated rainfall duration and the larger rainfall amount, the closer the correlation of the runoff amount and sediment concentration. It is the first time to apply automatic measurement system in this kind of research practice, and it breaks through the traditional method of determination runoff and sediment concentration and realizes automatic data acquisition at home and abroad. (The Journal of American Science. 2006;2(4):12-17).


The success of in vitro fertilization (I VF) and embryo transfer (ET) is dependent upon optimizing the efficiency of each step of the procedures that finally lead to embryo replacement. Much effort has been directed at improving oocyte recovery and fertilization through various regimes of ovarian stimulation, oocyte aspiration techniques, and cell culture technology. This has led to rates of oocyte recovery in the region of 80–90% and embryo transfer rates of 60–70%.1–4 By contrast, the pregnancy rate following ET is disappointingly low, being of the order of 15 to 20%.1,2,5,6 This seems to be the step at which most failures of IVF occur.


Most integrated circuits today possess large numbers of power and ground pins in addition to signal pins. Boundary-scan technology will adequately test the signals, but in general does not address open defects on the power/ground pins. Some ICs could get at least partial coverage on some of these pins due to their internal power/ground distribution structure. Thus boundary-scan could be used to test, diagnose and claim coverage for these defects. What is needed is an extension to BSDL to support this capability.