ABSTRACT While much is known about the circadian systems of rodents, chronobiological studies of other mammalian groups have been limited. One of the most extensively studied nonrodent species, both in the laboratory and in the wild, is the European rabbit. The aim of this study was to extend knowledge of the rabbit circadian system by examining its phasic response to light. Twelve Dutch-Himalayan cross rabbits of both sexes were allowed to free-run in constant darkness and then administered 1 h light pulses (1000 lux) at multiple predetermined circadian times. Changes in the phase of the rabbits' circadian wheel-running rhythms were measured after each light pulse and used to construct a phase–response curve (PRC). The rabbits' PRC and free-running period (τ) conformed to the empirical regularities reported for other predominantly nocturnal animals, including rodents and predatory marsupials. The results of the study are thus consistent with reports that the rabbit is essentially a nocturnal animal and show that it can entrain to light/dark (LD) cycles via discrete phase shifts. Knowledge about the rabbit's circadian range of entrainment to LD cycles gained in this study will be useful for examining the putative circadian processes believed to underlie the unusual rhythm of very brief, once-daily nest visits by nursing rabbit mothers and other nursing lagomorphs.


Genealogy Research on the origins of shape is a genealogy study of the Manchu.important content of the Manchu Based on the existing different historical periods of the genealogy archives,mainly Manchu Genealogy shape the evolution of the origin and history of the issue of detailed textual research,and exposition concludes with its own shape genealogy characteristics of diversity,reflecting the changes in social history and progress.


FTY720, a new immunosuppressant, derived from ISP‐1, has been studied for its putative anti‐cancer properties in the recent years. In this study, we have reported that FTY720 greatly inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation for the first time, and found this effect was associated with G1 phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Results from our Western blotting and Real‐time PCR showed that FTY720 induced obvious PTEN expression in a p53‐independent way, consistent with a substantial decrease in p‐Akt and MDM2. FTY720 dramatically increased the expression of Cip1/p21, p27, and BH3‐only proteins through the accumulation of p53 by PTEN‐mediated inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/MDM2 signaling. Suppression of PTEN expression with siRNA significantly reduced the p53 and p21 levels and activated Akt, resulting in decreased apoptosis and increased cell survival. Furthermore, we have observed an additive effect of FTY720 in killing gastric cancer cells when in combination with Cisplatin, partly through PTEN‐mediated Akt/MDM2 inhibition. In vivo study has also shown that tumor growth was significantly suppressed after FTY720 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that FTY720 induces a significant increase of PTEN, which inhibits p‐Akt and MDM2, and then increases the level of p53, thereby inducing G1 phase arrest and apoptosis. We have characterized a novel immunosuppressant, for the first time, which shows potential anti‐tumor effects on gastric cancer by PTEN activation through p53‐independent mechanism, especially in combination with Cisplatin. This PTEN target‐based therapy is worth further investigation and warrants clinical evaluation. J. Cell. Biochem. 111: 218–228, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


In this paper we present a new directional spectrum based on both oceanological and remote sensing data. The model is compared with popular ocean wave models used for remote sensing problems of T. Elfouhaily, P.A. Hwang and V. Kudryavtsev. It is shown that the modified wave spectrum is a good choice for L band RCS modeling for moderate incidence angles. It is also shown that the modeling results with the modified wave spectrum are in agreement with experimental data. In a region after spectral peak the model is presented in a form of power-law dependency of spectral density on frequency, where power is different for different wave ranges. It allows carrying out analytical transformations easily. An asymmetrical angular spreading function is used in a spectral model.


Within the research field of game studies, an ongoing discussion is held between different scholars and their opposing opinions and statements concerning the impact of online gaming on gamer's sociability. This back and forth discussion on whether or not online gaming is perceived negatively or positively concerning one's social relations is hard to determine, due to the variety of contradictory opinions and research results. Moreover, with the launch of Pokemon Go in 2016, possible new perspectives to the discussion of gamer's sociability have been introduced. Due to the pervasive game structure of Pokemon Go and the incorporated use of augmented reality, online players are encouraged to enjoy the game in a new gaming environment. Due to pervasive gaming, online games are no longer bounded to an online gaming environment but can be practiced in the offline 'real' world. Due to this innovative change, the player's considered sociability has been questioned once more. Hence, the new setting in which pervasive games are enjoyed, and the encouragement of players to go outside, new social interactions amongst gamers has occurred in the outside offline sphere. Therefore, this case study research on Pokemon Go focuses on how Pokemon Go players in the Netherlands experience social relationships, both online and offline, through gameplay. Since Pokemon Go is a pervasive game, gamers can foster both online and offline relationships with other players. This form of online game is rather new and, therefore, underrepresented in academic research. According to a qualitative research design, twelve in-depth interviews were held to gain more understanding and insights into this new online gaming player sociability. Study shows that a more in-depth variation within the concept of gamer needs to be provided to answer the research question. Not every gamer has the same motivation, intention, and experiences. Therefore, a broader spectrum of the concept of gamer is given. Moreover, in Pokemon Go, online gaming has no negative impacts on player's offline sociability. Nevertheless, it can be seen as an improvement of gamer's offline social relationships. However, this is only applicable to players who have intrinsic motivations and interest in enlarging their social circles.


The synthesis and self-organizing behaviour into liquid-crystalline mesophases of two libraries of segmented block co-dendrimers are described. The overall structure of the dendritic supermolecules consists of two chemically incompatible molecular moieties, covalently connected by combinatory cross-coupling reactions. One block is composed of linear perfluorinated segments (2 generations, defining the two libraries), and the bulky dendritic compartment is formed by a lipophilic poly(benzyl ether)-based dendron (3 generations). The mesomorphic properties were studied as a function of the respective generations of both blocks and of the peripheral alkyl chains' substitution pattern. The results of these investigations reveal the formation of unusual and highly segregated supramolecular liquid-crystalline mesophases, whose arrangements are subtly controlled by the lipophilic/fluorophobic balance and dendritic connectivity.


Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is with a characterization of progressing loss of renal function; commonly, CKD progression leads to multiple comorbidities, including neurological dysfunction and immune disorders. Our previous study reported that accumulation of uremic toxins, including creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresol sulfate (PCS), could not only induce neuronal inflammation, but also NLRP3-inflammasome-correlated astrocytic inflammation; both neuronal and astrocytic inflammation significantly contribute to CKD-triggered cognitive impairment. Our study also demonstrated that AST-120, an IS and PCS absorbent, effectively reduced serum and hippocampal IS and PCS levels and hippocampal inflammation as well as reversed the cognitive function in CKD mice. The current study aims to understand how IS and PCS passing through endothelial cells and affecting endothelial physiology, consequently, compromises cerebral-endothelial and blood-brain-barrier (BBB) function. The results of Evans blue assay and Western blotting of this study have shown that 5/6 nephrectomy CKD mice occurred leakage of BBB and IS treatment could trigger NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated endothelial inflammation respectively. Moreover, Western blotting assay also indicated expression of endothelial tight-junction proteins was altered by IS and immunocytochemistry images showed that the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was activated and relocated to nuclei of endothelial cells. Furthermore, images of immunocytochemistry revealed that the organic anion transporter (OAT) inhibiters, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, prohibit IS-induced AhR relocation to endothelial nuclei. Therefore, we postulated that IS and PCS pass through endothelial membrane via certain types of OATs/OATPs and activate AhRs relocating to nuclei, subsequently, induce endothelial inflammation, alter expression of tight-junction proteins, and dysregulate permeability of BBB. The goal of our study is to decipher mechanisms of aromatic uremic toxins, specially IS and PCS, induced cognitive impairment and find out possible treatments via blocking IS/PCS endothelial transcytosis, suppressing endothelial AhR activity, preventing endothelial inflammation, and maintaining endothelial permeability. The study is funded by National Science and Technology Committee of Taiwan, grant number 111-2320-B-128A-004 This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.


The study presented in this paper describes an optimized negative tone optical resist based on ultraviolet (UV)-induced cross-linking of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). This simple resist is made by dissolving PMMA and a photo-cross-linking agent—Irgacure 379, in ethyl lactate. Irgacure cross-links PMMA when exposed to i-line radiation (365 nm wavelength). However, as it does not absorb at longer wavelengths, this resist is in-sensitive to visible light. The outstanding optical transparency and high resolution capability of PMMA make this resist system useful for many applications. While PMMA has low resistance to erosion during dry etching processes, this resist allows plasma erosion resistance to be enhanced by a postpatterning blanket UV exposure process. Furthermore, being based on PMMA and similar acrylic polymers that are amenable to patterning through electron beam lithography, this resist system can also be used for processes that combine optical and electron beam lithography on the same resist film.


The acai palm is a typical palm tree of the Amazonian estuary, especially important in the diet and extractive agriculture economy of the Eastern Amazonia. Its fruit productivity is highly dependent on cross-pollination. Meliponiculture has greatly advanced during the last decades, however, the use of meliponines for the pollination of tropical fruit trees is scarse. In this work, in an irrigated crop of Euterpe oleracea, the fruit yield was evaluated after the introduction of colonies of Scaptotrigona aff. postica (Latreille, 1807). Three gradients, 0-50, 65-115 and 130-180 meters, was used as a methodology to evaluate the productivity increase, from the central point where 30 colonies were installed. The productivity rate was evaluated by fruit weight per bunch, number of fruits per rachilla, average fruit diameter and weight of one hundred sample fruits. A significant increase in the productivity could be observed, reaching 2.5 times more, depending on the distance of the plant to the colonies of bees. The highest productivity interval was the closest, from 0-50 meters.


Objective: To explore the effects of comprehensive intervention in nursing of diabetes mellitus(DM) patients.Methods: 210 type 2 DM patients were randomized to control group(n=105) and intervention group(n=105).Patients in control group received regular treatment and nursing,while patients in intervention group received comprehensive nursing based on regular treatment and nursing.After 6 months' following up,the effects of two groups were compared.Results :Six months later,compared with the control group,the levels of FBG,2hPBG,HbAlc,TC,TG in intervention group were significantly decreased(P0.05),and the lifestyle such as laws of with medication,diet,self-monitoring in the intervention group were also significantly improved(P0.05).Conclusions: Comprehensive nursing can help stabilize patients' condition,relieve and delay complications,and improve life quality.


This paper compares and studies some different views on the legal nature of the ownership transfer registration in private house transaction in town.The author of the paper thinks that the ownership transfer registration is a means of carrying out the transaction contract ,thus an act of property ownership.


Enterprise competibility is the comprehensive quality that enables enterprises to sustainably provide product and service more effectively than others. The competitiveness of small and medium enterprises of Changshu is limited compared with that of advanced areas and nearby cities.The key to its improvement to adjust competition tactics:namely,shifting its emphasis from cost competitiveness to environment competitiveness, from unitary competitiveness to assembly competitiveness and from resource competitiveness to ability competitiveness.


By clearly understanding the reservoir condition and distribution law of oil and gas reservoir and extremely definite target strata of exploration, the exploration of the Liaohe Offshore Oilfield was a new breakthrough. The major control factors of the reservoir forming condition from many aspects were discussed, which included source rocks, reservoirs, caprocks, passage system, reservoir forming periods etc, and also the law of oil and gas distribution in the east of Liaohe Offshore Oilfield was summarized from vertical and horizontal levels. The result shows that there exist many sets of oil and gas combinations vertically which are controlled by the multi-period hydrocarbon migrations, and law of oil gas distributions, horizontally oil and gas depression is obviously distributed with three belts around the basin.


When industrial robotics subject is taught in a degree in robotics, social and humanoid robotics concepts are rarely mentioned because this field of robotics is not used in industry. In this paper, an educational project related with industrial robotics is presented which includes social and humanoid robotics. The main motivations to realize this research are: i) humanoid robotics will be appearing soon in industry, the experience, based on research projects, indicates their deployment sooner than expected; ii) its educational interest, technology is shared with industrial robotics; iii) it is very attractive, students are interested in this part of the subject and thus they are interested in the whole subject. As a pedagogical methodology, the use of the problem-based learning is considered. Those concepts are introduced in a seminar during the last part of the subject and developed as a set of practices in the laboratory. Keywords—Higher education in robotics, humanoid robotics, problem-based learning, social robotics.


Metasurfaces have garnered significant attention in recent years as devices that direct waves, manipulate the polarization of transmitted or reflected waves, or influence spectral properties of those waves. Until now, most of the attention was focused on the development of planar metasurface structures. However, many demanding electromagnetic applications require the implementation of curved structures. In this paper, we propose an analysis approach for curved metasurfaces that are not homogeneous, i.e. metasurfaces that have spatially-varying distribution of surface sheet impedance. The considered formulation also covers metasurfaces that do not encompass the entire canonical curved surface. The results are verified against several experimentally characterized cylindrical metasurface examples.


Contrary to what readers may assume from the title, this book does not recount a traditional chronological history of the Medical Library Association (MLA), but instead "examines the spirit of the medical library movement and the ideas that shaped the occupation of medical librarianship in the first half of the twentieth century" (p. viii). In response to those who expect an institutional history to focus on—in the words of Martin Cummings—"books, buildings, bodies, and bucks" [1], the author promises for the future a parallel text on professionalization in medical librarianship with the working title, Purveyors of Medical Knowledge. Connor has written a history of ideas and a social history of the milieu out of which MLA grew. She indicates ways the origins of the organization in medicine have continued to distinguish medical librarians as a culture separate from the larger profession of librarianship. Initially named the Association of Medical Librarians, the association was established in 1898 and took its pres-ent name after 1907. It was a medical society run entirely by physicians, begun in an effort to upgrade medical collections through an exchange of duplicate medical literature.

The book is organized in six chapters with additional introductory and concluding chapters. Chapter one describes how the function of medical libraries changed from a place for book storage to "laboratories in which physicians could examine the latest in medical thought" (p. 34). In this context, Connor examines the enduring influence on medical librarianship of John Shaw Billings, who developed the Army Medical Library in the Surgeon General's Office into the National Library of Medicine. The second chapter recounts the activities of two physicians, George N. Gould and C. D. Spivak, who both sought independently to develop a plan for the exchange of duplicate publications "to bring order to the chaos of proliferating medical literature" (p. 37). The next chapter expands on Gould's contributions as founder and first president of MLA. Chapters four and five detail William Osler's powerful impact, initially as second president of the association and later through friends, colleagues, students, and relatives. Osler steered the association toward historical study to elevate the medical profession and thereby formed the new field of history of medicine. This emphasis persisted until after World War II, when medicine, medical librarianship, and history of medicine began to go their own ways. Chapter six discusses three prominent nonmedical members of the association, librarians Margaret Charlton, Marcia Noyes, and Grace Myers.

This reviewer found Connor's study quite engaging and was personally surprised to learn how involved Osler had been with the details surrounding the beginnings of MLA. The author presented her extensive research and carefully documented everything without making readers feel overwhelmed by the apparatus of scholarship. A bibliographic essay that offers a broader range of studies for further consideration complements the references identifying specific sources. Appropriate use of illustrations and summary tables enhance the text. This publication should find a valued place in medical libraries in general and history of medicine collections in particular and is highly recommended.


Cirrhinus mrigala was exposed to lethal and sub lethal concentration of cypermethrin (5.13µg/l and 1.026 g/l) for the period of 4 and 21 days and histopathological changes of intestine was investigated. It shows, increase in the mucosal cell activity, degenerative changes in its structure, hypertrophy of epithelial cells, swelling of lamina propria, fusion of villi due to excessive hypertrophy and oedemic lamina propria ultimately leading to rapture of villi at their tips. The damage was maximum towards the sides of villi and base but progressed with time. The damage was greater at high dose and with the time of exposure the lamina propria separated from the basement membrane inhabiting blood supply to epithelial layers. In sub lethal concentration of cypermethrin, hypertophy and nerosis of epithelial cells on day 1. Day 7 and 14 cellular exudates in the lumen of intestine, the circular and longitudinal muscles were desquamated. After 14 th and 21 st days recovery tendency was seen.


Water repellency is the hydrophobic property of soil which indicates the physical phenomenon that the surface of soil particles can not or hard to be moistened by soil water.Study on water repellency is not only helpful to assessing the impact of hydrophobic property of soils on ecological environment,but also beneficial to providing soil erosion control with new approaches.The development of water repellency theory and the relevant research achievements at each major development phrases were summarized.The main environmental factors causing soil water repellency such as fire,soil texture,vegetation,etc.,were elaborated,and the research development tendency regarding water repellency of soils were prospected so as to be referred by the corresponding studies in the future.


By Reagan Ritterbush @Reagan0720 At least 16 students received an email from the Isaiah Carter and Sydney O'Connell student body presidential campaign around midnight Jan. 23, the nature of which could constitute a violation of the 2016 SG Election Code. According to the code, candidates are allowed to "personally and individually" recruit people to their campaign before the sanctioned campaign period, which began Feb. 15, but the 16 individuals said they did not know Carter personally. The emails were sent three weeks before the sanctioned campaign period, and every email sent was identical and asked for students to join the campaign. "We advise when people are reaching out to other people that they do know them reasonably well, in the sense that the person they were asking to be an agent or worker would want to give some of their time to work on that campaign because of that existing relationship," Catrin Watts, chair of the Election Supervisory Board, said. Business freshman Ida Hishmeh, who received the campaign email, said she does not know Carter personally and did not provide him with her email for campaign purposes. "That email was kind of unexpected for me," Hishmeh said. "I didn't know how they got my email or why I was being emailed." When asked to provide the original email, Carter said he could not find it and that it may have been deleted. Carter said in an email statement the campaign cleaned out the account for "convenience and clarity" when he changed running mates in January. Carter said he acquired the student's emails through an SG database, to which he has access because of his current position as SG chief of staff. Carter said the database contains more than 1,000 student emails, some of which were acquired when students filled out an SG interest form during freshman orientation. Carter said the campaign email was


Abstract The image of death played an important role in the art of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in Italy. This prominence reflects a greater concern with the preparation for death during this period than today. In this article the tradition of the Ars Moriendi ("Art of Dying Well"), which is the term that refers to a collection of devotional books of the fourteenth to the eighteenth centuries that were used to help prepare each individual for a good death, is examined as a contributing factor in the frequent appearance of figures of death in Roman baroque sculpture. Particular attention is given to the attitudes of the living toward death and the salvation of the soul as recorded in written and visual form.


An important question in interactive information retrieval (IIR) is: How can we support searchers with specific types of search tasks? We describe an auxiliary support tool referred to as the "Matrix''. The Matrix tool was designed to support searchers with comparative search tasks, which require comparing items along different dimensions. The Matrix was designed as a grid of rows and columns representing the items and dimensions related to a comparative task. The Matrix was integrated with a custom-built search interface, which allowed users to search for information and drag-and-drop relevant passages directly into cells in the Matrix. We investigate the following general question: Given a partially completed Matrix, can a system automatically populate empty cells in the Matrix with relevant passages? To this end, we conducted two crowdsourced studies in which participants were assigned comparative tasks and asked to use our system (integrated search interface + Matrix) to populate every cell in the Matrix. After gathering this data, we evaluated machine-learned models for ranking passages in response to an empty Matrix cell and partially completed Matrix. We address two research questions: (RQ1) What are useful types of features for this predictive task? and (RQ2) How does performance vary based on the level of Matrix completion? We view our research as a step towards designing support tools that: (1) help users organize information while searching and (2) can autocomplete search tasks by exploiting the task structure and a searcher's partial solution.


How do we advise transplant recipients today who are considering pregnancy regarding risk? Health care professionals who counsel women of childbearing age should stress that for every pregnancy there is the background risk in the general population of approximately 3% of a newborn having structural birth defects (1). In addition to pregnancy, there may be risks related to her posttransplant comorbidities.


Objective: Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLHCC) is a rare variant of HCC. We report an analysis of the clinicopathologic features, treatment outcomes, and prognostic indicators of 94 cases. Methods: We retrospectively collected clinicopathologic and treatment outcome data from 94 FLHCC patients (48 males and 46 females). Median overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves, and survival rates were compared by the log-rank test. The Cox proportional hazard model was used for univariate and multivariate estimation of hazard risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for factors that correlated with survival and disease recurrence after resection. Results: Median age was 23 years (14-75); median OS was 57.2 months (95% CI, 36.4-77.9), and median RFS was 13.9 months (95% CI, 8.8-18.9). White race, female gender, early tumor stage, and tumor resection including metastasectomy were positively associated with longer OS, while female gender was the only significant positive predictor of longer RFS. Finally, the 5-fluorouracil-interferon combination was the most frequently used systemic therapy. Conclusions: Our analyses indicate that surgical approaches including metastasectomy as the first-line treatment in FLHCC correlated with better outcome. Multimodality approaches, including neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies, prolonged patient survival.


Fe(110) films in the monolayer regime were prepared at 300 K in UHV on W(110). Pseudomorphic structure and layer‐by‐layer growth were established using LEED, AES, and conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy (CEMS). For the pseudomorphic monolayer, ferromagnetic order was established using CEMS below a monolayer Curie temperature TC (1)=(210±10) K=0.20TC(∞) for a free monolayer and TC(1)=(296±1) K=0.28TC(∞) for a Ag‐coated monolayer, respectively. Magnetic hyperfine fields Bhf(T) could be measured for T≥90 K. Ground‐state values could be determined by extrapolation to Bhf(0)=(10±1) T for the free and Bhf(0)=(11.9±0.3) T for the Ag‐coated monolayer, respectively. A critical region 270<T<300 K was analyzed to some detail for the Ag‐coated monolayer. In this region, the CEMS spectrum contains a magnetic and a nonmagnetic component. Transition to the paramagnetic phase occurs by transition of intensity from the magnetic to the nonmagnetic line, whereas Bhf of the magnetic component remains finite with appro...


This article examines the impact of the 2008–09 global financial crisis on the dynamics of transatlantic relations. The financial crisis has revealed systemic weaknesses in the governance of the eurozone and fundamental divisions between national governments in the EU on how these should be addressed. In the context of German domestic politics the financial crisis has resulted in increasing scepticism towards US-style liberal market capitalism. Germany managed to maintain its strong economic standing under the adverse circumstances of the financial crisis. Domestically the post-crisis political consensus has hence emphasised the strengths of Germany's coordinated market economy in contrast to the liberal model of the US. This article offers a comparative analysis of how the crisis was perceived and how it has been addressed in Germany and the US. It argues that the financial crisis has significantly changed the parameters of the bilateral relations between Germany and the US in the context of wider EU–US transatlantic relations.


Several results that distinguish self-reducibility of a language L with the question of whether search reduces to decision for L are obtained. It is proved that if NE intersection co-NE not=E, then there exists a set L in NP-P such that search reduces to decision for L, search does not nonadaptively reduce to decision for L, and L is not self-reducible. Results that distinguish adaptively randomly self-reducible sets from nonadaptively randomly self-reducible sets, results concerning tradeoffs in multipower interactive proof systems, and results that distinguish checkable languages from those that are nonadaptively checkable are obtained. Many of the results depend on new techniques for constructing P-selective sets.<<ETX>>


In order to use material efficiently, non-prismatic column sections are frequently employed. Tapered-web column cross-sections are commonly used, and design guides of such sections are available. In this study, various web-and-flange-tapered column sections were analysed numerically using finite element method to obtain each buckling load assuming the material as elastic-perfectly plastic material. For each non-prismatic column, the analysis was also performed assuming the column is prismatic using average cross-section with the same length and boundary conditions. Buckling load of the prismatic columns were obtained using equation provided by AISC 360-16. This study proposes a multiplier that can be applied to the buckling load of a prismatic column with an average cross-section to acquire the buckling load of the corresponding non-prismatic column. The multiplier proposed in this study depends on three variables, namely the depth tapered ratio, width tapered ratio, and slenderness ratio of the prismatic section. The equation that uses those three variables to obtain the multiplier is obtained using regression of the finite element results with a coefficient of determination of 0.96.


The global economic and financial crisis has generated a series of adjustments both in terms of macroeconomic policies and especially in terms of real economies developments. One field with major impact on the economies development, especially in this period, is the labour market. Referring to the labour market, the results at the global, regional and local levels appear extremely negative. Thus, only in the European Union (EU27) approximately 23.248 million men and women were unemployed in November 2010, of which 15.924 million people in the euro area, according to Eurostat. At the end of 2010, the EU27 unemployment rate was 9.6% and in the euro area it reached no less than 10%. Lately, in the labour market, although one can observe some temporary improvements, from month to month, the situation remains critical due to the delay in creating new jobs. In this context, the paper aims to capture, through a case study, the developments of EU New Member States (NMS) labour market, before and after the emergence of the crisis. The obvious and immediate implications of the crisis on the labour market are the increase of unemployment, especially the long-term unemployment, and the more difficult recovery of the NMS labour market, compared with euro area countries.


Fault simulation is critical in test development and fault diagnosis for mixed-signal systems. In this paper we present a novel concurrent fault simulation method for analog/digital mixed-signal circuits. A prototype mixed-signal fault simulation system is developed based on two existing digital and analog fault simulators. The key issue of fault list propagation between digital and analog fault simulators is addressed. Our fault simulation method can deal with mixed-signal systems containing asynchronous digital circuits, nonlinear analog devices, and systems with digital/ analog feedback loops. Simulation results for a PLL circuit domesticate the efficiency of this concurrent mixed-signal fault simulation system.


with a linear correlation coefficient with the observed surface temperatures (1958– 2010 CE) of 0.73" I don't think this number is meaningful, I suggest to remove it. P2 "(Rignot et al., 2011)" Update with Rignot et al. (2019) https://www.pnas.org/content/116/4/1095 "(Wouters et al., 2013)." Idem, update the reference. "from stable isotope ratios of oxygen" From water stable isotopes, and in particular δ18O P3 "According to Monaghan et al. (2008), the observed sensitivity of Antarctic snowfall accumulation to surface temperature was about 5% K-1 during the 1960–1999 period." Why Monaghan and not a most recent and complete reference? (e.g. Frieler 2015) "These results suggest that in some regions, especially along the AIS coasts, the vari-


The National Mapping Division, U.S. Geological Survey, has begun a major new system development effort called MARK II that has as its goal the implementation of advanced tech nologies and production procedures that will satisfy projected requirements of the National Mapping Program through the year 2000. At that time, it is planned that the National Digital Cartographic Data Base will be fully operational, with its contents based essentially on digital data. These data will represent the 7.5-minute, 1:24,000scale map series, as well as other smaller scale series, and will be the central focus of the Division's mapping activities. To accomplish this ambitious goal, a series of development tasks are being implemented to (1) expand and improve mass digitization capabilities, (2) modify data structures to support increased content and access requirements, (3) develop digital revision capability, (4) develop product generation capability for standard, derivative, and digital products, (5) improve quality control, and (6) support advanced analysis and applica tions. Development of the MARK II system has begun, and implementation over the next few years will lead to full production of 1:24,000-scale digital data in the early 1990's.


In this paper, the incompressible and isothermal flow of Sutterby fluid is investigated during the forward roll coating process. The mass and momentum equations are non-dimensionalized and simplified using lubrication approximation theory (LAT). Perturbative results are obtained for the velocity, pressure gradient, flow rate, and shear stress, while coating thickness, maximum pressure, separating point, roll separating force and roll-transmitted power are found by Simpson's 3/8 rule. Outcomes exhibit that velocity, pressure gradient and coating thickness are substantially influenced by the non-Newtonian fluid parameter, which may increase the coating efficiency. Also, power input and roll separating force is directly proportional to the non-Newtonian parameter.


Of all the doctrines of the Christian faith, descent into hell and ascension into heaven are arguably the most implausible to the modern Western mind. We no longer live in the three-decker universe where such doctrines could make sense. Consequently, if these doctrines are to be a resource for current theology, we need to get beyond their mythological garb to whatever theological insights they might contain. At face value, the two doctrines of descent into hell and ascension seem to affirm Christ's absence. Regardless of how we interpret descent into hell whether it is a circumlocution for death or a mythical portrayal of Christ's ministry to the damned the initial meaning is that Christ had (temporarily) departed from the world of the living. Between Good Friday and Easter Sunday Christ lies in the grave, leaving his abandoned, despairing disciples to mourn his absence. Christ's absence also seems to be the underlying meaning of the doctrine of the ascension. If we follow Luke's Gospel (Luke 24.1-53), Jesus ascended to his Father on the evening of Easter Sunday. According to the account of the Acts of the Apostles (Acts 1.1-11), however, Christ ascended into heaven after 40 days, leaving the disciples alone until their reception of the Spirit. Whichever version of the ascension we favour, the fact remains that the disciples are left without Christ. Descent into hell and ascension thus share a common emphasis on Jesus' absence. Whereas the absence in the case of the descent into hell is three days, however, with the ascension it is, as Acts 1.11 makes clear, an absence until the parousia. The disciples, then, are situated on an axis between the two points of Christ's presence, namely his earthly presence and his return to usher in the Kingdom. Christ has still not yet returned and thus we, like the disciples, continue to live in the ongoing period of Jesus' absence. This absence raises the question: how are Christians to live lives of discipleship in view of Christ's absence? To put it another way, does Christ's' ascension entail his abandonment of the earthly or does it constitute a new mode of presence in the world? It is precisely such questions that underlie the controversy between Luther, Zwingli and Oecolampadius concerning the nature of the Eucharist.


Lumbar disk hernia (LDH) is a typical desease which causes low back pain (LBP). We analysed LBP in 45 operated cases with L4/5 LDH except for cases of relapse, spondylolysis, and pondylolisthesis between March 1999 and March 2001. 29 patients were treated by microscopic Love operation, 12 patients by laminoplasty and microscopic herniotomy, 4 patients by posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). 31 patients (68.9%) had LBP as a primary symptom of LDH, and only 3 patients (6.7%) continued to complain of LBP until preoperation. LBP with LDH changed to lower extremity pain. Patients who continue to complain of LBP should undergo fusion if LBP is caused by discography.


Solitary bifurcation points are the main content of complex functions.This paper introduces how to judge the types of solitary bifurcation points.


Assisted Reproductive Technologies and Medically Assisted Reproduction in the Context of the European Convention on Human Rights : Legal and Social Perspectives


In order for corporations and institutions to perform efficient management, they first have to infer what factors customers seek for, then continuously strive to provide them with better service. The most important element to provide better service is accurate feedback from customers; however, Korea lacks of standardized system for measuring customer satisfaction. This study suggests the analysis system for survey, which evaluates customer satisfaction efficiently. The system sets up measuring factor for each service quality, and makes it possible to perform methodically. Especially, the system introduces scoring scheme so that it evaluates quality of service or unit service and prioritizes factors those need to be improved. Furthermore, the survey is operated via mobile and online system, which can be analyzed in real time, and lets foreigners use in their own languages. Through applying the analysis system of customer satisfaction survey to students who participated in work-study program, it substantiates the effectiveness of this system.


As we have seen in the introduction to this volume (pp. 000, 000), the Pygmalion trope had particular conceptual currency in the latter half of the eighteenth century. Although in Ovid the statue is fashioned from ebur, ivory, contemporary depictions including a sculptural realisation by Étienne-Maurice Falconet (fig. 1) showed her in marble, referencing the dominant medium associated with antiquity at the time. Following the lead of Winckelmann, contemporary conceptions of classical Greece were regularly shaped around a canon of sculpture. A host of historians, critics, and philosophers embraced the pure beauty, the Schönheit, which classical sculptures appeared to embody. Among them Johann Gottfried Herder paid particular attention to the aesthetic mechanisms by which such beauty was perceived. Platt and Squire in the previous chapter examined the tactile appeal of sculpture in antiquity (pp xx-xx), a sensuality which may likewise be found in Herder's approach to three-dimensional artwork. Although typically placed among the visual arts, it is only through touch, according to Herder, that sculpture is fully appreciated: as music appeals to the ears and painting to the eyes, sculpture, as die schöne Kunst des Gefühls ("the fine art for touch"), corresponds to "the


Land use intensification in urban areas can have profound effects on biological communities that provide valuable ecosystem services to urban residents. We used a functional response and effect trait approach to determine how bird species' responses to local and landscape-scale habitat of urban green spaces affects the supply of cultural and regulating ecosystem services. We sampled bird communities and habitat variables in urban green spaces that varied in local and landscape-scale habitat composition and compiled a dataset of species' response and effect traits related to nesting, foraging, diet, and visual and acoustic aesthetic appeal. Overall, the landscape-scale context of a green space had a stronger influence on species' abundances than local-scale habitat. Landscape-scale impervious surface surrounding our study sites interacted with response traits related to nesting in human-built structures, clutch size, and consumption of invertebrates to drive bird species' abundances. Because correlations between response and effect traits can influence the effect traits available to provide ecosystem services at a site, we explored the correlation of these three response traits to a suite of effect traits and found the response traits were correlated with several effect traits related to diet and regulating services but correlated with few of the plumage and acoustic traits that produce cultural services. Finally, we found that effect traits associated with cultural and regulating ecosystem services varied strongly along the landscape-scale gradient of urbanization. Sites with high impervious surface cover are expected to have low levels of invertebrate pest control and visual appeal but high levels of acoustic appeal, diet evenness (generalism), and granivory. Overall, our study highlights the key role of landscape-scale habitat in driving bird-mediated ecosystem services and underscores the importance of regional urban planning to create healthy and livable cities.


For the three parties including the prosecution,the defence and the trial in criminal proceedings are not the equal powers.The irreplaceable principle of the criminal procedure which named the "Second Appeal Without Additional Punishment" has been established.In this Principle,the procedural rights of the Parties could constraint the state power of punishment and the jurisdiction.?This Principle can protect the Appeal Right of the accused and realize the Justice of Judicature.Focusing on the entity and ignoring the program is becoming the present situation of the judicial practice.In order to rectify this alienation,the new Criminal Procedure Law emphasizes this principle's legislative significance even more.We should deeply understand the connotation and theoretical basis of the principle of "Second Appeal Without Additional Punishment".Clearing up some vague and error awareness.At the same time,we should practically implementing of this principle,completely eliminating the variety of disguised forms of additional punishment and returning the legislative purpose.


BACKGROUND
The period of college represents a particularly risky developmental stage with regards to alcohol use, as college students engage in more risky drinking behaviors than their non-college peers, and such problematic alcohol use is associated with far-reaching negative consequences. Existing findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) indicate that alcohol consumption has a complex polygenic etiology. Currently, there is a lack of studies examining genetic risk for alcohol consumption using polygenic risk scores (PRS) in college samples. In this study, we examined whether alcohol-specific and risky-behavior-related PRS were longitudinally associated with alcohol consumption among college students and whether this effect might be partially mediated by impulsivity domains.

METHOD
The sample included n = 2,385 European and n = 1,153 African ancestry college students assessed over the course of four years. To indicate genetic risk, two PRS were created based on recent large-scale GWAS: alcohol consumption (Liu et al., 2019) - DPW (drinks per week)-PRS, and risky behaviors (Linnér et al., 2019) - RISK-PRS. The main outcome was alcohol consumption, measured across four waves of follow-up data. The UPPS-P impulsivity subscales were examined as mediators of the genetic effect on alcohol consumption.

RESULTS
The results from structural equation modeling showed that among European ancestry students, both DPW-PRS and RISK-PRS had significant positive effects on alcohol consumption above and beyond UPPS dimensions and control variables. RISK-PRS explained larger portion of variance in alcohol consumption than DPW-PRS. RISK-PRS showed a significant indirect effect on alcohol consumption through Sensation seeking and Lack of perseverance; no significant indirect effect of DPW-PRS was found. No significant association of either PRS and alcohol consumption was found for African ancestry participants.

CONCLUSIONS
The current results found that PRS related to more broadly-defined risky behaviors predicted alcohol consumption across college years, and that this association was partially mediated via dimensions of impulsivity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


129 patients (69 men and 60 women) aged (69.5±11.6) were observed at the annual stage after the implantation of cardiac pacemaker and drug therapy in the DDD / DDDR and VVI / VVIR modes of stimulation. Patients were divided into 2 groups-II and III stages of AH. In early postoperative, in the semiannual and annual periods after the implantation, depending on the stage of hypertension were estimated: the base frequency of stimulation, atrioventricular delay (stimulated and detected), ventricular stimulation threshold, ventricular electrode impedance, percentage of ventricular stimulation. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the changes in the parameters of stimulation between the DDD / DDDR and VVI / VVIR modes in patients with implanted cardiac pacemaker and AH. AH III against stage II requires a higher ventricular stimulation threshold, ventricular electrode impedance, AV delay of stimulated and detected complexes, percentage of ventricular stimulation than stage II of AH at all stages of observation. Careful drug support of patients with AH after the implantation of cardiac pacemaker with the account of the stage of hypertension allows to improve the parameters of pacemaker


The effects of different additives on surimi quality were investigated by measuring the activities of cathepsin B, H and L, pH, gel strength and folding flexibility, water-holding capacity and whiteness of grass carp surimi added with several saccharide and protein additives separately. Results indicated that different additives had different inhibitory effects on the activities of cathepsin B and L in grass carp surimi. Sucrose plus sorbite resulted in the greatest increase in surimi gel strength. Grass carp surimi had the highest water-holding capacity upon the addition of potato starch. All additives tested except purple yam and refined kojac powder had no significant effect on surimi whiteness, but potato starch, sucrose plus sorbite, refined kojac powder and collagen could remarkably enhance the folding efficiency of grass carp surimi.


In this short paper we discuss how the position - scale half-space of wavelet analysis may be cut into different regions. We discuss conditions under which they are independent in the sense that the T\"oplitz operators associated with their characteristic functions commute modulo smoothing operators. This shall be used to define microlocal classes of distributions having a well defined behavior along lines in wavelet space. This allows us the description of singular and regular directions in distributions. As an application we discuss elliptic regularity for these microlocal classes for domains with cusp-like singularities.


Hyperbaric oxygen chamber is a special container which is rich of oxygen.For the purpose of making sure that patients can effectively get the treatmeant under atmospheric pressure environment(1 atm),security of hyperbaric oxygen chamber is quite important.This paper analyses possible factors that induce fire emergencies from hardware and software aspects,thus to prevent the fire emergencies and eliminate the hidden troubles.


Cervical cancer is the 4 th most common cancer among women worldwide, with an
estimated 527,624 new cases and 265,653 deaths in 2012. Worldwide, mortality rates of cervical cancer
are substantially lower than incidence with a ratio of mortality to incidence to 50.3%. Cervical cancer
ranked as the 2nd cause of female cancer and 2nd most common female cancer in women aged 15 to 44
years in Indonesia. During 2012, about 20,928 new cervical cancer cases are diagnosed annually in
Indonesia. Based on data from the East Java Provincial Health Office, in 2011 the number of patients with
cervical cancer in East Java reached 1,844 cases, and Malang city is the highest contributors. Currently
there are 747 women in the city of Malang are known to suffer from cervical cancer


Objective
To preliminarily identify the nursing interventions and activities for inpatients with pulmonary ventilation dysfunction in different levels based on Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC).

Methods
Evidence-based clinical practices and literatures about nursing activities of patients with ventilation dysfunction were reviewed, and took full advantage of their function with clinical follow-up. Firstly, 6 clinical nursing specialists were consulted by a questionnaire survey, which was based on the initial screened nursing interventions and activities from NIC. Then, 22 experts were consulted twice.

Results
The expert authority coefficient was 0.80 on average and the positive coefficient of experts were 95.83% and 100.00%. The established nursing programs related to function included 31 interventions and 258 activities which ranging from extremely severe to mild was 30(252), 20(143), 19(103), 6(25), 5(19), respectively. The nursing specialists consistency of selected interventions was 90.9% to 100%.The selected activities scored 4.00 to 5.00 in average, with the coefficient of variations ranging from 0 to 0.25.

Conclusions
The preliminarily established nursing interventions and activities are easy to communicate and can guide the clinical nursing practice.

Key words:
Pulmonary ventilation; Dysfumction; Inpatients; Nursing intervention; Program construction


Introduction. Replacing incandescent lamps with compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), which are three to six times more efficient, is one of the easiest methods to achieve energy efficiency. The present study aimed to evaluate relationships between UV emissions radiated and illuminance CFLs. Material and Methods. This pilot study was conducted on 16 single envelope CFLs. The illuminance and UV irradiance of various types of CFLs are measured on a three-meter long optical bench, using a calibrated lux meter and UV meter, and measurement was done in 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 cm, in three angles, including 0°, 45°, and 90°, at the ages of 0, 100, and 2000 hours. Result. UVC irradiance was not observed at the distance of 10 cm in all of lamps. The lowest value of UVB irradiance was recorded in Pars Khazar lamp, while the highest value was recorded in Etehad lamps. UVR values measured at different times showed negligible differences; the highest asset value was detected in zero times. One way ANOVA indicated that relationships between UVA irradiance and illuminance were significant (). Conclusion. UVB irradiance in most of the lamp in 10 and 25 cm was more than occupational exposure and UVA except for the fact that Pars Khazar 60 watts and Nama Noor 60 watts were less than occupational exposure.


Kasota, Minn., Feb. 17, 1894. To the Editor: —I see in Book Notices ofJournalof February 17, the notice of the Johns Hopkins Hospital Reports, but it does not state the name of the publishers. If published by theJournalsend it to me with bill, or kindly inform me where it is published. Yours respectfully, W. R. Hand. The book is published by the Johns Hopkins University. Please address them direct.—[Editor.]


YANG Wan-li,one of the most famous poets in Song Dynasty,had a posthumous collection of poems called Cheng Zhai Collection.The present author notices that YANG's theory of wenqi,or the spiritual vein or literary spirit,of literary articles has attracted little attention to the academic field.In fact,he chiefly accounted for his claim of wenqi theory in Cheng Zhai Ce Wen,an early work of his which was not collected in Cheng Zhai Collection,and hence failed to draw wide attention.But this theory is embodied in all his later literary practices and theoretical constructions.The wenqi theory,or literary spirit theory,was set up as an important aesthetic category based on his philosophical qi or spiritual noumenon,hence bestowed the classical Chinese literary theory with new aesthetic elements and tastes.It not only promoted the status of qi(spirit) and xiang(image) in the aesthetic system of the classical Chinese poetry,but also united organically literary spirit,literary style and literary layout(close to the present "grammar").Hence YANG's literary spirit theory made a unique contribution to the ancient Chinese literary aesthetic theory.


Rapid credit growth in Bulgaria, Romania, and Ukraine has been driven by successful macroeconomic stabilization, robust growth, and capital inflows. While financial deepening is both expected and welcome, the recent expansions appear to have been excessive, as evidenced by widening current account deficits in Bulgaria and Romania, and prudential concerns in Ukraine. Policy responses have included attempts to both moderate credit growth and offset its impact on domestic demand, with mixed success thus far.


This case study examined a peer-evaluation program at The Advocate newspaper in Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in which employees took turns serving on committees that critiqued each day's coverage. Their critique reports, containing both negative and positive comments on all elements of the news pages, were distributed to each employee of the news department. The study examines the content of the critique reports to determine whether the participants and the editors thought the program improved the newspaper, whether they wanted to continue it and what changes might improve it. The research methods included a survey of the news staff, a content analysis of the critique reports the staff wrote during a one-year period, and interviews with the editors. Results showed a majority of the staff mildly favored the program, thought it improved the newspaper and wanted to continue it with some revisions. The staff particularly favored more feedback from the top editors. The content analysis indicated that staffers addressed a broad range of problems and often offered solutions. The editors generally agreed with the findings and planned to continue the program. The findings suggested that other newspapers attempting staffwide critique programs should provide specific training, write detailed guidelines, focus on problem areas instead of everything in the news pages, require positive as well as negative comments, encourage critics to offer solutions, and ensure management has a strong role.


We have derived parameters that describe the higher-order geometric behavior of smooth surfaces. Our parameters are similar in spirit to the principal directions and principal curvatures that succinctly capture second-order shape behavior. We derive our parameters from a cylindrical Fourier decomposition around the surface normal. We present a visualization program for studying the influence of the various terms of different degrees on the shape of the local neighborhood of a surface point. We display a small surface patch that is controlled by two sets of parameters: One set is a simple polynomial description of the surface geometry in Cartesian coordinates. The other one is a set of Fourier components grouped by angular frequency and by their phase shifts. Manipulating the values in one parameter set changes the geometry of the patch and also updates the parameter values of the other set.


The invention discloses a process for recycling light hydrocarbons from the refinery dry gas. Through the process, the refinery dry gas is refined and compressed, dried and cooled, and the components of light hydrocarbons, such as C2 and C3 and so on are absorbed by absorbents in an absorption tower, and the component of C2+ contained in the gas in the top of the tower is condensed by low temperature obtained from the expansion in an expander by the gas in the top of the tower; then the components of light hydrocarbons absorbed in a desorption tower, such as C2 and C3 and so on are separated with the absorbents, and the desorbed gas in the desorption tower is a primary gas product. The process results in the recycling rate of the ethylene over 95 percent and the content of the components of light hydrocarbons in the primary gas product, such as C2 and C3 and so on over 90 percent. The invention is applicable to recycling the refinery dry gas caused by catalytic cracking, catalytic decomposition, cocking cracking and other petroleum refining processes.


Data obtained on the effects of selenium compounds on regulatory transcription factor-DNA binding by other laboratories are briefly reviewed, and some of our own results in this area are also presented. We assessed the in vitro and in vivo effects of the organoselenium compound 1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)selenocyanate (p-XSC) on the binding activities of the transcription factors nuclear factor-κB (NF-κ), activator protein-1 (AP-1), Sp1, and Sp3 using the HCT-116 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) cell line as a model system. Using nuclear extracts, electrophoretic mobility shift assays were carried out to determine the extent of binding of the transcription factors to their respective consensus recognition sites on radiolabeled oligonucleotides. p-XSC and sodium selenite reduced the consensus site binding activity of NF-κ in a concentration-dependent manner when nuclear extracts from cells stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-a were incubated with either compound ("in vitro"). However, only p-XSC inhibited NF-κ consensus recognition site binding when the cells were pretreated with either compound and were then stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-a ("in vivo"). In contrast, the consensus site binding activity of AP-1 was inhibited only with sodium selenite, but not with p-XSC in vitro or in vivo. p-XSC or sodium selenite reduced the consensus site binding of transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3 in concentration- and time-dependent manners when nuclear extracts from cells treated with either compound in vivo were assayed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. 1,4-Phenylenebis(methylene)thiocyanate, the sulfur analog of p-XSC, which is inactive in chemoprevention, had no effect on the oligonucleotide binding of Sp1 and Sp3. Our observations could provide further clues as to the mechanisms involved in the chemoprevention of cancer by p-XSC.


The scientific article describes the history of the combat service of the Orel Infantry Regiment of the first formation in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. The author analyzes the course of military campaigns in the period 1773-1774, special attention is paid to the tactics of re-connaissance and search actions of Russian musketeers, grenadiers and chasseurs in the Danube theater of the struggle against the Ottoman Empire. Specific examples of the participation of the Orel regiment in the storming of the Nagorny Redoubt in June 1773 and in river landing operations in the vicinity of the Silistria fortress in the autumn of 1773 are given. The conclusion is made about the prerequisites for achieving the status of one of the most combat-ready units of the Russian Imperial Army by the Orel Infantry Regiment.


The problems related to international judicial cooperation are not new. Every criminal proceeding requiring cooperation by the authorities of another state represents a challenge: added complexity, probable delays, difficulties in communicating in another language, explaining what exactly is required for the criminal investigation and, above all, the differences which exist between the different legal systems involved in the judicial cooperation. All these issues are well known and have often been dealt with by scholars and practitioners.1 The efforts made to simplify and speed up international cooperation have traditionally resulted in mutual legal assistance conventions, either bilateral or multilateral, and more recently in the European Union (EU) in legal cooperation instruments based on the principle of mutual recognition. Beyond these traditional forms of judicial cooperation between sovereign states the present situation poses new challenges that might demand new solutions and different models of judicial cooperation. Modern society does not act within the territorial borders of the sovereign state, and this is something that is also reflected in the exercise of criminal jurisdiction: criminal cases that require international cooperation are no longer a rarity. Despite these significant changes, the procedure has not adapted to this new reality and still considers transnational proceedings almost exclusively from the point of view of the issuing, transfer and executing of cooperation requests. Lacking an updated statutory framework in most countries it has been left to the courts to draw up applicable guidelines, specifically with regard to the admission and assessment of evidence obtained abroad.2


A recent modal analysis [J. Appl. Mech. 46, 417 (1979)] shows that a marked spatial concentration of the mean‐square response (larger than the spatial average by a factor 4) may exist in a dynamical system excited by a wideband, localized random force. Response is largest near the source. The system has distributed damping and a cutoff frequency below which waves could not freely propagate in an infinite, undamped system; the finite system has large modal density and strong modal overlap near the cutoff frequency. The same system is examined here by a multiple‐scattering analysis. It is shown that the spatial concentration, ascribed in the modal analysis to cross correlation between the responses of many modes, is largely described by the direct field (the first term of the scattering series) and is associated with a narrow band of response near the cutoff frequency, where free waves are strongly attenuated. Closed‐form analytical approximations are developed in terms of the fundamental dynamical paramete...


Despite its high nutritional value, tiger nut oil is hardly used in food industries compared to other vegetable oils such as olive and peanut oil. However, its benefits are increasingly being recognized, including its stability and similarity to olive oil in particular. This review discusses its composition, physico‐chemical properties and economic potential. Literature reveals that tiger nut oil shares a similar fatty acid profile with olive, avocado and hazelnut oil. Its low content of polyunsaturated fatty acid, tocopherol and phytosterol contributes to its high stability. When compared to soy bean oil, its phospholipids composition (3.1–5.4%) is higher. Its iodine and acid values reflect its quality at 76.60 and 0.03mg KOH/g oil, respectively. Roasted tiger nut oil was found to contain vanillin and to a lesser extent 2, 3‐dihydro‐3, 5‐dihydroxy‐6‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one and 5‐ethylfurfural as key odorants contributing to the overall aroma of the oil. Its low viscosity makes it suitable for use in coating industry and as fuel. In‐depth studies on the oils' constituents are on‐going but efficient and environmentally friendly extraction techniques are needed. Based on the available data, tiger nut oil has been established as an oil of good nutritional value which may be exploited to the great benefit of growers, processors and dealers of the tuber.


The mononuclear phagocytic system consists of a great variety of cell subsets localized throughout the body in immunological and non‐immunological tissues. While one of their prime tasks is to detect, phagocytose, and kill intruding microorganisms, they are also involved in maintaining tissue homeostasis and immune tolerance toward self through removal of dying cells. Furthermore, monocytes and macrophages have been recognized to play a critical role for mediating immunoglobulin G (IgG)‐dependent effector functions, including target cell depletion, tissue inflammation, and immunomodulation. For this, monocyte and macrophage populations are equipped with a complex set of Fc‐receptors, enabling them to directly interact with pro‐ or anti‐inflammatory IgG preparations. In this review, we will summarize the most recent findings, supporting a central role of monocytes and macrophages for pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory IgG activity.


In order to recover trace of platinum (Pt) from Cobalt-Rich-Crust (CRC), electrical disintegration was carried out to liberate the CRC. Electrical disintegration was performed by introducing high voltage impulse to the CRC, which broke down the CRC along the grain boundaries of minerals with different electrical parameters in it. In this study, the feasibility of liberating CRC by electrical disintegration was investigated, and the Pt grade in the CRC fragments after electrical disintegration was compared with the one after mechanical comminution. The results showed with the increase of the thickness of CRC, the applied voltage for the electric breakdown was also increased. Higher applied voltage made the particle size of CRC fragments smaller. When electrical disintegration was performed in conductive solution, the applied breakdown voltage and electric energy consumption needed was greatly increased since the majority of the current flowed through the solution instead of CRC. However, it could be prevented by using coated discharge electrode, which makes electrical disintegration of CRC perform in seawater possible. The Pt grade in smaller CRC fragments from electrical disintegration and mechanical comminution were almost the same; however, larger CRC fragments possessed higher Pt grade from electrical disintegration than the one from mechanical comminution.


We study whether using non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in the uplink of a mobile network can reduce the queueing delay compared to orthogonal multiple access (OMA) when the system requires communications at very low latency and high reliability. We first consider an ideal system model with perfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter and long codewords, where we determine the optimal decoding orders when the decoder uses successive interference cancellation (SIC) and derive closed-form expressions for the optimal rate when joint decoding is used. While joint decoding performs well even under tight delay constraints, NOMA with SIC decoding often performs worse than OMA. For low-latency systems, we must also consider the impact of finite-length channel coding, as well as rate adaptation based imperfect CSI. We derive closed-form approximations for the corresponding outage or error probabilities and find that those effects create a larger performance penalty for NOMA than for OMA. Thus, NOMA with SIC decoding may often be unsuitable for low-latency systems.


Umleavyo: The Dilemma of Parenting. Edited by Mary Ntukula and Rita Liljestrom. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2004. Pp. 152; 19 illustrations. £15.95 /euro18 /180 Swedish kroner, paper. Umleavyo is the third book in a series published by the Reproductive Health Study Group based at the University of Dar es Salaam. Umleavyo ("How you raise a child is how she will grow up") focuses on the struggles of Tanzanian parents to prepare children for adulthood, and the researchers focus primarily on childrearing, sexuality, and domestic relations. The book consists of an introductory chapter about the generation gap, four ethnographic case studies, and a concluding chapter that draws out the lessons of each case study and puts them in a broader framework. Virginia Bamurange's opening chapter starkly portrays the challenges facing adults in preparing children for adolescence, struggling for the literal words (as Zubeida Tumbo-Masabo points out) with which to discuss sexuality. While her chapter frustratingly does not indicate the setting or timeframe of these conversations, she effectively demonstrates the depth and impact of communication lapses between youths and adults. Juliana Mziray traces a three-generation shift in Pare childrearing, emphasizing that current youths are left rudderless because while their parents may have received culturally grounded models for conduct, these models no longer fit and their parents have no effective ways to transmit them. Mary Ntukula focuses on Ngoni and Yao ritual experts who describe traditional initiation practices that prepared youths for marriage and adulthood, as well as perceptions that "foreign" practices such as contraception have undermined those cultural training grounds. Ntukula does not indicate how many youths still participate in these initiations or what youths themselves think about them, so their effectiveness is unclear; however, this chapter pairs well with Mziray's "lay" descriptions from another region. Rosalia Katapa discusses how contemporary Nyakyusa youths' lifestyles differ from past cultural models, highlighting the dilemma that adults expect youths to contribute to the household and follow certain sexual or gendered norms, while youths either are unaware of those expectations or feel the current context prevents them from fulfilling them. This chapter usefully explores how both familial relations and economic life center in the household, as well as calling for public policies that will help youths resolve those dilemmas. Tumbo-Masabo, focusing on a poorer section of Dar es Salaam, explores communication breakdowns and gender relations that contribute to the spread of HIV/AIDS. …


Background: Awareness regarding the antibiotic usage forms vital way to overcome the quickly deepening problem of antibiotic resistance. Hence, all the medical students should be made aware of the current emerging health related issues as future clinicians. It is in this regards that this study was undertaken among undergraduate (UG) students, in order to assess their knowledge, attitude & practice concerning antibiotic use.Methods: The present observational study was conducted over a period of four months starting from May 2018 till August 2018 among undergraduates. A total of 250 structured questionnaires were distributed. Data collected was further entered in Microsoft excel sheet and further analysed.Results: Total 250 students participated in this present study. Out of them, nearly 75.6% had heard about antibiotic resistance while 24.4% denied. Regarding the improper use of antibiotics that can cause antibiotic resistance 70% was aware. Moreover, nearly 40.4% attended a CME about rational use of antibiotics. The belief that the antibiotics are safe drugs hence they can be commonly used was reported by 48%. The results were grouped into knowledge, attitude and practice regarding the antibiotic use.Conclusions: Thus, the result gives us useful insight regarding KAP of the undergraduate students who will be future prescribers of antibiotics. This can be further applied to plan desirable educational informative interventions that focus on improving the knowledge for prescribing antibiotics in future clinicians, which can further help in reducing the development of antibiotic resistance.


Purpose To study the effect of manganese on monoamines and possible cellular defense mec hanism . Methods Male SD rats were given drinking water containing manganese chloride(MnCl\-2·4H\-2O 0.5 and 2.5 g/L respectively) for 90 days.At the end of experiment,all rats of the exposed groups and control group were decapitated,there brains were removed and analyzed levels of dopamine(DA),3,4 dihydroxyphenylacetic acid(DOPAC),homovanillic acid(HVA),5 hydroxytryptamine(5 HT) and 5 hydroxyindole acetic acid(5 HIAA) in striatum;lipid peroxide,glutathione and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity in brain. Results 5 HIAA and HVA levels in striatum decreased significantly in heavy exposed group;SOD activities increased in exposed groups.Correlation analysis indicated that DA,DOPA levels were negatively correlated with glutathione,while 5 HIAA,HVA levels was negatively correlated with SOD activity. Results 5 HIAA and HVA levels in striatum decreased significantly in heavy exposed group;SOD activities increased in exposed groups.Correlation analysis indicated that DA,DOPA levels were negatively correlated with glutathione,while 5 HIAA,HVA levels was negatively correlated with SOD activity. Conclusions Manganese may effect the metabolism of DA and 5 HT,and glutathione and SOD may partly block this course.


Statistical analysis of pharmacopsychological examinations concerning interactions of alcohol with regard to response behaviour in 108 normal students are reported. Generally the functional capacity and reactivity was reduced when alcohol was given. A statistical correlation with respect to alcohol concentrations has been shown. Nevertheless, the results of experimental investigations are useful as criteria of traffic incapability only in context with constitutional, dispositional and situative conditions.


Extreme temperatures have been shown to have a detrimental effect on health. Hot temperatures can increase the risk of mortality, particularly in people suffering from cardiorespiratory diseases. Given the onset of climate change, it is critical that the impact of temperature on health is understood, so that effective public health strategies can correctly identify vulnerable groups within the population. However, while effects on mortality have been extensively studied, temperature–related morbidity has received less attention. This study applied a systematic review and meta–analysis to examine the current literature relating to hot temperatures and morbidity.


User travel characteristics are the representation of user portrait in travel aspect. Travel characteristics analysis can provide support for subsequent enterprises to improve travel services and make strategic decisions. In order to explore the characteristics of users' car-hailing travel, this paper analyzes the car-hailing order data and historical weather data. First of all, in order to understand the overall rules of user travel, the overall travel characteristics were visualized, which mainly included the average daily order volume, order time distribution and POI type of destination analysis. The ConvLSTM model was used to build a dual-input neural network by introducing external factors, and other models were used for horizontal comparison. The prediction results showed that the constructed model could learn the time and space characteristics well, and had the best performance in each evaluation index.


In a paradigm shift in plastic wastes due to the COVID-19 pandemic, wetlands such as mangroves are threatened by a new form of pollution, plastics, on top of the eutrophication of estuarine waters due to nitrogen and phosphorus wastes/effluents that lead to cyanobacterial proliferation. Both plastic and nutrient pollution lead to prosperity of cyanotoxin-producing cyanobacteria that flourish in both and disperse leading to the detriment of fauna and flora in the mangrove ecosystem due to resulting toxicities. Although cyanotoxins are still a relatively poorly studied phenomenon in mangroves, their presence does create a focus of attention due to biofilm formation and the resultant flotation and sinking properties that are linked to cyanobacterial mats on plastic debris. Sri Lanka, being the first country in the world to conserve all its mangrove wetlands, does have a responsibility to prevent the invasion of plastics to this protected ecosystem, and binding with the Ramsar Convention, precluding plastic waste and their concomitant footprint, is a task at hand to the relative authorities. The path ahead mandates that we study the properties of plastics for cyanobacterial proliferation, biofilm formation, the fates of such plastics (flotation, dispersal and sinking), the cyanotoxin production changes that are attributed—or linked—to plastic pollution and the resultant impacts on mangrove ecosystems. Cyanotoxins are long-lived, and it is paramount that we find the necessary mechanisms to eliminate or curtail their production in mangrove ecosystems while establishing surveillance and monitoring of both the producers and the harmful agents. Cyanobacteria although vehicles for nitrogen fixation and replenishing of nutrients to an N-depleted ecosystem such as the mangroves, could lead to enhancements in cyanotoxins production. However, this phenomenon remains ambiguous and poorly studied in applied phycology in relation to mangroves. "New normal" plastics are lodged mostly on the surfaces of bark, prop roots, and pneumatophores, which are the localities where the highest level of new nitrogen is fixed, and this may lead to the proliferation of N-fixing, cyanotoxin-producing cyanobacteria, which may have repercussions on both flora and fauna of mangroves. Therefore, it is crucial that we monitor plastic pollution and find mechanisms for sanitizing plastics-imprinted mangroves to lessen the harmful footprint resulting from plastic overload.


Submitted for the MAR07 Meeting of The American Physical Society Nanostructured Molybdenum Oxides for Lithium-Ion Batteries SE-HEE LEE, ROHIT DESHPANDE, PHIL PARILLA, KIM JONES, BOBBY TO, HARV MAHAN, ANNE DILLON, National Renewable Energy Laboratory — Lithium-ion batteries are the current power sources of choice for portable electronics. Although such batteries are commercially successful, they are not keeping pace with the rapid advances in computing technologies. Also, further improvement of performance and simultaneous reduction in cost as well as material toxicity remain the subject of intensive research. Here we report the synthesis and electrochemical performance of a novel molybdenum oxide nanoparticle anode that dramatically improves current Li-ion battery technologies. Crystalline MoOx nanoparticles have been grown by an economical hot-wire chemical-vapor-deposition (HWCVD) technique and a recently developed electrophoresis technique is employed for the fabrication of porous nanoparticle anodes. Our material exhibits a high reversible capacity of ∼600 mAh/g in the range 0.005-3.0 V with excellent cycling characteristics as well as high-rate capability. Both cycling stability and rate capability issues are addressed by employing these porous molybdenum oxide films that consist of nanoscale active particles. These materials will impact the next generations of rechargeable lithium batteries, not only for applications in consumer electronics, but also for clean energy storage and use in hybrid electric vehicles. Se-Hee Lee National Renewable Energy Laboratory Date submitted: 03 Dec 2006 Electronic form version 1.4


Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a pediatric cancer characterized by skeletal muscle histogenesis, with the embryonal histologic variant (ERMS) being the most common. Mutations of the RAS pathway are found in 40-60% of ERMS patient specimens, and as in other human cancers the RAS protein is currently not druggable, and inhibition of downstream RAS effector pathways fails due to compensating signaling. Thus, there is an urgent need to understand the dysregulated signaling in RAS-driven ERMS (rERMS). Hippo signaling was originally identified for its role in controlling organ size and tissue homeostasis, but it is now known to also have a critical role in cancer initiation and progression. In ERMS patients, higher YAP1 gene expression correlates with a poor prognosis, and in vitro and in vivo studies using ERMS cell lines and mouse models also show that YAP1 supports ERMS cell and tumor growth. Whether and how the YAP1 paralog WWTR1 (TAZ) contributes to rERMS tumorigenesis remains understudied. Our initial studies examining ERK suppression (genetic inhibition via shRNA or pharmacologic inhibition via trametinib) showed that this slowed rERMS cell growth and proliferation, and induced rERMS cell differentiation. However, we also found CTGF and CYR61 (downstream targets of YAP1/TAZ) significantly repressed upon trametinib treatment. While YAP1 appeared unaffected, trametinib treatment significantly suppressed TAZ at both the mRNA and protein levels in a dose-dependent manner. Suppression of TAZ with shRNA decreased rERMS cell growth and proliferation, suggesting that sustained TAZ expression is crucial for rERMS cell viability. Interestingly, there was no change in the activity of MST and LATS. Our next focus will be on the mechanism of ERK-mediated TAZ expression, with a potential role for glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta as a mediator of TAZ degradation. In summary, these studies identify a new role for RAS signaling in promoting rERMS cell survival via TAZ expression. Citation Format: Liz Yi-Tzu Lin, Corinne Linardic. RAS signaling promotes ERMS cell viability via sustaining TAZ expression and protein stability [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr A05.


Copula approaches to financial problems, such as asset allocation and extreme event analysis have traditionally been hampered by system identification problems. In general there is very little coherent advice in the literature on the selection of the most appropriate joint and marginal distributions. In this paper a new non-parametric empirical copula methodology is proposed, which negates the need to specify the functional forms of the marginal and joint density functions and provides a black box approach to analyzing multivariate dependency.


The performance of a direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS) receiver employing new techniques for multiple non-stationary interference suppression is presented. These techniques are based on transform domain order statistics and they selectively suppress spectral components that are sufficiently large and narrow. Other important advantages are also discussed. The bit error rate performance is determined by Monte-Carlo simulations and it is compared to the performance of fixed notch filtering and of the well-known LMS algorithm. The effect of using data windowing is examined, and results with single-tone, narrow-band, stationary, non-stationary and multiple interference are presented. A comparison of the amount of computation required by the proposed transform domain approach to that of the time-domain LMS algorithm is also presented.


PURPOSE
When a bilateral evaluation is conducted with the integrated speech protocol described in Punch and Rakerd (2019), testing for the first ear concludes with a measurement of the uncomfortable loudness level for speech (UCL). The purpose of this study was to assess the possibility that exposure to the high speech intensities required for that UCL test might bias the subsequent measurement of a listener's most comfortable loudness level for speech (MCL) in the opposite ear.

METHOD
Across 32 test runs, the left and right ear MCLs were established for 16 young adult listeners with normal hearing (five women, 11 men). The MCL assessed on each test run was measured twice. The first measurement was made at the start of the run and before a full integrated speech evaluation was conducted in the opposite ear (pretest); the second was made after that evaluation (posttest).

RESULTS
The difference between the MCL means measured on the pretest (37.7 dB) and the posttest (38.5 dB) was less than 1 dB, and it did not approach statistical significance, t(15) = 0.69, p = .50.

CONCLUSIONS
There was no evidence that UCL testing done in one ear on a bilateral speech test will have carryover effects that bias the subsequent measurement of a listener's MCL in the other ear. The results, therefore, support the potential clinical use of an integrated protocol when conducting bilateral speech audiometric evaluations.


Abstract With the aim of refining a reliable tool for groundwater management, the ERA-Interim and ERA5 global atmospheric datasets provided by the European Centre for MediumRange Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are examined. Attention is focused on the analysis of the behavior of the soil moisture content. The performance of ERA-Interim and ERA5 is evaluated by considering the water table measurements at three sites in the Umbria region as well as the dynamics of water flow towards the groundwater.


FIELD: metallurgy. SUBSTANCE: to obtain the ligature the source alloy containing 40-85% vanadium, 2-57% of iron and one or more elements selected from a number of calcium, aluminium, silicon, carbon and manganese in an amount of 1.0-21.0%, the powder is milled with a particle size of less than 1.5 mm, the powder is placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen with a purity not less than 99.0% at pressures above 0.1 MPa, an exothermic reaction of creation of vanadium nitride is initiated by local heating of the part of surface layer of the powder; the powder is saturated with nitrogen in so-called self-propagating high-temperature mode of synthesis (SHS) to obtain a composite alloy based on vanadium nitride with the density of 4.0-7.0 g/cm 3 , which consists of vanadium nitride in an amount of 44-92% and a binder alloy, which is an iron-based alloy comprising at least two elements selected from a number of calcium, aluminium, silicon, carbon, manganese and vanadium in an amount 1.0-20.0% and having a start of melting temperature less than 1500°C. EFFECT: invention enables to obtain a nitrogen-containing ligation, which at a minimum flow of electricity is used to produce nitride-vanadium alloy combining high density and strength with a high content of nitrogen and vanadium. 10 cl, 1 tbl


"Alice and Cinderella are most real" - Karl Shapiro, "Hollywood" "The two basic stories of all times," wrote F. Scott Fitzgerald, "are Cinderella and Jack the Giant Killer-the charm of women and the courage of men."1 His own fiction is clearly identified with the first. Beckoned by the charm and glitter of golden girls, his "cinder-lads" dream of shedding the rags of their drab existences and of gaining entry into the romantic world symbolized by the Prince's ball in the fairytale. After 1930, however, Fitzgerald's work reflects an increasing concern with the return to the ashes, with the period after the magic hour has struck. With varying degrees of emphases, Fitzgerald told his basic story, or parts of it, again and again. "Mostly, we authors must repeat ourselves," he admitted, "-that's the truth."2 "Crazy Sunday," which was first published in the American ?Mercury in 1932, is yet another variation of the Cinderella tale. The cast includes a beautiful actress with golden hair; a motionpicture director whose " 'magical' " touch has " 'brought that little gamin alive and made her a sort of masterpiece' "3; and a handsome young man who falls in love with the little gamin, a former bit player. In the climactic scene, a clock strikes "in trumpet notes. Nine-ten-eleven-twelve_____" (p. 187). The central focus of Fitzgerald's story, however, is not on the Cinderella character, but rather on a Hollywood script writer who, as the story opens, has just been invited to a "top-drawer" party at "Cinderella's" lavish home in Beverly Hills. Fitzgerald thought that "Crazy Sunday" was "a fine story,"4 but when he submitted it to the Saturday Evening Post, it was rejected on the grounds that "it didn't get anywhere or prove anything." The editors of the magazine, reported Fitzgerald's agent, conceded that it "was beautifully written and a very accurate picture of Hollywood"; moreover, they liked the beginning of the story very much. But they "didn't think the tragedy at the end was prepared for or essentially a part of the story."5 In recent years the critical response to "Crazy Sunday" has varied widely. Andrew Turnbull calls the story "masterly," and Arthur Mizener ranks it among Fitzgerald's "best work."6 But others treat it as a footnote to Fitzgerald's second Hollywood visit; or misread it as a confused tribute to Irving Thalberg, the young production genius at the Metro-Gold wyn-Mayer studio; or fault it for characterization and structure. Fitzgerald did make a " 'jackass' " of himself at a party given by Thalberg and his actress-wife, Norma Shearer, at their Malibu beach home in late 1931.7 But Turnbull is quite right when he declares that " 'Crazy Sunday' cuts deeper than Fitzgerald's private humiliation."8 The fact that Thalberg was the reallife model for both Miles Calman in "Crazy Sunday" and Monroe Stahr in The Last Tycoon has also blurred some critical insights. Henry Dan Piper, for instance, views Calman as "the hero" of "Crazy Sunday" and insists that the story revolves about Fitzgerald's "mixed feelings of admiration and dislike" for Thalberg. Piper, however, finds it "impossible to reconcile the charming Stella Walker of the first part of the story with the brassy nymphomaniac she has become at the end." Thus he believes that " 'Crazy Sunday' fails as a work of fiction."9 Sergio Perosa also sees the story as flawed: "Fitzgerald has not clarified his attitude toward his characters. The exact relationships between them are not properly explained, their motivations are obscure, and their merits and defects are not clearly indicated. There is also a structural disharmony between the first part of the story, which is rather humorous, and the second part."10 Actually, Perosa 's remarks, which are reminiscent of the early Post criticism, should be leveled at Joel Coles, not at F. Scott Fitzgerald. For "Crazy Sunday" is an excellent story, skillfully conceived and executed, and the "shortcomings," of which Perosa and Piper complain, stem from the limitations of the narrator. …


LBL-l 0025/' :: Prepri nt -- , ./'\ Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA I Materials & Molecular Research Division Submitted to Physical Review B HIGH RESOLUTION ANGLE-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION STUDIES OF THE M-POINT SURFACE STATE ON Cu(OOl) S. D. Kevan and D. A. Shirley December 1979 UBR!.? (~~~JI'jlr:l~:rs Sl:;~. C :': r; ,':1 ,~~ r-- I Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract W-7405-ENG-48


1. The eyes of a white-eyed mutant of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii have been examined by several techniques. The white phenotype is due to the absence of the distal and retinular screening pigments. The accessory pigments, around the basal ends of the rhabdoms, are still present. As in the wild-type, the accessory pigments are white in reflected light and brown in transmitted light. 2. Animals kept in darkness for several days have normal rhabdoms. Difference spectra for total bleaches have 2max at 531 nm, and the metarhodopsin has 2max at 515 nm. These pigments are spectrally indistinguishable from the rhodopsin and metarhodopsin of wild-type crayfish. 3. Several days exposure to normal indoor lighting causes extensive atrophy of the rhabdom and loss of visual pigment, as well as a 70-fold decrease in sensitivity. 4. Spectral sensitivity of the eye (ERG) has 2max at about 560 nm (close to the wild-type) after several days in darkness, but shifts to 546 nm as the rhabdoms atrophy. Neither curve is displaced by adaptation with blue light. Both values are red-shifted from the 2m,x of the pigment of the rhabdora, most likely by the accessory screening pigment. The shift is smaller when the screening pigment is separated from the (atrophied) rhabdom by several gm. 5. If the distal screening pigments of the wild-type are removed surgically and precautions are taken to stabilize the effects of remaining screening pigments, intracellular recordings have 2ma~ at 562 nm and show much less variation than has previously been reported. 6. The mutant, like the wild-type, has violet receptors whose contribution to the ERG is unmasked by long wavelength adaptation. Their 2ma~ is at 440 rim.


This paper describes a study of the brainway computer implementation availability. As an example of this brainway reconfigurable computer, it is proposed a digital hardware implementation of an artificial neural network, neocognitron, which represents the human neural system. This model may represent all the human brain system as the sensory information inputs, their association and actions. It is an FPGA based reconfigurable cluster-processing platform, where the whole artificial neural network is processed. It is described the architecture of each arithmetic circuit, which composes the neocognitron structure, and how they are processed. Finally, an analysis of the space occupied for each circuit is done and the processing time is measured, considering the neocognitron model applied to visual pattern recognition. In conclusion, the results showed the availability of the brainway computer: fast design hardware implementation; pipeline and parallel computations; and reconfiguration.


It has lately become commonplace to suspect that most household and family structures in history were much the same. Under the pugnacious influence of the Cambridge Group for the History of Population and Social Structure, historians have grown wary of drawing attention to apparently abnormal household structures, and perhaps weary of reiterating the predominance in northwestern European societies of the simple or nuclear family household.' Ireland, however, was not easily squeezed into the Cambridge standard model as generated for preindustrial England. Not only were Irish households before the First World War uncomfortably large, but their bulges appeared in the wrong places. Admittedly these divergences were not great; yet to students following the path of Conrad M. Arensberg and Solon T. Kimball they betokened a more fundamental divergence between the underlying structures of English and Irish families. The Harvard model of the Irish rural household, based upon years of painstaking observation in County Clare, was "stem" rather than nuclear. In other words, the transfer of household control from one generation to the next was smoothed over by giving the chosen inheritor a probationary period as a married man within the parental household. Upon assuming control, the new head did not instantly eject any surviving parents, but instead tolerated their presence as nonpaying tenants with certain reserved rights (thus inflating household size). Siblings excluded from household control were normally dispersed without delay, but in compensation they were rewarded with "fortunes," dowries, emigrant passages, apprenticeships, or training. Of course in practice the model transfer could not always take place, as in the case of the premature death of parents, of the absence, emigration, or death of suitable


Abstract The relation of situational variables and gender to leadership selection and likability ratings was examined. Six mixed-gender groups of American students were given either an impersonal or personal task. There were measurements of frequency of speaking, leadership nominations, and likability ratings by group members. No significant differences in task performance associated with gender were found, but, consistent with traditional sex roles, in impersonal groups male students spoke more and were selected as leaders and most important contributors more frequently than were female students. The reverse was found for personal groups, in which women spoke more, were chosen as leaders more often, and received higher contribution rankings. Likability ratings were not as strongly determined by context: Female students were selected more frequently as most likable in both groups.


The noise characteristics of LD-pumped Nd∶YVO 4/KTP(Ⅱ-typed)green lasers were observed in this paper. It shows the no ise has arisen from the coupling of different longitude modes in the frequency d oubler-KTP. At last, two effective methods to eliminate green noise, including inserting a Brewster plate in the resonator of a Nd∶YVO 4/KTP laser, and using type-Ⅰ phase matching BBO as the frequency doubler, were introduced, respectively.


A hydrated soft tissue structure can be viewed as a poroelastic transport model, or specifically a porous, incompressible, fibrous solid matrix, which is saturated by an incompressible fluid (water) containing both positively and negatively charged species. We present a one-dimensional finite element model (FEM), derived from a Mixed-Poro-HyperElastic-Transport-Swelling (MPHETS)model. This FEM can be used to model various soft tissues, such as arteries, and provides a powerful tool to study coupled ion transport under various mechanical loading and water/ species flow conditions.