One place the use of rubrics can be found is in the literature on taxonomies of learning. 3 The most famous is Bloom's taxonomy, cre ated half a century ago and recently revised. 4 One of the more promi nent themes in the revised work is the distinction between retention and transfer. The idea is that we would like our students not only to rerriember the content and skills taught in our courses, but also to be able to transfer this knowledge to novel situations. Thus, in having a student write an argumentative paper in a philosophy class, we are interested in assessing whether the student has retained the ideas, is sues, and arguments taught in the class, as well as whether the student can transfer this knowledge to the novel situation of creating his or her own argument. Bloom's taxonomy has two dimensions: one for types of knowledge, and one for types of cognitive processes. The different types of knowl edge represent divisions along a continuum that ranges from concrete to abstract. One of the types of cognitive processes (remembering) indicates the process used for retention of, while the other five (under standing, applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating) are increasingly relevant to the transfer of, each of the types of knowledge. One of the uses of the taxonomy that the authors stress is maintain ing an alignment between educational objectives, instructional activi ties, and assessment. Each objective, activity, and assessment can be classified in the taxonomy, and, when this is done, it is immediately obvious whether these are in agreement. Grading (or scoring) rubrics can be employed in the service of this goal, by ensuring the codifying of the educational objectives into an assessment scheme, then guiding the choice of instructional activities.


In the past five years, the idea of utilizing rail transit stations as centers of development, particularly residential development, has attracted increasing attention from city planners and transit districts throughout the United States. The logic is compelling: data on transit ridership show significantly higher than average transit ridership among commuters who can walk to stations. Further, development at rail transit stations offers an important way out of the housing dilemma common to cities throughout the country: the desire for more housing production, paradoxically accompanied by opposition to greater housing densities in existing neighborhoods. This report summarizes the development of transit-based housing and mixed-use development on the following major transit lines serving major metropolitan areas in North America: San Francisco Bay Area Rapid Transit District (BART); San Diego Light Rail (San Diego County, California); Sacramento Light Rail (Sacramento County, California); Los Angeles "Blue Line" Light Rail (Los Angeles County); Washington, D.C. Metrorail; Portland, Oregon, Light Rail; Atlanta MARTA; Miami Metrorail; Boston's MBTA; and Vancouver SkyTrain. In each of these metropolitan areas, area planners have been able to use the siting of development near rail transit stations to avoid development and sprawl elsewhere. Put another way, the development around rail transit stations has been a safety valve to release growth pressures in established neighborhoods, while providing needed housing.


An underwater metal pipeline detector is designed based on the principle of artificial source electromagnetic detection, which is used for detecting the deeply buried in underwater metal pipes. Narrowband band-pass filter in the receiver can well separate the specific frequency signal from mixed signal which is containing strong noise. Authors deduced the narrowband filter transfer function and simulated in computer, and the detector was applied in instrument prototype. Experiment results show that the error of the center frequency of the band-pass filter is small, and the gain is stable. In conclusion the detector has good performance.


My essay explores the child figure as narrator/focalizer/character and victim/perpetrator of traumatic violence and chilling abuse, as represented in Kourouma's Allah Is Not Obliged (2000) and Akpan's Say You're One of Them (2008). These narratives offer themselves for comparison not least because both rely on satire and are about African children exposed to extreme violence in several late-postcolonial African states, but also because of the problematic of representation in contemporary African fiction which they signal. The use of brutalized/brutalizing child narrators/focalizers/characters is an anxious way and limit-point in the representation of excessive degradation characteristic of most contemporary African states. It is emblematic of crises of representation in current African fiction. These narratives inscribe themselves in, but also trouble, the notion of growth whereby child narrators/focalizers were used in the conventional manner of the Bildungsroman genre in late-colonial and early-postcolonial African narratives. They express an ambivalent anxiety, an apprehension that has haunted the African writer since Camara Laye's African Child (1953) and Achebe's Things Fall Apart (1958): the satisfaction of a hegemonic Western readership, on the one hand, and, on the other, the genuine expression of the entanglements of the postcolonial present in the pre-colonial/colonial past as a way of imagining a different future for Africa. The narratives are symptomatic of writers stretched taut by the demands of local problems and the expectations of broader discourses about Africa's sad current affairs. Together with other narratives of a similar streak, the two novels mark a significant shift or at least daring experimentation by contemporary African writers seeking ways of narrativizing the continent's fractured past, fraught present, and a decidedly bleak future.


Abstract The irredundant Ramsey number s(m,n) is the smallest N such that in every red-blue colouring of the edges of KN , either the blue graph contains an m-element irredundant set or the red graph contains an n-element irredundant set. We prove an asymptotic lower bound for s(m, n).


Red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) exhibit a dissociated reproductive pattern in nature: Male snakes court and mate with females after emergence from hibernation, when the gonads are regressed and not producing gametes or sex steroid hormones. The proximate environmental cues used for timing this behavior appear to be the onset of warm ambient temperatures after prolonged exposure to cold temperatures. Pinealectomy blocks the normal onset of vernal courtship behavior in red-sided garter snakes. In the present study, snakes captured in the spring or the fall were pinealectomized in different seasons (i.e., spring or fall) prior to the onset of hibernation. Upon emergence, only 1 of 36 sham-operated animals failed to exhibit courtship behavior; 4 of 29 pinealectomized animals exhibited some courtship behavior, but none reached criterion. No animals courted 18 weeks after emergence, and plasma testosterone levels were similar in pinealectomized and sham-operated animals, indicating that pinealectomy did not simply rephase courtship behavior in these snakes. Although some animals lost mass while others gained mass over the course of the study, this variable does not account for the absence of mating behavior in pinealectomized garter snakes. These data lend additional support to the hypothesis that the pineal gland directly influences reproductive behavior in the red-sided garter snake. Many animals live in environments that change seasonally, and reproductive ~ &dquo;&dquo;... activity has evolved to occur when local environmental conditions are most benign. It also is apparent that the more pronounced the seasonal fluctuations, the greater the synchronization of reproduction with the environment. Elements of the abiotic and biotic environments are used to anticipate the seasonal fluctuations to make the necessary physiological adjustments. The annual cycles in daily photoperiod and temperature are the most commonly utilized proximate cues regulating reproduction in temperate regions, although rainfall, humidity, trace elements, and so forth have also been shown to be cues (Crews, 1979; Whittier and Crews, 1987). The mechanisms by which nonphotoperiodic environmental information is perceived, transduced, and integrated by the brain, however, are not well understood. In this exat OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on July 18, 2014 jbr.sagepub.com Downloaded from 294 periment, the role of the pineal gland in the control of seasonal reproduction in the male red-sided garter snake was investigated. Canadian red-sided garter snakes (Thamnophis sirtalis parietalis) exhibit a dissociated reproductive tactic (Crews, 1984), mating at a time when the gonads are regressed and the circulating levels of sex steroid hormones are low (Camazine et al., 1980; Krohmer et al., 1987). Courtship behavior in the adult male garter snake is not activated by testicular, adrenal, or pituitary hormones (Camazine et al., 1980; Garstka et al., 1982; Crews et al., 1984). Instead, mating behavior in the red-sided garter snake occurs in direct response to increased ambient temperature following winter dormancy (Aleksiuk and Gregory, 1974; Whittier et al., 1976b). Adult males display courtship and copulatory behavior only if returned to warm temperatures after a prolonged period in the cold (Garstka et al., 1982). Destruction of the preoptic area (POA) of the anterior hypothalamus prevents courtship behavior following emergence (Friedman and Crews, 1985; Krohmer and Crews, 1987a), whereas lesions in the nucleus sphericus, the reptilian homologue of the mammalian amygdala, facilitates courtship behavior (Krohmer and Crews, 1987b). The POA also is involved in mediating thermoregulatory behavior in this (Krohmer and Crews, 1987a) and many other vertebrate species (Satinoff, 1982, 1983). In many mammals and birds, reproduction is determined by the environmental photoperiod (Reiter, 1980). When this is the case, the pineal gland transduces information about daylength into a neuroendocrine-reproductive response. The majority of pineal studies demonstrate that pinealectomy blocks reproductive responsiveness to ambient photoperiods; pinealectomy in laboratory mammals results in individuals unable to differentiate between long and short photoperiods (Goldman, 1983; Bittman, 1984). For example, the reproductive system regresses in pinealectomized Turkish and European hamsters; however, pinealectomy prevents regression in Syrian hamsters (Goldman and Elliott, 1988). In the green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis, pinealectomy leads to activation of the gonads (Underwood, 1985a). Because mating behavior and gonadal activity are dissociated in the red-sided garter snake, and because these animals appear to time their seasonal breeding activities by temperature cues rather than by photoperiod, the garter snake provides a model system with which to explore the hypothesis that the pineal also mediates nonphotoperiodic seasonal information. A previous study (Nelson et al., 1987) indicated that male red-sided garter snakes pinealectomized prior to hibernation will not court upon emergence. The present study examines the effects of pinealectomy at different seasons (i.e., spring or fall) on subsequent courtship behavior and testicular recrudescence (TR). Three outcomes were possible: (1) Pinealectomized males could fail to court on emergence from hibernation and fail to undergo TR. This would suggest that pinealectomy does not lead to activation of the gonads, and, more importantly, that the mechanisms underlying courtship behavior and TR are linked in the red-sided garter snake. (2) Pinealectomized animals may fail to court, but undergo TR. These results would suggest that the mechanisms underlying courtship behavior and reproduction are independent and not functionally associated. (3) The time of year that the pineal is removed is important, indicating an underlying circannual rhythm in sensitivity. at OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY on July 18, 2014 jbr.sagepub.com Downloaded from 295 MATERIALS AND METHODS


1. If classical partial decussation exactly segregates the projections of right and left hemi‐retinae on to the two optic tracts, the images of an object in central vision, nearer or further than the fixation point, should project to separate hemispheres. This would prevent the encoding of retinal disparity by binocularly driven neurones of the visual cortex.


In view of the significant demands and development trends of urbanization during the 12 th Five-Year Plan period, "smart city" has attracted wide attention as an advanced city development concept in China. Under the circumstance of rapid urbanization, traffic congestion and accessibility defi ciency become major challenges to many Chinese cities, as transportation and travel are closely related to the effi ciency of a city's operation and the quality of people's life. As essential part of smart city planning and management, smart travel offers an effective behavior planning countermeasure to reduce the amount of urban traffi c and optimize the space-time distribution of travels and provides an effective technology to enrich the theories and methodologies of urban and transportation planning. Orienting at the practical demand of citizens and focusing on their travel behavior, this paper carries out a discussion on the smart travel framework based on space-time behavior study and analyzes smart travel planning and its policy route from multiple perspectives, including a prediction on travel demand, transportation planning, public policy-making, and urban planning. What's more, the paper suggests travel services for citizens based on space-time behavior analysis, such as providing personalized information, smart decision-making support, and individual behavior planning.


At present,the people's political consultative conference has become an effective channel or platform with which the new class realizes political participation in the existing political system.But due to the presence of a series of binding conditions,the function orientation of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference endowed with the constitution and related laws is not consistent with its actual effect,the relevant system constructions are not perfect,the political resources are relatively scarce and so on.All these factors would stimulate contradiction between the class interests of new social strata and their own existing questions.As a result,the new social group at the present stage of the political participation through the people's political consultative conference is far from the ideal state,therefore we need to make efforts in defining its function,strengthening themselves,and dissolving the class interests conflicts.


Abstract The performance of free-standing parallel-aligned nanowire arrays and interconnected networks of single-crystalline cuprous oxide (Cu2O) coated with titanium oxide (TiO2) as photocathodes for solar energy harvesting was analyzed. The nanostructures were synthesized by electrodeposition in polymer membranes prepared by ion-track technology. To enhance the photoelectrochemical stability of the nanowires in aqueous solution, they were conformally coated with a 10 nm thick TiO2 layer by atomic layer deposition. The diameter, size, geometry and number density of the parallel nanowires were systematically varied. The generated photocurrents show a clear increase as a function of wire diameter and wire number. In turn, the photocurrent does not get larger with increasing wire length. Highly interconnected networks of nanowires under 45° from various directions enabled further increase of wire density number and exhibited higher photocurrent densities compared to parallel arrays.


The authors report on a retrospective consecutive multicentric series of 60 cases with histologic evidence of lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), followed for an average of 5.3 years. In the course of the follow-up, ipsilateral LCIS or infiltrating carcinoma occurred in 3 or 5 cases, respectively. Two LCIS reoccurrences and all ipsilateral infiltrating carcinomas were observed in 37 patients treated by limited surgery. Contralateral synchronous or metachronous carcinoma was observed in 3 or 2 cases, respectively (intraductal = 3, infiltrating = 2). Three patients died of breast cancer (2 with Ipsilateral, 1 with ipsilateral and contralateral infiltrating carcinoma). The study confirms the higher risk of ipsilateral and contralateral cancer in LCIS patients and warns about the possible hazards of limited surgery in these cases.


In the operation of social security system of China,many phenomena showed that great importance should be attached to the problem of the lack of the preference indication system.Under existing social security systems,It is completely possible for the government to carry on the artificial suppression(or pressing) to the preference of economic subjects.This kind of suppression can cause the obstacle of the preference of economic subjects.Social security public selective system includes the primary political market,the policy-supply market and the policy-implementing market.Social security public selective system means in the national social security system,the summation of regulations and procedures,which deal with the authority and responsibility structure of distribution of the generalized public choice subjects(includes inhabitants,enterprises,agent-organization,government,etc),and the advance of the policy(voting rules),deliberation,constitution,execution,surveillance and evaluation of the social security systems.Advancing the construction of the public hearing institution of China Social Security,making it normalized and regularized,and making it an efficient path which links the preference message of government,inhabitants and enterprises,links the preference message of international government,departments and Local government,will greatly promote the construction of the System of China Social Security Public Choice,and improve the efficiency of the System of China Social Security Public Choice.


The financial crises of recent years have revealed the sensitivity and vulnerability of nominal interest rates to inflation, which reduces the value of money and affects the returns of financial instruments. The lack of resources to mitigate the impact of inflation has been a limiting factor that has had a marked effect on economies and on the development of mortgage markets in Latin America's unstable economies. This study demonstrates an alternative financial method that compensates losses caused by inflation in nominal fixed-rate mortgages and ensures returns in real terms for banks and investors, while offering families the possibility that their payments may represent an increasingly smaller percentage of their income, even in high-inflation scenarios such as those seen in Latin America during the 1980s and 1990s. The new methodology herein proposed maintains in each period the parity of Fisher's Law with inflation. That is, the real interest rate is kept fixed throughout the life of the mortgage and in any economic conditions that may arise.


Three-dimensional incoherently illuminated scenes can be captured electronically by measuring the intensity distribution in a volume behind the lens. The 3-D image is reconstructed by an inversion algorithm employing the measured, space-variant, 3-D point spread function of the lens. A computer simulation using a measured PSF illustrates the effectiveness of the technique.


This paper generalizes some aspects of J. A. Green's work on the cuspidal representations of general linear groups over finite fields to general linear groups over finite quotients of discrete valuation rings.


College Contacts work with the departmental liaisons to develop library collections that support the department's research and curriculum. They may also facilitate library instruction and provide guidance to library services.


The professional software Fluent is used to simulate the flow field of stirred tank in which waste glass/aluminum metal composites is prepared in mechanical stirring technology.Computational fluid dynamics model based on the mixture multi-fluid approach has been employed along with the standard k-e turbulence model.A multiple reference frame(MRF)approach is used to model the impeller rotation.Simulation of the flow field generated by combination of axial stirring paddles.Combine the characteristics of mixing process to analyze the results of simulation.By analyzing the macroscopic view of flow distribution,axial velocity and radial velocity,the mixed effect of various regions in qualitative are pointed out and compared with other type of stirring paddles.


We describe a simple method for design and construction of dedicated receiver coils for use in magnetic resonance imaging. We have been successful in constructing dedicated coils for multiple regions of the body using this method.


As the twentieth century dawned, social and political reformers increasingly identified the growing black population in Philadelphia as an important underpinning of the city's corrupt Republican political machine. This article explores the ways in which Philadelphia's urban political corruption narrative, with its pointed attacks on black partisanship and electoral participation, developed in dialogue with white southerners' campaigns to frame Reconstruction as a perversion of democracy. Rather than simply solidifying Jim Crow in the South, northern reformers and southern moderates borrowed from each other to shape and articulate an emerging national consensus that African Americans were unfit for full participation in the body politic.


The invention relates to a transmission line overhauling operation tool, in particular to a ground wire holding integral device, and solves the technical problems of waste of time and labor and low efficiency during current collection of ground wires. The ground wire holding integral device comprises a box; the centers of two opposite side walls on the box are provided with holes; a bearing is fixed in each hole respectively; a hollow revolving shaft is horizontally supported between the two bearings; one end of the hollow revolving shaft is connected with a crank handle positioned on the outer side of the box, and the other end of the hollow revolving shaft is provided with an opening; the surface of the hollow revolving shaft is provided with a side opening communicated with an inner cavity in a position close to an open end; one non-bearing mounting side wall of the box is provided with a wire outlet hole in a position higher than the bearings; the bottom of the box is provided with universal wheels. The ground wire holding integral device is easy and convenient to operate. By adopting the ground wire holding integral device, the capital and space are saved, the working efficiency can be increased greatly, time and labor are saved, and the requirement of large-scale production can be met.


India is one of the world's large and fastest-growing economies. With the expanding development, the usage of plastic for anthropogenic activities has expanded many folds and India alone generated around 3.3 million metric tonnes of plastic in the financial year 2019. 79 percent of the plastic generated worldwide enters our land, water, and environment as waste; part of it also enters our bodies through the food chain. The industry in India states that 60 percent of what is generated is recycled and we had assumed that we had solved the problem of plastic waste by recycling, or burying it in landfills. But we were incorrect. Plastic garbage is omnipresent today. It is filling up our oceans and harming marine life and affecting all organisms in the food chain. With the development of economic growth of the country per capita consumption of plastic will only increase in the coming years and we will end up generating more plastic waste The review paper aimed to examine the major impact of plastic waste in India and how to reduce plastic consumption, considering measures such as phasing out or banning multilayered plastics that cannot be recycled, contemplating renewable raw materials, promoting the use of bioplastics, incentivizing the recycling business, and making the rules and guidelines for Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) simple and enforceable.


In "Control over Wireless," which means solving a control problem in a wireless communication system, the problem is often explicitly written as an optimization problem with mathematical expressions at a controller, so the components of the system such as intermediate wireless nodes can get to understand and simulate the algorithm for solving the problem and finally the central intelligence can be distributed over the system. Understanding not only its physical environment but also its semantic environment is involved in the process of the intelligence distribution, so we can call it "Beyond-Cognitive Radio." This paper starts with the overview of the historical relationship between communication theory and control theory, and shows the recent technical developments in wireless communications with the limit that they have never gone beyond. Then, it introduces a recent hot topic in control theory and systems named "networked control systems" and suggests the possibility of the Beyond-Cognitive Radio as an approach for the challenging issues from the view-point of wireless communications in the research field.


N-Heterocyclic Carbenes of Indazole A reas Schmidt,*a Bohdan Snovydovych,a Mimoza Gjikajb a Institute of Organic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Leibnizstraße 6, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany Fax +49(5323)723861; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com b Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Clausthal University of Technology, Paul-Ernst-Straße 4, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany Received 22 April 2008


Green tea is one kind of seasonal-produced but annual-consumed drink.Usually,green tea is stored for a long period containing a season of hot and wet,which leads to the quality deterioration.The quality characteristics,the storage strategy and the quality of green tea change during the storage were reviewed.


The question of whether there are sex differences in how adults think about and respond to depression was the focus of this research. A cominunity adult sample of 79 men and 86 women completed a 145 item questionnaire in which they rated the extent of agreement with statements defining the following variables; negative beliefs about the meaning of depression, depression indicates a lack of emotional control, negative beliefs about the characteristics of depressed people, beliefs justifying depression non-disclosure, pos itive beliefs about depression, symptoms commonly associated with depression, camouflage of depression, and avoidance/ denial of depression. Included in the questionnaire was the 20 item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) which is a measure of current level of depressive symtomotology. As hypothesized, men were found to agree significantly more than women with all variables except typical symptoms of depression for which no sex differences had been predicted. Contrary to prediction, there was no difference in male and female ratings of positive beliefs about depression. With one exception (symptoms of depres sion), there was no correlation in the total sample between CES-D scores and any of the variables. As expected, however,


The species composition, distribution, and abundance of the planktonic medusae collected during a plankton survey in Banco Chinchorro, an oceanic reef atoll of the western Caribbean were studied. Samples included the forereef (oceanic) zone and the reef lagoon. Highest mean medusan abundance was observed over the forereef zone and in nighttime samples, lowest abundances occurred in the reef lagoon. A total of 16 species was identified, Aglaura hemistoma, Liriope tetraphylla, and Solmundella bitentaculata being the most abundant. Together, they comprised up to 80% of the total numerical abundance of medusae in the sampled area. They belong to a group of medusae dominant in the oceanic and reef-related areas of the western Caribbean Sea and in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Cluster analysis revealed forereef and reef lagoon assemblages, the latter with lowest density, diversity, and species richness. The reef lagoon showed a weak oceanic influence along and across the Banco Chinchorro reef-atoll system. Dominance of oceanic forms within the reef lagoon was attributed to the effect of the across-reef tidal currents. The community structure of the reef-related medusan fauna appeared to be quite uniform despite the expected migratory behavior of these zooplankters, tidal exchange across the reef, input of oceanic species, and time of day. New surveys including the polyp hydroid together with the medusae are needed in Banco Chinchorro.


The objective of this research was to determine the skills business leaders find most critical in MBA programs to adequately prepare leaders and professionals for organizational success. A second goal was to explore the relationship between the perceptions of business and industry leaders and business school leaders on the rankings of skills deemed most important to prepare students for success in their business careers. The conceptual framework for this study was based on Tanyel's et al., 1999 study. A survey instrument was administered to 67 respondents from prospective employers of MBA graduates and 15 respondents among business school deans and directors located in the state of Michigan. The two samples consisted of a matched pair design and rank order means for skill rating by the prospective employers and the matched mean rating from the deans/ directors. The major findings found significant differences in the mean rating of the importance of soft skills vs. hard skills among the prospective employers of MBA graduates. Additionally that there is a significant difference in the mean rating of the importance of soft skills vs. hard skills for MBA graduates among the deans and directors at business schools with MBAs. This research offers business school leaders empirical evidence for curriculum redesign for prioritizing skills and designing coursework to incorporate top ranked skills viewed as most important by business and industry leaders.


This article deals with the integration of geophysical techniques during the process of regional traversing as well as with the effectiveness of application of gravity and magnetic investigations for the detection of deep subvertical heterogeneity. The authors describe the effectiveness of gravy- and magnetic exploration alongside with areal seismic works in the process of the search of oil-and-gas promising objects in salt-dome reservoirs when it is necessary to examine the structure of subsalt horizons. The authors tell that there is a need of reasonable integration of geophysical and geochemical techniques in the process of direct forecasting the locations of oil-and-gas deposits. In addition, the model for sequential interpretation of findings is described in the article


Poly method of precipitation (arylene ether), poly (arylene ether) and poly (arylene ether) containing solvent solution is prepared, poly (arylene ether) solution was mixed with anti-solvent poly (arylene ether) solid the poly (arylene ether) containing to form a dispersion, poly (arylene ether) to separate the poly (arylene ether) solid from the dispersion isolated poly (arylene ether) to form a solid, poly (arylene ether) to measure the poly (arylene ether) particle size distribution of solids prior to separating the poly (arylene ether) solid from the dispersion comprises the step of adjusting the precipitation conditions in accordance with the particle size distribution. Measured particle size distribution, eventually significantly different from the particle size distribution of the isolated by solid poly (arylene ether), but is useful for control of the process. The method to automate can quickly adjust the precipitation conditions according to the particle size distribution measurements. Apparatus is also disclosed for implementing the method.


Stability aspects of the Sofnocarb A21 catalyst (5% CuO on activated carbon) have been studied for catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol. The study focused on copper leaching, the main factor affecting the catalyst stability. It was found that no copper leaching took place in the experiments using fresh catalyst, when the initial phenol concentration was lower than 1.5 kg/m3. Nevertheless, copper leaching and fouling were observed through consecutive experiments reusing the catalyst, leading to deactivation of catalyst and therefore a lower phenol oxidation rate. The main reaction intermediates, namely acetic acid and p-benzoquinone, together with polymeric products are highlighted to be responsible for copper leaching and fouling. Nonetheless, the leaching of active substance measured for Sofnocarb A21 was much lower than those found for other catalysts (G-66 A, Sud Chemie, Germany) also used for catalytic decomposition of phenol. Basic conditions were demonstrated to be useful to prevent both copper lea...


To improve the batting hit rate of six-degree-of-freedom ping-pang robot arm, a model of robot arm is constructed with mixed programming of OpenGL and C++ in the frame of Windows. Decomposing acceleration control algorithm and function interpolation algorithm are used for trajectory planning and controlling the end of the mechanical arm. The end of the arm moving along a straight line trajectory and a parabolic trajectory is implemented in the model. Simulation results show that decomposing acceleration control algorithm can improve the hit rate of robot arm batting.


Grid-following converters may experience loss of synchronization, especially when power system becomes weak or grid fault occurs. So far, it has been found that this phenomenon is associated with Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) dynamics and several methods to analyze such issues have been proposed. However, it seems that the impact of electromagnetic transient process caused by converter current variation or grid voltage drop is not well investigated in these methods. In this article, a systematic method considering such electromagnetic transients for PLL stability assessment is presented. According to the proposed approach, the PLL performance involving the electromagnetic transient process is derived by using differential equations in time domain. Moreover, based on the nonlinear system theory, a scheme for PLL stability evaluation is designed. The effect of the electromagnetic transients on the stability of PLL system is also discussed. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated through simulation.


Is it possible to distinguish algebraic from transcendental real numbers by considering the $b$-ary expansion in some base $b\ge2$? In 1950, E. Borel suggested that the answer is no and that for any real irrational algebraic number $x$ and for any base $g\ge2$, the $g$-ary expansion of $x$ should satisfy some of the laws that are shared by almost all numbers. For instance, the frequency where a given finite sequence of digits occurs should depend only on the base and on the length of the sequence. We are very far from such a goal: there is no explicitly known example of a triple $(g,a,x)$, where $g\ge3$ is an integer, $a$ a digit in $\{0,\ldots,g-1\}$ and $x$ a real irrational algebraic number, for which one can claim that the digit $a$ occurs infinitely often in the $g$-ary expansion of~$x$. Hence there is a huge gap between the established theory and the expected state of the art. However, some progress has been made recently, thanks mainly to clever use of Schmidt's subspace theorem. We review some of these results.


A method and an apparatus for compensating image distortion of a display device are provided to improve image quality of an LCD(Liquid Crystal Display) device by suppressing non-uniformity of brightness of a displayed image. An apparatus for compensating image distortion of a display device includes an image extracting unit(104), an image comparator(106), and an image compensator(108). The image extracting unit extracts an output image from a display device unit. The image comparator calculates an image characteristic difference between the output image and an input image and generates compensation information, which is used for compensating the image characteristic difference. The image compensator compensates the distortion of the output image by correcting an original image by using the compensation information. The image comparator calculates the difference between brightness levels of the original and output images and outputs the calculated result.


The superconducting properties of Ag1−xMo6S8 [x=0.08(1)] Chevrel phase [Tc=7.9(5) K] are studied on a sample compacted by spark plasma sintering. Both lower (Bc1=12(1) mT) and the upper [Bc2(0)≈7.4(9) T] critical magnetic fields are obtained from magnetization and electrical resistivity measurements for the first time. The analysis of the low-temperature electronic specific heat indicates Ag1−xMo6S8 to be a two band superconductor with the energy gaps Δ1=1.6 meV (95%) and Δ2=0.7 meV (5%). Theoretical DFT calculations reveal a much stronger electron–phonon coupling in the studied Chevrel phase compared to earlier reports. Similar to MgB2, the Fermi surface of studied Chevrel phase is formed by two hole-like and one electron-like bands.


In the source areas of some large shallow earthquakes, we have found many dislodged boulders struck by severe ground shaking. Some boulders were located at quite distances from the former sockets, which remained undisturbed with surrounding clear edges. This fact indicates the possibility that vertically upward seismic acceleration exceeded the earth's gravity (1g). This phenomenon of upthrown boulders is investigated herein by examining the effects of waves, which emanate deep in the ground due to an earthquake, propagate through the ground and boulder, and reflect back to the ground, involving a variety of their interaction. An elastic dynamic analysis is carried out on the basis of a one-dimensional continuum model consisting of the ground and boulder. It is subjected to the input of the Ricker wave, which is intended to simulate an earthquake-generated wave, emanating from the bottom of the model ground. The upthrow of a boulder is taken to occur when the dynamic response at the bottom of the boulder satisfies certain conditions. It turns out that the possibility of upthrow occurrence is high when the period of the Ricker wave coincides with the fundamental period of the ground vibration. It leads to the conclusion that the upthrow takes place due to resonance in the response of the system of the ground and boulder to the external wave input. The upthrow possibility increases as the input acceleration increases. Trial is made of predicting the maximum acceleration and velocity of an earthquake, based on this consideration of the up throw phenomenon.


HINODE's X‐ray Telescope (XRT) offers a unique combination of high spatial (≈2″) and thermal resolution, full‐Sun observations of the solar corona over a wide range of temperatures (5.8∼<log T∼<7.6). We use multi‐filter Hinode/XRT data to explore the thermal, statistical and spatial properties of X‐ray bright points (XBPs). We have developed an automated XBP finder to study BPs over two periods during November 2007 and May 2008. We detect somewhat fewer XBPs than SOHO EIT in 195 A but find comparable values to the 284 A band. This is likely due in some part to the somewhat stricter requirements on XBP shape and enhancement above local background that we have adopted. We find that most XBPs appear to be relatively cool on average (log T≈6.1), only slightly hotter than the average quiet Sun. There is a trend for larger XBPs to be hotter, with a sub‐class of XBPs which are hotter still at all sizes. We further investigate the spatial distribution of XBPs, in particular exploring whether the "overhot" XBPs ha...


This paper presents a 5-DOF spacecraft simulator and its space position measurement method. Measuring directly each joint parameter, the 5-DOF space position can be obtained. The measurable information of joint parameters can be applied in the moving control system easily.


We have previously shown that CX3CR1+ renal DC sample antigen via intravascular processes in the context of systemic infection and immune complex disease. Here, we investigated the role of intravascular DC processes in antigen presentation and effector T cell migration to the kidney.
 To investigate T cell migration, CFP-OVA E. coli and CD8+ DsRed+ OT-I effector T cells, pretreated with Pertussis toxin (PTX), were i.v. injected into CX3CR1gfp/+ mice 24h before 2P intravital microscopy (2PIM) of the kidney was performed.
 OT-I T cells migrated into the kidney, with 2PIM showing prolonged (30 min) DC-T cell interactions. OT-I migration was significantly higher (2-fold) when OVA was present (CFP-OVA E. coli vs WT E.coli), demonstrating that migration of effector T cells was antigen-specific. To test if antigen presentation by DC was necessary to mediate migration of T cells, we used CD11c-YFP Kb−/− bone marrow chimeric recipients (hematopoietic cells lack H-2k(b), parenchymal cells express H-2k(b)). CFP-OVA E. coli injection into a CD11c YFP Kb−/− bone marrow chimeric mouse abrogated effector OT-I T cell migration into the renal tissue.
 Our data demonstrate that migration of effector T cells in the setting of systemic infection is antigen-specific. In addition, antigen presentation by hematopoietic cells, most likely DC, is necessary to mediate antigen-specific effector T cell migration. H-2k(b) expression on parenchymal and endothelial cells does not mediate antigen-specific effector T cell migration. Our findings show that renal DC have two roles: immune surveillance by sampling and presenting antigen via intravascular processes, and guiding effector T cells to the site of antigen.


Abstract In order to establish critical potassium (K) concentration levels and K/calcium (Ca) plus magnesium (Mg) [K/Ca+Mg] ratios in potato petioles associated to maximum total tuber yields, an experiment was conducted under Brazilian conditions. Six K levels (0, 60, 120, 240, 480, and 960 kg K2O/ha as potassium sulphate) were applied in a randomized complete block design experiment with four replications. Baraka potato tubers were seeded, spaced 0.8 x 0.3 m, following the agronomic cultural practices recommended for the crop. After 48 days from plant emergence, plant tissue samples was collected from each plant, the youngest fully expanded leaves (YFEL) and the oldest but not senescent leaves (ONSL). Petioles from these leaves were analysed to their K, Ca, and Mg contents. At harvest, total, high grade, and weight tuber yields were increased to 733, 719, and 660 g/plant for the 353, 335, and 384 kg K2O/ha levels, respectively. These yields are double the Brazilian potato yield average. Petiole Ca and Mg...


The Development of Thematic Learning Video Media on Theme Clean Air for Health In Primary School. The purpose of this study were: Developing thematic learning media theme of clean air air for health in primary school that deserved to be applied as learning media as learning resource, and knowing the effectiveness of thematic learning media video theme of clean air for health in primary school as learning media as a learning resource. This research was R&D (Research and Develepoment) by implementing the procedure of Borg and Gall. The research stages are: validation of material experts, media experts, learning design experts, and product trials. The product trial had three stages: individual trials which involve 3 students, small group trial which in 9 students, and operational trial which involved 30 people. The result of this research showed that learning video media was worhty to use as learning media after being validated by material expert, media expert, learning design expert, and product trials. The average score of the material expert was 4, it meant "good". The average score of the media expert iwas 3,33, it meant "good". The average score of the learning design was 3,1, it meant "good". The score of individual trial was 2,68, it meant "good". The score of small group trial was 3,1, it meant "good". The final product of this learning video media is proved with the effectiveness exam. The study takes place in SD (primary school) 101732 Kampung Lalang in grade 5. The samples are 50 students consisting of 25 students as a class are treated using thematic learning video and 25 students as the class that use the learning as usual. The result prove that there is a significant difference between the learning outcomes of students that learned using video media.


Despite the economic crisis airline traffic for budget airlines grew by at least 10% in the beginning of 2009 (Ryanair, 2009; Easyjet, 2009). The growth in aviation can be attributed to the shift from full service carriers to budget airlines and as the industry if set to continue to grow this has important implications for climate change. Most literature focuses on modes of transport independent of each other. Realistically total journeys consist of a combination of transport modes as a consequence of time, cost and accessibility and policy making should involve a holistic ap- proach in order to tackle climate change. This research involves a scenario analysis which involves calculating door-to-door emissions using a combination of different modes of transport between several origins within the UK to a destination in Europe. This provides a comparable analysis be- tween budget airlines and full-service airlines; between hub airports and regional airports and be- tween alternative modes of transport. Results show that trains are the best alternative in the context of door-to-door emissions however, results also show the necessity of an efficient infrastructure to and from regional airports to mitigate emissions. This paper concludes with a set of policy recom- mendations using a holistic approach.


Abstract Sand is one of the main materials used in the construction industry. Elevated concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides in sand may cause great harm to dwellers. Present study determines concentrations of terrestrial radionuclides in sand that is widely used as a raw material in the construction industry in Bangladesh, via conventional HPGe γ-ray spectrometry. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the analysed samples were found as 36.8 ± 3.9, 58.9 ± 6.0 and 755 ± 91 Bqkg−1 in Base sand, 68.1 ± 5.3, 185.7 ± 9.9 and 1032 ± 104 Bqkg−1 in Sylhet sand, and 38.1 ± 3.6, 74.7 ± 5.9 and 636 ± 77 Bqkg−1 in Aster sand. All data show relatively higher values than the world average of 35, 30, 400 Bqkg−1, respectively. Key hazard parameters were estimated to realize the radiation effects on human health due to the use of sand as construction and building materials. The estimated parameters for Sylhet sand show relatively higher values than the population-weighted world average values, prescribed by regulatory bodies. Results show that the Sylhet sand may pose a significant radiation hazard to the dwellers via prolonged exposure, and necessary precautionary steps need to be taken to ensure safe dwellings while using this sand for construction and decorative purposes.


The utility model discloses a steel-ball one-way nut compressing positioning pin, which belongs to airplane assembly tooling technology. The positioning pin comprises a steel ball, a limiting block, an ejecting rod, a knurled nut, a spring, a pin body and a pressing handle. The limiting block is installed at one end of the ejecting rod through threads, and the pressing handle is installed at the other end of the ejecting rod through threads; and the spring is sleeved on the ejecting rod. An inner hole of the pin body is a step hole; the spring acts in the step hole; the knurled nut is installed on the pin body through threads; a mounting hole of the steel ball is arranged at a positioning end of the pin body; and the outer side of the mounting hole is closed. In the utility model, the steel ball is adopted to position at the positioning end to lead the positioning pin to realize one-way positioning parts; parts compressing can be realized without needing rotating threads in long distance; the steel-ball one-way nut compressing positioning pin can be used in a closed structure, or can realize single operation for parts positioning in large-area tooling; the nut is compressed, the positioning is reliable, and the working efficiency is greatly increased.


The optical layout and performance characteristics of a device for measuring the four Stokes parameters are reported, and the principle of its operation is described. The device is designed for use in the NES echelle spectrograph mounted in the Nasmyth-2 focus of the 6-meter telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Tests of the device operating on the telescope showed the gain in limiting flux to be a factor of 2.7 and 6 in the red (5000 7000 AA) and blue (3500 4700 AA) parts of the spectrum, respectively, compared to an analyzer based on Fresnel rhombi.


law does not deal with the status of foreigners, the regulation of international relations (economic in the first place), international civil procedure or uniform law. Sosniak challenges the theoretical foundation of the Przybylowski "school" of private international law, which follows a more traditional approach to the systematic order of private international law. In a sense, Sosniak's article reminds us of the Soviet theoretical discussions occasioned by the enactment of the Federal Law on the Principles of Civil Legislation in 1961; then, partisans of the unity of civil law and of the broader concept of private international law carried the day.


Transient and spectral photovoltage (PV) is investigated in nanocrystalline porous ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2},$ which belongs to a class of materials with a very low electrical conductivity, i.e., with a huge Maxwell relaxation time. The PV in such materials is caused by diffusion of excess charge carriers with different diffusion coefficients. Usually, the diffusion coefficient for electrons is larger than that for holes in porous ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}.$ The PV transients are strongly retarded in time with respect to the exciting light pulse. The retardation of the photovoltage transients becomes stronger with decreasing size of the interconnected ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ nanoparticles and generation of defect states. The band gap of porous ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ (rutile, anatase) and the preferential formation of electron traps below the band gap are analyzed.


Castile and Leon is the main producing region of ovine milk in Spain, with more than 60% of national milk production and more than 40% of sheep census. Current systems of dairy sheep production in this area are characterized by an important increase in milk yield (55%) in the last decade and a lower number of farms. These changes result from enlarged flock size, use of specialized breeds, intensification, and a high individual production (over 300 L/ewe on average), which rely on feeding systems including no grazing and low forage: concentrate ratios. Under this situation, the nutritional value of the milk fat, in terms of impact on consumers' health, can be detrimentally affected. It is known that moving away from pasture-based diets increases undesirable saturated and decreases potentially health-promoting (e.g., 18:3n-3, CLA, or trans-11 18:1) fatty acid (FA) levels. On the other hand, it provides an incomparable scenario to develop nutritional strategies to enhance milk quality. Dairy ewe diet supplementation with vegetable or marine lipids enables modulation of milk FA composition towards a healthier profile. However, the latter strategy causes milk fat depression, which prevents its application under practical farm conditions. Other compounds, such as tannins, may also modulate milk FA composition. From a research point of view, it is expected that new disciplines (e.g., nutrigenomics), may provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying the nutritional regulation of mammary lipogenesis and enable to modify, naturally and effectively, ovine milk fat without impairing animal performance.


In E. U. and U.K. the SEDBUK label is the boiler equivalent of the energy label found on domestic appliances such as washing machines, fridges and dishwashers. SEDBUK stands for Seasonal Efficiency of a Domestic Boiler, and has lettered ratings from A to G. It's calculated from the results of standard laboratory tests together with other important factors such as boiler type and the kind of fuel used. The processes occurring in an apartment heating can be very different in comparison with a standard laboratory test and the SEDBUK of a boiler can be very far from actual seasonal efficiencies of the same boiler in different heating plants The cyclical efficiency of traditional and condensing boilers can be mathematically defined by its experimental efficiency at full load, for a given return water temperature and by its experimental stand-by losses, considering not only the boiler but its actual regulation system too. To simulate a boiler in a domestic heating plant and to calculate its seasonal efficiency a sinusoidal variation of loads during the season, from zero to a maximum value, can be assumed.


The angular distribution of neutrons scattered from CoO just above the Neel temperature is observed and analyzed in the elastic approximation. It gives the correlation function for the direction of spins within each magnetic sublattice. The peaks observed are molecular field theory . (auth)


Sustainability of urban areas as reflected by the urban formThe concept of urban development has become increasingly significant as a target for creating a better future for the world - both economically, socially and environmentally (Munier 2011, Zhou et al. 2015). Within this situation, sustainable urban development plays an important role in achieving global sustainability targets. Thus, to "make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable" is the specific urban goal proposed in 2014 by the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development Goals for United Nations ' Millennium Development Goals.At the European Union level, the idea of moving from urban sprawl to a 'compact city' has been proposed as one way to achieve improved urban sustainability (European Commission 1990, 2014). The concept became central in the sustainable development debate and it consequently translated into policy and practice (Burton 2002). Strategies on revitalisation and regeneration of inner-urban areas, built-up densification or reuse of brownfields were used in land use planning policy in many countries to stimulate compactness.Scientific research brought evidence in support of compact development (Jabareen 2006, Jenks and Burgess 2000). The claimed advantages of a compact city are well documented and they consist of increased efficiency of transport infrastructure (Gusdorf and Hallegatte 2007), lower costs for maintenance and higher performance of public utilities (Farmani and Butler 2014), much smaller areas of land used to extend the built-up environment and less landscape fragmentation (Chen et al. 2008), the ability to encourage social interaction due to high-density of built-up areas (Elkin et al. 1991), and less need to travel by car, thus reduced noise and fuel emissions.However, the downsides of compactness should be acknowledged, especially by planners and practitioners (Burton 2002). A higher density of built-up areas is sometimes achieved through the conversion of open and green areas. Moreover, as cities become denser, they lose the ability to mitigate the urban heat island process (Cheval and Dumitrescu 2009). Such issues should be recognized and documented, as they are important in how planning decisions are taken.Most former socialist cities are regarded as having a high degree of compactness (Hirt 2013, Sýkora and Ourednek 2007). The socialist urban planning system maintained the urban compactness through the almost exclusive predominance of the public sector in housing provision, the inhabitants' reliance on public transport that prevailed during that time and the ideological nature of planning strategies that promoted dense urbanization to foster collective identity (Halleux et al. 2012). Moreover, the patterns of urban expansion were governed by master plans devised and approved in a top-down approach.In Romania, after the 1990's, decision-making and administrative decentralization allowed the county and local authorities to adopt particular urban development strategies (Stanilov 2007). Through projects of urban renewal, infill development or urban expansion, the authorities tried to meet the new expectations of the local communities. These projects were, however, directly influenced by the importance of the urban administrative centre and the authorities ' ability to attract private investments and to support the public ones.Scoffham and Marat-Mendes (2013) highlighted that the sustainability of an urban area lies mostly in its ability to adapt to society's needs. Local authorities should identify the means to maintain a balance between the pressures imposed by the demographic, social and technological changes (Chen et al. 2008), and to achieve the rational use of the resources necessary to support the development of built-up areas (Echenique et al. 2012).Sustainable urban development can also be achieved through a balanced spatial structure promoted by well-coordinated spatial development policies (European Commission 1999). …


A 44-year-old woman was admitted to the Gynaecological Oncology and Radiotherapy unit of the Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town for persistent dysuria and a vaginal tumour. At the age of 16 the diagnosis of PeutzJeghers syndrome (PJS) had been made after she had presented with rectal bleeding and was found to have melanin pigmentation around the mouth and on her fingers. At the time she underwent surgery twice to relicvc intestinal obstruction due to duodenal intussusception. Two ycars later she had a bowel resection at which time duodenal hamartomatous polyps were found confirming the diagnosis of PJS. At the agc of 19 several anal polyps were removed. At the age of 40 she underwent a total abdominal. hysterectomy with bilateral salpingooophorectomy for menorrhagia. Histological examination of the cervix was thought to show adenosis. Three years later she presented to her gynaecologist with persistent dysuria, when the


An apparatus for extracting potable water from ambient air, comprising a water collection system, the moisture collecting system having dew condensation surface, and is arranged to be such that the air drawn into the housing in the flow through the system so that moisture in the air to condense on the condensation surface. The apparatus further comprises a water reservoir, the water reservoir capable of containing moisture by the convergence of the water collection system from the water, and having a bottom and a side surface, which constitutes a side surface of the surrounding water the longitudinal axis of rotation of the surface, the reservoir further having a circulating water outlet and a water inlet, wherein, along the longitudinal axis of the water outlet formed on the bottom of the water reservoir, for water extracted from the water reservoir, the circulating water inlet formed on the side surface. Recycling is designed to intake water into the water reservoir in a tangential direction along the side surface. The apparatus further comprises a water circulation line, which circulation line passes through a water filtration and sterilization system extending from the outlet of the reservoir to the inlet to the pump means such that by means of a water circulation through the water reservoir, and a water dispensing valve for the external dispensing of water from the water circulation line.


The paper analyses the state of the jurisprudence of legitimacy on the issue of when a civil judgment produces its declaratory and constitutive effects. After reconstructing the main interventions on the two "systems of rules" that have allowed the Court to take a position on this question (Article 282 of the Code of Civil Procedure, on the provisional enforceability of the judgment, and the provisions on the suspension of proceedings, useful for identifying the moment in which the extra-trial constraint of the decision is triggered), the author notes the existence of contradictions between jurisprudential orientations, not yet completely overcome. Finally, some problematic reflections are made on a possible research itinerary regarding the "soft" effectiveness of the non-final civil judgment.


FBPSK, a new modulation technique which leads to nonlinear amplified BPSK modems is presented This BPSK compatible modulation takes advantage of the nonlinear processor pulse shaper FQPSK(1-4}. Nonlinearly amplified FBPSK have been shown to meet the IEEE 802.11 specifications for wireless LAN for Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS). Experimental data using the latest in microwave technology has shown that FBPSK provides 6.5 dB power advantage over conventional BPSK modems with about 0.3 to 1.1 dB depending on the chosen filters in both transmit and receive side .. FBPSK modulator can deliver 1 Watt output compared to 150 m Watt for BPSK, and can be demodulated using conventional BPSK demodulator. BER performance of FBPSK in both A WGN and Rayleigh fading channels has been evaluated and compared with conventional BPSK modems in both linear and nonlinear channels. Intellectual property disclosure statements were submitted to IEEE802.11, ITC-TIA and other standardization committee by Dr. Material contained in this paper is based and is solely related to previously copyrighted material by Dr. Feher-Digcom, Inc. It is submitted on a non-exclusive basis for publication in the IEEE 802.11 conference January 9-11 1995. Most parts will also be published in Journal/magazine publications and in Feher's forthcoming book (5) in Apri11995.


This study investigates the effects of overconfidence on a Cournot competition subject to yield uncertainty. We consider one of two firms to be overconfident, whereas the other is completely rational and derive the Nash equilibrium to compare with that when both firms are completely rational. Through this comparison and analysis, we establish that (i) the relationship between a firm's overconfidence and the likelihood of that firm developing a monopoly in the market is positive; (ii) a rational firm always suffers a loss because of its competitor's overconfidence in a Cournot competition; and (iii) an overconfident firm does not benefit constantly from its overconfidence, although overconfidence results in permanent, increased, and more aggressive market sharing in competitions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A significant interest to phenols and their derivat es is connected with the fact that these compound s play an important role in human industrial activity and are widely sp read in our environment. In the present paper it wa s investigated the action of one aquatic pollutant phenol under two concentration (25 and 50 mg/l water) on some p hysiological parameters (energy metabolism, respiratory rate, nu mber of erythrocytes and leukocytes, blood glucose lev l, survival) on perch (Perca fluviatilis) and marsh frog (Peloph ylax ridibundus). The choice of these species is ba sed on the fact that they are widely spread and can be well preserv ed in laboratory conditions. They are also importan t in the aquatic ecosystems and last, but not least, they are sensit ive to various toxic actions. Phenol produces, aft er two weeks of immersion, a significant decrease of respiratory rh thm, glycaemia values and the number of erythrocy tes. Exposure of perch to phenol action produces oxygen consumption decrease after two weeks of intoxication. In the concentration of 50 mg/l, the phenol produces, after two weeks of i mmersion, a significant increase of the number of leukocytes.


Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) have many advantages like low materials cost, excellent structural stability and high tolerance toward rapid thermal cycling over the traditional all ceramic SOFCs. To facilitate the commercialization of SOFCs, an all symmetrical MS-SOFC with the structure of Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ (SDC)-430L anode/Zr0.88Sc0.22Ce0.01O2.12(SSZ) electrolyte/SDC-430L cathode was developed by a tape castingsintering-infiltration method. When measured in humidified hydrogen fuel and air oxidant, the maximum power densities (MPD) of the fuel cell are 220, 250 and 280 mW/cm at 600, 650 and 700°C, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectra measurement shows that the cell performances are primarily dominated by polarization resistances derived from the SDC-430L electrodes. The pure ohmic resistances are 0.16, 0.21 and 0.29 Ωcm and the polarization resistances are 0.67, 0.90 and 1.22 Ωcm at 700, 650 and 600°C, respectively. Compared with that of the anode, polarization resistance of cathode is much higher. When measured at 650°C, polarization resistances of the symmetrical SDC-430L cell are 0.23 and 1.92 Ωcm in 3%H2O-97%H2 and air, respectively. Further optimizing the cell structure (e.g., applying a finer 430L backbone) and the catalyst materials (e.g., Ag, Pt containing composite materials) may enhance the electrochemical performances of such MS-SOFC. 770 无 机 材 料 学 报 第 31卷


Background: Delay discounting is a reduction in the subjective value of a delayed outcome. Elevated delay discounting is a type of impulsivity that is associated with harmful behaviors, including substance abuse and financial mismanagement. Methods: Elevated delay discounting as related to addiction and financial mismanagement was reviewed from psychological, neurobiological, and behavioral economic perspectives. Results: Addiction and financial mismanagement frequently co-occur, and elevated delay discounting may be a common mechanism contributing to both of these problematic behaviors. Conclusions: Future research on the relationships between delay discounting, substance abuse, and financial mismanagement can provide important insights for developing improved prevention and treatment strategies.


ABSTRACT Information, computer and Internet technologies are receiving increased attention in design education. The challenge of integrating these technologies into design education has brought about attention to scaffolding mechanisms. This research presents a web-based scaffolding-learning tool to support undergraduate design students' sustainable spatial planning. It fosters student interaction effects and measures learning outcomes in the context of a collaborative learning environment. The intention of this research was to explore how, and to what extent, students could benefit from new learning technologies. This research aimed to test the hypothesis that tool utilization would support students and allow them to develop greater understanding of spatial planning, which would be beneficial to overall designs. Seventy-six students (39 and 37, respectively) were measured based on the tool and a survey questionnaire in 2 design studios to reflect on how the tool influenced their design process and learning. Objective comparison was performed with 2 control groups (38 and 37, respectively) to establish the effectiveness of the tool. This related to how it fostered students' learning activities, enhancement of knowledge acquisition and the satisfaction of a mix of students with different needs. The findings of the research showed that over 85% of students positively highlighted the effectiveness of the tool, with its use contributing to the selection of the most suitable site for the building and also helping to promote communication with their lecturers in remote locations. Based on these results the scaffolding tool appears to have significant potential for introducing sustainable planning to design students.


The quest for data-driven campaigning in 2012—creating massive databases of voter information for more effective micro-targeting—found greater efficacy and new controversy in 2016. The Trump campaign capitalized on the power of digital advertising to reach the public to engage in unprecedented mass-targeted campaigning. His campaign spent substantially more on Facebook and other digital media paid ads than Clinton. Yet, the company that Trump worked with, Cambridge Analytica, closed up shop in 2018 under a cloud of controversy about corrupt officials and voter manipulation in several countries, as well as ill-begotten data of Facebook users that drove their micro-targeting practices. The Clinton campaign modeled itself on data-driven successes of the Obama campaign, yet the algorithms that drove their decision making were flawed, thereby leading her campaign to underperform in essential swing states. Similar to the Romney campaign's Narwhal challenges on Election Day when the campaign effectively was flying blind on get-out-the-vote numbers, the Clinton plane was flying on bad coordinates, ultimately causing her campaign to crash in critical swing states.


Since the first Chinese fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) unit was commercialized in 1965, these milestone innovations and developments have been achieved in the historical sequence events of zeolite catalyst-riser FCC process, residue FCC process, DCC (deep catalytic cracking) process, multi-cascade riser FCC process and the ongoing high-selective FCC process in China. In the course of the development of Chinese FCC technology, many breakthroughs have been made, such as the quantities of FCCU increased dramatically from the blank beginning, the technical level of FCCU enhanced higher and higher, the capacity of FCCU grew larger and larger, and the R&D on FCC technology was from the tracking mode to the independent innovation mode. Up to now, the total capacity of FCCU in China has been reached 150 Mt/a, in which the residue ratio of FCCU feedstock is around 40%. The outputs of FCCU are roughly taking up the components of 70%, 30% and 40% to gasoline pool, diesel pool and propylene pool respectively, as well as raw materials of alkylation units and etherificationunits. Now FCC is playing a decisive role in the aspects of heavy oil processing, higher light oil recovery, products qualification improving, and better economic benefits in the oil industry of China.


A case of a solitary, localized, benign hemangioma of the clavicle with a pathological fracture is presented. There was no evidence of any other blood vessel being affected. The hemangioma did not cause any signs and symptoms. The literature on this subject is briefly reviewed.


Metal nanometer materal is an important aspect of nanostructure material.The investigation of nano-silver particles has been a active field due to unique application in recent years.The prepraring methods and application of nano-silver are reviewed.


Reading plays an important role in English study.Importance of non-linguistic factors in English learning were discussed from aspects of knowlege background,reading habit and skill etc..


This paper is a study of the "Character and Object Repetition" problem in crowded scenes. A detailed technique is presented in comparison to alternative previous solutions from different researchers.


Use of a compound selected from the group consisting of derivatives of N-phenyl-2-pyrimidine-amine of formula II: wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I a C1-C5 alkyl or a cyclic or heterocyclic, especially a pyridyl group; R4, R5 and R6 are independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, I, a C1-C5 alkyl, especially a methyl group; and R7 is a phenyl group bearing at least one substituent, which in turn possesses at least one basic site, for the preparation of a medicament for preventing or delaying the onset and / or treating selected inflammatory diseases among the group consisting of rheumatoid arthritis, conjunctivitis, rheumatoid spondylitis, osteoarthritis, gouty arthritis and polyarthritis.


The seismic response behavior of fluid-saturated porous media (FSPM) has been a critical subject in the area of soil dynamics and geotechnical earthquake engineering. In this paper, the numerical study of the seismic response of the FSPM is performed based on the u-p dynamic formulation. A time-stepping explicit algorithm for the numerical solution to the u-p dynamic formulation is developed. The precise time integration method is adopted in the algorithm to improve the computational accuracy. The transmitting artificial boundary is used to describe the energy radiative effect of the wave motion in the FSPM. The numerical results indicate that the time-stepping explicit algorithm developed in the current study is applicable and effective for the numerical solution of the dynamic problems of the FSPM based on the u-p dynamic formulation. Furthermore, parametric studies are performed to investigate the effect of the permeability coefficient, elastic modulus of the solid skeleton and porosity on the dynamic response of the FSPM. The analyses show that the permeability coefficient value has a negligible effect on the solid skeleton displacement but has a noticeable impact on the pore fluid pressure. With the decrease of the permeability coefficient value, the peak pore pressure increases remarkably. The elastic modulus of the solid skeleton has an important effect on the solid skeleton displacement and pore fluid pressure. With the decrease of the magnitude of elastic modulus, the solid skeleton displacement and pore fluid pressure increase remarkably. The porosity value has an insignificant effect on the solid skeleton displacement but has a significant impact on the pore fluid pressure. With the increase of the porosity value, the peak pore pressure decreases significantly.


ABSTRACT This article introduces a novel non parametric penalized likelihood hazard estimation when the censoring time is dependent on the failure time for each subject under observation. More specifically, we model this dependence using a copula, and the method of maximum penalized likelihood (MPL) is adopted to estimate the hazard function. We do not consider covariates in this article. The non negatively constrained MPL hazard estimation is obtained using a multiplicative iterative algorithm. The consistency results and the asymptotic properties of the proposed hazard estimator are derived. The simulation studies show that our MPL estimator under dependent censoring with an assumed copula model provides a better accuracy than the MPL estimator under independent censoring if the sign of dependence is correctly specified in the copula function. The proposed method is applied to a real dataset, with a sensitivity analysis performed over various values of correlation between failure and censoring times.


The effects of cutting frequency on oat fresh and hay yields,crude protein,ADF and other indices were studied in this paper.4641,4632,Bayan No.3,Qingyongjiu 425 and 31 were used as materials.The cutting experiment showed that compared to the control(one cut at anthesis),2 times of cutting in the growing season significantly reduced the fresh and hay yields,as well as crude protein yield per unit area.Bayan No.3 showed the greatest reduction in hay and crude protein yield,67.65% and 57.57%,respectively.The least decrease was found in Qingyongjiu 425,with 23.64% and(21.28%) reduction,respectively.However,the forage quality from the treatment was much better than the control,showing lower stem-to-leaf ratio,higher crude protein and crude ash content and better palatability.Furthermore,the first cut produced significantly lower ADF content than the second cut and control.4632 gave the best performance,showing 53.68% increase in crude protein content;as high as 17.36% increase was also seen in Qingyongjiu 425.Bayan No.3 showed 11.34% ADF reduction,as compared with the control.There was no significant difference between the first cut and the control in Qingyongjiu 31.


The changes in the structure of sabugalite have been undertaken using thermo-Raman and infrared spectroscopy based upon the results of thermogravimetric analysis. Two Raman bands are observed at 835 and 830 cm -1 assigned to the (UO2) 2+ stretching vibrations resulting from the non-equivalence of the uranyl bonds (UO2) 2+ . These bands give calculated U-O bond lengths of 1.773 and 1.7808 A. A low intensity band is observed at 895 cm -1 assigned to the ν3 antisymmetric stretching vibration of (UO2) 2+ units. Five bands are observed in the 950 to 1050 cm -1 region in the Raman spectrum of sabugalite and are assigned to the ν3 antisymmetric stretching vibration of (PO4) 3- units. Changes in the Raman spectra reflect changes in the structure of sabugalite as dehydration occurs. No (PO4) 3- symmetric stretching mode is observed. This result is attributed to the non-equivalence of the PO bonds in the PO4 units. The PO4 vibrations were not affected by dehydration. Thermo-Raman spectroscopy proved to be a very powerful technique for the study of the changes in the structure of sabugalite during dehydration.


Excerpt To the editor: King and Kelton (1) point out an important side effect of heparin. Given the incidence of thrombocytopenia and the number of persons treated, most clinicians can expect to se...


The basic metal industry is one of the most economically important business lines in the manufacturing industry. According to the Social Security Institution (SSI) 2020 data, the basic metal industry in Turkiye is represented by 16 sub-businesses lines. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the risk levels of the sub-business lines of the basic metal industry class, which is included in the SSI economic activity classification. Occupational Health and Safety data included in the 2020 SSI statistics were used to determine risk levels. The number of employees who have an occupational disease, the number of deaths as a result of work accidents, the period of temporary incapacity for work (inpatient), the period of temporary incapacity for work (outpatient), and the number of employees who have had a work accident are the criteria selected from these data. In the evaluation made according to these criteria, Multi-Criteria Decision Making methods were used. Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) and Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) methods were used to determine and classify the importance levels of the criteria determined for 16 sectors. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that the most risky sector among the main metal industry sub-business lines is the "Manufacture of basic iron and steel products and ferrous alloys" and the most important criterion is the number of insured persons with occupational diseases.


Introduction Pathogenesis of papilledema is unknown. Several conditions such as raised intracranial pressure, venous sinus thrombosis, hydrocephalus and others are known to be associated with papilledema. Although elevated venous pressure and venous occlusion are regarded as primary factors responsible for papilledema, experimental models that replicate these conditions do not result in papilledema (2). We present our findings in an animal model of hydrocephalus (1).


A fiber bragg grating was made by evaporating silica nano particles on the outside of a multimode silica fiber core using EISA method. We demonstrate that a cost effective bragg filter may be built by evaporating nano particles directly on a fiber core, which is tunable with the particle size.


Switching function is a powerful tool for the research and performance optimization of converter, including voltage source converter, current source converter (CSI) and controlled PWM rectifier (CR). The paper proposed converter simplified model based on switching function, theory correctness compared to Matlab calculation results verified the proposed model.


The new Marxist theory on overcoming consumption alienation believes that the consideration of consumption has already departed from the basic needs for survival of human beings and has taken the consumption as a way for self-satisfaction,which makes the subjectivity of human beings more and more controlled by the material world.The phenomenon of consumption alienation has led to a series of defect consequences,causing disharmony in the development of international politics,economy and culture.New Marxist are dedicated to overcome the phenomenon of consumption alienation,advocate green,fair and civilized consumption,which has some inspirations in the construction of a harmonious world.


I performed my composition, 'Riots' at the 44 A.D. gallery for the release of the book, 'Find Another Bath' to a crowd of around 70 people. The book is the collection of exhibits which were artistic responses to oft-forgotten aspects and places in Bath's history, particularly during the industrial revolution. The art in the exhibition and book included sculptures, poems, and paintings.

This piece is a part of my ongoing exploration of composing for trumpet and electronics while exploring improvisational practices.


What Jonathan Nitschke of the University of Cambridge and colleagues made shouldn't be stable. But it is. After 2 years of work by postdoc Masahiro Yamashina, now at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, the team reports a nanosized cage with antiaromatic walls that boasts some peculiar magnetic properties (Nature 2019, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1661-x). To understand why this nanocage's stability is surprising, you have to remember Huckel's rule. According to the rule, a molecule is aromatic if it has 4n + 2 π electrons in a system of rings containing conjugated double bonds. That aromaticity increases the stability of the compound. But when a cyclic conjugated compound has 4n π electrons, it is antiaromatic. These molecules are typically unstable and reactive, and the rings have a paramagnetic ring current that can be seen with nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. To build the nanocage, Yamashina used some relatively stable antiaromatic nickel(II) norcorrole building blocks


The article explores the traveling educational program Teach 4 Amerika, developed by the artists' collective the Bruce High Quality Foundation and sponsored by the nonprofit organization Creative Time. The author reflects on the program's mission to empower art students to manage their own educational experience. Emphasis is given to a critique of high tuition costs and debt incurred by art students in the U.S.


Video-on-demand is an interactive service that provides programs (movie, home shopping, etc.) to users connected to a network. This service will require high bandwidth network and video servers with a large amount of storage capacity. From the viewpoint of system analysis, there are optimization problems to be solved. In this paper, we present a dynamic programming method for allocating the storage for programs being served in a multi-level video-on-demand network. In the optimization of the network resource, we consider the three kinds of costs: installation cost for video servers, program storage cost, and transmission (or communication) cost. The factors related to the costs are investigated. An example is shown to illustrate the proposed method.


Introduction: Child chronic malnutrition and anemia represent a major public health problem whose consequences are manifested throughout the life cycle. The Peruvian State is characterized by hosting one of the largest ethno-cultural wealth of the Americas, being the Peruvian Amazon region the one that has the greatest diversity of indigenous groups in the country. Objective: To determine the prevalence of chronic malnutrition and anemia in children under 5 years of indigenous households in Peru. Design: Secondary analysis of data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2013, National Institute of Statistics and Informatics. Institution: Second Specialization in Public Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru. Participants: Children under 5 years of households from the Amazon region where the primary language is indigenous. Main outcome measures: Chronic malnutrition (<-2 Z-scores for height for age) and anemia (<11 g/dL hemoglobin adjusted for altitude). Results: Chronic malnutrition affected 43% and anemia 43.5% of children under 5 years of indigenous households. There was no statistically significant association between chronic malnutrition and sex or age of the child, nor between anemia and gender of the child; however an association between the child's age and anemia was found (p<0.001). Conclusions: Chronic malnutrition and anemia were high in children under 5 years of indigenous households in the Amazon region of Peru, evidencing the large disparities in poverty, basic services and health in indigenous children.


This study explores the narrative reconstruction by journalists of the story of John F. Kennedy's assassination. It examines how American journalists have turned their retellings of assassination coverage into stories about themselves, promoting themselves as the event's authorized spokespeople. At heart of their attempts to do so are issues of rhetorical legitimation, narrative adjustment and collective memory, all of which underscore how journalists establish themselves as an authoritative interpretive community. The study is based on systematic examination of the narratives by which journalists have told the assassination story over the 27 years since Kennedy died. Narratives were taken from public published discourse which appeared between 1963 and 1990 in the printed press,documentary films, television retrospectives, trade press and professional reviews. The study found that journalists' authority for the event was rarely grounded in practice, for covering Kennedy's death was fraught with problems for journalists seeking to legitimate themselves as professionals. Rather, their authority was grounded in rhetoric, in the narratives by which journalists have recast their coverage as professional triumph and given themselves a central role as the assassination story's authorized retellers. Their narratives have allowed them to recast instinctual and improvisory dimensions of practice as the mark of a true professional, while attending to larger agendas about journalistic professionalism, shifting boundaries of cultural authority and the legitimation of television. All of this has made the Kennedy assassination a critical incident for American journalists, through which they have negotiated the haws and whys of journalistic practice, authority and community. This study thereby showed that journalists practice rhetorical legitimation in a circular fashion, circulating their narratives circulated in systematic and strategic ways across medium and news organization. Journalists use discourse about events to address what they see as issues central to their legitimation and consolidation as a professional interpretive community. This suggests that the function of journalistic discourse is not only to relay news but to help journalists promote themselves as cultural authorities for events of the "real world." Degree Type Dissertation Degree Name Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Department Communication First Advisor Larry Gross This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations_asc/6 Subject Categories Communication | Journalism Studies | Mass Communication | Speech and Rhetorical Studies This dissertation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations_asc/6


List of Plates 1. Untrodden Peaks and Unfrequented Valleys 2. The Glamour of the Back of Beyond 3. Unfeminine Exploits 4. An Up-to-Anything Free-Legged Air 5. In Search of the Picturesque 6. The Means to an End 7. Quite Safe Here with Jesus 8. Journeys into Print 9. Ornaments of Empire 10. Pay, Pack, and Follow 11. In Camp and Cantonment 12. The Gilding Off 13. Life in the Bush Maps Useful Reference Books Geographical Index Index of Authors


An analysis is presented of the superfiuid injection dilution refrigeration process with emphasis on the case in which both 4He and 3Re are circulated. Though the treatment is almost equivalent to that of Pennings et al., our analysis leads for T;::S 0.03 K to an explicit expression for the temperature distribution along the tube ending in the mixing chamber. The cooling power of the refrigerator can easily be determined. A representative numerical example is treated in some detail.


This work is the result of research developed at the Federal Institute of Goias (Senador Canedo Campus) with the objective of reflecting on Paulo Freire's thinking, especially regarding the contribution that this intellectual offers to the exercise of Theory and Teaching of History. In this sense, to understand how historians can use it as a valuable contribution to the reflections around historical science and its teaching, taking as a premise the possibility of building with a pedagogical relationship that aims at transforming individuals into autonomous and intellectually free subjects in relationship with the world. This view on the teaching-learning relationship inscribed in the reflections of Paulo Freire has as its starting point the very life of the subjects involved in this process, or in other words, the life history of those who present themselves within this process, aiming through education its own constitution of humanization. In an objective way, the central proposal of this work is, therefore, to investigate how this potentiality about how Paulo Freire's thought contributes to the process of development of the historical consciousness of those involved in the pedagogical field through historicity.


The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody titer was examined in 22 children whose atypical mononuclear cells appeared in the peripheral blood smear. Paul-Bunnell and mononucleosis tests were negative in all these children, but antibodies to EBV were demonstrated in 21 of them. Only five children in a control group of 27 had antibodies to EBV. We conclude that the presence of EBV antibodies with a rising titer supports a diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. It is of particular importance in children under 1 year of age in whom the finding of atypical mononuclear cells in the absence of positive Paul-Bunnell and mononucleosis tests shows a strong correlation with EBV antibody titer. This finding frequently occurs in the absence of typical clinical features of infectious mononucleosis.


OBJECTIVES Patients diagnosed with high grade glial tumors and treated in Metropolitan Hospital, were analysed retrospectively to evaluate radiotherapy results and the prognostic factors. METHODS One hundred and thirty-eight patients (63 females, 75 males) diagnosed with high grade glial tumors were analysed retrospectively to evaluate radiotherapy results and the prognostic factors. Radiotherapy was given after complete resection on 51 patients and after partial resection on 47 patients. The remaining 40 patients were irradiated after biopsy. Fifty-five patients received concomittant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS Median overall survival and progression free survival were 13 and 6 months. One and 2-year survival rates were %55 and %24 respectively. Univariate analysis showed that age (p=0.0021, p=0.0021), histology (p=0.0079, p=0.00001), resection type (p=0.04, p=0.01), Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) (p=0.00001, p=0.00001) and Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RPA) (p=0.00001, p=0.000001) classification were the significant prognostic factors for the progression-free and overall survival. In multivariate analysis, KPS (p=0.03322), and RPA (p=0.0033) classification were the independent significant prognostic factors for overall and progression free survival respectively. CONCLUSION In our series KPS and RPA classification were the most significant prognostic factors for the progression and survival.


Objective To study the value of laparoscope and hysteroscope in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility caused by fallopian tube factors.Methods The clinical data of 78 cases infertility women caused by fallopian tube factors diagnosed and cured by hysteroscopy and laparoscopy was analyzed retrospectively.78 cases infertility women were studied in terms of adhesiolysis,fallopian tube plasty,fenestration,and endometyiosis lesions electrocautery.Hysteroscopy was used observe the endometrium and fallopian tube openings directly,tubal cannulation was done under directvision.The pregnancy rate was followed up.Results It was found that there were 33 cases of fallopian tube inflammation,30 cases of inflammation of tube and overy and 15 cases of hydrosalpingix.Of the 3 kinds,pelvic inflammation was found to be responsible for 50 cases,pelvic endometriosis for 30 cases.The pregnancy rate was 42.9%(3/15) for inflammation of fallopian tube and ovary,20%(3/54) for hydrosalpingix.Conclusion Hysteroscopy and Laparoscopy can safely diagnosis and treat infertility caused by fallopian tube factors,and to improve the recanaliztion rate of oviduct and postoperative pregnancy rate.


A new organic semiconductor tartaric acid doped salt of emeraldine polyaniline(PANI-C4H6O6)has been obtained by the method of oxidative polymerization of monomeric aniline with ammonium persulfate in acidic solution.The structure was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared technique(FTIR) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The temperature dependence dc conductivity δdc(T)shows a semiconductor behavior and follows the quasi one dimensional variable range hopping(Q1D-VRH)model.Data on δdc(T) are also discussed.


Subway is a huge and complicated system and there are many elements influencing its safety.According to the safety system of people-machine-circle-administration,the author established target assessment system and a safety assessment model by using the method of illegibility comprehensive assessment.Finally the author presents an applicable case and analyzes it.


A prototype of a fast switching valve for a digital hydraulic machine has been designed and manufactured. The valve is composed of an annular seat plunger connected with a moving coil actuator as the force producing element. The valve prototype is designed for flow rates of 600 l/min with less than 0.5 bar pressure drop, and the models predicts a switching time in the region of a millisecond with a travel length of 3.5 mm using an average power of 250 W. The total machine efficiency when neglecting losses not related to the valves is above 98 %. The objective of this paper is to experimentally validate a transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the fluid forces that oppose the valve plunger when moving rapidly through the surrounding oil during switching. Due to the fast switching of the valve, the fluid forces which oppose plunger movement increases drastically as the plunger approaches the closed position. Fast switching is essential for digital hydraulic machines to achieve a high efficiency. As the fluid forces influences the response obtaining an accurate model is important. To validate the model tests are carried out on the prototype where the valve is closed, both with and without oil surrounding the valve plunger. The transient CFD model is then verified by comparing measurements with simulation results.


We show that for groups whose classifying ring U is commutative, the classifying ring is just the product UK = UG.U(k)K, key words: lie group, classifying ring, lorentzide. Thesis Supervisor: Bertram Kostant Title: Professor of Mathematics


Safety and security are the foremost priorities of correctional agencies. In contrast, public health programs focus on the prevention of disease and the promotion of wellness. These missions are more similar than they appear. Although their roles differ in the community, public safety and public health share common goals. More and more communities recognize the value of corrections/public health partnerships to improve the health and safety of the entire community. Many now use the phrase "Public Health is Public Safety and Public Safety is Public Health." Working with corrections is a strategic necessity for public health and community organizations. Programs must not only improve health care delivery but also foster and support the development of linkages between corrections and other community-based providers and programs. Rates of disease progression and survival among inmates are clearly related to access to good and knowledgeable medical care within corrections that is linked to improved access to health care and prevention services in the community. By taking advantage of the period of incarceration, public health and correctional care providers can reduce the burden of disease and introduce prevention measures to reduce health costs in correctional settings as well as in the community. The transition of inmates from incarceration to the community is challenging, and health care concerns often are a lower priority than the search for jobs, housing, reconnection with family members, and other tasks of daily living. Fostering community input and support is essential to develop the linked networks of health and social services needed to facilitate the continuity of care during and after incarceration. Continuity of care between corrections and the community is critical to break the cycle of crime, addiction, disease transmission, and recidivism that affect these persons and their communities.