Energy efficient is an important designing goal for wireless sensor networks' routing protocol.Based on the study of the typical hierarchical routing protocol LEACH,the model is built by OPNET,and LEACH protocol's simulation platform is presented under OPNET's virtual wireless environment,it simulates the practical run of LEACH protocol.Considering network lifetime and node energy dissipation as index,it concludes that LEACH is energy efficient.


ABSTRACT Librarians frequently express their reluctance to get involved in international lending. This can perhaps be attributed to a feeling that their interests lie closer to home. As a result, they tend to view requests from libraries in other countries as an exceptional problem to be solved rather than part of the regular workflow. A few bad experiences with international lending can forever color the feeling of interlibrary loan offices about requests from abroad. The general feeling is a dismissive "Why bother?" CISTI has taken a more optimistic view of international resource sharing. CISTI has, in fact, taken up the challenge of supplying to libraries outside of North America, realizing that as the world shrinks, along with library budgets, we must be prepared to look beyond our own borders. This article provides a review of CISTI's experiences and some practical advice for dealing with particular issues, such as lending across long distances, language barriers, messaging and ordering systems, international mail and Customs controls and billing issues.


Exponentially grown cells of Escherichia coli JE 1011 were heated at 45°C, 48°C or 50°C in phosphate buffer or nutrient broth at pH 7.0. Heating at 45°C did not affect the growth of cells, while heating at 48°C and 50°C elongated the lag time as a function of heating time. During heating for 30 min, protein, lipopolysaccharide, phospholipid, magnesium ion (Mg2+), and 260nm absorbing materials were released from the heated cells. The heating at 45°C caused the release of lipopolysaccharide and outer membrane proteins, indicating structural damage to the outer membrane. On heating at 48°C and 50°C, 260nm absorbing materials and surface enzymes leaked from the cells extensively. It was shown that heating at these temperatures resulted in structural and functional damage to the cytoplasmic membrane in addition to structural damage to the outer membrane. Hewever, even the heating at 50°C did not cause the decomposition of DNA. More hydrophobic esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid had stronger antimicrobial action on these heated cells, and their activity was greater towards cells heated at higher temperature. The more hydrophobic PHBAE (propyl and butyl esters) had bactericidal action on Escherichia coli JE 1101 at 50°C.


The complex magnetic transitions and superconductivity of HoNi 2B2C were studied via the dependence of the heat capacity on temperature and in-plane field angle. We provide an extended, comprehensive magnetic phase diagram for Bi@100# andBi@110# based on the thermodynamic measurements. Three magnetic transitions and the superconducting transition were clearly observed. The 5.2 K transition ( TN) shows a hysteresis with temperature, indicating the first-order nature of the transition at B50 T. The 6 K transitionTM , namely the onset of the long-range ordering, displays a dramatic in-plane anisotropy: TM increases with increasing magnetic field forBi@100# while it decreases with increasing field for Bi@110#. The anomalous anisotropy in TM indicates that the transition is related to the a-axis spiral structure. The 5.5 K transition T* shows similar behavior to the 5.2 K transition, i.e., a small in-plane anisotropy and scaling with Ising model. This last transition is ascribed to the change from a* dominant phase toc* dominant phase.


Investment under uncertainty have obvious options' characteristic.We can solve uncertain investment with real options' ideas.Incorporating real options theory's development,we analyze decision-making options' characteristic of uncertain investment,and construct its investment solutions base on real options,extraordinarily emphasize solutions' applicability.


An inner surface joint welding apparatus for small caliber type steel pipes, which considerably reduces costs for manufacturing, using and managing the apparatus, and performs the inner surface welding of the steel pipes more easily by constructing the apparatus in such a structure that is suitable for inner surface welding of the small caliber type steel pipes and is simple as a whole, is provided. An inner surface joint welding apparatus for small caliber type steel pipes comprises: a main car frame(10) on which an automatic welder(50) for welding the inner surfaces of steel pipes is mounted, and at which transfer mechanisms(20,30,40) are installed to move the automatic welder in horizontal, vertical and rotating directions within the steel pipes; a transfer car frame(60) which is connected to the rear of the main car frame, and which has a welding supporting equipment and a control equipment mounted on an upper part thereof to operate the automatic welder and the transfer mechanisms; an automatic traveling mechanism installed on the bottom of the main car frame and the transfer car frame to enable the apparatus to travel automatically; and a remote operation controller(8) connected to the control equipment of the transfer car frame to operate a welding system from the outside.


Sixty‐seven patients meeting DSM‐III‐R criteria for schizophrenia who had been eligible for a placebo controlled trial of an antipsychotic preparation were followed up at 9 months to examine whether a variety of socio‐demographic, illness, treatment and compliance variables were associated with consent to participate in the treatment trial. A survey of subjective appraisals concerning the trial and attitudes to medication of trial participants was also carried out.


The demand for a compact, easy-to-use and precise thermal cycler is always extremely high in biomedical field due to the decisive role of temperature in determining the accuracy of many biomedical applications. In this study, a new design of thermal cycler is proposed to improve the ease of manipulation as well as production process while maintaining the required accuracy of temperature handling. Specifically, a semiconductor component called Peltier is utilized as the main heat generation source in this work, which offers an operation range of 15-80°C. As Peltier has already been mass produced in the market and gained its popularity by appearing in many home appliances, the production cost and time could be minimized. Additionally, by applying the PID control algorithm, the accuracy of the proposed system could be maintained (maximum variation within 1°C in case of Isothermal Amplification and 2°C in case of Temperature Cycling Amplification) as compared with other thermal cyclers with sophisticated heating technology. The thermal cycler proposed in this work is expected to be further developed to be integrated into the microfluidic chip for rapid virus detection applications.


Integration of wireless and optical access technologies for the Internet access seems as a promising solution to reduce the cost of deploying fiber to the premises. Wireless Optical Broadband Access Network (WOBAN) combines wireless mesh and optical communication technologies at the front and the back ends of the Internet access, respectively. Survivable design of both ends of WOBAN occurs as an important problem for the network operators. In this paper, we propose a restoration framework for WOBAN which is inherited from a previously proposed architecture. Our proposed scheme attempts to select optimum number of protection clusters for the WDM-PON segments at the back-end of WOBAN considering the optimum deployment of the fibers between the backup ONUs so that the restored traffic propagates with the minimum delay. Optimization results show that our proposed scheme leads to shorter fiber deployment between the ONUs which enables the failed traffic to propagate faster to the feeder fiber. Moreover, taking the advantage of the ring protection also provides the proposed scheme to cover the whole traffic in a failure-impacted WDM-PON segment.


Graded core/shell semiconductor nanorods and shaped nano rods are disclosed comprising Group II-VI, Group III-V and Group IV semiconductors and methods of making the same. Also disclosed are nanorod barcodes using core/shell nano rods where the core is a semiconductor or metal material, and with or without a shell. Methods of labeling analytes using the nanorod barcodes are also disclosed.


The emotive associations of the epithet Tridentine reveal confusion over the Council of Trent, which has continued from the seventeenth century to the present day. The complaints of Sarpi, the attacks of Leibnitz, the apologia of Bossuet, the abuse of Protestants, and the recriminations of modern Catholics all reveal different views of the Council's nature, its intentions and its achievements. Implicit in all views, however, is the concept of a Council which had lasting effects.


Objective: To investigate the application effects of the negative pressure puncturing which was used to the superficial vein indwelling needle puncturing for the poor condition of the vein among gerontal patients.Methods: Sixty-eight patients were selected as the experimental group and the control group by self-contrasted method.The time of puncturing was 68.The patients in the control group underwent the method of the routine detained needle puncture.The patients in the experimental group underwent the method of the negative pressure detained puncture tube using folded infusion tube.The clinical data were compared between the two groups.Results: The successful ratio of the first puncturing between the two groups had statistical difference(P0.01).The blood returning time and returning ratio of the puncturing had differences(P0.01).The effects of the puncturing had differences,too(P0.05).Conclusion: The negative pressure puncturing can obviously improve the successful rate and the effects of puncture tube by folded infusion tube for the poor condition of the vein among gerontal patients.


A general method for synthesizing 4-imino tetrahydropyridine derivatives is achieved, from readily available β-enaminones and sulfonyl azides, which comprises a sequential copper catalyzed ketenimine formation and its hitherto inaccessible intramolecular hydrovinylation. The products are shown as ready precursors for highly valuable 4-sulfonamidopyridine derivatives via DDQ mediated oxidation.


The article reveals the main provisions of the theory of stress and analyzes the methods of forming stress-resistant behavior. The use of these methods and techniques in the practical work of teachers, psychologists and other specialists who provide psychological assistance in stressful situations increases the efficiency of work, eases the emotional stress of people. Stressful situations arise both at home and at work. If we consider it from the point of view of management, organizational factors cause stress in the workplace. This will help to avoid many stressful situations, increase labor efficiency, and also achieve the goals of the organization with minimal psychological and physiological costs of employees. After all, stress at work is the cause of many diseases, which means it causes significant harm to the health of any employee, and health is one of the most important conditions for success in any professional activity. Stress disrupts human activity, the normal direction of his behavior. Stress, especially frequent and prolonged, negatively affects not only the psychological, but also the physical health of a person.


Better mechanisms are needed for evaluating important market and non-market effects of large technological programmes that are not properly captured by existing methods. This paper presents a framework that permits the direct and indirect economic effects from large R&D programmes to be separated. Petrobras' Deepwater Programme (Procap 1000) is used as a study-case because of its high technological content, and its great importance for oil production in Brazil. A sample of 27 projects from the programme over 23 years indicated an overall effect/cost ratio of 12.2 up to 1997, confirming the importance of R&D expenditure for economic growth. Learning obtained during the project's execution (indirect effect) was unexpectedly significant with an effect/cost ratio of 4.38 up to 1997. Copyright , Beech Tree Publishing.


This paper is concerned with problems of enhancing the look-direction signal in the presence of spatially distributed interference sources and sensor noise, when a multi channel processor is employed subject to the constraint that it has a desired frequency response for look-direction signals. The multi-channel algorithms to be presented possess stage by stage decoupling and do not involve an arbitrary size of the step length, unlike conventional tapped delay line algorithms. General implementation of constraints are discussed in terms of multi channel adaptive lattice algorithms. Different structures are proposed for the constraint algorithms based, on a direct form and a normalised form, which may be applied to broad-band sensor data. Single channel multi-sensor adaptive lattices are considered for narrow-band array data processing and their performance compared with eigenfilter (Pisarenko) type processors.


Tick "Active" box only if abnormality due to active vasculitis is newly present or worse over the last 4 weeks or persists for less than 3 months. After that, if ALL items are persistent and represent smouldering/low grade/grumbling disease, and there are no new/worse features, please tick the box at the bottom right corner. At the very first assessment all active items are considered as active/worse. If there are no abnormalities in a system, please tick the "None" box. For items present longer than 3 months refer to the Vasculitis Damage Index to score damage. None Active None Active 1. General 6. Cardiovascular Myalgia Loss of pulses Arthralgia or arthritis Bruits over accessible arteries Fever ≥ 38.0 0 C Blood pressure discrepancy Weight Loss ≥ 5% body weight Caudication of extremities Ischaemic cardiac pain Cardiomyopathy 2. Cutaneous Congestive cardiac failure Polymorphous exanthema Valvular heart disease Livedo Pericarditis Panniculitis Purpura 7. Abdominal Skin nodules Abdominal pain Infarct (nail edge lesion, splinter haemorrhage) Peritonitis Ulcer (full-thickness necrosis) Blood in stools or bloody diarrhoea Gangrene (extensive necrosis) Bowel ischaemia Other skin vasculitis (specify below) 8. Renal 3. Mucous membranes/eyes Hypertension >95th centile (for height) Mouth ulcers/granulomata Proteinuria >0.3 g/24h,>20mmol/mg creatinin Genital ulcers Haematuria ≥2+ or 5 rbc/hpf or red cell casts Adnexal inflammation GFR 50-80ml/min/1.73 m 2


The new contribution by JIANG Ze-min to the Maxist democratic politics reflects the following: Developing the socialist democratic politics and establishing the socialist political civilization are placed on the key aim of socialist madernization.


The electronic and magnetic properties of pure and Mn-doped armchair and zigzag ZnO nanotubes were studied using density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation. The calculated results show that all of the pure ZnO nanotubes are nonmagnetic and have relatively uniform band gap of 1.66 eV at Γ-point. Both the armchair and zigzag ZnO nanotubes are found to be direct gap and the band gaps are almost independent of tubular structures. For the Mn-doped ZnO nanotubes, it is noted that the band gaps are influenced by three factors, doping concentration, diameter, and chirality of the tube, while the bond lengths between Zn and O and between Mn and O for these structures are only decided by the diameter of the nanotube. The magnetic moments, however, are independent of the chirality from comparison between armchair and zigzag Mn-doped ZnO nanotube, and mainly governed by the doping concentration and diameter of the nanotube. Furthermore, it is found that large magnetic moments appears in Mn-...


One of the essences of the Chinese traditional architecture lies in combining architectural esthetical value and practical value perfectly,and highly unification of function and construction.There is an analyse in this article of the elegant construction of the Chinese traditional architecture which combines the dougong bracket,doors and windows and sparrow brace.This article provides certain inspiration to the contemporary architectural design in China.


An application runtime is the set of software elements that represent an application during its execution. Application runtimes should be adaptable to
different contexts. Advances in computing technology both in hardware and software indeed demand it. For example, on one hand we can think about
extending a programming language to enhance the developers' productivity.
On the other hand we can also think about transparently reducing the memory footprint of applications to make them fit in constrained resource
scenarios e.g., low networks or limited memory availability. We propose Espell, a virtualization infrastructure for object-oriented high-level language runtimes. Espell provides a general purpose infrastructure to control and manipulate object-oriented runtimes in different situations. A first-class representation of an object-oriented runtime provides a high-level API for the manipulation of such runtime. A hypervisor uses this first-class object and manipulates it either directly or by executing arbitrary expressions into it. We show with our prototype that this infrastructure supports language bootstrapping and application runtime tailoring. Using bootstrapping we describe an object-oriented high-level language initialization in terms of itself. A bootstrapped language takes advantage of its own abstractions and is easier to extend. With application runtime tailoring we generate specialized applications by extracting the elements of a program that are used during execution. A tailored application encompasses only the classes and methods it needs and avoids the code bloat that appears from the usage of third-party libraries and frameworks.


A strong national unity has been a dream of every country, including Islamic countries. A good foundation of unity can ensure the stability and survivability of a country. At the same time, it can prevent it from being involved in crisis and prolong upheaval. The mission of Prophet PBUH in building the foundation of Muslims'  unity during his time had managed to create an united community and country with incredible powers. Hence, this article will discuss the foundations of a successfully developed unity formed by Prophet PBUH since beginning from his da'wah. Prophet PBUH shaped his companions' souls to the construction of the Islamic State of Madinah. Therefore, this is a qualitative study using documents and literature analyses. The findings from this study will show the preliminary steps of a national unity shaped by Prophet PBUH, including the adaptation of Tawheed and spirituality up to the country's technicality management. The findings will also conclude that the Prophet's steps to national unity had solid foundations, were structured, and relevant to the progress of any country.


The current literature indicates that the research problems regarding the management of internationalizing SMEs (among them so-called International New Ventures — INVs) are relevant also in the Visegrad Region (Nowinski and Rialp, 2013; Wach, 2015; Danik, Kowalik and Kral, 2016). These problems are all the more important because the share of such SMEs in the foreign trade has been growing and its role in the economic growth is vital. In particular, the SMEs are jointly generating over 82% of the annual Polish exports value, and the accelerated expansion model has been applied by a considerable number of them Izabela Kowalik Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie, Instytut Międzynarodowego Zarządzania i Marketingu


ABSTRACT: Isoimmunization of Wistar rats with male accessory gland (MAG) extract and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induces a specific cell‐mediated immune response detected by skin delayed hypersensitivity, spleen lymphocyte culture as well as by the presence of macrophage inhibitory factor and skin reactive factor. Specific antibodies have also been investigated by hemagglutination, immunodiffusion, and complement‐fixation tests. In a group of rats receiving a single immunizing dose no antibody response was detected, but in 5 out of 8 rats a cell‐mediated immune response was found accompanied in three of them by mild histological changes in the target organ. In a second group that underwent a more intense and extended immunization schedule, the humoral response was detected by complement fixation in only three undiluted sera. The cellular immune mechanism was found in 18 out of 20 rats through one or more of the tests in the study. Male accessory gland lesions in various degrees were observed in 15 cases and they were mainly represented by mononuclear infiltration. Whether a cell‐mediated or humoral mechanism is responsible for induction of the tissue damage observed in the target glands is discussed.


Objective To investigate effects of intrathecal injection of morphine and fentanyl combined with low-dose naloxone on the pain behavior and the expression of blood motilin(MTL) in the rat model of incisional pain.Methods A total of 72 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats(weight 180-220 g), successfully intrathecally catheterized, were ran-domly divided into 6 groups(n=12): normal saline group(NS group), incisional pain group(P group), morphine(5 μg/kg)+fentanyl(0.25 μg/kg) group(MFP group), morphine+ fentanyl+ naloxone(0.2 ng/kg, 1 ng/kg, 5 ng/kg) group(MFPN1, MF-PN2 and MFPN3 groups). All groups except NS group were made the model of incisional pain on the right plantar surface. At24-hours before intrathecal cathetherization(T0), 24-hours before modelling(T1), 1-hours(T2), 3-hours(T3), 6-hours(T4), 24-hours(T5), 48-hours(T6) and 72-hours(T7) after modelling respectively, paw withdrawal mechanical threshold(PWMT) and paw withdrawal thermal latency(PWTL) were detected in right hind paw in 6 rats of each group. The other 6rats in each group were sacrificed 6-hour after operation. The plasma expression of motilin was detected by ELISA. Results Compared with NS group, the PWMT was not significantly different in all time points in MFPN2 group. The values ofPWTL were significantly longer at T2 and T5 in MFPN2 group than those of NS group(P0.05).The PWMT and thePWTL were significantly decreased at T2, T3 and T4 in P and MFPN3 groups than those of NS group(P0.05).Comparedwith P group, the PWMT at T6, and PWTL at T3 and T4 were significantly decreased in MFPN3 group(P0.05). The MTL atT6 was significantly decreased in P, MFP, MFPN1 and MFPN3 groups compared with that of NS group(P0.05). There wasno significant difference in MTL between MFPN2 group and NS group(P0.05).Conclusion In the rat model of incision-al pain, intrathecal injection of naloxone at 1 ng/kg can inhibit the down-regulation of blood motillin caused by morphineand fentanyl, and which can up-regulate the PWTL, enhancing the analgesic effects of opioids.


The invention is suitable for the technical field of digital television, and provides a channel switching method and terminal equipment. The method comprises the steps of receiving a channel switching instruction comprising the name of a target channel; searching a corresponding relation between prestored information about DTV operators and a prestored DTV channel list according to the information of the DTV operators of terminal equipment and the name of the target channel, wherein the channel list comprises a channel number and at least two channel names corresponding to the channel number; if the channel number corresponding to the name of the target channel is obtained, the terminal equipment switches the current channel to the target channel according to the channel number. According to the invention, the channel switching method enables users of the terminal equipment to switch a channel anywhere according to the name of the channel, thereby realizing high efficiency of channel switching.


The paper discusses development of principle theoretic conceptions of organizational behaviour. The authors deal with dominant areas of applied researches concerned with the organizational behaviour for the recent thirty years. The article considers new theories and such key categories, as: emotional intellect, organizational civic behaviour, proactive behaviour, command activities, psychological contract.


Malay Ornament Museum Of Riau is the specialized museum that contains a collection of Malay decorative and ornament. Ornament that is stored in the museum is an architectural ornament or Riau public used in buildings (arts of Malay). Storage categories of decoration is divided into two, namely in the form of carvings and ancient manuscripts. In the design of this Ornament Museum, the main concern is the circulation in the exhibition space. Circulation must be created to make visitors enjoy all the collection without feeling bored and exhausted. In addition to circulation, to reinforse the theme of the museum, the building uses the concept of transformation of traditional Malay architecture in order to wither atmosphere can be felt throughout the building. Keyword: museum, ornament, Riau Traditional Malay.


Since last few decades, a rapid change in the generation of electricity has been seen with the world shifting from nonrenewable sources of energy towards the renewable sources with solar as the major source of electricity. In order to increase the amount of generation and reliability, this work aims to design a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm and dual axis based Solar Photo voltaic array (SPVA) which has proved to be a better solution as compared to MPPT based SPVA. All the modeling and simulation has been done in MATLAB/ Simulink.


The development of complex microelectronic systems confronts the design teams with a large variety of problems. Looking at the overall design time, validation requires in general significantly more than 50% of the resources. Furthermore, the composition of the design teams have noticeably changed: Although at the beginning of the 1990s, about one third of the design team was involved in validation issues, one decade later already over two thirds of the team was dealing with these issues. Two fundamental trends are observed in the VLSI community that contribute to the continuous increase of this effect in the future. On one hand, increasing system complexity because of tremendous advances in integration technology, and on the other hand, tighter time-to-market constraints.

Keywords:

field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs);
field-programmable interconnect components (FPICs);
field-programmable analog arrays;
chip-level emulation;
system-level prototyping


Volume replacement is the most important step in treating hypovolaemic shock. Blood is needed when the oxygen carrying capacity threatens to fall below a critical level, but has the disadvantage of transmitting virus hepatitis. Anicteric hepatitis is about four times more frequent than the icteric form. Pasteurized plasma protein solution and albumin are free from the risk of transmitting hepatitis virus, and are good volume restorers. Dextran 70 represents the best artificial colloid with additional anti-thrombotic properties. Dextran 40 is indicated in special situations to promote flow. There is no proof that large amounts of Ringer solution are superior for treating hypovolaemic shock in man compared with colloids and electrolytes.


It's coming again, the new collection that this site has. To complete your curiosity, we offer the favorite handbook of depression and anxiety a biological approach book as the choice today. This is a book that will show you even new to old thing. Forget it; it will be right for you. Well, when you are really dying of handbook of depression and anxiety a biological approach, just pick it. You know, this book is always making the fans to be dizzy if not to find.


We present a novel implementation for extremely high-resolution spectroscopy using custom-designed Fabry–Perot Interferometer (FPI) arrays. For a given telescope aperture at the seeing-limited case, these arrays can achieve resolutions well in excess of R ∼ 105 using optical elements that are orders of magnitude smaller in size than standard echelle spectrographs of similar resolution. We apply this method specifically to the search for O2 in exoplanetary atmospheres using the O2 A band at 0.76 μm and show how an FPI array composed of ∼10 etalons with parameters optimized for this science case can record R = 3–5 × 105 spectra covering the full O2 A band. Using simulated observations of the atmosphere of a transiting nearby Earth-like planet, we show how observations with an FPI array coupled to a long-slit spectrograph can reduce the number of transit observations needed to produce a 3σ detection of O2 by ∼30% compared to observations with an R = 105 echelle spectrograph. This in turn leads to a decrease in an observing program duration of several years. The number of transits needed for a 3σ detection can be further reduced by increasing the efficiency of FPI arrays using dualons (an etalon with a buried reflective layer) and by coupling the FPI array to a dedicated spectrograph optimized for the O2 A band.


ABSTRACT The collophore of Entomobrya multifasciata (Tullberg) (Collembola: Entomobryidae) is composed of four segments. The third segment telescopes in and out of the second and the fourth is an eversible vesicle that is entirely enclosed in the third when not deployed. Low temperature scanning electron micrographs document that the collophore may remain adhered to the substrate even as the springtail initiates its jump. This adherence appears to force the posterior abdomen into the air, causing the jump itself to be initiated in a forward direction and accompanied by a forward flip. Among the several other documented functions of the collophore, we suggest that it may serve to affect the direction and trajectory of the springtail during its jump.


This paper investigates the determinants of female breadwinners households, defined as households where the wife is the sole or the main earner. The economic literature has so far neglected this issue. The existing economic models of household behaviour do not directly encompass the situation of female breadwinners households. Husbands will be likely to opt for participating in the labour market at almost hundred per cent, while the same may not be true for their wives. A female breadwinner household may come about either because the husband has a lower preference for work than his wife or because he is hit by adverse circumstances, for example a decline in the demand for men with his qualification or a lay off. Positive assortative mating coupled with lesser labour market discrimination of women may also play a role. Policies that discourage secondary earners participation like, for example, joint taxation and tax credits, could possibly reinforce spouses' inequality of labour market participation and earning, where husbands ∗ Free University Amsterdam, Department of Economics, De Boelelaan 1105, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Tinbergen Institute, IZA, and Netspar. ∗∗ GREDEG, University of Nice and CNRS, Nice, and OFCE, Sciences-Po, Paris, firstname.lastname@example.com ∗∗∗ This research has benefited from a grant of the French National Research Agency, ANR. The data for this paper were made available by the INSEE. All errors are ours. would be affected by these distortions in the cases under study here. We find that in France in 2002 in one almost every five households, out of the population of couples were both spouses are aged less than fifty-five, the wife was the sole or the main earner. It is our aim to model the occurrence of female breadwinners households. We also specify an econometric model that allows for separate labour market participation equations of the two spouses, where earnings are endogenized. We use data drawn from the French Labour Force Surveys of years 1990 to 2002 to try and disentangle the impact of macro-economic trends, the situation of the local labour market, spouses' characteristics and unobservables on the occurrence of female breadwinnership. We conclude that situations were the wife is the sole earner are quite distinct from the case of higher-earnings wives and, in particular, they are more likely to be associated with lower education level of husbands. Wife higher-earnings dual-earners households are significantly associated with higher education levels of wives. Spouses' unobservables and their correlations contribute significantly to explain the occurrence of female breadwinnership.


Electric field E or electric potential plays a key role in the transport and turbulence processes in toroidal plasmas by both mean and oscillatory components. It is believed that mean radial Er suppresses the turbulence eddies via E×B shearing mechanism, while oscillatory Er (zonal flows and Geodesic Acoustic Modes, GAM) provides the mechanism of turbulence self-regulation [1]. ECRH/ECCD is a powerful tool to affect and to study hot plasmas confined in closed magnetic traps, aiming for both basic plasma physics and thermonuclear fusion research [2]. Various aspects of the ECRH (using from one to three gyrotrons, operated in second-harmonic X-mode with onand off-axis power deposition) effect on the static and oscillatory component of plasma potential were studied in two machines of similar size by Heavy Ion Beam Probing (HIBP), which is a unique diagnostics for core plasma potential, operating now on the T-10 tokamak (R=1.5m, a=0.3m, B=2.4T, PECRH = 0.4-2.4MW, fECRH=129, 144GHz) and TJ-II stellarator (<R>=1.5m, <a>=0.3m, B=1T, PECRH = 0.3-0.6MW, fECRH= 53.2GHz) [3]. Fine-focused (<1cm) and intense (150 A) Cs+ or Tl+ beams with energy up to 300 keV, equipped with advanced control systems provide measurements in wide density interval ne=(0.3–5) 1019m-3 in wide range of magnetic configurations in Ohmic and ECRH plasmas on T-10 and ECRH and NBI heated plasmas on TJ-II [4]. For any sign (positive or negative) and value of the mean electric potential of target plasmas, auxiliary ECRH pushes the potential evolution towards positive direction. So, the extra potential is always positive; it increases from 100V up to 400V with PECRH. The increase of PECRH raises the plasma electron temperature Te, that causes the raise of the electric potential, see figs.1 and 2. Contrary, decreases with plasma density raise. Plasma poloidal rotation, independently measured by HIBP with poloidal cross-phase of density perturbations, evolves accordingly [5]. Plasma potential profile evolution in the regimes with Te and ne changes is consistent with Neoclassical expectations [6]. Broadband electrostatic oscillations (up to 200 kHz) are strongly excited by ECRH in low-density plasmas of TJ-II, while for high-density plasmas, obtained in T-10 the effect found is opposite [6]. It was found in T-10 that the GAM frequency fGAM Fig. 1. Plasma potential time evolution at =0.55 during an ECRH pulse (a) in ohmic (OH) discharge of the T-10 tokamak (r=16cm corresponds to =0.55); ( =0.55)=200V. Hatched color ribbons denote the times for the profile measurements, shown in (b). The estimated error bars are in red for ECRH and in blue for OH.


In spite of the fact that Wells produced more than fifty widely read and varied novels, he has long been relegated to the back shelf of literature. This first critical study to investigate thoroughly Wells s role as a creative artist provides a reassessment of Wells as a major novelist in the perspective of twentieth-century literature, comparing him with Joyce and James."


The Endeavour Project is a collaborative venture in digital publishing being undertaken by the Centre for Cross-Cultural Research of the Australian National University and the National Library of Australia. Other major partners include the State Library of New South Wales and the Can-berra Art School. The project has two interrelated major goals. Firstly, it employs web-based hypermedia to pursue new lines of research into James Cook's first Pacific voyage (1768-71), focusing in particular on how the records of Cook's encounters with Indigenous Australian and Oceanic peoples have influenced European intellec-tual and cultural history. Secondly, the outcomes of this research are being used to develop editing standards for the preparation and delivery of historical documents in digital forms.


Engineering practice is multidisciplinary by nature. While some engineering projects may require discipline-specific specialists, the vast majority of engineering practice is carried out either by an engineering team of mixed disciplines, or by individual engineers who are competent across multiple fields. In both Canada and the US, engineering accreditation boards have recognized the need for students to develop at least a modest level of competency to function in multidisciplinary teams prior to graduation. Recognizing the growing need for enhanced design education and multidisciplinary competency for undergraduate students, in 2005 Queen's University introduced an elective series of courses known as the Multidisciplinary Design Stream (MDS), available to students from all engineering disciplines. The first course in the stream is offered over one term at the third year level and incorporates a broad range of lecture topics and interactive learning activities that are further reinforced with a concurrent design project in multidisciplinary teams of four students. The continuing course spans the final two terms at the fourth year level and enhances students' design, professional, and problem solving skills through their application in multidisciplinary teams on funded, industrysponsored projects. Every team is supervised by one or more faculty members or 'engineers in residence', all of whom have significant engineering professional practice experience. The MDS has been filled to capacity since its second year of operation. Student feedback after graduation is very positive, and client response has typically been outstanding, reinforced with a very high rate of year over year client return. Student surveys and a design skills assessment provide significant evidence of increased design competency.


The diagnosis of hypoglycaemia in patients with functioning pancreatic islet-cell adenoma or carcinoma presents difficulties'. Moreover, surgery can be hazardous in the presence of large fluctuations in blood glucose levels. In addition, multiple tumours are found in some cases'. For these reasons the artificial pancreas can be a valuable aid in the management of insulinoma3g4 and we present five cases where it


Based on the wavelet neural network, this paper proposes a new network named varying scales wavelet neural network to reduce wavelet-neuron numbers and simplify network structure. In order to prevent the network from getting into the local minimal point, entropy function is used as penalty function. The new network is applied to channel equalization. Simulation demonstrates that this network has less wavelet-neurons and recursive steps while converging to global minimal point than usual wavelet neural network equalizer.


Borescopes,based on technologically advanced optical systems,are a frequent choice in inspecting mission-critical parts or components in the turbine engines.The borescopic visual inspection,as one of an important means of NDT,has broken the traditional means of visual inspection.The real internal conditions,which are shown directly on the equipped screen,can be used to monitor the engine operation and health,and can also provide the evaluations for engine-removal and troubleshooting.


This paper proposes state-transition plane and error plane methods to identify the ADC error type (such as additive noise, multiplicative noise, jitter and harmonics) in the sine wave ADC testing, and the theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate their effectiveness. Also an ADC output waveform reconstruction algorithm which is applicable for an incoherent sampling ADC testing is proposed. These results would be useful for developing new error correction algorithms and analyzing the sine wave ADC testing theoretically as well as identifying ADC error sources.


Background: Supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children are more common. Undisplaced fractures are treated by above elbow splinting and displaced fractures are treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation. Always a controversyprevails regarding the optimal management of supracondylar humeral fractures in children. Objectives: To study the outcome of displaced supracondylar fracture of humerus treated by closed Percutaneous Cross Pinning (PCP). Patients and methods: A hospital based prospective study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospitalduring February 2015 to October 2015. The study included children between 3–12 yearsof age, with closed type II &type III supracondylar humeral fracture, extension variant, who were treated by closed reduction and Percutaneous Cross Pinning. Results: 90 patients were included in the study. Their age ranged between 3–12 years, with mean ± SD of 6.7 years ± 2.34 years. All patients were treated with closed percutaneous cross pinning with satisfactory outcome in 90% of the patients. Conclusion: PCP is safe and effective method for treatment of displaced supracondylar fractures in children. It provides good functional outcome with minimal and acceptable complication rate.


William Henry Singleton, born a slave near New Bern, is sold away from his family at age four. Taken to Atlanta, he escapes by pretending to be a lady's servant, makes his way back to New Bern. For three years he hides under the cellar of his mother's house, till he is discovered and sold again. Again he escapes. He is lured out of hiding, only to be caught and sold again. Again he escapes, this time hiding in plain sight as a bellboy in New Bern-and is found out. At last he enters the war as a Confederate officer's body servant, escapes through the U.S. Army lines, and after long trials enlists in the 1st North Carolina Colored Volunteers. In 1938, at the age of 95, he marches in the Grand Army of the Republic parade.


The usefulness of untreated (H-NM) as well as modified by sodium benzoate (H-SB) and sulfuric acid (H-SA1 and H-SA2) halloysites as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Direct Orange 26 azo dye from aqueous solutions was investigated. The kinetic data were evaluated in terms of the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order kinetic models, while the equilibrium adsorption data were analyzed by the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equations. The data follows the pseudo-second order kinetic and Langmuir adsorption models. The DO26 adsorption capacities were 64.93, 74.07, 303.0, and 384.4 μmol/g for the H-NM, H-SB, H-SA1, and H-SA2, respectively. Adsorption of the dye was strongly pH dependent; no effect of ionic strength was observed. The study revealed that halloysites, especially acid-activated halloysites, could be used as an effective and low-cost adsorbents.


Different ideas of capital maintenance decides the different accounting measurement patterns.And the "replacement cost/general purchasing power"accounting measurement pattern can not only reflect the alteration of both replacement cost,and general purchasing power,which enhance the relevance and the comparability of accounting information,make the accounting information reflect the enterprise's actual situation truly,and ensure that enterprise's production and operation capacity can't be weakened by price variation.Only do we adopt the method of carrying out "replace cost/general purchasing power" accounting measurement pattern gradually by stages,it can realize that the price variation accounting would develop continually in our country and finally achieve the combination of our country accounting system and the international accounting standards perfectly.


Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) inhibition can attenuates pulmonary fibrosis, but the antifibrotic mechanism is unclear. Here we investigated antifibrotic effect of MIF knockdown in Bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats. The result showed that MIF inhibition attenuated lung injury and extracellular matrix deposition, significantly reduced the levels of cytokines including Transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1), TNF-α, IL-17, hydroxyproline (hyp), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (Spp1), and inhibited the expression of CD68, F4/80 and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) protein. MIF inhibition is associated with reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators and macrophage infiltration in lungs. In addition, MIF knockdown in the Day14 group was significantly better than MIF knockdown in Day1 group in terms of the above cytokines. MIF knockdown in Day14 group showed a better trend than MIF knockdown in Day1 group in inhibition of hyp and α-SMA formation. Furthermore, MIF inhibition induced down-regulated the FGF23, Spp1, Itga10, Lama1, Thbs2, Serpinb5 mRNA level and p-Smad2/3 protein level. MIF knockdown may inhibit fibrosis through the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. What' more, MIF inhibition protects also against vascular remodeling via Thbs2 and Serpinb5 signaling. In summary, our study showed that knockdown of MIF can significantly inhibit lung inflammation and fibrosis in BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis rats. The future development of inhibitors targeting MIF may contribute to the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.


Recent evidence has suggested that Eysenck's neuroticism scales combine two components, one gender-free and one gender-related, and that the balance between these components varies from one edition of the scale to another. The present study explores the significance of this finding for the relationship between neuroticism and religiosity, itself a gender-related phenomenon, by calculating the correlation of each of six different measures of neuroticism with the Francis scale of attitude towards Christianity, among a sample of 177 15- and 16-year-olds. The findings support the functional equivalence of the six measures of neuroticism, in spite of different levels of gender-related content, and provide further evidence for the view that neuroticism and religiosity are uncorrelated variables.


The invention discloses a method for distinguishing the disconnection manner of a displacement transducer LVDT, which is characterized in that the method includes the following steps: 1) a primary coil of the LVDT is provided with excitation with certain frequency, and testing signals are overlaid to the output parts of two secondary coils of the LCDT; and 2) a post-stage detection circuit of the LVDT distinguishes whether the LVDT is in normal working state or not by detecting the output values Va and Vb of the two secondary coils, and detects the specific disconnection combination manner in the case of disconnection. The method directly overlays testing signals at the output ends of the two secondary coils of the LVDT, normal output values can be detected when LVDT is in normal state, and in the case of disconnection, the disconnection state of the LVDT can be distinguished by detecting the abnormal output values of the two secondary coils, and the specific disconnection manner of the LVDT can be distinguished. Therefore, the method is full in disconnection detection function.


The invention concerns the use of at least a sophorolipid in lactone form comprising a major part of diacetyl lactones as agent for stimulating skin dermal fibroblast cell metabolism and more particularly as agent for stimulating collagen neosynthesis, at a concentration of 0.01 ppm at 5 % (p/p) of dry matter in formulation. The invention is applicable in cosmetology and dermatology.


A strain of fungus from clivia was identified as Athelia rolfsii(Sx1) based on morphological observation and 18S rDNA sequence analysis. The growth curve of Athelia rolfsii determined by glucose consumption was similar to that from dry mycelium weight method. The two growth curves were as follows: the lag phase was from 0 h to 24 h, the logarithmic phase was from 24 h to 72 h. The data showed that the growth curve of Athelia rolfsii can be determined by glucose consumption.


Background: Street food consumption is a common occurrence in public places, particularly in cities where it often fulfills a basic need to the urban inhabitants. Street food vendors prepare food in informal settings and are thus exposed to climate and temperature changes, poor sanitation and unsafe water supply. This aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of food vendors in preparation of food, its storage and dispensing. Objective: The aim of the current study was to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of food vendors in preparation of food, its storage and dispensing. Materials and Methods: Cross sectional survey conducted by interviewing 120 street food vendors in two towns of the city of Peshawar. Results: Only fifty percent of participants reported hand washing before and after handling of food. More than half disagreed with the fact that street food can lead to outbreaks. Only 18 % thought that the proper training was needed to improve their practices regarding food handling despite the majority of them accepting that safe food handling as part of their responsibility. A good financial return and self-dependency were viewed as encouraging points for opting this profession. Conclusions: Street vendors form a significant source of food consumption, requiring education and interventions in order to prevent outbreaks. To cite this article [Ayub, R., Siddiqui, S., & Inamullah, M. (2017). Is Eating Out Really Safe: Assessing Attitudes and Practices of Street Vendors' in Peshawar, Pakistan. The Journal of Middle East and North Africa Sciences, 3(2), 21-24]. (P-ISSN 24129763) (e-ISSN 2412-8937). www.jomenas.org. 3


The sequence for an assembly design must be exhaustive and validated during the design process quickly to facilitate decisions made during the design process. To meet this requirement, it is essential to develop tools for generating assembly sequences. The effectiveness of an Assembly plan depends more on the way, the assembly is modeled. Using design tools, it' s easy to plan- out the skeleton of the assembly, so that individual components can be designed in the context of the overall structure. As a result, the complexity of managing various relationships between components is simplified. This paper presents a method, to assist the generation of relationships among parts of the assembly using ProToolkit objects that reflects the Pro Engineer Database. By visiting the geometric objects in a solid model, the Object Handles of all the geometric objects can be acquired. This paper also presents different applications in the Automatic Assembly domain using the geometric modeling system as a basis.


Ecstasy (MDMA) and Methylphenidate (MPH) are psychostimulants that act on monoaminergic systems. Prenatal exposure to these drugs may affect the brain maturation and induces long-term effects on the functioning of these systems. The present study was designed to explore the dopaminergic pathways in adult rats exposed to MDMA or MPH during prenatal period. Neurochemical evaluations of nigrostriatal and mesocorticolimbic pathways were performed by quantification of vesicular DA level and DA markers, such as tyrosine hydroxylase, DA transporters and receptors, in the nerve endings and body cells of dopaminergic neurons. Prenatal exposure of MDMA induces specific alterations in the midbrain and in the mesocortical dopaminergic projections with a higher vulnerability in female progeny and has little or no effect in mesolimbic and nigrostriatal projections. Inversely, a prenatal exposure to MPH led to structural alterations in these two dopaminergic pathways hightly involved in rewarding process. These findings underlined for the first time a basis for sex- and/or region-selective effects of prenatal MDMA or MPH exposure.


Objective: Prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial (SENZA-PDN) to document the impact of 10 kHz spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates there are 29 and 86 million people in the US living with diabetes and prediabetes, respectively.1 Approximately 20% of patients with diabetes will develop PDN,2 a debilitating, progressive chronic pain condition that significantly impacts patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Neither pharmacological treatments nor low-frequency SCS has provided significant, long-term relief for PDN patients;3–6 however, preliminary observational data suggest 10 kHz SCS may relieve pain and reverse sensory deficits from peripheral polyneuropathy.7 Design/Methods: In total, 216 subjects with PDN were assigned 1:1 to 10 kHz SCS combined with conventional medical management (CMM) or CMM alone. Key inclusion criteria included: clinical diagnosis of PDN with symptoms ≥12 months, average lower limb pain intensity ≥5 cm (on a 0–10 cm visual analog scale [VAS]), and appropriate candidate for SCS. Key exclusion criteria included: hemoglobin A1c >10%, daily opioid dosage >120 mg morphine equivalents, and average upper limb pain intensity ≥3 cm. The primary endpoint compares responder rates (≥50% pain relief) and safety rates between the treatment groups at 3 months. Secondary endpoints include neurological function, HRQoL, sleep quality, patient satisfaction, and cost-effectiveness data. Participant follow-up will last 24 months. Results: Enrollment in SENZA-PDN commenced in 2017 and completed in 2019. Screening 430 candidates resulted in 113 subjects randomized to 10 kHz SCS+CMM and 103 to CMM alone. Outcomes reported will include demographics, and 3-month follow-up of average VAS scores, responder rates, adverse events, neurological assessment, and other secondary and observational outcomes. Conclusions: The SENZA-PDN study is the largest RCT to date of SCS management of PDN patients and will help inform the place of 10 kHz SCS in the PDN treatment continuum. Disclosure: Dr. Petersen has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Medtronic, Neuros Medical, Nevro, and Abbott. Dr. Petersen has received compensation for serving on the Board of Directors of SynerFuse. Dr. Petersen has received research support from Medtronic, Neuros Medical, ReNeuron, and Nevro. Dr. Stauss has nothing to disclose. Dr. Scowcroft has received research support from Nevro, Saluda, Boston Scientific, Vertiflex. Dr. White has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Lilly. Dr. Sills has received research support from Nevro. Dr. Amirdelfan has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Nevro, Nalu, Saluda, Biotronik, Medtronic. Dr. Amirdelfan has received compensation for serving on the Board of Directors of Nevro, Nalu. Dr. Amirdelfan has received research support from Nevro, Biotronik, Vivex, Saluda, SPR Therapeutics. Dr. Guirguis has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Boston Scientific and Avanos. Dr. Guirguis has received research support from Abbott, Boston Scientific, Neurous, and Nevro. Dr. Xu has received research support from Nevro. Dr. Yu has received research support from Nevro. Dr. Nairizi has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Nevro, Flowonix. Dr. Galan has received research support from Medtronic, Nevro, SPR Therapeutics, St. Jude, and Biotronik. Dr. Bundschu holds stock and/or stock options in Nevro which sponsored research in which Dr. Bundschu was involved as an investigator. Dr. Bundschu has received research support from Nevro and Stimgenics. Dr. Mehta has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Nevro, Salix Pharma, Biodelivery Sciences, Sollis Therapeutics. Dr. Mehta has received research support from Nevro, Boston Scientific, Medtronic. Dr. Sayed has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Nevro. Dr. Sayed has received compensation for serving on the Board of Directors of Nevro. Dr. Sayed has received research support from Nevro. Dr. Lad has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Abbott, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Minnetronix and Nevro, Inc. Dr. Lad has received research support from Abbott, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Minnetronix and Nevro, Inc.. Dr. DiBenedetto has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sethi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Argoff has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Allergan, BDSI, Collegium, Daiichi Sakyo, Lilly, Pfizer, Teva, Regeneron, Amgen, Novartis, Scilex,. Dr. Argoff has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for Neuropathic Pain Section Co-Editor, Pain Medicine. Dr. Argoff holds stock and/or stock options in Pfizer, Inc which sponsored research in which Dr. Argoff was involved as an investigator. Dr. Argoff has received research support from Needs to be completed. Dr. Nasr has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Shire, Nevro, Eisai, Exelixis. Dr. Taylor has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Nevro, Medtronic, Saluda. Dr. Brooks has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Nevro. Dr. Brooks holds stock and/or stock options in Nevro. Dr. Subbaroyan has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Nevro Corp. Dr. Subbaroyan has received compensation for serving on the Board of Directors of Nevro Corp. Dr. Subbaroyan holds stock and/or stock options in Nevro Corp. Dr. Gliner has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Nevro Corp. Dr. Gliner holds stock and/or stock options in Nevro Corp. Dr. Caraway has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Nevro Corp. Dr. Caraway has received compensation for serving on the Board of Directors of Nevro Corp. Dr. Caraway holds stock and/or stock options in Nevro Corp. Dr. Mekhail has nothing to disclose.


This paper investigates the effect of gate oxide material variability on the analog performance of the T-gate GaN-MOS-HEMT with AlGaN gradient buffer. The different oxide materials such as HfO<inf>2</inf> (hafnium oxide), SiO<inf>2</inf> (silicon oxide), and composite HfO<inf>2</inf>-SiO<inf>2</inf> are investigated. The DC and analog performance for different gate oxides have been studied by the Atlas-Silvaco simulator. The simulated study confirmed that using the HfO<inf>2</inf> as a gate oxide significantly reduced the leakage current, a positive shift of threshold voltage (−1.5V), the higher peak of transconductance (0.11S), transconductance generation factor (75V<sup>−1</sup>), early voltage (V<inf>EA</inf>) and intrinsic gain (A<inf>v</inf>) is observed. These tremendous results confirm that the proposed structure is applicable for analog applications.


This final chapter by Christophe Bident takes in the final years of Blanchot's life up until 1997; it touches on the deaths of friends and major intellectuals of the era, on his letter-writing (notably on the Holocaust), on the re-publications of his texts, and ends with a brief, fictionalized memoir of 1994, The Instant of My Death.


The versatility of split capacitance measurements on the standard SOI gated p-i-n diodes is presented and discussed. The presence of both n+- and p+-type contacts in the same structure eliminates the floating-body and transient effects, and stands as a major advantage over the conventional MOSFETs characterization. We demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous electrical (threshold voltage for n- and p-channels) and structural (layer thickness) parameter extraction by systematic measurements and TCAD numerical simulations.


I don't often make calls on big controversial decisions because I think my job is to observe and analyse, not gamble. It's also because I am usually wrong [would you trust the judgement of someone with a West Ham season ticket?].


Agnes Heller in A Philosophy of History in Fragments refers to imagination in terms of «a secondary actor quite disregarded in modern philosophy». From this expression and following the thread of some other mentions that Heller does in her works, we will see the way in which Hannah Arendt proposes imagination in a new sense and she turns it into an indispensable actor in her rediscovery of the life of the Mind.


Objective To estimate the number of commercial female sex workers (FSWs) in entertainment establishments in a certain city of Anhui province,and provide evidence for high risk behavior intervention.Methods The list of entertainment establishments in the city was collected by field visits.The establishments providing commercial sex service were identified with the help of the key informants.Census method was employed to estimate the number of FSWs working in all the identified establishments.Results A total of 613 entertainment establishments provided commercial sex service,most establishments (53.34%) were hair-saloons,health massage centre and pedicure saloons.The number of FSWs was approximately 4545,most FSWs (32.76%) worked in sauna parlor and bath center.The entertainment establishments were classified according to the price of one sexual deal and most establishments (54.49%) were low-grade.Most FSWs (42.73%) worked in the mid-grade establishments.Conclusions The distribution of the entertainment establishments providing commercial sex service and FSWs is related to area,population and economy.

Key words:
HIV;  Famale commercial sex workers;  Population size estimation;  Entertainment establishments


Objective and background:  To investigate the duration of bronchodilator action of a salmeterol/fluticasone combination (SFC) inhaler when administered in the evening to children with asthma.


Coupled hydro-mechanical (HM) processes in pre-existing discontinuities (geological) and developing cracks (fractures) are important in many fields of engineering (e,g. Dams, Oil or Environmental). In these situations, flow through the discontinuity is influenced by its deformation through changes in the permeability and the storage capacity. At the same time, changes in fluid pressure result in changes in the effective stress distribution, and the subsequent closure, opening or even propagation of the discontinuity. The problem becomes more complicated when the medium that contains the discontinuity is porous, since fluid exchange between both may appear and HM coupling must be considered also in the porous domain.
The thesis formulates the HM coupled problem in jointed or susceptible of fracturing geomaterials by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM) with "zero-thickness" interface elements and double nodes to discretize and describe the HM behavior of discontinuities. Each element (continuum and interface) is formulated in terms of the displacements (u) and the fluid pressure (p) at nodes. After assembly, a particular expression of the traditional "u-p" system of coupled equations is obtained, which is highly non-linear due to the strong dependence between the permeability and the aperture of discontinuities. Poro-elasticity is assumed in the continuum. The cubic law is considered to govern the longitudinal flow along an open discontinuity, whereas for a closed or filled discontinuity Darcy's law can be used along the plane. The influence of a transversal potential drop is introduced by means of a transversal transmissivity that takes into account the existence of impermeable material within a discontinuity. The constitutive model that relates effective stresses to relative displacements in the interface depends on the type of problem being analyzed (pre-existing joint: rock mechanics based model; developing crack: fracture mechanics based model).
The "u-p"


Serum PG 1 levels are raised in children with CP associated gastritis and lower after eradication of the mico-organistn. To assess whether PG 1 levels are related to the severity of antral inflammation we studied 28 chidren 6-15 y ears old (15 males) with superficial chronic antral gastritis: 19 were CP carriers (CP+) and 9 were CP negative (CP-). Antral biopsy specimens were obtained with a pediatric forceps at endoscopy. They were stained with H & E and Giemsa, only those containing muscolaris mucosa were considered. Density of lamina propria inflammatory cell infiltration, and numbers of intraepithelial mononuclear cells and granulocytes were evaluated and graded 0 to 3. Serum PG 1 was determined by RIA. Mean serum PG 1 (± 1SD) was 72±24 ng/ml in CP+ and 45±8 ng/ml in CP-. children (p<.005). Mean total inflammation score was 6 in CP+ and 2.5 in CP-. patients (p<.01), the most significant difference was found in the lamina propria inflammation score (p<.001). Serum PG 1 levels were significantly correlated with total inflammation scores (Spearman's rho = .874, p<.01) in CP+ but not in CP- children.Conclusions: serum PG1 level can be considered an index of severity of antral inflammation in children with CP gastritis.


This article discusses selected topics on the enforcement of international arbitration agreements in Chinese courts, i.e. standard of reviewing the arbitration agreement; the law applicable to and the scope of the arbitration agreement; and referral to arbitration at the case filing and post-filing stage, as well as in multi-party proceedings. Chinese courts rarely deal with issues which may lead to full inquiry into the parties' intent. Yet when Chinese law applies to the arbitration agreement, Chinese courts engage in more detailed review of the arbitration agreement than when foreign law applies. Usually, the formal validity of an arbitration agreement is regulated by Article II of the (New York) Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards which requires agreements in writing. It is an open question whether an arbitration agreement can be enforced by Chinese courts if it does not meet the form requirement of Article II, but satisfies the more lenient requirements of Chinese law. In recent practice, the substantive validity of an arbitration agreement is often governed by, in order of priority, the law chosen by the parties, the lex loci arbitri, or the lex fori. There seems to be an increasing consensus among Chinese courts that interpretation of scope of the arbitration agreement should not be based on the plaintiff 's chosen classification of the disputes. In interpreting the scope of an arbitration agreement, Chinese courts now tend to give equally broad interpretations to terms such as 'disputes in respect of ', 'disputes arising under', 'disputes arising out of ', 'disputes arising from', etc. Referral to arbitration by Chinese courts can take place at two stages. At the case filing stage, an arbitration agreement should be reviewed by Chinese courts ex officio, but upon the parties' request at the post-filing stage. Allocation of burden of proof in establishing a valid arbitration agreement deserves attention. Referral to arbitration encounters difficulties in cases involving counterclaims, and in multi-party proceedings concerning a compulsory joinder of parties to the arbitration agreement and a third party.


(57) A method for supplying inert gas to a side track buffer (STB) in a semiconductor wafer production system includes a step of sensing that a front opening unified POD (FOUP) is loading on the STB and generating a first input signal, and a step of opening a valve for inert gas and Supplying nitrogen gas to the FOUP based on the first input signal, and to a semiconductor wafer production system using the method. ABSTRACT


The third and enlarged edition of Professor H. ZONDEK'S book The Diseases of thg Endocrine Glands' is published in English, the author having left Germany. It is primarily designed for the clinician, and is based on certain fundamental hypotheses which may be stated thus: the effect of a hormone is a variable quantity, depending on the condition of the organ on which it acts at the moment; changes in endocrine glands should not always be regarded as the cause of disease, for such changes may be a response to morbid processes located in other organs ; the endocrine system is but one link in the chain of the vegetative functions of the organism. In this way the author provides a useful corrective to the tendency to overestimate the role of hormones. Historically it is interesting to note that in 1775 Bordeu wrote: " Every organ serves as a workshop for the preparation of a specific substance which enters into the blood; such substances are useful to the body and are needed in order to maintain its integrity." Here, indeed, was the germ of the idea of internal secretion, which was, however, to lie dormant for more tharl a century. For although Claude Bernard is generally regarded as the originator in 1885 of the idea of internal secretion, his conception was limited to the maintenance of a constant composition of the blood by this means. Brown-Sequard started the modern interest in the subject, though his data were both inadequate and inaccurate. When in 1905 Starling introduced, at Hardy's suggestion, the word " hormone " for the chemical messengers produced in ductless glands, the name gained immediate and general acceptance. Schafer pointed, out that, by derivation, this term should be restricted to stimulating substances, and tried to introduce the name " chalones " for secreticns having an inhibitory effect; but all in vain-the firstcomer was already an established favourite. One of the most interesting sections of the book is that dealing with the general mode of action of endocrines. Organisms primitively responded to chemical stimuli before a centralized nervous system was evolved, and we are accustomed, therefore, to think of the endocrines as a persistent but specialized form of chemotaxis. But we are reminded that phylogenetically the endocrine gland system was a comparat-ively late arrival. With phylogenetic development reaction to the hormones becomes more and more specific. While appreciating the value of Dodds's work on synthetic compounds of anthracene which can induce effects simiilar to those of


The major challenge of the power electronics design is to be cost effective while fulfilling the reliability requirements. Since the thermal cycling is one of the most severe causes of failure in power electronics, this paper presents a test bench for the thermal testing of power converters. This is particularly important for modular power converters consisting of several building blocks, which cannot be tested easily. For thermal design evaluation it is proposed to test the building blocks under real mission profiles. As a study case, the thermal behavior of an Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) is given to demonstrate the approach.


Singapore is only a very small country, but an article on physics in Singapore should not be of too narrow interest because many of the problems encountered there are also found in a large number of other developing countries in Asia and Africa. A second article, on the education of scientists in Singapore, will be appearing in Physics Education, so that here it need only be pointed out that there are two universities, the University of Singapore, where instruction is in English, and Nanyang University, where lectures are given in Chinese.


Disclosed example method for neighboring network information request to a device, comprising: encoding a neighboring network information request; the request to the authentication server for the neighboring network information. The example method further comprising: receiving a response to the request; acquiring neighboring network information contained in the response; and decoding the neighboring network information. Storing the decoded neighboring network information.


The attribute of touring experience determines that tourism is the pioneer of experiencing the economic times. After analyzing the relationship between tour and experiences, this paper proposes that the developing of the tourism in economic times is providing personal experiencing souvenirs according to the demands of tourists, and creating touring experience for customers.


Abstract : With increased budget cuts and an aging aircraft fleet, the Air Force is looking for innovative ways to reduce procurement, transportation, and inventory costs of tools, parts and supplies. In particular, traditional manufacturing, taking inventory, and transporting aircraft parts and supplies can be slow, costly, hazardous to personnel, and dangerous for the environment. The new manufacturing technology called 3D printing, also known as Additive Manufacturing has been held out as a possible way to reduce repair time, costs of procurement, transportation, and inventory costs, while also being safer, less labor intensive, and more environmentally sound than traditional manufactured replacement parts.


Inaugural lecture - the interrelated development of capitalism and mathematics, Charles Moraze. Part I Theoretical approaches to social change. Part II Factors contributing to social change in history. Part III Protagonists and varieties of social change.


When using a high-speed camera as a recording device to measure the displacement or position of an object, the problem of parallax must be properly accounted for, or significant errors in measured positions can occur. In this paper, an experiment to measure the elastic properties of several golf balls of varying construction is described. The goal of the experiment was to verify whether a correlation exists between a ball's coefficient-of-restitution (COR) and the frequency of its lowest structural vibration mode. Balls were dropped from a height onto a rigid surface and the COR was obtained by taking the ratio of speeds just before and just after impact with the rigid surface. Balls were dropped and bounced in front of a scale with fine graduation markings. Video recorded with a high-speed camera was processed using tracking software to measure the ball's position and velocity as a function of time. However, parallax due to the camera field of view introduced significant error into measurement of positio...


The current study was conducted to make pre-post comparisons of education done for 119 emergency medical technicians (EMT) on the patient assessment performance. The data are expected to offer applicable training methods and educational resources for emergency medical services. Twenty six EMT from four cities and provinces participated in the study, which was carried out from 14 to 17 December, 2015. The technicians performed a patient assessment and marked reports on simulated patients. In the course of the assessment, a pre-post evaluation of education was done using a checklist regarding the respective symptoms, such as headache, chest pain, and dyspnea. The median value (quartile value) was used as the descriptive analysis. While patient assessment scores marked 66 points (54.00-80.25) out of 100 (p<0.01) before education, there was a significant increase in the after-education scores, which reached 88.5 points (80.00-93.00). The patient assessment performances revealed a significant increase (p<.0.01) in 5 chest pain, 7 headache, and 9 dyspnea items after education. Similarly, there was an increase in wanting to meet the EMT again scale in regards to categories involved in developing positive relations with patients. Moreover, the adequacy in the patient condition reports all marked a significant increase (p<0.01) in assessment categories. The present study shows that education based on simulation practices are necessary for improvements in patient assessment performance of 119 EMT. Therefore, practical and systematic patient assessment educations may serve as a prerequisite. Further opportunities should be provided for the EMT consistently.


Waste reduction has been an important topic for many years. This awareness links to the essential knowledge that natural recycling will take a long time for particular waste, and each one will damage the environment. In Indonesia, rubber waste is another thing to which we must pay attention besides plastic waste. This rubber waste is mostly contributed by tire product: the vital part of a vehicle to run its movement function. End-user customers or the industrial sector could produce this waste. According to BPS (Statistic Indonesia; locally known as Badan Pusat Statistik) data, the number of four-wheeled vehicles continues to increase every year. With more than 16 million units at the end of 2018, an annual growth rate has reached 6.9% since 2014, suggesting that rubber waste will be in a linear amount and needs to be reduced. Particularly for tires, reuse of unused in the downstream (end consumers) is an effort to reduce waste. In contrast, in the upstream (industrial sector), waste reduction can be done by improving production strategies. A case study conducted on a tire manufacturer in Indonesia shows a strong relationship between yield and scrap rate, which of course, will have an impact on waste products. This paper aims to understand and analyze manufacturing's role in controlling tire waste due to failing products using a conceptual model with a system dynamics approach. This conceptual model can be used to evaluate manufacturing activities in producing waste.


ABSTRACT Point source sensors and plant growth variables were used to characterize the microclimate of a greenhouse grown cucumber crop. Diurnal cycles and/or vertical profiles of solar radiation, air movement, leaf and air temperature, humidity, transpiration rate, and stomatal resistance, as well as plant architectural parameters were reported. Canopy leaf temperature with high solar radiation was found considerably lower than greenhouse air temperature due to high transpiration rate.


A 40-year-old man presented in June 2016 for a dermatological opinion of a secondary eruption on the right side of his neck that had developed after varicella zoster infection. The patient had a history of polycythaemia vera (PV), which had been managed since 2008 by venesections to maintain a packed cell volume of < 0.45 fL, along with aspirin. Additional treatment with pegylated interferon for 7 months (January 2014 to July 2014) had to be stopped because of suicidal thoughts. Hydroxyurea treatment had been started in October 2015, increasing to a dose of 500 mg on alternate days. In November 2015, the patient developed shingles in the right C2 and C3 dermatomes, with right-sided motor neuropathy. PCR of viral swab detected varicella zoster virus and the patient was subsequently treated with oral valaciclovir for 6 weeks, which cleared the vesicular rash. A month later, a secondary rash developed in the area previously affected by shingles, and the patient reported an increase in fatigue and weakness. His medical history was also notable for a previous transient ischaemic attack, testicular hypogonadism, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, iron deficiency secondary to venesections, partially treated vitamin D deficiency and mild obstructive sleep apnoea. He had no known drug allergies, and his concomitant medications were canedsartan, atorvastatin, aspirin, testosterone replacement and omeprazole. Photographs taken by the patient on his mobile phone in November 2015 confirmed a vesicular eruption on an erythematous base with a C2 and C3 distribution (Fig. 1a). Clinical examination of the rash when he presented to us in June 2016 revealed erythematous, pigmented, flat-topped papules in the areas of previous shingles (Fig. 1b). He also had erythema beginning to pigment on his forehead, eyelids and back, as well as periungually, over his knuckles, down the fingers and on his elbows (Fig. 1c). Lichenoid changes in the mouth were also noted at the time. Blood tests revealed haemoglobin 117 g/L, packed cell volume 0.39 fL and mean cell volume 76 fL. The remainder of the laboratory results, including full blood count, urea and electrolytes, liver and thyroid function, lipid profile, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein, were normal. Creatinine kinase (CK) level was 953 U/L. Antinuclear antibody and myositis-specific antiextractable nuclear antigens were negative.


Silica gel promotes the selective dehydration of glycine to form intermediate glycylglycine, with inhibition of the formation of stable glycine anhydride and polymer products. IR measurements indicate that glycine adsorbed on silica gel results in the formation of neutral species having CO and NH2 groups. The species is considered to stimulate dehydration, leading to the reported selective dehydration. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The author investigates the existence of solutions of periodic boundary value problems for second order integro-differential equation with mixed-type in Banach spaces.By the Mnch fixed point theorem and an inequality,the existence of its solutions is obtained.The result improves and generalizes the specific ones,since it has considered influence of a derivative item and the integral operator item with a fixed limits.


Peter B. Seel Digital Universe: The Global Telecommunication Revolution. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. 276 pp.The challenge of every revolution is how to understand it-how to define it, how to see its limits, and how to figure out what it means. Yet even to be able to look around in the midst of revolutionary upheaval and to be able to see and identify what is hap- pening is always a notable achievement. This is Peter Seel's book. He classifies the evolving technological changes, gives them historical and cultural context, and intro- duces the reader to constructs important to our understanding of new media.The dinosaur that is print media-threatened with extinction for the past twenty- five years at least-is now rapidly disappearing from the digital landscape and being replaced by multimedia and cross-platform approaches to information dissemination. The broad, umbrella term is convergence, which has game-changing implications for the form of media content, for the process of content dissemination, for the nature of the "timeliness" element of news, for the evolution of "news" into "infotainment," for the different models of media control now sanctioned under the First Amendment's guarantee of a free press, for the changing public willingness to accept more govern- ment control and less and less (and less and less and less . . . ) privacy than in the recent past, and for the gratifications received from mediated content.Professor Seel's approach to the digital revolution is simple, straightforward, and noteworthy. He divides the main part of his book into four sections: theories and theo- rizing about the digital universe, history and development of ARPANET and its distrib- uted communication network that is the Internet today, technological convergence, and issues of public and private control of distributed communication. If Professor Seel has a shortcoming in these sections, it is the inclusion of a potentially overwhelming number of acronyms-even though he includes a helpful "key terms" table-and the number of theorizing "fathers" of our digital world, from Harold Innis to Steve Jobs, from Jacques Ellul to Thomas Friedman, and from Ted Nelson to Fernand Braudel.Professor Seel attempts to reign in this mass of information by mentioning, for example, Marshall McLuhan, but not including any further specifics or discussion of his theorizing about the global village and its creation of messages and meaning. Yet whatever one believes about McLuhan as a communication scholar, Professor Seel would have done well to consider including the seminal 1966 New Yorker cartoon by Alan Dunn, in which a college student explains McLuhan's theorizing to his distressed father, who is intellectually lost despite his own obvious education:You see, Dad, Professor McLuhan says the environment that man creates becomes his medium for defining his role in it. …


Quizalofop-resistant wheat is the core component of the recently commercialized CoAXium™ Wheat Production System. As with other herbicides, quizalofop provides better weed control at early growth stages and under optimum temperature. However, in regions with winter wheat production, quizalofop application may be affected by unpredictable, rapid temperature decreases. Temperature shifts can cause crop injury or impact weed control efficacy. In the following study, we examine the effect of reduced temperature on quizalofop content and metabolism in CoAXium™ winter wheat and three winter weed species: downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), feral rye (Secale cereale L.), and jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica Host). Temperature conditions include either 19 or 4.5°C daytime temperatures with tissue sampling over 5 timepoints (1–16 or 18 days after treatment, DAT). Analysis features liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection of the active form of quizalofop, quizalofop acid. Quizalofop content trends reveal delayed metabolism under cooler conditions for wheat and weeds. Quizalofop content peaks within 1–2 DAT in the warmer temperatures for all species and decreases thereafter. In contrast, content peaks between 8 and 9 DAT at cooler temperatures except for downy brome. Minimal decreases in content over time generally follow cooler temperature peaks. Further, the absence of differences in maximum quizalofop content in all species suggests absorption and/or de-esterification of quizalofop proherbicide to the active form is not reduced at cooler temperatures. Final dry shoot tissue biomass does not necessarily correspond to differences in metabolism, as biomass of wheat treated with a field rate of quizalofop does not differ between temperatures. Weeds were treated with sublethal doses of quizalofop in order to monitor herbicide metabolism without causing plant death. Under this condition, weed biomass only differs for jointed goatgrass, which has a greater biomass in the cooler temperature.


The invention discloses a bike saddle with a direction and height adjustment function. The bike saddle comprises a seat body and a seat supporting frame, wherein a seat cushion is arranged right above the seat body; the seat cushion is in the form of a double-layer surface cover; an inflating layer is also arranged in the seat cushion; the seat body and the ground are kept horizontal; an inclined rod supporting frame is connected below the seat body; the lower part of the middle pedestal of the seat body is provided with a horizontal adjusting press button; the relative position of the seat body to the inclined rod supporting frame can be adjusted through the horizontal adjusting press button. According to the bike saddle with direction and height adjustment function, the structure is simple; moreover, the height and the direction are easily adjusted; the height requirement of a rider is furthest met; the saddle is comfortable.


Background:  Respiratory viruses, predominantly rhinoviruses are the major cause of asthma exacerbations. Impaired production of interferon‐β in rhinovirus infected bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) and of the newly discovered interferon‐λs in both BECs and bronchoalveolar lavage cells, is implicated in asthma exacerbation pathogenesis. Thus replacement of deficient interferon is a candidate new therapy for asthma exacerbations. Rhinoviruses and other respiratory viruses infect both BECs and macrophages, but their relative capacities for α‐, β‐ and λ‐interferon production are unknown.


This study aims to investigate the seasonal fluctuation in the level of air quality, determine the most discriminating parameters in each season and identify the possible sources of pollution over a period of 13years (1999-2011). Two monsoon seasons (northeast and southwest monsoon) were selected because of their difference in formation, time of occurrence and climatic characteristics. The air quality and meteorological observation data such as particulate matter (PM 10 ), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), ambient temperature and wind speed for a period of thirteen years (1999-2011) were obtained from Department of Environment Malaysia (DOE). The results revealed that, the Discriminant Analysis (DA) provided better results with great discriminatory ability using six (6) parameters ( p < 0.05) with a correct assignation of 82.13%. Further, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for the northeast and southwest monsoon accounted for more than 51% and 61.40% of the total variance respectively. The sources of pollutants for both seasons are from anthropogenic activities and natural factors (point and non-point sources). The bar chart plotted for each season show that atmospheric air pollutants reaches maximum level during the southwest monsoon season and drops during the northeast monsoon. Multivariate technique serves as a tool for understanding the seasonal variation in air pollution. These findings can be used for planning and policy making by stakeholders by re-enforcing the Malaysian air quality standard.


From the author's basic model on how charities should approach companies, 'The Company as a Resource', this paper offers a further and more detailed framework to encompass the major factors that must be identified, considered and developed to ensure success towards the year 2000 in the field of corporate fundraising. By breaking down the general environment and relating key success factors to different elements he offers practical advice and guidance for developing this area.


(Editor's note: This article was originally preparedfor Hearings on black male employment held by the U.S. House of Representatives Select Committee on children, youth, and family, July 25, 1989.)


Lower limb dysfunction hinders the locomotive activity in individuals and compels them to use assistive devices such as prostheses or orthoses to restore the missing locomotive functions. Passive assistive devices have limitations in replacing the lost functionality. On the other hand, active devices could restore more natural locomotion using motorized joints. To make proper use of these embedded motors, a control architecture is required to translate the motion intent of the user into the intended prosthesis joint trajectories. In this article, we propose a temporal convolution-based online foot angle trajectory prediction network (FATP-N) that predicts the foot angular positions during unconstrained walking from the shank angular position measured using a single wearable motion tracker sensor. The data acquisition experiments were designed to reflect natural gait with turns, varying inclines, speeds, and mixed cadences. The trained models were prepared for real-time prediction by compressing them to reduce the storage and time complexity. The validations were performed on different motion conditions, including those that have not been used for model training, to verify the robustness of the model. The proposed FATP-N achieved high accuracy and could generate predictions in real time. The results indicate that the proposed approach offers a possible architecture for real-time control of powered intelligent prostheses.


The objective of this work was to evaluate the potentiality of the reuse of fish processing wastewater by association between biological and chemical treatment. Heterotrophic microalgae systems were used in the biological treatment and coagulation–flocculation–sedimentation in the chemical step. Ammonia, chemical oxygen demand, total solids, suspended solids, turbidity, phosphorous, alkalinity, hardness, silica, sulfate, aluminium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, ferric and pH were determined in each stage of treatment. The results obtained showed the potentiality of the proposed process for reuse of fish processing wastewater. Among the water quality criteria evaluated, the treated wastewater complies with the Brazilian and US standards for water reuse in cooling systems.


In order to improve the comprehensive value of rapeseed meal,hot-water extraction followed by ion precipitation was applied to prepare polyphenols from rapeseed meal.Using an orthogonal array design based on one-factor-at-a-time experiments,the optimal extraction conditions were determined as 50 ℃ of extraction temperature,75 min of extraction time,1:13 of material-to-liquid ratio,and 2 of repeated extraction number.Moreover,the largest amount of rapeseed polyphenols was precipitated by adding a 1.5-fold weight excess of ZnCl2 and adjusting the pH to 6.0.The obtained rapeseed polyphenols were light yellow powder and showed a yield of 1.66% and a purity of 90.03%.


PURPOSE: Provided is the use of β-glucan for inhibiting lipid accumulation and stimulating lipolysis. Therefore, the β-glucan can be used in the prevention and treatment of obesity, in particular abdominal obesity. CONSTITUTION: β-glucan is characteristically used for the inhibition of lipid accumulation and stimulation of lipolysis. The β-glucan is produced by fermentation of yeasts, mushrooms, grain and microorganisms, and added to foods in the amount of 0.1-5 wt.%.weeks.


ABSTRACT This work assesses the role of the operational conditions upon the electro-activation of persulfate (PS) using sacrificed iron electrode as a continuous low-cost Fe2+ source. An aqueous phenol solution (100 mg L−1) was selected as model effluent. The studied variables include current density (1–10 mA cm−2), persulfate concentration (0.7–2.85 g L−1), temperature (30–90°C) and the solution conductivity (2.7–20.7 mS cm−1) using Na2SO4 and NaCl as supporting electrolyte. A mineralization degree of around 80% with Na2SO4 and 92% in presence of NaCl was achieved at 30°C using 2.15 g L−1 PS at the lowest current density tested (1 mA cm−2). Besides PS concentration, temperature was the main variable affecting the process. In the range of 30–70°C, it showed a positive effect, achieving TOC conversion above 95% (using Na2SO4 under the previous conditions) along with a significant increase in iron sludge, which adversely affects the economy of the process. A lumped and simplified kinetic model based on persulfate consumption and TOC mineralization is suggested. The activation energy obtained for the TOC decay was 29 kJ mol−1. An estimated operating cost of US$ 3.00 per m3 was obtained, demonstrating the economic feasibility of this process.


THE need .for psychological tests in the Veterans Administration's counseling program is recognized in the vocational rehabilitation provision of Public Law 16, 78th Congress, and in the educational provisions of Public Law 346,78th Congress. Since these provisions are concerned with the veteran's vocational and educational adjustment, the Veterans Administration adheres to the policy, that to accomplish such adjustment, accurate information must be provided not only on vocational and educational standards and opportunities, but also on the abilities, aptitudes, interests, and other personality traits of the veteran. To obtain the latter type of information a comprehensive testing program is considered to be indispensable. As employed in the Veterans Administration tests constitute one of the important sources of information in the comprehensive description of the individual for guidance purposes. They owe their place in the counseling procedure to their quantitative and relatively objective character and, when used in conjunction with such other data as school and employment records, summaries of interviews, ratings, military records, and case histories, round out the picture of the individual. In effective counseling, tests do perform their function alone but are always presented in the framework of the life pattern of the individual. The importance of the framework or context cannot be over-emphasized. It is only when a particular


Scientific attitude is important for every person for development. The present study was aimed to scientific attitude in adolescents with the help game based learning programme. Multi method research was used for present study. Sample consist of 51 students of IX standard, studying in Marathi medium school affiliated SSC board, Pune. Data was collected with the help of Scientific attitude scale constructed by Dr.Kaur & Dr.Gakhar. The findings of the study indicated that with the help of game based learning programme scientific attitude of adolescent students improves