Wireless sensor networks produce a large amount of data that needs to be processed, delivered, and assessed according to the application objectives. Cluster-based is an effective architecture for data-gathering in wireless sensor networks. Clustering provides an effective way for prolonging the lifetime of a wireless sensor network. Current clustering algorithms usually utilize two techniques, selecting cluster heads with more residual energy and rotating cluster heads periodically, in order to distribute the energy consumption among nodes in each cluster and extend the network lifetime. Clustering sensors are divided into groups, so that sensors will communicate information only to cluster heads and then the cluster heads will communicate the aggregated information to the processing center, and this may save energy. In this paper we show Two Relay Sensor Algorithm (TRSA), which divide wireless Sensor Network (WSN) into unequaled clusters, showing that it can effectively save power for maximizing the life time of the network. Simulation results show that the proposed unequal clustering mechanism (TRSA) balances the energy consumption among all sensor nodes and achieves an obvious improvement on the network lifetime.


Spontaneous gallbladder perforation is a very rare condition in infants. Most gallbladder perforations occur in adults, frequently due to trauma. Ultrasound, peritoneal lavage, and retrograde cholangiography may give indirect evidence of the possibility of this condition. There is no definitive diagnostic modality that can definitely determine the diagnosis in such cases. A case of gallbladder perforation with localized biliary ascites detected on radionuclide hepatobiliary imaging is presented.


Persistent photoconductivity (PPC) effect has been observed in p-type GaN epilayers grown both by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and reactive molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) as well as in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system formed by an AlGaN/GaN heterostructure grown by MOCVD. Its properties have been investigated at different conditions.


Breech presentation occurs in 3% to 4% of all singleton pregnancies at term.1 Historically, management options for the term breech patient have been breech vaginal delivery, external cephalic version (ECV) and cesarean delivery. Since publication of the Term Breech Trial in 2000,2 there has been a shift away from vaginal breech delivery and an increase in rates of cesarean delivery.3 Since then, long-term outcomes after 2-year follow-up from that cohort did not show a difference in death or neurodevelopmental delay,4 but other cohorts have shown an increase in neonatal death or morbidity associated with vaginal breech delivery.5 Vaginal breech can be offered in selected cases, but because of limited training and experience, cesarean delivery rates will likely continue to be the predominant mode of delivery for this group of patients. Alternatively, ECV should be considered as patients approach term to decrease the rate of cesarean delivery. Incorporating ECV into routine practice may produce a decrease in morbidity and also has the potential to decrease health care costs.6 Success rates for the procedure range from 30% to 86%, with an average success rate of 58%.7 Despite the likely benefits afforded by ECV, the procedure is not routinely considered, thus resulting in a gap between present and ideal practice. Given the potential value and the wide range of success rates as described, a thorough understanding of patient selection and ECV techniques would be helpful to practicing obstetrician/gynecologists. The goal of this article is to provide a review of ECV to improve vaginal delivery rates and help guide the clinician in counseling patients about version.


PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing heavy metal absorbers is provided to simultaneously obtain the absorbing capability of a ceramic porous element and the absorbing capability of iron hydroxide generated in the porous element. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing heavy metal absorbers includes the following: iron salt is formed into pellets in which the diameters of particles are more than or equal to 2mm; ceramic porous surface layers are formed on the surface of the pellets; bi-layered porous elements are formed; and the porous elements are cured at a temperature between the room temperature and 200 degrees Celsius. The iron salt is iron sulfate salt or iron chloride salt.


A study was carried out in Santiago, Chile, with 16 elementary school teachers, in order to identify the elements involved in their social representation (SR) of education. A qualitative approach was used, based on individual and group interviews, using Glasser and Strauss's Grounded Theory (1987) for data analysis. The evidence shows that the construction of SR by these teachers involves personal and contextual factors; the most significant aspects were teacher's professional training and his/her personal view of education, on one hand, and parental unconcern regarding children's education, as perceived by the teachers, on the other. These factors are structured around a central axis, which refers to the idea of personal development, on which teacher's concept of education is based.


Mobile devices get highly developed recently, but the energy supple of mobile devices still need to be optimized. This paper investigates wireless power transfer for mobile applications. The energy supplied by DC source is transferred through primary coil to the secondary coil using the principle of electromagnetic induction. A novel inductance structure is adopted at the primary coil to improve the quality factor of primary coil in a large range. The Q value of the primary coil used this novel structure can reach more than 600, and the overall efficiency can reach 75%. The maximum power transmission distance can reach 9cm at a resonant frequency of 104 KHz and more than one device can be charged for a multiple switch unit is implemented in primary subsystem. This research can make people charging more convenient, save the charging time when there are more than one mobile devices.


Introduction Toucanets, along with toucans and aracaris, belong to the New World family Ramphastidae, which is comprised of six genera and forty-one species. As the term implies, the toucanet is a smaller version of the toucan, and may often appear not to be related at all. Certainly the emerald toucanet fits here, for it is one of the smallest of the Ramphistids, whose bill more closely resembles that of a large barbet rather than the flamboyant blade of the more closely related toco toucan - a fellow family member. Description The emerald toucanet (A ulachorynchus prasinus) is almost entirely emerald green with the following exceptions: throat light greenish white, tips of tail feathers, underside of tail and vent reddish brown, legs and feet gray, eye ring and iris black, upper mandible of beak predominantly yellow with central portion brown, lower mandible maroon brown tipped in yellow. Sexes are indistinguishable except for beak length, the female's being shorter. In captivity the emerald green color fades to a bluish green unless the birds are color fed with a carotinoid base food additive as is commonly done with flamingoes, scarlet ibis and red factor canaries. Range The Emerald toucanet has a limited distribution as Ramphastids go. It ranges from southeastern Mexico (state of Vera Cruz) to northern Nicaragua. It inhabits the humid mountain forests of the highlands and locally the wooded foothills. When not breeding the emerald is found in small flocks in the forest canopy foraging for fruit and berries. They nest in hollow trees during March to April laying two white eggs. Captive Environment A large 16' x 16' x 9' flight was prepared as a potential breeding facility for one pair of emerald toucanets. The rear wall of the flight as well as the adjoining four feet of both walls and roof were constructed of plywood, forming a solid shelter against wind and rain. The remainder oft he flight walls and roof were constructed of Y2" x 1/2" mesh welded wire stretched over frames of redwood 2 x 4's. The flight was completely open on the inside allowing unlimited access between shelter and screen area. No other heat or weather precautions were taken. ln the open portion of the flight in one corner a multi-forked branch was hung, which became the night roost for the pair. In the shelter a perch of ·Yi" dowel was suspended six feet from the ground. In one corner of the shelter a six foot long palm log of undetermined species was erected. This log had previously been hollowed out to a depth of two to three feet and was donated by Dale Thompson in 1977. It had previously housed woodpeckers and crimson-rumped toucanets. Near the opposite side of the shelter, away from the nest log a feeding station was provided. This station consisted of a platform two feet from the ground and was secured to a small post. By placing a mild insecticide such as Malathion dust around the post, ants were deterred from dining on the fruit offered the toucanets. The flight was devoid of any vegetation except for bermuda grass and spontaneous weeds growing on the ground. Subsequent experiences with planted flights for Ramphastids has taught that they will playfully pluck all leaves off whatever plants are provided, unless the plants are hardy, fast growing, outnumber the birds significantly, and the birds weary of the pastime. Breeding Into the above flight was placed a single pair of emerald toucanets obtained in 1976. In the spring of 1977 the birds twice attempted to rear young, but were unsuccessful as reported in a previous issue of Watch bird. In early May 1978 the pair was once again observed actively excavating the log nesting cavity. By mid-May the birds were incubating eggs, though they would usually leave the nest at the sound of approaching visitors. The hen did most of the incubation and brooding of the young. On May 27, 1978 the faint sounds of young nestlings could be heard. Since it is not exactly known when incubation began, no definite incubation period was determined, however, it is somewhere between two to three weeks. On June 15th nestling sounds ceased. An inspection of the nest was made by laying the log on the ground and gently tilting the bottom skyward until the contents rolled to the entrance hole (the only access to the log). Two babies appeared alive and well. Both young had developed pinfeathers, though one was significantly larger than the other. On July 2, 1978 the first youngster appeared at the nest entrance, but did not fledge until July 3rd. Once the first youngster left the nest, the second youngster appeared at the nest entrance, fledging the following day. During the first few days out of the nest, the young toucanets were very flighty and uncoordinated. At the slightest disturbance they would fly into the wire through which their beaks would protrude, causing beak damage and ultimately breaking off the beak tips in both birds. These tips, fortunately, regrew and resumed their normal appearance within six months. It was nearly a month after fledging before the clumsy, panic flying behavior ceased.


Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that promotes cellular homeostasis and health. Although exercise is a well-established inducer of this pathway, little is known about the effects of different types of training protocols on the autophagy levels of tissues that are tightly linked to the obesity pandemic (like brown adipose tissue) but not easily accessible in humans. Here, we take advantage of animal models to assess the effects of short- and long-term resistance and endurance training in both white and brown adipose tissue, reporting distinct alterations in autophagy proteins LC3B and p62. For instance, both short-term endurance and resistance training protocols increased the levels of these proteins in white adipose tissue before this similarity diverges during long training, while autophagy regulation appears to be far more complex in brown adipose tissue. Additionally, we also analyzed the repercussion of these interventions in fat tissues of mice lacking autophagy protease ATG4B, further assessing the impact of exercise in these dynamic, regulatory organs (which are specialized in energy storage) when autophagy is limited. In this regard, only resistance training could slightly increase the presence of lipidated LC3B, while p62 levels increased in white adipose tissue after short-term training but decreased in brown adipose tissue after long-term training. Altogether, our study suggests an intricated regulation of exercise-induced autophagy in adipose tissues that is dependent on the training protocol and the autophagy competence of the organism.


The experiment was conducted with five lentil genotypes of known reaction to pea aphid for resistance. The trail was carried out with two identical but separate experiments as infested and un-infested trial under DZARC lath house. Infested seedlings were compared with uninfested ones in terms of plant height, biomass, root weight, and leaf area to quantify tolerance. The field performance of those lentil genotypes used in the experiments was assessed at Chefe Donsa substation, which is found in the East Shewa administrative zone, Ethiopia. Alemaya(lentil varity) reduces pea aphid damage cumulatively by the reduced percent dry and fresh biomass, percent plant height reduction and increased dry biomass, plant re-growth after 12 days of infestation compared with other tested genotypes, thus Alemaya had high tolerance to A. pisum. Similarly, comparable tolerance was found on ILL-7664 which exhibited longer plant re-growth, increased dry biomass after 12 days of infestation compared with other tested genotypes, except Alemaya. Chalow also showed reduced percent plant height and dry biomass reduction and increased leaf number after 12 days of infestation. Using genotypes that had tolerance for pea aphid management is wise decision as it reduces selection pressure on A. pisum. Alemaya (genotype which had tolerant resistance) is more important for integrated pest management program (IPM) than all the remaining tested genotypes.


The Marine Corps is an expeditionary force in readiness, constantly deployed around the globe. In order to respond to any situation within the range of military operations, the Marine Corps must remain in a high state of operational readiness and leverage the resources of partnered nations. The purpose of this research is to analyze how the Marine Corps utilizes Acquisition and Cross Servicing-Agreements (ACSAs) and Operational Contracting Support (OCS) to meet logistical requirements in an overseas environment. This project focuses on how contracting and ACSA processes are used to support military operations by determining the best value of contracting and ACSA transactions, as well as factors for deciding which support method to utilize in order to achieve mission success. Comparing the costs between contracting and ACSAs, we conclude that ACSAs provide a significant cost savings compared to traditional contracting. The results of the analysis may serve as a model for commanders to implement during the planning process of future military exercises and operations.


The synthesis of key intermediate of Gliclazide can be improved by using Potassium borohydride instead of Lithium aluminum hydride.The procedure is suitable for industrial production.


Plated through hole (PTH) failure due to CTE-mismatch-induced fatigue is a major interconnection failure in electronic products. The IPC methodology that is widely used in industry for PTH reliability assessment assumes a uniform thermal stress distribution in PTH barrels and considers no effect of peripheral PTHs on the one under investigation. As a result, IPC-methodology-based PTH reliability assessment becomes insensitive to the factors, such as board thickness and PTH separations, which, however, are considered having considerable influence on PTH fatigue life. It also leads to deviation of prediction results from experimental ones. In this study, an improved analytical model that considers barrel stress distributions and the effect of multiple PTHs in a PWB is developed to address the issues. Comparisons between the analytical and FEM results indicate significantly improved correlation. This model verifies the maximum stress location at PTH barrels' middle section. This result agrees with FEM results as well as failure observations on PTH barrel cracking in experiments and field. The model also provides a quantitative explanation on the strain distribution factor that is used to adjust assessment results for correlating with experiment in the existing IPC methodology


Abstract:One of the earliest examples of a French periodical written by a woman, Marie-Jeanne LHéritier de Villandon's L'Érudition Enjouée highlights the ways in which one early eighteenth-century salonnière adapted to print, drawing on the culture and literary conventions of the salon to push women's intellectual, cultural, and political authority further into the public, printed sphere. LHéritier was also politically savvy, using her transnational journal to promote the diplomatic aims of the Bourbons in Spain while at the same time subtly undermining prejudice against women rulers.


The aim was to study the effect of Fleckvieh cattle frozen semen hybridized with Simmental×Guizhou Local hybrid cattle on production performance and meat quality parameters. 10 Simmental×Guizhou Local bull and 10 Fleckvieh× Simmental×Guizhou bull with 340 kg were used respectively, and 60 d fattening feeding trial was conducted. The results showed that the weight gain, feed conversion ratio, net energy conversion ratio, protein conversion ratio, meat production, dressing percentage, loin muscle area, beef marbling cooked meat percentage and water-retention rate of experimental group were 29.1%(P0.01), 13.9%(P0.01), 8.11%(P0.05), 6.82%(P0.05), 11.13%(P0.01), 1.65%(P0.05), 3.53%(P0.05), 39.34%(P0.01), 16.5%(P0.01), 4.53%(P0.05), and 3.36%(P0.05) higher than the control group. The shear stress was 19.79%(P0.01) lower than the control group. The beef content of water, protein, fat, minerals, amino acids, nutritional mineral had little change, but the difference was not significant. Thus we believed that the Fleckvieh × Simmental ×Guizhou hybrid cattle were better than the Simmental ×Guizhou hybrid cattle, and particularly conducive to produce high-grade beef production.


Internet-based voter advice applications have experienced tremendous growth across Europe in recent years but have yet to be widely adopted in the United States. By comparison, the candidate-centered U.S. electoral system, which routinely requires voters to consider dozens of candidates across a dizzying array of local, state, and federal offices each time they cast a ballot, introduces challenges of scale to the systematic provision of information. Only recently have methodological advances combined with the rapid growth in publicly available data on candidates and their supporters to bring a comprehensive data-driven voter guide within reach. This paper introduces a set of newly developed software tools for collecting, disambiguating, and merging large amounts of data on candidates and other political elites. It then demonstrates how statistical methods developed by political scientists to measure the preferences and expressed priorities of politicians can be adapted to help voters learn about candidates.


By virtue of its mandate and functions, UNESCO brings an important contribution to the recognition of the right to education and of cultural rights as fundamental human rights which are universal, indivisible and interdependent. Its recommendations, declarations and international legal instruments have a great impact on the very substance of continuous efforts of States in promoting education for all. In UNESCO's view the respect for the diversity of cultures, tolerance, dialogue and cooperation, in a climate of mutual trust and understanding, are among the best guarantees of international peace and security. A basic requirement for education nowadays is to be humanistic. In that regard, during the irreversible process of globalization, education is called upon to promote, to reflect and develop the universal values on which international relations of the current century should be founded. Global solidarity is one of those values which are vitally necessary for a globalization with a human face. The present article attempts to illustrate how UNESCO has managed to lead to a general consensus about the specific role of education and cultural diversity in creating a fertile environment for the recognition of the duty of solidarity as an imperative prerequisite of globalization. Academic institutions and first of all universities have a functional responsibility for putting into effect the immense potential of education in humanizing globalization by their activities and programs dedicated to the establishment of a culture of global solidarity in harmony with the unity of humankind.


prohibiting, to meet a condition jeopardising life for at least some days in succession ? The fatal condition holds out, but the relief does not. And it is this essentially transient nature of this kind of relief that makes this treatment worthless except for circulatory and respiratory embarrassment of an equally transient nature. But, independent of this, it would, from the very nature of the condition, utterly fall short of averting the danger. The danger arises from a material choking up all the air-tubes and making respiration impossible. Now, to hope to maintain life by any palliation that left the tubes still occupied by the obstructing material-by anything, in fact, short of the removal of that material -would be like giving an expectorant to a drowning or hanging man. The material being there, the man must die, just as certainly as if he had a rope round his neck or his head under water, only not so quickly; it is merely a question of time. As I have already stated, I think the man's fate was settled when he was first admitted. He had within him a bronchitis universal and intense, and no power on earth could prevent universal bronchial infarction ; universal bronchial infarction supervened, and no power on earth could prevent fatal asphyxia. Still, even in a hopeless case, one likes one's treatment to be theoretically correct ; and I think, in the discussion of the questions I have raised, we have not wasted the hour we have given to it.


INTRODUCTION
The treatment of synchronous solitary lung metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains controversial. Satellite lesions in the same lobe are now classified as T3 which may result in stage IIB (T3N0M0). In contrast, ipsilateral lesions in different lobes are associated with a worse prognosis and classified as T4 tumors (stage IIIA), but operation is usually withheld from these patients. Contralateral lung metastases have been classified more recently as M1a which usually results in a conservative therapy. We analysed survival data of all patients with primary lung tumour and synchronous pulmonary metastasis outside of the tumour-bearing lobe, who underwent surgery.

METHODS
Between 1997 - 2007 we operated on 57 patients with NSCLC and simultaneous second (solitary) malignant lesions of the lung, outside of the tumour-bearing lobe, after informed consent. Survival was documented and analysed by Kaplan-Meier statistics (log-rank).

RESULTS
The primary tumour was treated in 67 % of cases by lobectomy, in 9 % by pneumonectomy, by bilobectomy in 2 % and in 22 % by segment or wedge resection. The second malignant lesion, and thus potential solitary metastasis, was treated in 83 % by segment or wedge resection. The overall survival of all patients (n = 57) was a median of 82 months (75 - 89 95%CI). In the synchronous second primaries (n = 7) the median survival was 76 months (0.1 to 151 95%CI) and in the synchronous metastases (n = 50) 82 months (95 % CI 75 - 88). This results in a 5-year survival rate of 56 % and 77 %, respectively. The median survival of patients with solitary metastasis, ipsilateral (T4 after UICC7) was 79 months (76 - 82 95 %CI) and with contralateral metastasis (M1a according UICC7) 84 months (60 - 107 95 %CI, p = 0.634).

CONCLUSIONS
This analysis shows that patients with solitary pulmonary metastasis (outside of the tumour-bearing lobe) and otherwise operable NSCLC may profit from surgical intervention comprising resection of the primary tumour, lymphadenectomy, and resection of the solitary pulmonary metastasis. Long-term survival can be achieved independent of the localisation of lung metastases (ipsilateral vs. contralateral lung).


Morphemes as the smallest meaningful unit of a word has significant role in determining the meaning of the words. The translators must be able to translate the meaning of the morphemes accurate in order to keep the message faithful with the source text. The problems of this research are as follows: 1) what are the morphemic shifts occurred in the translation of English Derivational morphemes into Indonesian in Dan Brown's Deception Point? 2)What are the techniquesemployed in the translation?And, 3) what is the most dominant rank category?The aims of the study are as follows: 1) to find out the morphemic shifts occurred in Dan Brown's Deception Point,2) To find out the techniquesemployed by the translators, and 3)To find the most dominant rank category.The method employed in this research is descriptive-analytical method. The data of this study were collected from the words which contained English derivational bound morphemes in the novel Deception Point which is written by Dan Brown and its Indonesian translation entitled TitikMuslihat. The result of the research shows that 1) there are two kinds of morphemic shifts found.They are: shifts from morphemes to words and shifts from morphemes to phrases. 2) The translation techniques which are employed by the translatorsare literal translation,calque,unit shift,and distribution change. 3) The most dominant rank category found is morphemes which is translated into words category with 71% or 141 data.


The effect of SPDs (surge protective devices) against a lightning stroke on an antenna was clarified. In case of common earth method, SPDs can reduce the current passing through equipment such as an electric appliance connected to the antenna (antenna euipment), an electric appliance connected to the earth line (earth equipment), and an electric appliance connected to a communication line (communication equipment) by the common earth method. Moreover, it is clarified that lightning current flows easily to a metal lath in the wall of a house paticulary in the wave front part.


The perpendicular maneuver under water of submarines is a complex multivariable system with coupling. The depth and pitch control system of submarine is difficult to design for the coupling relationship between the bow elevator and stern elevator. The submarine nonlinear model on the vertical is simplified according to the simulation needs. The bow rudder auto disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) and the stern rudder ADRC are designed to control the depth and pitch of the submarine separately. It is first proposed by introducing a nonlinear function to change the pitch angle target in real time according to the submarine depth changes, achieving fast and non-overshoot depth change. The computer simulation results showed that the control method has good control performance.


In order to investigate the relationship between pollen distribution of marine surface sediments,pollen transmission mechanisms and vegetation,climate of pollen source areas,we conducted field sampling,laboratory experiments,calculation of pollen percentage and pollen concentration in this study.Our goal is to provide a reliable basis for paleoenvironmental research in the South China Sea.We analyzed the distribution of pollen in the surface sediments of Guangdong coast and southeast Hainan Island as recorded in the 40 samples from the area 108°34′12″ 120°E and 17° 23°43′12″N at water depths of 37 3370m,focusing on the sea area along Guangzhou coast that has not been involved in surface pollen analysis before.It is found that pollen percentage of herbs(Poaceae,Artemisia,Chenopodiaceae and Brassiceae) is low and the higher pollen percentage occurs in the sea area near Guangdong,probably related to tropic and subtropic grassland,cultivated rice,sugarcane and vegetable along the coast of Guangdong.The Pinus pollen percentage was relatively high(20%) and was transported over longer distance.It is revealed that Artemisia,Chenopodiaceae and Brassiceae were transported from north to south by the winter ocean current,while Pinus was transported by the winter monsoon.The high percentage of Trilete-spore(60%) in the surface sediments near the shore was probably related to human activities.Most pollen of tropical and subtropical broad-leaved trees(Castanopsis,Quercus) found in the northern part of the SCS occurred in low percentage.The pollen of Guangdong coast,such as Castanopsis,Quercus,and Trilete-spore,came from Hainan Island and Guangdong coast,probably was transported by rivers and coastal ocean currents.The higher percentage of Monolete-spore and Cyperaceae in the surface sediments occurred near the Pearl River Estuary,implying a fluvial discharge from the Pearl River.


Based on theoretical considerations on embodied affectivity in social life, the feeling of being close is argued to be pivotal for experiencing one-sided interactions with movie characters. Currently, a feasible methodology to be used in order to measure this variable is still missing. A subsample (n = 14) from existing data is used to evaluate three operationalisations of closeness to the main character in two central scenes of the movie Sehnsucht by Valeska Grisebach: (1) Closeness as grades of familiarity is operationalised using a pictorial measure with the participant indicating which of two more or less overlapping circles (one representing the self, one representing the screen character) describes the relationship best. (2) Physical closeness is assessed with recordings of the eye movements which provide a fine-grained measurement of distance to the screen. (3) Closeness as synchronicity could be observed by analysing the facial expressions and movements of the participant in front of the screen simultaneously with the expressions and movements of the movie characters. The results of the study point to limitations of an operationalisation of closeness as familiarity by using a single-item measurement. Furthermore, with synchronicity being rarely observed, this way of being close appears to be a phenomenon of minor relevance for movie reception. The measurement of physical closeness, however, indicates a promising approach due to behavioural patterns being detectable and easily interpretable in accordance with the movie's content. Ideas for further methodological development of an operationalisation of physical closeness are proposed.


In this study, the utilization of radiation crosslinking methods which are known as intermolecular and intramolecular crosslinking for the formation of nanoparticles of Acrylated Palm Oil (APO) in the microemulsion system that also consists of Pluronic F-127 (PF-127) surfactant was demonstrated. This microemulsion system was subjected to the ionizing radiation i.e. gamma irradiation at different doses to form the crosslinked APO nanoparticles. The effects of radiation doses on the size of APO nanoparticles were investigated using the Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) method and their images were viewed using the Transmission Electron Microcrospy (TEM). The Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the chemical structure and the crosslinking conversion of carbon-carbon double bond (-C = C-) of the APO nanoparticles after irradiation. As a result, the size of the APO nanoparticle decreased when the irradiation dose increased. Reduce in size might be due to the effect of intramole...


Abstract The present study reveals how the film Bolívar soy yo provides a fictional space in which the implied author's frustrated desire for justice in Colombia is unburdened. Both the social and aesthetic utopian impulses converge in a singular utopian project that largely rejects the desolation and chaos in contemporary Colombian society. Ultimately, this study unveils an implied author that opposes ruling class interests, even though the film generally fails to fully depict the real socioeconomic causes behind today's conflicts. Likewise, Jorge Alí Triana's film repeatedly foregrounds the idea of "madness," an ideologeme that effectively de-materializes contemporary struggles while avoiding a comprehensive explanation of the injustice and war that afflict the majority of Colombians. Thus, Triana resorts to a parodic representation of Simon Bolívar to express his concern for Colombia's societal problems and ongoing internal war. The present study critically addresses the representation of this historical figure, as well as the film's use of metafiction and intertextuality, so as to interrogate current events in Colombia. As historiographic metafiction, the film foregrounds its historical and sociopolitical basis, as well as its self-reflexivity.


Many oyster mushroom cultivation in several regions in Indonesia. To increase the value added necessary postharvest
effort that has commercial value. Fruit bodies of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) was
characterised as a source of polysaccharides, as one of the alternative good nutritionally for food, relatively
inexpensive, can be as immunomodulators or immune system enhancer. Given some of these properties, Team
Mushroom, Centre of Bioindustrial Technology-BPPT have conducted experiments based drinks manufacturing
of oyster mushrooms plus natural fruit flavorings and sweeteners sucrose. The purpose of this experiment was to
determine the proximate and total sugars content contained therein. The mushroom extract done manually, ie 500 mesh filter cloth, while the total sugar analysis by Anthrone method. Result analysis of the healthy drink bottle 140 ml volume, the energy contained 37, 24 kcal, protein levels of 392 mg, 8918 mg levels of carbohydrates, dietary fiber 70 mg, and 1380 mg of beta-glucan, while the results analysis of total sugar with Anthrone method is 8.8% (w / v). Recomendation of this experiment were re-optimization in formulations, especially in sweetener.


According to experimental data of continuous casting , low carbon Al-killed steel in 60 t tundish ,a quantitative prediction model for oxygen content of steel in tundish is established. Some factors , such as FeO and MnO content in ladle slag , SiO2 content in the refractory of ladle and tundish lining , [N] pick up from ladle to tundish ,casting time ,tundish steel weight , casting speed etc. are considered in the model. Some proposal for improving tundish operation are presented in this paper.


Suppose you want to find the solution S to a mathematical problem in some domain. Depending upon the type of operations under consideration that lead to the construction of a solution S, one can distinguish between "pure mathematics" (which uses tools such as infinite union, limits, etc.) and "algorithmic mathematics" (whose tools are substitution, if-then-else, recursion, etc.). Algorithmic mathematics is interested only in those solutions that can be expressed by constructs whose effects can be realized by (idealized) machines. Hence, the essence of algorithmic problem solving hinges on the algorithmic realization of solutions "relative" to given "black box" (i.e. idealized machine) operations.


The prisoner reentry industry (PRI) emerged as a by-product of mass incarceration, with the stated purpose of helping the formerly incarcerated reenter society and achieve a new "law-abiding" status. Traditional criminological studies point to high recidivism rates in the United States as proof that U.S. reentry fails to rehabilitate offenders. Utilizing data from 57 in-depth semistructured interviews with formerly incarcerated individuals and 10 interviews with reentry service providers across five states, we posit that although the PRI purports to rehabilitate offenders, it operates using mechanisms including parole conditions and fee-based reentry services that ensure the formerly incarcerated remain trapped in a cycle of failure. Hence, the PRI is not a broken system. Rather, it is an intentional form of structural violence perpetuated by the state to ensure the continued oppression of the most marginalized groups in our society.


A rubber glass steel composite wear-resistant reducer solves the defects that in the prior art the wear-resistant reducer used in an air dust transporting pipeline or a slurry transporting pipeline has high production cost, and the metal reducer and a rubber lining generate adhesive failure phenomenon under high temperature action and have short service lives. The utility model provides the rubber glass steel composite wear-resistant reducer, which adopts the technical scheme as follows: the rubber glass steel composite wear-resistant reducer is a diameter-variable straight pipe connector and consists of a wear-resistant rubber inner pipe and a strength protective layer, wherein the strength protective layer is provided with a fixing flange thereon, and the wear-resistant rubber inner pipe is arranged inside the strength protective layer and is a wear-resistant rubber reducer that is formed by vulcanization in whole, and the strength protective layer is a glass steel strength protective layer. The rubber glass steel composite wear-resistant reducer has the advantages of long service life, relatively low cost, simple structure and convenient use.


Thank you very much for reading beating low cost competition how premium brands can respond to cut price rivals. As you may know, people have search numerous times for their favorite novels like this beating low cost competition how premium brands can respond to cut price rivals, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious virus inside their computer.


Populism has become a defining feature of European and world politics. During the last decade, major drastic changes in the political landscape have occurred, with France appearing as a singular example: none of the two candidates who made it to the second round of the presidential elections were from the traditionally dominant center-left and center-right parties. This paper analyzes the presence of populism in the political narratives by the main political contenders in the French presidential elections held in 2017. It does so through a discourse analysis of some of their most widely seen political speeches around the campaign, providing an overview of the different framing techniques used by each candidate and their degree and type of populism.


Foot forces during running were decreased by 14.3% (P<0.01) and 36.3% (P<0.01) in 3/8g and 1/6g compared to 1g forces. The ANN successfully characterized all four lunar activities with 100% accuracy for all 16 data sets. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Based on similar observations made on the ISS, the foot forces suggest regular locomotor activities in the partial gravity environments of the moon and Mars will not be osteoprotective. Monitoring crewmember activity with the ATD and ANN will help inform ground-based health personnel as to the amount of additional activity needed to help maintain bone health. REFERENCES


PURPOSE: An ultraviolet semiconductor light emitting device is provided to improve external quantum efficiency by using a second conductive semiconductor layer as a reflection layer formed between an active layer and a fourth conductive semiconductor layer. CONSTITUTION: An active layer(19) for producing an ultraviolet ray is arranged on a first conductive semiconductor layer(15). A second conductive semiconductor layer(21) functioning as a reflection layer is arranged on the active layer. A third conductive semiconductor layer(23) is arranged on the second conductive semiconductor layer. A fourth conductive semiconductor layer(25) is arranged on the third conductive semiconductor layer. The first conductive semiconductor layer and the third conductive semiconductor layer function as electrode layers.


Lattice calculations allow us to probe the low-lying, non-perturbative spectrum of QCD using first principles numerical methods. Here we present the low-lying spectrum in the scalar sector with vacuum quantum numbers including, in fully dynamical QCD for the first time, the mixing between glueball, q-qbar, and meson-meson operators.


Protective coatings extend the range of applications for materials. Surface properties can be selectively adapted for each problem. Thus bare high-temperature alloys for heat exchanging units e.g. in high-temperature systems for producing substitute natural gas do not have sufficient protection against undesirable tritium permeation from the helium primary gas into the substitute natural gas generated. A chromium oxid coating, on the other hand, of only a few ..mu..m in thickness ensures a barrier effect combines with an inhibitive factor H = 1000. Good adhesion is required for a successful application, in the same way as good temperature cycling resistance under start-up and shut-down conditions is of decisive significance for every type of coating.


Abstract The Tensleep Formation at Teapot Dome, Wyoming is a naturally fractured reservoir that has been studied for CO2-EOR. A realization of fractures is generated using a discrete fracture network (DFN) approach. The model DFN has three fracture sets: a dominant, high intensity N76°W set and two lower-intensity sets that strike N28°W and N75°E. The fracture intensity in the model DFN is extracted from a most negative curvature dissimilarity attribute calculated from the post-stack 3D seismic data. In addition, probable deformation bands are interpreted from the fracture intensity seismic attribute and incorporated in the reservoir model as permeability barriers parallel to N40°E striking S1 fault. The generated model DFN is plugged into a dual porosity compositional reservoir simulator (Eclipse 300) and adjusted to obtain a production history match. A three parameter Peng-Robinson equation of state (EOS) is calibrated against the CO2 swelling tests laboratory data to obtain accurate phase behavior for CO2-EOR in the Tensleep reservoir. Two CO2-EOR models are evaluated. CO2 is injected in the B1 Tensleep Sandstone from the end of the production history (December, 2005) for 3 years at an injection rate of 1 MMSCF/day. The first model includes three horizontal injectors parallel to the main fracture set and the second model has three horizontal injection wells perpendicular to the dominant fracture set. Although immediate CO2 breakthrough is observed in both models, model 1 yields a higher oil recovery and a lower CO2 mole fraction at the surface. The oil recovery improvement is less than 700 MSTB for both models. Finally, we show that ultimate CO2-EOR recovered oil can vary up to 150 MSTB and depends on how impermeable the permeability barriers are.


The developing character of creative thinking, include image experiencing via sensibility in sensory cortex, concept-imagery coupling via inter-cognition in associated cortex and idea-imagery shaping via reason in prefrontal neo-cortex. The data of our experiment on evoked brain potentials of current adolescents' creative inference and imagination showed that, the cognitive potentials in three cortex of the experiment group were either higher on amplitude or shorter on incubation-period than that in the comparison one, meanwhile that was more remarkable in the right hemisphere than left one. It implies that both earlier reconstruction and proficient operation to holographic imagery, may be the essential contents and decisive dynamics of creative thinking to which we should initiate and strengthen the formation and activation of so-called "three imagery" with the up-grade development of sensibility, knowledge-ability and reason, to incubate adolescents' creative thinking.


Objective To study the effect of fungi AR-15 and AR-18(Epulorhiza sp.) on the growth of Anoectochilus roxburghii in vitro culture.Methods Effect of fungi AR-15 and AR-18 on fresh weight and plant height of A.roxburghii were studied in vitro culture,when agar was used as rest,and effect of fungi and nutrients on fresh weight and plant height of A.roxburghii were studied in vitro culture,when vermiculite was used as rest.Results In agar medium,the fungi AR-15 and AR-18 increased the plant height of seedlings by 97% and 81.5%(P0.01).In vermiculite medium,the combination treatment(fungus AR-15+distilled water) extremely significantly increased the fresh weight and plant height of seedlings(P0.01),which was 3.26 and 1.51 times,respectively as compared with the non-inoculated ones.While the effect of combination treatment(fungus AR-15+nutrients) on fresh weight of seedlings was very significant(P0.01),which was 1.41 times as control.And the treatment(fungus AR-15+nutrients) increased significantly the plant height of seedlings by 1.17 times as control(P0.05).In vermiculite medium,the combination treatment(fungus AR-18+distilled water) extremely significantly increased the fresh weight and plant height of seedlings(P0.01),which was 3.86 and 1.45 times,respectively as compared with the non-inoculated ones.While the effect of combination treatment(fungus AR-18+nutrients) on fresh weight of seedlings was very significant(P0.01),which was 1.96 times as control(P0.01).And the treatment(fungus AR-18+nutrients) increased significantly the plant height of seedlings by 1.25 times as control(P0.05).Conclusion The fungi AR-15 and AR-18 could improve the growth of A.roxburghii seedlings in vitro culture.While a good result may be obtained by using the fungi AR-15 and AR-18 as biological manure in transplantation cultivation of A.roxburghii.


Objective:To compare effects of traditional decoction method and modern decoction method on active ingredients yield and extract yield of Gegen Qinlian decoction.Method:Taking yield of dry extract and contents of twelve active components as indexes,different values of medication in classical formulas included one ounce equals to13.8 g and one ounce equals to 3 gram were adopted,effects of two different decoction methods on quality of Gegen Qinlian decoction were investigated by single factor tests.Result:When one ounce equals to13.8g,compared with modern decoction method,contents of active components by traditional decoction method reached47%-74%,dry extract rate was 67%;When one ounce equals to 3 g,compared with modern decoction method,contents of active components by traditional decoction method reached 102%-148%,dry extract rate was 118%.Conclusion:Different decoction methods with different values of classic formulas had effects on contents of active components,this study could provide a reference for making the past serve the present of classical prescriptions.


Since the Cold War's end, the United Nations Security Council has become a more active and controversial player in international politics. Its perceived mandate in peace and security affairs had expanded considerably since the UN's creation in 1945. As its operational scope grows, so too has its detractors, who note its failures in the early 1990s, especially in Somalia and Bosnia. Jane Boulden's book comes at an important time in world politics as the United Nations begins the process of addressing Afghanistan's evolution toward democracy and stability, and as major operations in Bosnia, Kosovo, the Middle East and elsewhere persist.


A series of materials for use as an improved restraint layer in the shuttle space suit was developed. The feasibility of weaving triaxial fabrics in tight, low porosity configurations with yarns of appropriate sizes and materials was demonstrated along with the stability and isotropy of triaxial fabrics. The triaxial fabric constructions, BP44P and BP40M, can be reproduced on a production basis. Both fabric constructions afford excellent strength-to-weight ratio and exhibit improved tear strength and shear resistance over biaxial fabrics.


Abstract Measuring interconnectedness in a banking system to identify the potential transmission channels of systemic risk is a main issue for the analysis of financial stability. We develop a methodology based on conditional tail risk networks to assess the channels of transmission in a banking system and to identify the most relevant and/or fragile institutions. The networks are constructed using quantile graphical models and the proposed framework can be considered as a network extension of the Δ CoVaR approach by Adrian and Brunnermeier (2016). From the conditional tail risk networks we can then compute synthetic indices of systemic risk for each bank. An additional set of systemic risk indicators is computed by considering together the network of conditional tail risk and bank-specific indicators of credit risk (as an example we use the ratio of non-performing loans, NPL). The empirical analysis focuses on the European banking system and considers a panel of 36 representative banks. Among the main findings, we found evidence of regional clusters of interconnected banks, especially in crisis period. Moreover, in terms of interconnectedness alone, systemic risk is diffused relatively evenly across European banks, while the set of systemic indicators built using also NPL highlighted a concentration of risk in southern European countries.


The invention provides a physiological signal conditioning circuit and a physiological signal acquisition system. The physiological signal conditioning circuit comprises a first amplifying circuit, a DC cancellation circuit, a second amplifying circuit and a charge retention circuit which are sequentially connected. The input end of the first amplifying circuit is connected to the output end of a physiological signal detection module. The output end of the charge retention circuit is connected to the input end of an ADC (analog-to-digital converter). The physiological signal detection module is used for detecting a to-be-detected object and for outputting a physiological signal. According to the physiological signal conditioning circuit and the physiological signal acquisition system provided by the invention, a subsequent ADC effective sampling time is greatly prolonged due to the charge retention circuit, so that high-resolution and high-precision analog-to-digital conversion is achieved, and meanwhile power consumption is reduced.


The purpose of this dissertation project was to determine how well developed the processes at Lindab Profile AB are. The judgement was made upon evaluations according to two different models and it ...


Radical chemistry is a fundamental subject of undergraduate organic chemistry. While well described in organic textbooks, laboratory manuals rarely address this topic, focusing instead on syntheses using polar reactions. Herein, we describe a colorimetric assay using the persistent radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) to measure the antioxidant activity of common antioxidants in one (3 hour) lab period. While the laboratory procedures are designed for a second-year organic laboratory environment, minor modifications to either the experiment or the supplemental material would make this suitable for more or less advanced courses. This exercise is particularly appropriate for a course geared for nutrition or food science majors.


Chapter 1: Algebra Review The slope and equation of a line Finding x-intercepts Solving equations Quadratic functions The vertex The maximum/minimum value of a quadratic function Increasing/decreasing intervals Some important exponent properties Chapter 2: Average rate of change Limits Chapter 3: Definition of derivative Properties of the derivative Instantaneous rates of change The tangent line * The Power Rule * The Product Rule * The Quotient Rule * The Chain Rule Layering different formulas Chapter 5: Applications * Optimizing functions * Maximizing revenue and profit, minimizing cost, and other optimizing problems Chapter 6: The second derivative Concavity Another method for optimizing functions Chapter 7: Implicit differentiation Chapter 8: Rational functions Limits and asymptotes Chapter 9: Using calculus to sketch graphs Graphs of polynomial functions <H4?Graphs of rational functions Chapter 10: Exponents and Logarithm functions Using log properties to simplify differentiation Chapter 11: Integration * The antiderivative * Integration formulas * The area under the curve * More integration formulas * Integration techniques Chapter 12: Applications of the integral


For relieving the harms caused by rear-end accident,an intelligent automobile control system against rear-end collision is developed. Angle sensor technology,binocular vision range and millimeter wave radar ranging technology are integrated in the system and applied for distance and velocity measurement on curved roads and straight roads separately. In order to avoid automobile rear end collision,the results are calculated according to the mathematical model for safe distance and the speed is controlled by using fuzzy control algorithm. Then through the Matlab simulation results the validity of the control process is verified. In addition,Zigbee communication technology is used for the switch between high-speed operation mode and urban operation mode,thus the flexibility and reliability of the system are greatly improved.


In this paper, we address a novel social recommendation for users who have no interactions with items (unobserved users). This task can provide many applications such as recommendations for cold-start users after the first sign-up and targeted advertising, thus, it seems to be extremely meaningful. However, existing social recommendation methods are unsuitable for this task since they assume that all users have interactions with items or cannot recommend more effectively than MostPopular recommendation. Towards this end, we propose Unobserved user-oriented Graph Social Recommendation (UGSR), which learns the preferences of unobserved users and provides richer recommendations than MostPopular recommendation. The popularity-aware graph convolutional network, which is carefully designed for this task, simultaneously considers some user-item interactions, social relations, and item popularity for the effective user and item modeling.


The ETD movement has not yet taken root in the UK. Nevertheless, activity in the field has been growing steadily over the past few years. UTOG, the UK Theses Online Group, was established several years ago, and was aware of the activities of the ETD movement, but also of the distinctive characteristics of thesis publishing in the UK, which have made it so far unsympathetic to the creation of an ETD culture. In 2001, UTOG commissioned a report into the digitisation of theses from the SELLIC1 Project at the University of Edinburgh. In addition to considering retrospective digitisation, the report also looked at the issues involved in the production and management of 'born digital' theses, identified reasons for the UK to become properly involved in this initiative, and recommended that UK institutions join the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD). These ideas were taken forward by JISC's Scholarly Communications Group, and SELLIC was encouraged to submit a project proposal to the JISC Focus on Access to Intellectual Resources (FAIR) programme at the beginning of 2002, under the name Theses Alive! As a result, a twoyear project was funded, based at Edinburgh, and began its work in a national effort to promote ETDs in November 2002. Theses Alive! is one of three projects in electronic theses funded by JISC. The others are DAEDALUS, led by Glasgow, and Electronic Theses, led by the Robert Gordon University. Theses Alive! is working with both of these. Several UK universities, and, indeed, the British Library, have joined the NDLTD within the last year. The NDLTD is a realistic and pragmatic movement. It does not expect institutions to change everything overnight. There is a journey to be undertaken, the three basic steps of which are: 1. Ensure that the metadata for ETDs is available online. 2. Move to a hybrid SYSTEM of print and online TDs for a period of time. 3. Arrive at the point at which the online medium is the authorised medium for the production of TDs. This journey is likely to take several years. In the Theses Alive! Project, we hope to take a number of universities to the second stage of this three-stage process.


Investigated in seven Kosei-nenkin Hospitals (member hospitals of the Employee's Pension Insurance Society), were 24, 498 prescriptions given to outpatients. These were given to 21, 552 outpatients who were instructed to take medication on October 30, 1990 according to the prescriptions regardless of the various periods during which they have taken the drug. These prescriptions were accumulated from October 1 to October 30, 1990. In addition, 2, 021 patients who consulted the hospital's outpatient clinics on October 30, 1990 for treatment of their illnesses were interviewed at the dispensary to find out whether they were taking drugs prescribed by other medical facilities.The results were as follows:1) 549 (27.2%) of 2, 021 patients were taking drugs given by either other medical facilities or pharmacies.2) The mean number of drugs prescribed in the 24, 498 prescriptions was 3.8 per patient. The number of drugs in anyone prescription was increased along with the age of the patient.3) Overlapping of drugs among prescriptions were 724 (3.0%) cases in 24, 498.4) 1, 706 (7.9%) of 21, 552 patients were given prescriptions containing a combination of drugs exhibiting a possible drug-to-drug interaction.5) 840 (3.9%) of 21, 552 patients were instructed by doctors to take more than 10 kinds of drugs within the same day. The mean number of their illnesses was 4.5 (1-12) and that of drugs per one illness was 2.6.


The currents induced in parallel wires in an interface are deduced for an incident plane wave with the electric vector parallel to the wires. The results are expressed in terms of the modified Bessel function K1 of generally complex argument.


The 894G>T endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphism has been shown to impair vascular function, but it is unknown whether it is reversible. Our aim was to investigate the influence of this polymorphism on the vascular reactivity adaptation to an intervention composed of diet and exercise training. We studied 34 healthy, sedentary, eumenorrheic women (age 32±9 year, BMI 24±3 kg/m2). Twenty had the polymorphic allele [GT (n=15) or TT (n=5) genotypes] and 14 did not (GG genotype). Before and after 12 weeks of intervention, the forearm vascular conductance (FVC) response to a 5 min vascular occlusion was assessed (plethysmography) before, 10, 60 and 120 min after a maximal treadmill test. The groups were similar for pre‐intervention anthropometric, metabolic and hemodynamic characteristics (p>0.05). Subjects with the polymorphism had lower FVC response at the 120 min measurement pre‐intervention (% change from pre‐ischemia, 322±39 vs. 427±49 %, p=0.05). The intervention improved anthropometric, metabolic and hemodynamic characteristics similarly in both groups (p<0.05). The FVC response to ischemia increased post‐intervention in both groups (p<0.05), and there was no difference between them anymore (p>0.05). In conclusion, diet and exercise training reversed the vascular reactivity impairment of subjects with the 894G>T eNOS gene polymorphism. Support: CAPES, CNPq, FINEP and FAPERJ.


Abstract A comprehensive micromechanical model for the analysis of a smart composite piezo-magneto-thermoelastic thin plate with rapidly-varying thickness is developed in the present paper. A rigorous three-dimensional formulation is used as the basis of multiscale asymptotic homogenization. The asymptotic homogenization model is developed using static equilibrium equations and the quasi-static approximation of Maxwell's equations. The work culminates in the derivation of a set of differential equations and associated boundary conditions. These systems of equations are called unit cell problems and their solution yields such coefficients as the effective elastic, piezoelectric, piezomagnetic, dielectric permittivity and others. Among these coefficients, the so-called product coefficients are also determined which are present in the behavior of the macroscopic composite as a result of the interactions and strain transfer between the various phases but can be absent from the constitutive behavior of some individual phases of the composite material. The model is comprehensive enough to allow calculation of such local fields as mechanical stress, electric displacement and magnetic induction. In part II of this work, the theory is illustrated by means of examples pertaining to thin laminated magnetoelectric plates of uniform thickness and wafer-type smart composite plates with piezoelectric and piezomagnetic constituents. The practical importance of the model lies in the fact that it can be successfully employed to tailor the effective properties of a smart composite plate to the requirements of a particular engineering application by changing certain geometric or material parameters. The results of the model constitute an important refinement over previously established work. Finally, it is shown that in the limiting case of a thin elastic plate of uniform thickness the derived model converges to the familiar classical plate model.


Objective To probe into whether an acupoint-like and meridian-like structure was existed in platyfish.Methods Adult platyfish was put in 30μM 4-Di-2-ASP water solution for 3 h,then,in pipe water for 20min,afterward,the fish was anesthetized in 10% aether water solution,and the fluorescent labeling was observed under fluorescent microscope with B-3A combination filter.Results The labels observed under the microscope were in round bright dot,a majority of dots were distributed separately and a part of them was in cluster (2- 5 dots/cluster)on various parts of the body in regular arrangement.The labels on the head were circularly distributed around the eye and two arches were formed posterior to the eye and in the inferior 3/4 quadrant.These two arches joined one arch in the anterior superior 1/4 quadrant.On the fish trunk,it was observed that the labels were distributed from the back to the abdomen along the longitudinal axis of the trunk,forming 6 lines,located on No.2,4,6,7,8 and 9 scale rows successively on the dorsal part of fish. Each line was composed of 7 to 22 label clusters and 1 -5 labels were counted in each cluster.The labels were arranged as 3-4 lines on the tail.Conclusion 1)Acupoint-like and meridian-like structure was existed in platyfish.2)The skin sensory organs of animal were not distributed evenly all over the body.Instead,a number of sensory organs were put together in cluster and a number of them were in linear distribution regular- ly along the long axis of the trunk,which was similar to the distribution of traditional meridians and acupoints.


In a class of supersymmetric gauge theories with asymptotic freedom, the low-energy effective theory below the confinement scale is described by the composite superfields of the fundamental representation fields. Based on the supersymmetric gauge theory with ${N}_{c}=2$ and ${N}_{f}=3$ with an additional unbroken ${Z}_{2}$ symmetry, we propose a new model where neutrino masses, dark matter, and baryon asymmetry of the Universe can be simultaneously explained by physics below the confinement scale. This is an example for the ultraviolet complete supersymmetric extension of so-called radiative seesaw scenarios with first-order phase transition required for successful electroweak baryogenesis. We show that there are benchmark points where all the neutrino data, the lepton flavor violation data, and the LHC data are satisfied. We also briefly discuss Higgs phenomenology in this model.


Brazil's strong economic growth is putting pressure on its infrastructure, including its ports. As Robert Ward reports, the gravest problems are in the north east region.


Forest genetic resources represent the genetic diversity contained in the thousands of species of forest trees on the earth. their conservation is a set of activities and strategies, which are performed in the aim of ensuring the continued existence, evolution and availability of these resources for the present and future generations. the aim of genetic resource management is the enhancement of conditions for the continual evolution of the species which is the defensive mechanism of the organisms in the struggle with environmental changes.


Introduction In newspaper articles, but also in magazines and through other media, we are often confronted with alarming reports about misconduct by youngsters. Especially in secondary education, but lately also in primary education, rule-breaking and negative behaviour are a source of great concern. According to some reports 25% of the students are in serious trouble. Schools of which the student population contains a large proportion of migrant students, have particularly been focused on in reports about these negative tendencies. As the problem s of urban schools in this area are greater, much state money go es to the big cities. Teachers, in particular, have pointed at the increase of behavioural problems as an important source of stress. Problematical student behaviour is sup posed to play a role both in teacher burn out and in the lack of prestige of a career in education. The problems are supposed to have reached the most seriou s proportions in the lower forms of secondary education (prevocational and junior gen eral education). Schools often make a great effort to influence the behaviour of their students in a positive way: they set behavioural rules, take disciplinary measures, establish and invest in systems of counselling and guidance. Sometimes, as in th e example mentioned above, they institute projects in which they collaborate with the police to fight vandalism and you th criminality. Parental perceptions of student be haviour are sometimes reported as even more negative than those of teachers (Veugelers & De Kat, 1998 ). Students in secondary education, too, are reported (Olweus, 1989; Van Hattum, 1997; Veugelers & De Kat, 1998) to have a negative view on the behaviour of and the contacts with their peers. Schuurman's study (1984) gives a more positive impression of students' attitude towards schools. This raises the question to what extent the assessment of the seriousness of the behavioural problems of young sters should be ascribed to different ways in which the stakeh olders are confronted with the problem. Another question that could possibly be relevant is the following. To what extent does the perception of the school's communication with parents and community influence or contribute to the perceptions of student misconduct? It is our hypothesis that schools that are perceived by the stakeholders as being open and welcoming want to share their resources and their information not only with their students, but also with the parents and the surrounding community. This means that they are open to outside influences, that they develop skills in communicating and interacting with parents and other adults interested or involved in the school. This could mean that such a school has more varied con tacts, is able to acquire a more extensive network for discussions on how to deal with problems. It could also mean that such a school makes use of its varied contacts for student learning, student activities or in other ways 1 .


This paper provides an overview on what has been learned about urban poverty over the past decade with a focus on what is new and what the implications are for the World Bank going forward in an increasingly urbanized world. Coverage includes current information on the scope of urban poverty, identification of the key issues for the urban poor, a summary of regional characteristics of urban poverty, what has been learned from programs and policies aimed at the urban poor, and finally, the paper identifies priorities for urban poverty reduction within the context of an overall urban strategy.


This essay considers the fact that destructive criticism is a dialectical criticism. It survives off conflict both as an oppositional idea and a critical method. The phrase itself is often used informally in journalistic circles and has not yet entered into the official discourse of academic theory. Destructive criticism operates through dialectics and then surpasses it in an attempt to escape all binding relationships, dogmatic and otherwise. Adopting a refrain, destructive criticism yearns to be free, to break chains.


This article examines the process of creation and development of mass media in the Evenkia and Taimyr national districts in the first half of the XX century. In the 1930s the foundations of radio broadcasting and periodicals are being laid. This process was complicated by a shortage of equipment and a shortage of employees, but despite this, by the end of the decade, many wall newspapers were published in the districts, numbers of district and regional publications were printed, and the radio network was expanding. Already at this time, a number of newspapers began to publish material in the national languages of the indigenous peoples. During the war years, there was no particular development of the media, however, in the post-war period, due to the improvement in the supply of districts, the development of radio broadcasting took place.


ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of 70% alcoholic extract of Xylopia aethiopica on reproductive function of adult male rats. Ethanolic fruits extract of X. aethiopica was administered orally to groups of male Sprague Dawley rats at the doses of 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg for 60 days. The reproductive organ weights, change on animal body weight, caudal epididymal sperm count, motility and viability, histology of testes and androgenic hormones levels were evaluated. Increase in body weight as well as weight of testis and epididymis and a significant increase in caudal sperm count was noticed. Transverse sections of testis exhibited spermatogenesis. The extract treatment also showed significant increase in serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels. The studies clearly reveal androgenic activity of the extract and its effects on hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis. Key words: Androgenic, Reproduction, Spermatogenesis, Xylopia aethiopica 1. INTRODUCTION In Africa especially south of the Sahara, the use of plants and its extract for the treatment and management of diseases has been in existence since ancient times. Factors such as poverty and illiteracy still militate against availability and accessibility of conventional medical services. A larger number of these tropical plants and their extract have shown beneficial therapeutic effects including fertility enhancing and contraceptive compounds, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-microbial and aphrodisiac [1]. Among the promising medicinal plants,


This article offers an attempt to connect the doctrines of Marx and Freud in a relatively new and unprecedented way. The connection does not relate the entirety of these doctrines, but only certain ideas we deem relevant to discussions of psychology. Granting a certain priority to Marxian theory, we set out from its categories to discern how Freud may confirm, justify, explain, enrich, nuance, deepen, problematize, or revitalize Marx's contributions. Freud is thus introduced into a scene organized by Marx. Like the proposals that precede it, ours also stubbornly seeks to connect Freud to Marx by accentuating elements that support connections while playing down those that hinder them. Differences interest us as conditions of complementarity, distances as opportunities for rapprochement, and contradictions as simple moments of articulation.


When faced with the sudden Covid-19, many companies have suffered large or small losses, especially small and medium-sized retailers, they have been hit unprecedented — compulsory policies imposed by the government have forced them to suspend their business, thus bringing many problems, such as inventory backlog, increased management costs, capital chain breakage, and so on. However, in today's time for the outbreak to recover, these retailers must begin to consider how to recover after the outbreak. Therefore, this paper takes the world-famous chain retailer Ikea as the research object, uses SWOT/PEST analysis method to analyze the dilemma and opportunities of Ikea, at the same time studies the practice of Ikea, studies the advantages of Ikea's practice for retailers. This essay holds the view that the measures IKEA did give suggestions to small and medium-sized enterprises to restore the economy, and hopes to help retailers quickly recover or even surpass the pre-epidemic level.


In the article, the authors analyze terms and concepts taken from the English language that are most often used in the analysis of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of companies. The correct use and translation of terminology in business, financial and economic vocabulary is one of the most relevant, but insufficiently studied issues today. At the same time, distortion in the translation of terms leads to an incomplete, and at times fundamentally incorrect interpretation of the concepts themselves. The purpose of this study is to study the etymology and semantic content of terms borrowed from the English language in order to clarify and explain the essence of processes in the field of CSR, as well as assess the impact of incorrect or inaccurate interpretation on the effectiveness of CSR programs.


A kind of non-invasive impedance cerebral blood monitor is designed on the basis of virtual instrument technology. The system realized the real-time collection and disposal of two-channel cerebral blood signals. Admittance encephaloloop (AEL) was composed of admittance encephalogram (AEG) and admittance differential encephaloloop (ADEG), and the parameters which reflected cirrhosis of cerebral arteries included drag index, elastic index, pouring index, fast inflow phase index and so on, which were calculated by AEL. The instrument can detect dual cerebral blood wave of the patients with real-time and dynamic stabilization. Non-invasive impedance cerebral blood monitor can detect difference between cerebrovascular patients and normal persons. It provides a convenient method for researching, preventing and epidemiological studies of cerebrovascular diseases in our country.


Bimodulous circular plate could form isotropic compression and tensile area under loads.Bimodulous circular plate was regarded as laminated plate composed of two kinds of otropic material.Static equilibrium equation of bimodulous circular plate under the condition of external loads was established by using elastic theory.The location of neutral plane in bimodulous circular plate was determined by the utilization of static equilibrium equation.The bending deformation differential equtions of bimodulous circular plate was derived.Then the deflection and internal force equtions were obtained based on the integration of the bending deformation differential equtions.Meanwhile the effect of bimodulous on the bending deformation of circular plate was discussed and analyzed.The main conclusions are as follows:the deflection and moment calculation of circular plate which has larger difference between tensile elastic modulus and compressive elastic modulus may as well not be applied classical elastic theory with same elastic modulus,and bimodulous thin plate theory should be used.


Reanalysis of lunar seismic data collected during the Apollo program indicates that 23 of the 28 rare events known as high-frequency teleseismic (HFT) events or shallow moonquakes occurred during one-half of the sidereal month when the seismic network on the Moon's near side faced approximately towards right ascension of 12 hours on the celestial sphere. Statistical analysis demonstrates that there is about a 1 per cent probability that this pattern would occur by chance. In a coordinate system fixed to the celestial sphere, the 26 located HFT events tend to cluster around a direction approximately between the constellations Leo and Cancer (L-C); in this coordinate system the clustering is significant at about the 97% level. With respect to this celestial coordinate system and direction L-C, 13 of 26 events are situated near the Moon's limb (between 70 and 110 from the point on the lunar surface closest to L-C).


Terminations of early pregnancy induced by misoprostol (Mis) and mifepristone (Mif) alone or in combination were studied in rats and mice. The effect of Mis alone on early pregnancy interruption was less effective than that of combination, and not in a dose-dependent fashion. The ED50 for Mif alone and in combination with Mis 200, 400 and 800 Ag/kg were 959, 635, 477 and 195 g/kg in rats, and 486, 315, 249 and 98 g/kg in mice, respectively. The results suggest that Mis potentiates Mif-induced interruption of early pregnancy in rats and mice.


#### Notable in Neurology

This issue features a case series investigating the effects of acetyl-dl-leucine in patients with Niemann-Pick type C disease and an article on how higher neutrophil counts before thrombolysis predict worse outcomes for cerebral ischemia. Another featured article focuses on the safety and tolerability of resveratrol in individuals with mild to moderate Alzheimer disease.

### Clinical implications of delayed orthostatic hypotension: A 10-year follow-up study![Graphic][1]

Delayed orthostatic hypotension (OH) is common and may be the initial indication of a neurodegenerative process in many patients. This study of …

 [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif


Background and aims Effectiveness of mannequin based simulation (MBS) has been well established in the management of a life threatening critical incidents like local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) but its application can be limited by cost and availability. Another possible solution is the use of a virtual reality simulator (VRS). Methods 20 anesthesia trainees were randomized to receive identically scripted LAST simulation training in session 1 by either VRS or MBS followed by the same debriefing procedure. the trainee was assisted by a simulated nurse assistant and 2 other medical assistants to provide CPR, drug administration and other tasks either by VR avatars or live simulation staff. Two weeks after the initial simulation session, trainees were retested in session 2 using a standardized MBS (SimMan); for the same LAST scenario. All stimulation sessions were videotaped and were reviewed by two investigators independently, trainees were rated on non-technical skill (ANTS) performance based on a previously validated checklist (table 1). Results Individual checklist and ANTS scores for VRS and MBS groups are shown in figure 1. For the VRS group, there was significant improvement in ANTS performance from session 1 to 2 but no significant difference in performance based on checklist assessment (table 2). For the MBS group, significant improvement was found in both ANTS and checklist performance (table 2). Abstract ESRA19-0614 Figure 1 Individual checklist and anesthesia non-technical skills (ANTS) scores for VRS and MBS groups Abstract ESRA19-0614 Table 1 Comparison between VRD and MBS in anesthesia non-technical scores (ANTS) Abstract ESRA19-0614 Table 2 Comparison between VRD and MBS in checklist non-technical scores (ANTS) Conclusions The VRS prototype proved to be useful in management of LAST, however, the mechanisms by which MBS and VRS improve retention of knowledge and skills need to be better understood by conducting larger scale studies.


The goal of this paper is to study and explain the differences in wellbeing in old age across cohorts and countries in Europe. This is done with the replication of the Active Ageing Index for cohorts formed by age group, sex and country for 2012. The analysis is performed with different model regressions at the cohort level and introducing macro variables at the country level. In general, there is a gap in active ageing in detriment of females which is larger in older cohorts. In addition, wealth, equity and pension settings of the country are important predictors for better active ageing. Finally, it is found that the Social-Democratic welfare regime (Nordic countries) with its set of strong redistributive policies, is the most favourable system for active ageing.


This essay relates a Heideggerian interpretation of metaphysics, as determined by an interpretation of Being in terms of a priori laws/essences, to a traditionally passive model of experience. The spiritual principles of the Christian and the Buddhist experience of the Nothing are shown as an overcoming of this model and an overcoming of metaphysics. The essay displays the ways in which Heidegger and Mamardashvili stress the illusionary nature of a metaphysical understanding of human existence and the central role of personal transformation beyond one's psychological subjectivity. This transformation is tied to the possibility of active engagement with the Nothing, requiring efforts of attentive self-detachment from the constant pressure of one's representational faculties motivated by a hidden flight from anxiety. Buddhist and Christian notions of detachment and letting-be are then interpreted in light of Heidegger's and Mamardashvili's ideas, allowing for a phenomenological interpretation of certain passages from the New Testament and the Bodhidharma's teaching.


Aiming at the operation application of the active radar-jammed shells in the information battlefield,this thesis simulate and calculate the blanketed zone and exposure area by using the Matlab while the active radar-jammed shells jamming the weapon location and calibration radar.Analyzing the characters and laws of the blanketed zone and exposure area in different situation,the paper puts forward methods of calculating the effective blanketed zone while the active radar-jammed shells jamming the weapon location and calibration radar,which is available for improving the operational efficiency of the active radar-jammed shells.


This paper aims to develop a numerical model of RC frame considering the same geometrical properties, material properties and boundary conditions in ABAQUS and validated with the experimental results comparing its force-displacement curve, damage pattern and stress and strain variations with the experimental outcomes. The use of infill walls increases the progressive collapse resistance force, mainly in the CAA. This is due to the addition of compressive action of infill walls to beam bending and CAA of RC frame. Plastic hinge was observed at the beam ends in case of RC bare frame. However, in the case of RC frame with infill wall, the plastic hinge was formed at some distance from middle joint interface and near the adjacent column joint on first floor and at some distance from adjacent column joint and near middle joint interface on second floor. Furthermore, in order to examine the effect of full height infill walls on progressive collapse resistance mechanism, RC frame with full height concrete block is modeled in ABAQUS and compare the results. It is seen that the RC frame with full height infill walls provides much higher progressive collapse resistance force in all stages i.e. beam mechanism stage, transient stage and catenary action stage.


The method of induced polarization is being more and more used for sulphide ore exploration. The purpose of the present paper is to show that the decay-time of the polarization curve represents a characteristic property of polarized media and consequently of various ores. The decay-times for various minerals, determined by laboratory measurements, are given in table form. Although the intervals of the decay-times partially overlap, the decay-time does to a certain degree supplement the data of induced polarization. Further, a method of interpretation in cases in which there is a superposition of the polarization effects of bodies with different decay-times, is discussed. Laboratory results as well as examples of field and bore hole measurements, in cases in which standard geophysical methods did not yield satisfactory results, are given.


In the announcement of the films "The world within" and "The development of bacteriophage plaques" [Science 135, 1053 (23 Mar. 1962)], the prices quoted were not rental fees, but purchase prices. Rental fees are $10 and $1.50, respectively.


Abstract This study adopts a two-stage clustering technique, the combination of self-organizing maps and K-means method, and RFM (recency, frequency, and monetary) model to categorize customers in a veterinary hospital in Taichung City, Taiwan in order to make effective marketing strategies in this competitive market. Based on 1,784 customers with the focus solely on cats in 2014, twelve clusters are formed. Specifically, six out of twelve clusters are classified into the best and loyal customers. Three clusters are uncertain and lost customers. One cluster is viewed as the best but lost customers. Finally, two clusters that have relatively higher recency values than the average value belong to uncertain but new customers based on RFM model and based on RFM model.


Abstract : Results of a study to investigate the influence of non-uniform stress fields on the failure strength of rocks are presented. Three rock types, Westerly granite, Nugget sandstone, and Tennessee marble, were tested to failure in unconfined tension, torsion, and bending tests, and in triaxial compression and extension tests. Specimens were prepared with notches of various sharpness to vary the intensity of the stress gradients in the specimens. Analyses were performed to determine how the magnitude of the stress varied across the specimen. Two significant experimental observations were made. First, the fracture stress was insensitive to the notch configuration for all rocks tested. Second, local stresses existed in the specimens near the crack tips significantly above the stress required to fracture the rock in a uniform stress field. A preliminary correlation of the increase in strength exhibited by a specimen in a non-uniform stress field is presented based on a critically stressed distance that varies with the maximum stress.


Until now, there is no research which analyzes society perception about the green products, so this research will try to fill in the gap. This Study analyzed perception of Borneo (Indonesian) society based on their demography, psychological, social and cultural factors toward the green products. This research was as a study in nature descriptive method. The result of this research indicated that perception of Borneo society toward the green product is good enough. The group of society that had high concerns to green product was housewife with the middle economy class and has up to 40 years old. More over in the term of their psychological factor, most of respondents had motivation to choose green product and had enough good perception on the green product. In social factor that the sureness of society on green product was very high. Lastly cultural factors supported society to care on the green products. The change to a green economy that values and invests in natural capital will help to drastically reduce the negative tendencies, and at the same time supporting mitigation and adaptation to climate change. Formation depends on the incorporation of the value of natural resources into economic policies and private sector decision-making. The model shows that the transition to the approach of alternative and green economy that recognizes the value of natural resources is possible. The potential benefits of such changes include poverty reduction, faster growth, stronger local economies, and increased resilience to climate change. In the long term, growth will increase more rapidly under a Green Economy scenario where natural capital is treated on an ongoing basis. Green economy is essential to ensure the growth and long-term economic development and sustainable.


LGBTQ+ people experience significant barriers in accessing health care including inadequate provider knowledge and stigma in health care settings. Undergraduate medical education programs have increased efforts to integrate LGBTQ+ health topics, such as comprehensive sexual history taking and gender‐affirming practices, into their curriculums to provide clinically inclusive care for LGBTQ+ patients.


Microspheres of diltiazem hydrochloride were prepared by non-aqueous emulsion solvent evaporation technique using ethylcellulose as an encapsulating polymer. Spherical drug-loaded microspheres having a mean diameter of - 90 μm and entrapment efficiency of 80-90 %, were obtained which were free from any drug-polymer interaction. The drug-loaded microspheres were formulated into a redispersible suspension having sustained release characteristics. The reconstituted suspensions of Diltiazem hydrochloride microspheres were found to be stable over its intended shelf life of 15 days after reconstitution. The reconstituted suspensions exhibited sustained release of drug. Most importantly, the suspensions maintained the taste masking ability and good palatability.


Model‐based testing has not been widely deployed in industry yet. There seem to be both technical and non‐technical reasons for this situation. A survey among mobile software testing professions in Finland was conducted that aimed at investigating possible obstacles and opportunities towards wider deployment of this technology. This paper discusses the results and provides conclusions that indicate that at least in this context, there is much interest among practitioners towards the technology. However, more research is needed to make model creation and maintenance as easy as possible. In addition, metrics should be developed that can be used to report test results in the same manner as using existing testing techniques, enabling comparison between different approaches. Special emphasis should also be placed on enabling quick bug localization. Furthermore, it seems that successful pilot projects are a key to wider industrial adoption. Based on the survey findings, an agenda for the future model‐based testing research is outlined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The addition reaction of hydrogen chloride with several cyclic or chain amides has been investigated by the infrared absorption measurement in order to study the correlation between the polymerizability of lactams and the resonance in the amide group. The equilibrium constant K for the addition reaction with cyclic amide (cis form) is 150∼180 and it becomes greater with enlargement of the ring size, while K for N-methyl lactams is about 30∼40. The K value for secondary chain amide (trans form) is 60. The heat of the addition reaction of hydrogen chloride with lactams becomes lower with the enlargement of the lactam ring and also with the N-methyl substitution of the amide hydrogen. The stronger basicity of the cis amide compared with the trans amide may be due to the decrease of resonance in the amide group, and the stabilization of the lactam ring by the N-methyl substituion may be ascribed to the increase in resonance by hyperconjugation of the methyl group.


Mediation analysis is an important tool in social and medical sciences as it helps to understand why an intervention works. The commonly used approach, given by Baron and Kenny, requires the strong assumption 'sequential ignorability' to yield causal interpretation. Ten Have and his colleagues proposed a rank preserving model to relax this assumption. However, the rank preserving model is restricted to the case with binary intervention and single mediator and needs another strong assumption 'rank preserving'. We propose a new model that can relax this assumption and can handle both multilevel intervention and multicomponent mediators. As an estimating‐equation‐based method, our model can handle both correlated data with the generalized estimating equation and missing data with inverse probability weighting. Finally, our method can also be used in many other research settings, using mathematical models similar to mediation analysis, such as treatment compliance and post‐randomized treatment component analysis. For the causal mediation model proposed, we first show identifiability for the parameters in the model. We then propose a semiparametric method for estimating the model parameters and derive asymptotic results for the estimators proposed. Simulation shows good performance for the proposed estimators in finite sample sizes. Finally, we apply the method proposed to two real world clinical studies: the college student drinking study, and the 'Improving mood promoting access to collaborative treatment for late life depression' study.


This paper introduces a 3D perceptual model based on JND(Just Noticeable Difference) and proposes a video watermarking scheme which is perceptual approach of adaptive embedding in 3D-DCT domain. Videos are composed of consecutive frames with many similar adjacent frames. If a watermark is embedded in the period of similar frames with little motion, it can be easily noticed by human eyes. Therefore, for the transparency the watermark should be embedded into some places where motions exist and for the robustness its magnitude needs to be adjusted properly. For the transparency and the robustness, watermark based on 3D perceptual model is utilized. That is. the sensitivities from the 3D-DCT quantization are derived based on 3D perceptual model, and the sensitivities of the regions having more local motion than global motion are adjusted. Then the watermark is embedded into visually significant coefficients in proportion to the strength of motion in 3D-DCT domain. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme improves the robustness to MPEG compression and temporal attacks by about , compared to the existing 3D-DCT based method. In terms of PSNR, the proposed method is similar to the existing method, but JND guarantees the transparency of watermark.


The new distributed propulsion configuration (DPC) can effectively improve fuel efficiency and reduce pollution, but also brings in special cross-coupling effects between the flight and propulsion systems. To tackle this problem, integrated flight/propulsion modeling and optimal control of DPC with boundary layer ingestion (BLI) and supercirculation features are systematically investigated. As the basis, by taking the inherent BLI and supercirculation features into consideration, an integrated flight/propulsion model of SAX-40 is built to reflect the actual complex engine-aircraft coupling effects. Then an integrated flight/propulsion optimal control scheme is proposed to deal with the strong coupling effects and to implement the comprehensive control of redundant control surfaces as well as the distributed engines. Under this scheme, a detailed description of the optimal control problem is presented, and a novel two-stage optimization algorithm named genetic algorithm-random pattern search (GA-RPS) is proposed to solve this complex optimal problem. By the new strategies of "parallel genetic algorithm computing in sub-regions" and "random pattern search" in the GA-RPS algorithm, the optimization accuracy and convergence speed are effectively improved. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the GA-RPS algorithm and the significant performance improvement to DPC by optimization.


Objective: To investigate the effect of the different static compressive stress on the proliferation of condylar chondrocytes.Methods: Static stresses with magnitudes of 0,12,24 and 36?kPa were exerted on the third passage of MCC for 1 hour.On the time point of 0?h after the stimulation of stress,the DNA content in different proliferation cycle was evaluated using flow cytometry and the proliferative index was calculated.Results: Static stresses with magnitudes of 12 and 36?kPa could decrease the proliferation index of cell.It was increased by the static stress with magnitude of 24?kPa.Conclusion: Double is the effect of the static compressive stress on the proliferation of condylar chondrocytes.It is to say the insufficient and excessive static stress all cannot improve the proliferation of cell.However,it can be improved by the static compressive stress with moderate magnitude.


The design criteria of space-time trellis codes assume a flat fading channel without intersymbol interference (ISI). In this paper, decoding and performance of space-time codes is examined in a system for which the assumptions made for the criteria are not valid. We investigate a suboptimal joint equalization and decoding technique for space-time trellis codes to be used in frequency-selective fading channels and with pulse shapes causing substantial ISI. The performance of space-time codes is evaluated allowing different receiver complexity levels and compared to delay diversity and single-antenna transmission in a GSM EDGE based system. The results show a performance advantage for space-time coded systems in terms of block error probability. The observed bit error rates, however, indicate that successful concatenation of these codes with outer codes may not be straightforward when compared to simpler delay diversity transmission.


Ways to enhance research into coping have been suggested by Lazarus (2000). The issues of adaptiveness and conceptual structure of coping (Cramer, 1998; Skinner et al., 2003) are particularly relevant; thus, this study addresses them in a clinical research setting. A total of 30 inpatients presenting with Bipolar Affective Disorder (BD) have been interviewed twice, as well as the participants of a matched control group (N = 30). Self-report (CISS) and observerrater methods (CAP) of coping have been applied: low correlations were found between the instruments. Coping specificities in BD have been identified: opposition and support-seeking are most frequently practiced by BD patients, in comparison with controls. No significant link has been found between coping processes, symptom level and the therapeutic alliance. This study lends support for a quantitative definition of coping adaptiveness which is discussed, along with clinical implications on psychological treatments of BD (German J Psychiatry 2009; 12: 19-27).