The Diels–Alder cycloaddition of two common dienes (cyclopentadiene and anthracene) to the double carbon–carbon bonds of an ethenylene-bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica was studied and compared to that of benzocyclobutene. The resulting materials were characterized by several techniques such as X-ray and thermal analyses, DRIFT, 13C and 29Si MAS NMR and porosimetry. They showed that the mesopores were decorated with the Diels–Alder adducts with negligible structural degradation and with the concomitant reduction of the surface area and pore size. The formation of surface adducts was even successful with a relatively hindered diene such as anthracene. The surface Diels–Alder adducts were stable and susceptible to further functionalization. Thus, after being sulfonated, the resulting solids were used as acid catalysts in the esterification of acetic acid with ethanol, a process in which they proved to be very active. In fact, each acid site of these hybrid materials was up to three times more active than a similar site in Amberlyst-15, a commercial acid resin.


To solve the credibility and supervision lacking problem in the OTC warehouse receipt trading system, a scheme of using smart contract on the blockchain to implement the OTC warehouse receipt trading system is presented. As a distributed ledger, blockchain has the advantages of decentralization, irreversibility and trustworthiness. The warehouse receipt transaction data is recorded on the blockchain, ensuring its safety and credibility. Smart contract is automatically executed code stored on the blockchain, it can directly control the transaction of digital assets. No participant can control and tamper it before the contract is lapsed. In the process of using the Ethereum smart contract to realize warehouse receipt transactions, consensus is reached by the PBFT consensus algorithm, Since the trusted third-party is not needed, the lack of supervision problem is solved. This paper introduces the application of blockchain and smart contract to the OTC warehouse receipt trading system. It includes the design of smart contracts, the verification of smart contracts security. This paper also verifies the feasibility of designing smart contracts by using the instance of listed transactions.


Trialkoxyarsines (I) and -stibines (II) react with sulfur dioxide to give the corresponding dialkyl sulfites and arsenic trioxide or polymeric residues containing antimony. The reactivity of the compounds (I) is very low, and the yield is poor. Reactions of I and II with selenium dioxide afford dialkyl selenites together with arsenic trioxide or the same polymeric residues containing antimony as in the case of the reaction with sulfur dioxide. The reaction followed a stoichiometry of three moles of trialkyl phosphites (III) and one mole of selenium dioxide yields a 2 : 1 molar ratio of the phosphates : the phosphoroselenoates. A similar reaction of the phosphites with selenium dioxide in a 2 : 1 stoichiometry gives the phosphates and red selenium quantitatively. The rate of oxidation of the phosphorus compounds by selenium dioxide decreases in the order Bu3P>BuP(OEt)2>P(OEt)3. Based on these results, the possible mechanisms have been discussed.


Compound refractive lenses (CRL) are broadly used at X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities for they are less sensitive to angular vibrations. XFEL spectroscopy endstations need long-range tunable photon energy and separately controlled beam size in the vertical and horizontal direction. However, the focal distance of CRL lenses is photon-energy dependent while the sample positions of XFEL endstations are fixed. Transfocators are thus proposed in which CRL lenses are grouped and can be inserted in and removed from the beamline, allowing the fast switch between different photon energies and spot sizes. To individually adjust the focal spot size in two dimensions, 1D and 2D compound refractive lenses are combined.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in differential-normalised electrical exploration with separation of EM (electromagnetic induction) and IP (induced polarisation) fields. The method includes determining layer-by-layer distribution of resistivity (conductivity) of a geologic section and constructing the geoelectric characteristic of the section using time filters to obtain a geoelectric model of the section. Additional time filters are used for relaxation time τ when constructing the geoelectric characteristic of the section. EFFECT: ensuring stability of obtained results when input data vary, reduced influence of equivalent relationships between calculated polarisation parameters, high reliability of prediction. 2 cl, 8 dwg


The present invention is of a coil shape of a distributed winding coil is studying, to obtain a suppressed increase in diameter of the coil end due to interphase insulation caused and inhibits the large diameter of the coil end by converting the route caused by the rotary electric machine small high output stator. The stator winding has a winding body 48 (22), the winding body (22) are respectively wound around the insulating coating and not a continuous wire connection portion is made, the winding body (22) attached to the angular intervals of six slots in a first circumferentially continuous groove (131), a second groove (132) and a third groove (133), up to a pitch of grooves arranged in the circumferential direction. Winding body (22) configured δ shaped coil patterns, the coil-shaped pattern in accordance with the δ, the order of the second groove (132) in the third groove (133) a second slot (132), a first slot (131), and alternately change the second slot (132) and a third groove (133) to the insertion direction of insertion wire (19) is formed axially from the first groove (131).


"On a necessarily limited scale, envisioning history as an operation would be equivalent to understanding it as the relation between a place (a recruitment, a milieu, a profession or business, etc.), analytical procedures (a discipline), and the construction of a text (a literature) . . . the historical operation refers to the combination of a social place, "scientific" practices, and writing." —Michel de Certeau (1925–86), "The Historiographical Operation"


Fish otoliths pose increasing interest due to their potential of rendering information about environmental changes, underlined in their non-linear time-dependent biogenic crystal growth. Otoliths are acellular, metabolically inert and continuously grow in a complex process which still needs to be understood. In the present work confocal Raman microspectroscopy (CRM) and imaging is employed to investigate the growth pattern in otoliths from Sparus aurata of Mediterranean provenance. CRM signal acquired from otolith sagittal section is exploited to associate it with the periodic growth increments denoted as rings. Raman signal collected from the core to the margins with micrometer spatial resolution invariably revealed characteristic signal of aragonite. Relative intensity variability was observed particularly for the lattice modes, indicating changes in crystalline orientation relative to incident laser. Bands associated with organic fraction were absent in the 90-1840 cm-1 spectral range. Daily growth rings were further studied using the Raman mapping of main aragonite bands intensities at 1083, 704 and the lattice modes in the 100-350 cm-1 range. The spectral intensity pattern closely follows the daily growth pattern. Traces of toxic or heavy metals incorporated in biogenic carbonate mineral were spuriously detected in the mapped areas, according to the position and width of the Raman bands of witherite (BaCO3), strontianite (SrCO3), along with the main aragonite and trace of its calcite polymorph.


to Wilde (in the mock bull-fight sequence, we are even told when the head of the fake bull is knocked off to reveal that of Wilde's laughing 'little Monsieur de Lorraine, the son of the French Ambassador'); they also enable us to 'read' the final pantomime, with its echoes of the foregoing dances interpolated into what is in effect an unsung recitative, a 'scena' in which a recurring, dissonantly harmonized motif for the Dwarf's heart-gripping shock at his monstrous appearance punctuates music that might not have been out of place in Wozzeck or even Schoenberg's Erwartung, although it is closest perhaps to things heard in Act III of Der ferne Klang. The persistent juxtaposition of 'what was' (the exquisite, sometimes almost neoclassical dances of the birthday pageant) with 'what is' (the Dwarf killed by the bitter loss of his own 'natural' innocence) structures the close of the piece, where the returned Infanta's dance prelude, rather as in the Wilde, dismisses the horror and insists upon haughty aesthetic evasion – which is thus thematized as much as it is indulged in here. The 1923 version had entirely omitted the enactment of the mirror scene but concluded with a remarkable little 'Nachspiel' recalling the music of the marionette play that had brought tears to the eyes of the Infanta herself in Wilde's story and even affected the Grand Inquisitor, who found it 'intolerable that things made out of wood and coloured wax, and worked mechanically by wires, should be so unhappy and met with such terrible misfortunes'. The two versions of Der Geburtstag der Infantin have much to tell us about finde-siècle Vienna and the music of one of its most remarkable 'Neutöner'. Interestingly, it is this earlier one that enacts musically and scenically what the later one more subtly suggests. But where the 1923 version ends by voicing a nostalgic sadness that invites sympathy with the Dwarf, the earlier version's modernism embraces a more structurally logical form of closure that nevertheless adopts the coldly self-centred subject-position of the Infanta, who wants only to be distracted by playmates who 'have no hearts'.


The aim of this work is to develop a wireless sensor network for both structural health monitoring of civil infrastructure and seismic event detection and recording. The network is consisted of a small number of nodes, on which high resolution ADXL accelerometers are connected. The nodes are placed within the building in pre-determined locations, in order to acquire and record data generated by seismic activity. A massive installation of such networks could monitor the seismic activity of wide areas within a city, allowing civil safeguard to act quickly in case of serious earthquakes events. The nodes are stationary and the network is self-organized and self-configured. We mainly focus on the routing protocol of the network and the time synchronization of the data. Since all data are gathered to a master node placed at the base of the building, successful transmission to that node is of great importance. Therefore, the developed routing protocol emphasizes at the delivery robustness of the transmitted data, trading off latency. Data travel through a multi-hop order and no periodic routing advertisement is required. Regarding the time synchronization, the desired accuracy is on the order of 1ms. In order to achieve such accuracy, a time synchronization protocol has been developed. Clock differences and drifts between the nodes are calculated and taken into account when synchronizing the acquired data, thus accomplishing even better accuracy (tens of μs). Experimental evaluation in laboratory specially designed set-up, proved that the performance of both protocols meet the needs of the propose application. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin (BTX) therapy in a series of 1,000 treatments on 261 consecutive patients at the University Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Cologne, Germany.


An absorbing boundary condition (ABC), based on the PML BBC of Berenger (1994), used in the frequency domain to terminate the computational grid in electromagnetic scattering simulations is presented. Making use of an impedance-matched lossy layer, with directionally-dependent electric and magnetic conductivity, this ABC is independent of frequency and almost independent of incident angle. Thus it can be placed very close to a scatterer, minimizing the usual buffer of required, uninteresting computational space, and so reduce computer storage and CPU time. With this novel formulation, the ABC can be specified in three dimensions in almost the same manner as the standard FDFD equations, with only a small percentage of increased software overhead. >


Many adaptation strategies focus on improving short-term capacities to cope with environmental change, but ignore the possibility that they might inadvertently increase vulnerability to unforeseen changes in the future. To help develop more effective long-term strategies, we present a conceptual framework of adaptation. The framework emphasizes that in order to ensure that existing problems are not exacerbated, adaptation must: (1) address both human-induced and biophysical drivers of undesired ecological change; (2) maintain a diversity of future response options; and (3) nurture the kinds of human capacities that enable the uptake of those response options. These requirements are often not met when adaptation strategies rely on technological fixes, which tend to concentrate on coping with the biophysical symptoms of problems rather than addressing human behavioral causes. Furthermore, to develop effective, long-term adaptation, greater emphasis is needed on strategies that enhance, rather than erode, th...


Using cosmological simulations, we show that the cosmic web of dwarf galaxies in a warm dark matter (WDM) universe, wherein low mass halo formation is heavily suppressed, is nearly indistinguishable to that of a cold dark matter (CDM) universe whose low mass halos are not seen because galaxy formation is suppressed below some threshold mass. Low mass warm dark matter halos are suppressed nearly equally in all environments. For example, WDM voids in the galaxy distribution are neither larger nor emptier than CDM voids, once normalized to the same total galaxy number density and assuming galaxy luminosity scales with halo mass. It is thus a challenge to find hints about the dark matter particle in the cosmic web of galaxies. However, if the scatter between dwarf galaxy luminosity and halo properties is large, low mass CDM halos would sometimes host bright galaxies thereby populating voids that would be empty in WDM. Future surveys that will capture the small scale clustering in the local volume could thus help determine whether the CDM problem of the over-abundance of small halos with respect to the number density of observed dwarf galaxies has a cosmological solution or an astrophysical solution.


The aim of this paper is to introduce and justify a possible generalization of the classic Bach field equations on a four-dimensional smooth manifold [Formula: see text] in the presence of field [Formula: see text], given by a smooth map with source [Formula: see text] and target another Riemannian manifold. Those equations are characterized by the vanishing of a two times covariant, symmetric, traceless and conformally invariant tensor field, called [Formula: see text]-Bach tensor, that in absence of the field [Formula: see text] reduces to the classic Bach tensor, and by the vanishing another tensor related to the bi-energy of [Formula: see text]. Since solutions of the Einstein-massless scalar field equations, or more generally, of the Einstein field equations with source the wave map [Formula: see text] solves those generalized Bach's equations, we include the latter in our analysis providing a systematic study for them, relying on the recent concept of [Formula: see text]-curvatures. We take the opportunity to discuss the related topic of warped product solutions.


Specifics of business education as an important element of business infrastructure is considered in the article. Various models of managerial education and current situation in Russia in this field are discussed. Perspectives of Russian business education development are presented in the context of social and economical reforms, as well as potential difficulties that it may face.


This article introduces the conception and main forms of informal finance and makes some research on the reason of the existing of informal finance.Furthermore,this article gives some suggestions to the making of China's informal finance policy based on the foreign and domestic research on informal finance.


Silicon-on-Insulator wafers with two probe contacts on the top silicon film act as MOS transistors. This configuration called pseudo-MOSFET is largely used for characterization of material parameters such as mobility of carriers and interface quality. Thinner films or oxides induce stronger electrostatic coupling of surface and interface with the channel. We discuss new developments in the pseudo-MOSFET measurement related to the influence of these phenomena as well as the quality of the contacts on the film. Moreover the pseudo-MOS transistor proves to be highly sensitive to its free surface which opens the road to applications in the sensing field.


BACKGROUND
Simple but accurate tools should be used to identify patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), aiming at an early detection and prevention of serious consequences.

AIM
To assess the predictive value of four sleep questionnaires (Berlin, Epworth Sleepiness Scale [ESS], STOP, and STOP-Bang) in the screening of patients with OSAS.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
The four sleep questionnaires were administered to 1,050 snorers aged 56 ± 15 years (68% males) assessed at a sleep clinic. An overnight unattended respiratory polygraphy was performed to all patients to confirm the diagnosis of OSAS. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of the four questionnaires were calculated.

RESULTS
Eighty four percent of participants had OSAS. The clinical variables associated with OSAS risk were age, male gender, hypertension, overweight, cervical circumference, waist/hip ratio, history of snoring, witnessed apneas and nycturia. Eighty-three, 86, 92 and 46 % of cases were classified as having a high risk for OSAS, according to the Berlin, STOP and STOP-Bang questionnaires and ESS, respectively. STOP and STOP-Bang questionnaires had the highest sensitivity to predict OSAS (88 and 95%, respectively) while the Flemons Index had the highest specificity (82%).

CONCLUSIONS
Sleep questionnaires were able to identify patients with a high risk for OSAS but without accurately excluding those at low risk.


It states that three-dimensional content can be generated from two slightly different panoramic view of a scene. The strength of this thought lies in both the intrinsic movement parallax and single effective viewpoint that is associated with the panoramic view of a scene. These factors when effectively put together have the potential to provide pure perspective image. Three-dimensional effect in a single panoramic image is realized by superimposing a pair of panoramic view images. A special fascination of the resultant image is that depending on how the initial panoramic views are generated, the natural scenery and three-dimensional effect in the composed anaglyph panorama differs. A pair of anaglyph glasses would be used by a group of people to view the depth effect in the stereoscopic panorama.


The laser efficiency is an important parameter, and we pay more attention to the maximum conversion efficiency of a laser in many cases. By taking into account the single-photon absorption (SPA) and two-photon absorption (TPA) processes of GaAs, the Gaussian spatial distributions of the intracavity photon density and the initial population-inversion density, and the pumping and the spontaneous emission during the pulse formation, the new normalized rate equations of a GaAs saturable absorber Q-switched laser are solved numerically, and the optimum laser efficiency of GaAs saturable absorber Q-switched laser is determined. A group of general curves are generated, which clearly show the dependence of the optimum laser efficiency on the parameters of the gain medium, the GaAs saturable absorber, and the resonator. In addition, the influence including the space variation, the pumping and the spontaneous emission is also shown. Sample calculations for a diode-pumped Nd3+:YVO4 laser with a GaAs saturable absorber are presented to demonstrate the use of the curves and the relevant formulas.


The invention provides a method and device for controlling refrigerator noise. The method comprises the following steps: collecting the current temperatures of the refrigerating chamber and chilling chamber of a refrigerator; determining a temperature deviation of the refrigerating chamber according to the collected current temperature of the refrigerating chamber and a preset target temperature of the refrigerating chamber, and determining a temperature deviation of the chilling chamber according to the collected current temperature of the chilling chamber and a preset target temperature of the chilling chamber; and controlling the operating mode of a compressor and/or variable speed fan of the refrigerator according to the temperature deviation of the refrigerating chamber and the temperature deviation of the chilling chamber. According to the method provided by the invention, the switching of the operating mode of the compressor and variable speed fan of the refrigerator is controlled by analyzing the actual temperature data of each chamber of the refrigerator, the noise interference problem of a refrigerator can be more accurately solved, and a user can more comfortably use the refrigerator. Besides, the method can be simply performed while the production cost is not increased.


A key concept in the emerging field of spintronics is the electric field control of spin precession via the effective magnetic field generated by the Rashba spin orbit interaction (RSOI). Here, by extensive Density Matrix Renormalization Group computations, we demonstrate the presence of alternating spin current order in the gapped phases of a quantum wire with spatially modulated RSOI and repulsive electron-electron interactions. Our results are analytically supported by bosonization and by a mapping to a locally rotated spin basis.


Abstract Jackendoff and other linguists have acknowledged that there is gradience in language but have tended to treat gradient phenomena as separate from the core of language, which is viewed as fully productive and compositional. This perspective suffuses Jackendoff's (2007) response to our position paper (Bybee and McClelland 2005). We argue that gradience is an inherent feature of language representation, processing, and learning, and that natural language exhibits all degrees of gradience. Contrary to Jackendoff's assertions, we do not reject the possibility of innate constraints on language, feeling only that the jury is out on the nature and specificity of such constraints. We address a number of questions Jackendoff raises about the process of grammaticalization, drawing on extant literature of which he appears to be unaware. We also address Jackendoff's views on the prospect that connectionist models can address core aspects of language processing and representation. Here again extant literature of which Jackendoff seems unaware addresses all four of his general objections to connectionist approaches.


Ghost imaging, which is an indirect imaging technique that uses correlations between two beams to retrieve the information of an object, is applicable to any wavelength. It has been performed with a growing range of light sources, including x-rays, the visible, and the infrared, and has also been extended to atoms and electrons recently. In this Letter, we demonstrate acoustical ghost imaging using the correlation between random acoustic patterns, which are generated by the phase and delaying manipulation of a transducer array and the total transmitted intensity signals. Furthermore, the reconstruction quality and resolution can be further improved by compressed sensing. This study shows a demonstration of ghost imaging using mechanical waves. Moreover, this approach requires fewer computational resources and offers great promise for high-speed and high-resolution acoustical imaging.


The Mobile ad hoc network (MANET)is more prone to various attacks due to its network characteristics such as unreliable of links, lack of centralized administration and mobile nodes in the network. The defense in the network has to be increased tremendously to face the bad attacks. In order to achieve security in MANET, availability, integrity, nonrepudiation and authentication must be satisfied by the network. Providing authentication is the key issue in MANET during detection of correct route in infrastructure less network. This paper reviews various security attacks Keywords— Security, Ad hoc network, Routing, MANET


As higher and higher frequency signals are sampled, clock jitter limits the achievable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). This clock jitter limit is reviewed for upfront sampled ADCs and continuous-time (CT) sigma-delta modulators ( s). A pulse-shaped feedback digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is proposed to mitigate the jitter-imposed SNR limit in CT s. An intuitive analysis that compares the pulse-shaped DAC to conventional DACs is presented. This analysis as well as a more rigorous analysis shows that the pulse-shaped feedback has potential for significant SNR improvement over conventional CT sa s well as any upfront sampled system. For typical jitter, phase and amplitude noise numbers, SNR improvement is on the order of 17 dB over a conventional CT and 8 dB over an upfront sampled ADC for a 1-GHz input.


Experimental investigation on the extraction of scandium from scandiumbearing chlorizated residue was carried out. The processincluded: (1) leaching Sc with hydrochloric acid, (2) Sc precipitation from the leaching solution, and (3) liquidliquid extraction of Sc. The results show that under the best condition of the process, the percentage of leaching, precipitation and LL extraction rates of Sc are 83%, 100% and 99.7% respectively, iron and maganese can be leaved out effectively and the separation of scadium with iron and manganese impurities are brought into being in the process. 


In large-scale mobile networks, energy minimization problem pertaining to base station (BS) switching is known to require high computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a data-driven energy-saving (DDE) framework which partitions the networks into communities. Each community can separately make decisions with low computational cost. We introduce a novel metric to measure the collaborative relationship among BSs. Then, the mobile networks are partitioned via a multiscale community detection method. To improve the cell zooming performance, we estimate the aggregate traffic demands of the communities based on the historical traffic profile. A heuristic switch-off strategy is proposed to maximize the energy savings while guaranteeing minimal service requirements. Experiments with two real regional cellular network datasets show that the proposed DDE framework can conserve a significant amount of energy and leverage the tradeoff between energy savings and the blockage ratio.


Equally distributed covering of working space is essential in some mobile robot applications, such as presentation robotics or security robot patrol. This paper explores a method for such covering based on rapidly exploring random trees (RRT) algorithm. RRTs can cover the working space close to completeness while uncovered areas are quickly reduced. The algorithm can be modified to emphasize certain areas of interest by appropriately generating corresponding goals. Method performance is compared to random walk in simulation experiments.


ABSTRACT With the sponsorship of SEACLEAN S.A., Luxembourg, the Geneva Research Centre of Battelle carried out an analytical study on devices designed to remove oil slicks floating on water. The conclusion was that the majority of existing devices are not easily adaptable to marine operation. To overcome this disadvantage, Battelle has conceived a new device described in this paper. The system is composed of a rotating, multi-thread screw in a casing. The oil and water enter the system at a given speed and are trapped between the threads. As the pitch of the threads progressively diminishes, the oil thickens and is removed by a pump from a chamber situated at the end of the screw, while the water is removed through an aperture below the screw casing. Disordered motion of the waves is absorbed by the last stage of the screw and the whole device follows the movement of the swell. This paper also describes the related laboratory development work and data on the performance of the device. The research team co...


In this paper, many new explicit and exact travelling wave solutions for Burgers-Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piscounov(Burgers-KPP) equations are obtained by using hyperbola function method and Wu-elimination method, which include new singular solitary wave solutions and periodic solutions. Particular important cases of the equation, such as the generalized Burgers-Fisher equation, Burgers-Chaffee infante equation and KPP equation, the corresponding solutions can be obtained also. The method can also solve other nonlinear partial differential equations.


Ovarian cancer is a key cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in the middle aged women. It is particularly deadly gynecologic malignancy. It ranks among the top ten diagnosed cancers and top five deadliest cancers in most countries (1) (Ferlay et al., 2010). During the year 2002, it was ranked third in frequency (4.1%) among all cancers in women, with an estimated 2, 04, 499 new cases occurring in the world (2) (Parkin et al., 2005). In India, during the period 20042005, proportion of ovarian cancer varied from 1.7% to 8.7% of all female cancers in various urban and rural population based registries operating under the network of the National Cancer Registry programme (NCRP) of Indian Council Medical Research. The proportion of this cancer was 6.0% and 7.7% of all cancers among females in rural Barshi and Ahmedabad registry areas (National Cancer Registry Programme, 2008).


The article discusses a new classification system for haircuts, which consists of two neural networks. The user can get information about the type of hairstyle and the guide on how to do this hairstyle by photo. For the first part of the model, we use a convolutional neural network of a complex structure that highlights hair using segmentation in the photo and collects data about the parameters of the hairstyle. This allows the system to more accurately determine the type of male haircut, allowing you to use this tool in various fields of activity. The second neural network is a classifier that processes the information received from the first neural network and determines the type of haircut of the user.


The problem of robust stability for linear systems with a constant time delay in the state and subject to real convex polytopic uncertainty is considered .First of all,for robust stability,new matrix inequalities characterization of delay dependent quadratic stability results were exploited to demonstrate that it allows the use of parameter dependent Lyapunov functionals in comparison to the classical one,whose drawback stands in the use of a single Lyapunov function to assess the stability over the whole uncertainty domain.Next,the problem of determining the maximum time delay under which the system will remain stable is cast into a generalized eigenvalue problem and thus solved by LMI techniques.Finally,an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Infrared spectroscopy findings from a recently generated H6+ cation point to a highly anharmonic, strongly coupled system with unique isomer structures.Infrared spectroscopy findings from a recently generated H6+ cation point to a highly anharmonic, strongly coupled system with unique isomer structures.


HLA-DQB1*02:141 differs from HLA-DQB1*02:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution at codon 55 in exon 2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


The present study evaluated the anti-depressant properties of A. calamus rhizome in a forced swimming test (FST) of mice model. Three doses of methanol extract of rhizome (200,400 and 600 mg extract/kg b.wt) and imipramine (15 mg/kg b.wt), a positive control, were orally administered once a day for the consecutive period of 14 days in Balb/c mice. The effect of extract on immobility period was measured using forced swimming test. The levels of cortisol monoamine oxidase and neurotransmitters were analyzed using standard methods. The anti-depressant effect was observed maximum at the dose of 200 mg/kg. b.wt that caused 23.82% reduction in immobility period. The extract also significantly attenuated the FST-induced elevation of plasma cortisol, monoamine oxidase activity and returned the altered levels of neurotransmitters near to the normal levels in brain. These results of the present study suggest that the extract of A. calamus rhizome  has  antidepressant-like activity which is mediated by modulating the central neurochemical as well as HPA (hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal) axis in response to stress induced by FST. Therefore, A.calamus rhizome may be used as a valuable herbal supplement for the treatment of depression related conditions.


1. Mabs with a high affinity for free lipid A do not bind when it is covalently linked, i.e. in the form of LPS. 2. Lipid A-binding Mabs may be divided into three categories: I. Monoreactive Mabs that bind to the hydrophillic backbone of lipid A II. Polyreactive Kdo Mabs III. Polyreactive Mabs that bind by hydrophobic interactions 3. rBPI23 binds either free or covalently linked lipid A.


The authors find a U-shaped relation between long-run excess returns after buyback authorization announcements and firm centrality in the Input-Output trade flow network.As centrality may be non-linearly related to information asymmetry between firm insiders and outside investors, these results provide direct support for the market timing hypothesis of buybacks: while high centrality can increase information asymmetry due to information processing costs, low centrality can increase it due to information availability differences.Strikingly, unlike all past findings of positive abnormal returns in the literature on repurchases, significantly negative post-buyback announcement long-run excess returns are observed for some mid-centrality firms.


management of a companion crop is critical to successful establishment of perennial forages (Albrecht and Hall, Weed control during alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) establishment is 1995). a primary concern of forage producers. Companion crops and clearWeed management is important for decreasing comseeding with an herbicide are commonly used methods for establishing alfalfa. This study evaluated an alternative method in which alfalfa petition with alfalfa and for increasing alfalfa yield and is seeded into a winter-killed mulch residue from a fall-seeded winter quality during the establishment year (Chapko et al., cover crop of oat (Avena sativa L.) and compared it with seven other 1991; Hall et al., 1995). Weed control, during legume establishment methods: (i) drilled with postemergence application of establishment without a companion crop, is critical to imazethapyr {( )-2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxoobtain a productive stand (Zollinger and Meyer, 1996). 2-imidazol-2-y1]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid}, (ii) drilled with Herbicide use, when seeding alfalfa alone, reduces weed postemergence application of sethoxydim {2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl] densities and allows better stands of pure alfalfa to be 5-[2-(ethylthio)propo]-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one}, (iii) drilled with obtained in the seeding year (Schmid and Beherns, no oat and no herbicide, (iv) oat companion crop harvested for silage, 1972). Competition, provided by weeds or companion (v) oat companion crop harvested for grain, (vi) spring-planted oat crops, reduces the total season alfalfa yield compared drilled with postemergence application of sethoxydim, and (vii) broadcast seeding without weed control. Field studies were conducted at two with alfalfa seeded alone with an herbicide (Sheaffer Iowa locations in 1996 and 1997. The oat companion-crop treatment et al., 1988). Lanini et al. (1991) found similar weed harvested for silage yielded the greatest forage dry matter (DM) in percentages in alfalfa treatments established with a comthe establishment year. However, drilled treatments without an oat panion crop or alone with an herbicide. Weed control companion crop, including the control, resulted in greater alfalfa stand during establishment also increased alfalfa shoot weight densities. Treatments with sethoxydim had lower grass weed densities and leaf number (Stout et al., 1992). in the establishment year while the drilled control and oat residue Clear-seeding is a planting method that provides an mulch treatment had the greatest. Treatments containing oat, and alternative to using a companion crop. This method clear-seeded with imazethapyr, had the lowest broadleaf weed densiprovides decreased competition from companion crops ties in the establishment year. During the establishment year, forage and increases in harvested alfalfa yields in the establishquality was greatest where alfalfa density was high and weed density was low. Because no significant yield or quality differences were found ment year (Simmons et al., 1992). Herbicides are necesamong treatments in the year after establishment, method chosen for sary for weed control and are advantageous for firstestablishment should be based on forage needs during the establishyear yields of clear-seeded alfalfa (Sheaffer et al., 1988). ment year. Imazethapyr is a postemergence selective herbicide that was labeled for use on alfalfa in January 1995 (Dahmer, 1995). Imazethapyr gives excellent control of annual A has traditionally been established in the grass and broadleaf weeds. Some short-term plant stuntMidwest with a companion crop such as oat (Chapko ing, however, can occur for alfalfa plants, but this does et al., 1991; Simmons et al., 1995). Companion crops not lead to phytotoxic effects by harvest time (Zollinger are advantageous to alfalfa during establishment beand Meyer, 1996). cause they suppress weed germination, growth, and A method of establishing alfalfa that utilizes the attricompetition and decrease the potential for soil erosion butes of both companion cropping and herbicide use (Wollenhaupt et al., 1995). Companion crops can inwas introduced in the late 1980s (Twidwell et al., 1993). crease total dry matter (DM) production during the Sethoxydim is a postemergence herbicide that can be establishment year (Sturgul et al., 1990; Chapko et al., used during alfalfa establishment to control grass weeds 1991). Companion crops can also negatively affect alor oat (Twidwell et al., 1993). Sethoxydim application falfa during establishment by competing for light, moisto alfalfa and oat is very effective in killing the companture, and nutrients, which can lead to reduced yield ion crop and other grass weeds that might be present. (Hall et al., 1995) and decreased plant density (Lanini This provides a pure stand of high quality alfalfa forage et al., 1991; Nickel et al., 1990). Appropriate harvest for harvest (Stute and Posner, 1993). A postemergence application of sethoxydim to oat growing with alfalfa can also optimize alfalfa yields in the establishment year Dep. of Agron., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011-1010. Journal (Curran et al., 1990; Twidwell et al., 1993). Another Paper no. J-18704 of the Iowa Agric. and Home Econ. Exp. Stn., Ames. Project no. 2899, supported by Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds. Received 25 Aug. 2000. *Corresponding author (kjmoore@ Abbreviations: ADF, acid detergent fiber; ADL, acid detergent lignin; iastate.edu). CP, crude protein; DM, dry matter; IVDMD, in vitro dry matter digestibility; NDF, neutral detergent fiber. Published in Agron. J. 94:65–71 (2002).


Management practices used in maize production have an impact on soil agro- ecosystems where different microbial communities coexist. Soil inhabiting bacteria are numerous and diverse, but we know very little about their ecological distribution. Here we analyzed the bacterial community diversity in the rhizosphere of two transgenic maize cultivars, in agricultural soil before sowing and in non-cultivated soil in an experimental site in the south region of Uruguay. We followed two culture-independent methods: DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) and 454-pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicon. Through pyrosequencing, the three environments analyzed presented differences in terms of bacterial composition. However, no differences were found in the relative abundance of the ten most represented phyla in the rhizosphere of the two cultivars at different phenological stages. We found significant differences of Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, Planctomycetes, Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia phyla when comparing agricultural and non-cultivated soils, as well as a significant enrichment of members of the phylum Gemmatimonadetes in all rhizosphere samples compared to soil. Through DGGE analysis we evidenced that maize rhizosphere bacterial communities changed at different phenological stages in both cultivars. We also provided baseline information about bacterial specific taxa within maize agro- ecosystem for further evaluation of possible rhizosphere bacterial community shifts of genetically modified maize cultivars under different management practices.


Arguing that culture is shaped by location and practice, this essay advocates the study of common practices across virtual worlds to better understand how shared practices constitute cultures spanning multiple worlds. Connections among worlds are growing, as world designers borrow from similar influences and player bases gain experience with multiple worlds, leading to cultures potentially defined by the practices they share, rather than the worlds they inhabit.


Optimization techniques are powerful in determining inputs to a process that will drive its output to a desired target. This inverse control problem reduces to minimizing a positive cost function that measures the difference between the output and its target value. In this paper, we present a method for inverse control that uses a combination of artificial neural net modeling and optimization. We apply this method to the desulphurization of hot metal process. In this steel industry application, the sulphur content of hot metal, obtained at the end of calcium carbide powder injection into 400 ton torpedo ladles is predicted as a function of hot metal weight, treatment time, initial sulphur content, gas flow rate, and powder injection rate. Based on the prediction model, the optimization algorithm coordinates the five inputs or part of them to achieve a desired sulphur content in the hot metal.


A measure of diversity can be based on Simpson's index which is the abundance-weighted mean of species proportions. Likewise, an index of evenness, E MS = (Σp i 2 ) 2 /Σ p i 3 , can be based on the abundance-weighted coefficient of variation of species proportions p i . E MS measures the shape of the species-abundance relation, and is 0.75 + 0.25λ 2 for the geometric series distribution. This simple relation allows the geometric series to be used as a benchmark; communities that have relatively long 'tails' of rare species have correspondingly low evenness, whereas communities with short 'tails' have high evenness. Except for species richness, there is no necessity to reject the view that diversity and evenness are measurable parameters of a community rather than statistics of a sample.


While design-for-testability (DFT) techniques are generally used in order to reduce test generation complexity, they induce over-testing problems. In general, DFT techniques make a large number of untestable paths testable. However delay on the path that becomes testable does not affect circuit performance because the path was originally untestable. Therefore we consider testing such path to be over-testing. In this work, we reduce the over-testing by identifying false paths using register transfer level information. Our method identifies a subset of false paths within a reasonable time. Experimental results for some RTL benchmark circuits show the effectiveness of our false path identification method.


There were great differences between Chinese ancient culture and Greek ancient culture, both originated almost in the same time—about 500 BC, like two long rivers, both flowed to different historical directions. As a result, Europe after Renaissance inherited and developed the cultural tradition of ancient Greece, thus, European modern science-technology developed faster and faster as time went on, and finally brought Europe into industrial revolution and capitalism. On the contrary, China had kept the feudal system and ancient Chinese cultural tradition to the ending of 19 century, but the sprout of modern science was not born out yet. In this article, it will be researched, that the different natural environment and different social-political-economical systems had the decisive influence to culture, thus, the different modes of thinking and behavior of ancient people finally exerted the different results to sprout of modern science in old China and in Europe. It is not the gist of this article to do comprehensive summing-up and analysis to two ancient cultures. (The Journal of American Science. 2005;1(2):65-76). Note: This article is the continuation of author's former article "New Concepts to the Change of Human Social-economical Formation and the Development of Human Society", which was published on "The Journal of American Science ". Its website is: http://www.americanscience.org/journal/2005/current. In that article, it was pointed out that old China had kept feudal system over 2,000 years and could not turn into capitalism, because no other motive power produced by modern science-technology except manpower and animal-power was used in production.


Tracking a moving person is challenging because a person's appearance in images changes significantly due to articulation, viewpoint changes, and lighting variation across a scene. And different people appear differently due to numerous factors such as body shape, clothing, skin color, and hair. In this paper, we introduce a multi-cue tracking technique that uses prior information about the 2D image shape of people in general along with an appearance model that is learned online for a specific individual. Assuming a static camera, the background is modeled and updated online. Rather than performing thresholding and blob detection during tracking, a foreground probability map (FPM) is computed which indicates the likelihood that a pixel is not the projection of the background. Offline, a shape model of walking people is estimated from the FPMs computed from training sequences. During tracking, this generic prior model of human shape is used for person detection and to initialize a tracking process. As this prior model is very generic, a model of an individual's appearance is learned online during the tracking. As the person is tracked through a sequence using both shape and appearance, the appearance model is refined and multi-cue tracking becomes more robust.


Counterfeiting of medicines constitutes as a threat to public health, which nowadays has a "pandemic character". In this regard, the legislation of the Republic of Belarus should properly address the risks caused by counterfeited medicines. Being a member of several economic alliances aimed at simplifying turnover of goods, including medical products, Belarus needs to develop comprehensive preventive measures and provide effective and proportionate criminal and other sanctions for the commission of acts connected with counterfeiting of medicines. This article focuses on key factors which impact the development of Belarusian legislation. The main obstacles for effective international cooperation in criminal matters concerning turnover of counterfeit medicines are also explored. Amendments to legislation aimed at improving the effectiveness of combating counterfeiting of medicines will also be discussed.


Bonds has always been considered as a less risky investment with stable income.Financing by bond is one of the most important direct financing methods.The overpricing or underpricing of Bonds affect the financing cost to issuers and the profit of the investors.In the development of Chinese bonds,it is the kernel that how to price them in the financial market.The bond-pricing model of Cox-Ingersoll-Ross assumes that the short rate following diffusion process and the long-run mean of it is fixed.we assume the long-run mean that follows a discontinous jump process is not fixed in this paper.The central bank determines the number and size of jumps per unit time through the general price level.Under this assumption,we build a new model,then use Ito Lemma and capital asset pricing to give the bond-pricing formula of discounted bond with a face value of 1 yuan.


We clarify as follows Fig. 2 and the single paragraph of a 14 page article (Allain et al. 1996) which have been questioned by P. Boissel (1997) in his Comment. Fig. 2 of Allain et al. (1996) compares for a number of PAHs the calculated rates of loss of C2H2 (RRK theory) with PhotoThermoDissociation (PTD) (Leger et al. 1989) calculations of the rate of loss of C2, using a value D(-C2) = 8 eV and a preexponential factor 1017 s−1. PTD calculations require evaluation of vibrational energy level densities of the species whose dissociation rates are to be determined. Experimental data on the complete set of vibrational frequencies of a PAH are only incompletely or not at all available for most PAHs. In practice the necessary vibrational frequencies are estimated or approximated and statistical methods are used for the determination of approximate energy level densities required for PTD calculations using the Inverse LaplaceTransform (ILT)method (Forst 1973;Leger et al. 1989). Thus, although the PTD-ILT and RRKmethods both require experimental input, this input ismade the basis for approximations inherent in the calculation methods used. It is thus premature to assert, as does Boissel in his Comment, that "if both calculations are based on experimental results, the ILTmethod becomes better...". This is asserted by Boissel to be the case "especially for the evolution of the rate near the dissociation threshold". Pathological behaviour of calculated rates near threshold can also occur in calculations using statistical methods to obtain a function from its average; this may have the correct average behaviour but not necessarily the correct behaviour at some particular energy (Forst 1973). In any case, dissociation rates in the threshold region are difficult to evaluate by any method, since in this region it is necessary to take into account more specific dynamic processes, such as those involving centrifugal effects in the fragmenting species. We acknowledge textual cleaning-up negligence concerning the definition of E0 mentioned in Boissel's footnote. Of course, the calculations in the whole of our paper were based on the correct definition of this quantity. In our paper (Allain et al. 1996) the few lines devoted to a comparison of the PTD-ILT and RRK methods do not bear on the detailed results of our study on the photodestruction of PAHs in the interstellar medium. They serve only to emphasize, as clearly stated in our paper, that use of the semi-empirical RRK technique method, based on constants whose values are fixed by experimental results on the dissociation of PAH species (Jochims et al. 1994), is simpler than the PTD-ILT method and that it gives results that are satisfactory in the context of the study carried out.


Ferromanganese encrusted hardgrounds, their intraclasts and the nuclei of manganese nodules collected from the central Indian Ocean basin have yielded plentiful numbers of ichthyoliths. Forty well-known ichthyoliths, one new type and 35 new subtypes are encountered. To accommodate these newly recovered ichthyoliths, the coded descriptive system for the taxonomy of ichthyoliths (Doyle and Riedel 1979a and its later modifications) is updated herein. New ichthyoliths are described and illustrated. A majority of them are believed to be of Paleogene age. INTRODUCTION SYSTEMATICS The distribution of microscopic skeletal fragments of fishes or ichthyoliths has been studied in various DSDP sites from the world's oceans. Recent works of Edgerton et al. (1977), Kaneps et al. (1981), Doyle and Riedel (1979b, 1985a and 1985b), Gottfried et al. (1985) and Tway et al. (1985) have established biostratigraphic ranges of the ichthyolith subtypes, which can be used for correlation in otherwise unfossiliferous pelagic Tertiary sediments. The ferromanganese encrustations and the nodules collected during various cruises for the survey of polymetallic nodules in the central Indian Ocean basin (text-fig. 1, table 1) yielded many ichthyoliths in otherwise unfossiliferous substrates and nuclei of encrustations and nodules. The nuclei and substrates of ferromanganese nodules and encrustations are made up of burrowed and bored pelagic clays. The earlier described ichthyoliths are recognized and many new ichthyoliths are encountered. In this paper, the author has attempted to describe new ichthyoliths by modifying the coded descriptive system of ichthyoliths. MATERIAL AND METHODS The nuclei and substrates of the ferromanganese encrustations and nodules are chiefly of two types; altered basalts and pelagic claystones and clayclasts. Tie clayclasts are the intraclasts of burrowed and bored pelagic hardgrounds (Gupta, in prep.). The nuclei material was scraped with a sharp knife and broken into small pieces (0.5cm), dried, weighed and dispersed in sodium hexa-meta-phosphate then boiled in H202 for 4 hours. The material was sieved on a 62gm mesh screen. The fragmentary fish micro-remains were picked using a fine camel hair brush under a binocular microscope, placed on glass slides and then mounted in Canada balsam. These fish micro-remains were studied under a transmitted light microscope and identified by decoding the coded descriptors. The type material and subtypes of the newly described ichthyoliths are housed at the Geological Oceanography Division of the National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India. The taxonomy of ichthyoliths is determined by decoding the coded descriptive system given by Doyle et al. (1974), Dunsworth et al. (1975), Ramsey et al. (1976), Doyle and Riedel (1979a, 1980, 1985b), Gottfried et al. (1984), Tway et al. (1985) and Winfrey et al. (1987) and are described using the same 70' E 80' IO N \\I LEiAi890 I


This paper discusses basics of cloud computing, viz., cloud characteristics, models and architecture. The importance of the cloud computing has been argued against the back drop of cloud computing service providers in India. It outlines cloud computing scenario since its adoption in India. Some of the legal and regulatory issues are also covered along with the initiatives taken by the Government of India.


Engine room machinery has evolved tremendously over the last 150 years, but have the risks associated with its operation declined in proportion? Head of the Salvage Association John Lillie casts a panoramic eye.


In a U(3)x U(3) quark chiral model of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type with the 't Hooft interaction, the ground scalar isoscalar mesons and a scalar glueball are described. The glueball (dilaton) is introduced into the effective meson Lagrangian written in a chirally symmetric form on the base of scale invariance. The singlet-octet mixing of scalar isoscalar mesons and their mixing with the glueball are taken into account. Mass spectra of the scalar mesons and glueball and their strong decays are described.


The present invention discloses a kind of monoclonal antibody for detecting type O foot and mouth disease virus and its preparation process and use.


In many organizational settings, managers have superior information relative to their supervisors. Managers can exploit their private information for personal benefits at the expense of the organization. Organizations use a variety of control instruments such as contract form and participative budgeting to reduce losses from information asymmetry; however budgetary misreporting can erode organizational surplus. We explore the effects of a control instrument commonly observed in practice, namely, organizational mission statements. We experimentally examine the effects of mission statements on budgetary misreporting and their interactive effects with contract form in a participative budgeting setting. We find that implementing a mission statement reduces misreporting. Not only is the existence of a mission statement an effective control mechanism, but the content of the mission statement is also relevant. When organizations use mission statements that emphasize organizational integrity, subordinates respond with greater honesty than when organizations use mission statements that emphasize financial goals. Additionally, we find that mission statements interact with contract form such that that the positive effect of a mission statement is more pronounced in the presence of a participative budgeting system that reduces managerial discretion. Our findings have implications for the design of control systems.


This user-friendly reference assists in the initial evaluation and treatment of the most frequently encountered problems in internal medicine, both common and potentially life-threatening. The largest portion of the book consists of 64 of the most common or important internal medicine on-call problems. Each chapter includes a presenting problem, immediate questions, differential diagnosis, laboratory and other diagnostic data, and treatment plan. Additional chapters such as lab tests, procedures, fluids and electrolytes, blood component therapy, ventilator management, and commonly used medications are also included and enhance the book's value as a single-source reference.


Teacher educators throughout the world are increasingly under pressure to develop educational programs and school-based relationships which respond simultaneously to the multiple consequences of changed and changing technologies, new understandings of identity (what it means to be a teacher and a student) and persistently uneven pattems of educational (and social) success. Responses to these challenges regularly draw upon computer and communication technologies (CCTs) in the sometimes optimistic belief that this will improve the chance of any educational reform having a positive impact on students at risk of educational alienation and failure. Unfortunately, the gap between the hopeful embrace of technology and the actual outcomes delivered by technologically mediated educational innovations is often quite considerable. This paper investigates the kinds of educational conversations that are necessary to allow us to move beyond these optimistic adoptions of technology to address long standing patterns of educational success and failure and outlines a framework for transformative work in this area.


Formulations based on mineral fillers and polymeric matrices of different nature were studied to obtain halogen-free flame retardant compounds (HFFR) for cable applications. The work was carried out by comparing fire-retardant mineral fillers of natural origin with synthetic mineral ones available on the market. As a reference, a formulation based on micronized natural magnesium hydroxide (n-MDH, obtained from brucite) and an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer with 28% by weight (11% by moles) of vinyl acetate were selected, and the mechanical and flame retardant properties compared with formulations based on secondary polymers combined with EVA, metal hydroxides, and carbonates. Notably, we found a synergistic effect in the mechanical, rheological and flame retardant properties for the composite containing a mixture of n-MDH and boehmite in a 3:1 weight ratio. Overall, the present work provided a complete and optimized recipe for the formulation of polymer composites characterized by the required flame retardant and mechanical features in electric cables applications.


ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to assess twinning as an innovative experiment in interagency collaboration. We do this by describing the twinning of two Dutch governmental agencies, the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND) and the Social Insurance Bank (SVB). We focus on the rationale behind this partnership and the activities undertaken and evaluate the twinning using two different frameworks, a means-ends approach and a multiple process model. By doing so we not only assess whether the twinning of IND and SVB can be seen as an innovative experiment in interagency collaboration but also how such practices can best be evaluated.Key words: Interagency collaboration, twinning, evaluation.Introduction: collaboration as a challengeOver the last ten years or so, judged by the vast number of academic and practical books and magazine and journal articles published on the subject, collaboration between organizations has become a key issue in both the commercial and public sector. As resources are scarce and the action autonomy of any individual actor limited at best, alliances and networks become increasingly important for the success and, ultimately, the survival of any organization.In both the public and the private sectors, organizations hope to achieve innovation and synergy by working together across their boundaries. Enterprises collaborate to develop new products, open up markets, share risks, make investments and develop knowledge (Barringer & Harrison, 2000; Doz, 1996; Reuer, 2004). Public agencies form alliances and networks to provide better services to clients with complex problems and to achieve a joint effort in tackling wicked social problems. Collaboration is also used as a tool to open up bureaucratic organizations and to let them learn from more successful ones (Bason, 2010; De Ridder, 2007; O'Leary & Blomgren Bingham, 2009; Yoshino, 1996).Collaboration is widely used as a buzzword today, but some critical work has been published (cf. Lotia & Hardy, 2008). Organizations trying to cooperate with each other often find this a challenging enterprise. The time and money cost of organizing cooperation often seem to be the main constraint in the private sector. Not surprisingly most collaboration initiatives fail in the commercial world: according to Darby (2006) up to 70% of partnerships do not deliver on their promises, a truly staggering percentage.In the public sector, collaboration often is difficult due to the fragmented nature of government as a result of the shortcomings of both traditional bureaucracy and New Public Management (NPM). Traditional bureaucracy, with its focus on functional differentiation, often impedes collaboration as it leads to departmentalism and the creation of silos or stovepipes. New Public Management practices are equally prone to hampering collaboration, as NPM's focus on performance tends to favour competition rather than cooperation (Christensen & Lae greid, 2007; Head & Alford, 2008).In order to unlock collaboration's promises and to overcome its difficulties, organizations in the public and the private sector are on the lookout for new, innovative practices which help them overcome the challenges of collaboration. We discuss one such practice in this paper, the twinning between two Dutch agencies, the Immigration and Naturalisation Service (IND1) and the Social Insurance Bank (SVB2). We describe the rationale behind this partnership and the activities to which it led and follow this by an evaluation using two different frameworks: a means-ends approach and a multiple process model. By doing so, we not only discuss whether the twinning we describe can be seen as an innovative practice but also how experimental forms of collaboration could best be assessed.MethodThis article is based on an action research project (Lewin, 1946; Argyris, Putnam & Smith, 1985; Stringer, 2007) we conducted at the behest of IND and SVB during the entire course of their twinning. …


From the Publisher:
A clear, concise and practical book for non-technical business owners on how to computerize their enterprise. Describes how to purchase a computer, word processing, spreadsheet analysis, database, software/hardware selection, peripherals, using a computer and much more. This expanded revision includes new products, an extensive discussion of DOS versus Windows, multi-user systems, additional types of database software plus extended coverage of spreadsheets and desktop publishing.


The paper presented some interesting results on the selection of near-minimum time geometric paths for robotic manipulators. However, there are certain parts of this paper which need to be clarified.


The experinent about the artificial cultivation of the wild Dendrobium flexicaule showed that indoor planting was better than planting in a shade-frame,and the surviving percentages were 82 7% and 80 3% respectively.Under indoor planting conditions,the surviving percentage was 79 8% from February to March and 81 2% from September to October.The Highest surviving percentage was 87 7% fertilized with 200g/m 2 seedcake.The land was irrigated better with water in a mountain or spring than that in a well or river,and the surviving percentages were 90 7%,85 3% and 82 5% respectinelty.The surviving percentage increased with the increase of altitude and shade density.Concrete techniques and measures for artificial cultivation were also introduced.


Each nation's cultural level is also determined to a certain extent by literacy level of the representatives of the nation and in this case orthographic skills are also important. Literacy is not only measured by the ability to write words, but also by the ability to write them correctly. This skill is formed and developed in direct connection with all levels of language.


In this paper, a theory of "clumps" in drift-wave turbulence is developed, based on the stochastic treatment of trajectories developed by Misguich and Balescu. It is shown that there exists a clump effect in a magnetized turbulent plasma as well as in an un-magnetized one. The existence of this effect makes the actual diffusion across the magnetic field much smaller than the diffusion predicted by Dupree's theory. Ah explicit expression for the clump life-time is derived this life-time is proportional to the diffusion (across magnetic field) characteristic time and depends logarithmically on the initial relative position of particles.


Abstract Based on the Lyapunov stability theorem associated with induced norm of matrix and matrix measure techniques, this paper addresses the robust stability analysis for linear time-delay systems with uncertainties. Several new criteria, expressed by concise inequalities, are presented to guarantee the robust stability and stability with a specified decaying rate for the above systems. Both nonlinear norm-bounded and highly structured parametric uncertainties are discussed. Finally, the superiority of the proposed results is demonstrated in the illustrative examples by comparing with those available in the literature


Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common leukemia in adults, is standardly managed with chemotherapy in combination with the anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. In this review, we discuss the history, use, and evolution of rituximab in the treatment of CLL and explore the next generation CD20 antibodies ofatumumab and obinutuzumab with a focus on recent clinical trials. Increased understanding of the importance of B cell receptor (BCR) signaling in CLL has resulted in the development of several drugs with significant clinical activ - ity that are ideally suited for combination with CD20 therapy as is being currently explored. Moving forward, these developments have the potential to result in treatment regimens that do not include traditional chemotherapeutic agents, which is of particular importance in CLL given the late onset of diagnosis and potential frailty of the patients.


Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) play a critical role in maintaining the immune balance of the gut and provide the first line of mucosal defense against luminal antigens as well as rapidly respond to epithelial injury. Recently, IEL have received a lot of attention as key mediators of aberrant immune response resulted in persistent immune activation, inflammation and altered intestinal barrier function, seen in Crohn's disease (CD). This study describes for the first time subsets of colonic IEL in CD patients as compared to healthy controls aimed at characterization of altered IEL contribution to the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.The peripheral venous blood and colon tissues were obtained from 10 CD patients and 6 donors. IEL were isolated from the mucosa by incubation the tissue in a predigesting solution. Lymphoid cells phenotype was investigated using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry.The majority of colonic IEL was identified as СD3+T lymphocytes and no significant differences were found in their numbers in investigated groups. However, changes in T cell subsets composition have been shown: the ratio of СD3+СD4+IEL and СD3+СD8+IEL was 1:1 in colon of CD patients and correlated with T cells in peripheral blood (R = 0.7; p < 0.05) while donor tissues were characterized by expected СD3+СD8+T killers prevalence and the ratio reached 1:2 (p < 0.05). The increase of unconventional γδIEL (mainly due to V81+T cells) and СD161+T cells in association with TNK cells decrease were revealed in colon (p < 0.01) as well as in peripheral blood (p < 0.05) of CD patients as compared to donors. Moreover, the number of colonic γδIEL was correlated with disease location (R = -0.6; p < 0.05), and disease behavior (R = 0.7; p < 0.01) according to Montreal classification.The observed data indicates changes in colonic IEL composition in CD patients that may provide valuable insight into the contribution of T helpers, γδT cells and mucosa-associated СD161+T cells in autoimmune intestinal inflammation but need further possible mechanisms discussion.


Prestressed anchor cable frame is the common method for slope and landslide reinforcement.At present,frame beam design is mainly based on the theory of Winkler elastic foundation beam,but the basic assumption of this theory is largely different from the actual nature of foundation soil mass,so the calculation result deviates from safety.This paper introduces Vlazov two-parameter foundation model to educe the formula of inner force of frame beam.Compared to these two results,it is found that the latter method may reduce engineering cost to a certain extent as well as ensure reinforcement effect.


This paper is a comprehensive account of the landscape pattern of the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in Northeast China by using the ways of remote sensing(RS),geographic information system(GIS).The primary conclusions are as follows:(1)The patch types are made up of 2 high-level types,9 secondary types and 69 low-grade types.The similar degree of farmland landscape with regional landscape of is topmost and is primary landscapes.The mountain landscape is secondly.The two large landscapes form the framework of the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry in the Northeast China.The patch number and density of bottomland landscapes is the maximum.The area of fluvial landscapes is smaller,but the patch perimeter is biggish.(2)This region is an ecotone of agriculture,animal husbandry and woods,and the proportion is about 3∶2∶1.(3)In broad-scale,the landscape of mountains and upland form zonary pattern,and run through regional landscape from northeast to southwest,and east side there is continuous farmland landscape.(4)In fine scale,the distributing pattern of low-grade types is very different in each area.


Vortices (flows with closed elliptic streamlines) are exact nonlinear solutions to the compressible Euler equation. In this contribution, we use differential geometry to derive the transformations between Cartesian and elliptic coordinates, and show that in elliptic coordinates a constant vorticity flow reduces to μ˙=0 and ν˙=const along the streamline μ 0 that matches the vortex eccentricity.


The purpose of this paper is to outline several different operating strategies that are available for bus operations. These include fixed route, variable rotues, Fixed/dynamic route and dynamic route operating strategies which are all discussed briefly. Other aspects of operating strategies are included such as service planning, demand and cost. /RTAC/


Spatial High Utility Itemset Mining (SHUIM) is an important knowledge discovery technique with many real-world applications. It involves discovering all itemsets that satisfy the user-specified m inimum u tility (minUtil) i n a q uantitative spatiotemporal database. The popular adoption and the successful industrial application of this technique have been hindered by the following two limitations: (i) Since the rationale of SHUIM is to find all itemsets that satisfy the minUtil constraint, it often produces too many patterns, most of which may be redundant or uninteresting to the user. (ii) Specifying a right minUtil value is an open research problem in SHUIM. This paper tackles these two problems by proposing a novel model of top-k spatial high utility itemsets that may exist in a database. A new constraint, called dynamic minimum utility (dMinUtil), was explored to reduce the search space effectively. This constraint is based on a greedy search, where we raise its value through five thresholdraising strategies. An efficient single scan algorithm that employs depth-first search to find all top-k spatial high utility itemsets was also presented in this paper. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm is memory and runtime efficient. We will also demonstrate the usefulness of our algorithm with two real-world case studies.


Summary The position of subjectivity in ethics is controversial. In classic rationalistic ethics it is mostly identified with arbitrariness, being elevated by a universal order. In post-ethics it is put on a par with the modern autonomous consciousness, abstracting from the concrete ethos. In this paper I plead for a third way. The starting point is the idea that the arbitrary self only can be dethroned by a reversal in the subject itself. This radical change makes the subject into a universal one. Only being a concrete self, it finds a universality which binds it together with the community, the cosmos, the ground of every reality. So my pleading doesn't aim at a synthesis, but at a reversal of perspective: neither objectivity nor universality are to be found beyond the singular subject, but only in the concrete particularity of the ethical self.


1. BACKGROUND ln 1969, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) initiated a programme to evaluate the carcinogenic rik of chemicals to humans and to produce monographs on individual chemicals. The Monographs programme has since been expanded to include consideration of expsures to complex mixures of chemicals (which ocur, for exampie, in sorne ocupations and as a result of human habits) and of expsures to other agents, such as radiation and vIses. With Supplement 6(1), the title of the series was modified from


This paper describes how the global stability of a circular cylinder is affected when submerged in a two-phase gravitational flow. The flow behavior is governed by both the Reynolds and the Froude number, while the depth of the cylinder has been varied to create different scenarios for the stability analysis. The baseflow obtained by the numerical solution of the 2D Navier-Stokes equations has been analyzed, and the first bifurcation (i.e., Hopf type) has been explored for different depths, Reynolds numbers, and Froude numbers. In addition to the typical vortex shedding instabilities associated with the isolated cylinders, the presence of an interface between fluids creates new instabilities associated with the free surface which present more complex and deformed structures. According to the region of the parameter space studied here, two main causes of instabilities have been found: the ones provoked by vortex shedding on the cylinder wake (wake instabilities) at low Froude numbers and the ones produced by the free surface deformation (free surface instabilities) at high Froude numbers. When instabilities are related to vortex shedding, the critical Reynolds number and the frequency of the most unstable mode are comparable to the classical solution without free surface and gravity effects. In all cases, the shape of the most unstable mode is deformed and distorted according to the free surface location, while the critical Reynolds numbers and the frequency associated with the perturbation are both affected by the gravity and the free surface presence.This paper describes how the global stability of a circular cylinder is affected when submerged in a two-phase gravitational flow. The flow behavior is governed by both the Reynolds and the Froude number, while the depth of the cylinder has been varied to create different scenarios for the stability analysis. The baseflow obtained by the numerical solution of the 2D Navier-Stokes equations has been analyzed, and the first bifurcation (i.e., Hopf type) has been explored for different depths, Reynolds numbers, and Froude numbers. In addition to the typical vortex shedding instabilities associated with the isolated cylinders, the presence of an interface between fluids creates new instabilities associated with the free surface which present more complex and deformed structures. According to the region of the parameter space studied here, two main causes of instabilities have been found: the ones provoked by vortex shedding on the cylinder wake (wake instabilities) at low Froude numbers and the ones produced ...


When a laser pulse is focused to a high intensity in a rare gas jet, high-order harmonics of the driving field are generated. These harmonics serve as a broadband XUV radiation source enabling the production of attosecond pulses. The generation mechanism is a three-step process where an electron is teared off from the atom, accelerated in the laser field, and then recaptured while emitting the excess energy in the form of a high-energy photon. We here study theoretically the spectral and temporal features of HHG driven by short laser pulses with emphasis on the effects of the finite duration of the pulse.


Elevational patterns of species richness and their underlying mechanisms have long been a controversial issue in biodiversity and biogeographical research, and several hypotheses have been proposed in the past decades. Local and regional studies have suggested that area and geometric constraint are two of major factors affecting the elevational pattern of species richness. In this study, using data of seed plants and their distribution ranges and a Digital Elevation Model data set, we explored altitudinal patterns of seed plant richness and quantified the effects of area and the mid‐domain effect (MDE) on the richness patterns in a high mountain area, Gaoligong Mountains (ranging from 215 m to 5791 m a.s.l.) located in south‐eastern Tibet, China. The results showed that richness and density (richness/log‐transformed area) of seed plants at species, genus, and family levels all showed hump‐shaped patterns along the altitudinal gradient. The altitudinal changes in richness of species with three different range sizes (< 500 m, 500–1500 m, and > 1500 m), species of different plant life‐forms (trees, shrubs, and herbs), and endemic species further confirmed this finding. Analysis of Generalized Linear Model depicted that although the area of each elevational band was always in high correlation with the species richness, the MDE could explain 84.9%, 33.8%, 83.8%, and 84.5% of the total variation in richness for all species and the three species groups with different range sizes, respectively. This suggests that the MDE significantly influences the patterns of species richness and is likely be stronger for broad‐ranged species than for narrow‐ranged ones in the Gaoligong Mountains.


Device for fastening balancing weights to rotors (2) with several compensation planes, in particular to propeller shafts or cardan trees, preferably in a balancing machine (1) having at least one mechanism in the form of clamp (5) can be positioned along the rotor axis, with which a balance weight can be placed and fixed on the outer circumference of the rotor (2), characterized in that the mechanism as a clip (5) is configured to receive several balancing weights.


The Ottawa Treaty is a major achievement in the global movement to ban landmines. It codifies the illegal status of the use of landmines and provides for State Party undertakings or obligations regarding the use, stockpiling, production and
transfer of landmines. However, the absence of specific language regarding the application of the treaty means that non-state actors (NSAs) are not bound by the treaty. At present there are no legal mechanisms for the participation of NSAs in the landmines ban. But NSAs must be engaged primarily because they use landmines
in armed conflicts. The author suggests the development of a process that will engage NSAs in efforts towards a universal ban on landmines.


The study aimed to examine a test battery with the existing physical fitness evaluation and compare it with the results of the evaluation of motor abilities. The scores (depending on the result, age and gender) for each motor ability test were used to determine the types of statistical groups which were then compared with the existing physical fitness evaluation groups. The sample of subjects consisted of 83 members of the Slovenian Armed Forces who fully performed all three tests: push-ups, sit-ups and a 3,200-m run. The subjects were divided into four age groups. The sample of variables included the number of points achieved in the push-up, sit-up and running tests. The classification in the groups was based on the K-means clustering method, whereas Ward's criterion function was used as a similarity measure in the classification. Three statistical groups were obtained and their typology was determined based on the characteristics of the final cluster centres: 'performing excellently', 'underperforming in terms of endurance' and 'underperforming in terms of strength'. The typology of statistical groups points to a combining of the strength and endurance tests with those subjects with poor motor abilities and an unequal distribution of motor abilities in the selected test battery. A bivariate analysis was conducted to compare the types of statistical groups with the physical fitness evaluations and to thus establish congruence. The finding was that a direct comparison was impossible due to the characteristics of the clusters, with the exception of subjects with a high level of physical readiness. The comparison revealed inequality in the tests of strength and endurance in terms of evaluating physical fitness, owing to which the evaluation could be misleading and might fail to yield realistic results of physical readiness. Moreover, it also raised the question of whether the structure of the evaluated motor abilities was sufficient for evaluating physical fitness where only two dimensions were being compared. The resulting incongruence puts into question the selected test battery and physical fitness evaluation criteria and therefore also the validity of the points system. Among other things, an examination of the distribution of subjects into age groups by type of statistical group and by physical fitness evaluation revealed that motor abilities diminished with age irrespective of the fact that age was taken into account in the points system.


2301. [2] Crown DA et al. (2017) 3rd Planet. Data Workshop, Abstract #7034. [3] Scheidt SP et al. (2018) LPSC XLIX, Abstract #1570. [4] Karimova R et al. (2017) EPSC 2017, Abstract #EPSC2017-207. [5] Crown DA et al. (2018) LPSC XLIX, Abstract #1638. [6] Crown DA et al. (2018) LPI Contrib. 2066, Abstract #7005. [7] Crown DA et al. (2019) LPSC L, Abstract #1417. [8] Scheidt SP et al. (2019) LPSC L, Abstract #2014. [9] Mustard JF et al. (2001) Nature 412, 411-414. [10] Mangold, N (2003) JGR 108, doi:10.1029/2002JE001885. Table 1. Ages derived from crater size-frequency distributions for Alba Mons geologic units. Unit Age (Ga) Fit Range (km) # Craters Unit Area (km) AAc2 1.9±0.6 0.5-4 21 2.2x10 AAc1 1.8±0.4 0.71-5.7 24 7.7x10 AAfl 2±0.01 1-23 809 6.8x10 AAflt 2.2±0.3 1-16 137 1.1x10 Figure 1. Geologic map of the western flank of Alba Mons (600 km across). Geologic features include lava flow margins, lava tubes, fluvial valleys, and various structural features.


Average thickness, specific gravity, initial moisture content, elapsed time in oven, and surface temperature data were obtained for short sections of ponderosa pine board dried in a forced-air circulation oven. These data were subjected to a multiple regression analysis to determine their value as predictors of average wood moisture content. Results of the analysis showed that a model including surface temperature and elapsed time had an R2 value of 0.89. From this, it appears that surface temperature and time could be used effectively for monitoring the moisture content of wood during drying. Infrared sensing devices promise easy measurement of surface temperature in such processes.


Narrative therapy techniques have been used extensively in family therapy, individual therapy, and social work. Surprisingly, these techniques have seen limited application to therapeutic and support groups and almost no application to education groups. This paper reports on the use of narrative therapy with an education group, specifically a parent-education group. The central question addressed was: How do results compare with those of traditional parent-education groups? Case examples were reviewed to see if using narrative therapy was beneficial to parents. Written feedback was used to compare groups which did not use narrative therapy to groups which used narrative therapy. The review indicated that the narrative groups reported learning more specific 'helpful' skills (especially the skill of 'listening') compared to the non-narrative groups.


Background: Dyspepsia syndrome is a very common gastrointestinal problem in the society, especially the teenagers. Dyspepsia is a symptom such as pain or feeling unwell upper abdomen that persist or episodic accompanied with symptoms such as a feeling of fullness when eating, early satiety, heartburn, bloating, belching, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting. Although not life-threatening, the symptoms interfere with daily activities and have a significant impact upon quality of life.Dyspepsia syndrome has a multifactorial cause, where one of them is depression. Depression is one of mood disorder areaccompanied byfeelings of sadness, loss of interest andexcitement, energyreductionleads toa state ofthe fatigue,and reducedactivity.A study aimed to determine the incidence of depression, the incidence of dyspepsia, and the comparation between the incidence of depression and the incidence ofdyspepsia in teenager female in SMAN 1 Selong, East Lombok. The benefits of this research are expected to be used as a baseline and the true source of information for further research about dyspepsiasyndrome in teenager female.
Methods: The study design was cross-sectional analytic. The respondents were 462 teenager female aged 14-18 years who attend school in SMAN 1 Selong, East Lombok. Approximate sample size to estimate the relative risk confidence interval, which was taken respondents who are qualified and have signed the agreement. Furthermore, the data will be analyzed with a statistical program.
Result: Researchers obtained data on the number of respondents who experience depression are 21 people (4.55%), and the incidence of dyspepsia syndrome of the total respondents are 293 people (63.42%), while the number ofrespondentswerepositivedyspepsiasyndromeandpositiveexperiencedepressionare 18people6,14% of respondentswerepositivedyspepsiasyndrome. The results of the data analysis with Chi-Square test showed a P value are 0.030 which means a larger than α (0.05) which means there was an comparation between depression with dyspeptic syndrome on female teenager in SMAN 1 Selong East Lombok.
Conclusion: There was a comparation between depression with dyspeptic syndrome on female teenager in SMAN 1 Selong East Lombok.


This paper presents a survey of the study and development of metal clusters in 90′,especially introduces some carbonyl clusters of new structural types and new bonding modes,which were synthesized and asymmetric synthesis of mixed metal clusters in recent years.It also probes into the trend in the study of metal clusters.


In both the ocean and the atmosphere, the interaction of a density stratified flow with topography can generate large‐amplitude, horizontally propagating internal solitary waves. Often these waves are observed in regions where the waveguide properties vary in the direction of propagation. In this article we consider nonlinear evolution equations of the Kortewegde Vries type, with variable coefficients, and use these models to review the properties of slowly‐varying periodic and solitary waves. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Because meteoric water δ 18 O values decrease with decreasing ambient temperature and increasing latitude, δ 18 O values of meteoric calcite cement should exhibit a similar relation with paleolatitude and be an indicator of continental paleotemperatures. To test this, we compiled isotopic and paleolatitude data for 20 meteoric cements and nine speleothems ranging in age from Devonian to modern and in paleolatitude from 3.5° to 83°. Mean δ 18 O values for meteoric cements and speleothems both show the same negative correlation with paleolatitude. The δ 18 O vs. latitude trend for these carbonates is almost identical to that predicted for modern inland environments, but differs from the trend for coastal environments. This suggests that the ground water controlling the ultimate composition of meteoric cement is derived predominantly from inland recharge. If it is assumed that the modern meteoric water δ 18 O vs. temperature relation is valid for the past and that insignificant evaporation occurred prior to carbonate precipitation, then coastal and inland paleotemperatures can be calculated from the δ 18 O values of meteoric calcite (δ 18 O mcl ) and seawater (δ 18 O sw ) by using the equations T coastal =13.3 ±32.6[-0.231- 0.0613(δ 18 O mcl + δ 18 O sw ) ½ and T inland =17.8 ±16.2[-0.572 - 0.1233(δ 18 O mcl + δ 18 O sw ) ½ , where T is temperature in °C. Calcite precipitated from coastal meteoric water at temperatures between 0 and 25 °C will exhibit a narrow range in δ 18 O(-6‰ to -4‰, where δ 18 O sw = 0‰). The δ 18 O of calcite precipitated from inland meteoric water will be sensitive to paleotemperature, ranging from -14‰ to -5‰ (where δ 18 O sw = 0‰) for temperatures of 0 to 25 °C.


Buried Lifelines are the systems & facilities that provide essential services to the function of an industrialized, modern country & important to emergency response & recovery after disastrous events. From previous post seismic failures, it was evident that the majority of the pipelines are buried in relatively shallow depths and are critically susceptible to damage during seismic excitations in earthquake prone areas. Damage or interruption of these underground lifelines could cause major, even catastrophic, disruption of essential services. If such disruption is caused by an earthquake, the effect of the loss of vital service would be greatly amplified by impeding fire-fighting, preventing essential energy transmission, communications, transportation, and causing widespread disease. To evaluate the seismic response of buried pipelines, a lot of researches was performed experimentally, numerically & analytically. Hence it is quite necessary to investigate proper soil-buried pipe interaction, proper modelling techniques & seismic behavior of buried pipelines. In this perspective, the present study explains a state-of-the-art review of the response of Buried lifelines under seismic excitations. The review includes existing modelling techniques of soil-pipe system, different failure modes of buried continuous pipelines subjected to seismic excitations, methods of response analysis of buried pipelines, seismic behavior of buried pipelines under different parametric variations, seismic stresses at the bends & intersections of network of pipelines, pipe damage in earthquakes & seismic risk analysis of buried pipelines. Based on the review, research gaps have been evaluated & future scopes for further research are identified, which may be helpful for researchers & designers.


The tolerance spirit of socialism guarantees liberation and freedom of the self and full development in the social and historical advancement,and it has been confirmed and assumed in the several development paradigms and choices of the contemporary social transition.To make the socialist society harmony is a specific present and practice of the tolerance spirit of the contemporary socialist development in China,which has its own unique construction with logical and practical valuable principles,assuming the tolerance spirit and idea of the socialist society development from different aspects.


In virtually all plant and animal cells, mitochondria are the primary providers of energy but also are the major producers of free radicals and important inducers of programmed cell death pathways. As such, mitochondria are crucial to the proper growth and functioning of the cell, but they also play fundamental roles in numerous pathologic conditions when they become dysfunctional. Mitochondria contain their own DNA, but because they are solely inherited maternally, contain multiple copies of the genome, and replicate independently of cell division, mitochondrial genetics is more akin to population genetics than the Mendelian genetics characteristic of the nuclear genome. Oxidation reactions in the core of the mitochondria yield electrons that are passed sequentially through three respiratory complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane to generate potential energy for ATP formation. Although numerous diseases are associated with well‐defined mutations in the mitochondrial genome, the etiology of the dysfunction in the respiratory complexes characteristic of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases (defects in Complexes IV and I, respectively) is still under investigation. Regardless of underlying cause, improving mitochondrial function represents a novel therapeutic strategy in late‐onset, sporadically occurring degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Moreover, elucidating mechanisms that contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction will provide avenues for development of better therapeutic and diagnostic tools for these diseases. Drug Dev. Res. 46:2–13, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


We designed a muon cooling ring with straight inserts with Lithium lenses and injection and extraction which can be used for the final transverse muon cooling for a Higgs Factory, a low energy version of a μ+μ− collider. We demonstrated the transverse phase space cooling of muon beam with the normalized transverse emittance at 0.3 mm*rad with a tracking simulation of the cooling ring with hard‐edged magnetic elements. Work is in progress in using realistic magnetic field for the magnetic elements of the cooling ring.


Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has served as a wake-up call for humanitarian aid actors to reconsider data collection methods, as old ways of doing business become increasingly obsolete. Although access to information on the affected population is critical now more than ever to support the pandemic response, the limitation of aid workers' presence in the field imposes hard constraints on relief projects. In this article, we consider how aid actors can use "big data" as a crisis response tool to support humanitarian projects, in cases when the General Data Protection Regulation is applicable. We also provide a framework for examining open-source platforms, and discuss the advantages and privacy challenges of big data.


Objective:The aim of this study was to develop the experimental model of the developing fetus tooth germ. The effects of fluoride on lower first molar of fetus tooth germ were observed. Method:C57BL/6J mice,in gestation day 14(E-14),were given sodium fluoride by intraperitoneal injection at a dose of 10 mg per kgbody weight. This treatment was given once in a day from E-14 to fetuses were born(E-20).At this time fetus mice were killed, and the lower first molar(M1) from neonatal mice were prepared for Electron Microscopic Examination.Result:It was shown that ameloblasts of M1 of fetus mouse were injured heavily. The most prominent findings were swollen mitochondria in the early secretory ameloblasts and cysts formation between the ameloblasts and the enamel matrix. The ameloblasts of the cystic wall shown various degrees of cyloptasmic and nuclear alterations. Some cells displayed signs of apoptosis, as indicated by condensation of the chromation, appearance of apoptotic bodies. matrix secretion accumulated intracellularly. Electron Lucent material cell and cell fragments were found in the cystic lumina. Distortion of the Tomes processes and separation of the ameloblasts from the enamel surface could too be seen. Conclusion:This experiment Model was successful .Not only high doses of fluoride exposure resulted in dental fluorosis in the developing mouse tooth germs, but also in the developing fetus mice tooth germs in pregnancy C57BL/6J mice. Fluoride induced subameloblastic cysts in early secretory amaloblasts in M1 of fetuses mouse. The amaloblasts above the cysts seemed to follow the normal pattern of cell degeneration.