during deformation depend on: 1) the orientation and intensity of the forces applied to the rocks; 2) the physical conditions (mainly temperature, pressure, occurrence and pressure of fluids) under which the rocks are deformed; 3) the mechanical properties of rocks, which are strongly dependent on the physical conditions. At relatively low temperature and pressure and for high intensity of the applied forces, rocks generally undergo brittle deformation, i.e., rocks are characterised by loss of cohesion along discrete surfaces (either faults or fractures) and deformation is accommodated by the mechanism of fracturing (e.g., cataclastic flow). At higher temperature and pressure, rocks normally undergo ductile deformation, i.e., a solid state deformation in which no cohesion loss occurs both at the crystalline scale and at larger scales (no evidence of brittle fracturing). The deformation is accommodated by intracrystalline plastic mechanisms (e.g., from low to high temperature: pressure solution, intracrystalline deformation, twinning, recovery, recrystallization, solid-state diffusion creep, superplasticity). Ductile deformation is generally associated to the generation of folds, stretching and thinning of layers, generation of planar (foliations) and linear (lineations) tectonic fabrics. It is however stressed that not necessarily folding of a sedimentary succession may be accommodated by plastic deformation mechanisms. More frequently, folding in foreland fold-andthrust belts is accommodated both at mesoand micro-scales by brittle fracturing. In this case the term brittle-ductile deformation is adopted to indicate that geometries of structures may be similar to those occurring in ductile regimes but deformation is accommodated by brittle deformation mechanisms. The strength of rocks in the brittle regime (brittle yield stress, expressed in terms of differential stress, s1-s3) is described by the Sibson's law (SIBSON, 1981). This law, based on the Coulomb-Navier frictional criterion, predicts a linear increase with depth of the yield stress:


Based on the 703 year(1306_2008) severe drought data series in northwest China,this paper confirmed the sample properties of its normality,independency and stationary by statistical test,and established a probability model using the stationary and independent process theory to predict severe drought year in northwest China.Through the independent sample prediction test,the temporal distribution of severe drought year in northwest China can be analysed probabilistically,and the model shows that the next severe drought year in northwest China will happen around 2016 years,with occurrence probability 58% for 2015 years and 61% for 2016 years.


This paper summarizes the annual quantities of fly ash, bottom ash, and boiler slag recently produced by major electric utilities in the United States and makes projections for future production. Similar date for England are also presented. Available data on the chemical, index, and engineering properties of these materials and on the use of fly ash, bottom ash, and boiler slag by the construction industry in the United States and England are presented. Since the use of fly ash as a highway embankment fill material in the United States appears to be extremely promising, the paper describes several projects in the United States, England, and Scotland in which large quantities of fly ash have been used successfully and economically.


Objective To study the reproductive tract infections in women of childbearing age positive for mycoplasma infection rates and resistance to antimicrobial drugs.Methods 758 cases of female patients of childbearing age,take cervical secretions inspected,fully washed in the culture medium at 37℃ in the culture.Negative media who do not change color;medium from yellow to red crystal as positive;porous yellow to red indicated that there Uu or Mh growth.High and low concentrations of red that are resistant porous,low density and high density porous porous red color that you are not sensitive to high and low concentrations of pores that are not color sensitive.Results 758 specimens in 374 cases mycoplasma positive,the positive rate of 49.3%.Uupositive 211 cases,accounting for 27.8%;Mh positive in 48 cases,accounting for 6.3%;Uu and Mh 115 cases of mixed-positive,the positive rate of 15.2%.The highest rate of antibiotic resistance were lincomycin,norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin.Conclusion Mycoplasma infections to Uu infection mainly in strict accordance with the results of rational drug susceptibility testing to enhance the efficacy and reduce the resistant strains.


. The article presents a theoretical analysis of the concept of "artistic and speech activity", which allowed to define it as a macro-activity in which speech is one of the means of expressiveness of various types of art and a means of artistic development and comprehension of the world around. On the basis of theoretical analysis and requirements for competencies in artistic and speech activity of a child specified in the current preschool education programs, the following components are identified: perception of the content of artistic works, reproduction of content and performance, theatrical activity, creative and improvised activity. The main regularities of training a future specialist in preschool education to organize artistic and speech activities of preschoolers are actualized. It has been found that artistic and speech activity is connected with artistic, game and speech macro-activities of a preschool child, which made it possible to define it as a type of activity of children in which speech is one of the means of


In this paper we introduce a novel self-organizing method of moving surface reconstruction from the data obtained from measuring real-world objects.

The core of the approach is using Kohonen's Self Organizing Maps model. As that model is not traditionally applied to mesh deformation or surface reconstruction, in the paper we propose its modification enforcing input data approximation and time-space smoothing.

The main idea is to generate the moving surface via deformation. Since the mesh is to be adapted only around areas of surface changes, we deform the existing mesh where it is necessary in order to fit the new point cloud corresponding to the surface. In place of processing all the sample points of unknown surface, we choose the points randomly and therefore it is possible to avoid the issues of oversampling and control the mesh quality in the case of undersampling. We can vary the mesh nodes density by picking the sampled points in the specified areas more often.

Due to stochastic nature of the proposed method, in many cases it is not necessary to employ additional denoising or data filtering. Moreover, while deforming a mesh, no user assistance is needed. Underlying self-organizing principles make the technique human-free, efficient and easy to parallelize.


The object of this study was aimed to determine the antifungal activity of papaya seeds (Carica papaya L.) ethanol extract against the fungi Candida albicans. The research method was experimental research consisting of several stages of sample processing, extraction, phytochemical screening, and tested antifungal activity of ethanol extract of papaya seeds young. Screening of Phytochemical results showed that ethanol extract of papaya seeds contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids and saponins. Test antifungal activity carried out by the agar diffusion method (pitting) was by measuring the inhibition zone formed around the wells. The test results showed that the antifungal activity of ethanol extract of papaya seeds had antifungal activity against Candida albicans at 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.6% and 1% in diameter inhibition zone respectively by 11mm; 12mm; 13mm; and 14 mm and are included in the category of strong inhibition.


This paper investigates the effects of cultural distance and ownership types of JV on the performance of international joint ventures (IJVs) manufacturing in Korea. IJVs with U.S. firms achieve higher profitability, asset growth and productivity than IJVs with Japanese firms, even after controlling such variables as financial structure, operating experience, industry types and firm size. This result indicates that the lower cultural distance does not result in a competitive advantage of better communication and lower transaction costs. The result is rather similar to psychic distance paradox which argues that operating in a culturally distant market can enhance performance as firms will make a greater effort to learn about the foreign market. While there is no significant relation between ownership types of JV and profitability and asset growth, shared ownership shows a better productivity than both majority and minority ownerships. Thus, as long as the productivity is concerned, this result partly supports the argument that shared ownership fosters trust between partners, provides very little incentive for opportunism and thus encourages healthy cooperation among partners.


Shelf-life of Australian Red Meat Australian meat has a reputation around the world for excellent shelf life. The Australian meat industry produces meat products with shelf lives ranging from a few days (entire cuts, roasts and ground meats) to several months (vacuum-packed primals) to more than one year (frozen manufacturing meat). The industry services domestic and export markets in the retail and further processing sectors, all of which impose specifications or standards which relate to shelf life. The purpose of this book is to explain the important elements that contribute to shelf life so that everyone in the supply chain can do their part to maintain a superior standard. It is also intended for Australian meat customers so that they can understand the technical aspects of the product, what to expect of Australian meat and how to set appropriate criteria for product acceptance. As will be seen from the Contents page, the scope of this book is wide. It aims to provide up-to-date information on the shelf life of Australian meat for a range of users who operate in the technical, regulatory and marketing spheres. To satisfy this broad spectrum of readers, each section is 'paced', progressing from a basic level and ending with the latest research work; a reference list is provided at the end of each section for those who wish to read further.


Cyclohexane and other alkyl cyclohexanes were dehydrogenated selectively to benzene and alkyl benzenes with active carbon catalysts which supported metals such as vanadium, thorium, copper, cobalt and nickel on it. While metals such as copper, cobalt and nickel lost their original activity almost completely by being sulfided by H2S, they exhibited excellent activities and selectivities when supported on active carbon. Especially, sulfided nickel (Ni (s)) on active carbon showed the best capability as the catalyst. The catalytic activity of Ni (s) on active carbon for cyclohexane dehydrogenation increased with increasing metal content in the catalyst up to 5 wt%. However, above the limit the activity was independent of the metal loadings. The reaction mechanism was explained by the "reverse spillover" mechanism, which comprises the transfer of hydrogen atoms from feed hydrocarbons to carbon surface, the migration of hydrogen atoms from carbon surface to metal or metal sulfide particles on it and the recombination of hydrogen atoms to hydrogen molecules to desorb into gas phase.The reactivity of mono-alkyl cyclohexane increased with the increase in the molecular weight of them, suggesting the role of van der Waals force in the adsorption of reactant onto active carbon.The reaction of hydrocarbon mixture which comprises normal hexane and methyl cyclohexane revealed that the dehydrogenation of normal hexane was suppressed markedly while that of methyl cyclohexane was not. The phenomenon are interpreted by that the active sites on carbon are covered by hydrogen from methyl cyclohexane.It was emphasized by the authors that the present sulfur tolerant catalysts (sulfided metal-active carbon) are favored for reforming coal derived naphtha which containes organo sulfur- and organo nitrogeno- compounds in high concentrations and thus is unsuitable for being treated with the conventional reforming catalysts.


Abstract Nine generations of inbreeding by sibmating in Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt)(Acari: Phytoseiidae) caused minimal depression as measured by viability and sex ratio of progeny and by longevity and productivity of inbred females compared to random bred and hybrid females.


A step of depositing the source and drain electrodes on a substrate using a solution processing method, the steps of the work function modifying layer is formed over the source and drain electrodes using a solution processing method, an organic semiconductor using solution processing methods and a step of depositing material in the channel region between the source and drain electrodes, the manufacturing method of the organic thin film transistor. .FIELD 4


This report is designed to assist Members of Congress and their staff as they address the needs of their states, communities, and constituents after a disaster. It includes a summary of federal programs that provide federal disaster assistance to individual survivors, states, territories, local governments, and nongovernmental entities following a natural or man-made disaster.


Aiming at generalized maximum entropy(GME) regression effect and especially the indetermination of the choice of support space of parameter and error in the model,the modelling process of GME regression method is analyzed,and its regression effect is compared with others' effects through two cases in this paper.Results show that the forecasting precision and the explaining ability of GME method is higher than the least square method,the partial least square method and the principal component analysis.The larger the support space of parameter is,the better,under the lack of prior information,and the support space of error should be between 3σ and 4σ.


Background: Occupational stress and high work-related burnout have been observed among operating room personnel, so finding any therapeutic aids to alleviate this stress and relieve them is always valuable. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of occupational empowerment model on job stress and burnout in operating room nurses.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study was performed on all operating room personnel working in the operating rooms of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences hospitals, which numbered more than 250. Thirty 30 operating room personnel were selected and randomly divided into intervention and control groups. The number of research units was 15 persons in each group. Questionnaires used in this study were Nursing Job Stress Questionnaire (NSS) and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). Intervention was performed in 4 sessions, two days a week for 2 weeks and completed again after 4 weeks. The control group received no intervention. Descriptive statistics used mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, One-way ANOVA, Fisher, Chi-square and t-test were used.
Results: In the experimental group, the mean occupational stress of the subjects before the intervention was 7966 ± 8.33 Post-intervention was 72.93 ± 8.72. In the control group, the mean of job stress was 84.46 ± 7.32 before and 84.46 ± 7.32 respectively. There was a significant difference between the two groups after the intervention in terms of occupational stress (p value < 0.001) .In the experimental group, mean burnout was 59.26 ± 22.02 before and 56.8 ± 20.79 after the intervention. In the control group, the mean of burnout was 50.66 ± 17.20 before intervention and 51.00 ± 7.43 after intervention. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of burnout after intervention (p value < 0.05)
Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that occupational empowerment model reduced stress in operating room staff. The pattern of occupational empowerment was not effective in reducing depression in operating room staff. Operating room staff experience high levels of job stress and burnout, which can cause problems at work time and in the workplace. Holding professional empowerment workshops can help reduce their job stress.


One of the outcomes of the Tripartite Meeting on Issues Relating to Migrant Fishers (TMIMF) held in September 2017 in Geneva was a call to effectively address the serious violations of the rights of migrant fishers, and to enforce their fundamental rights at work and access to justice – irrespective of their migrant status.


This paper focuses on a data-rich environment where the data set has a very large cross-sectional dimension, is likely to exhibit local dependence, and yet is hard to determine the dependence ordering. Such a situation arises, for example, when the data set is collected from the Internet, through a method of web crawling. This paper proposes an approach of randomized subsampling inference, where one constructs a test statistic by aggregating many randomized test statistics using random draws of subsamples, and uses for inference the conditional distribution of the test statistic given data. This paper explores two approaches of such inference: one based on an M-type statistic constructed from randomized mean statistics and the other based on a U-type statistic constructed from randomized U-statistics. This paper provides conditions for local dependence, the number of the random draws, and the subsample size, under which randomized subsampling inference is asymptotically valid. From the Monte Carlo simulation studies, this paper finds that the randomized subsampling inference based on the U-type statistics performs better than that based on the M-type statistics.


The parental competence of parents with learning difficulties is discussed by Booth and Booth as if it was separable from consideration of the welfare of their children. The author responds by arguing that The Children Act 1989 requires a focus on the welfare of the child and any debate about parenting must take this into account. The Act also imposes a statutory duty on local authorities to promote the upbringing of children by their families. If parents with learning difficulties need help to carry out some of their parental responsibilities, they have the right to expect services which are sensitive to their needs. Their children, however, must also have rights to help, care and protection where this is needed, as other children have. The author argues for an integrated approach to work with parents with learning difficulties and their children, in which the welfare of the children is seen as the proper concern of all parties.


Harlan Ingersoll Smith, former Chief Archaeologist of the National Museum of Canada, died on January 28, 1940. He was born in East Saginaw, Michigan, February 17, 1872. As a boy he became interested in the many evidences of the former Indian inhabitants scattered over the fields near his home and he formed a small collection of archaeological material. The first opportunity to do actual field work came in 1891, when the late Professor Putnam, Chief of the Anthropological Department of the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, employed him to assist Dr. Charles Metz in the exploration of the well-known Madisonville Village Site in Ohio. This was followed in 1892 by field trips to other sites in Ohio; in 1893 to mounds near Madison Wisconsin, and in 1894, as explorer for the Archaeological Institute of America, to Kalamazoo, Michigan, to investigate the so-called "gardenbeds" near that place.


The objective of this thesis is to determine fertility in Peru using the Bongaarts model, which uses four intermediate variables of fertility for the years 2014, 2015, 2016. The study design is application and descriptive. Some questions were selected from the ENDES survey generated by the National Institute of Statistics and Informatics (INEI) of the aforementioned years. Then with these data we found the different indexes that will be necessary for the Bongaarts model. The Global Fertility Rate developed from the Bongaarts model for 2014 was 2.5 children per woman of reproductive age. The rate of women united is 0.567, the contraception index is 0.307, the postpartum infertility index is 0.922. For the year 2015 the Global Fertility Rate was 2.5, the rate of women joined 0.574, the contraception index was 0.308 and the postpartum infertility index is 0.931. In 2016 a Global Fertility Rate of 2.5 children per woman of reproductive age was obtained, its rate of women joined was 0.576, the contraceptive index was 0.308 and finally its postpartum infertility index was 0.925


Assessing the dynamics of risk premium measures and its relationship with macroeconomic fundamentals is important for both macroeconomic policymakers and market practitioners. This paper analyzes the main determinants of CDS in Latin-America at different tenures, focusing on their volatility. Using a component GARCH model, we decompose volatility between permanent and transitory components. We find that the permanent component of CDS volatility in all tenors was higher and more persistent in the global financial crisis than during the recent COVID-19 shock. JEL Classification: C22, C58, G01, G15. Keywords: Credit default swaps (CDS), CDS in Latin-American countries, sovereign risk, volatility, crisis, component GARCH models


Cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) metabolizes ~25% of clinical used drugs. CYP2D6 variants are currently used as biomarkers to predict CYP2D6 activity, but the relationship between genotype and phenotype is still ambiguous in most individuals except in poor metabolizers. In this study, we showed common SNP located in exon 6 (rs16947, *2) affects exon 6 splicing, resulting in 2 fold reduction in total CYP2D6 mRNA expression via nonsense‐mediated RNA decay. In addition we identified a novel SNP (E‐SNP) located in an enhancer region over 100 kb downstream of CYP2D6 that increases CYP2D6 transcription 2 fold. Testing in a pediatric cohort of 160 individuals with metabolic activity measured as the ratio of dextromethorphan/metabolites (DM/DX), SNP rs16947 alone is associated with reduced metabolic activity, while haplotype containing both rs16947 and E‐SNP has similar metabolic activity as reference haplotype, indicating gain of function E‐SNP can compensate for the loss of function effect of rs16947. Our data also indicate that the key SNP in *41 rs28371725 does not have independent effect on CYP2D6 mRNA level, the in vivo reduced activity effects associated with *41 was resulted from the lack of E‐SNP in *41 haplotype which also contain rs16947. These results suggest that the combination of rs16947 and E‐SNP may become a new biomarker for predicting CYP2D6 activity.


The mechanistic rationalisation of specific 'microwave effects' previously reported in a range of chemical reactions suggests that they may be observable in the freeradical copolymerisation of comonomer pairs capable of forming donor-acceptor complexes. Polymerisation under microwave irradiation is carried out for several comonomer pairs with weak donor-acceptor interactions, and no acceleration in rate or change in degree of alternation attributable to changes in propagation are observed. An increase in reaction rate of 150–200 % is observed for all systems, with trends in molecular weight suggesting this was due to an increase in radical flux. This is consistent with earlier reports of rate enhancement for free-radical polymerisations using the initiator 2,2′-azobis-isobutyronitrile, and it is proposed that microwave irradiation may reduce the amount of geminate radical recombination.


Voltage stability assessment is crucial to maintain secure operation of the power system under disturbances. A deep learning model, Temporal Convolutional Neural Networks, is proposed in this paper for real-time short-term voltage stability assessment. It covers both the voltage instability and the fault-induced delayed voltage recovery phenomenon. In this work, the time series post-disturbance bus voltage trajectories is taken as input, which is sampled by phasor measurement units within a small observation time window. The model then predicts the stability state of the power system: stable or unstable or stable-with fault-induced delayed voltage recovery phenomenon, in a computationally efficient manner. Furthermore, this study also explores the performance of another deep learning-based time series classification algorithm, the Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network. Finally, the effectiveness of these models are evaluated on IEEE 9- Bus test system. The result shows that both models can predict the short-term voltage stability phenomenon with the accuracy of more than 97% with high computational efficiency and thus are suitable for online application.


Most overhead transmission lines carry over-running earth wires, one function of which is to shield phase conductors from direct lightning strokes. Published theories of shielding are incompatible with modern knowledge of lightning. The paper emphasizes the importance of the charges bound on the earth wire and phase conductor by the leader stroke. Equality of charges is taken as a condition under which both wires are equally likely to be struck. For adequate shielding, the charge on the earth wire should exceed that on the conductor. The charges are calculated from the field due to the leader, and it is shown that equality of charges corresponds to both wires lying on the same equipotential of the leader. The limiting position for protection is determined by the slope of the equipotential, and as this depends on the distance between leader and transmission line, the limiting value of which depends on the stroke current, the protection afforded isa function of stroke current. Calculation suggests that shielding is normally adequate for conductors in a wedge of semi-vertical angle 45° of which the apex line is the earth wire.


We present a new technique for whispering gallery mode biosensing involving direct detection of the back-scattered light. This results in suppressing laser frequency noise by 27 dB, and gives an absolute sensitivity of 76 kHz.


The present invention describes the chemical entities as kinase inhibitor, the pharmaceutical composition using these chemical entities and method, such as treatment for cancer.


This paper concerns the thermal fatigue strength of "electrode-molding" supporting insulators. Residual stresses that develop through the molding process within epoxy resin which embed metallic and non-metallic electrodes are studied and their long- term reduction is numerically forecasted by the theory of linear viscoelasticity.


....................................................................................................................... 1 AKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................... 2 ABBREVIATION............................................................................................................... 3 CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ 5 LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF TABLES .............................................................................................................. 8 CHAPTER 1 ....................................................................................................................... 9 Defining the Power Generation Requirements 1.


Background. Infection with oncogenic types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer and its immediate precursors – squamous intraepithelial lesions. However, the persistence of HPV may not be sufficient for the occurrence of malignant transformation, and there may be other exogenous or endogenous factors that, in combination with the virus, increase the risk of developing and progressing cervical neoplasia.Objective: identification of risk factors that modulate the course of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) in women of reproductive age.Materials and methods. In 110 women aged 18 to 45 years with a diagnosis of LSIL, we evaluated the impact of risk factors (sexual behavior, reproductive function, contraceptive methods, smoking, HPV infection) on the course of the process (recovery, persistence or progression) during the 12-month follow-up period. HPV testing was performed by real-time PCR.Results. The average age of the study participants was 31.55 ± 7.17 years. Our observations showed that frequent artificial abortions, the practice of risky sexual behavior (early sexual debut, frequent change of sexual partners) increased the risk of persistence and progression of mild cervical cytological abnormalities. The use of oral contraceptives, barrier contraception and smoking did not affect the outcome of the disease.The prevalence of HPV among women with LSIL was 70.91 % (78/110). The predominant types were HPV 16 (35.45 %), HPV 33 (12.73 %) and HPV 18 (12.73 %). HPV 16 was more common in the progression group (62.50 %) than in the regression and persistence groups (14.63 % and 43.40 %, p <0.05). Progression of neoplasias was more often observed in patients with signs of multiinfection of the cervical epithelium with HPV. Single HPV infection was higher in the group of recovered women.Conclusions. The study found that a large number of induced abortions, the practice of risky sexual behavior, the presence of HPV type 16 and multiple HPV infection are factors contributing to the persistence of LSIL and progression to HSIL. These data may be useful for the management of women with mild cervical cytological abnormalities.


AIM:To compare the clinical effects of the restoration of the deciduous molar teeth caries wia different matericals.METHODS:115 children with the caries of were selected.Rrandomly,the caries was filled by four kinds of materials.The clinical effects after 2 years were observed.RESULTS:The success rates of silver amalgam,composite resin,glass ionomer cement and the Dyraet were 61.48%,66.34%,60.47% and 90.43% respectively.CONCLUSION:The Dyract was more effective in the restoration of deciduous molar teeth caries.


Abstract : The results of this study show that the minimum requirements for installation, operation, and maintenance of shelter auxiliary power systems can generally be met with commericially available equipment now in common industrial use. To facilitate the use of the information in this report, the presentation of results is divided into ten sections. The material in these sections is summarized here in the same sequence, namely: Prime movers, Starting systems, Cooling, Fuel storage, Waste heat recovery, Power transmission systems, Mountings and drives, Noise and vibration, Stand-by maintenance, and Demonstration unit.


Dear readers, when you are hunting the new book collection to read this day, guidelines for laboratory design health and safety considerations 2nd edition can be your referred book. Yeah, even many books are offered, this book can steal the reader heart so much. The content and theme of this book really will touch your heart. You can find more and more experience and knowledge how the life is undergone.


Since conducting polymers (CP) were first reported, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) is arguably one of the most commercially useful and most studied CPs in the last 20 years (Shirakawa et all., 1977; Chiang et al., 1977; Winther-Jensen et al., 2007; Truong et al., 2007) . PEDOT has been studied extensively on account of its many advantageous properties, such as high electrical conductivity, good transmittance and thermal stability with a low optical bandgap and thermal stability (Winther-Jensen & West, 2004; Jonas et al., 1991). These properties make PEDOT very attractive for applications, such as electrochromic windows (Welsh et al., 1999), organic electrodes for organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) (Admassie et al., 2006; Gadisa et al., 2006) and hole injection layers (HIL) in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) (Wakizaka et al., 2004; Hatton et al., 2009) and dye-sensitized solar cells (Saito et al., 2005). In particular, PEDOT is commonly used as a hole extraction layer in OPVs (Colladet et al., 2007; Kim et al., 2005). In most optoelectronic applications as a buffer or electrode layer, the bandgap of the layer plays an important role in determining the operating characteristics, quantum efficiency and electron/hole transport. Therefore, the main issues for electronic device applications include both the electrical conductivity and bandgap. Oxidized PEDOT can be produced in a variety of forms using different polymerization techniques. Solution processing is used most commonly in synthesizing PEDOT in the form of spin-coating, solvent-casting or ink-jet printing. However, these PEDOT systems are relatively insoluble in most solvents, making it necessary to attach soluble functional groups to the polymer or dope it with stabilizing polyelectrolytes (Terje & Skotheim, 1998). An aqueous dispersion of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOTPSS), commercially available as Baytron P, is a stable polymer system with a high transparency up to 80% (Groenendaal et al., 2000). However, the PEDOT-PSS film exhibits relatively low electrical conductivity, 10-500 S/cm (Groenendaal et al., 2000), which does not often meet the high conductivity required for most applications. In addition, scanningtunneling microscopy, neutron reflectivity measurements, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have revealed a PSS rich layer on the top of the spin-coated PEDOT-PSS films due to the phase separation (Lee & Chung, 2008; Kemerink et al., 2004; Higgins et al., 2003). Since PSS is an electrical insulator, excessive PSS can limit the film conductivity (Kemerink


One hundred fifty consecutively admitted geriatric patients were evaluated to determine the effects of gender and age on the prevalence of alcohol abuse and its detection. Overall, 17% of patients were alcohol abusers. Age and gender effects were evident. Young-old patients (ages 60-74) had a much higher prevalence of abuse than did old-old patients (aged 75+). Men had a higher prevalence of abuse than did women. Physician detection was highly related to the patient's gender.


The 6th International Conference on Pumps and Fans with Compressors and Wind Turbines (ICPF 2013) was held in Beijing, China, 19–22 September 2013, which was jointly organized by Tsinghua University and Jiangsu University. The co-organizers were Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, The State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, The State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy and Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for CO2 Utilization and Reduction. The sponsor of the conference was Concepts NREC. The First International Conference on Pumps and Systems (May 1992), the Second International Conference on Pumps and Fans (October 1995), the Third International Conference on Pumps and Fans (October 1998), and the Fourth International Conference on Pumps and Fans (26–29 August 2002) were all held in Beijing and were organized by the late famous Chinese professor on fluid machinery and engineering, Professor Zuyan Mei of Tsinghua University. The conference was interrupted by the death of Professor Mei in 2003. In order to commemorate Professor Mei, the organizing committee of ICPF decided to continue organizing the conference series. The Fifth Conference on Pumps and Systems (2010 ICPF) took place in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China, 18–21 October 2010, and it was jointly organized by Zhejiang University and Tsinghua University. With the development of renewable energy and new energy in China and in the world, some small types of compressor and some types of pump, as well as wind turbines are developing very fast; therefore the ICPF2013 conference included compressors and wind turbines. The theme of the conference was the application of renewable energy of pumps, compressors, fans and blowers. The content of the conference was the basic study, design and experimental study of compressors, fans, blowers and pumps; the CFD application on pumps and fans, their transient behavior, unsteady flows and multi-phase flow; other fluid machinery and devices, such as, wind turbines, turbochargers and reversible pump-turbines, clearance and sealing, jets, filters and mixers; and their engineering application and their system behavior, especially, the application of the renewable energy of pumps, compressors, fans and blowers. The objective of the conference was to provide an opportunity for researchers, engineers and students to report on the latest developments in the fields of pumps, compressors, fans and turbochargers, as well as systems. The participants were encouraged to present their work in progress with a short lead time, and the conference promoted discussion of the problems encountered. The ICPF2013 brought together 191 scientists and researchers from 14 countries, affiliated with universities, technology centers and industrial firms to debate topics related to advanced technologies for pumps and fans, which would enhance the sustainable development of fluid machinery and fluid engineering. The Scientific Committee selected 166 technical papers on the following topics: (i) Principles of Fluid Machinery, (ii) Pumps, (iii) Compressors, Fans and Turbochargers, (iv) Turbines, (v) Cavitation and Multiphase Flow, (vi) Systems and Other Fluid Machinery, and 10 invited plenary and invited session lectures, which were presented at the conference, to be included in the proceedings. All the papers of ICPF2013, which were published in this volume of IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, have been peer reviewed through processes administered by the editors of the ICPF2013, those are Yulin Wu, Zhengwei Wang, Shouqi Yuan, Weidong Shi, Shuhong Liu, Xingqi Luo and Fujun Wang. We sincerely hope that the 6th International Conference on Pumps and Fans with Compressors and Wind Turbines is a significant step forward in the worldwide efforts to address the present challenges facing modern fluid machines. Professor Yulin Wu Chairman of the Local Organizing Committee 6th International Conference on Pumps and Fans with Compressors and Wind Turbines (ICPF2013) October 2013 The PDF contains a list of organizers, sponsors and committees.


who had had a renal transplant for at least 6 months, and who had a serum-creatinine of less than 3 mg. per 100 ml., no difference was found between two groups in the percentage of hyperlipaemic patients, fasting serum-triglycerides, or pre-P-lipoproteins. Only serum-cholesterol levels were higher in patients on daily steroid, but the mean level was still in the normal range (see accompanying table). These results do not confirm, therefore, the action of alternate-day steroids in preventing post-transplant hyperlipidaemia, even if our patients had a shorter post-transplant period than Beaumont et al. patients (mean 17 months v. 43 months). The role of steroids in this complication requires further definition; it might be best elucidated by serial determination of the lipid patterns after transplantation. But steroid therapy may not be the only cause of transplant hyperlipxmia: for instance, after successful transplant many patients, for psychological and physical reasons, tend


Introduction: The relationship between rhabdomyolysis and elevated troponins has not been clearly established. Literature has been limited to case reports and small single center studies. However, ...


on to say denies succession and affirms fulfilment as the relationship between this world and the world to come. This allows history both to have an end and to have an event-relationship to the coming age. "If history is to be ultimately meaningful, the relationship between time and eternity must be other than successive, indeed other than temporal. This Christianity alone provides" (p. 143). In an appendix Marsh refers to Oscar Cullmann's Christ and Time which book appeared after the substance of this book was written. Marsh gives a critical review of Cullmann's work pointing out agreements and differences in their views concerning time, history and eternity. Professor Marsh has given us a very convincing Biblical basis for his views. As long as he follows the Biblical ideas he seems to have a better argument than when he departs into the realm of philosophical speculation. Taylor C. Smith


An accurate and reliable estimation of subscribers' locations in a cellular network is becoming increasingly important for not only telco-related services but also commercial domains. The data collected in cellular network for locating subscribers could come from multiple sources with different characteristics such as accuracy, noise variance and spatial and temporal resolutions. Given various localisation techniques, it would be advantageous to utilize the multiple data sources to obtain an accurate location rather than relying on single type of measurement. Data fusion, which integrates multiple types of measurement, is an promising solution to provide location estimation with better accuracy, reliability and coverage. In this work, we proposed a data fusion framework using multiple spatio-temporal data sources. Existing solutions in the literature general rely on generative models based on attributes like Received Signal Strength (RSS), Angle of Arrival (AOA), and/or Round Trip Delay Time (RTT) that may not be available in practice due to various reasons. We address the problem from a pure data driven perspective. The challenges of practical implementation such as oscillation removal and noise estimation are discussed in depth. Moreover, the proposed framework is deployed into production and fully evaluated with data sources from a telco in Singapore.


This study aims to describe the differences in the critical thinking ability of male and female students at junior high school (SMPN 27 Surabaya) on environmental pollution topics. The type of research used is descriptive. The research sample was 34 students of SMPN 27 Surabaya class VII F consisting of 17 female students and 17 male students. Data collection was carried out using critical thinking skills tests, student questionnaires, and learning observation sheets. The data obtained include students' critical thinking skills, observation results, and interview results that have been grouped based on the student's gender. The results of this study show that there are differences in critical thinking skills between male students and female students. Female students scored an average critical thinking ability of 75, while male students scored 65. The critical thinking ability of female students is higher than that of male students, as evidenced by the average score of female students being higher than that of male students. It shows that in learning activities, teachers must pay attention to student gender differences, motivate students, and choose the appropriate learning model.


The application of Kapton film and the Prometec Laserscope for measuring spot welding laser spotsize has been investigated. The Laserscope measurements enabled a direct comparison with Kapton film results to be made. To synchronize hollow needle rotation of the Laserscope with the laser pulsation required the construction of a timing circuit. Four thicknesses of Kapton film (25, 50, 75, and 125 µm) were tested. For both the Kapton and Laserscope tests, multiple measurements about the focal plane were made at different pulse energies and durations The spotsize measurements with Kapton film indicated that a minimum thickness is necessary in order to obtain a cleanly burned through hole in the film and repeatability in the measurements. Kapton measurements with 125 µm film indicated that neither variations in pulse energy nor pulse duration affected the spotsize measurement. At small laser spotsize and low beam divergence the two measurement techniques yielded similar results. Conversely at larger spotsize and greater beam divergence the Kapton film measured spotsize was up to 30% larger than the Laserscope spotsize. Verification of the Kapton measurements with another method is warranted.The application of Kapton film and the Prometec Laserscope for measuring spot welding laser spotsize has been investigated. The Laserscope measurements enabled a direct comparison with Kapton film results to be made. To synchronize hollow needle rotation of the Laserscope with the laser pulsation required the construction of a timing circuit. Four thicknesses of Kapton film (25, 50, 75, and 125 µm) were tested. For both the Kapton and Laserscope tests, multiple measurements about the focal plane were made at different pulse energies and durations The spotsize measurements with Kapton film indicated that a minimum thickness is necessary in order to obtain a cleanly burned through hole in the film and repeatability in the measurements. Kapton measurements with 125 µm film indicated that neither variations in pulse energy nor pulse duration affected the spotsize measurement. At small laser spotsize and low bea...


The two title compounds 3-methoxy-17-keto-17-benzyl-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-16-nitrile, C26H29NO2, (I) and (17S)-3-methoxy-17-hydroxy-17-benzyl-16,17-secoestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-16-nitrile, C26H31NO2, (II), have similar conformations in the solid state. The models from molecular mechanics calculations show an improvement in the similarity of the calculated (modeled) structures. However, they also revealed that the global energy minimum structure of (I) is a structure with a rotated 17-benzyl moiety. Thus, the difference in the bio logical activity of the two compounds ((I) a moderate anti-oestrogen, (II) biologically inactive) must be primarily caused by the difference in the orientation of the 17-benzyl moiety in the free molecules. In (II), the molecules are linked by weak O—H…N hydrogen bonds, forming spirals along the b direction.


He lin was a famous thinker in contemporary history, his theory system of cultural philosophy includes the idea of psychology and matter, the intuition and practicality and the unity of knowing and doing.


The surrounding rock damage of a tunnel under adjacent explosive load is often manifested as the growth of the original crack. In order to thoroughly understand the crack growth mechanism, in this study, the growth process of the original crack was investigated in detail by the dynamic caustics experiment. The experimental study shows that the growth of original crack is the result of the combined action of explosion stress wave and explosive gas. The quasi-static stress generated by the explosive gas was superimposed on the weakened stress field, resulting in the formation of the peak of the main stress difference in the surrounding rock, moving towards the adjacent tunnel in the form of an arc wave. With the arc wave moving towards the original crack, the growth rate of the original crack increases rapidly. During the period of 200 μs to 250 μs, the crack growth rate oscillates at the peak, and its size is approximately equal to the moving speed of the arc wave. Based on the experimental results and microscopic damage mechanics, the high stress concentration at the original crack tip under the stress wave first causes damage localization and the weakest chain is formed by the penetration of the damage localization zones by microcracks by special distribution law. Subsequently, the original crack starts to initiate and grow along the direction of the weakest chain.


The purpose of this paper is to deal with the current state of
affairs in the supervision over the capital market. The
supervision will be regarded at the state level, at the
European Union (EU) level and at European Economic Area (EEA)
level. Latest legislative changes and the process of vertical
integration of the supervision will be included. After a brief
introduction and a historical excursion the authors will focus
on explaining crucial concepts of the paper from legal and
economic point of view. These concepts include the integrated
supervision over the capital market and a question of its
flexibility. The new concept of supervision over the capital
market is connected to the EU internal market. The supervision
is partly moved from member states' authorities to the EU
authorities. The question is whether this delegation of power
will bring more positive influences or more negative
influences.


Objective:To determine the effect of enteral supplement of medium chain triglyceride on fat metabolism and intestinal adaptation in rats with short bowel syndrome(SBS).Methods:Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: sham rats fed 30% LCT enteral nutrition(Con),SBS rats fed 30% LCT enteral nutrition(LSB) and SBS rats fed 30% MCT/LCT(MCT∶LCT=1∶1) enteral nutrition(MSB).SBS rats received 85% mid small bowel resection,and sham rats received sham operation.All animals received isonitrogenic and isocaloric enteral nutrition.Fat absorbability,plasma free fatty acids,parameters of intestinal adaptation(body weight,jejunal and ileal weight,jejunal and ileal mucosal weight,jejunal and ileal mucosal DNA and protein content,jejunal and ileal villus length,crypt depth,mucosal thickness),enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis were determined.Results:After massive small bowel resection,rats had significant bowel adaptation.Compared with LSB rats,MSB rats demonstrated a significant increase in fat absorbability,serum total FFA and serum EFA levels.No significant difference was found between MSB rats and LSB rats in body weight,intestinal weight,mucosal DNA and protein content,intestinal mucosal villus length,crypt depth and mucosal thickness,enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis.Conclusion:In a rat model of SBS,moderate enteral supplement of medium chain triglyceride appears to increase fat absorbability,serum FFA levels,but does not inhibit intestinal adaptation.


Much recent research in the database community focuses on ways toexpand the modelling capabilities of database management systems. Thedriving force behind this research is the growing size and sophisticationof the user community, whose needs and applications seem to always beseveral steps ahead of the technology. One of the areas where considerableprogress has been made in this regard is in the extension of existing datamodels to represent and manage the temporal dimension of data. In thispaper we examine how these enhanced modelling capabilities will increasethe functionality of the database management systems of tomorrow. Wealso introduce the notion of Temporal Representation Transparency as theappropriate abstraction mechanism for providing this increased functionalitywith minimum burden to the user.


It is generally believed that Information Communication Technologies through the use of Computer Applications Technology can extend knowledge and education to poor and marginalised people in South Africa. However, African countries still face many challenges in trying to provide appropriate and sustainable solutions for improving education and skills that will support the development of educators in all communities; this can be viewed in light of the millennium developmental goal. Thus the Department of Education put measures in place to bridge the gap in knowledge, skills and understanding of Computer Application Technology (CAT) educators through the provision of in-service training (INSET) programs. The research study was aimed at investigating challenges that CAT educators were experiencing in their classrooms in Secondary Schools in the Free State province. The study made use of a survey and an evaluation research design. The target population for this study was all Further Education and Training (FET) Phase educators in all secondary schools in the Free State Province. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect qualitative data. The study revealed that the INSET program still needs to improve on its content relevance to syllabus and it should provide educators with skills in dealing with the challenge of teaching learners with disabilities. The majority of educators were satisfied with the INSET program as they indicated that it assisted in enhancing their skills and content knowledge; they further indicated that it gave them motivation to go into classrooms and teach. That the study did achieve its goal which was to assess the impact of INSET programs for CAT educators in the Motheo District, Free State province. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n7p411


The air-gaps will appear in the ice-layer during icing and ice-melting process of composite insulators. The icing flashover process and flashover voltage are obviously affected by the air-gaps. In order to research the influence of the air-gaps on the icing flashover performance of composite insulators, the icing flashover tests were carried out by using the plate model of insulators. The influence of different characteristics of the air-gaps on the flashover performance of the model, such as the length, position, number and angle of model was researched, and the flashover process, variation of the leakage current and flashover voltage under different kinds of air-gaps were also compared. The results show that, the development path of the arc changes with the different characteristics of the air-gaps. The flashover voltage decreases at first and then increases with the increasing of the length and model angel of the air-gaps. The flashover voltage increases when the distance between the air-gap and the electrode becomes larger, and the increasing of the air-gap number can also increase the flashover voltage with the constant whole length of the air-gaps.


Using a system of Heisenberg's equation of motion for both the normal and the anomalous correlation functions a two-fluid hydrodynamics for superfluid helium-4 was constructed. The method is based on a gradient expansion of the exact equations of motion for correlation functions about a local equilibrium together with explicit use of the local equilibrium statistical operator for superfluid helium in the frame of reference, where condensate is rest.


A high-resolution 2 cm map of the nuclear region of the spiral galaxy NGC 253 is analyzed. The size, position angle, flux density, and brightness temperature for compact radio sources in NGC 253 are described. The central core and radio knots of NGC 253 are examined. It is observed that the central radio source has a brightness temperature of 90,000 K and is surrounded by knots of 0.1 arcsec with spectral indices of -0.3 and brightness temperatures of a few thousand degrees. The alignment of the knots at position angle 44 deg + or - 1 deg is studied. The relationship between the nuclear structure orientation and the nuclear activity is discussed. 35 references.


Background/Aim: The glutathione S-transferase pi gene (GSTP1) is a polymorphic gene encoding functionally different Gstp1 isoenzyme proteins. These seem to contribute to xenobiotic metabolism and might also play a role in susceptibility to cancer. The aim of this study was to elucidate the potential role of GSTP1 as a biomarker for disease progression and predictor of chemotherapeutic effect in glioma. Materials and Methods: Using quantitative real time PCR and western blotting analysis, a total of 61 astrocytic tumor samples from WHO grade II-IV were investigated. Results: There were no differences in GSTP1 mRNA expression between diffuse astrocytomas, anaplastic astrocytomas, or GBM. No difference was seen between secondary GBM before and after radio-/chemotherapy. Conclusion: The expression of GSTP was highly heterogeneous within the surgical specimens. No significant differences in gene and protein expression were detected between the different types of gliomas, suggesting that glioma chemoresistance is probably multifactorial and GSTP1-independent.


Analytical solutions for conduction heat transfer into infinite slab and infinite cylinder were manipulated to give heating equations for a cube and a finite cylinder. Calculated values of j and fh from these equations were substituted into Ball's formula to calculate required hold time for low acid foods containing particulates. This simplifies the calculations normally involved and eliminates the requirement of a computer. However, the method has a limited range of application due to assumptions made in the derivation of Ball's Formula. The assumptions of Ball's Formula relative to aseptic systems are discussed, and a sample calculation is included.


BACKGROUND For palliation of malignant biliary obstruction (MBO), the gold-standard method of biliary drainage is endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with the placement of metallic stents. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage is an alternative that is typically reserved for cases of ERCP failure. Recently, however, there have been robust randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing EUS-guided drainage and ERCP as primary approaches to MBO. AIM To compare EUS guidance and ERCP in terms of their effectiveness and safety in palliative biliary drainage for MBO. METHODS This was a systematic review and meta-analysis, in which we searched the MEDLINE, Excerpta Medica, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Only RCTs comparing EUS and ERCP for primary drainage of MBO were eligible. All of the studies selected provided data regarding the rates of technical and clinical success, as well as the duration of the procedure, adverse events, and stent patency. We assessed the risk of biases using the Jadad score and the quality of evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria. RESULTS The database searches yielded 5920 records, from which we selected 3 RCTs involving a total of 222 patients (112 submitted to EUS and 110 submitted to ERCP). In the EUS and ERCP groups, the rate of technical success was 91.96% and 91.81%, respectively, with a risk difference (RD) of 0.00% (95%CI: -0.07, 0.07; P = 0.97; I2 = 0%). The clinical success was 84.81% and 85.53% in the EUS and ERCP groups, respectively, with an RD of −0.01% (95%CI: -0.12, 0.10; P = 0.90; I2 = 0%). The mean difference (MD) for the duration of the procedure was -0.12% (95%CI: -8.20, 7.97; P = 0.98; I2 = 84%). In the EUS and ERCP groups, there were 14 and 25 adverse events, respectively, with an RD of -0.06% (95%CI: -0.23, 0.12; P = 0.54; I2 = 77%). The MD for stent patency was 9.32% (95%CI: -4.53, 23.18; P = 0.19; I2 = 44%). The stent dysfunction rate was significantly lower in the EUS group (MD = -0.22%; 95CI:-0.35, -0.08; P = 0.001; I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION EUS represents an interesting alternative to ERCP for MBO drainage, demonstrating lower stent dysfunction rates compared with ERCP. Technical and clinical success, duration, adverse events and patency rates were similar.


Topologically ordered systems in the presence of symmetries can exhibit new structures which are referred to as symmetry enriched topological (SET) phases. We introduce simple methods to detect the SET order directly from a complete set of topologically degenerate ground state wave functions. In particular, we first show how to directly determine the characteristic symmetry fractionalization of the quasiparticles from the reduced density matrix of the minimally entangled states. Second, we show how a simple generalization of a non-local order parameter can be measured to detect SETs. The usefulness of the proposed approached is demonstrated by examining two concrete model states which exhibit SET: (i) a spin-1 model on the honeycomb lattice and (ii) the resonating valence bond state on a kagome lattice. We conclude that the spin-1 model and the RVB state are in the same SET phases.


: In the case of the given design variables and constraint functions, this paper is concerned with the rapid overall parameters design of trajectory, propulsion and aerodynamics for long-range ballistic missiles based on the index of the minimum take-off mass. In contrast to the traditional subsystem independent design, this paper adopts the research idea of the combination of the subsystem independent design and the multisystem integration design. Firstly, the trajectory, propulsion and aerodynamics of the subsystem are separately designed by the engineering design, including the design of the minimum energy trajectory, the computation of propulsion system parameters, and the calculation of aerodynamic coef fi cient and dynamic derivative of the missile by employing the software of missile DATCOM. Then, the uniform design method is used to simplify the constraint conditions and the design variables through the integration design, and the accurate design of the optimized variables would be accomplished by adopting the uniform particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Finally, the automation design software is written for the three-stage solid ballistic missile. The take-off mass of 29 850 kg is derived by the subsystem independent design, and 20 constraints are reduced by employing the uniform design on the basis of 29 design variables and 32 constraints, and the take-off mass is dropped by 1 850 kg by applying the combination of the uniform design and PSO. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed hybrid optimization technique.


— In the present work, aimed to investigate the nuclear structure of 6 Li, the charge form factor and the charge radius of 6 Li have been calculated. Within the framework of E ff ective Field Theory (EFT) at low energy, the charge form factor and the root-mean-square charge radius of 6 Li calculated in the zero-momentum-transfer limit based on cluster structure of 6 Li. The results of this model for the root-mean-square charge radius of 6 Li at low energies are comparable with the available experimental data and those of other theoretical models.


Lead (Pb) inhibited K-PNPPASE of rat brain P{sub 2} fraction in a concentration dependent manner with median inhibitory concentration of 3.5 {times} 10{sup {minus}6M}. Altered pH versus activity demonstrated comparable inhibitions by Pb in buffered acidic, neutral and alkaline pH ranges. Inhibition of enzyme activity was decreased with increase in temperature (17-27-37{degree}C) suggesting negative correlation. Sulfhydryl agents such as cysteine dithiothreitol (DTT) but not glutathione protected Pb inhibition. Kinetic studies on cationic-substrate activation with Pb alone, Pb + cysteine and Pb + DTT showed significant changes in kinetic constants (K{sub m} and V{sub max}). These results confirmed that Pb inhibits Na{sup +}-K{sup +} ATPase system by interacting with dephosphorylation of the enzyme-phosphoryl complex and exerts and effect similar to that of SH-blocking agents.


The invention relates to a liquid level measuring method based on acoustic wave resonance frequency and belongs to the field of liquid level measuring based on acoustic wave reflection principles. The liquid level measuring method includes: generating effective sweep frequency acoustic waves; adopting a time domain quick resonance point detection algorithm to acquire resonance points of superposed acoustic waves of transmitting acoustic waves and liquid level reflection acoustic waves on a time domain; utilizing a time domain and frequency domain corresponding relation to solve a resonance fundamental frequency difference so as to acquire a liquid level depth value. On the basis of resonance principles based on low-frequency acoustic waves, a time domain analysis method is adopted to determine resonance frequency, so that the liquid level measuring method is simple, efficient and high in reliability and operability; the algorithm has no too high requirements on hardware performance, so that hardware cost in actual application is lowered greatly, and the liquid level measuring method can be widely applied in acoustic wave liquid level measuring instruments.


Recipes determine the quality of livestock feed and the hydraulic adders are one of the elements determining if the given recipe will be carried out.


Polarization resolved nonlinear microscopy is a powerful tool to image structural information in biomolecular assemblies. Nonlinear interaction between light and matter lead to complex processes where coherent combinations of optical fields couple to assemblies of molecular transition dipoles. Controlling polarized optical fields and monitoring nonlinear induced signals in a medium can nevertheless bring rich information on molecular orientational organization within the focal spot of a microscope ob jective. In this PhD thesis we apply this polarization sensitivity to different label-free optical coherent techniques (coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)) and to two-photon fluorescence (2PEF) to retrieve quantitative information on the static
molecular distribution shape and orientation of lipids in model membranes and biological membranes such as myelin sheaths in spinal cord tissues. With this technique, we address fundamental questions about lipid packing behavior in membranes, and how it can be affected by other molecules such as cholesterol and the insertion of fluorescent lipid
probes. We demonstrate that polarization resolved CARS give access to fine details on lipids arrangement in myelin sheaths, at a sub-diffraction scale. In the context of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis disease (EAE) we show, that even at the stage of disruption of the myelin envelope during the demyelination process, lipids multilayers
reveal strong capability to preserve their macroscopic self-assembly into highly organized structures, with a degree of disorganization occurring only at the molecular scale. At last, we show that such technique can be combined with a larger scope of studies in bioimaging; we use multimodal microscopy (combined CARS and 2PEF) to image axonal
degeneration and immune cell recruitment associated to demyelination process in order to address biological questions related to the immune response and axon damage during progression of the neurodegenerative disease.


Substance use disorder (SUD) is a significant public health concern and the comorbidity between eating disorders also, substance use disorders (SUDs) in general have been sought in causal or common etiology. Personality traits have been suggested as shared influences on both of them .Early screening for risk factors for the development of co-occurring eating disorders and substance use disorder as well as sociocultural factors can improve the prognosis of patients

 to estimate the occurrence of disturbed eating behavior in patients with substance use disorder.

 The present study is a cross sectional observational study aimed to investigate the relation between disturbed eating behavior and the severity of substance abuse in patients with substance use disorder. Illustrate the Association between disturbed eating behavior and the severity of substance.

 The results are divided in to 2 parts: Descriptive part of the socio demographic data, disturbed eating behaviors and analytical part consists of relation between disturbed eating behavior and socio demographic data, as well as relation between addiction severity and sociodemographic data, and finally between disturbed eating behaviors and addiction severity index.

 As the duration of SUD increases the interparental conflicts and interparental violence increases which increases the risk of internalizing, externalizing and total behavioral problems among their children.


In a survey of the distribution of Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) Ag. along the north and east shorelines of the Laurentian Great Lakes, it was observed that this species was concentrated in the lower lakes. Asexual reproduction by monospore formation was the only form of reproduction in these populations. First generation germlings derived from these spores grew in a wide range of salinities from 1 to 26‰, but the rate was inversely proportional to salinity. In addition, acclimation of parent plants to freshwater or marine media prior to sporulation affected growth rates of first generation germlings placed into a series of salinities. By the second and third generation, germlings with a lineage of seawater showed a preference for the higher salinities, 19 and 26‰ Plants collected in Lake Ontario exhibited no decline in photosynthetic rate as salinity was raised by 13‰ for 15 min. At 26‰ the rate was reduced by half and thylakoids were disrupted in the region of the pyrenoid. On the other hand, third generation plants with a history of seawater attained maximum photosynthetic rates at 26‰ and contained a normal thylakoid organization. Three chromosomes were observed in these plants, which agrees with some of the previous findings for marine Bangia. Origins and taxonomic status of Bangia growing In the Great Lakes are discussed in light of these findings.


The present invention relates generally to a hearing aid and a method of manufacturing a hearing aid. The present invention further hearing aid housing and a manufacturing method for interference. The present invention more particularly relates to custom BTE hearing aid (BTE). The present invention provides a housing comprising a first portion and a second portion, wherein said first portion is adapted to fit the contour of the cleft between a pinna and the skull of an individual. The housing may be part of a hearing aid (17), which is connected to a first end of the tube (9) and the ear (20) of the second end. In a third aspect of the present invention, there is disclosed a process for preparation of the shell, and in a fourth aspect, there is also disclosed a method of manufacturing a hearing aid.


Task-based Language Teaching is becoming a focus of linguists in recent years.On the basis of the notion of task-based approach,characteristics of business English and an example of a specific lesson,this paper is intended to explore the application of the approach in English for International Business Communication teaching in higher vocational college.


Work Life Balance - a question of income and gender? : A qualitative study about Work Life Balance and affecting factors in the Philippines


The purpose of this study is to examine the experiences of school violence among multicultural adolescents, and to examine the victims by organizing them into emotional and physical vulnerabilities and guardian characteristics based on the theory of daily activities As the social pattern of adolescents changes, our society should no longer turn a blind eye to the phenomenon of school violence against multicultural adolescents. However, as explained in the empirical study of factors influencing school violence damage by Bu Chan-ju (2018), studies on school violence damage in multicultural adolescents are insufficient compared to the history of studies on factors influencing school violence in general adolescents. In other words, in Korea, there is a lot of research on the damage of school violence by general adolescents, but there are not many studies on the damage of school violence by multicultural adolescents. Accordingly, this study aims to study the damage of school violence among multicultural adolescents by analyzing a total of 2,246 people in the final analysis of children from multicultural families in the second multicultural youth panel survey conducted in 2019. As a result of the study, it was found that vulnerability, experience of discrimination damage, and level of difficulty in school life were influenced by factors influencing school violence damage of multicultural adolescents. This means that the higher the emotional and physical vulnerability, the more experienced discrimination damage, and the more difficult it is for the entire school life, the more experienced school violence damage. Based on this, policy suggestions were presented to reduce the emotional vulnerability of multicultural adolescents to prevent school violence and improve their adaptation to school life.


THIS ISSUE IS SOMEWHAT SLIMMER THAN RECENT ONES. This is not due to lack of copy – indeed the converse is the case. I have endeavoured to get authors' work into print as quickly as possible but the consequence of an abundance of accepted papers and a commitment, after two years of the Record significantly exceeding its page budget (with a concomitant financial cost to RSPSoc), to keep to the agreed page budget for 2012 is a lean current issue. The recent buoyant number of author submissions means additional work in peer reviewing those papers. We wish to acknowledge the debt we owe to the referees who conscientiously assess papers submitted to The Photogrammetric Record, and this issue provides a list of the names of the referees who have reviewed papers from July 2010 to June 2012. Simon Buckley, the Coordinator of the Record's International Editorial Board (IEB), and I have discussed the desirability of providing due recognition to those referees who have worked diligently, and voluntarily, to vet submissions and suggest improvements to papers from which readers of the Record benefit enormously. The names of referees have been published sporadically over the years, for example, by Newby and Chandler (2006), but we wish to initiate a more systematic recognition of their efforts. The need to preserve anonymity means that a two-year period has been chosen to prevent individual authors identifying the referees who have provided feedback and suggested improvements to their submissions. The next list of referee names will therefore appear in December 2014. The last editorial that appeared in the Record on the topic of peer review was by my predecessor and now Editor Emeritus, Paul Newby (2009), which highlighted the problems associated with the review process and wondered if truly revolutionary developments, such as those of Einstein or Fourcade, would have been published if subjected to modern review practices. In the current editorial, I would like to investigate how the Record's review process compares with that of other journals' generally accepted procedures. Let me begin with a brief outline of how the review process operates in the case of The Photogrammetric Record. When a prospective paper is received, our IEB Coordinator, Simon Buckley, to whom every reader and author is hugely indebted for his diligent and time-consuming work, scans the paper for two primary reasons: firstly, to check that the paper has the potential in terms of content, quality and originality to make it worthy of sending for review; and secondly, to appraise the subject area (not always apparent from the title or even the abstract). If the first of these is obviously not met, the paper will be rejected by the coordinator without the involvement of other IEB members. If the paper appears to be of high quality, but is not sufficiently photogrammetric, the author will be directed to another journal (perhaps a surveying or remote sensing one).


We observe that countries at low levels of income invest at lower rates than those at higher levels of income. This paper explains this fact as a consequence of Engel's law, i.e. that there is an inverse relation between expenditure and its proportion spent on food. It introduces non-homothetic preferences based on Engel's law in a simple Solow model. These preferences imply rates of net investment that increase with the level of income as we approach the steady state. Increasing investment rates imply a positive correlation between growth rates and the level of income, at low levels of income, rather than an inverse relation, as the usual Solow model implies. The existence of a positive correlation between income growth rates and income levels, at low levels of income in the presence of this type of preference, has already been shown in a previous paper for a closed economy. The purpose of this paper is to show that this positive correlation persists when we introduce trade into the model.


Objective To investigate the different effect of chemokine CXCL12 with its receptor CXCR-4 about the biological behavior in high and low metastatic human ovary serous cystadenocarcinoma cells.Methods Expression of adhesion molecules including CD44,CD49e,E-cadherinon on HO-8910PM and HO-8910 ovarian cancer cell lines was determined by flow cytometry.RT-PCR assay was employed to detect the expression of CXCR-4 on both HO-8910PM and HO-8910 cells.The effects of CXCL12,on proliferation,migration and expression of adhesion molecules on those cells were also investigated by MTT,FCM and transwell culture system.Results Expression of CD44(97.6% vs 96.2%) was detected on both HO-8910PM and HO-8910 cells,otherwise,there was almost no expression of E-cadherin on former cells(6.5%),high expression on latter one(92.5%).there was high expression on HO-8910PM cells(93.3%) and almost no expression on HO-8910 cells(5.7%).The adhesion molecules on HO-8910PM was up-regulated in the presence of CXCL12,especially the expression of CD49e(27.6% vs 83.2%,P0.05).CXCL12 also can induce the proliferation and migration of ovarian cancer cells.Conclusion CXCL 12 and its receptor-CXCR-4 may play a greatly implication on ovarian cancer proliferation and metastasis.


Ailanthus excelsa is a fast growing, indigenous species in India. Understanding the distribution of genetic diversity, among individuals, populations and gene pools is crucial to efficiently manage the variability in germplasm collections for breeding programms. The present paper deals with protocols for isolation of genomic DNA, PCR analysis and its diversity in Ailanthus excelsa genotypes from different states of India. This preliminary result indicated total number of amplified products of thirteen primers was 74 and it is the first report of this species. A total of 74 PCR products were obtained and all were polymorphic, Genetic similarity among the species was analyzed by using the software NTSYSpc 2.02 analysis Dendrogram grouped A.excelsa which is from different geographical locations together and the Genetic distance values range from 0.27 to 0.65. The primer give the maximum and the minimum level of polymorphism 88% to 40% and it use for the long term breeding programme. This is the first report in Ailanthus excelsa of RAPD marker analysis.


Jones concludes with the fourth, the "contextual," sense and the conversation with the world. The contextual sense is the "truth for all" becoming "truth for us" and "truth for me" (p. 111). Jones presents four models for contextualizing any biblical text, asserting that using Fackre's model of dynamic equivalence in the translation of the concepts of a biblical text to a contemporary context can preserve "the integrity of biblical meaning in contemporary forms of action" (p. 113). In contextualizing Psalm 90, Jones observes that the themes of community allow for privileged communities to lament and acknowledge those communities experiencing poverty or war, while simultaneously providing hope for the community of God (p. 121). I have only two criticisms of Jones's model. First, the task put forward to the minister by Fackre's model is daunting. For many ministers, to complete this much weekly preparation for a text would be difficult at best, a challenge Jones does acknowledge in chapter 2. Second, the model may mute voices from outside Christianity. Fackre's model is particularly Christian, and as such may reduce the Jewish, Muslim, feminist, or other voices necessary for understanding both the Old and New Testaments. Nevertheless, Jones is to be commended for his well-written and accessible model for theological interpretation of Scripture. His model can – and in my opinion should – be used more often in churches, seminaries, and Bible studies.


Ankermann has confined his investigations to the distribution of instruments within Africa, and the only idiophones of which he takes account are slit-drums, bells, the xylophone, and the sansa. Sachs arrives at his strata I-II by considering the length of the eastern dispersal-radius (from Asia by way of Oceania to America), without including the African occurrences; though, conversely, he arranges some later strata according to the African distribution. In accordance with the methodological principle that distribution over the whole world must be decisive for any system of grouping adopted, I have attempted in what follows to arrange the African sound-producing instruments according to their distribution both within that continent and outside it. It is not meant that all instruments now united in the same group necessarily belong to one and the same culture, but only that, in all probability, they are nearer to each other in time and more closely related in origin than they are to the members of any other group. A closer examination, especially if undertaken with a view to including consideration of all other cultural phenomena, will in many cases lead to subdivision into smaller groups, perhaps also to different arrangements, or even to a change in the entire scheme. The designations of the several groups are not meant to suggest a prejudice of any kind; they were added post factum, principally because it is convenient to have a name for everything. Those borrowed from the nomenclature of Frobenius and Struck should not be taken to mean that their notions of African 'cultures' necessarily coincide with our groups; they are only intended to suggest the directions in which contacts can be sought. The names of the instruments have been taken over from Sachs; the numbers appended to them refer to his strata.


Activated carbon is one of the most effective materials for removing a wide range of contaminants from water, e.g., industrial and municipal wastewater. In this paper, physical (steam) activation of peach pit biochar obtained from a biomass gasification power plant is explored. Activation experiments were carried out at various temperatures, steam flow rates, and activation times. The initial biochar and activated biochar samples have been analyzed for porosity, chemical composition and surface morphology. From the porosity analyses it was determined that the raw biochar had a surface area in the order of 1 m2/g, whereas the activated samples had surface areas ranging from 379 m2/g to nearly 600 m2/g. The burn off ranged from 29 % to 56 %. Energy wise, the biochar sample processed for the shortest time with the lowest flow rate had the largest ratio of surface area-to-consumed energy.


The novel inherits the thinking tradition and the literary tradition of the enlightenment in the age of the May Fourth . It makes a deep cultural reflection on the life in the period of historical transition by painstakingly selecting historical matters and emphatically depicting domestic affairs from the height of thinking culture , and shows Mao Dun's understanding of the importance of anti feudal thinking revolution.Thus it has distinctive and deep meaning in all of Mao Dun's novels.


Background Antibodies to clinically significant red cell antigens contribute to hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of fetus and newborn. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of extended red cell antigen phenotypes among regular donors in Fayoum, Egypt, and to create an emergency model database for chronic transfusion patients. Similar data in Egypt is rare to find in the literature. Patients and methods The study was carried out over 1 year from December 2020 until November 2021in Fayoum University Hospital Blood Bank. In all, 1834 healthy known blood donor samples were analyzed for major Rh phenotypes (D, C, c, E, e) and for other clinically significant systems including Kell, Kidd, MNS, and Duffy. Results Phenotypic frequencies of Rh system were D+ (84.4%), e+ (79.6%), and C+ (63.9%). The K antigen frequency was 4.3%, Jka 79.4%, Jkb 62.37%, Fy a 33.2%, Fy b 44.4%, M antigen 88%, N antigen 38.6%, and the S and s antigens 48.2 and 85.3%, respectively. Conclusion Determination of red cell antigen phenotyping in Fayoum, Egypt, plays an important role in setting a routine phenotyping strategy for multiple transfused patients by keeping the donor database for rare phenotypes to prevent hemolytic transfusion reaction.


.................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................... 3 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2. Study Aims ............................................................................................................. 5 1.3. Significance of the Study ....................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ONE .................................................... 7 Determining lower-body mechanical stiffness: A review of models and methods 2.


In a drawing of a clustered graph vertices and edges are drawn as points and curves, while clusters are represented by simple closed regions. A drawing is c-planar if it has no edge-edge, edge-region, or region-region crossings. An obvious necessary condition for c-planarity is the planarity of the graph underlying the clustered graph. However, planarity is not sufficient and the constraints imposed by the absence of edge-region and of region-region crossings make the family of c-planar graphs too small for some of the typical Graph Drawing application contexts. Hence, we relax such constraints and define and study $ $-drawings of \cgs whose underlying graph is planar. In an $ $-drawing the number of edge-edge, edge-region, and region-region crossings is equal to $\alpha$, $\beta$, and $\gamma$, respectively. In this context $ $-drawings are a generalization of c-planar drawings, where $\alpha=\beta=\gamma=0$.


e13004 Background: Familial breast cancer accounts for 10-15% of breast cancer cases. The prevalence of germline pathogenic mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes 1 and 2 ( BRCA1/2) among female breast cancer patients remained variable across studies depending on the population/settings studied. The estimate varied between 8-10% of the unselected female breast cancer population. There is a lack of data regarding the prevalence of BRCA1/2 among female breast cancer patients in India. Methods: This prospective observational study included consecutive patients with breast cancer in females, registered at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India between the period of 1st September 2022 to 25th January 2023(5 months duration). The staging description was done as per anatomic TNM staging according to AJCC 7th edition. Mutation testing was performed in all patients by a standard next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay covering the BRCA1/2 gene. The reflex multiplex ligation by probe amplification method was performed in all cases that were negative by NGS. For patients with detected germline mutations in BRCA1/2, post-test counseling was done, and family screening was also advised. Results: A total of 210 female patients with breast cancer were sequentially included in the study. Young breast cancer (less than 35 years of age) constituted 40 (19.04%) cases. Thirty-eight patients (18.09%) women had a positive significant family history. The median age of the cohort was 46 years (range 18-85 years). Synchronous breast cancer was present in 7 (3.3%) cases. The stage distribution was stage I, 11(5.23%); stage II, 73 (34.76%); stage III, 83 (39.52%); and stage IV, 43 (20.47) %. One hundred and ten patients (52.38%) were hormone-receptor-positive, whereas 66 (31.42%) patients were HER2/neu positive. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) was found in 65 (30.95%) cases. Overall, the prevalence of germline BRCA1/2 mutations was 35/210 (16.6%), which included BRCA 1 and 2 mutations in 22 (10.47%) and 12 (5.71) cases respectively. One case had mutations in both BRCA 1 and BRCA2. Young ( < 35) TNBCs (22 cases/210, 10.47%) have a high propensity for detecting pathogenic BRCA1 mutation (8/22, 36.36%). Conclusions: The prevalence of pathogenic BRCA1/2 in 16.6% of our cohort of unselected consecutive breast cancer patients. It is higher than that reported in the Western population likely due to the younger population and more proportion of triple-negative breast cancer patients in our cohort.


The Chagan sag has the greatest oil and gas exploration potential among other sags in the Yingen-Ejinaqi Basin, Inner Mongolia. To reveal the tectono-thermal evolution history of the Chagan sag, this article utilized the combined forward and inversion method and 35 apatite fission track and 119 vitrinite reflectance data to reconstruct the Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectono-thermal evolution history in the Chagan sag. The results show that the Chagan sag had a high geothermal gradient during the Cretaceous, and it experienced the following 4 stages of tectono-thermal evolutions: (1) a rapid geothermal gradient increase stage from the Bayingebi Formation depositional period to the Suhongtu Formation depositional period, during which the geothermal gradient increased to 46∼52 °C/km at the end of the Suhongtu Formation depositional period; (2) a geothermal gradient peak stage during the Yingen Formation depositional period, with maximum geothermal gradient ranged from 50 to 58 °C/km; (3) a high geothermal gradient continuation stage during the Wulansuhai Formation depositional period, with maximum geothermal gradient ranged from 39 to 48 °C/km; and (4) a thermal subsidence stage during the Cenozoic, during which the Chagan sag is in the uplift and erosion stage due to the Himalayan movement and the geothermal gradient gradually decreased to 31∼34 °C/km at the present day. Moreover, the tectono-thermal evolution was consistent with the tectonic evolution and volcanic activities in the Chagan sag. During the Early Cretaceous, the intraplate rift was developed, lithosphere was thinned and multi-phase intense volcanic rocks were erupted in the Chagan sag, so a large amount of energy was released to the surface from the deep crust, resulting in a high geothermal gradient during this period. In addition, the high geothermal gradient during the Cretaceous was favorable for hydrocarbon generation, corresponding to a shallow paleo-generation threshold, and the Early Cretaceous geothermal fields controlled the hydrocarbon generation of the Chagan sag. This work may provide new insights for the understanding of the oil and gas exploration potential of the Chagan sag.


Policymakers have become interested in the academic outcomes of higher education for both instrumental and normative reasons. In response, the grounds of policy research have shifted from proxy measure toward more direct indicators of near-term student learning. This shift brings us to terms with the conflict between immediacy and accuracy in data-gathering and analysis. The case of the Postsecondary Transcript Sample (PETS) of the National Longitudinal Study well illustrates the particulars of this conflict and their resolution on the side of accuracy.


A unified description of dark ingredients is realized by a vacuum dark fluid defined by symmetry of its stress-energy tensor and allowed by General Relativity. The symmetry is reduced compared with the maximally symmetric de Sitter vacuum, which makes vacuum dark fluid essentially anisotropic and allows its density and pressure to evolve. It represents distributed vacuum dark energy by a time-evolving and spatially inhomogeneous cosmological term, and vacuum dark matter by gravitational vacuum solitons which are regular gravitationally bound structures without horizons (dark particles or dark stars), with the de Sitter centre (Λδki) in de Sitter space (λδki).


Student Services support, including learning skills assistance, can be integral in empowering learners.  First-year students are expected to be self-directed in their learning, yet may have neither been challenged nor experienced negative consequences for a lack of perseverance. Academic skills professionals can be partners with teaching faculty in student success by helping to build transferable learning skills, especially for high-fail introductory courses. In this paper, I report on supplementary workshops developed to target fundamental skills with course-specific examples.  This partnership included incentivizing academic support with both carrots and sticks; instructors in introductory biology strongly urged students receiving D grades or below on the first test to approach Student Services for support, while sociology faculty incorporated workshop attendance into the introductory course with participation grades. Following such incentivizing of learning skills, workshop attendance increased by 45%. In both courses, first test scores and high school averages for students attending workshops did not differ from students not attending workshops. However, students who attended learning skills workshops had significantly higher course grades, persistence, sessional grade point averages (GPAs), and cumulative GPAs than students not attending workshops. Controlling for high school average, each learning skills workshop attended was associated with a 0.11 to 0.27 increase in sessional GPA on a 4.3 point scale.


Abstract Iron deficiency was induced in apple seedlings (Malus domestica Borkh.) grown in solution culture. Severity of leaf chlorosis increased when seedlings were grown in nutrient solutions containing 0.13 ppm Fe at pH 6.5; no Fe at pH 5.5; no Fe at pH 6.5, and no Fe at pH 7.8. Seedlings grown in solutions containing 1.3 ppm Fe at pH 5.5 remained green. Iron deficiency reduced the amount of protoplasm present in the cells. Iron sufficient cells developed normal chloroplasts, containing numerous large starch granules. Leaf net photo synthetic (Pn) rate was 11.6 ug CO2/hr/dm2. Iron deficient plants grown in pH 5.5 solution developed abnormal chloroplasts with dispersed grana and osmosphilic bodies. The size and number of starch granules were reduced and leaf Pn rate was 3.7 mg CO2/hr/dm2. As the pH of the nutrient solution increased the degree of organization of the chloroplasts and the Pn rate decreased. No starch was found in chloroplasts from plants receiving no Fe and growing at pH 6.5 or 7.8. Iron d...


A method is suggested for the analysis of neutron energy spectra based on the interaction of the neutrons with a varying magnetic field, whose frequency is related to the neutron velocity in the following manner: omega = pi v/a, where a'' is equal to half the period. The probability for the neutron to flip its spin is related to the function possessed by the sharp resonance lines in a magnetic field whose strength R is equal to pi v/ gamma a, where gamma '' is the gyromagnetic ratio. Taking advantage of the polarization of the neutrons their velocities can be analyzed with the aid of the magnetic field. For neutrons with a wave length of four Angstroms the magneti c analyzer does not have to be greater than 55 cm in length. (TTT)


A constitution is defined as "the basic principles and laws of a nation state or social group that determine the powers and duties of the government and guarantee certain rights to the people in it."1 The powers and duties of government and the rights which people are guaranteed are the tangible results of an internal process translating history and experience into an institutional framework. No two countries have the same history and experiences and each country must consider its own history characteristics and problems while drafting a constitution. Therefore each countrys constitution should reflect that countrys unique circumstances. Additionally over the last half century the international community has reached some consensus on a minimum standard of human rights that individual governments must guarantee to their citizens. Therefore any new constitution should take into account provisions of the United Nations Charter the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international treaties to which the state is a party. Although a constitution in and of itself can never be sufficient to prevent human rights violations and guarantee womens rights a constitution that specifically provides for the protection of fundamental human rights and freedoms can be an important starting point for remedying past violations and preventing future ones. This article examines the recent constitution-building exercises and developments in Afghanistan and attempts to glean some lessons in gender issues that may be relevant in other post-conflict nations facing the challenges of drafting and adopting new constitutions. (excerpt)


Introduction: The thought of Fidel Castro in relation to the application and generalization of the scientific results is wide and profound. Thesis from his thought about science, its development and contribution to society, and in a particular way his ideas about the application and generalization of the scientific results and the ethic associated to these processes, are identified. Objective: To expose some ideas of Fidel in relation to the application and generalization of the scientific results. Methods: A bibliographic systematic revision; it reached as a starting point the speech in the Auditorium of the Academy of Sciences in 1960, and the speeches in the different editions of the Science and Technique Forums. In the study of the speeches the direct analysis of the content was applied. Development: The application and generalization of the scientific results captured space in the oratory of Fidel Castro. His discourse persisted to persuade the auditorium to assume a position, attitude or action of political type, cither in the general framework of the society, or in the stretched framework of an institution. This persuasive strength in the treatment of a scientific and social interest topic, as it is the generalization of the scientific results joined to an ethical behavior, permitted us to structure the main thesis derived from the study of the thought of Fidel about the application and generalization of scientific results. Conclusions: Thesis derived from the study of Fidel¢s thought about the application and generalizations of the scientific results were identified.


To evaluate the incidence of spinal fractures and their outcomes in the elderly who fall from low‐levels in a suburban county.