The utility model discloses a full digital shaft hoist explosion-proof four-quadrant variable speed control system, used for variable frequency speed control of conveyance hoist drive motor in coal shaft, comprising a rectifier circuit, a DC intermediate circuit, an inverter circuit and a control circuit. The utility model adjusts the frequency and voltage of the motor power supply and realizes motor speed control by controlling signals of the rectifier circuit, the DC intermediate circuit and the inverter circuit with the control circuit. The utility model can realize starting, speed control, deceleration and braking of the hoist automatically and is characterized by wide range and high precision of speed control, convenient operation, high efficiency, energy savings, safety and reliability.


Melaleuca leucadendron L. is a plant whose almost all parts (bark, leaves, twigs, and fruit) can be used as medicine, such as antioxidants, antifungals, sedative effects, and anti-hyaluronidase. This research was conducted to determine tyrosinase inhibition activity and compound content of M. leucadendron leaves. Maceration of M. leucadendron leaves was done in methanol, then carried out liquid-liquid fractionation with n-butanol, chloroform, and water. Methanol extract, butanol fraction, chloroform fraction, and water fraction were tested for phytochemical screening and tyrosinase inhibition using L-DOPA substrate with an ELISA plate well reader. The results of the tyrosinase inhibition activity test at concentrations of 100, 1000 and 10000 μg/mL respectively showed that methanol extract 29.532%, 55.227%, 89.583%; butanol fraction 29.313%, 59.174%, 94.737%, chloroform fraction 21.820%, 24.671%; 53.765%; water fraction 24,086%, 47.661%, 91.118%. Inhibition of the tyrosinase enzyme is shown through the IC50 value from methanol extract, butanol fraction and water fraction, and kojic acid as a positive control, respectively 645.438 μg/mL, 517.935 μg/mL, 669.403 μg/mL, 50.064 μg/mL. Phytochemical screening showed that the extract and fraction contained tannins, flavonoids, saponins, terpenes, and steroids. These results indicate that the butanol fraction is more potent as an anti-tyrosinase agent than the others.


MRS BULLETIN • VOLUME 34 • MARCH 2009 • www.mrs.org/bulletin 151 Heterojunction Solar Cell Fabricated with SingleCrystalline GaN Nanorod Array Arrays of one-dimensional nanostructures have important potential as building blocks for a variety of optoelectronic devices. They may be particularly useful in solar cells, because of their ability to carry photogenerated charges away from a junction region, thus minimizing recombination rates and improving conversion efficiencies. Now a team of researchers led by C.S. Lee and S.T. Lee at the City University of Hong Kong, H.T. Cong at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and their collaborators have demonstrated a heterojunction solar cell based on an array of p-type GaN nanorods on an n-type Si substrate, with promising photovoltaic properties. They reported their findings in the December 10, 2008 issue of Nano Letters (DOI: 10.1021/nl801728d; p. 4191). Gallium nitride is appealing for use in nanodevices because of its wide, direct bandgap, high-carrier mobility, good thermal and chemical stability, and its ability to be por n-doped. GaN nanorods are relatively easily grown on Si substrates with an oriented morphology and a large bandgap difference, making this an attractive potential combination for photovoltaic applications. Motivated by this logic, the Hong Kong group synthesized Mg-doped GaN nanorod arrays by thermally evaporating a powder mixture of GaCl3 and MgCl2 (molar ratio 30:1) for one hour at 850°C in a flow of high-purity ammonia and hydrogen onto a Si substrate that had been seeded with gold nanoparticles. The resulting nanorods had a uniform size distribution of approximately 100 nm in diameter and 1.0 μm in length, and were confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscope images to have a single-crystal wurtzite structure with no observable defects or amorphous shells. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy revealed that the Mg was uniformly distributed in each nanorod, in concentrations varying from 1.1 to 2.4 at.%. The researchers next fabricated a solar cell using one of the arrays, by filling the spaces between the nanorods with insulating photoresist (PMMA) and then electron-beam evaporating a Ni/Au (30/50 nm thicknesses) electrode onto the nanorods and a Ti/Al (30/50 nm thicknesses) electrode onto the backside of the Si substrate. This p-GaN nanorod/n-Si heterojunction device, measuring 0.5 × 0.5 cm2, was exposed to AM1.5G solar illumination with an intensity of 100 mW/cm2, and was found to have a rectification ratio of better than 104 at ± 0.5 V, a fill factor of 0.38, and a power conversion efficiency of 2.73%. Addition ally, the nanorod array dis played a relatively low reflection coefficient, as was expected from its one-dimensional array form, thus functioning as an antireflection coating for the device. The researchers said that these "aligned GaN nanorods can be directly incorporated into the device structure without a complicated fabrication process." These results suggest that one-dimensional nanostructure arrays of GaN are promising components in heterojunction solar cells, and may one day lead to a technology impact rivaling that of GaN in light-emitting diodes. COLIN MCCORMICK


Assuming a deuterium-tritium (DT) burning plasma, effect of the nuclear plus interference (NI) scattering is newly incorporated into the alpha-particle orbit simulation. The effect of the NI scattering on the energetic alpha-particles orbit and confinement in a magnetic fusion device is examined. It is shown that due to transition of the alpha-particle orbit by NI scattering, the fraction of the alpha-particles lost from the plasma during their slowing-down process to the initial generation decreases to a certain extent.


The paper presents a mathematical model of planning and organization of the educational process in the transition to university competency training, as well as to assess the readiness of the university to such a transition.


From a regional point of view, a dramatic politi cal change has taken place in Latin America dur ing the last ten years. The most visible manifes tation of this change is that , while in July 1979 on ly three of the Latin American mainland countries were ruled by elected civilian govern ments , by the end of 1989, fifteen out of the sev enteen nat ions had elected civilian governments . Only Chile and Panama are, at the time of writing (October 1989), directly ruled by non-elected military regimes, although Panama has a civilian marionet te as president. In the academic literature this political phe nomenon is given different names. While some analysts speak quite dramatically of the break down of military authoritarianism (Richards , 1986) or the democratization of Latin Amer ica (Drake & Silva, 1986), others are more cautios and call it a transition from authoritarian rule (O 'Donne l l , Schmitter & Whitehead, 1986) or a retreat of the generals (O'Brien & Cammack , 1985). Scholars who study the phenomenon from a historical perspective often emphasize the cycli cal political shifts between democracy and dicta torship in Latin American political history. T h e contemporary change, they suggest, fits within a historical pat tern and should, consequently, be called a redemocrat izat ion of the region (Remmer, 1985; Lopez & Stohl, 1987). One main reason why analysts do not agree on what to call the political change in the 1980s is, of course, disagreement about the definition of de mocracy. Nef (1986), for example, rejects the concept of democratization altogether and pre fers to define the contemporary phenomenon as " the modernizat ion of the status quo" . Conse quently, for Nef, the formal elections and civil governments have nothing to do with real democ racy, but are only means used by the Latin Amer ican power-holders to contain explosive social tensions. This essay is an at tempt to find an operationalization which is simple and useful for the system atic comparative research that is necessary in or der to decide to what degree it is justified to speak about Latin American democratization, redemocratization and authori tarianization. More precisely, the purpose of the article is to analyse the usefulness for empirical research of the Fitzgibbon-Johnson quinquennial measurement of Latin American political democracy. This analy sis will be made by comparing the F-J index with other measurements of Latin American political regimes, and by checking the sensitivity of the in dex to important political events and changes in Latin America during the period under study. The motive for the study is the conviction that the F-J index is the most e laborate effort at quantifi cation of Latin American political change, and, consequently, that it should be thoroughly scruti nized and tested by scholars who search for a good operationalization of their dependent var iable when they analyse political trends in Latin America.


The European Environmental Committment and Performance – the EU Contribution towards Sustainable Development 1.Development of EU SDS Following the Rio Earth Summit in 1992, the European Commission made a few attempts to foster the integration of environmental concerns into other policy fields. Environmental integration means making sure that environmental concerns are fully considered in the decisions and activities of other sectors. Since 1997, it is a requirement under the EC Treaty (Article 6) stating that "environmental protection requirements must be integrated into the definition and implementation of the Community policies in particular with a view to promoting sustainable development". In 1998, the various EPI activities at the EU level were consolidated in the so-called "Cardiff Process". The Cardiff European Council invited all relevant Ministerial Council formations to establish strategies for the integration of environmental concerns into their sectoral policies, starting with energy, agriculture and transport. The process was later extended to the sectors of industry, internal market and development, fisheries, general affairs and financial affairs (Vienna European Council 1998 and Cologne European Council 1999). The biggest success of the Cardiff Process was the promotion and related awareness-raising about the integration of the environmental dimension into the respective policies. The process of Cardiff has launched the initiative for linking the Internal Market with structural reforms which were expected to help the EU in overcoming the crisis. Table 1: Results of the Cardiff Process Assessment Environmental awareness Objectives & targets Measures & actions plans Indicator development Timeframes & follow-up Overall


The inability of end-users to predict performance and required area of membrane systems is a major problem in the commercial development of these systems in gas separation. Typically, information needed for such determinations has been available only from membrane manufacturers. Furthermore, getting performance projections has been time-consuming, frustrating, and more often then not, misleading since the projections may not consider the optimum configuration. However, evaluation of spiral-wound separation membranes can be made relatively easily using the material presented here.


ABSTRACT West Syndrome is one of the rare and severe childhood epilepsies, starting in the first year of life and having an uncertain etiology. Even if some of the symptoms are missing, a triad of them defines West Syndrome, including epileptic spasms, arrest or regression of psychomotor development, and hypsarrhythmia on interictal electroencephalography. The objective of this study was to obtain updated data on West Syndrome literature and report a clinical case of a patient with the medical diagnosis of this syndrome, with gastrostomy feed tube, and clinical pattern of spastic quadriplegia. Initial clinical examination showed prolonged retention of deciduous teeth, periodontal disease, poor oral hygiene, mouth breathing, deep palate, anterior open bite, tongue interposition between the dental arches, and low caries experience. Over 9 years the patient presented complications in their sistemicas conditions, with need for gastrostomy and many periods of hospitalization that determined periods of absence for the dental monitoring. Despite this, currently his oral health condition is good and stable. Dental care for people with disabilities should be developed, encouraged and continuously extended, in agreement with the constitutional principles of human dignity and the rights for health and equality.


In the present article, we have reported the acrylation, peroxide and permanganate treatments of sunn hemp cellulose fibers using acrylic acid, benzoyl peroxide and potassium permanganate, respectively. Effect of acrylic acid, benzoyl peroxide and potassium permanganate on surface morphology, thermal stability and crystalline behavior was studied. FTIR spectra showed an additional peak at 1733.63 cm−1 due to carboxylic group of acrylic acid, which confirms the acrylation of sunn hemp fibers. Acrylation results in enhanced thermal stability and crystallinity of fibers, whereas, peroxide and permanganate treatments result in decreased thermal stability and crystallinity of sunn hemp fibers.


An iterative method is developed for computing the scattered electric fields at the apertures of large perfectly conducting cavities. The field iterative method (FIM) uses Kirchhoff's approximation to initiate a two stage iterative process (i.e., the method of successive approximations), involving both the magnetic field integral equation and the electric field integral equation, to calculate the electric currents on the internal cavity walls and the electric fields across the aperture of the cavity. The technique combines the flexibility of the boundary-integral method with the speed necessary to efficiently analyze large scale cavity problems. The paper presents the general theory, and applies the technique to the problem of TE scattering from two-dimensional perfectly conducting cavities. >


Article Info Acoustic Parameters in Persian-Speaking Patients with Dysphonia Farhad Torabinenezhad1, Farzad Izadi2, Abbas Pourshahbaz*3, Mahmood Bijankhan4, Moharam Eslami5, Mohammad Rohani6, Mona Ebrahimipor7 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Speech & Language Pathology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Professor, Department of ENT, Hazrat Rasoul Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences University, Tehran, Iran 4. Professor, Department of Linguistics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran 5. Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran 6. Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, Hazrat Rasoul Medical Complex, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 7. Assistant Professor, Department of Speech Therapy, Social Welfare & Rehabilitation Sciences University, Tehran, Iran Background & Objectives: Studying voice acoustic parameters in vowel production is a crucial component of every standard voice evaluation. Voice Analysis is non-invasive. Nowadays, computerized Voice Analysis is growing rapidly. Therefore, understanding acoustic parameters in healthy and unhealthy individuals is more significant than before. This research is a step toward boosting our knowledge about voice acoustic parameters. The main purpose of this research is to study acoustic characteristics in dysphonic and healthy Iranian individuals. Methods: The current study was descriptive-analytic. Vowel Analysis was conducted through Praat software. Voices of 50 dysphonic patients and 50 healthy participants were evaluated. The acoustic parameters included average, standard deviation, and range of fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, the number and degree of voice breaks, and harmonic to noise ratio. Results: In all studied acoustic characteristics, patients' mean scores were higher than controls' mean scores, except for harmonic to noise ratio which was higher in the healthy individuals. Although, the number of voice breaks in healthy male and female population was zero, it was 1.8 in male patients and 4.4 in female patients (P<0.05). jitter and shimmer in patients were dramatically higher (P<0.05) than their amount in healthy controls; moreover, patients' fundamental frequency range (male: 54.6±59.0, female: 78.6±68.4) was extremely broader than individuals with normal voices (male: 9.7±4.1, female: 16.2±7.3). Conclusion: It was clarified that there are considerably significant differences in some acoustic features. These differences may be used as a foundation for diagnosis and intervention in dysphonic patients. This study illustrated that Acoustic Analysis can differentiate healthy individuals from patients. Hence, it can be used as a noninvasive, fast and accurate method.


While bushfires have long been a part of Australia's ecosystem, the 2019– 20 bushfires were an unprecedented event leading to 5.5 million hectares of land being affected in New South Wales (NSW) alone.1 This is approximately the same as the area burnt in the combined bushfire seasons of 1993– 94 and 2018– 19.2 Air pollution has been recognized as a risk factor for asthma development.3 An increase in emergency department visits and hospital admissions has been described in asthmatic children exposed to bushfire smoke.4 Bushfire smoke contains a complex range of gases and particles, including a particulate matter measuring less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) composition, carbon monoxide, ozone, methane, and nitrogen oxides which is different from the one emitted by fossil fuel combustion.5 The NSW Air Quality Monitoring Network reported that 74% of the spring and summer days in 2019– 20 met poor air quality standards according to the Air Quality Index.6 This study therefore aimed to determine the effects of bushfire smoke exposure during the 2019– 20 bushfire season on lung function in asthmatic children. Our study used routinely collected data from children with asthma who attended the John Hunter Children's Hospital outpatient childhood asthma clinic between January 2019 and April 2020. Data were collected from electronic medical records and clinical lung function databases from children aged 4 to 16 years of age, with a confirmed diagnosis of asthma seen by a Pediatric respiratory specialist. Only children with a valid spirometry meeting ATS/ERS standards during their clinical visit were included.7 Before the appointment, parents and patients were instructed not to take the following medications for the times indicated, unless they are breathless and need to use them: shortacting inhalers (Ventolin, Atrovent, Flixotide, Bricanyl, Asmol, Airomir, Epaq) for 8 h; and longacting inhalers (Symbicort, Seretide, Serevent, Spiriva, Oxis, Foradile) for 12 h. Data included demographic characteristics, lung function (spirometry and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide at a flow rate of 50 ml/s [FeNO50] if available), and symptom control in the past 4 weeks. Global Lung Initiative (GLI) reference equations were used to calculate spirometry measurements (FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio percent of predicted value [% predicted]). Bronchodilator reversibility was calculated after administration of inhaled rapidonset beta2 agonist bronchodilator (SABA).8 For first nation Australian children, the GLI 'Other/Mixed equation reference' was used for the data collection. PM2.5 exposure during the period was assessed for participants located within the Sydney Greater Metropolitan Region (GMR) study region in NSW, an area of approximately 1860 square kilometers. Daily 24h mean PM2.5 data from fixedsite government air quality monitoring stations within the study regions were measured9 and interpolated using an inverse distance weighting procedure to estimate daily PM2.5 exposure concentration for participant's residential location.10 Bushfire days were defined when three prerequisites were met: (1) the entire study region's 24h average of PM2.5 concentration exceeded the 95th percentile (based on the period 01/01/2010 to 31/12/2018 for the Sydney GMR), (2) visual confirmation of fire for that day or up to 3 days before or after via satellite imagery, and (3) interpolated PM2.5 reading for each participant's residential address also exceed the 95th percentile for the region, to control for spatial variability in the region.10 This approach has been successfully used to identify bushfiresmokeaffected study days in several previous epidemiological studies.10,11 Categorical measures were described using counts and percentages, while continuous measures were characterized using means with standard deviation (SD). Statistical significances were calculated using twotailed Mann– Whitney U test or Student's t test as appropriate and chisquare test if categorical. As this was a longitudinal study with different time points, we used mixed effect regression models with a random intercept to estimate the total effect of bushfirerelated smoke exposure on lung function of children. Outputs of fixed and random effects were calculated for the presence of bushfire smoke on the day of the test and for PM2.5 levels on the day of the lung function testing. Models were adjusted to account for differences found between the groups in the univariate analysis and to account for factors that usually can influence lung function, including sex, age, weight, height, being a first nation Australian, tobacco smoke exposure at home, and season. A specific sample size was not targeted; instead, a convenience sample was used. Statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 15 (Texas, USA). A pvalue of <.05 was considered statistically significant. This study was approved by the Hunter


The invention provides a multifunctional snow-removal, cleaning and watering trolley based on wifi control. The trolley has the functions of snow removal, ice removal, ground cleaning, ground watering and flower and tree watering outdoors. The trolley is characterized in that a combined type power head is adopted, manufacturing, adjusting and maintaining are easy, and cost is low; wifi control is adopted, and the trolley can be remotely controlled to operate; solar cell panels are used for collecting energy, the environment is protected, and energy is saved; the trolley is small in size and modularized, functions are customized, and the trolley can be used for all-year-round ground cleaning and maintaining at the areas of campuses, communities and the like. The protected rights and interests of the trolley comprise (1) the structure design that assembled type snow and ice removing and cleaning multifunctional spiral tool rests are arranged at intervals and blades and brushes are combined, (2) wifi control configuration, (3) the configuration and structure design of ground watering and flower and tree watering function modules, including a spiral lifting device structure, a water pump, sprayers and control configuration, and (4) configuration of an assembled type trolley body structure and an adapter.


Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) hydrolyze penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. Organisms with acquired MBLs emerged in the late 1980s in Japan and since the mid-1990s have been identified worldwide. They include numerous species, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa playing the major role. Of several MBL families, VIM and IMP types are the most prevalent, being coded by gene cassettes inside class 1 integrons (4, 14, 17).


Two tournaments T1 and T2 on the same vertex set X are said to be switching equivalent if X has a subset Y such that T2 arises from T1 by switching all arcs between Y and its complement XnY . The main result of this paper is a characterisation of the abstract nite groups which are full automorphism groups of switching classes of tournaments: they are those whose Sylow 2-subgroups are cyclic or dihedral. Moreover, if G is such a group, then there is a switching class C ,w ith Aut(C) = G, such that every subgroup ofG of odd order is the full automorphism group of some tournament in C. Unlike previous results of this type, we do not give an explicit construction, but only an existence proof. The proof follows as a special case of a result on the full automorphism group of randomG-invariant digraphs selected from a certain class of probability distributions. We also show that a permutation group G, acting on a set X ,i s contained in the automorphism group of some switching class of tournaments with vertex set X if and only if the Sylow 2-subgroups of


In the Tractatus, Wittgenstein makes use of a complicated system of numbering to indicate "the logical importance of the propositions." Comments on proposition n are numbered n.i, n.2, etc; comments on n.m are n.ml, n.m2, etc. This system has often been felt to be less of a help than a hindrance to the understanding of the Tractatus. In the words of an early review: "This would be very illuminating if it were not for two circumstances: first, that to follow the numbers is a constant distraction from the sense; and, secondly, that the writer himself sometimes gets mixed up." The reviewer, one Theodore de Laguna, provides an example: "Thus 4.0411 properly attaches to 4.04, not to 4.041." (Laguna, 1924, p. 104) The Tractatus is a difficult work, and the numbering of the propositions can be thoroughly distracting. However, this system was carefully thought out by Wittgenstein, as can be seen by comparing the preliminary version of it found in the Prototractatus with the final version. Careful attention to the ordering chosen by Wittgenstein can help to make clear his meaning. This essay will show this in the very case of the proposition cited by Laguna as an example of Wittgenstein's misuse of his numbers. 1 Here are the paragraphs in question:


On the basis of analyzing the characteristics of rock mass deformation and general rheological models,a new non linear viscous substance which is related to stress state and time is presented.When the stress is lower than its limit value,the deformation of the new nonlinear viscous substance will reach to the stable state as time going on,otherwise,the deformation will increase sharply.The new nonlinear viscous substance is applied to improve the function of the classical Maxwell model.A new visco-elasto-plastic constitutive model consisted of 5-components(VEP-5C model) is defined in series with the improved Maxwell model,the classical Kelvin model and the St.Venant plastic substance.The elastic component and the non-linear viscous component of the improved Maxwell model can simulate the instantaneous elastic deformation and visco-plastic deformation respectively.The Kelvin model and St.Venant component of VEP-5C model can represent the visco-elastic deformation and instantaneous plastic deformation respectively.Theoretical analysis and results of test indicate that the new 5-components visco-elasto-plastic constitutive model can fully describe the characteristics of rock mass deformation.The new model can also characterize the property that the rock mass rheological deformation will keep stable in lower stress state,while accelerating rheological deformation in stress exceeding its limit.


Shunt Active Filter generates the reference current that must be provided by the power filter to compensate harmonic currents demanded by the load. This paper presents different types of methods for real time regeneration of compensating current for harmonic mitigation. Several methods including instantaneous real and reactive power theory have been proposed for extracting the harmonic content. This paper presents a different modification based on the same principle and compares its performances with sinusoidal source and balanced load condition. The Modified SRF method called, in this paper, Filtered Modified Reference Frame Method, because it uses filters and is based on the modified reference frame method. The performance of Shunt Active Power Filter in terms of THD (Total Harmonic distortion) of voltage and current is achieved with in the IEEE 519 Standard. The comparison of all methods is based on the theoretical analysis and simulation results obtained with MATLAB/SIMULINK.


Many studies have been conducted on Bangladeshis' online shopping habits, but only some on students' attitudes. With the recent growth of online shopping worldwide and the unexplored potentiality in the country's northern region, this topic is worthy of deeper understanding. The main objective of this study is to have an in-depth knowledge of students' attitudes toward online shopping in Rajshahi city, Bangladesh. This study collected data from 87 randomly selected students from March 2022 to May 2022 from different educational institutions in the city. Various statistical tools, including mean, standard deviation, pie charts, column charts and Likert Scale, have been employed to examine the students' attitudes. The results of this study show that most students are proficient internet users, although they mostly use it for recreational purposes. However, 92% of them have shopped online at least once. Moreover, this study also revealed that the most frequently purchased products by the students are clothing (35%), books (30%) and electronic products (22%). The results from the Likert Scale analysis found that 36 students agree and 24 strongly agree that they are overall satisfied with their online shopping experience despite facing problems like late delivery and receiving damaged products. Therefore, the study's findings suggest that online retailers must focus on improving the marketing aspect of their business, ensuring the quality of their products and maintaining time flexibility throughout the delivery period.


This article proposes a power scalable beam-oriented digital predistortion (PSBO-DPD) architecture suitable for linearizing PAs in compact hybrid massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmitters, without the need to implement a dedicated observation path for each PA. Based on an assumption that all PAs are similar, the feedback configuration for only one PA is sufficient to acquire the nonlinear information of PAs in a given subarray, which are driven at different power levels due to amplitude beamforming. Therefore, the PSBO-DPD resolves the deficiency of current DPD techniques in hybrid beamforming array by estimating the output signal of each PA from the only captured output signal from one PA to construct the main beam signal of the subarray. The predistorter is identified based on the estimated main beam signal and the input signal driving the subarray. To estimate the outputs of each PA efficiently, a power scalable cascade PA model is proposed to reduce the computational complexity and associated overhead in terms of cost and energy consumption. Measurements on a 4-element antenna array with up to 100 MHz bandwidth signal are carried out to validate and bench mark the proposed PSBO-DPD against the existing DPD technique in hybrid massive MIMO transmitters.


. We show that every sufficiently large r -regular digraph G which has linear degree and is a robust outexpander has an approximate decomposition into edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles, i.e., G contains a set of r − o ( r ) edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles. Here G is a robust outexpander if for every set S which is not too small and not too large, the "robust" outneighborhood of S is a little larger than S . This generalizes a result of K¨uhn, Osthus, and Treglown on approximate Hamilton decompositions of dense regular oriented graphs. It also generalizes a result of Frieze and Krivelevich on approximate Hamilton decompositions of quasirandom (di)graphs. In turn, our result is used as a tool by K¨uhn and Osthus to prove that any sufficiently large r -regular digraph G which has linear degree and is a robust outexpander even has a Hamilton decomposition.


In this paper, we present a novel formulation of Approximate Simultaneous Diagonalization (ASD) with a nonconvex feasibility problem to find a structured low rank matrix whose building blocks are the Kronecker sums of given multiple matrices. To tackle this feasibility problem, we propose an alternating projection algorithm that can generate a matrix sequence approaching monotonically to a solution. By this algorithm, simultaneously diagonalizable matrices are obtained in the neighborhood of the given matrices which are not necessarily diagonalizable simultaneously. By using further the Diagonalize-One-then-Diagonalize-the-Other (DODO) method, we can obtain finally a common similarity transformation which diagonalizes the simultaneously diagonalizable matrices. Numerical experiments show that, compared with a Jacobi-like method, the proposed algorithm achieves a better approximation to the desired common similarity transformation.


Under conditions in which the dopaminergic neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was relatively ineffective, (2 injections per day at 6-hr intervals on 2 successive days; total dose of 0.45 mmoles/kg) a methylated analog of MPTP, namely 2'CH/sub 3/-MPTP, produced a marked depletion in the neostriatal content of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites, a corresponding reduction of /sup 3/H-DA uptake into neostriatal synaptosomes, and an extensive loss of neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. 2'CH/sub 3/-MPTP is oxidized in vitro by monoamine oxidase-B in brain mitochondrial preparations, although at a much faster rate than is MPTP. And like the MPTP metabolite (MPP/sup +/), 1-methyl-4-(2'methylphenyl)pyridinium (2'CH/sub 3/-MPP/sup +/) is an excellent substrate for the DA transport system (as evidenced by its ability to release previously accumulated /sup 3/H-DA from synaptosomes, and the ability of the dopamine uptake inhibitor, mazindol, to prevent this release). In vivo, the pretreatment of mice with DA uptake inhibitors or monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors attenuated the above-mentioned biochemical changes induced by 2'CH/sub 3/-MPTP. It appears as if 2'CH/sub 3/-MPTP produces neurotoxicity in a manner similar to MPTP. That 2'CH/sub 3/-MPTP is oxidized at a faster rate than MPTP likely contributes to the fact that it is more potentmore » than MPTP, although most certainly, other unknown considerations also are relevant.« less


A new type of precast CFST column to RC beam braced frame is proposed in this paper. A series of shake table tests were conducted to excite a one-third scale six-story model for investigating the global seismic performance of this type of structure against earthquake actions. Particular emphasis was given to its dynamic property, global seismic responses and failure path. Correspondingly, a numerical model built on the basis of fiberbeam-element model, multi-layer shell model and element-deactivation method was developed to simulate the seismic performance of the prototype structure. Numerical results were compared with the measured values from shake table tests to verify the validity and reliability of the numerical model. The results demonstrated that the proposed novel precast CFST column to RC beam braced frame performs excellently under strong earthquake excitations; the "strong CFST column-weak RC beam" and "strong connection-weak member" anti-seismic design principles can be easily achieved; the maximum deflections of precast CFSTC-RCB braced frame satisfied the deflection limitations proposed in national code; the numerical model can properly simulate the dynamic property and responses of the precast CFSTC-RCB braced frame that are highly concerned in engineering practice.


Bale Piyasan is one type of sacred building for the Hindu community, especially in Bali as an ancestral heritage that needs to be developed and preserved, so we need to know the background of the Bale Piyasan design and at the same time to know the historical and cultural values contained therein.  At the same time as a comparison between the opinions of the sources and the reality in accordance with the conditions in the field, case studies which have different characteristics are carried out, both in terms of function, layout and shape of the sacred building.  Based on this description, the purpose of this research is to find the meaning of the philosophy of the Bale Piyasan building, to find the process of self-reliance and physical, the rituals in constructing the Bale Piyasan and to determine the layout of the Bale Piyasan building as well.  This research is a comparative descriptive study, where physical and non-physical data are collected, both library and field data. From the results of the analysis and comparison, they are reviewed and concluded to obtain a recommendation.  There are 2 (two) types of data used in this study, namely primary data and
secondary data.  Primary data is obtained through (1) surveys and observations, namely making direct observations to objects and carrying out documentation, (2) interviews, which are conducted with people who are competent and can be trusted in this matter.  Secondary data includes literature studies conducted to find information about research through information sources such as books, reports, the internet.  From the results of literature and factual studies and analysis results, it can be concluded that Bale Piyasan is a rectangular elongated building with 4 (four) poles as a place to decorate or assemble symbols before being distributed to the sacred building and the place where the ceremony will be offered.  Bale Piyasan functions as a place to decorate or arrange symbols, such as Daksina Pelinggih or Arca. The layout of Bale Piyasan is on the west side facing south.  We can find Bale Piyasan in the innards of the temple.  The Bale Piyasan design uses elbows or traditional Balinese measurements. The establishment of Bale Piyasan must follow the processes and ceremonies in accordance with the rules of traditional Balinese architecture.


In the treatment of patients with lichen planus of the oral mucosa and identified papillomovirus infection, the appointment of an immunomodulatory drug with antiviral activity is of particular importance.Aim. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of antiviral and immunomodulatory drug inosine pranobex in the treatment of lichen planus of oral mucosa.Materials and methods. 49 patients with erosive-ulcerative form (37 women (75.5 %) and 12 men (24.4 %) aged 43 to 68 years, mean age 57.43 ± 2.53 years were under observation. The disease duration ranged from 6 months to 9 (5.58 ± 1.26) years.Results. Inosine pranobex, used in group Ib, showed high efficiency in the treatment of patients: the number of patients with high viral load decreased to zero, and the percentage of patients with clinically significant HPV decreased by half. Eradication of papillomavirus was recorded as a result of antiviral therapy in 11 (73.33 %) patients, while in group Ia such results were not achieved.Summary. According to the results of this study, it was found that for patients with lichen planus of oral mucosa with detected PVI, the appointment of an antiviral drug is necessary. This treatment is characterized by high efficiency and allows to increase the rate of epithelialization of pathological elements by almost 25 %, to achieve clinical remission and to stop the pain symptom faster, thereby improving the quality of life of patients.


Several studies have identified the presence of functionally depleted CD8+ T cells in COVID-19 patients, and particularly abnormally reduced CD8+ T cells in severe/critical patients, which may be a major cause of disease progression and poor prognosis. In this study, a proliferating-depleted CD8+ T cell phenotype was observed in severe/critical COVID-19 patients through scRNA-seq and scTCR-seq analysis. These CD8+ T cells were subsequently found to be characterized by cell cycle arrest and downregulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory chain complex genes. Cellchat analysis revealed that the Galectin signaling pathways between infected lung epithelial cells and CD8+ T cells play the key role in inducing CD8+ T cell reduction and dysfunction in severe/critical COVID-19. We used SARS-COV-2 ORF3a to transfect A549 epithelial cells, and co-cultured with CD8+ T cells. The ex vivo experiments confirmed that galectin-3 inhibited the transcription of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III/IV genes in CD8+ T cells by suppressing the nuclear translocation of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1). In addition, the regulatory effect of galectin-3 was correlated with the activation of ERK signaling and/or the inhibition of Akt signaling. Galectin-3 inhibitor, TD-139, promoted nuclear translocation of NRF1, and enhanced mitochondrial respiratory chain complex III/IV gene expression and mitochondrial biogenesis, then restore the expansion ability of CD8+ T cells. Our study improved the understanding the immunopathogenesis and provided new target for the prevention and treatment of severe/critical COVID-19.


Most of the Balinese digital calendar development begins with creating an engine, which becomes an inefficient development process. In this study, a reusable engine of the Balinese calendar was designed. This study used DSRM methodology to identify problems and produce an engine as the solution. The engine was a combination of Python and PLSQL, which makes it flexible to be customized and embedded. The engine has several algorithms to calculate Balinese calendars attributes ( wuku , dewa , wewaran from ekawara to dasawara , ingkel, jejepan, lintang, watek, urip or neptu, ekajala rsi, zodiak, pengalantaka, sasih and year of Saka Calendar, full moon or new moon) and adjusted with the Saka and Pawukon calendar system. The engine consists of a web service that served as data parser and a database to store the attributes. Results of the experiment showed that the engine was able to generate appropriate Balinese calendar attributes of one day up to one-month or one-year Gregorian calendar, compared to the other existing Balinese digital calendar.


Aceh is a province in Indonesia granted with a special authority to govern and manage its own government affairs. Among the special authorities is to include zakat into the locally-generated revenues. The provisions of zakat as locally-generated revenues are set out in Law No. 11 of 2006 on Aceh Government. The Baitul Maal is established by the Qanun to manage the zakat funds. The currently emerging issue is Article 10 of Governor Regulation No. 2015 stating that zakat can be distributed prior to the passage of APBA (Aceh local budget). The central issues are whether zakat can be distributed without passing through the APBA mechanism and what is the ideal arrangement for the zakat. The present study used the normative research method by utilizing secondary data supported by interviews. Results showed that the zakat funds could not be distributed prior to the approval of APBA since the officials in charge of it were reluctant to act accordingly.  Furthermore, zakat should ideally be regulated to be special  locally-generated revenues, rather than including it into the locally-generated revenues, in order not to delay its distribution.


A method for altering expression of a target gene in a plant cell, comprising introducing a sense RNA fragment of said target gene and an antisense RNA fragment of said target gene in a plant cell, wherein said sense RNA fragment and said antisense RNA fragment are capable of forming an RNA molecule double stranded.


Summary form only given. The wireless communication landscape continues to experience dramatic changes due to the emergence of new systems driven by the rapid growth in information services provided by the Internet and the appearance of new multimedia applications. These growing trends point towards huge market potential for universal high-speed wireless data access. To make this possible, continues technology evolution to provide higher and higher data rates for wireless communications is a necessity. Unfortunately, the road to wireless ubiquity remains covered with potholes and challenges. In particular, a number of competing wireless systems are at an important crossroad. For example, the evolution of cellular systems to 3G versus the emergence of short-range wireless systems such as Wi-Fi and possible longer range wider-fi networks. This talk examines the opportunities and challenges facing truly ubiquitous wireless services and examine the various competing technologies. We also consider 3G systems and introduce some of the leading technological advances that enable broadband and high-speed data capabilities in the next-generation wireless networks.


Received interpretation. As far as I have been able to determine, all scholars who have dealt with this fragment have followed Plutarch (to whom the preservation of the fragment is due) in holding (i) that and are synonyms for 'body' and 'void' respectively, and (ii) the purport of the pronouncement is simply that 'even void has a nature and substantiality of its own' (). But (i) is included in Aristotle's dictionary of Atomist jargon, while (ii) is put better in the celebrated Fragment 125 . In consequence, Fragment 156 has been deemed more curious than important. Despite the extreme scarcity of Democritean fragments other than moralizings, Kirk and Raven do not even print it. No doubt this assumed unimportance explains why it has not been noticed how unsatisfactory Plutarch's exegesis is.


Legal education focuses on case analysis, without instruction on practice with clients. Social workers argue the client, as the consumer of services, is the best source of knowledge when assessing needs. Therefore, the authors conducted a qualitative study of law students, as consumers of services, regarding whether law school prepares them for practice and what additional training they need. The responses indicate that law curricula do not prepare students for practice, and that students desire training in interviewing and human behavior. The respondents were enthusiastically receptive to interdisciplinary instruction. Therefore, the time is ripe for social work and law schools to further explore interdisciplinary collaborations, which will ultimately result in better served clients.


A dual-wideband MIMO antenna for WLAN/WiFi/WiMAX services is presented. This design comprises of two radiating G-shaped slotted patch antennas placed symmetrically. The isolation is enhanced by introducing a neutralization line and a defected ground plane. The impedance bandwidth is improved by adding a stub in the feeding line. The size of the overall antenna is 35 × 35 × 1.026 mm. The antenna impedance bandwidth is 12.34% between 2.28–2.58 GHz and 68.49% between 3.00–5.88 GHz; the S11 is improved to be less than -10 dB and the isolation is greater than -12 dB. The performance characteristics of the present MIMO design are examined in terms of the S-parameters, envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), capacity loss, channel capacity, total active reflection coefficient (TARC), radiation patterns and power gains. Finally, the results of such investigations confirm that this design is suitable for WLAN and WiMAX systems. Indexing Terms: MIMO antenna, ECC, TARC, WLAN, WiMAX.


The subjective theory teaches that religion originates with man. Humans have a psychological need for a transcendent being that provides meaning and hope to their existence in this vast impersonal universe. Adherents of this view believe that this religious makeup exists below our conscious awareness. Cultures have various views of reality according to their experience, but the awareness and desire for religion is a universal phenomenon. They therefore conclude that this disposition lies in our subconscious. In other words, our beliefs about a transcendent being are not the result of external realities or interactions with such a being. Rather, these beliefs derive from our psyches.


In-plane microresonators consisting of an ${\mathrm{Al}}_{x}{\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}\mathrm{As}$ heterostructure waveguide and deep etched cylindrical trenches give both out-of-plane and lateral-light confinement. The air trenches, acting as a Bragg reflector also allow diffraction into air, so that the far-field pattern reveals interesting information on the resonant cavity modes. By the use of a two-dimensional cylindrical model and a transfer-matrix method based on Hankel functions, the energy and angular dependences of the diffracted field are calculated and successfully compared to measurements.


Over the past decade, China has invested heavily in Central Asian energy sources and pipelines, on the grounds that an overland energy supply from friendly, stable authoritarian countries would be more secure than continued reliance on a maritime energy supply. This paper argues that this strategy rests on false assumptions, and that China's investment in and growing dependence on Central Asian energy imports is not safer than the alternative. This is largely due to the various governance failures in the five Central Asian states, which create regime instability, succession risk, corruption, labour tensions and intraregional energy conflict. Furthermore, the fact that the Chinese oil and gas pipeline network traverses all five Central Asian countries means that unrest and conflict in any one country can disrupt China's energy supply from the entire region. These threaten China's energy supply in Central Asia by undermining the supposed foundation of China's energy strategy in the region, namely the friendliness and stability of the local regimes and the supply security provided by overland transport routes. Furthermore, China's economic, diplomatic and legal initiatives to mitigate these governance risks are unlikely to succeed in doing so. Not only do such initiatives presume the continued survival and pro-China attitudes of the Central Asian regimes, they also focus on alleviating the consequences of underlying governance failures in Central Asia rather than addressing the corruption, authoritarianism and other problems which constitute the principal threat to China's energy strategy in the region.


In this communication, we introduce a novel biomarker of aquatic contamination based on the xenobiotic-induced response of the hepatic coenzyme Q (CoQ) redox balance of fishes to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The method is demonstrated by comparing changes in the liver CoQ redox balance with that measured using the CYP1A-based, 7-ethoxyresofurin-O-deethylase activity assay, on administration of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and β-naphthoflavone (BNF) to Barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Both assays showed comparable dose-dependent effects in fish treated with BaP or BNF. Perturbation in the constitutive hepatic CoQ redox balance of fishes may thus provide a simple biomarker of aquatic PAH contamination.


A new method for determining the ray path of multiple diffractions is presented. The method is based on the Keller's law of diffraction derived from Fermat's least-time principle: the incident angle is equal to the diffraction angle at a diffraction point. Furthermore, the number of nonlinear equations to be solved is reduced to about half of the conventional method. Because of this, the number of iterations of Newton's method is also reduced. Finally, an appropriate initial guessing technique is adopted to guarantee the convergence and efficiency of the Newton's method. Our approach has the potential of speeding up the radio propagation modeling in urban and ridged mountain area.


— This study aimed at determining the teacher assessment literacy of elementary school teachers in Buleleng Regency. It was a descriptive study with the sample of 144 elementary school teachers selected by using multistage random sampling technique. The data were collected by using questionnaire and interview guide. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics to classify the assessment literacy of the teachers and two independent-sample t-test to find out the difference between lower-grade and higher-grade elementary school teachers. The results showed that in general, the assessment literacy of the teachers was categorized "fair", and there was no significant difference of classroom assessment literacy between teachers who taught students from upper classes (grade 4,5, and 6) and lower classes (grade 1,2, and 3) with df=142, t=0.852, p>0.05.


The immediate efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy was assessed for 58 patients with stage IIB-IIIB uterine cervical cancer using ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. The patients were administered with the following combination of cytostatic drugs: paclitaxel or paclitaxel plus cisplatin or carboplatin. After completion of the first course of chemotherapy, tumor regression was achieved in 34.5 % of cases and stable disease was observed in 65.5 % of cases. After two courses of chemotherapy, 48.3 % of patients had achieved tumor regression and 51.7 % of patients had stable disease. Reduction in the uterine cervical mass by 40-50 % after two treatment courses indicated the tumor response to chemotherapy. Reduction in the tumor mass by less than 30 % was assessed as a low efficacy of chemotherapy (p


Crown rust, caused by Puccinia coronata, is the major fungal disease of oat. Resistance to crown rust is usually, but not always, controlled by single dominant genes in hexaploid oat (Avena spp.). Hexaploid oat lines A. byzantina cv. Kanota and A. sativa cv. Ogle were found to differ in their responses to the two crown rust isolates, PC54 and PC59. Seventy recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between these two lines were examined. Analysis of rust infection type data indicates that resistance to both of these isolates is due to multiple loci, with major effects exerted by two loci located on linkage groups 4 and 13 of the molecular map developed from this cross. Additionally, resistance to the two isolates could not be separated unequivocally and so resistance to both isolates is apparently influenced by each of the two loci identified. These results corroborate the growing evidence that the two homoeologous groups containing linkage groups 4 and 13 contain many disease resistance genes.


The global optimization trends of protective honeycomb structural designs for spacecraft subject to hypervelocity meteroid and space debris are presented. This nonlinear problem is first formulated for weight minimization of the orbital maneuvering vehicle (OMV) using a generic monomial predictor. Five problem formulations are considered, each dependent on the selection of independent design variables. Each case is optimized by considering the dual geometric programming problem. The dual variables are solved for in terms of the generic estimated exponents of the monomial predictor. The primal variables are then solved for by conversion. Finally, parametric design trends are developed for ranges of the estimated regression parameters. Results specify nonmonotonic relationships for the optimal first and second sheet mass per unit areas in terms of the estimated exponents.


Abstract The present paper reviews the widely used surface microstructural investigation technique and micro/nano nondestructive evaluation(NDE) technique which is able to evaluate the surface and subsurface. In general, the micro/nano defects and microstructural state of surface have great influence on the mechanical, physical, and chemical properties of bulk materials. The investigation technique of surface microstructure is possible to evaluate the defects and microstructural state with high reliability. The various applications and developments of each inspection technique have been introduced. Consequently, it is thought that the technique developments and applications of micro/nano NDE in nondestructive industries are extensively possible hereafter. Keywords: Micro and Nano, Nondestructive Evaluation, Surface, Subsurface, Microstructure[해설논문] - 비파괴검사학회지 Journal of the Korean Societyfor Nondestructive TestingVol. 32, No. 2 (2012. 4) [접수일: 2012. 3. 2, 수정일: 2012. 4. 3, 게재확정일: 2012. 4. 13] *서울과학기술대학교 기계공학과, ✝Corresponding Author: Mechanical engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 139-743, Korea (E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com)


Submarine sand waves are a widespread bed-form in tidal environment. Submarine sand waves induce current convergence and divergence that affect sea surface roughness thus become visible in sun glitter images. These sun glitter images have been employed for mapping sand wave topography. However, there are lots of effect factors in sun glitter imaging of the submarine sand waves, such as the imaging geometry and dynamic environment condition. In this paper, several sun glitter images from HJ-1A/B in the Taiwan Banks are selected. These satellite sun glitter images are used to discuss sun glitter imaging characteristics in different sensor parameters and dynamic environment condition. To interpret the imaging characteristics, calculating the sun glitter radiance and analyzing its spatial characteristics of the sand wave in different images is the best way. In this study, a simulated model based on sun glitter radiation transmission is adopted to certify the imaging analysis in further. Some results are drawn based on the study. Firstly, the sun glitter radiation is mainly determined by sensor view angle. Second, the current is another key factor for the sun glitter. The opposite current direction will cause exchanging of bright stripes and dark stripes. Third, brightness reversal would happen at the critical angle. Therefore, when using sun glitter image to obtain depth inversion, one is advised to take advantage of image properties of sand waves and to pay attention to key dynamic environment condition and brightness reversal.


Assuming that otherness is a universal phenomenon and that all groups construct categories in order to classify themselves and the others, this article presents a reflection on the singular experience of student migration in Brazil from a relational perspective that seeks to analyze the perceptions and identity configurations of these students in their relationship with the local population, who classifies them as Africans. The data analyzed in this work allows for a reflection on the presence of African university students in Brazil, in general, and in the state of Porto Alegre, in particular, from a triple identity: national identity, continental identity, and racial identity.


In order to investigate variations of spatial distributions of cracks observed on the unnotched specimen surface during the fatigue process, plane bending fatigue tests were performed on carbon steel JIS, SS 41 in laboratory air and a sodium chloride aqueous solution. Two methods, developed by Morishita and Ono in the field of mathematical ecology, were used in analyzing the spatial distributions of Cracks. The following results were obtained. The spatial distributions of cracks are influenced by both stress amplitude and stress cycling. In the high stress amplitude region, the distributions are nearly random, while in the low stress amplitude region, the distributions have clumps indicating nonrandom distribution. This result was common to both fatigue in air and corrosion fatigue. With increasing stress cycling, the spatial distributions of cracks approach random distributions in the high stress amplitude region, while in the low stress amplitude region, the distributions show a strong tendency to have two kinds of clumps whose sizes are 1/4 mm2 and 8 mm2.


Recent lab results show that oxygen evolves from superoxide-coated mineral grains upon exposure to water vapor. This observation is additional support of the hypothesis that UV-generated O2 is responsible for the reactivity of the martian soil. Discussion of current NASA research opportunities, status of various programs within the Solar System Exploration Division, and employment opportunities within NASA Headquarters to support these programs. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.


Atmospheric aerosols play an important role in the adverse environmental and health effects of air pollution. Nitrate as a major component of fine aerosol fraction has received growing interest due to significant contribution to visibility reduction and climate change. In the atmosphere particulate nitrate exists in equilibrium with nitric acid (HNO3) that is the end oxidative product of nitrogen oxides. Nitrous acid (HONO) is a predominant morning source of OH radicals in the troposphere. Ozone serves as an indicator of photochemical smog pollution. Simultaneous measurement of gaseous nitric and nitrous acid and particulate nitrate is thus important for understanding their contribution to wet and dry deposition, visibility reduction and especially NOx photochemistry. The measurement of nitric and nitrous acid and particulate nitrate is usually performed by filter pack and solid sorbent coated diffusion denuder. These methods have poor time resolution and are subject to many artifacts resulting in overor underestimation of the true concentration. Therefore, measurement of pollutants occurring both in gaseous and particulate phases requires insitu and on-line methods with high time resolution and capability to discriminate pollutant in gaseous and particulate phases. We present the simultaneous real-time measurement of particulate nitrate, nitric acid, nitrous acid, nitrogen dioxide and ozone. The used instrumentation allows continuous sampling and on-line analysis of studied pollutants combining wet effluent diffusion denuder, aerosol collector and chemiluminescent monitors. Atmospheric aerosols were sampled continuously by an Aerosol counter-flow two jets unit (ACTJU) operated on the principle of Venturi scrubber (Mikuška & Večeřa, 2005). The collector effluent was on-line analysed for particulate nitrate content by means of continuous flow analytical system with chemiluminescent (CL) detection. Nitrous and nitric acid were continuously collected by a deionized water in a cylindrical wet effluent diffusion denuder (CWEDD). The water concentrate leaving the denuder was on-line analysed for nitrous acid and nitric acid content by a continuous flow analytical system (Mikuška & Večeřa, 2003). Nitrogen dioxide and ozone were continuously determined with the monitors based on the heterogeneous CL reaction of NO2 with an alkaline solution of luminol (Mikuška & Večeřa, 1992) or reaction of O3 with gallic acid and eosin Y, respectively (Mikuška & Večeřa, 1998). Application of fast and sensitive flow chemiluminescent systems for on-line detection of collected nitrous and nitric acid as well as particulate nitrate allows continuous operation with high time resolution of 1 s for all these compounds. To eliminate positive artifacts from atmospheric water-soluble gases the ACTJU is coupled with an annular diffusion denuder (Mikuška et al., 2003) placed upstream of the ACTJU. Deionized water in the ACTJU collects both aerosols and their dissociation products (NH4NO3 for example) eliminating thus negative sampling artifacts. Consequently, the combination of the annular denuder and the ACTJU provides artifact-free sampling of atmospheric aerosols. Collection of nitric and nitrous acid in the CWEDD eliminates artifacts known from conventional denuder techniques. The combination of the ACTJU, CWEDD and NO2 monitor has been tested for the long-term analysis of chemical composition of urban air in the city of Brno during 3 August – 14 September 2006. Experimental results as well as correlations between these pollutants and humidity and temperature will be presented.


The achievements made after the opening and reform in Zhejiang Province is mainly discussed in this paper, which analyzes the great influence of Deng Xiaoping's Theory of government administration on economic development in Zhejiang Province from four aspects as follows: "the limited government function" orientation, "the initiation and innovation" orientation, "the placing human at primary consideration" orientation, and "the government for the people" orientation.


A simple and rapid procedure for the preparation of inactivated virus vaccine is described using β-propiolactone (BPL), an agent not previously employed in the preparation of vaccines. β-propiolactone is capable of inactivating viruses in 10–15 minutes at 37°C whereas formalin and phenol require days for the same degree of inactivation under parallel conditions. Satisfactory inactivated vaccines can be prepared with eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, rabies virus and MM-virus with the use of BPL. A significantly higher degree of antigenicity is demonstrated with β-propiolactone-inactivated virus vaccines than with formalin- and phenol-inactivated virus vaccines. Two to four times the minimal effective viricidal concentration of BPL can be used in the preparation of virus vaccines without critical loss in antigenicity.


Abstract The preliminary results of an evaluation of a systematic assertiveness training programme (based on a cognitive-behavioural approach) in psychiatric care in Hungary are presented. The method adopted was specific to the Hungarian/Middle-European circumstances since people had difficulty in exercising their personal rights in the past. In groups of "neurotic" patients and comparison subjects three questionnaires (the Rathus-scale (R), the Assertiveness Inventory (AI) and the Uncertainty Questionnaire (UQ)) were administered at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. The training programme consisted of eight sessions with an emphasis on education about assertiveness and on the practice of skills such as saying "no" or standing up for oneself. A statistical analysis indicated significant improvement in the social skills of the participants, while an item analysis showed high internal consistency in all three questionnaires, and a concurrent validity analysis revealed a strong correlation betwe...


ABSTRACT Aim: Liver MRI is increasingly used to evaluate potentially resectable colorectal liver metastases (CLM). Benefits include: identifying additional CLM, clarifying the nature of equivocal lesions and acquiring greater anatomical detail. This information has the potential to spare patients from futile surgery, or conversely ensure that all sites of CLM are resected. We evaluated local use of liver MRI and impact on patient management. Methods: We retrospectively identified patients who had MRI for potential CLM between Jan 1 2009 and June 30 2012 and/or resection of CLM between Jan 1 2009 and Dec 31 2012 at Eastern Health and Epworth Eastern, Box Hill, Melbourne, Australia. Histories were audited for staging investigations (CT, PET, MRI, US), details of the primary tumour (synchronous vs metachronous, histology) and use of chemotherapy. Reasons for not proceeding to liver surgery were recorded, including influence of MRI results. For patients undergoing surgery, MRI findings were correlated with operative/histology findings. Results: Ninety-nine patients were identified with potential CLM, 74 had pre-operative liver MRI. Liver MRI excluded CLM in 8/74 (11%) patients and deemed 18/74 (24%) to be inoperable. Ten patients declined or had comorbidities that contra-indicated surgery. Of the 62 patients who proceeded to surgery, 37/62 (60%) had had pre-operative liver MRI. Five patients did not proceed to liver resection (4 had irresectable disease at laparotomy, 1 had no identifiable lesion after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy). Fifty-seven patients proceeded to liver resection. Forty-seven percent had received pre-operative chemotherapy. On histology, 53 had residual CLM and 3 a pathological complete response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. One patient had non-Hodgkin lymphoma rather than CLM. Conclusions: Liver MRI is a useful tool in the evaluation of potential CLM. In this cohort, 35% of the subset of patients who had pre-operative liver MRI did not proceed to surgery based purely on MRI findings. Disclosure: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


Using a new methodological approach, called epiconography, the present paper examines the most significant monuments produced in Rome during the Gregorian reform: the mosaics of S. Clemente and S. Maria in Trastevere. This approach situates the works in the historical and cultural contexts of their production and attempts to resolve the divide between "visible" and "legible", figure and text, which has been present for so long in art-historical studies. The two mosaics are exemplars of a practice of "visual composition" that followed the rules of medieval rhetoric in order to emphasize an ecclesiastical message. This strategy was typical during the Gregorian reform since S. Clemente was composed under the direct influence of the initial ideals that gave impetus to this ecclesiastical reform, while S. Maria in Trastevere constitutes the apex of "Gregorian art", showing the triumph of the Reformed Church. In both mosaics, the scripts guide the viewer by the type of letters used, the placing of texts and images, and their colors, depending on the position of the viewer in the architectural space of the church. Gregorian art demonstrates how traditional models of decoration are reinterpreted to create new schemata, closer to the contemporary message of the Church. Reformers created a visual rhetoric based on the display of closely connected scripts and images, which systematized knowledge for the benefit of the beholder.


In this pilot study, exposure to airborne microorganisms in solid recovered fuel (SRF) plants has been measured. Different steps in SRF production processes such as separation and size reduction can cause generation of airborne microorganisms. Exposure to these biological agents can cause some health problems, so their levels should be measured to assess the potential risks. Therefore, exposure to airborne total bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were measured in the running SRF plant. Sample locations were chosen considering work areas and wind direction in the plant. Airborne microorganisms were collected via AES Sampl air Lite on particular agar plates and incubated for microorganism growth. No thermophilic actinomycetes were obtained from the samples. The measured concentrations of mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria were almost similar at each point throughout the SRF plant (ranged from 920 to 1750 CFU/m ) except the spare waste stock area (427 CFU/m ) and the monitoring room (ranged from 420 to 770 CFU/m3). The highest concentrations were measured near the preshredder (1750 CFU/m ) and in the manual sorting unit (1610 CFU/m ). However, the concentrations of Gram-negative bacteria varied at each point (28 to 700 CFU/m ). Fungi concentrations varied from 280 to 1750 CFU/m and were high near the sorting unit, the ballistic separator, the fine shredder, the end-product stock area and the monitoring room (1750 CFU/m ). The concentrations of mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi did not exceed the recommended limit values.


Since 2006, the Tax Court, District Courts, and Circuit Courts have collectively issued more than one-hundred opinions relating to the federal charitable income tax deduction for the donation of perpetual conservation easements. This outline discusses these court decisions and other developments in the conservation easement donation context.


The paper gives an overview of the new features of web technologies. The general idea of the new version of HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language ), i.e. HTML5, and other tools presented in this pa per is the formal specification and the establishment of uniform solu ti ns for technologies and functionalities which ha ve already been in use through various hacks and plug-ins prop osed by web developers. Many of these functionaliti es will now be implemented in browsers. The applications can ac cess these functionalities through newly defined ap plication programming interfaces. The latter include support for multimedia, dynamic graphic rendering, geolocat ion, multithreading, local data storage etc. HTML5 also int roduces semantic markup, which can be used for mark ing the document structure as well as its elements and data . The new version of HTML enforces strict separatio n of the page content from its style. The styling can only b e done using CSS ( Cascading Style Sheets ) language. The new CSS version, i.e. CSS3, has a modular structure, in w h ch different modules define different styling fea tures. The development cycles of the individual modules are in dependent as well as their support and implementati o in various browsers.


ABSTRACT Spotlight events have significant political, social, or cultural importance, draw large numbers of visitors, and attract a significant amount of national or international media coverage. These events offer unique opportunities for tourism promotion. This case study examines how Philadelphia used media relations during the 2000 Republican National Convention to manage its issues and image for both national and regional audiences. Through a combination of participant observation, examination of the convention host committee's official documents and reports, and an analysis of media coverage, the author found that the media covered both event management issues and place issues, positioning Philadelphia as an attractive travel destination.


Abstract Protein obtained from human erythrocytes, some rat tissues, bakers' yeast, and Escherichia coli was incubated for 15 sec with 5 µm AT32P and then inactivated by alkali. Excess AT32P was removed by chromatography on Sephadex G-50. In all cases the protein was shown to bind 32P-phosphate with acid-labile linkages. When the inactivated 32P-labeled protein was chromatographed on Sephadex G-200, two radioactive peaks (Peaks I and II) were generally obtained. On alkaline hydrolysis and paper electrophoresis of material from Peak I, 3-32P-phosphohistidine was shown to be the main labeled degradation product in all cases but that of bakers' yeast. An alkaline hydrolysate of material of Peak II from rat liver was previously shown to contain 1-32P-phosphohistidine, 3-32P-phosphohistidine, and N-e-32P-phospholysine. However, the main part of the radioactivity of the hydrolysate was obtained as two unidentified fractions (probably N-phosphopeptides). The same degradation products were recently recovered from AT32P-incubated bovine liver and erythrocytic nucleoside diphosphate kinase. It is shown in this paper that alkaline hydrolysates of material of Peak II from all mammalian tissues investigated contained these degradation products, as judged by paper electrophoresis. Therefore, since Peak II was eluted in the same position in all chromatograms, it seems probable that Peak II from the mammalian tissues represents phosphorylated nucleoside diphosphate kinase. On alkaline hydrolysis of material of Peak II from bakers' yeast and E. coli, 1-32P-phosphohistidine was present as the main phosphorylated component. It is suggested that Peak II of these microbial sources may represent a nucleoside diphosphate kinase with a structure at the active site different from that of mammalian origin.


Let L be the infinitesimal generator of an analytic semigroup on L2(Rn) with Gaussian kernel bounds,and let L-α/2 be the fractional integrals of L for 0αn.Let m be a natural number,and bi be BMO functions on Rn for i=1,2,…,m,we obtain that multilinear commutators generated by fractional integrals and bi for i=1,2,…,m are bounded from Lp(Rn) to Lq(Rn),for 1pn/α,1/q=1/p-α/n.


ccreditation and Designation Statement he American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) is ccredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical ducation (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for hysicians. The American College of Cardiology designates the educational ctivities in JACC for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 redit. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the xtent of their participation in the activity.


Anechoic chambers used for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) measurements above 1 GHz are qualified based on the site voltage standing wave ratio (SVSWR) method as per the international standard CISPR 16-1-4. With one antenna at the fixed position, some distance away from the quiet zone (QZ), the SVSWR is acquired by moving a dipole-like antenna along several linear paths that are located at the edge of the QZ. To reduce test burden, the SVSWR method under-samples the measurement by design, in that only six discrete points along each 40 cm linear travel path are measured. As a result, the test results are generally overly optimistic. In this article, we propose to use a novel cylindrical mode coefficient (CMC)-based frequency domain mode filtering techniques to obtain the VSWR. Here, we measure the vector pattern cut of the dipole-like test antenna with an offset placement at the outer edge of QZ. The antenna is then mathematically translated to the rotation center, whereupon a bandpass filter that tightly encloses the test antenna mode spectrum is applied. Two approaches are studied herein for translating the rotation center. One is by applying a path length correction to both magnitude and phase, and the other is by performing a cylindrical far-field transformation on the quasi-far-field data. The difference between the mode filtered antenna pattern and the original perturbed pattern is used to derive the chamber SVSWR. In contrast to the conventional technique, the proposed, novel method does not suffer from positional under-sampling, so it is well-placed to be applied at microwave frequencies and above.


In France, for at least 20 years, the Ministry of Education has been actively supporting the integration of computer technologies into secondary mathematics teaching. Nevertheless, integration remains up to now a marginal phenomenon. Such resistance from the educational system, which is not a French particularity, is a matter of concern for didactic research and obliges us to question the research paradigms we have been using when investigating in that area. In this text, I would like to introduce and discuss some work developed by French didactic research in order to deal with these challenging issues. Firstly, I will briefly review the current state of integration of computer technologies in secondary mathematics teaching in France, and articulate some hypotheses about possible sources for the observed resistance. I will then introduce the theoretical framework we have developed in order to approach the institutional and instrumental issues that seem to play a crucial role in integration, according to these hypotheses. Finally, I will focus on a national research project involving the TI92 calculator carried out within this theoretical perspective and present its main outcomes as regards instrumentation processes. I. The current state of integration of computer technologies The current state of integration is characterised by an evident discrepancy between official discourse and reality, and by a very poor return on the many institutional and political incentives. Let us mention some of these. Since 1980, the rational use of calculators is an explicit aim of the secondary mathematics curriculum and, some years ago, graphic calculators became compulsory at high school level. Every type of calculator, including symbolic calculators, is allowed in national and regional secondary mathematics examinations. As regards computers, the use of spreadsheets, dynamic geometrical software and, to a lesser extent, computer algebraic systems (CAS in the following), is explicitly integrated into the syllabus. A system of specific licences was developed, many years ago, in order to allow schools to buy selected software at a very reduced rate. The Ministry of Education supports innovative and research projects and finances the production of software which is then freely distributed to schools. It also supports the diffusion of innovative designs and research results through web sites, books, regional centres for computer resources, teacher training sessions during working time, summer schools... However, in spite of these actions, the integration of computer technologies remains marginal at secondary level. At a time when great emphasis is put on new technologies such as Internet, calculators that have been introduced into the educational system more than 20 years ago are not yet fully integrated. Some recent surveys show that no more than 20% of secondary mathematics teachers fully integrate calculators into their teaching practices, thus helping students to develop the competencies necessary for their effective use. Calculators are allowed


Real-time systems usually face stringent constraints such as execution time, energy consumption, code-size, etc. Performing multi-objective optimization at compile time is one way to find approximations over the possible solutions which fulfill these constraints. Flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is a relatively recently proposed metaheuristic algorithm which makes use of the evolutionary characteristics of flower pollination process to find solutions to an optimization problem. In this paper, we propose a theoretical framework for an extension for the WCET-A ware C Compiler (WCC) framework [2] for performing multi-objective optimizations based on the FPA during compile time.


The evaluation and the distribution of bonuses of experimental technicians in our university is in accordance with the principles of "more pay for more work and distribution according to work". It proves to be practical and effective. The implementation of this plan is favorable for releasing the initiative of the experimentalists and improving the teaching quality.


Deep generative latent variable models have recently gained significant interest due to development of efficient and scalable variational inference methods. Variational methods invole maximization of the lower bound on the log-likelihood. However, until recently, directed latent variable model were difficult to train on large datasets. In this work, we provide an overview of several recent methods that have been developed for performing stochastic variational inference on large datasets. We provide an overview of theoretical and experimental results for providing a benchmark comparison of the variational inference methods based on feedforward neural networks. All of the approaches in comparison considers maximizing the variational lower bound by jointly training the model and the inference network. The methods in comparison are all applied on the MNIST dataset as a benchmark comparison. We implemented our own approach to the Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes algorithm (Kingma & Welling, 2013), and compared it with other approaches. Our experimental results show the significance of the different variance reduction techniques for the gradient estimator of the lower bound of the log likelihood. Submitted as part of the Advanced Machine Learning coursework 2015/16, MPhil Machine Learning, Speech and Language Technology


Objective
To study the clinicopathological type, histogenesis and differential diagnosis of carcinoma of the neck showing thymus-like elements (CASTLE) .

Methods
With clinical and pathological data of benign and malignant thymus-like differentiation of thyroid cancer cases occur in the soft tissues of the neck, thyroid tissue, immunohistochemical detection applications, combined with literature data, analysis of benign and malignant thymus-like differentiation of thyroid cancer clinical pathological type relationship with histopathological diagnosis.

Results
Three cases of thymuslike differentiation of thyroid cancer, thyroid tissue, respectively, outside. The clinical symptoms of anterior neck mass, hoarseness. Tumor size, for example 1: 4.0 cm×2.5 cm×1.5 cm, capsule, solid, encapsulated. Example 2: 1.0 cm×1.0 cm×0.8 cm, less clear boundaries. Example 3: 7.0 cm×5.0 cm×4.5 cm, gray cut fish-like. Microscopy: benign thymus-like organization performance cyst-like structures, see remnants of branchial sac blastocyst-like tissue between the wall, the thymus like tissue and papillary hyperplasia tissue, the shape of tiny thyroid papillary cancer. Island shape vicious thymus-like tissue in the thyroid gland, nested distribution, inter-island fiber separated tumor cells spindle, fit, the part see see thymuslike structures, interstitial infiltration of lymphocytes, the shape of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Part of the vicious thymuslike tissue invasive growth inside and outside the thyroid tissue, the shape of the thyroid squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry: CD5, CD117, CK19,TTF-1 positive, P63, CK18, CK7, CK, Syn, some positive, CEA, the EMA, the Tg, S-100, CgA, Vim, negative, Ki67 (<5%) .

Conclusions
Thymus-like differentiation of thyroid cancer, a class can occur in the thyroid tissue, can be seen in the extrathyroidal soft tissue around the rare, the morphological features of mediastinal thymic carcinoma of thyroid malignancies. Histological structure more performance for thyroid squamous cell carcinoma, medullary thyroid carcinoma and thyroid carcinoma lymph on. Thymic cyst structure for a small part of the morphological appearance of the tumor tissue, accompanied by a small papillary structures, the shape of the thyroid micro papillary carcinoma, tumor adjacent tissues visible remnants of thymuslike tissue and the branchial cleft blastocystlike tissue, mostly relicts of these organizations, the epitheliallike tissue differentiation and the formation of papillary structures, and then developed into a "tiny thyroid papillary carcinoma. May be suggestive of a "thymus-like differentiation of thyroid micro papillary carcinoma". Binding site, histopathological features, immunohistochemical CD5, CD117, TTF-1, CK19 detection useful in differential diagnosis.

Key words:
Neck thyroid thymuslike tissue differentiation; Clinicopathological type; Immunohistochemistry; Differential diagnosis


A scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) is used to directly map the propagation of light in a specially designed 50/50 photonic crystal (PC) Y-splitter fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. SNOM images are obtained for TE- and TM-polarized light in the wavelength range 1425–1570 nm. The recorded intensity distributions exhibit highly wavelength (and polarization) dependent intensity variations along the propagation direction, especially around the fork and bend regions. By comparing the SNOM images recorded in and after the PC Y-splitter area, the features of light distribution are analysed for both polarizations. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Focus of pest management research in lac production system has been on predators and parasites of lac insect, however increasing incidence of pod fly (Melanagromyza obtusa) in Flemingia semialata hinders seed production and require more attention on its management. Field evaluation of ten insecticides was carried out to find out their relative performance against this fly for seed protection in F. semialata at research farm of ICAR-Indian Institute of Natural Resins and Gums, Ranchi for two consecutive seasons under rainfed conditions. Per cent pod damage and % loss in number of viable seeds were estimated to be 96.8 and 89.6, respectively in unprotected crop. Emamectin benzoate 0.0025%, though, recorded lower pod damage, could not yield higher number of viable seeds. Among the treatments, the best options for pod fly management having respective values of total pod damage % and number of viable seeds per 100 pods, emerged as: lambdacyhalothrin 0.0025% with 63.8 and 67.2, thiacloprid 0.0434% with 70.4 and 139.2, spinosad 0.0075% with 70.8 and 92.2, chlorantraniliprole 0.0093% with values of 74.4 and 122.2, and fipronil 0.0100% with 77.2 and 103.2. Hence, four applications of any one of the five insecticides evaluated starting with the opening of inflorescence at an interval of 15 days will be the best schedule of insecticides for pod fly management in F. semialata.


. Species abundance data from 32 representative stands are used to evaluate the vegetation in the heavily grazed Serengeti short grasslands. The abundant species are: Kyllinga nervosa, Sporobolus ioclados, S. kentro-phyllus and Eustachys paspaloides, all occurring in elevated areas, and Hypoestes forskalei, which is found in the drainage areas.

Numerical classification and fuzzy set ordination revealed four main grassland communities associated with a topographic gradient. The communities are considered distinct since their niches, as computed in the community and environmental fuzzy system space are not overlapping. Leaching, erosion and animal disturbance effects correlated with the topographic gradient are found to determine species composition and overall community structure in the grasslands.


This inaugural issue of The Illawarra Population Health Profiler looks at the burden of diabetes mellitus among people resident in the Illawarra Health Area, and each of its Local Government Areas. The relative impact of the condition in the population is compared to the NSW average. Prevalence of diabetes is described as well as the burden, as measured by the levels of excess hospitalisation and self-reports of interference with regular activities. Information is also provided on levels of management. The overview is followed by the source of the data and the methods used, followed by more detailed analysis.


The Brazilian oil company Petrobras today is part of a select group of global players, actively participating in the new global energy configuration. Consequence of the growth in it's exploration and oil production. This new power configuration has radically changed the structure of the oil industry, the business environment, especially, raising investment levels, demonstrating the centrality of oil as responsible for moving the world economy. Analyzing the performance of state-owned company in this context, this article seeks to focus in the activities of Petrobras in Brazil and in South America. Has been presented the history and activities of Petrobras, the performance in Brazil, and the centrality of the company in the South American continent, especially with the advent of pre-salt


There is a shortfall of neurologists in the United States. One physician recruitment site found neurology to be the most in-demand specialty in 2018, with fewer candidates per job posted than any other field.1 This shortfall is projected to worsen in the coming years, exacerbating clinic wait times and reducing patient access to neurologic care.2 A stable minority of allopathic medical students choose to train in neurology each year, with ≈3.1% matching into a neurology residency in 2018.3 The assumption is that if more students go into neurology, the field would be better equipped to serve the burgeoning population of patients with neurologic disorders.


Purpose This mixed methods study developed multiple question types to understand and measure women's perceived benefit from adjuvant endocrine therapy. We hypothesis that patients do not understand this benefit and sought to develop the questions needed to test this hypothesis and obtain initial patient estimates. Methods From 8/2022 to 3/2023, qualitative interviews focused on assessing and modifying 9 initial varied question types asking about the overall survival (OS) benefit from adjuvant endocrine therapy. Subsequent focus groups modified and selected the optimal questions. Patients' self-assessment of their OS benefit was compared to their individualized PREDICT model results. Results Fifty-three patients completed the survey; 42% Hispanic, 30% rural, and 47% with income <$39,999 per year. Patients reported adequate health care literacy (61.5%) and average confidence about treatment and medication decisions 49.4 (95% CI 24.4–59.5). From the original 9 questions, 3 modified questions were ultimately found to capture patients' perception of this OS benefit, focusing on graphical and prose styles. Patients estimated an OS benefit of 42% compared to 4.4% calculated from the PREDICT model (p < 0.001). Conclusion In this group with considerable representation from ethnic minority, rural and low-income patients, qualitative data showed that more than one modality of question type was needed to clearly capture patients' understanding of treatment benefit. Women with breast cancer significantly overestimated their 10-year OS benefit from adjuvant endocrine therapy compared to the PREDICT model.


The quality and efficiency of traditional rescue work are seriously affected by the destruction of roads and road traffic. In view of these existing problems, the current work investigates the delivery of relief materials using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). At present, studies investigating the delivery of emergency relief materials are few, the technology is not mature, the disadvantage is bigger. In this paper, the UAV material delivery system can realize the function of automatic navigation and automatic delivery of materials. The experimental results show that, in a large number of delivery tests, 97% of deliveries contained a delivery error within 4 m, 64% of deliveries contained a delivery error within 2 m. The average delivery error was 1.86 m. The results of the experiment show that the accuracy of the UAV material delivery system is high, and the test results can provide reference for the further study of the robot.


We prove that two-step analytic sub-Riemannian structures on a compact analytic manifold equipped with a smooth measure and Lipschitz Carnot groups satisfy measure contraction properties.


Background: While progress has been made in HIV management in adults, reaching the UNAIDS and Kenyan goal of 90% virologic suppression for children and adolescents living with HIV (CALHIV) has a remained a national challenge. In 2017, 66.80% of children (0-9 years) and 66.0% of adolescents (10-19 years) in HIV care had achieved virologic suppression. Understanding the varied challenges that clients, caregivers, and health care workers (HCW) face is critical to close CALHIV virologic suppression gaps.


In India the enormous loss of life and property perceived in the last couple of decades, attributable to failure of structures instigated by earthquakes. Responsiveness is now being given to the assessment of the sufficiency of strength in framed RCC structures to resist solid ground motions. The seismic reaction of RCC building frame in terms of performance point and the earthquake forces on Reinforced building frame with the help of pushover analysis is carried out in this project. In this method of analysis a model of the building is exposed to a lateral load. Pushover analysis can afford a substantial insight into the weak links in seismic concert of a structure and we can know the weak zones in the structure. In this project effort has been made to investigate the effect of Shear Wall and Structural Wall on lateral displacement and Base Shear in RCC Frames. RCC Frames with G+13 are considered, one with soft storey and other with normal building in L- shape. The pushover analysis of the RCC building frame is carried out by structural analysis and design software ETABS.


An optimized multi-pinhole aperture can improve the spatial resolution and the sensitivity of pinhole SPECT system simultaneously. In this study, an optimization strategy of the multi-pinhole configuration is proposed, including the preliminary evaluations by geometric analytic models and the system performance evaluations by a simulated human observer, the Fourier crosstalk approach and tomographic image reconstructions. According to the resulting AUC, sensitivity, spatial resolution and reconstructions, a 4-pinhole aperture with 20% multiplexing and 1.52X magnification is the optimized configuration for a micro pinhole-SPECT with a camera with an active area of 49 × 49 mm2 and a 14-mm diameter spherical field-of-view.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this trial was to study the effects of chronic resveratrol use on cognitive function in humans.

DESIGN
The authors conducted a double-blind, Phase IIa randomized, placebo-controlled trial to obtain preliminary estimates of the effects of resveratrol supplementation on cognitive function over a 90-day period in older adults.

LOCATION
University of Florida in Gainesville, FL.

SUBJECTS
Sedentary, overweight older adults (N = 32; age range: 65-93 years, M age = 73.34 years, SD age = 7.02 years).

INTERVENTION
Participants were randomized to one of three treatment groups (placebo, 300 mg/day resveratrol, 1000 mg/day resveratrol) for 90 days.

OUTCOME MEASURES
Cognitive function was assessed before and after treatment using a well-characterized test battery: Trail Making, Digits Forward and Backward, Erikson-Flanker, Controlled Oral Word Association, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised, and Task Switching.

RESULTS
Psychomotor speed improved on the Trail Making Test part A in participants taking 1000 mg/day of resveratrol compared with participants in both the 300 mg/day condition and the placebo condition (p = 0.02).

CONCLUSION
This pilot study suggests that 90 days of resveratrol supplementation at a dose of 1000/mg per day selectively improves psychomotor speed but does not significantly affect other domains of cognitive function in older adults. These findings provide modest support to further study the effects of resveratrol on cognitive function in older adults.


Natural ventilation in buildings is an energy-saving and a preferable ventilation method. Under the buoyancy effect, single-sided mixed and displacement ventilation modes take place when air is ventilated through one or more openings, located on a vertical wall of an enclosure. Another method of natural ventilation occurs when air flows out through a vertical vent installed on the roof of an enclosure. In the present study, a combination of both the natural ventilation methods was examined. A test room of single-sided ventilation was equipped with a vertical vent. Ventilation rate through the openings was evaluated based on the air flow velocity measured at the surface area of the openings. The vertical vent was kept closed during the first run of the experiments, then the same experiments repeated where the vent was in use. Based on the experimental results, the effect of the vertical vent on the ventilation rate is clarified and a model on combination for two ventilation methods is suggested.