Objectives Existing research highlights the beneficial nature of heritage engagement for mental health, but engagement varies geographically and socially, and few studies explore spatial exposure (ie, geographic availability) to heritage and heritage visits. Our research questions were 'does spatial exposure to heritage vary by area income deprivation?', 'is spatial exposure to heritage linked to visiting heritage?' and 'is spatial exposure to heritage linked to mental health?'. Additionally, we explored whether local heritage is associated with mental health regardless of the presence of green space. Design Data were collected from January 2014 to June 2015 via the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) wave 5. Our study is cross-sectional. Setting UKHLS data were either collected via face-to-face interview or online questionnaire. Participants 30 431 adults (16+ years) (13 676 males, 16 755 females). Participants geocoded to Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) 'neighbourhood' and 'English Index of Multiple Deprivation' 2015 income score. Main exposures/outcome measures LSOA-level heritage exposure and green space exposure (ie, population and area densities); heritage site visit in the past year (outcome, binary: no, yes); mental distress (outcome, General Health Questionnaire-12, binary: less distressed 0–3, more distressed 4+). Results Heritage varied by deprivation, the most deprived areas (income quintile (Q)1: 1.8) had fewer sites per 1000 population than the least deprived (Q5: 11.1) (p<0.01). Compared with those with no LSOA-level heritage, those with heritage exposure were more likely to have visited a heritage site in the past year (OR: 1.12 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.22)) (p<0.01). Among those with heritage exposure, visitors to heritage had a lower predicted probability of distress (0.171 (95% CI 0.162 to 0.179)) than non-visitors (0.238 (95% CI 0.225 to 0.252)) (p<0.001). Conclusions Our research contributes to evidence for the well-being benefits of heritage and is highly relevant to the government's levelling-up heritage strategy. Our findings can feed into schemes to tackle inequality in heritage exposure to improve both heritage engagement and mental health.


To the Editor, S100A6, otherwise known as calcyclin, is a calcium-binding protein belonging to the S100 protein family. It has been found in fibroblastic and epithelial cell lines, cells with rapid proliferative activity and cells undergoing differentiation. S100A6 expression is present in a variety of cutaneous and non-cutaneous neoplasms. It has been well documented that melanomas, as well as other benign melanocytic lesions including some melanocytic nevi and blue nevi express S100A6. Approximately 62–100% of previously reported metastatic and primary melanomas have expressed S100A6. To our knowledge, there have been no reports evaluating desmoplastic or spindle cell melanomas using S100A6 expression. We reviewed 11 desmoplastic melanomas (Fig. 1) and three spindle cell melanomas, all of which were positive for polyclonal antibody S100 protein. These cases were retrieved from the archives at Geisinger Medical Center from 2002 to 2007 and stained with anti-S100A6 protein. We also reviewed five conventional melanomas, one noduloulcerative melanoma and two metastatic melanomas to the lymph nodes. These cases were also positive for polyclonal anti-S100 protein. Our results showed that all three spindle cell melanomas and 7 of 11 desmoplastic melanomas (63.6%) stained diffusely with anti-S100A6 protein (Figs. 2 and 3). One of the desmoplastic melanomas stained focally, while the three remaining desmoplastic melanomas (27.3%) did not stain with anti-S100A6. The conventional melanomas, noduloulcerative melanoma and metastatic melanomas all stained with anti-S100A6 in different distributions. Four of the five conventional melanomas stained diffusely, while the remaining melanoma had rare positive cells. The noduloulcerative melanoma stained diffusely with anti-S100A6. One of the metastatic melanomas stained positive in a patchy distribution and the other metastatic melanoma had rare positive cells.


Hanyu is the leader of the movement for ancient prose in Tang Dynasty.In order to change the decadent style of writing in early and prosperous Tang Dynasty,HanYu advocates to study the literatures of Xian Qin Dynasty,XiHan Dynasty and DongHan Dynasty,especially to study "The records of History"."The Supplement of Zhang Zhongcheng" is a masterpiece of Hanyu which inherits Sima qiao's distillation in writing.This article explores the inheritage and development of Hanyu's works to "The records of History" from the aspect of ideas and art.


Thin films of Sn doped ZnO were placedon glass substrates by using spin coating method. The effect of Sn doping on optical properties of ZnOis studied withmol percentages of dopant in ZnO as 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8%. The optical spectra observed in the range 200 – 800 nm shows a very good transmittance above 90%. The band gap variation on Sn doping lies in the range 3.23 – 3.27 eV. The increase in band gap is good sign that these films can be used as coating in soar cells.


The normal-state spin susceptibility of was measured as a function of doping x. For , is well described by small-polaron theory. For , a temperature-independent Pauli component is present in as well. These results indicate the coexistence of small polarons and free carriers above the transition concentration . The concentration of the free carriers increases rapidly with , reaching a maximum for optimal doping (x = 0.15). The large mass anisotropy of the polarons is obtained quantitatively from the -measurements.


Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of extract of Herba agrimoniae.Methods:The anti- inflammatory and analgesic effects of alcohol extract and water extract from Herba agrimoniae were observed by means of acetic acid in- ducing mouse writhing model,hot plate method,dimethylbenzene inducing ear edema model and carrageenan inducing rat voix pedis swell model.Results:It was found that alcohol extract and water extract from Herba agrimoniae markedly reducing the writhing fre- quency induced by acetic acid,significantly increasing the pain threshold in mice induced by hot plate,evidently suppressing the mouse's ear edema induced by dimethylbenzene and significantly mitigating the rat voix pedis swell inducing by carrageenan.The action of alcohol extract was better than which of water extract.Conclusion:The alcohol extract from Herba agrimoniae has notable effects on anti-inflammation and analgesia.


The present research is to inquire the impact of demographic variables on home environment among high school students. For the present study 480 high school boys and girls were selected. To assess the home environment among high school students; Home Environment Questionnaire by  Manjuvani was admitted to  the students. To test the hypotheses the data was interpreted using ANOVA. Results revealed that there is significant impact of gender ,locality and type of school on home environment.  High creative group boys and girls possessed better mental health than low creative boys and girls.


The present investigation was conducted to determine the effect of various concentrations of coconut water (CW) and casein hydrolysate (CH) on callus growth. Somatic embryogenesis and subsequent germination of somatic embryos in date palm cultivar Bream and detecting genetic stability using RAPD markers. Apical bud  (2.0 cm) was excised, surface sterilized and  cultured on modified Murashige and Skoog 1962 (MS) medium supplemented with 50 mg/L Picloram  and 3.0 mg/L isopentenyladenine (2ip). Initial calli were transfered into a medium containing CW and CH. Callus growth was best achieved when 20% (v/v) CW was added giving a mean callus  fresh  weight  of 1.95g  compared  with  those supplemented with CH   at 2.0 g/L which  recorded 1.7 g. However, CW  was  more  effective  in  enhancing  somatic  embryogenesis. Results  showed  that  best  somatic  embryogenesis occurred  on  either 20%(v/v) CW or 2.0 g/L  CH  producing  65 and 47  embryos  per  culture,  respectively. The subsequent germination of somatic embryos was also enhanced after the addition of CW and CH to previous culture medium.  The highest percentage of embryo germination (76%) was achieved with 10% (v:v) CW and 60% was achieved with 2 g/L CH while it was only 45% in the medium lacking CW and CH. The highest percentage of  embryo germination (76%) was achieved with 10% (v:v) CW and it reach 60% with 2 g/L CH while it was only 45% in the medium lacking CW and CH. Randomly  Amplified  Polymorphic   DNA (RAPD)  markers   conducted  in  this  investigation  confirmed the  resemblance  among  the  tissue  culture  plantlets  as  well  as with  donor tree.


Hexoloy SX, a new member of Carborundum's silicon carbide family of materials, has been demonstrated to possess better strength and toughness than those of its parent Hexoloy SA silicon carbide. Typical values of room temperature four-point bend strength and SENB toughness of post-HIP'ed Hexoloy SX range from 621 to 827 MPa (90-120 ksi) and 8 to 10 MPa m exp 1/2, respectively. These room temperature mechanical properties are comparable to the best of silicon nitride materials available, but at a significantly lower raw material cost. Moreover, preliminary results also show Hexoloy SX to have excellent creep, wear, and erosion resistance. 14 refs.


Endoscopic biliary stenting is the most widely accepted procedure for the management of symptomatic biliary obstruction. In cases of unresectable malignant distal biliary obstruction (UMDBO), stent placement plays a key role in maintaining biliary flow and in improving prognosis and quality of life. Self-expandable metallic stents (SEMSs) have been used widely in patients with UMDBO because SEMSs give rise to longer stent patency than that of plastic stents (PSs).


This study analyzed the effects of MA announcement before and after the 1998 amendments of 'Securities and Exchange Act' through the event study. The MA firms turned out to gain the abnormal returns during the entire periods. The cumulative average abnormal returns of MA firms were 1.38%(market adjusted model) or 5.37%(industry-adjusted model) higher after the 1998 amendments than before. The differences of performance of MA were significant also in case of the related MA, vertical or horizontal MA, MA in booms. In regression analysis, the 1998 amendments of Act was the significant factor to explain the cumulative abnormal returns.


Important lessons have been learned from the complex and controversial story surrounding the rise and fall of aprotinin. Although Brown et al. (1) rightly point out that one should see this as somewhat of a cautionary tale, drawing attention to the pitfalls of when marketing gets ahead of science, it is also a tale that was partly fueled by the co-dependence of the pharmaceutical industry and academia. In fairness, however, some of this criticism is clearly seen through the aid of the retrospectroscope. Despite the overall negative results of their meta-analysis aimed at evaluating the potential anti-inflammatory effect of aprotinin, at the time that many of the constituent trails were published, there was clear enthusiasm among manufacturers and academics alike for this pleiotropic drug. It was a drug that clearly possessed a primary antifibrinolytic effect, but also one that could plausibly be linked mechanistically to an anti-inflammatory action (through the role that kallikrein may have on inflammatory pathways). Furthermore, this paper also highlights the importance of integrating meaningful clinical endpoints with mechanisms of action. In the case of aprotinin, its multitude of actions on a complex series of serine proteases, any one of which could have a beneficial (or negative) effect, are at the heart of the issue. Even though small individual laboratory or clinical trials showed some relative beneficial effects on inflammation (such as a reduced cytokine profile), none of these studies attempted to meaningfully link this to discrete and important endpoints. Had they been designed to do so, perhaps the relatively poor effect on clinical inflammation and outcomes could have been realized earlier.

The basic science researcher often chides the clinical outcomes researcher for not adequately focusing on mechanism, whereas the outcomes researcher criticizes the relevance of the minutiae of obscure, although potentially important, effects of a drug on various biochemical pathways. In reality, it is the rational melding of these two scientific worlds that perhaps is one of the other take-home messages.

What we are left with at the end of this aprotinin saga is a lesson that will, for any foreseeable time, be incomplete. We may never know which particular enzyme inhibition or interaction was responsible for its eventual adverse safety profile. Nonetheless, what we take away from this is to never lose sight of the important clinical endpoints but also to always attempt to integrate this with an understanding of the mechanisms related to these endpoints. This may help determine the difference between epiphenomena vs. true mechanistic effectors. There were clearly individual and distinct pieces of evidence suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect, and there is also an easy-to-link biological plausibility, but the overall weight of the evidence, that is, through this meta-analysis, does not support it.

One must clearly keep an open mind when examining the science surrounding the issue of this drug and others. Our scientific understanding is constantly evolving. Although many thought the drug once had benefit, we should never let this stop us from critically evaluating our understanding of it. Perhaps if these authors' critical analysis had been done earlier, we would have been further ahead in our understanding of the next steps forward with alternative therapies. Perhaps one of the final lessons to be learned is rather than circling the wagons around an issue, which arguably resulted in the polarization of clinicians around aprotinin, one needs to cautiously avoid putting blinders on.

John Maynard Keynes, noted economist of the Great Depression era (2) (whose writings have recently seen an upsurge in interest with the recent tumultuous economic times), once wrote about contradictions in his writing, stating that "When the facts change, I change my mind. What do you do sir?" Although many believed in the potential anti-inflammatory effects of aprotinin, it now seems that we need to be prepared to change our own minds.


Background: Metabolic disorders are on the rise resulting in an increased need for novel interventions to combat this growing concern. One such intervention is time-restricted eating, which consolidates caloric intake to a shortened eating duration, and has consistently demonstrated improvement in metabolic health. Additional interventions could harness circadian clocks, which help regulate daily rhythms of hormone release and maintain metabolic homeostasis. Circadian rhythms are influenced by timing of food intake and therefore meal timing may also impact metabolic health.
 Objective: To examine whether timing of eating was associated with metabolic health independently of eating duration.
 Methods: Data are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative U.S. survey and physical exam. We analyzed two non-consecutive dietary recalls, fasting glucose and insulin from 10,575 adults (>18) over four cycles (2005–2012). We calculated eating interval duration as the time between first and last eating occasion (>10kcal) and formulated three groups: <10h, 10-13h, >13h. We then created 6 subgroups based on eating duration start time (before or after 0830 h) to analyze associations of eating interval timing. Linear regression analyses controlling for demographics were computed to determine whether eating interval duration and eating interval timing were associated with fasting glucose and estimated insulin resistance using HOMA-IR.
 Results: Fasting glucose did not differ significantly among eating interval groups. Adjusted mean HOMA-IR increased with shorter eating interval duration (2.23, 2.20, 1.97 for <10h, 10-13h, >13h; p<0.05). When eating start time occurred before 0830 h compared to start time after 0830 h, mean adjusted HOMA-IR decreased across all eating interval subgroups (1.96 vs 2.28 for <10h, 2.13 vs 2.28 for 10-13h, 1.94 vs 2.13 for >13h; p <0.05). Adjusted mean fasting glucose had a similar pattern (96.3 mg/dL vs 98.7 mg/dL for <10h, 97.3 mg/dL vs 98.4 mg/dL for 10-13h, and 97.3 mg/dL vs 99.3 mg/dL for >13h; p < 0.05). In regression models where eating duration and timing were both entered as continuous variables, only timing was significantly associated with fasting glucose and HOMA-IR. Later time was associated with higher glucose and HOMA values (p<.001)
 Conclusion: Shorter eating durations, i.e. time-restricted eating, was associated with worse metabolic outcomes, except when paired with an earlier start time. All subgroups with an early eating start time had better metabolic outcomes regardless of eating duration. These findings suggest that timing is more strongly associated with metabolic measures than duration and supports early eating strategies.


Business activity in the hydrocarbon sector, involving the extraction of natural resources essential to maintain our modern lifestyle, begins with the negotiation of oil and gas exploration and exploitation contracts. Apart from the traditional role of the parties' contractual autonomy, determining the legal regime of these contracts necessitates considering the role of international law, the development of oil sector-specific international rules (lex petrolea), and the impact of the imperative norms of national legal systems, especially in expropriation cases and in those situations in which investments or commercial transactions in a particular State are subject to limits or prohibitions relating to economic coercion measures.


This study aimed to examine the concept of marital adjustment and its relation with perfectionism (self-oriented, otheroriented and socially-prescribed perfectionism), the ways of coping (problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping and seeking social support) and gender variables. The research was carried out with 290 married individuals (188 females and 102 males). Participants were administered a questionnaire to ascertain their socio-demographic characteristics along with several assessment scales including Dyadic Adjustment Scale, Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, The Ways of Coping Inventory, Brief Symptom Inventory. A series of analyses of Covariance (ANCOVA) was conducted to evaluate the effects of personal level of perfectionism (self-oriented, other-oriented and socially-prescribed perfectionism), the ways of coping (problem-oriented coping, emotion-oriented coping and seeking social support) and gender on marital adjustment, after controlling for psychopathological symptom levels. The results demonstrated that individuals who had self-oriented perfectionism and individuals, those who applied problem-oriented coping strategies more often, reported greater level of marital adjustment. Specifically, socially-prescribed perfectionism in males and self-oriented perfectionism in females were found to be the determinant figure on the issue of marital adjustment. Another finding revealed an interaction effect between self-oriented perfectionism and seeking social support. The findings were discussed in the light of relevant literature regarding the structure of Turkish society. Keywords: Marital adjustment; perfectionism; coping with stress; gender;


This study aimed at providing a suggested perception of an e -learning Resource Center in the Department of Educational Technology, in the faculty of Education, in the King Saud University in the light of the present innovations of technical educational technology. To achieve the aims of the study, the researcher used the descriptive analytical method by designing an observation card for the real situation of learning resources center in the Department of Educational Technology in the Faculty of Education in the King Saud University due to: its area, organization, and staff. Also the researcher built a questionnaire to identify the requirements of the faculty members students and staff. The study sample was chosen randomly. It consists of (60) faculty members, (50) staff and (490) students, a total of (600) members who respond to the study tool. The results of the study indicated that there was no LRC with its original concept, but there was a traditional library contains a hall attached to the library, computer lab, and a unit for the production of teaching aids. And The existence of a large shortage in the Facilities and equipment of the technological innovations available as if they were compared with the number of users such as faculty members and students. Also the results indicated serious need for the suggested services to the suggested center. And the need for Standards for the suggested LRC building, the most important standards were safety and security features and equipped halls with modern display machines. Depending on these results the researcher designed a suggested E-Learning Resource Center for the Faculty of Education in the King Saud University. The researcher also developed a number of recommendations and suggestions for future research.


Objective: To investigate the clinical featuress of lower respiratory tract infection caused by enterobacter cloacae.Methods: The clinical data and antibiotic susceptibility studies of 35 cases from respiration department of 10 hospitals in Tianjin during 2000~2002 were reviewed.Results: Chronic bronchitis acute attack is the most in the lower respiratory tract infection caused by enterobacter cloacae from 10 hospitals in Tianjin during 2000~2002, community-acquired pneumonia and nosocomal pulmonary infection is the next.Lower respiratory tract infection caused by enterobacter cloacae occurred mostly in the older and week patients, especially accompanied by severe underlying diseases, long term using of broad spectrum antibiotics, adrenal cortical hormone,endotracheal intubation and treated by ventilator.It's clinical features were lack of specificity.The antibiotic susceptibility studies showed the antibiotic resistance to cefozolin is highest,which is 100.0%,next is to ampicillin, which is 90.9%.There is no resistance to imipenem.Conclusion: Imipenem is the first choice to treat lower respiratory tract infection caused by enterobacter cloacae, choice of non-β-lactam antibiotics must depend on the results of antibiotic susceptibility studies.


Objective To explore the risk factors of septicemia in hospitals. Methods A retrospective control study of cases was conducted, using SPSS software to conduct single factor and Logistic regression analysis so as toscreen possible risk ractors. Results Differences of 14 factors were shown to be statistically significant in the analysisof single factors. Further Logistic regression analysis of the 14 factors indicate that the following are independent riskfactors of septicemia in hospitals: basic diseases(OR=5.3), tumor chemotherapy(OR=15.9), albumin 30g/L(OR = 5.9), vascular catheterization 2 days(OR = 5.2), operation time 4 hours(OR = 4.9), continuous use ofantibiotics(OR = 1.1), and simultaneous of more than 2 Kinds of antibiotics(OR = 9.0). Conclusion Septicemia in hospiatals results from the synergistic effect of a variety of factors. The possible risk factors that have benscreened need to be further confirmed through perspective studies and clinical trials.


The chloro-bridged heterobimetallic complex (η6-hexamethylbenzene)Ru(dmp)(μ-Cl)2Sn(CH3)2Cl2 was designed, synthesized, and characterized by various spectroscopic methods, viz. IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and ESI MS, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography as an approach toward multitargeting metal-based potential anticancer drug candidates. In vitro DNA binding studies confirmed the binding affinity of the complex toward the minor groove of DNA, which is further validated by docking studies. Furthermore, the complex exhibited significant inhibitory effects on topoisomerase Iα at a very low concentration (∼8 μM). The cytotoxicity of the complex against HeLa and HepG2 cancer cell lines was evaluated, which revealed significant regression in cancerous cells in comparison with the standard drug.


s of decisions are available in the following services: BUREAU OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH REPORTER [hereinafter cited as BNA OSHR]; CCH EMPLOYMENT SAFETY & HEALTH GUIDE [hereinafter cited as CCH ESHG]; PRENTICE-HALL GUIDE [hereinafter cited as P-H LAB. REL.]. In Garden State Farms, Inc., P-H LAB. REL. 90,142, O.S.H.R.C. No. 979 (1973) two employees had violated a standard by removing a guard from a circular saw without the employer's knowledge or permission; the judge held that a brief, isolated unwarranted action by the employees without the company's knowledge wasn't a violation. In Chicago Bridge & Iron Co., P-H LAB. REL. 90,087, O.S.H.R.C. No. 609 (1973), a violation of a requirement for employees to use eye protection equipment in grinding operations was dismissed, as 19731 LOUISIANA LAW REVIEW [Vol. 34 insure that his employees comply with applicable standards, and a failure to institute procedures to insure such compliance can result in an employee's violation of a standard being found to be that of his employer as well.'" An interpretation of the Act which penalized a good faith employer for an employee's disregard of a known standard would be detrimental to its purpose by not differentiating those employers who were attempting to achieve compliance. Standards are classified as either permanent'7 or emergency,'" with emergency standards giving the Secretary a procedure by which he may respond quickly to new health and safety findings. 9 Emergency standards are designed to take effect immediately upon publication in the Federal Register if the Secretary determines that such a standard is needed to protect employees.2" An employer can seek a temporary or permanent variance from either a permanent or an emergency standard.2 ' A permanent variance requires the employer to show that he can provide a place of employment as safe as that provided by the standard,22 while a temporary variance requires a showing of inability to comply, the taking of available safety measures, and the establishment of a plan to achieve compliance.2 3 The initial standards promulgated by the Secretary consisted mainly of existing national consensus24 and federal standards.2" the employer had given out protective gear and indicated that it should be used, but the employees had disobeyed specific instructions. 16. In Irvin H. Whitehouse & Sons, Inc., P-H LAB. REL. 90,130, O.S.H.R.C. No. 1262 (1973), the company was held to be liable for letting employees work on a scaffold without approved safety lifebelts, even though they were available at the worksite. The company was obligated to insure that employees used the protective devices supplied. 17. 29 U.S.C. § 655(b) (1970). 18. Id. § 655(c). 19. S. REP. No. 1282, 91st Cong., 2d Sess. 7 (1970). 20. For example, an emergency standard for asbestos was petitioned for and granted soon after the act was enacted. Bloom, Occupational Safety and Health-It's the Law, 2 NEW ENGINEER, May, 1973, at 5. 21. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration had received 360 applications for variances from its standards by the first of March, 1973. JOB SAFETY AND HEALTH, June, 1973, at 27. 22. 29 U.S.C. § 655(D) (1970). 23. Id. § 655(B)(6). 24. These standards were developed by such organizations as the American National Standards Institute. 25. See Walsh-Healey Public Contracts Act, 41 U.S.C. § 35(e) (1970); Longshoremen's & Harbor Worker's Compensation Act, 33 U.S.C. § 941 (1970) (two examples of such legislation). Future standards may require medical examinations, labeling of hazards, monitoring employee exposure to hazards, and various types of protective clothing. Bloom, Occupational Safety and Health-It's the Law, 2 NEW ENGINEER, May, 1973, at 5.


The Survey of Teenage Readiness and Neurodevelopmental Status (STRANDS) is a new multidimensional measure designed to obtain a profile of abilities directly reported by the respondent. It is intended for use in clinical settings and schools to assist in the assessment of potential learning problems in high school students ages 15-19 years. It consists of a Questionnaire and Structured Interview, and takes 1 hour to administer. This study provides preliminary findings with respect to reliability and validity of the STRANDS. Subjects included 54 older adolescents who were divided into two groups: Learning Disability (n = 24) and Normal Achieving (n = 30). The two groups did not differ in terms of chronological age, race, gender, socioeconomic status, or Full Scale IQ. The STRANDS Questionnaire and Interview, and a number of benchmark measures were administered. Internal consistency measures for all scales on the STRANDS ranged from.66 to.91. Test-retest reliability of the Interview ranged from.72 to 97. Construct validity was examined for the scales of attention, memory, language, and visual-perceptual function using multi-trait/multi-method correlational analysis. Construct validity was supported by moderate, significant correlations between the latter three scales and a priori related measures. The construct validity for the attention scale was not well supported. Several scales on the Questionnaire and on the Interview significantly discriminated between the groups, with the Learning Disability group reporting significantly greater concerns than the Normal Achieving group. These results suggest the potential utility of such an assessment approach with adolescents, particularly those experiencing learning problems.


Amid predictions of increasing numbers of jobs requiring employees with degrees, the retention of adult students returning to degree programs has become a critical concern. This study investigates generational differences in psychosocial factors that may influence adult students to discontinue taking classes, and the sources of support they find most helpful and important. A newlycreated survey instrument was found to have acceptable validity and reliability and used to collect data from thousands of adult college students in April-May 2011. Purpose The purpose of the quantitative descriptive and correlational study was to investigate the extent to which certain psychosocial issues experienced by adult learners varied based on generational cohort membership. The study also measured any variance that may exist between past educational experience and psychosocial issues experienced, between generational cohort affiliation and preferred sources of personal support, and between psychosocial issues experienced and intent to continue taking classes. At the time this paper was prepared, a research instrument had been created and validated with subject matter experts, and a pilot study of the instrument conducted to establish reliability. This paper will review the results of the pilot study. The conference presentation will include the final results of the main study. Theoretical Framework Recent media attention has been focused on the declining educational attainment of Americans and the resulting consequences for U.S. advancement and productivity. The lack of degree-prepared employees presents a growing concern for national economic growth, since several labor reports have indicated a projected increase in the percentage of jobs requiring a post-secondary degree (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2009; Eduventures, 2008; Soares, 2009). Adults earning degrees may lessen the concern, since adult enrollment in higher education is projected to increase up to 20% by 2016 (Eduventure, 2008). However, enrollment does not always result in degree attainment. In Milam's (2008) study of non-traditional students, the 18 month retention rate for full-time enrollment was only 28.9%, and 47.9% for part-time enrollment. Degree-attainment was even less frequent: 28.1% of full-time non-traditional students and 5% of part-time non-traditional students had earned an associates or bachelor's degree after six years of study. Research on the factors influencing retention of adult learners in post-secondary degree programs has focused on academic preparation and competence, lifestyle deterrents (such as lack of time and money), institutional deterrents (such as inconvenient class times and office hours), and, to a lesser extent, psychosocial issues such as self-esteem and goal clarity. The influence of psychosocial issues on retention has been studied primarily through individual interviews with


The quantum-limit Hall effect at $\nu = nh/eB\sim O(1)$ that hosts a variety of exotic quantum phenomena requires demanding strong magnetic field $B$ and low carrier density $n$. We propose to realize quantum-limit Hall effect even in the presence of large carrier density residues $n_e$ and $n_h$ relative to the magnetic field $B$ in topological semimetals, where a single Fermi surface contour allow both electron-type and hole-type carriers and approaches charge neutrality as $n_e\sim n_h$. The underlying filling factor $\nu = |n_e-n_h|h/eB$ explicitly violates the Onsager's relation for quantum oscillations.


This paper studies the global asymptotic and exponential stability of the equilibrium point of discrete-time delayed Hopfield neural networks (DHNN) with large impulse effects. The present results characterize the aggregated effects of impulse and stability property of the impulse-free Hopfield neural networks on the stability of the considered system. The feasible upper bound of impulses is also estimated. It is shown that the discrete-time impulsive DHNN might preserve global exponential stability of the impulse-free DHNN even if the impulses have enlarging effects on the states of neurons.


A central limit theorem is proved for some strictly stationary sequences of random variables that satisfy certain mixing conditions and are subjected to the "shrinking operators" $U_r(x):=[\max\{|x|-r,0\}]\cdot x/|x|,\ r \ge 0$. For independent, identically distributed random variables, this result was proved earlier by Housworth and Shao.


Abstract Two iron ore samples from Nigeria have been examined using TG, DTA, EGA, XRD, and optical and electron microscopy. Itakpe iron ore is hematite-rich, this mineral being intergrown with magnetite, and silica is the major impurity. Agbaja ore is an acidic oölite ore consisting of goethite and magnetite, with alumina, silica and phosphorus as major impurities. Itakpe is typical of a rich ore formed by magmatic segregation whilst Agbaja is a lean ore of sedimentary origin. Isothermal mass-change measurements in hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the range 800–1100°C show Agbaja to be less reducible than Itakpe; in particular, Agbaja is very irreducible at 1100°C because of sintering of the ore. Characterization and reducibility experiments were also carried out on Corby (Northamptonshire, UK) iron ore for comparison.


Sorghum(Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and Pennisetum American (L.) Leek) are the Major staple food Crops in Several African Countries. These Crops are devasted every year by a number of insect pests. Some Entomological literature exist in French but is not easily accessible to scientists working in the continent due to lack of library facilities or language Barrier....


Enterprise servers have been widely used in telecommunication and storage system, such as Internet service. For the stability of server working, cooling is the critical issue in the design of the server. Usually, fan is the major cooling source for a server system. In recent years, fan speed control has become a critical part of system thermal architecture, and the difficulty of fan speed control is the heat coupling effect among the chips within the server. However, the state of the art in server fan speed control often results in over provisioning of air flow that leads to high fan power consumption. To avoid the unnecessary fan power consumption, this work focus on the coupling effect among the heated chips, and has demonstrated the design of fuzzy controller to achieve the decoupling fan speed control. By LabVIEW GUI programming, the fuzzy fan speed control system was implemented. Experimental results show that the fuzzy controller can significantly suppress the fluctuation of the fan speed.


Korean Abstract: 지속가능개발목표(SDGs) 달성을 위해 2030년까지 개도국은 연간 5~7조 달러에 달하는 재원이 필요한 것으로 추정된다. 그러나 현재 개도국으로 유입되는 개발재원은 연간 4,000억 달러에 불과한 상태로, 개발재원 확대는 국제사회가 직면한 과제이다. ODA를 비롯한 공적 개발재원 규모가 확대되어야 하나, 글로벌 경기침체와 선진국 정부예산 제약 등으로 힌하여 전망이 밝지 않은 상황이다. 개발재원 공여 주체로서 민간부문에 대한 기대는 지속적으로 고조될 것으로 보이며, 민간재원 유도를 위한 공여국 정부와 공적 개발재원의 역할이 요구된다.
본 연구는 개발재원 확대에 관한 국제사회의 논의 분석, 공적 개발재원 흐름에 관한 동계 분석, 수원국의 대응동향 분석을 통해 개발재원 확대를 위한 정책방안을 도출하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해 개발재원 흐름에 관한 새로운 측정수단인 'TOSSD' 및 혼합금융 관련 주요 쟁점을 정리하였다. 또한 공적 개발재원 흐름에 관한 통계를 바탕으로 재원 유형별 특징과 공여 결정요인을 분석했다. 세네갈과 필리핀을 사례조사 대상국으로 선정하여 개발재원의 수혜자로서 대응전략과 이슈를 살펴봤다.

English Abstract: An estimated total of 5-7 trillion USD will be needed annually for developing countries to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. However, financial flows to developing countries currently account for only 400 billion USD per year, thus highlighting the need to expand financial resources. Although public development finance should be increased in order to achieve the SDGs and the 0.7% ODA/GNI target set by DAC member countries, the prospect of increasing the total volume of ODA looks dim when considering the mounting constraints placed on the donor government's budget. Therefore, the role of private finance will likely become more important to support the economic growth and sustainable development of developing countries.

This research aims to derive policy implications to increase financial flows to developing countries by examining current international debates on financing for development, conducting a statistical analysis of official development finance including ODA and other official flows (OOF), and analyzing case studies which cover the development finance landscape from the perspective of partner countries. Firstly, the study examines the major issues regarding development finance based on a study of international dialogue on financing for development. Secondly, the study derives the characteristics of official development resources and determinants of resource allocation by type based on statistical analysis of official development finance. This is followed by a study of cases in the Philippines and Senegal to understand the issues on development finance from the perspective of partner countries.


eart failure (HF) is a clinical state characterized in part by intravascular and extracellular volume excess. Loop diuretics have a high natriuretic potency by blocking the luminal Na-K-2Cl transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle1 and remain the first-line treatment for ameliorating symptoms associated with volume overload.2,3 Thiazide diuretics inhibit sodium transport in the distal tubule and can block the compensatory increase of sodium reabsorption in the response to loop diuretics,4 which results in a much greater natriuretic effect than when a loop diuretic is given alone. However, natriuretic therapy alone is not sufficient to control fluid retention from both the aspect of neurohormonal regulation and of renal sodium-water handling in patients with advanced HF.5 The natriuretic-induced sodium loss activates not only the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAA) and sympathetic nervous systems, but also stimulates nonosmotic release of arginine vasopressin (AVP).6 Increased AVP secretion activates the V2 receptor and induces water reabsorption via cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-stimulated aquaporin (AQP)-2 translocation into the apical plasma membrane of the principal cells in the distal nephron. Notably, activation of the V2 receptor also increases the expression of the Na-K-2Cl transporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and stimulates the epithelial Na channel (ENaC) in the distal nephron via cAMP, which enhances sodium reabsorption.1 Consequently, non-osmotic stimulation of AVP secretion results in sodium-water reabsorption and plays a contributory role in refractoriness to loop diuretics. Therefore, V2 receptor antagonism may both induce aquaresis and restore the response to natriuretics, and consequently optimize renal sodium-water handling.


Abstract Endometriosis is a common gynecological inflammatory disorder, which is characterized by immune system dysregulation with initiation and progression. It affects 5% to 15% of reproductive-age women and is present in as many as 30% to 50% of patients with infertility and/or pain. In previous studies, including ours, have demonstrated that several cytokines have been associated with the evolution of endometriosis, including tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFa). TNFa is a non-glycosylated protein which has potent inflammatory, cytotoxic, and angiogenic potential. Therefore, in the current studies, we examined the effects of TNFa over a time course in the regulation of proinflammatory and proangiogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) in primary cultures of normal endometrial stromal cells (NESC) and compared with the untreated cells derived from eutopic endometrium of endometriosis subjects (EESC). miRNAs are short, 18- to 22-nucleotide– size, non-coding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional modulators of gene expression and are involved in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Using NanoString nCounter-based assays and quantitative RT-PCR, we have identified levels of several proinflammatory and proangiogenic miRNAs higher in EESC than NESC. NESC treatment with TNFa significantly altered the expression of proinflammatory and proangiogenic miRNAs in a time-dependent manner. Notably, TNFa significantly decreased phosphorylation of the PI3K, AKT, and ERK signaling pathways. Moreover, treatment of EESC and NESC with curcumin (diferuloylmethane, CUR), an anti-inflammatory folk medicine in Asian countries, significantly increased the expression of anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic miRNAs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. These findings demonstrate higher inflammatory, and proangiogenic miRNA production in EESC may be due to a higher concentration of TNFa than NESC under basal conditions. Therefore, suppressing TNFa may reduce the inflammatory and angiogenic miRNA associated with endometriosis. Sources of Research Support: This study was supported in part by National Institutes of Health Grants 1SC3 GM113751, U01, 1SC1 GM130544, HD66439, 1R01HD057235, U54 CA118948, HD41749, S21MD000101 and G12-MD007602. This investigation was conducted in a facility constructed with support from Research Facilities Improvement Grant #C06 RR018386 from NIH/NCRR. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 12:30 p.m. - 2:30 p.m., Monday, June 13, 2022 1:06 p.m. - 1:11 p.m.


High-impedance load cells have been developed using extensometer strips; thanks to their high output voltage, measured values can be transmitted over long distances with help of contact-ring cable reels using nonamplifier circuits or, if greater accuracy is required, using simple compensation systems for indication work; motor compensator has been developed for precision readings; typical applications are included to illustrate incorporation of electromechanical weighing machines in batching facilities, suspension tracks, slewing cranes and straddle carriers.


In order to judge the validity of warship formation evasion,it is an important point that considering the evasion validity of all warships within formation to insure each relative course fill the requirements of the limitative condition.Therefore,a new improved algorithm association rules for manoeuvre evasion is presented to make use of the relative movement strip.In view of the characteristics of the ship formation,some researches on the relationships are done between relative movement strip and evasion distance,the optimum seeking method of azimuth formation evasion course is presented to evade submarine outside scheduled distance.An example of azimuth formation shows the effectiveness and superiority of the relative movement strip.


Corresponding Author: Nils A Loewen, 203 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, US E: firstname.lastname@example.com G laucoma is one of the leading causes of visual impairment worldwide. Traditionally, treatment of glaucoma has involved pharmacologic and laser treatment, until the disease progresses to a stage that warrants the need for trabeculectomy. In recent years, microinvasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) procedures have emerged, creating new options for those who do not meet the criteria for trabeculectomy. In an expert interview, Nils Loewen of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, discusses the latest development in MIGS, as well as the new glaucoma severity index developed by his research team. Finally, he describes his work in locating and modifying the main impediment to outflow in advanced glaucoma.


Multimedia classrooms are more widely used with the development and requirement of higher education.This paper aims to focus on three core classroom problems in using multimedia classrooms: the usage,management and maintenance.Practices and experiences are used to explore the theory and further analyze the relations among the three as well.


The system of punitive damages established in China's Food Safety Law and relevant judicial interpretations is so principled that it brings some difficulties to legal application. There isn't a specified cause of action in civil cases of food safety, which leads to the situation of great difference in cause of action. Food safety responsibility dispute should be added as a new cause of action. In food punitive damages litigation, the concept of "living consumption" for consumers should be interpreted broadly and the concept of "consumer" should be well defined. The application of punitive damages should meet three requirements, including specified liability subjects, subjective fault and implementation of illegal behavior. Resulted damage is not a constitutive requirement that consumers ask for paying punitive damages. Food Safety Law should be amended as soon as possible to improve the system of food punitive damages.


This paper considers such a supply chain, there is one manufacturer who produces two types of products with substitution, and sells the two types of products to two different retailers respectively, then the two retailers sell the two products to end consumer. Using game-theoretical approach, each firm's optimal decisions are established, also the role of the manufacturer and the two retailers over two different scenarios are explored.


This paper designs a permanent magnet direct drive system for mining flotation machine. Firstly, the system is based on the field-oriented vector control method combining Maximum Torque Per Ampere control and Field-Weakening. Secondly, the hardware and software platform is designed and built, and the operation test is carried out. Finally, the test results show that the permanent magnet direct drive system has better dynamic and static response performance than the traditional flotation machine driven by asynchronous motor. And in practical application, the energy consumption is smaller and the economic benefit is higher.


Multivariate time series forecasting plays an important role in many fields. However, due to the complex patterns of multivariate time series and the large amount of data, time series forecasting is still a challenging task. We propose a single-step forecasting method for time series based on multilayer attention and recurrent highway networks. Aiming at the shortcomings of the current traditional time series forecasting methods for extracting the temporal and spatial correlation characteristics of variables, as well as the two major problems existing in traditional recurrent neural networks, a single-step time series forecasting method is proposed to improving the accuracy of time series forecasting. This paper firstly defines the time series single-step forecast formally, then introduces the Attn-RHN (multilayer attention based recurrent highway networks) method in detail, and finally verifies the feasibility of our method on the corresponding data set.


Background: The solar radiation consists of a vast spectrum of wavelengths such as visible light and ultraviolet radiation (UVR). The amount of UVR that reaches the Earth's surface is very important due to its role in vitamin D synthesis and causing skin cancers. The hourly and daily mean values of solar UV type A, B, and visible light radiation were measured for the first time during the year. Materials and Methods: The hourly and daily mean values of UVR and visible light intensity of solar radiation at Tabriz were measured and analyzed between the 2017 and 2018 years. The intensity of solar UVA and UVB radiation was measured by Hand-held Lux-UV meter device from sunrise to sunset for one hour. Results: The results showed that the highest values of UVA and UVB radiation, reaching the Earth were between 12 and 13 o'clock. The maximum and minimum values of UVR were recorded during the months of May and January, respectively. The maximum amounts of UVA and UVB during the whole year were 52.48 and 2.82 W/m, respectively. Also, the lowest intensity of UVA and UVB radiation during the whole year was 22.19 and 0.79 W/m, respectively. Conclusion: Comparison of maximum and minimum UV amounts of type A and B in May was about 2.36 and 3.56 times more than in January. The measurements showed that the intensity of UVA was significantly higher than UVB amounts.


Most of the commercial tools for digital synthesis are designed for Register-Transfer-Level (RTL) and logic synthesis. Numerous wonderful books and papers are available for understanding the syntax and semantics of the VHDL language. There are also many books and papers written for VHDL synthesis; these articles generally focus on the syntax for describing logic blocks such as combinational circuits, flip-flops, and simple finite state machines as well as how a synthesizer may infer logic from a VHDL description. Most students, even after they have learned the language features, still encounter tremendous difficulty when they begin to use the VHDL to describe a digital system for synthesis. In this paper, we describe the essence of modeling digital functions and present a powerful concept, called clocking schedule, for writing a VHDL program for RTL and logic synthesis. This technique facilitates seamless integration of all the modules in a digital design. A motion-guide project is used to demonstrate the applications and effectiveness of the technique to RTL and logic synthesis using the VHDL. Based on our experience from an "Advanced Digital Design" course, the methodology is very instructive. The students appreciated the power of digital synthesis with the VHDL in a very short period of time.


. In this paper, the kinetics of curing of unsaturated polyester resin initiated with benzoyl peroxide was studied. In case of unsaturated polyester (UP) resin, isothermal test alone could not predict correctly the curing time of UP resin. Therefore, isothermal kinetic analysis through isoconventional adjustment was used to correctly predict the curing time and temperature of UP resin. Isothermal kinetic analysis through isoconversional adjustment indicated that 97% of UP resin cures in 33 min at 120 °C. Curing of UP resin through microwaves was also studied and found that 67% of UP resin cures in 1 min at 120 °C. The crosslinking reaction of UP resin is so fast at 120 °C that it becomes impossible to predict correctly the curing time of UP resin using isothermal test and the burial of C=C bonds in microgels makes it impossible to be fully cured by microwaves at 120 °C. The rheological behaviour of unsaturated polyester resin was also studied to observe the change in viscosity with respect to time and temperature.


A filed experiment was conducted to compare spring and multiple cropping silage corn regarding grain yield,dry matter accumulation,utilization of solar,heat resources. The results indicated dry matter accumulation of the sowing dates on April 28 th,sown June 30 th,sown July 10 th were 15 615,17 615,14 671 kg·hm-2,respectively and those of fresh matter weight 53 988,67 251,68 327 kg·hm-2,respectively. Growth duration of multiple cropping silage corn was reduced and photosynthetic active radiation and ≥10℃ accumulated temperature were lower than spring sowing. Seeding stage,heading stage,filling stage of sown June 30 th fell into the optimum range of temperature. LAImax and total photosynthetic potential of sowing dates on April 28 th,sown June 30 th,sown July 10 th reached 5. 01,5. 72,6. 36 and 2. 45. × 106m2·d-1·hm-2,2. 84 × 106m2·d-1·hm-2,3. 37 × 106m2·d-1·hm-2,respectively. Multiple cropping silage corn had a higher dry matter accumulation than spring silage maize,because of suitable solar and temperature.


We use a high-resolution N-body simulation to study the velocity bias of dark matter halos, the difference in the velocity fields of dark matter and halos, in a flat low-density cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model. The high force, 2 h-1 kpc, and mass, 109 h-1 M☉, resolution allows dark matter halos to survive in very dense environments of groups and clusters, making it possible to use halos as galaxy tracers. We find that the velocity bias, bv,12, measured as a ratio of pairwise velocities of the halos to that of the dark matter, evolves with time and depends on scale. At high redshifts (z ~ 5), halos generally move faster than the dark matter on almost all scales: bv,12(r) ≈ 1.2, r > 0.5 h-1 Mpc. At later moments, the bias decreases and gets below unity on scales less than r ≈ 5 h-1 Mpc: bv,12(r) ≈ (0.6-0.8) at z = 0. We find that the evolution of the pairwise velocity bias follows and probably is defined by the spatial antibias of the dark matter halos at small scales. The one-point velocity bias, bv, defined as the ratio of the rms velocities of halos and dark matter, provides a more direct measure of the difference in velocities, because it is less sensitive to the spatial bias. We analyze bv in clusters of galaxies and find that halos are "hotter" than the dark matter: bv = 1.2-1.3 for r = (0.2-0.8)rvir, where rvir is the virial radius. At larger radii, bv decreases and approaches unity at r = (1-2)rvir. We argue that dynamical friction may be responsible for this small positive velocity bias (bv > 1) found in the central parts of clusters. We do not find significant systematic difference in the velocity anisotropy of halos and the dark matter. The velocity anisotropy function, β, of dark matter particles can be approximated as β(x) = 0.15 + 2x/(x2 + 4), where the distance x is measured in units of the virial radius.


SUMMARY

A correct method for determining the direction of a synfolding remanence is described, and a new test, which in a number of cases can discriminate between a true synfolding remanence and a remanence that is the sum of pre- and post-folding components, is suggested. It is shown that it is possible to reveal the folding evolution of a local object under an assumption that the acquisition of the synfolding remanence was synchronous over this object.


Federated learning is a machine learning technique that allows for the training of high-level models using data from users without the data leaving the edge device. This provides more personalized results for the user's community. However, as federated learning is relatively new, it is vulnerable to data leakage or manipulation by attackers. The architecture of federated learning is an iterative process, so even a small amount of data manipulation can lead to significant errors. The goal of federated learning is to keep user data on the edge device. This is accomplished by sending a base machine learning model to the edge device and training it on the user's data. The weights and biases of the trained model are then sent to the "access layer" at the server end, which collects these parameters from all the devices on the federated learning network. This means that the data is not actually sent to the server, but the model learns the weights and biases. Given the high risk of data manipulation through cyber-attacks, this paper aims to explore data integrity in transit in federated learning, including various types of cyber-attacks and activity attack modeling on the federated learning architecture. The paper concludes with a summary of the different characteristics and behavioral properties of various cyber-attacks.


The authors analyse the 2021 ruling by the Polish Supreme Court, which refused to acknowledge the right to live in a clean environment as a personal interest. The purpose of the paper is not only to evaluate the quality of the Supreme Court's argumentation, but also to highlight the implicit premises that were missing from the grounds of the decision. Based on these findings, the authors draw broader conclusions about the circumstances that increase the likelihood of pro-environmental (including pro-climate) court decisions and breakthroughs in interpretation. The authors use the latter term to describe the situation of challenging the previous, widely accepted interpretation of certain legal provisions, favouring a different interpretation that considers societal changes in values and beliefs. The authors evaluate the Supreme Court's arguments and put forward the thesis that the construction of personal interests was not the primary reason for rejecting the recognition of the right to live in a clean environment as a new personal interest. The authors used two methods to search for the hidden premises of the Supreme Court's resolution: (i) they examined the discourse supporting the rejection of the right to live in a clean environment as a personal interest, and (ii) they placed the resolution in its socio-political context. The authors identify four conditions that increase the likelihood of pro-environmental (and pro-climate) court judgments: (i) the condition of costs' expediency, (ii) the condition of individualization of responsibility, (iii) the condition of respect for the judiciary and (iv) the condition of public support. The last two conditions apply to interpretative breakthroughs in general, regardless of the subject matter.


Advanced age is an independent predictor of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. We evaluated whether left atrial (LA) dysfunction assessed by strain contributes to identifying elderly patients prone to POAF.


Objectives : In an aging society, as the necessity of the elderly oral health care was increased, the oral health dimensions was a lot more visible important to a community public health service for the quality of life improvement. In oral health care of the elderly, the periodic scaling treatment was required to manage periodontal tissue care. Methods : So, the 319 elderly people were selected by a random sampling method, those who are visitors of 5 public health centers in the South Jeolla Province. based on the findings of personal interview questionnaires and oral health states from these elderly subjects, we made a comparative analysis of oral health states of the elderly scaling program subjects. Results : 1. Among the participants, 52.4% of the elderly benefited from scaling care project otherwise 47.6%, the subjects with periodontal diseases were 78.4%, whereas 21.6% of the ones who don't. 2. In regard to perceptions of oral cavity abnormal symptoms, findings revealed that the teeth smart sensation with something cold was 'yes' 62.7%, 'No' 37.3%, gingival bleeding was 'yes' 61.4%, 'No' 38.6%, oral odor(halitosis) was 'yes' 63.3%, 'No' 36.7%, and dried mouth was 'yes' 63.3%, 'No' 36.7%. 3. The study data showed 73.2% of periodontal disease subjects, and 24.6% of no periodontal diseases responded that they have hyperesthesia and 67.6% of periodontal diseases, 39.1% no periodontal diseases responded that they have gingival bleeding. 4. In comparison of the presence of periodontal disease with scaling service program state, it is show that the elderly scaling service program was significant statistically in Elderly's periodontal disease prevention. according to analysis, 52.4% of the subjects with and 34.8% of no periodontal diseases received the Elderly scaling service program(p


Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin are classic depositional basins in Central China,and constitute the orogeny-basin pattern with Qinling orogenic zone.The evolution of Tethys Ocean is the main drive of the mechanism.During Indosinian and Yanshan movement age,the obduction zone of Helan mountain in western Ordos margin basin and organic zone of Longmen Mountain formed,the thrusting and uplifting zone was formed by Qinqi orogenic zone,which caused the formation of foreland basins,and the frame of orogeny-basin was composed.The formation of the foreland basin is consisted of three stages:foreland depression basin formation stage,intracontinental foreland basin formation stage and regeneration foreland basin formation stage.The central foreland basin was continental collision orogenic belts and peripheral foreland basins.The orogeny and basin formation had same kinematics process and dynamic mechanism,and the orogenic belts controlled the formation process of the foreland basin.


The object of the invention is a method for obtaining a skin moisturizing active principle, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - solubilization in the aqueous phase of a powder of Viola tricolor, - enzymatic hydrolysis - inactivating the enzymes, - separating the soluble and insoluble phases by settling, filtration or centrifugation, - concentration of the soluble phase by ultracentrifugation, atomization, or lyophilisation.L'invention also covers the active principle obtained, its uses, as well as cosmetic compositions including it.


Dispute over land is one of the major problems people in the study area are currently facing. In this note I will briefl y discuss mechanisms of land dispute resolutions among the Arsii Oromo people of Kokossa district. When disputes over land occur, there are two settings for land dispute settlement. One is the formal (state) structure for dispute settlement while the other is the informal (indigenous) institution for dispute settlement. This note focuses on describing and analyzing these two settings for dispute settlement. First, I briefl y discuss how the two settings for dispute settlement deal with land disputes. Then I make an attempt to illustrate how they interact and what the interaction means to the disputants. I also present a summary of an actual case of land dispute to illustrate how the two settings for dispute settlement work and interact. Finally, I discuss the practice of case 'borrowing,' which is one facet of their interaction. * Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University 1) Throughout this note, informal institutions are interchangeably used with indigenous institutions. Photo 1. Bokore village, the center of my fi eldwork in the northern part of the district


Here a simple food-grade Pickering emulsion system is prepared and adopted for biphasic biocatalytic reactions. The chitosan nanogels were prepared with strong dispersion of chitosan aggregates approaching neutral pH and then used as the particle emulsifiers to produce o/w Pickering emulsions. The chitosan nanogel exhibited high affinity to negatively charged lipase. Due to increasing biphasic interfacial area and loading amount on oil-water interface, the catalysis activity of lipase, as well as recycling and pH stability, was highly enhanced through colorimetric determination of p-nitrophenol (the hydrolysis product of p-nitrophenyl palmitate). A general strategy was proposed to obtain stimulus-responsive Pickering emulsions that can undergo phase inversion. The in situ modification of the wettability of chitosan nanogel could be attributed to the interaction between nanogel and free fatty acids, which was triggered by lipase hydrolysis. This would permit a rapid and controlled release of hydrophobic active components in response to enzymatic triggers.


of phytobiotic Intebio based on the essential oils in diets for growing chicken of preparental lines B5 and B9 (selected by Smena Center for Genetic Selection) was studied. The parameters of growth efficiency, duodenal and circulatory activity of the digestive enzymes in fistulated birds, the results of molecular genetic analysis of the composition of duodenal and cecal microbiota are presented. It was found that live bodyweight in males and females in both lines at 21 weeks of age was similar in control treatments fed diets supplemented with AGP and experimental treatments fed diets supplemented with Intebio (3172 g in males and 2318 in females vs. 3169 and 2316 g, respectively, in control in B5 line; 2590 and 1917 g vs. 2589 and 1920 g in males and females, respectively, in B9 line). Reproductive organs (testicles in males and ovaries and oviducts in females) were normally developed in all lines and treatments. Supplementation of diets with the phytobiotic significantly increased lipase activity in the duodenal digesta in B5 line (by 30.9 %, р  0.05) and B9 line (by 98.3 %, р  0.01), and protease activity in B5 line (by 36.4 %, р  0.05). The activity of lipase in B9 line was significantly (р  0.001) lower in compare to B5 line in the duodenal digesta (by 59.9 %) and in blood serum (by 48.3 %). Digestibility of dietary dry matter in males and females of B5 line was higher by 3.11 % in compare to B9 line, digestibility of fat higher by 2.95 %, nitrogen retention higher by 2.12 %. The taxonomic composition of duodenal microbiota in both lines is found to be affected by the dietary phytobiotic. In phytobiotic-treated birds the significant increases were found in the duodenal populations of certain polysaccharide-fermenting species (phylum Bacteroides , class Clostridiales ) and species with high antagonistic activity against avian pathogens ( Bifidobacterium spp., Bacillus spp . ).


Thirty years of disputation have popularized many conflicting myths about medical malpractice. But increasing stridency about liability reform has marginalized more important issues of patient safety. More constructive alternative reforms would better serve the interests of all health care patients and payers. [View the corresponding press release ]


International H2O Project (IHOP-2002)--The International H2O Project (IHOP-2002) will take place in west-central Oklahoma over 44 days, May 13-June 25, 2002. The main focus will be water vapor and its role in storm development and rainfall production, information needed to improve rainfall forecasting. Forecasting the amount and location of rainfall is difficult, particularly in the warm months, and improvements are urgently needed. Accurate prediction of floods would be very beneficial to society, because flooding is costly in terms of loss of life and property damage. Deaths resulting from flash flooding outnumber those from hurricanes, tornadoes, windstorms, or lightning, and damage due to flooding exceeds $5 billion annually. One measure of weather forecasting success is the accuracy of the Quantitative Precipitation Forecast (QPF), which predicts the amount of precipitation to be received at a certain location. One of the research goals of IHOP-2002 is to determine whether more accurate, detailed measurement of humidity will improve a computer model's ability to forecast rainfall amounts accurately. Current water vapor measurements are inadequate. The weather balloons (radiosondes) that gather most of the water vapor data used in today's weather and global climate models have three problems. First, the radiosonde stations are located too far apart, generating a grid of data that is too coarse to show the needed details in water vapor variability. Second, the radiosonde launches occur only every 12 hours, again providing too few data points for a highly variable parameter. Third, the radiosonde instrument has biases and inaccuracies in its measurements. Questionable data quality and data sets too coarse in both time and space make accurate forecasting difficult. The key to better, more accurate, higher-resolution water vapor measurements is dependable, ground-based sensors that operate continually and accurately. Such sensors will decrease dependence on sparsely spaced, costly weather balloon releases. IHOP-2002 will give researchers an active platform for testing and evaluating the capabilities and limitations of several water vapor measurement instruments. For example, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Technology Laboratory will be bringing a mini-DIAL (differential absorption lidar) to the SGP central facility for comparison with the SGP Raman lidar. Lidars send beams of laser light skyward and measure scattered light not absorbed by water molecules. The collection of IHOP-2002 instruments includes 2 fixed radars, 6 mobile radars, 2 airborne radars, 8 lidars (6 of which can sample water vapor), 1 advanced wind profiler, 2 sodars, 3 interferometers, 18 special surface stations, 800 radiosondes, 400 dropsondes, 1 tethersonde system, 52 global positioning system receivers, 3 profiling radiometers, 1 mobile profiling radiometer and wind profiler, and 5 water vapor radiometers. Six research aircraft will be deployed during the course of the field campaign. The aircraft will occasionally fly low-level tracks and will deploy dropsondes. A dropsonde resembles a radiosonde, an instrument package attached to a helium-filled balloon that rises into the atmosphere, but the dropsonde is released from an airplane and collects data on its way down to the ground. Finders of dropsondes are asked to follow the instructions on the package for returning the device to the researcher. Funding for IHOP-2002 is from many sources, including NOAA, the National Science Foundation, the National Center for Atmospheric Research, and the U.S. Department of Energy. Participation is worldwide, including researchers from Australia, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States.


The purpose of this thesis is to provide a police organization reform by OCB. OCB is a relatively new concept in the study of organizational behavior. According to Organ, OCB is defined as "individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization". This thesis is to develop an new instrument to measure the conceptualization of organizational citizenship behavior. Thus, Exploratory factor analysis and Confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to examine the measurement. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to 220 policemen. 22 questionnaires were excluded because of their inappropriate answers. Data were collected March 2000. As a result, 198 samples were used for statistical analyses. Statistical data analyses were conducted using the SPSS program 8.0 and Amos 3.61. I specified varimax rotation for the analysis and six factors met the selection criteria of eigenvalues greater than 1.0. Factor 1 contains 9 autonomy and faithfulness items. Factor 2 contains 5 creativity items. Factor 3 contains 14 cooperation items. Factor 4 contains 5 accountability and responsibility items. Factor 5 contains 5 sacrifice items. Factor 6 contains 2 critique items. For the purpose of reform for the 21C's police, policemen's autonomy, faithfulness, creativity, cooperation, accountability, responsibility, sacrifice, and critique behavior should be regarded as of great importance. Future research should examine when and under what conditions particular forms of OCB occur.


Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on translation in Czechoslovakia. Translation has had a great tradition in Czechoslovakia, from the earliest beginnings of Old Czech literature in the ninth century. Czechoslovakia is a country inhabited by two nations speaking cognate languages, the Czechs (9 million) and the Slovaks (434 million). The present range of translation activities in this country may be illustrated by a few statistical data. A sharper dividing line between translators of literary works and translators of scientific documents or interpreters is drawn in Czechoslovakia than in other European countries. Books are published by 45 publishing houses, the majority of which are not interested in translations. Translations are edited systematically to ensure expert handling of every detail. Out of 500 to 1000 persons who have had translations of fiction or poetry published in book form, only some 150 of the most experienced and talented ones have been accepted as members of The Translator' Section.


In this thesis, we develop and characterize a method that enables us to visualize the real microscopic contact area between objects, using fluorescent molecules. Visualization and the ability to predict the real contact area between touching objects is a subject of a considerable interest, because the real contact area plays an important role in friction. In this thesis, a method that enables us to visualize mechanical contacts by using fluorescent molecular rotors is described, and photophysical characterization of such molecules is examined in detail by means of steady-state, time-resolved fluorescence and transient spectroscopy techniques. To visualize the real contact area between solid surfaces, we developed a method based on fluorescent molecular rotors immobilized on a solid glass substrate. Fluorescent molecular rotors are weakly fluorescent in low-viscosity solvents, because internal rotational motions result in a rapid decay of the excited state, such that the emission of a fluorescence photon is not fast enough to compete effectively. In high viscosity liquids and polymer matrices, however, such motions become severely hindered. Therefore, the molecules can remain in the excited state much longer, and become strongly fluorescent. A similar situation arises when molecular rotors are confined in contacts between objects, and this effect can be imaged and used to measure the real contact area with fluorescence microscopy.


1Bhavana V. Hood M.Tech(VLSI) Student, Department of EXTC, BDCE, Sewagram, Maharashtra, India 2Professor, Department of EXTC, BDCE, Sewagram, Maharashtra, India 3Professor, Department of EXTC, BDCE, Sewagram, Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract The desired signal. Adaptive filters are having large range of applications as compare with other digital filters. Least mean square (LMS) algorithm is most popular and most commonly used on adaptive filtering for its simplicity, robustness, low hardware complexity and satisfactory convergence performance. Delayed LMS algorithm is a modified version or a variation in LMS algorithm suited in hardware implementation with performance degradation. To make this more achievable, this DLMS architecture is retimed to reduce the delay, speed, area and critical path and making it more responsive and less degradable. Analysis and design of LMS and DLMS algorithm is performed on MATLAB. RDLMS is implemented for 8 bit using Verilog code and the design of RDLMS is implemented by using Xilinx and ModelSIM software.


Abstract. Patterning process control has undergone major evolutions over the last few years. Critical dimension, focus, and overlay control require deep insight into process-variability understanding to be properly apprehended. Process setup is a complex engineering challenge. In the era of mid k1 lithography (>0.6), process windows were quite comfortable with respect to tool capabilities, therefore, some sources of variability were, if not ignored, at least considered as negligible. The low k1 patterning (<0.4) era has broken down this concept. For the most advanced nodes, engineers need to consider such a wide set of information that holistic processing is often mentioned as the way to handle the setup of the process and its variability. The main difficulty is to break down process-variability sources in detail and be aware that what could have been formerly negligible has become a very significant contributor requiring control down to a fraction of a nanometer. The scope of this article is to highlight that today, engineers have to zoom deeper into variability. Even though process tools have greatly improved their capabilities, diminishing process windows require more than tool-intrinsic optimization. Process control and variability compensations are major contributors to success. Some examples will be used to explain how complex the situation is and how interlinked processes are today.


A construction method of a pressure penetrating pipe pile is provided to penetrate a steel pipe pile without vibration and noise using a hydraulic jack set, to reduce the number of pile connections to the minimum, and to secure pile bearing capacity in construction without additional load test. A construction method of a pressure penetrating pipe pile comprises the steps of: boring a 230-mm pile hole for installing a steel pipe pile(5) and four 75-mm anchor bolt holes on a concrete foundation; inserting four 29-mm anchor bolts(4) to the anchor bolt holes and injecting fillers(7), and then curing; assembling high-strength 29-mm steel bars(11) by inserting couplers(10) to the anchor bolts, inserting a reverse hydraulic jack(23) to two facing steel bars, inserting an advance hydraulic jack set(25) to the four steel bars and inserting a steel pipe pile to the pile hole through a circular hole formed by four grips(15); penetrating the steel pipe pile by applying hydraulic pressure to an advance hydraulic jack(24) of the advance hydraulic jack set to hold the surface of the steel pipe pile with grips and pushing downward to reach the top of the foundation, and then releasing the hydraulic pressure of the advance hydraulic jack and applying hydraulic jack to the reverse hydraulic jack to make the grip slide and retreated repeatedly; and stopping penetrating the steel pipe pile if a gauge of the hydraulic jack indicates the appointed value, dismantling the advance hydraulic jack set and collecting the steel bar from the coupler, cutting out the steel pipe pile on the top of the foundation and filling up a space between the pile hole and the steel pipe pile with fillers if necessary, and assembling a bearing plate to the anchor bolts temporarily, welding the circumference of the steel pipe pile hole formed in the center of the bearing plate with the steel pipe pile, and then assembling nuts of the anchor bolts.


Nowadays, quality has become highly important, and many decisions regarding consumption are based on the degree of satisfaction obtained when experiencing products and services supplied by a business. For this reason, it is essential for the supply of such products (in the case of this research, educational services) not only to be of quality, but also to be capable of meeting consumer's expectations. For that reason, the authors want to explain how the quality of service and the expectations has a direct influence in the satisfaction levels of the consumers. Based on the above, a model is presented that attempts to explain how the various elements that are involved in the process of expectation disconfirmation affect consumer-based decisions. To contrast the model empirically, information was gathered from students of a Business School located in Alicante, Spain. To achieve this, a measuring instrument was developed and validated, with which 264 valid questionnaires were gathered. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS and EQS. The statistical method used to analyze data was the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The result obtained is the role and the direct effect that expectations and the quality of educational services play in the satisfaction levels obtained and in client loyalty.


Results: The study results included 89 patients with SEC. The mean age was 53.9 ± 14.3, with 67% males. The underlying cardiac condition were ischemic heart disease in 68%, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy in 19.3%, and rheumatic valvular heart disease in 12.5%. The most common comorbities were hypertension (54%), renal insufficiency (34%), and diabetes mellitus (34%). Nineteen percent of the patients were in atrial fibrillation. The location of the SEC was in the left ventricle in 90%. The mean ejection fraction was 34.8 ± 16.3% and the ejection fraction was < 35% in 64%. Eighty eight percent had segmental to global hypokinesia. The prevalence of cardio-embolic events was 10%, of which 9.0% presented as stroke, while only 1.0% presented with acute limb ischemia. Conclusion and Recommendations: SEC is an imaging phenomenon that is associated with LV dysfunction with 64% of the patients with an EF of ≤ 35%. The presence of SEC increases the occurrence of cardioembolic events in this population with a prevalence of 10% compared to the reported incidence of 1.8 - 2.4% incidence among patients with LV systolic dysfunction. Albeit in higher percentages, the most common co-morbid conditions are also the same risk factors that are independently associated with increased cardiovascular events. That is why the association of SEC with cardio-embolic events as well as its management, is still not well established, and recommendations on anticoagulation still depend on established clinical scoring. Further study that would associate the different characteristics and co-morbid conditions of patients with SEC to cardio-embolic event is in order.


This article examines how the problem of unfavourable treatment of pregnant workers has been dealt with in court decisions under the anti-discrimination provisions in the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 (Cth) and the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth), and under rights provided under the National Employment Standards (NES). We focus in particular on the loss of employment due to redundancy to highlight particular weaknesses in the anti-discrimination protections available under both statutes and in the interpretation by the courts of pregnancy-related discrimination. While these rights can be contrasted less favourably with rights provided under the NES, the return to work 'guarantee' after parental leave in the NES also appears to offer only limited protection where the pre-parental leave job is no longer available. We briefly canvass several options for reform that may make pregnancy-related discrimination protections more practically effective.


The nature of veterinary disease surveillance has changed with the changing nature of disease on dairy farms. Not many years ago, most veterinary attention was directed toward diseases with obvious clinical symptoms. Through advances in production agriculture many farms have minimized clinical syndromes associated with infectious and metabolic disease. The trend toward larger agricultural units and shrinking profit margins has encouraged veterinarians to shift from treatment of clinical disease toward optimizing productivity by reducing the prevalence of subclinical disease. This redirected emphasis has created diagnostic challenges. The beginning of an epidemic of clinical disease is usually readily apparent because of an unexpected increase in clinical disease to a level obviously greater than normal. The beginning of an epidemic of subclinical disease is usually not clearly defined. Verification of subclinical disease is often limited by a lack of records and no discernable beginni~g of the problem. It is complicated by numerous undocumented daily management changes. Determining cause and effect, and identification of the impact of proposed solutions is often based upon perception of the presence or absence of beneficial outcomes. It may be extremely difficult to answer simple but vital questions such as: 1) Which animals are affected? 2) Where are the affected animals housed? and 3) When did they become affected? Rather than depend upon the recognition of acute clinical symptoms, we are often forced to search for indirect indicators of disease such as the level of milk production, body condition score, reproductive success, somatic cell counts, or the presence of disease-specific indicators (such as serum antibodies). We use these indirect indicators to elicit clues regarding the temporal pattern and chronology of subclinical disease outbreaks. Subclinical acidosis and laminitis are among the most frustrating syndromes to investigate. Subclinical acidosis results in a number of vague clinical signs such as erratic appetite, weight loss, intermittent diarrhea and lameness. 11,12 The multifactorial etiology and lag between the initial metabolic insult and appearance of recognizable clinical signs often make identification of


Objective To introduce a minimally inva sive procedure for correction of pectus excavatum in children. Methods Forty-seven children with pectus excavatum under went a new minimally invasive correction procedure in the Department of Pediatri c Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University between June 2002 and April 2005. Results The cosmetic results of 47 children with pectus e xcavatum corrected with the new minimally invasive procedure were satisfactory a t the completion of the operations. Forty-two of 47 cases were followed up for 3 to 35 months. Among them 38 had perfect thoracic appearance with increased exer cise tolerance and improved psychological status. Four of 42 children had variou s degrees of recurrence but the thoracic appearances were better than before. Conclusions The minimally invasive procedure for correcti on of pectus excavatum is safe. There was no severe complication.


Purpose
This paper aims to examine the different impacts of six variables on firm technological innovation performance in different high-tech industries in China. Through a comparative analysis of data about growth enterprises market board (GEM)-listed companies, this study attempts to get some conclusions, to help firms in different high-tech industries use resources more rationally and to improve technological innovation performance more effectively.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper constructs semi-parametric models based on the relevant data of GEM-listed companies during 2010 to 2015 for different high-tech industries. These models can ensure that the influencing factors of firm technological innovation performance are no longer restricted to a particular aspect but can provide a comprehensive comparative analysis of the effects of factors on firm technological innovation performance in different high-tech industries.

Findings
The empirical results show that R&D expenditures have a significant positive impact on firm technological innovation performance in most high-tech industries, but not in electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industry; R&D personnel investment and government subsidies have significant positive impacts on firm technological innovation performance in knowledge-oriented industries; technology diversity has a significant positive impact on firm technological innovation performance in technology-oriented industries; the proportion of exports shows an inverted U-shaped relationship with firm technological innovation performance in electronic and communication equipment manufacturing industry, while firm size shows an inverted U-shaped relationship with firm technological innovation performance in general equipment manufacturing industry; and the effect of semi-parametric model fit is superior to the general parameters model.

Originality/value
Drawing on the resource dependence perspective, this paper is the first to consider a comprehensive treatment of differential effects of internal resources (R&D personnel, R&D expenditure), external resources (government subsides) and firm characteristics (firm size, export ratio) on firm technological innovation performance in different high-tech industries in an emerging country, in particular in contrast to previous studies that have focused on a single industry or taken the type of industry as a control variable. In addition, most studies about the determinants of firm innovation performance are based on survey questionnaires, which may introduce large subjective errors. Setting the relationship between variables in advance may also introduce fit error when using a general-parameter model. Semi-parametric regression which is used in this paper is able to prevent this shortcoming effectively. When constructing a regression model, this can be exempted from the formal constraints, thus estimating data more accurately and ensuring superior fit.


The aim of this study was to explore social workers' experiences of their client relationships. More specifically we wanted to explore in which way the social workers experience that their position of power affect them in the client meetings and in what way they experience that the organization, both direct and indirect, affect the development of a good client relationsships. The method chosen for this study was qualitative interviews with five different social workers in a single municipality in the region of Skane. In analysing our results we applied Martin Buber's theory of the two dimensional relationship, Roine Johansson's view on Michael Lipsky's theory of street-level bureaucracy and Greta Skaus definition of the concept of "power" in order to illustrate the social workers' experiences and constructions of the meetings with clients both in terms of personal and organisational factors. This study found out that despite the highly different views and values regarding the meeting with clients and the development of good client relationships, social workers which meet clients on a daily basis all focus on the individual need of every client in order to act in which way is best for that certain client. The attempt of this study is therefore to present the importance of social work professionals understanding the meaning of differentiating between what is a professional and what is a personal approach in the client meeting along with what role the organization plays in the client meeting. (Less)


The structure of molten CuCl, CuI and their mixtures (CuCl)x(CuI)1−x with x = 0.294, 0.576, 0.801 was studied by using neutron diffraction. The results are discussed by reference to the information that is available on the structure of CuCl and CuI from experiment, theory and computer simulation. The comparison points to a need for more realistic models for the CuCl–CuI system which should take into account the presence of chemical bonds that have been found in CuI by the application of ab initio molecular dynamics methods.


A wealth of information exists about the health consequences of human exposure Important epidemiological studies of humans exposed to radiation are listed in Table 11. It is from these epidemiological studies that radiation risks are identified and quantified in humans.


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Insight from David Tuveson (left) and Kanti Rai (right)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of B lymphocytes. It has an extremely variable clinical course. Some patients have a rather indolent course, whereas others are known to have a


OF THESIS EVALUATION OF RHODOCOCCUS EQUI SUSCEPTIBILITY TO SILVER NANOPARTICLE ANTIMICROBIALS Rhodococcus equi is a significant cause of pneumonia in foals and immunocompromised humans. Antimicrobial resistance among R. equi isolates has developed as a consequence of inappropriate stewardship and bacterial evolution, leading to an increased rate of treatment failures that typically result in foal fatality. In the current study, we evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial silver nanoparticle (AgNP) complexes in controlling R. equi growth. Previous studies characterizing AgNP-induced antibacterial effects in other Gram-positive pathogens led us to hypothesize that silver nanoparticle antimicrobials impact R. equi viability and intracellular replication. We therefore investigated the effect of silver nanoparticle complexes on R. equi growth; assessed whether silver nanoparticle complexes prevent intracellular replication of R. equi; and evaluated the safety of silver nanoparticles in host cells. The results presented here demonstrate that silver nanoparticle complexes exhibit bactericidal activity against R. equi. However, AgNP effective concentrations also induced rapid apoptosis and secondary necrosis of macrophage-like cells and equine pulmonary endothelial cells, suggesting multiple mechanisms of cytotoxicity. Overall, this study demonstrates that while silver nanoparticle-based therapeutics can effectively control R. equi proliferation, application of AgNP complexes as a treatment strategy for controlling rhodococcal disease may be limited by adverse host cellular effects.


Link adaptive relaying (LAR) is one of the most popular techniques which employs soft power scaling approaches at the relay nodes. On the other. Buffer-aided relaying is a new paradigm for wireless cooperative networks. Buffer-Aided Relaying With Adaptive Link Selection – Fixed and Mixed Rate. A wireless relay is a codecadaptive RF receiver with single channel relay. It helps easily deployment of wireless AC control for electrical appliances. Max 30. Power Adaptive Network Coding for a Non Orthogonal Multiple Access Relay Channel +91. Adaptive Relaying >>>CLICK HERE<<< In the proposed delay-tolerant DSTC scheme, an adjustable code matrix is employed to transform the space-time coded matrices at the relay nodes. Stochastic. Adaptive overcurrent relay for the rural Agricultural feeder. Based on Niranthara Jyothi Yojana. Harish.K, Navneeth C V, Sunil Fernandes, Dr. Srivani S.G. These schemes exploit an adaptive guard interval (GI) technique to cover the Extending the adaptive GI scheme to multiple-relay systems, we propose a relay. The impact of relay placement on diversity order in adaptive selective decode-and-forward (DF) cooperative strategies is here investigated in the context. This paper enhances the conventional scaled selection combiner (SSC) for decode-and-forward (DF) relay networks using adaptive M-ary quadrature amplitude. Medium access with adaptive relay selection in cooperative wireless networks We specify and evaluate a protocol for cooperative relay communications. Official Full-Text Publication: A New Method for Adaptive Distance Relay Setting in the Presence of SSSC using Neural Networks on ResearchGate,. Abstract—A two-phase spatiotemporal adaptive transmission and spectrum sharing scheme, multiple SU pairs participate in the data relaying, and share. In this work, we address the transmission rate enhancement issue via adaptive relaying in wireless networks. For a given transmitting power level and a desired. In (9), an adaptive relaying method selection scheme was developed for multi-rate wireless networks, but without considering the deadline constraints of packets. simulations show that, due to the adaptive power allocation employed, the outage


This article considers how popular devotion to one specific angel developed into a more general belief in angelic intervention, through an examination of the iconography associated with the Archangel Raphael in sixteenth-century Venice.


The details of the temperature dependent intensity and linewidth of zero‐phonon bands in molecular crystal absorption and emission spectra are considered in relation to the line shape functions observed in thermal modulation spectra. Theory suggests and experiment confirms that in the limit of the Condon and adiabatic approximations for linear electron–phonon coupling, the extraordinary temperature dependence of zero‐phonon bands may be utilized to separate them from diffuse background absorption or emission. Qualitative consideration of line broadening from quadratic electron–phonon coupling utilizing a configuration coordinate model suggests that even when these terms dominate the linear interaction, increased resolution may be obtained in a thermal modulation spectrum. The theoretical considerations are illustrated with several experimental examples and some applications of the technique are discussed.


An emergent market trend during the past decade, modular line array systems are now being used for a wide variety of sound reinforcement applications. Variously referred to as line arrays, line-source arrays, curved arrays, curvi-linear arrays or vertical arrays, such articulating line array systems can offer performance results in the field that vary as widely as the applications to which they are applied. Regardless of the terminology used to describe the genre, such systems do typically provide relatively narrow vertical coverage patterns and increased apparent gain at distance when compared to more traditional, fan-shaped arrays. These acoustical characteristics can be used to great benefit when the system is properly configured. At the same time, this class of device can present unique acoustical challenges for field deployment. Some of these challenges are influenced by the mechanical design of the individual modular line-array element and its suspension hardware. For instance, the size and shape of the individual enclosure, its acoustical capabilities, and the limitations of its suspension methods have a direct influence on what can, and cannot, be achieved when combining multiple elements in an arrayed system. With such systems, not only the high frequency section, but the entire full-range system performance must be considered. To this end, relative merits of individual enclosure design attributes that influence overall system performance are discussed. The availability of objective information regarding the usefulness of such systems when deployed in the field has not kept pace with the proliferation of commercially available product. However, information systems, including application notes and predictive software tools, are evolving to enable system users to reliably predict system array setup, projected coverage patterns, and average level in various parts of the intended audience area. A case-study approach is used to examine the practical aspects of deploying this type of sound reinforcement systems in performance spaces, and to review various design trade-offs encountered when using them in different venue types. While not a panacea, and not always suitable as a stand-alone sound reinforcement solution, it is shown that carefully-designed modular line array systems can be effectively deployed in both small and large venues if system limitations as well as advantages are understood.