Spreadsheet cells contain data but also may contain formulas that refer to data from other cells, perform operations on them, and render the results directly to show it to the user. In order to understand the structure of spreadsheets, one needs to understand the formulas that control cell-to-cell dataflow. Understanding this cell-to-cell inter-relation or dependence tracing is easier done in visual manners and therefore quite a few techniques have been proposed over the years. This paper aims to report the results of an investigative study of such techniques. The study is a first step of an attempt to evaluate the relevance of these techniques from the point of view of their benefits and effectiveness in the context of real world spreadsheet users. Results obtained from such a study will have the potential for motivating the conception of newer and better techniques, in case it is found that the need for them is still not fully catered.


HCB (hexachlorobenzene) is a persistent organic pollutant still detected in marine environments and organisms. The ability of the estuarine clam Mytella guyanensis to take up 14C-HCB from the sediment and to retain the contaminant within its tissues was studied in estuarine experimental microcosms. The sediment, water and soft tissues of the clams were periodically sampled and analyzed for their radiocarbon, HCB and lipid contents. Although most of the radioactivity remained in the sediment, some was found dissolved in the water, and 14C-HCB residues increased in the clam tissues with time of exposure to the HCB-spiked sediment. Further to its bioaccumulation, HCB was distributed within the mussel tissues as extractable and bound residues, which remained associated to the soft tissues even after restoration of uncontaminated conditions. Although M. guyanensis lives and feeds buried into the sediment, HCB uptake in the mussel was strongly influenced by the levels of HCB occurring in the water column. Level...


Objective To clone full length cDNA of humam Interleukin 29 (IL 29) and express it in E.coli. Methods Total RNA was isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected by VSV. IL 29 cDNA were amplified using one step RT PCR. The expression plasimd pET28a(+) IL29 was constructed by inserting IL 29 cDNA into pET28a(+)and then was transformed into BL21(DE3). Expression of hIL 29 was induced by IPTG at 37℃for 5 h. The target protein was purified through Ni2+ chelating Sepharose Fast Flow. Purified rhIL 29 was used to immune rabbits and to obtain the multiclonal antibody of IL 29. Results IL 29 was cloned and expressed in the form of insoluble inclusion body in E.coli successfully. SDS PAGE analysis showed the Mr is about 23 000. The multiclonal antibody of IL 29 specifically reacts to the IL 29. Conclusion The rhIL 29 and the multiclonal antibody of IL 29 were obtained,which lays a foundation for study of its function.


(51) Int. Cl. H04756/00 (2006.01) H04L 2/28 (2006.01) (52) U.S. Cl. CPC ......... H04W 56/0025 (2013.01); H04L 12/283 (2013.01); H04L 2012/2841 (2013.01) (57) ABSTRACT A method operates at least one apparatus that is arranged in a building. The method involves producing a wireless connec tion between a communication unit of a motor Vehicle and the apparatus, transmitting to the apparatus in a wireless manner by the communication unit data that define an operating mode of the apparatus, and operating the apparatus in dependence upon the data that are transmitted to the apparatus. The data are provided and synchronized with one another both by a central data processing device as well as by the communica tion unit. A control system can be used with the method.


Four development decades have passed since the early 1950s. During that period we have become masters in the art of underdevelopment: at the levels of experts, institutions, governments and donors. Underdevelopment in large parts of the world has been expertly prepared, government-made and donorsupported. Of course, there are exceptional cases of successful development. Yet by treating them as such, there is little to be learned from them. We are now rich in experience and hope to have learned from it – like the proverbial banker who invariably gains from making a loan: either in monetary terms, when the loan is paid back, or in experience, when it is not.


Consider a simple random walk on a connected graph G = (V; E). Let C(u; v) be the expected time taken for the walk starting at vertex u to reach vertex v and then go back to u again, i.e. the commute time for u and v, and


Abbreviations used in the index CCrP (Criminal Procedure Code 2001 (Russia)) CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979)) CERD (UN Committee/Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (1965)) CFR (Charter of Fundamental Rights) CFSP (Common Foreign and Security Policy) CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) CJEC (Court of Justice of the European Communities) CJEU (Court of Justice of the European Union) CoE (Council of Europe/Council of Europe Statute) DA (EU–ECHR draft accession agreement (10 June 2013)) ECHR (European Convention on Human Rights (1950)) ECJ (European Court of Justice/ECJ Statute) ECtHR (European Court of Human Rights) France et al. (France, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Netherlands v. Turkey) GC (1948)/GC (Genocide Convention (1948)) GC (1949) (Geneva Conventions (1949)) GSSR (Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic) ICCPR (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)) ICJ (International Court of Justice/ICJ Statute) JCC (Joint Control Commission (Sochi Agreement)) OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe) PCIJ (Permanent Court of International Justice/PCIJ Statute) ROC (Rules of Court) TEU (Lisbon Treaty on the European Union (2007)) TFEU (Lisbon Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (2007)) UNC (United Nations Charter (1945)) UNOMIG (UN Observer Mission in Georgia) UNSCR (United Nations Security Council Resolution) VCLT (Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (1969)) VCSST (Vienna Convention on Succession of States in respect of Treaties (1978)) Abkhazia: see Georgia v. Russia (CERD) (Preliminary Objections); Georgia v. Russia (CERD) (Provisional Measures); Georgia v. Russia (No 2) (ECtHR) (admissibility) administrative practice, evidence of: see evidence (ECtHR), burden/standard of proof, administrative practice giving rise to alleged breach administrative practice incompatible with ECHR definition/elements of accumulation of identical or analogous breaches amounting to a pattern or system 398-401 repetition of act/official tolerance 397-8, 450-1, 518


This paper examines the relationship between modern theories of microeconomics and macroeconomics and, more generally, it evaluates the prospects of theoretically reducing macroeconomics to microeconomics. Many economists have shown strong interest in providing "microfoundations" for macroeconomics and much of their work is germane to the issue of theoretical reduction. Especially relevant is the work that has been done on what is called The Problem of Aggregation. On some accounts, The Problem of Aggregation just is the problem of reducing macroeconomics to microeconomics. I show how to separate these problems and then try to determine to what extent particular kinds of solutions to The Problem of Aggregation succeed in reducing macroeconomics to microeconomics as well. I argue that reduction is not possible by this means given the current state of microeconomics. I also describe how reduction may be possible by means of (dis)aggregation if microeconomics is supplemented in a certain way with the results of experimental research on individual economic agents.


raja and Allah. Only later, in the postwar period, would the reform movement manage to extend its appeal to the larger urban middle class, where it remains powerful today. Nakamura's deft mixture of ethnographic and historical analysis helps to refute certain stereotypes of reform Islam in Java. His analysis is less certain, however, when he turns to the syncretic or abangan community, and characterizes its organization as inegalitarian and unprogressive, as opposed to the qualities of "independence and self-sufficiency" consistently demonstrated by fundamentalist Muslims. The comparison raises important questions, but at such a level of generality risks imposing the same deadening uniformity on the syncretic community as has all too often been applied to the orthodox. Nakamura's analysis is more intriguing where he touches on the above-mentioned question: Whither modern Javanese culture? The author hints that reformist Islam is likely to be increasingly influential in Java. His discussion of the Muhammadiyah demonstrates that throughout the independence period the Muslim community has succeeded in building social and educational institutions of impressive breadth. These are, without question, changing the face of popular Java. At times, we might note, this impressive accomplishment has been obscured by more publicized setbacks in the political arena. But Nakamura's descriptions suggest that a less visible change is also occurring in Javanese society, in the long run favorable to Islamic reform.


This essay addresses the poetics of Harryette Mullen, an awarded African-American female poet whose work questions the boundaries that shape the expectations for accessible intelligibility in African-American literature. Mullen's poems skirt the edges of intelligibility by going beyond the expectations for a visible/intelligible form of language that would embrace the experience of blackness. I argue that writing in Mullen's poetry works as process of miscegenation by playing on the illegibility of blackness, beyond a visible line of distinction between what is or should be considered part of blackness itself, which engages new forms of reflection on poetry as a politically meaningful tool for rethinking the role of the black (female) poet within the black diaspora.


Aim. The mainstays for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are lifestyle intervention with the aim of significant weight loss alongside aggressive cardiovascular risk reduction. NAFLD is tightly associated with both obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In people with T2D, glucose lowering agents that promote weight loss have shown a beneficial impact on NAFLD based on histological features. However, it remains unclear as to whether glucose lowering can improve NALFD in patients with T2D, independent of weight loss. Methods. In a consecutively recruited population of 637 patients with T2D with HbA1c levels above treatment targets, DPP-IV inhibition, GLP-1RA therapy or SGLT2 inhibition was initiated, alongside lifestyle education with maintenance of exiting background glucose lowering treatment. We examined the longitudinal impact of the optimization of glycaemic control on fatty liver index (FLI) and Fibrosis score 4 (Fib-4) adjusting for changes in BMI and choice of glucose lowering regimen over a 12-month period. Results. Change in HbA1c and change in FLI correlated significantly in a linear regression analysis after adjustment for change in BMI, age, sex, and drug class (R=0.467, p=0.031). The greatest reduction in FLI was observed in patients with the largest reduction in HbA1c (p<0.0001). The probability of improvements in FLI with optimization of glycaemic control was similar with all 3 glucose lowering agents, despite differences in weight reduction. Similar relationships were observed examining the changes in glycaemic control and Fib-4. Conclusions. Significant reductions of HbA1c are associated with improvement in NAFLD independently from weight loss. These results suggest a prominent role for the optimization of glucose control in the management of coexistent NAFLD and T2D, especially in the 'lean' NAFLD and where significant weight loss may not be achieved.


Dear Dr. Bedrossian: We thank Drs. Sironi et al. for their comments and welcome the opportunity to reply. Our experience in diagnosing metastatic mammary tumors, including renal-cell carcinoma, by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) 1 was similar to that of Drs. Sironi et al., who described 3 additional cases of metastatic tumors to the breast diagnosed by FNA. FNA is a reliable diagnostic procedure in the management of patients presenting with a breast mass. It is critical to differentiate a secondary lesion from a primary breast carcinoma, because unnecessary surgery can be avoided and appropriate chemotherapy or radiation therapy can be ensured. A metastatic lesion should be suspected if the clinical, radiologic, and cytologic findings are not typical of a primary breast carcinoma.


The envelope-function description of short-period Al x Ga 1 - x As-based superlattices (SL's), taking into account the elastic Γ-X intervalley transfer by introducing an additional δ-functional scattering potential at each well/barrier heterointerface, is extended to study the surface electronic structure of a terminated GaAs/AlAs SL. Modification of the energy spectrum and the localization properties of SL surface states with respect to previous single-band treatments is clearly indicated, and identified as a result of the r-X interband coupling.


<http://kritikakultura.ateneo.net> About the Author Francezca Kwe teaches creative writing full-time at the University of the Philippines Diliman. She has received the Carlos Palanca Memorial Award for Literature and the Nick Joaquin Literary Award for her work, and her fiction has been published in the literary anthologies Maximum Volume, A Hoard of Thunder: Philippine Short Stories in English Volume II, A Different Voice: Fiction by Young Filipino Writers, Philippine Speculative Fiction I, and others, and in national publications and magazines. She received her bachelor's degree in journalism from the University of Santo Tomas, Manila, and her master's degree in creative writing from the University of the Philippines DAys of RAin


Although the problems of disease associated with slum living in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries have largely been eradicated in London, there are still a significant number of homes with health and safety hazards. The research estimated that some 15% of London's households are deemed to be 'poor housing'. It found that reducing the worst hazards of poor housing in London would save the NHS about £56 million per year.


Algorithms to increase energy consumption efficiency by using batteries in merchant ships are being studied. The types of generators used in merchant ships include diesel generators, dual fuel generators, and variable speed generators. The combination of sources targeted in this study is a hybrid source in which a diesel generator and a battery are linked. The use of batteries should configure the algorithm to have stability and efficiency of the ship's power supply. The proposed algorithm consists of 1) following the load usage range on board, 2) deriving a factor considering the battery power conversion efficiency, 3) classifying the load cases by each factor, and 4) determining the battery status for each case. The algorithm was simulated using the power usage data used in the actual ship, and the stability and efficiency of the algorithm were evaluated. As a result, the proposed algorithm can reduce the capacity of the generator and reduce fuel consumption by about 170 tons per year.


A new highly accurate and detailed intermolecular potential surface for Ar–H2O is derived by a direct nonlinear least squares fit to 37 far infrared, infrared, and microwave spectroscopic measurements. The new potential (denoted AW2) gives a much better description of the strong radial dependence of the anisotropic forces and of the binding energy than its predecessor, the AW1 surface [Cohen and Saykally, J. Phys. Chem. 94, 7991 (1990)]. The global minimum on the AW2 potential (De=142.98 cm−1) occurs at the position R=3.636 A, θ=74.3°, and φ=0°. At these coordinates the argon is located in the monomer plane between the perpendicular to the C2 axis (θ=90°) and the hydrogen bonded geometry (θ=55°). This orientation of the minimum is opposite of that found in recent ab initio calculations of Bulski et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 94, 8097 (1991)] and Chalisinski et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 94, 2807 (1991)]. Both sets of authors find a minimum at an antihydrogen bonded geometry corresponding to an orientation Ar–OH (θ=125°).


Problems in the degradation and biodegradation of cultural heritage objects exposed or stored in public buildings and museums and of construction materials are caused (between others) by the activity of microorganisms. Biodeterioration can be observed not only at the level of the building materials of museum buildings, but also at the level of materials from which art objects are made (natural or artificial) and is determined by factors such as the chemical composition and nature of the composition material, the microclimate characteristics and exposure objects, but also through the manner and frequency of surface cleaning and housekeeping in museums. Based on this, the present study offers, through classical methods, a qualitative and quantitative identification of microorganisms inside a heritage museum building located in a temperate climate country. The purpose of the work was to determine to what extent the bacteriological microflora inside can directly and indirectly contribute to the health quality of the building's occupants as well as the degradation of its materials and structures. The results emphasize the presence of some fungi and bacteria, among them Alternaria spp., Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Cladosporium spp., and Botrytis spp. All of the analyzed rooms have a high and very high degree of fungal contamination (between 524 and 3674 UFC/m3), which can represent a danger to both human health and the integrity of the exhibitions. This is more pronounced considering that some of species of fungi identified are associated with sick building syndrome, problems in humans due to harmful exposure to viruses, bacteria, and pathogens, which generate possible symptoms such as rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, hoarseness, coughing, sneezing, and irritability for the personnel and visitors.


Rats were fed rations consisting of white bread (made without milk or butter) either alone or with only one other article of food. Later, ground whole wheat was substituted for white bread in several cases. In preliminary experiments with animals placed upon the experimental rations at the time of weaning, bread alone resulted in cessation of growth at once and death after about six weeks. With bread and meat there was some growth at first, but the survival period was only slightly longer than with bread alone; with bread and apple there was no growth, but the survival period was considerably longer; with bread and turnip there was continuous slow growth; with bread and milk there was continuous growth at a normal rate. In this case the bread and milk ration consisted of equal weights of fresh bread and market milk, making a food mixture in which the white bread furnished four fifths and the milk one fifth of the total calories. On this ration young rats of both sexes (taken at weaning time from mothers which were receiving mixed food) made normal growth and the males were capable of normal reproduction but the females usually failed to breed and none of them raised any young. On a ration containing the same proportion of milk (about one fifth of the total calories) but with whole wheat instead of white read or patent flour, young were successfully suckled (though at the cost of considerable loss of weight on the part of the mother) and are growing at somewhat less than the average rate. When about two fifths of the total calories were supplied by milk and the rest by whole wheat, the mother has suckled the young without undue loss of weight and the young have made a fully normal rate of growth.


Objective: Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) has advanced for patients who receive it quickly, yet not all do'. Computer technology can provide educational programs reducing delays in receiving treatment if based on an understanding of lay people's reasoning about health, illness, AMI, and technology. In order to design educational programs that will achieve desired changes in lay behavior, a better understanding of lay knowledge and reasoning is needed2. We therefore examined lay conceptualizations of health and illness, how these conceptualizations are translated into action, and knowledge sources about health and illness. Methods: Subjects: Three groups of subjects were drawn from: 1) patients at risk for AMI, 2) patients with illnesses other than cardiac, and 3) lay people identified as healthy. Procedure: Semi-structured interviews were conducted focusing on lay reasoning about health and illness, particularly AMI. Scenarios were developed describing varying levels of gravity requiring different levels of urgency of action, and subjects were instructed to think aloud as they reasoned through the problems. All interviews were audio recorded for subsequent analysis. Analysis: Specific concepts were identified in the verbally generated protocols based on coding categories developed from the literature and our own research3. Findings: (1) Health is predominantly described as feeling well and able to carry out daily activities independently while illness is perceived as a reduction in that ability. Healthy subjects put more emphasis on absence of illness and symptoms in their descriptions of what it means to be healthy compared with subjects with illness. (2) The major source of health-related information reported by subjects was their physician, with friends, family, the media, and the Internet being represented as well. Healthy subjects relied less on physicians and more on informal sources, including technology. (3) Knowledge about disease: All three groups of subjects identified some symptoms of AMI, i.e. chest pain and dyspnea, but were less able to identify other symptoms. None could identify all or even most symptoms. (4) When confronted with these symptoms in scenarios, the most frequent response by each group of subjects was to access emergency services, which was appropriate to the gravity of the situation. Both groups of subjects with illness also responded by contacting family members or friends. Conclusions: Differences between the health and illness models of healthy subjects compared with those who have had experience with illness suggests that experience molds those models, with the understanding of wellness in particular developing through …


Much of the recent literature about political knowledge and public opinion concludes that the low information levels of the American public are benign to the workings of democracy. However, this study finds that the information resources possessed by rival publics are critical determinants of how loudly their preferences are voiced in policy‐oriented survey questions. Ill‐informed respondents tend to select "no opinion" more frequently and, when they provide responses, answer more randomly than the well informed. Because of this, numerically small publics who have large proportions of well‐informed constituents can significantly influence the frequency marginals of information‐dependent questions. As informed persons also tend to be affluent, respondents from higher income groups can act as "informed minorities" that cause opinion marginals to overstate the magnitude of economically conservative opinion in a population.


We report the observation of relaxation oscillations in both the C13H 3 F and C12H 3 F optically pumped lasers. Expressions are derived for the oscillation frequency and its temperature and pressure dependences using a four-level rate equation model. We observe excellent agreement between measured frequencies and the theory presented. Models are considered for using this phenomenon to determine the rotational and vibrational relaxation mechanisms of the laser gases.


The primary aim of the present study is to explore the relationship between derivation levels and neural patterns by investigating how level 1 and level 2 derivational forms are processed in the brain using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) technology. During an auditory discrimination task, more of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) were involved in the perception of level 2 words relative to level 1 words, with none of the areas activated for the level 1 vs. level 2 contrast although the left STG was activated for the level 1 vs. nonspeech comparison. These results show that level 2 words are perceived through a morphological/rule-based analysis of their stem + affix structure, whereas level 1 words are stored and retrieved as a whole, consistent with the "dual-system" (DS) theory postulating two distinct systems in charge of the perception of regular and irregular inflections. Additionally, the contrast analysis of each speech condition relative to nonspeech baseline elicits stronger effects in the left posterior STG, the left premotor area, the left supramarginal gyrus, and the bilateral middle temporal gyrus, which confirms a common speech perception network as revealed by previous neuroimaging studies on speech perception.


To improve the running speed of the high-Tc superconductor (HTS) maglev system, a circular test track system with the maglev vehicle suspending beside the permanent magnetic guideway (PMG) is studied. A test to determine the change in guidance force when a YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) bulk gets close to and off the center of the PMG is carried out and the curve of relation between levitation gap and vertical eccentric displacement of the YBCO bulk under constant guidance force is obtained. The results show that eccentric motion in the vertical direction may occur during free side-suspended operation of the maglev vehicle in the circular track, which leads to a reduction in levitation gap and an increase in vertical eccentric displacement, decaying and enhancing the guidance force, respectively. Eccentric motion can be effectively restrained by reducing the field cooling height and the weight of the maglev vehicle to improve the running stability of the maglev vehicle. Finally, a circular test track 6.5 m in diameter and 20.4 m in length and a prototype vehicle are designed and constructed on the basis of the side-suspended HTS maglev system.


In the active circuit design it is necessary to consider the designed filter features of the number of elements, element value spread, element sensitivities, and the circuit structure. For example, the desirable circuit structure of the operational transconductance amplifier-C (OTA-C) filter is that all the elements are of equal or near equal value and all the capacitors are grounded. Thus, it is important for the filter design to find the useful method to derive such a desirable equivalent structure. This paper describes the necessary and sufficient condition and a practical procedure to derive an equivalent form from a general active RC circuit or a general LCR circuit. The design examples deriving equivalent voltage controlled current source (VCCS)-C or VCCS-RC circuits from the third-order low-pass LC filter are demonstrated. By this technique it is possible to derive the suitable equivalent circuit for the implementation.


In the industry field,we often need to collect real-time data and display it in the software. This paper mainly introduces using the VC ++ 6. 0 programming to realize dynamic driven real-time curve without flicker by double buffering technology on the static text control of the dialog based box.


Lung cancer tends to be detected at an advanced stage, resulting in a high patient mortality rate. Thus, recent research has focused on early disease detection. Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) is an effective noninvasive way of detecting early manifestations of lung cancer. Unfortunately, manual inspection of AFB video is extremely tedious and error-prone, while limited effort has been expended toward potentially more robust automatic AFB lesion analysis. We propose a real-time deep-learning architecture dubbed ESFPNet for accurate segmentation and robust detection of bronchial lesions in an AFB video stream. Our approach gives the best segmentation results (mDice = 0.756, mIoU=0.624) on our AFB dataset among recent architectures. Moreover, our model shows promising potential applicability to other domains, as evidenced by its state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on the CVC-ClinicDB,ETIS-LaribPolypDB datasets, and superior performance on the Kvasir, CVC-ColonDB datasets.


In this paper we extend well-known results concerning the algebraic limits and deformations of groups of hyperbolic isometries of hyperbolic 3-space, H 3 , to negatively curved groups. For us these will be groups of isometries of variable negative curvature metrics satisfying a pinching condition and in particular will include the R-rank one Lie groups. We accomplish these goals, as in the hyperbolic case, by producing a version of Jorgensen's inequality for such groups. Using an appropriate normalisation we can consider algebraic limits and deformations of such groups in the homeomorphism group of the n-ball, Hom(B n ). We ask that the generators of each group move continuously or some sequence of generators have limits in Hom(B n ), but there is no such restriction on the associated negatively curved metrics


In order to investigate the effects of drought stress levels on seed germination and its related traits with drought stress indices, an experiment was conducted in two sparate phases with 40 wheat genotypes under field and laboratory condition for germination stages with 4 level of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations. The experimental design was factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The measured traits were radicle length, stem length, radicle length to shoot length ratio, germination rate and germination percentage. The experiment in the filed stage was conducted with 3 replications under both normal and drought stress condition. Result of the laboratory experiment indicated that effects of stress on traits were significant. Also different between genotypes were significant. The highest germination rate and percentage was measured under normal condition with 4.22 days and 79.9% respectively. Moderate level of stress (-3 bar) of drought stress had no significant effect on radical, coleoptile, stem length and dry weight, but reduced the germination rate significantly. In high level of drought stress (-6 bars) all traits were decreased significantly expect radicle length and radicle length to shoot length ratio. In control condition, positive significant correlation was observed between all traits measured in (-6 bars) under laboratory condition, with grain yield and drought tolerance indices. But in slight (-3 bars) and severe stress dry weight and radicle length had positive significant correlation with grain yield. Grain yield of genotypes showed significant differences under field study in both normal and stress condition. Results of correlation between grain yield and drought stress indices showed that stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) were suitable for the genotypes identification with highest seed yield in both normal and stress conditions according to correlation coefficients between seed and its related traits and grain yield such as correlation coefficients between drought stress indices and grain yield in both normal and stress conditions, revealed that the genotypes number 39 (WS-82-9), 38 (DN-11), 22 (mbul/Alamo/M-73-18) and 25 (Alvd/Aldan/las/3--) were determined as the most tolerant and number 5 (Gasspard) and 40 (Mahdavi) were detected as the most susceptible cultivars for drought stress.


The safety and efficacy of botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) treatments are well established, but injection techniques, target muscles, and toxin doses continue to evolve, with each refinement producing improvements in treatment outcomes. The recommendations in this consensus move away from standard templates and illustrate how to tailor treatments to individual patterns and strengths of muscle activity, and patient preferences.


We consider the recently introduced mimetic gravity, which is a Weyl-symmetric extension of the General Relativity and which can play a role of an imperfect fluid-like Dark Matter with a small sound speed. In this paper we discuss in details how this higher- derivative scalar-tensor theory goes beyond the construction by Horndeski, keeping only one scalar degree of freedom on top of two standard graviton polarizations. In particular, we consider representations of the theory in dierent sets of Weyl-invariant variables and connect this framework to the singular Brans-Dicke theory. Further, we find solution of equations of motion for the mimetic gravity in the synchronous reference frame in a general curved spacetime. This solution is exact in the test-field approximation or in the case of a shear-free spacetime without any other matter.


In vitro homotypic fusion of yeast vacuoles occurs in three stages: priming, the Sec18 (NSF)‐mediated changes that precede vacuole association; docking, the Ypt7 and SNARE‐mediated pairing of vacuoles; and fusion, mediated by calmodulin/V0/t‐SNARE interactions. Defects in catalysts of each stage result in fragmented (unfused) vacuoles. Strains with deletions in any of ERG genes 3–6, lacking normal ergosterol biosynthesis, have fragmented vacuoles. The ergosterol ligands filipin, nystatin and amphotericin B block the in vitro fusion of vacuoles from wild‐type cells. Each of these inhibitors acts at the priming stage to inhibit Sec17p release from vacuoles. A reversible delay in Sec18p action prevents vacuoles from acquiring resistance to any of these three drugs, confirming that their action is on the normal fusion pathway. Ergosterol or cholesterol delivery to wild‐type vacuoles stimulates their in vitro fusion, and the in vitro fusion of ergΔ vacuoles requires added sterol. The need for ergosterol for vacuole priming underscores the role of lipids in organizing the membrane elements of this complex reaction.


C S Lewis's philosophical defence of Natural Law (absolute morality) - without which human beings are reduced to less than fully human, and are, thus 'abolished'.


Content acquisition podcasts (CAPs) are a popular tool in special educator preparation but little is known about their application to communication disorders. This quasi-experimental study investigated the effectiveness of two instructional methods: lecture plus video and a content acquisition podcast (CAP). Participants were undergraduates in early childhood education and special education programs (N = 62). Participants were assessed on their knowledge and application of communication development and disorders at four time points. Results indicated that the lecture plus video condition was more effective at producing knowledge gains compared to the CAP condition, but both conditions were equally effective at producing gains in application ability at post-test. Neither group maintained their knowledge gains 8 weeks after instruction. Learning condition did not affect participants in the two education programs differently. Implications for teacher preparation are discussed.


Many studies focus on improving pretraining or developing new backbones in text-video retrieval. However, existing methods may suffer from the learning and inference bias issue, as recent research suggests in other text-video-related tasks. For instance, spatial appearance features on action recognition or temporal object co-occurrences on video scene graph generation could induce spurious correlations. In this work, we present a unique and systematic study of a temporal bias due to frame length discrepancy between training and test sets of trimmed video clips, which is the first such attempt for a text-video retrieval task, to the best of our knowledge. We first hypothesise and verify the bias on how it would affect the model illustrated with a baseline study. Then, we propose a causal debiasing approach and perform extensive experiments and ablation studies on the Epic-Kitchens-100, YouCook2, and MSR-VTT datasets. Our model overpasses the baseline and SOTA on nDCG, a semantic-relevancy-focused evaluation metric which proves the bias is mitigated, as well as on the other conventional metrics.


A central part of the marketing process is to be aware of why a customer or buyer makes a purchase and without such an understanding, businesses find it hard to respond to the customer"s needs and ...


This paper describes observations of magnetohydrodynamic instability with neutral-beam heating in the ISX-B tokamak and the theory specifically developed to support these experiments. The observed magnetohydrodynamic activity is explained by the resistive model presented but is not responsible for the observed degradation of confinement. Increasingly important n>1 pressure-driven modes are predicted by the theory for the higher experimental ..beta../sub p/ values, but there is no experimental verification of their presence.


Properties and applications of nano materials depend on the history of the preparative techniques. A simple energy efficient microwave technique is used for the synthesis of materials at nano dimension. Present work reports, the microwave preparation of nanosized Co3O4 by thermal decomposition of cobalt oxalate precursor employing polyvinyl alcohol as a fuel. The structure of as synthesised Co3O4 is characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), bonding by Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR), morphology and particle size by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM) tools. d c conductivity and magnetic behaviour of the Co3O4 is well studied. Crystallite sizes and density measurement of the sample is under taken. The crystallite sizes were calculated using X-ray line broadening and density measurements were under taken by various methods. TEM study shows that, irregular shaped particles are in the nano range. XRD pattern shows the formation of crystalline cubic phase Co3O4. The metal –oxygen (Co-O) bond formation was confirmed by FTIR study. The prepared sample shows conducting and magnetic behaviour.


This article reflects the discussion and conclusions of the Marketplace and Workforce subgroup of the Summit on Master's Training in Psychological Practice with some data and history added by the authors. When considering the development of a recognized role for master's degree professionals trained in psychology programs, marketplace and workforce considerations need to inform any decision. As 1 of the 4 subgroups of the Summit, Marketplace and Workforce participants considered master's-level practice in the context of the entire health care professional landscape, projected directions of change, the current and future roles needed to meet patient needs, and the economic impact and value proposition of psychological services. Questions that emerged for the group when contemplating this change are also presented.


Summer heat stress in dairy cows impairs the developmental competence of oocytes from antral follicles (2–8 mm) which are used in conventional IVM and IVF systems. Moreover, summer heat stress is considered to impair the oocyte competence derived from smaller follicles; therefore, the impairment of oocyte competence possibly continues into the cooler autumn season. To investigate the thermosensitivity of early antral follicles (<1 mm), we evaluated the effects of heat exposure on the growth and developmental competence of oocytes using invitro culture of oocyte–cumulus-granulosa complexes (OCGCs) derived from early antral follicles. OCGCs (n = 315) were collected from early antral follicles (0.5–1 mm) and cultured for 12 days. OCGCs in the heat shock group were cultured using a temperature cycle of 38.5°C for 5 h, 39.5°C for 5 h, 40.5°C for 5 h, and 39.5°C for 9 h, whereas those in the control group were cultured at a constant temperature of 38.5°C for 24 h. The diameters of oocytes were measured before culture. Half of the culture medium was replaced every 4 days. Oestradiol-17β (E2) and progesterone (P4) production during the first, second, and third 4-day periods were measured by enzyme immunoassay; the viability of OCGCs was evaluated based on their morphology. Oocytes that survived after 12 days of culture (n = 191) were subjected to IVM (38.5°C, 22 h); their diameter and nuclear status were evaluated. Some oocytes (n = 71) were subjected to IVF (38.5°C, 18 h) and embryo culture (39.0°C, 150 h). Cleavage and blastocyst rates were evaluated at 48 h and 168 h after IVF. Effects of treatment groups and culture periods on E2 and P4 production and diameters of oocytes were evaluated by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer or Student's t-test. The viability of OCGCs, nuclear maturation, cleavage and blastocyst rates between two groups were compared by the chi-squared or Fisher's exact test. E2 and P4 production and the viability of OCGCs were not different between the 2 groups. Although mean oocyte diameters before culture did not differ between the 2 groups, the mean diameters after IVM were significantly smaller in the heat shock group (108.0 µm, n = 56) than in the control group (111.7 µm, n = 61; P < 0.05). The nuclear maturation rate in the heat shock group (36.4%, n = 55) was significantly lower than in the control group (60.3%, n = 58; P < 0.05). Cleavage rates were similar between the control (54.5%, n = 33) and heat shock groups (45.7%, n = 35). However, no oocytes developed to blastocysts in the heat shock group (0%, n = 35), whereas 30.3% (n = 33) oocytes developed to blastocysts (cell number ± s.d.; 92.4 ± 28.4) in the control group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that summer heat stress in dairy cows impairs the growth, nuclear maturation, and developmental competence of oocytes derived from early antral follicles. This experimental model could be used to explore the mechanisms by which heat stress subsequently impairs oocyte competence during the cooler autumn season.


A solution to the patient scheduling problem for a case study animal hospital called Mix+Factor scheduling is proposed in this work. Mix scheduling is based on the weighted sum of patient arrival order, the job type and the priority. The priority is based on the veterinarian opinion on the treatment type. Factor is an additional function based on the psychological acceptability of the patient owners in allowing some later jobs to be moved ahead in the waiting queue. The experimental results are conducted on three synthesis workloads to create a light-load, normal-load and high-load conditions. The synthesis workloads are created according to the mixture of jobs at the case study animal hospital. The results show that the Mix+Factor algorithm provides similar or better average waiting time performance in comparison with the currently used algorithms, namely First-Come-First-Served. In addition, Mix+Factor can also provide a better scheduling in order to reduce the waiting time for specific patients such as violence animals or patients with appointments. A study on potential benefit of opening an extra treatment room shows that an extra treatment room can significantly reduce the waiting time and better serve the specific patients than that of the currently used algorithm.


Temperature-programmed reaction/adsorption, Auger electron spectro- scopy and reflection-adsorption infrared spectroscopy have been employed to investigate the thermal reactions of bromoacetic acid (BrCH2COOH) and iodoacetic acid(ICH2COOH) on Cu(100). At low exposures(<0.5 L), BrCH2COOH may dissociate through C-Br bond breakage at forming the intermediate of -CH2COOH on Cu(100). After rearrangement, acetate (CH3COO) is formed at 300 K. The acetate does not decompose until ~540 K. The reaction gaseous products are H2O, CO2, CO, CH3COOH and CH2=C=O. At higher exposures(≧0.5 L), the same intermediate, -CH2COOH, is generated, but it does not transform into acetate at ~300 K. The yields of CH2=C=O and CH3COOH are smaller than those observed in cases of lower exposures (0.1 L and 0.3 L). These two reaction products desorb between 310 and 450 K. In addition, CO2 and H2O are generated at 445 K and 640 K. BrCH2COOH and ICH2COOH undergo similar thermal reactions on Cu(100). On an oxygen-precovered on Cu(100) surface, BrCH2COOH also dissociates and products CH3COOH, CH2=C=O, CO2, CO, and H2O at a temperature of ~510 K.


Methyllithium reacted with (±)-dihydronauclefine (5) to form, upon alkaline processing, a mixture of compounds, one having an exocyclic methylene group at C-5 (9) and the other, a C-5-N iminium compound having a methyl group at C-5 (10). Treatment of this mixture with either hydrogen over palladium catalyst or cyanoborohydride provided (±)-normalindine [(±)-1] in a highly stereoselective and efficient manner


Introduction: Biglycan, a member of the family of small, leucine-rich proteoglycans, is a structural component of the extracellular matrix of chondrocytes, where it might regulate pericellular matrix assembly through binding to growth factors. More recently, novel signaling properties have been ascribed to biglycan. In an in vitro model of articular chondrocytes, biglycan activated molecules of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) intracellular signaling cascades: Erk1/2 [MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway] and Akt [PI3 kinase (PI3K) pathway] (1). EGF has been shown to regulate cell growth, differentiation and dedifferentiation. In chondrocytes, EGF decreased collagen type II expression. We have shown that human articular chondrocytes express high levels of EGF receptors (EGFRs), and biglycan could bind to the EGFRs in a dose-dependent manner (1). We have also shown that biglycan up-regulated the expression of EGFR mRNA in human talar chondrocytes (2). The expression of biglycan was shown to be increased in osteoarthritic (OA) (3) and normal aged cartilage (4), while EGF expression was shown to be increased in the inflamed joint. The goal of this study was to determine whether in human articular chondrocytes, biglycan modulates the expression of EGFRs through the MAPK or PI3K pathway. For this purpose, we examined the activation of Erk1/2 and Akt, following exogenous biglycan and EGF, in the presence or absence of specific pathway inhibitors. The activation of Erk1/2 and Akt was then correlated to the expression of the EGFRs.


Due to the limited resources of sensor nodes, an energyefficient routing algorithm of Wireless Sensor Networks is considered as one of the most important issues in improving network lifetime. To resolve this issue, several routing algorithms have been suggested, but the published studies have mainly focused on minimizing distances between sensor nodes or the number of hops. These researches have also assumed that all the sensor nodes participate in the sensing task. In this paper, we propose a new cluster head selection algorithm focusing on both the density of sensor nodes and sensing-awareness that has not been considered yet in other existing researches on cluster-based routing scheme. In the real sensor network environment, only a part of sensor nodes participates in data reporting, so consideration of sensing-awareness in a routing algorithm will have effect on network efficiency. Moreover, the density of sensor nodes that has resulted from geographical location of sensor nodes can be an important factor in cluster head selection. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm, by considering these 2 factors simultaneously, reduces energy consumption and enhances network lifetime.


In-situ barrier materials and designs are being developed for containment of high risk contamination as an alternative to immediate removal or remediation. The intent of these designs is to prevent the movement of contaminants in either the liquid or vapor phase by long-term containment, essentially buying time until the contaminant depletes naturally or a remediation can be implemented. The integrity of the resultant soil-binder mixture is typically assessed by a number of destructive laboratory tests (leaching, compressive strength, mechanical stability with respect to wetting and freeze-thaw cycles) which as a group are used to infer the likelihood of favorable long-term performance of the barrier. The need exists for a minimally intrusive yet quantifiable methods for assessment of a barrier`s integrity after emplacement, and monitoring of the barrier`s performance over its lifetime. Here, the authors evaluate non-destructive measurements of inert-gas diffusion (specifically, SF{sub 6}) as an indicator of waste-form integrity. The goals of this project are to show that diffusivity can be measured in core samples of soil jet-grouted with Portland cement, validate the experimental method through measurements on samples, and to calculate aqueous diffusivities from a series of diffusion measurements. This study shows that it is practical to measure SF{sub 6} diffusion rates in the laboratory on samples of grout (Portland cement and soil) typical of what might be used in a barrier. Diffusion of SF{sub 6} through grout (Portland cement and soil) is at least an order of magnitude slower than through air. The use of this tracer should be sensitive to the presence of fractures, voids, or other discontinuities in the grout/soil structure. Field-scale measurements should be practical on time-scales of a few days.


The dual-task paradigm is a promising procedure for estimating cognitive status and may also be collaterally used to reduce cognitive decline and prevent dementia. In this paper, we use the mini-mental state exam (MMSE) to the assess cognitive status in the elderly as a reference and investigate the potential of using machine learning for early detecting cognitive impairment in the elderly. Although many studies have suggested that dual-task performance, in which participants perform a cognitive task while walking, is associated with cognition, they only considered the correlation between cognitive parameters and simple gait feature, such as gait speed, through the statistical analysis. We instead use a Kinect sensor to capture participants' whole-body movements and extract a rich gait feature that has the ability to exhibit different tendencies of movements between healthy and cognitive-impaired elderlies. In our experiments, a classifier based on the dual-task gait feature achieved a higher performance than the one based on the single-task feature; the performance of the rich gait feature was better than that of a simple one, and; an optimal detection performance was achieved with an MMSE cutoff score of 25. We positively validated that the proposed method could early detect elderly with lower MMSE scores based on dual-task gait feature with a promising performance. Our approach can support early and automated diagnosis of cognitive impairment.


Inflation is one of the most important macroeconomic variables in each economy and it has numerous effects on many economic and political factors. Iran is one of the developing countries that has experienced high inflation in recent decades. In this paper, we have estimated the coefficients of  effective factors on inflation in Iran during the 1976-2012 period. A markov switching model has been used for modeling and estimating of inflation. The results indicate that  Inflation has two regimes of high and low inflation. The probability of staying in high inflation regime is about 0.65 and the probability of staying in low inflation regime is 0.94. Also, the probanility of transition from high inflation regime to low inflation regime is about 0.35. Furthermore, the probanility of transition from low inflation regime to high inflation regime is about 0.06. also,  Unemployment has a significant negative impact on inflation in high inflation regime that indicates the existence of Philips-Curve in this regime. Finally, the growth of money supply and the first lag of inflation has a significant positive impact on inflation.


UV-Vis and continuous variation plot method were used to study the complexation of γ-cyclodextrin with bromocresol green,and the stoichiometric ratio of the complexation was to be 1∶2.Thermodynamic analysis results show an inverse relationship between temperature and complexation constant,and the change of enthalpy,entropy and free energy of the complexation were-39.988 kJ/mol,86.400 J/(K·mol) and-14.245 kJ/mol,respectively,which indicating that hydrophobic effect was the main force to form the complexes.γ-Cyclodextrin and bromocresol green complexes were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance,infrared spectrum and molecular modeling analysis,and ■ was may be the group included in γ-cyclodextrin.


It's one of the most keenly debated dietary topics in the Western world: just what is sugar really doing to our bodies? At a time when even bread is commonly sweetened, it's an issue that everyone needs to be aware of from a young age. Kim Edwards explores how this entertaining new film can prompt student discussions about the issue itself as well as the mechanics of the documentary form.


Field trials were conducted during the rainy seasons of 2005, 2006 and 2007 to study the growth and yield of sesame as affected by poultry manure, nitrogen and phosphorus. The experiments consisted of four levels of poultry manure (0, 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 t ha -1 ), three levels of nitrogen in the form of urea (0, 60, and 120 kg N ha -1 ) and three levels of phosphorus in the form of single super phosphate (0, 13.2 and 26.4 kg P ha -1 ). The thirt y six treatment combinations were laid out in a split -plot design with three replications. The factorial combination of N and P were assigned to the main plot while poultry manure was assigned to the sub -plot.The results showed that leaf area index and ne t assimilation ratewere highest at 15 t ha -1 of poultry manure , 120 kg Nha -1 and 13.2 kg Pha -1 . Grain yield per hectare was optimized at 5 t ha -1 of poultry manure , 60 kg Nha -1 and 13.2 kg Pha -1 . Applications of 5 t ha -1 of poultry manure , 60 kg Nha -1 and 13.2 kg Pha -1 seems to be the ideal rates of poultry manure, nitrogen and phosphorus for increased yield of sesame in the northern guinea savanna agro ecological zone and is therefore recommended.


1. Introduction 2. A Strategic Theory of Preventive War 3. The Russo-German Rapprochement, 1870-90 4. The Schlieffen Plan and the First World War 5. Pearl Harbor Attack Plan and the Pacific War 6. Conclusion. Appendix: Coding Cases of Power Shifts


Satellite hyperspectral remote sensing is a useful technology to extract soil heavy metal content. This paper introduces an inversion method of soil copper (Cu) content using AHSI/ZY1-02D data and assesses the inversion accuracy with field investigation data. Different spectral pretreatments are compared and then an inversion model of soil Cu content based on random frog leaping and regression tree ensemble is established. Compared with the original spectrum, the utilized spectral transformations can significantly increase the number of sensitive bands for soil Cu inversion, and the correlation between Cu content and spectrum can be improved as well. We also find the reciprocal spectrum and its differential transformations have the highest correlation with the soil Cu content. Moreover, the R2 and RMSE of the inversion model are 0.826 and 596.79 mg/kg, respectively, indicating that AHSI/ZY1-02D hyperspectral data can be used to estimate the total Cu content in the soil at mining area.


The present paper deals with twenty taxa of Cyperaceae as new distributional records for Madhya Pradesh. Correct nomenclature with citation, description, flowering and fruiting, habitat and specimen details are provided.


In the field, only around 60% of male St Andrew's Cross spiders survive their first mating, with many of the surviving individuals losing their legs while attempting to escape from a female. Surprisingly, 67% of males that survive by leaping off the female's web return almost immediately to her web where they remain for several hours. However, males did not remate with the female. Laboratory experiments revealed that males remaining on the web can prevent females from remating with rival males entering the web. In the absence of a male, 75% of females remated with a second male, while only 47% of the females were able to remate with the second male if the first male was present. The guarding male engages rivals in physical contests, and even if the female remates, the presence of the guarding male reduces the duration of copulation.


The Changba lead-zinc mine prior to 1997 due to the unauthorized and wasteful mining,among the many areas left in numerous,different shapes of the mining space.To this end,the empty area in the right part of the test mining,based on the successful application of sublevel open-stope method in a typical section of mining recovery and mining for the future recovery of the same type ore area provides the experience.


We study the relation between (i) the principal eigencurve, i.e., the graph of px satisfying (*) - div(|V«|p-2Vw) + (q(x) - Xw(x))\u\"-2u = px(k)\u\p-2s on a smooth bounded domain ii in RN with p > 1 , and (ii) existence and nonexistence of positive solutions of (*) with px(k) = 0. Eigencurve argu- ments are used extensively.


This paper briefly introduced the development of the domestic and international high-speed wire rod rolling mill,and introduced several domestic steel companies on importing foreign high-speed wire rod mill.


This paper addresses the designers' activity and in particular the way designers express an object shape in 2D sketches through character lines and how these lines form a basis for sketching shapes in 3D. The tools currently available in commercial CAS/CAD systems to manipulate the digital models are still not sufficiently suited to support design. In this paper, the so-called fully free-form deformation features (d-F) are introduced as a modelling method to take into account the curve-oriented stylists' way of working. Both the advantages of a free-form surface deformation method and a feature-based approach are merged to define these high-level modelling entities allowing for a direct manipulation of surfaces through a limited number of intuitive parameters. Such features incorporate several characteristics designed to handle the uncertainties and/or inconsistencies of the designer's input during a sketching activity. In addition, a d-F classification is proposed to enable a fast access to the desired shape according to its semantics and characteristics.


The methanolic extract of Alysicarpus vaginalis was selected for fractionation due to its known reported biological activity. The four fractions were separated and subjected for in vitro antimitotic and anti-proliferative assays along with anti-cancer activity on two human cancers cell lines (SK-MEL-2 and Hep-G2). The antimicrobial potential of fractions had been evaluated against bacteria and fungi. From all fractions, acetone and n-butanol fractions were effective against the cell lines. They show strong inhibitory action with mitotic index 6.2 and 8.4 mg/mL and IC 50 values of anti-proliferative assay in between 19.7 to 14.2 mg/mL respectively, which was found to be comparable to the standard methothrexate 5.9 mg/mL and 13.2 mg/mL respectively. In antimicrobial activity, the zone of inhibition had been observed in the range of 12-27 mm and MIC value was found in the range of 0.2-0.1 mg/mL. The acetone fraction was found to be most active against fungi, and E. coli whereas chloroform and n-butanol fractions were more effective against S. aureus and B. subtilis. The phytochemical characterization by HPLC analysis indicated the presence of important polyphenolic and steroidal compounds. Video Clip of Methodology : Method: 8 min 16 sec Full Screen Alternate


the building. Rasell and Mishel , 1990) . Suggestions for "true reform" vary from site-based management, lengthen ing the school day, and vouchers to changing our form of government! Without confronting basic assumptions about educa tion , purposes, missions, schooling, and instruction , conventional educators are l ikely doing as good a job as can be done. We are operating at the "upper l imit;' where spending more in attempting to do better what we already do will be discouraging (Branson , 1987) and wasteful . Peter Drucker reminds us that (1) we are now getting better and better at doing that which should not be done at all , and (2) it is more important to do what is right than to do things right . If we insist on a drive to increase efficiency in delivering an education that is increasingly unsuccessful , then our failures will compound . We already spend a lot on education ; United States education is l ikely the most labor-intensive activity in the world . Ninety-three percent of its education budget goes to labor costs as compared to around 54 % in the average business (Perelman , 1989; 1990) . While (as of 1990) the U. S. spent proportionately less of its Gross National Product than most other nations on education (Rasell and M ishel , 1990) , only Switzerland spent more in terms of per-pupil instructional outlays (Perel man, 1990) . Working harder or spending more won't improve education's contribution . Well-meaning teachers strug gle to cope with an abundance of students. The diver sity our learners bring with them provides a challenge unseen in other parts of the world . Today's teachers are doing as wel l (if not better) as can be expected . They are doing it, largely, using methods and materials from


This study was carried out as part of environmental assessment in Kano state to determine contamination of cow milks by AflatoxinM1 from three local government areas of Kano state (Bichi, Rano and Nassarawa), and to correlate this concentrations to some risk indices, so as to analyze potential effects on consumers. The results obtained showed moderate contamination by AflatoxinM1 in the three local locations. The concentration of AFLM1 from Bichi local government ranges from 0.117 – 0.291  g/kg, while that of Nassarawa ranges from 0.095 – 0.283  g/kg, and of Rano from 0.259 – 0.287  g/kg. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of AFLM1 and total hazard index (THI) for children within 1- 12years of age were calculated based on the data obtained therein.. The EDI of AFLM1 in the selected study area(s) was also determined and found to be within the range of 3.604 - 6.179 ng/kg.b.w/day in Bichi, 3.451 – 5.915 ng/kg.b.w/day in Nassarawa and 4.697-8.053ng/kg.b.w/day in Rano, all for children of age 1- 12 years. All hazard indices calculated for AFLM1 were below 1. Although the results of this investigation showed low risk of cancer, the variability in cow feeds and climatic conditions might influence contaminations, most especially AFLB1 contamination of feeds and consequently AFLM1 contamination of milk.


A new ternary polymer, TP, incorporating 4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDTT), 5-octyl-2-(2-octyldodecyl)-4,6-di(thieno[3,2-b]thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,3(2H,5H)-dione (PPD), and 2-ethylhexyl 3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-2-carboxylate (TT) units at a 2:1:1 ratio, was prepared to develop a potential candidate for visible and near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing organic solar cells (OSCs). TP displayed an optical bandgap (Eg) of 1.65 eV with a maximum absorption peak at 558 nm. TP indicates good complementary absorption with visible light, absorbing most typically used fullerene-based acceptors (PC70BM, intense absorption range: 300–450 nm with Eg of 1.80 eV) and nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs), namely, ITIC (intense absorption range: 500–800 nm with Eg of 1.59 eV). In addition, TP exhibits good complementary absorption with NIR-absorbing NFAs, namely, IEICO-4F (intense absorption range: 600–1000 nm with Eg of 1.24 eV). The determined energy levels (−5.31 eV and −3...


This article shows that there was long-term stability in the female share of prosecutions and convictions in Holland between 1750 and 1838. Between 1750 and 1811 women generally represented 30 to 40 percent of the prosecutions. The most obvious explanation for high female crime rates in Holland is the high level of urbanization. The relatively independent position of women caused greater risks of them becoming involved with the law. The regional data between 1811 and 1838 suggest that there were also extensive continuities in the proportion of female offenders between 1750 and 1838. The national prisons between 1839 and 1886 produce lower figures ; on average 11 percent of those sentenced to prison were female. These low figures may in part be explained by the fact that the data represented felony cases of women from rural as well as urban regions. Whereas the numbers of both male and female adult prisoners declined between 1840 and 1880, the numbers of young children rose considerably. The growing concern for criminal children resulted in higher prosecution rates for children, and this trend involved both boys and girls ; girls' proportion in crime did not decline, nor were girls treated with more leniency by the courts.


This study investigates the effect of using Wh-questions on the quantity and quality of students in English grammar. Fifty students from different Tamil speaking communities were chosen as the sample of this study. The data comprising 50 Wh-questions with subjective and objective forms was used for this survey. L2 learners often imitate their mother tongue in the use of questions. They use statements for questions. The order of words in sentences, that is, SVO (subject – verb object) in an affirmative sentence and the position of auxiliaries in interrogative sentences become complicated for Tamil speaking students. The different approaches followed in forming questions for subjective mode and objective mode have become more problematic, especially in simple present. Lack of knowledge on the accurate meaning and appropriate function of question words, incorrect use of order of words have frequently become main causes of errors. I believe that the finding of the present study could provide useful insights to language teachers who teach Wh-questions in English grammar.


Owen Dixon. By P. Ayres

Oxford Companion to the High Court of Australia. Edited by T. Blackshield, M. Coper and G. Williams

The Brennan Legacy: Blowing the Winds of Legal Orthodoxy. By R. Creyke and P. Keyzer


The present goal in qualitative reasoning is to develop methods for automatically building qualitative and semiquantitative models of dynamic systems and to use them for monitoring and fault diagnosis. The qualitative approach to modeling provides a guarantee of coverage while our semiquantitative methods support convergence toward a numerical model as observations are accumulated. We have developed and applied methods for automatic creation of qualitative models, developed two methods for obtaining tractable results on problems that were previously intractable for qualitative simulation, and developed more powerful methods for learning semiquantitative models from observations and deriving semiquantitative predictions from them. With these advances, qualitative reasoning comes significantly closer to realizing its aims as a practical engineering method.


We have detected acetic acid (CH3COOH) in the Sgr B2 Large Molecule Heimat source using the Berkeley-Illinois-Maryland Association (BIMA) Array and the Caltech Owens Valley Radio Observatory (OVRO) Millimeter Array. With the BIMA array, we initially detected the 8*,8-7*,7 A blend near 90.2 GHz. The corresponding line from the E symmetry species was sought but may be blended with a line from another species. Interstellar CH3COOH was confirmed using the OVRO array, with which we detected the 9*,9-8*,8 E blend near 100.9 GHz. The corresponding line from the A symmetry species was sought but was found to be blended with the 71-70 E line of CH3SH. Our CH3COOH observations represent the first detection and confirmation of an interstellar molecule using interferometric arrays; all past detections and confirmations of new molecules have been made on the basis of single-element telescope observations.


This article is intended to make a study of the era settings of continuing education of middle school teacher of English, to explore the various roles of English teacher in the perspectives of education modernization, curriculum reform and professional development of English teacher, and to build up the stipulations of the teaching model in continuing education of middle school teacher of English.


Survey was conducted in Uttaranchal to find out the existing variability amongst the naturalized walnut seedling trees and to identify the superior genotypes with better in-shell nut weight and good shelling percentage. A total of 103 genotypes were collected and evaluated for important nut and kernel characteristic. Based on preliminary evaluation approximately 15 genotypes were identified and compared with exotic and indigenous varieties as promising genotypes. These genotypes were having better inshell nut weight and corresponding kernel recovery. Highest kernel oil was recorded in GP/ANT-133 (78.06%) followed by GP/ANT-128 and GP/ANT-156. Similarly, highest kernel protein was recorded in GP/ANT-61 followed by GP/ANT-55. These collections are mostly thin-shelled, elliptic, round, ovate, short trapezoid to long trapezoid in shape with smooth light to medium amber colour nut along with excellent shelling quality. The kernel colour varied from light to light amber coupled with delicious sweet taste.


Abstract This paper develops a new approach based on Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LS-SVMs) for parameter estimation of time invariant as well as time varying dynamical SISO systems. Closed-form approximate models for the state and its derivative are first derived from the observed data by means of LS-SVMs. The time-derivative information is then substituted into the system of ODEs, converting the parameter estimation problem into an algebraic optimization problem. In the case of time invariant systems one can use least-squares to solve the obtained system of algebraic equations. The estimation of time-varying coefficients in SISO models, is obtained by assuming an LS-SVM model for it.


Graph isomorphism is an important problem as its worst-case time complexity is not yet fully understood. In this study, we try to draw parallels between a related optimization problem called point set registration. A graph can be represented as a point set in enough dimensions using a simplex embedding and sampling. Given two graphs, the isomorphism of them corresponds to the existence of a perfect registration between the point set forms of the graphs. In the case of non-isomorphism, the point set form optimization result can be used as a distance measure between two graphs having the same number of vertices and edges. The related idea of equivalence classes suggests that graph canonization may be an important tool in tackling graph isomorphism problem and an orthogonal transformation invariant feature extraction based on this high dimensional point set representation may be fruitful. The concepts presented can also be extended to automorphism, and subgraph isomorphism problems and can also be applied on hypergraphs with certain modifications.


TPS3636 Background: KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations are well-established negative predictive biomarkers of response to anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients (pts). In clinical practice, RAS/BRAF wild-type (wt) patients receive first-line therapy regimens containing anti-EGFR agents. However, tumor heterogeneity might drive primary and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR MoAbs. In fact, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing reveals RAS/BRAF mutations in approximately 10% of pts who resulted in wt at tumor tissue. In addition, 30% to 50% RAS wt pts develop, during the treatment with anti-EGFR MoAbs, RAS mut can be detected in the ctDNA several weeks before clinical progression. As today, it is not known whether revealing RAS mut in liquid biopsy (LB) earlier than the appearance of a clinical/radiological disease progression, could impact pts' outcomes. Similarly, there are no data suggesting the best therapeutic approach in patients with RAS/BRAF wt tissue and mutated ctDNA. Methods: This is a phase III, randomized, open-label, comparative, multicenter study to assess the superiority of Bevacizumab (BEV) compared to Cetuximab (CET) plus FOLFIRI in treatment naïve mCRC RAS/BRAF wt on tumor tissue (TT) and mutated in plasma samples. RAS/BRAF wt pts on TT will undergo the first LB, and RAS mut pts will be randomized 1:1 to receive FOLFIRI/CET (control arm) or FOLFIRI/BEV (experimental arm). Instead, RAS wt pts at first LB will be treated with FOLFIRI/CET up to 8 cycles. Pts who have not progressed after 8 cycles of treatment will undergo a second LB. If RAS mut was detected, pts will be randomized 1:1 to continue FOLFIRI/CET or switch to FOLFIRI/BEV. If not, pts will continue FOLFIRI/CET outside the clinical trial. Pts will be treated until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or withdrawal of consent. Among 26 pts screened at the first LB, actually 1 KRAS mut and 1 BRAF mut pts were detected. The primary endpoint is the PFS Plasma samples will be analyzed for KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations by Idylla ctKRAS and Idylla ctNRAS-BRAF-EGFGR. All samples will be also analyzed by NGS, in order to better evaluate the correlation of tumor heterogeneity with pts' outcomes. Clinical trial information: EudraCT Number: 2020-005078-82, NCT04776655.


Active Learning (AL) is a human-in-the-loop framework to interactively and adaptively label data instances, thereby enabling significant gains in model performance compared to random sampling. AL approaches function by selecting the hardest instances to label, often relying on notions of diversity and uncertainty. However, we believe that these current paradigms of AL do not leverage the full potential of human interaction granted by automated label suggestions. Indeed, we show that for many classification tasks and datasets, most people verifying if an automatically suggested label is correct take $3\times$ to $4\times$ less time than they do changing an incorrect suggestion to the correct label (or labeling from scratch without any suggestion). Utilizing this result, we propose CLARIFIER (aCtive LeARnIng From tIEred haRdness), an Interactive Learning framework that admits more effective use of human interaction by leveraging the reduced cost of verification. By targeting the hard (uncertain) instances with existing AL methods, the intermediate instances with a novel label suggestion scheme using submodular mutual information functions on a per-class basis, and the easy (confident) instances with highest-confidence auto-labeling, CLARIFIER can improve over the performance of existing AL approaches on multiple datasets -- particularly on those that have a large number of classes -- by almost 1.5$\times$ to 2$\times$ in terms of relative labeling cost.


The present work is the creation of an educational and cultural center "Enocultura" that is able to provide excellent knowledge in the art of production and wine consumption. In which you can taste the best wines and enjoy delicious tapitas with the proper explanation and information. Institutions, universities and the general public can take courses to obtain the title of sommelier in tasting wines. The business will conduct weekly events of tasting and wine culture, and daily mini events giving a general knowledge of the subject. Through this company we hope to have an awareness of people who drink alcohol. Furthermore they were thinking of introducing a "CacaoCultura" the cacao production because Ecuadorian cacao is one of the best in the world.


Authoritative rational choice theorists continue to argue that wide variants of rational choice theory should be regarded as the best starting-point to formulate theoretical hypotheses on the micro foundations of complex macro-level social dynamics. Building on recent writings on neo-classical rational choice theory, on behavioral economics and on cognitive psychology, the present article challenges this view and argues that: (1) neo-classical rational choice theory is an astonishingly malleable and powerful analytical device whose descriptive accuracy is nevertheless limited to a very specific class of choice settings; (2) the 'wide' sociological rational choice theory does not add anything original to the neo-classical framework on a conceptual level and it is also methodologically weaker; (3) at least four alternative action-oriented approaches that reject portrayal of actors as computational devices operating over probability distributions can be used to design sociological explanations that are descriptively accurate at the micro level.


Modeling of rainfall data, particularly rainfall amount, are used for providing input for models of crop growth, design of urban drainage systems, land management systems and other environmental projects. More importantly, in hydrological studies, mathematically simulated data helps in flood prevention and mitigation efforts. In the eastern coast of Peninsular Malaysia, floods have been happening with frightening regularity. This study focuses on the use of a weather generator, known as Advanced Weather Generator to model hourly rainfall series within this region. Five stations with thirty years of data are used in model construction. Two probability distributions, Gamma and Weibull, are individually incorporated in the model to represent rainfall intensity and their performances are compared. The fitting of both model variations are individually conducted at the five stations. The best distribution is then used in generating rainfall series, particularly focusing on extreme rainfall and extreme dry/wet spell lengths. Results indicated that Gamma is the best distribution in simulating hourly rainfall in the east coast as compared to Weibull. The model adequately able to capture the peak/extreme values at the stations. The extreme wet spell length is well simulated although the extreme dry spell is under-estimated at all stations. Rainfall in November was determined as contributing most of the annual rainfall followed by December. This study is relevant and very crucial for a tropical country like Malaysia, which may benefit the policy makers in executing appropriate strategic plans of monsoonal flooding in the regularly affected areas.


Rank order hierarchy was evaluated in four adult female squirrel monkeys in a variety of situations. Dominance relationships were first determined for pairs of monkeys before and after deafening the s


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to find out if Australian project managers who are working in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) receive cross‐cultural training and if this training helps them to adapt to the new environment and perform better.Design/methodology/approach – The information on which this paper is based was obtained through semi‐structured interviews conducted with Australian expatriates who were working the UAE in 2009.Findings – The findings suggest that cross‐cultural training is very important in that it helps minimise, although not eradicate, misunderstandings and inappropriate behaviours. Specific cross‐cultural training provides expatriates with information and guidance that is relevant and particular to the culture in which they will be working. The information provided should be on the destination country and its people and that country's specific culture, values, attitudes and appropriate behaviours.Research limitations/implications – Providing expatriates with the appropriate c...


To assess the possibility of cytotoxic potential of T.castanifolia leaf extract. Since this family of plants have effective cytotoxic potential against cancer, analysis of this particular species was carried out. The acetone, ethylacetate and ethanol extracts were subjected to brine shrimp lethality assay and cytotoxicity analysis against MCF-7 cell line. MTT assay of these three extracts showed the ethyl acetate extract to be most effectively cytotoxic. Further studies can be carried out in this aspect to bring out the complete effectiveness of the extract and compounds therein.


This paper focuses on the rise of the energy issue in the relations of Bolivia with Argentina and Brazil during the first decade of the twenty first century...


The digital revolution has triggered disproportions resulting from unequal access to knowledge and various related skills, because the constituting new civilization is based on specific, high-context, and personalized professional knowledge. In response to these dependencies, and in line with the sustainability paradigm, the issue of diffusion of knowledge, especially of the professional type, is of particular importance in eliminating the increasing digital inequalities. Therefore, the main challenge is to stimulate the free dispersion of intellectual workers' knowledge. Their openness and commitment, devoid of opportunistic and knowledge-flow restraining attitudes, are prerequisites for the development of a sustainable society (synonymous with Civilization 5.0 or Humanity 5.0). The article endeavors to verify trust as the leading factor of effective specialist knowledge exchange. Its purpose is to analyze and diagnose the components, enablers, and types of trust that affect the diffusion of specific forms of professional knowledge in different groups of organizational stakeholders treated as knowledge agents. Systematic scientific literature analysis, expert evaluation, and structured questionnaires were used to develop and verify the hypotheses. Direct semistructured individual interviews, focus-group online interviews, computer-assisted telephone interviews, and computer-assisted web interviews were also applied in the paper. The research results confirmed the assumption that reliability-based trust, built on competence-based trust and reinforced by benevolence-based trust, is the foundation of the exchange of professional knowledge. It also supported the hypotheses that this process depends on the group of knowledge agents, the dominant form of trust, as well as its enhancers and types of exchanged knowledge. Conducted explorations constitute a theoretical and practical contribution to the subject of professional knowledge exchange. They fill the research gap regarding vehicles of trust as a factor of specialist knowledge diffusion and provide general, practical guidelines in terms of shaping individual components of competence-, benevolence-, and reliability-based trust due to the type of transferred knowledge and the group of knowledge agents involved in its circulation.


Papers and posters presented at the 17th Biennial Congress of the South African Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions Mental health risks and risky behaviours among working children in southwest Nigeria Olurotimi Adejumo1, R Babatunde Adedokun2 and R Olayinka Omigbodun1 1 Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan 2 Dept of Epidemiology, Medical Statistics and Environmental Health (EMSEH). Faculty of Public Health Background The negative impact of child labour on the mental health of children is recognised. However, very little research has been done on the mental health of the working child in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aims to examine the sociodemographic profi le of the working child in Nigeria and to determine associated mental health risks and risky behaviours. Methods Children aged 10 to 17 years in 20 schools in urban and rural districts in southwest Nigeria were randomly selected for this study. Instruments used were the global school health questionnaire and the Youth DISC Predictive Scale and questions were asked to determine if children worked to earn money and the nature of work. Results Respondents were 1 480 school-going children with a mean age of 14.4 years (SD = 1.9), and a slight male predominance (males = 50.7%; females = 49.3%). A quarter (24.7%) of schoolgoing children worked, a half of whom (53.3%) hawked goods for sale. Children who worked were more likely to have uneducated mothers, to be orphaned, have a disrupted family and not live with their parents. Parents of children with reactive attachment disorders – do they pass on their attachment styles?


It had been done the experiments of the solidification on Al-Fe alloy under a high static magnetic field (10T). The effect of high magnetic field on the morphology of primary Al3Fe phase in Al-3%Fe alloy solidification structure has been investigated by analyzing the microstructures. The experimental results shew that the variation of the morphology of Al3Fe phase was obvious under a high static magnetic field, and them changed to particle-likes and short needles from needle-likes, and they were arranged in chains along the direction of magnetic field to form oriented layered structure. The critical nucleation work reduced and the nucleation rate increased under the applied field, and the magnetic interaction caused by the field can suppress the growth of needle-like Al3Fe phase, both of them resulted in the particle-likes and short needles grains of primary Al3Fe phase to nucleate and grow preferentially. Under the action of magnetic moment and the magnetic interaction force a high static magnetic field, the grains of Al3Fe rotated and then polymerized, and finally formed chain arrangements and layer structures.


A precoder is added to the regular TC-PSK modulator before convolution coding, and a simple 1-b differential detector is used in the receiver. The decision is made symbol by symbol on the basis of the output samples. The bit error rate of this system is evaluated in fast Rayleigh fading, characterizing mobile radio channels by numerical integration. Results show that the performance of this system is satisfactory for instances of practical interest.<<ETX>>


Let $X_{i}\sim W_{p}(n_{i},\Sigma,\Theta)$ where $\Theta= diag(\theta^{2}_{i},0,\ldots,0)$, $i=1,\ldots,r+1$. In this article the authors have derived the joint distribution of $U_i=C^{-1}X_{i}C'{}^{-1}$, $i=1,\ldots,r$ where $\sum_{i=1}^{r+1}X_{i}=CC'$ and $C$ is a lower triangular matrix. The joint distribution of $U_{1},\ldots,U_{r}$ is a non-central matrix-variate Dirichlet distribution. Several properties of this distribution such as marginal and conditional distributions, distribution of partial sums, moments and asymptotic results have also been studied.


Supercontinuum (SC) properties are important in optical communication. The effects of pump power and wavelength on the generation dynamics of SC in dispersion shift fibers (DSF) were studied theoretically and experimentally. The results show that the SC generated in DSF is jointly induced by self phase modulation which broadens the entire response spectrum, by four wave mixing and by cross phase modulation, which boost the SC broadening. The SC band width and flatness are related to the difference between the pump wavelength and the zero dispersion wavelength. The SC spectrum has a 10 GHz repetition rate, an 80 nm bandwidth and a 3 dB flatness over a 20 nm spectral range. A two optical fiber grating series increases the SC spectrum flatness by more than 8 dB.


This paper presents the effect of bedrock depth on the lateral behavior of monopiles in terms of load-displacement curve at pile head, displacement and moment along the pile. Finite difference analysis program, FLAC3D, was adopted to create a 1-m diameter monopile embedded into sands. The bedrock depth was varied from 5 m to 30 m from ground surface. In this study, it was observed that the lateral behavior of monopile was significantly affected when the bed is as shallow as 5 m deep; the differences were negligible for other cases with depth greater than 10 m.


Wages and stock books; discount journals; cash books; business diaries; tax return forms; insurance forms; sales books; pay sheets 1963-1971; inward and outward correspondence 1960-1975; specifications orders; photographs of a Gyratory sieving machine.


In an effort to counteract negative effects stemming from urban transport activities, many cities in Europe have engaged in planning for the sustainability of urban mobility. As with any change concerning the transport sector, uneasiness about the prospect of having to change the way cities are currently organized -in order to cut down on transport-linked nuisances- has generated a great number of questions on the best way to achieve sustainability in urban transport. The European Commission is considering a European support framework for the implementation of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans in EU Member States. This consideration is consistent with the 2011 White Paper proposal to increase coordination between transport authorities and transport policy deciders. Consequently, an interest on how different urban measures can be used in order to render transport activities more sustainable has given way to research concerning the impacts and effects that policy measures might have on socio-ecological systems. These studies rely, mainly, on experts' opinions and past experiences in order to develop a common scorecard on how a transport system might react to different measures. This technical note uses the expert scoring information available in current scientific literature in order to explore the impacts and effects that different urban measures may have in planning for sustainability on a European wide level.


This paper presents a research agenda underlying a PhD proposal on embodied software agents. The research aims to demonstrate that it is possible, for embodied software agents, to develop first-person meanings for environmental perturbations. According to the proposed approach, first-person meanings will be created through the agent centrifugal development. We argue that centrifugally developed agents, which create first-person meanings for environmental perturbations, will perform better in identified classes of tasks. They will also contribute to advance the state of the art regarding embodiment, particularly with respect to the grounding problem. For traditional AI, the mind is a symbol processing system that can exist without the body or act in an independent way. Although traditional approaches have successfully solved several problems, they are trapped in the grounding problem. Embodied cognition approach departs from the dominant paradigm by focusing on cognition as an embodied situated activity. Organismic embodiment supporters argue that the systems development method (centrifugally versus centripetally) is decisive to the system autonomy and, thereby, to their cognitive abilities. This research will use models of cellular division and evolution from cellular biology and will propose processes, through which meaning grounding can be achieved as an emergent property of centrifugally developed agents.


Treatment of poliomyelitis should begin as soon as possible after the onset of the disease in order to relieve the discomfort of patients and to minimize crippling. An analysis of 1,125 cases of poliomyelitis treated in Minneapolis during the 1946 epidemic reveals that the symptoms and observations are sufficiently charateristic to enable the diagnosis to be established in most patients within twenty-four hours of the onset. The study also discloses that paralysis is not a useful diagnostic sign because paralysis or weakness of the muscles is not a common early event and in a considerable number of cases does not occur at all. To await the appearance of paralysis to confirm the diagnosis or to begin treatment is inadvisable. It is now recognized, but should be emphasized, that patients without paralysis are often seriously ill and may become crippled from conditions other than paralysis which affect the muscles. All cases


A critical appraisal of 52 articles about fashion adoption groups published from 1989 to 2013 was presented in this article. Objectives were to evaluate use of theories/models, demographics, research methods, and terms denoting fashion adoption groups. Information was compiled and organized to present a broad, updated, and more complete view of fashion adoption. Gaps and shortcomings were uncovered that provided ideas for future research. Detection of a variety of both theoretical and operational terminology and definitions provided a rationale for reaching consensus about terminology and definitions. Assessment of methods used to determine thresholds to segment consumers highlighted a need for consistency in analysis and reporting.


1Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia 3Biotechnology Division, Central Laboratory of Mineral and advanced Material, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia 4PIUPT Disruptive Learning Innovation, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia


HV632 is a kind of 32-channel 256 grayshade high voltage driver.It can be used in PLCD,VFD and FED,its output voltage can high up to 80V.HVCMOS technology of Supertex Company is adopted,integrated low voltage CMOS is included.The(characteristics,)principle and range of application are introduced by the research of HV632′s internal structure.The simulation results of this chip have been given out by using the simulation tools MaxplusII and Spice.


M2bMφ have been characterized as cells responsible for the increased susceptibility of severely burned mice to various opportunistic infections. We have previously demonstrated that a long noncoding RNA GAS5 is not expressed by M2bMφ, significantly. This RNA is involved in CCL1 gene silencing, and CCL1 is essential for the prolongation of M2bMφ. In this study, the mechanism involved in the reduction of a GAS5 level in M2bMφ was investigated. Mφ were isolated from the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice 1–15 days after severe burn injury (3rd degree, 25% TBSA burn). The level of phosphorylated UPF1 (pUPF1), a marker of the nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) pathway, was determined in various Mφ preparations by Western blotting. In some experiments, these Mφ were transfected with miR-222 mimic, and tested for the GAS5 RNA and CCL1 mRNA levels. miR-222 has been shown to directly binds to GAS5. In the results, the levels of pUPF1 and miR-222 were increased in Mφ from mice 10–15 days after burn injury. These Mφ did not express GAS5 RNA and expressed CCL1 mRNA. The GAS5 reduction was also demonstrated in normal mouse Mφ transfected with miR-222, but not in the same Mφ treated with an inhibitor of the NMD pathway. M2bMφ were not demonstrated in severely burned mice injected with an miR-222 inhibitor. These results suggest that, through the reduction of long noncoding RNA GAS5, miR-222 appeared in Mφ of severely burned mice stimulates the M2bMφ polarization.


A new method namely, split and bounded method is proposed to find an optimal more-for-less fuzzy solution to fully fuzzy transportation problems (FFTP) with mixed fuzzy constraints by using crisp linear programming (LP) technique.  The split and bounded method do not require any initial basic feasible solution and an optimal solution (MODI method) to solve FFTP with mixed fuzzy constraints.  In this method, the optimal fuzzy solutions do not contain any negative part of the values of the decision variables. Also, fuzzy ranking functions were not used.  The proposed method is an appropriate method to find an optimal fuzzy solution to FFTP with mixed fuzzy constraints occurring in real life situations.


At the request of the authors, the article Zhan L and Zhou K, Synchronous disturbance attenuation in a power magnetically levitated spindle based on parameter-scheduled H∞ control, Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, Epub ahead of print 23 June 2014. DOI: 10.1177/0142331214538999 has been retracted. The authors of the paper have recently brought to our attention that some of the experimental results presented were incorrect:  (1) According to our recent research, some experimental results in this article cannot be repeated. The problem relates to a damaged displacement sensor. These experiments affected are mainly the unbalance tests at high speeds. We carried out the experimental research mentioned in this article at different times. The static suspension experiments (the step response experiments) shown in Figures 17 and 18, and the unbalance tests at low speeds (such as Figure 19) were done earlier than those unbalance tests at higher speeds. When we carried out the unbalance experiments at higher speeds (shown in Figures 21 and 24), the sensors used on that platform might already have been damaged, producing incorrect data. Then, recently we found that we couldn't get the same or similar experimental results as shown in Figures 21, 22 and 24. Since the experimental results were not correct, the corresponding analysis based on the experimental results and the corresponding conclusions must be wrong. We realized that this is a big accident.  (2) Some other minor mistakes in this article include: 1) the spelled out form of DSP on Page 2 should be 'digital signal processor', rather than 'digital signal processing'; 2) the symbol Ws on Page 8 should be W1; 3) the symbol Wt on Page 8 should be W3.


The aim of this work is to contribute to the analysis of what might be the outstanding elements that characterise the integration in school of subjects in the age of development with Special Educational Needs, particularly in the sphere of behaviour.
Special Educational Needs (SEN) are characterised by a wide variety of problems that distinguish them, with the result that they are very different one from the other. In the presence of less evident SEN that are more difficult to recognise, it is often more complicated to develop good integration in school: in fact a child with a behavioural disturbance is often mistaken for a child who is more bad-mannered and unpleasant than the others, especially among his peers who therefore tend to exclude him from their activities.
By means of the case-analysis approach, we therefore proposed to follow the evolution over time of a case of inclusion of a girl with Special Educational Needs in the behavioural sphere, trying to see which important factors were involved in establishing the different relational dynamics among classmates and between the whole class and the teachers.