We contribute to the debate on research performance by comparing the distribution of research inputs and outputs across Australian universities during 1992-2003. We have calculated annual Gini coefficients for various performance measures and Lorenz curves for the final year of the study. Various findings are evident. Research-input measures have remained relatively unevenly distributed across universities. Output measures were more evenly distributed and this exhibited a gradual and rather consistent convergence through time, supporting the view that the research output is being generated gradually more equally across Australia's universities. The exclusion of the 'Group of Eight' (Go8) universities results in a more even distribution of performance. However, in 2003 this group took the lion's share of research inputs but produced a smaller share of outputs. Our findings are relevant to current funding policy discussion.


The paper presents the results of studies of the conditions for the formation of A3B5 compound semiconductors heterointerfaces including InP, InGaAsP and GaAs layers. The heterostructures were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy and were fused by wafer fusion technique. Improvement of planarity and homogeneity over the thickness of heterointerface due to using optimized preliminary preparation of semiconductor wafer surfaces was demonstrated. No additional extended defects such as dislocations were found.


Introduction Over the last decade, the two major adenylyl cyclase isoforms expressed in the heart [1-3] (AC5 and AC6) have been extensively studied and different pathophysiological roles have been found to be associated with each. While targeted deletion of AC5 in mice was found to be associated with cardiac protection under pressure overload [4] and with increased survival [5], AC6 over expression exerted sustained beneficial effects on cardiac function [6]. Thus, selective AC5 inhibitors and AC6 activators have been proposed for the treatment of chronic heart failure [7].


The pursuit of good corporate governance, as exemplified by compliance with Sarbanes‐Oxley (SOX), requires corporate real estate (CRE) departments to gain a better understanding of asset values and lease costs than most companies currently possess. As a result, CRE departments are motivated to centralise control over operations globally, to improve systems for ensuring consistent and accurate accounting worldwide and to scrutinise vendors more thoroughly. These changes will be difficult for many CRE departments, but, done properly, the focus on corporate governance will bring greater understanding of real estate's impact on corporate financial performance, as well as enhancing relationships with the CFO, senior management and business unit leaders.


Boundary layer flow and heat transfer analysis of a homogeneous, incompressible, non-Newtonian fluid of grade two at a stagnation point is presented. The flow is assumed to be steady and laminar. A power-law representation is assumed for the velocity distribution and wall temperature variation. The governing equations are solved using an iterative central difference approximation method in a non-uniform grid domain. This analysis show the effect of non-Newtonian nature of the fluid and the effect of suction/injection on the velocity profile. The effect of non-Newtonian nature of the fluid on the heat transfer coefficient at the wall for different values of Prandtl number and wall-temperature variation is also presented. (VC)


XML's Data structure can make the users to find their own data with different methods, ASP can make the users to interact on homepages and to bring into full play of XML. In this paper, a method to combine XML with ASP is studied to make astonishing effect on homepages.


I argue that we should avoid a unitary account of what makes metaphorical descriptions of music in terms of emotion appropriate. There are many different ways in which musical metaphors can be appropriate. The right view of metaphorical appropriateness is a generously pluralist one.


AMONG its many other functions the government of a nation is also a purchaser of large quantities of goods. This function of procurement is assuming larger proportions than ever before with the constantly increasing size and scope of governments. This trend has been climaxed with the additional economic activities involved in the conduct of the last war, the attempts to prevent or mitigate an aftermath of virtually worldwide famine, and government's part in encouraging reconstruction and reconversion to peacetime industry. Concomitantly, the effects of government procurement on the entire economy have become correspondingly more important. Having been close to the problem in the United States Government, I have come to feel that a theoretical analysis of the nature and effects of government procurement might be of interest and not without practical application. A government purchases primarily for two purposes-for the sake of obtaining the items purchased, and for the effect the purchase is apt to have on the economy. More specifically, a purchase is made for one of the following reasons:


In order to improve comfort degree of elevator,an elevator group control system based on multi-sensor is designed.The system gets the information of passengers by configuring multi-sensor in the building and assigns the task to the different cab by a fuzzy control scheme having multi-rule with different weights.This design personifies the control system.


In the lead-up to the Australian federal election in 2010, both major political parties represented the 'unauthorised' arrival of asylum-seekers as a security issue. This article explores the dynamics of this resecuritization of asylum in Australia, suggesting the case has important implications for both the securitization framework and Australia's treatment of asylum-seekers. The relationship between securitization and calls for an open debate about asylum-seekers challenges the securitization framework's normative claims about political debate and deliberation as a progressive development illustrative of desecuritization (the removal of issues from the security agenda). This case also illustrates that without political leadership to engage with the social and cultural context that allows the securitization of asylum to resonate with large segments of the Australian population, the exploitation of this issue for short-term political gain will continue.


Research suggests that debriefing is the most important component of simulation. Debriefing is the time when participants think over and reflect on what happened during the simulated experience. The aim of this research is to gain insight into the experience of facilitating debriefing following a simulated experience in a tertiary health care setting. This qualitative study was guided by phenomenology, as developed by Heidegger and Gadamer, and included 10 health professionals (nurses, doctors, and a midwife) debriefing simulation experiences. Data were collected through individual interviews and analysed through iterative re-writing and the generation of three stories as getting started; supporting the debrief to unfold, and knowing how to end. This study affirmed the role of the facilitator in debriefing following simulated experiences. The facilitator's role includes leading the dialogue beyond "talk" and into "learning". The art of asking a question, working with silence, and enabling learning all require skill. Through experience, facilitators learn to respond to whatever unfolds in the session. This study contributed detail of what facilitators do to draw out thinking, which confirmed their essential role. Facilitators cannot prepare a script for debriefing beforehand but must rely on their debriefing know-how to respond in each debrief. The facilitator's know-how is therefore central to debriefing following simulated experiences.


Does an agent mental space constitute the environment for a second agent? Can we use a second agent to percept and manipulate the individual entities that compose a certain agent? What advantages can be achieved? And with what costs? This paper covers a research path on the advantage side questions. We did again an experiment proposed by Steels (Mars explorer subsumption agent): Its list of reaction pairs is initially shuffled and a meta-agent can promote or demote those pairs in response to individual-power local variations. After a while the observed list of reaction pairs (and the implied agent behavior) is very close to the original and intended design


This study aims to identify and describe the translation of Indonesian cultural terms in the film Battle of Surabaya. It did not intend to pinpoint the exact translation technique used. The animated history of Indonesia and the variety of the language used in the movie, such as Dutch, English, Japanese, Indonesian, and local, motivated the researcher to conduct the research. The research method used mixed-method and translation theory as a ground theory for analyzing the data. The analysis found that 24 vocabularies contain Indonesian culture-each cultural term spread in every aspect. Socio-culture found 17 data or 71% of the total existing data; Material culture only found 1 data, Ecology 3 data, Organization 2 data, Gesture or habits also 1 data. The difference in translating cultural terms was only to equate equivalence in meaning between ST and TT. Bringing cultural aspects in various ways is the same as appreciating a culture, but the way to show it and transfer it becomes a challenge for the translator. The true meaning of a cultural term may not be fully conveyed due to a lack of data or only communicated to each other in a cultural group. It can be solved if the cultural term has a glossary and the translator uses it. This study also found that foreign cultures that have been in the local culture for too long can grow and become part of the local culture itself.


If image is everything, then the University is on its way to having it all. "The sense is that Penn is a University whose time has come, and this sense is critical," University President Judith Rodin said at Thursday's External Affairs meeting with the University's Board of Trustees. And to insure that this does not change, the University has spent the last year searching for an Associate Vice President for Communications, a job Rodin described as "a unique position." She said the person selected will serve as a central spokesperson representing the University as well as serving as a key planner in the strategic policy of the University. This position has been vacant since last March, when Carol Farnsworth left the University upon being named Vice Chancellor for Communications at the University of Denver. Although the University has interviewed numerous applicants for the post, Rodin said they have yet to find the perfect candidate. Rodin said the position will be "a very welcome and needed addition to the University," although she said she believes the University's image has seen an im provement over the last year. "There is a real sense that Penn is a different place — a place that is committed to good relationships with our neighbors both internally and externally," she said. And University Secretary Barbara Stevens agreed, saying that there has been a "solid increase in Penn's news coverage." Last year, the University ranked seventh in print news coverage of national universities, and fifth in broadcast coverage. University spokesperson Barbara Beck said this news coverage will increase dramatically with the 50th anniversary cele bration of ENIAC, the world's first electronic computer, which will take place in February. So far, media ranging from Good Morn ing America to The New York Times have expressed a strong interest in the ENIAC celebration. "ENIAC is going to establish Penn as a leading University in the information age," Beck said In order to further foster this relationship with the media, the University has to work on several areas — including managing crises, communicating one message for all of the schools and increasing relevant media coverage to build public support for the University's mission, Stevens said. Vice President for Government, Com munity and Public Affairs Carol Scheman


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a dispersant composition for hydraulic composition that has a low temperature dependency of fluidity imparting effect on a hydraulic composition and can impart a good initial strength to hydraulic composition.SOLUTION: Provided is a dispersant composition for hydraulic composition containing: (A) a polymer compound having a monomer unit comprising naphthalene ring; (B) a polymerized material having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000 to 1,000,000 obtained by co-polymerizing a monomer having a carboxylic acid group, a phosphoric acid group or a group that changes to a carboxylic acid group or a phosphoric acid group by hydrolysis, and a monomer having an alkylene-oxy group; and (C) 1 or more compound of sulfonic acid salt having a polyalkylene-oxy group in which a terminal alkyl group is bound by an ether bond or an ester bond, a polyalkylene-oxy compound having an alkyl group at the other end in which the terminal alkyl group is bonded via an ether bond or an ester bond, a tertiary amine compound or the like having an alkyl group and a polyalkylene-oxy group having 2 terminal alkyl groups.SELECTED DRAWING: None


Phenotypic effects of tae mutation on leaves greatly differ from those produced by any known so far mutant genes involved in leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana. This mutation does not affect the basic anatomical structure of the lamina, though it causes looser palisade and spongy chlorenchyma. Tae mutation causes local suppression of the lamina growing in width which is locally accompanied by 1) altered generating functioning of the sub-marginal meristem which results in a changed mesophyll development up to its absence in the lamina margin; 2) disharmonious growing in width of adaxial and abaxial sides of the lamina; 3) development of the secondary margin of the adaxial side of the lamina; and 4) local growing of the secondary margin into ectopic lobe(s), the latter being typically absent in A. thaliana.


One of the most principles of medical ethics is autonomy that is based on the human dignity and Respect for persons. Therefore every pregnant woman can make an informed dicision according their rights, ethically. Due to nothing enough knowledge and information and inspite of recommendation for normal vaginal delivery, some wemon intend to cesarean section. Regarding to increased rates of cesarean section and importance of informed dicision making, this study carried out with the porpouse of assessment of the informed dicision making in pregnant women reffered to the selected health facilities of tehran city. The study sample included 154 pregnant women with delivery intention that selected by clustering method. in this discriptive study questionnaire was used for data collection included three part: demographic information, selected delivery method and its knowledge. Results show the precent of the pregnant women with the intend of cesarean section increased from 31% (n=48) to 54.5% (n=84) at the time of delivery. According to women self-reporting, the cause of intention for cesarean sectin in 58.3% of the participants was vaginal delivery fear and pain. Our findings indicate on the necessity of informed dicision making about the delivery method. So, continues education espicially in adolescents suggested in order to increasing the pregnant women knowledge and informed decision making about their delivery method.


PARTICIPATION IN POST-SOCIALIST HOUSING by Daniel Benjamin Abramson Submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the dual degree of Master of Architecture and Master of City Planning at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 1992 Thesis Supervisor: Gary Hack Title: Professor ABSTRACT As the former Socialist countries of eastern Europe embrace democratic and free-market reforms, local governments and cooperative organizations find themselves increasingly responsible for the regulation of housing and urban construction. But severe budget cuts and drastic change threatens their ability to carry out these responsibilities, even as offers by private entrepreneurs increase the pressure to make land available. This thesis considers the viability of participatory planning in Poland; it explores how design can assist broadbased community discussions about appropriate regulation and public investment for new housing and commercial development. The context is the Lublin Housing Cooperative (LSM) a community of 50,000 residents where large tracts of land lie vacant even as a shortage of housing and commercial services continues to worsen. Based on extensive interaction with members of all levels of responsibility in the LSM community, and supported by spatial study models carried out over a year in studios at MIT, the exploration uses model and design references to illustrate a process of focusing collective attention on critical issues of importance to an entire community.


This paper aims to discuss the analysis of markers in a collection of poems by Moon Changgil using Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic theory based on the objects in the form of icons, indexes, and symbols. The discussion of this paper focuses on the aspect of the sign that appears in the entire poem. In addition, the discussion of poetry will pay attention to the relationships between the signs that appear so that they can show signs that represent something that is not present. This research uses a descriptive method .The poems studied were 3 poems "Benteng(Fortress)'', "Bayangan (Shadow)", and "Kembang Unifikasi (Unifikasi Flower)". The data collection technique used was reading and note-taking techniques. Based on the results of data analysis based on the subject in the form of icons, indices, and symbols found in the collection of poems Apa yang Diharapkan Rel Kereta Api (What is Expected by Railroad), it is clear that it has a representation that has a relationship with objects in the form of icons, indexes and symbols.In this study, the data obtained are that most of the poetry texts are indexes, a few of the poetry texts are icons, and there are symbols. In the relationship between the title and the content of the text: the title acts as an index and as an icon for the content of the text, while symbols are only in the form of metaphorical words/phrases. From this relationship emerges an interpretant who will clearly produce an interpretation in understanding the meaning of the poem.


iv RESUME v INTRODUCTION 1 STATUS OF EULACHON RUNS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA 3 POTENTIAL THREATS TO EULACHON 8 FIRST NATIONS AND EULACHON 10 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 14 APPENDIX I: LIST OF ATTENDEES 17 APPENDIX II: WORKSHOP AGENDA 18


Studies on hydrological processes are often emphasized in resource and environmental studies. This paper identifies the hydrological processes in different landscape zones during the wet season based on the isotopic and hydrochemical analysis of glacier, snow, frozen soil, groundwater and other water sources in the headwater catchment of alpine cold regions. Hydrochemical tracers indicated that the chemical compositions of the water are typically characterized by: (1) CaHCO3 type in glacier snow zone, (2) MgCaSO4 type for surface runoff and CaMgHCO3 type for groundwater in alpine desert zone, (3) CaMgSO4 type for surface water and CaMgHCO3 type for groundwater in alpine shrub zone, and (4) CaNaSO4 type in surface runoff in the alpine grassland zone. The End‐Members Mixing Analysis (EMMA) was employed for hydrograph separation. The results showed that the Mafengou River in the wet season was mainly recharged by groundwater in alpine cold desert zones and shrub zones (52%), which came from the infiltration and transformation of precipitation, thawed frozen soil water and glacier‐snow meltwater. Surface runoff in the glacier‐snow zone accounted for 11%, surface runoff in alpine cold desert zones and alpine shrub meadow zones accounted for 20%, thawed frozen soil water in alpine grassland zones accounted for 9% of recharge and precipitation directly into the river channel (8%). This study suggested that the whole catchment precipitation did not produce significant surface runoff directly, but mostly transformed into groundwater or interflow, and finally arrived in the river channel. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Oats have never been used widely in this country for feeding to pigs. Their relative unpopularity for this purpose is attributable to their content of fibre, which, on account of the fibrous husk surrounding the kernel, is high compared with that of the other cereals. This prejudice is, in the main, perfectly logical, since the pig's digestive system is not designed to deal with foods of a fibrous nature. The most successful rations for growing and fattening pigs contain no more than 4–5 per cent. of fibre, this amount being necessary to facilitate the passage of the food residues along the intestinal tract. Higher amounts than this, however, are known to lead to a reduction of the efficiency of the ration. In a study of the influence of fibre on the utilisation of pig rations, Robison(1) noted a continuous decline in growth rate as the percentage of fibre in the ration was increased up to 9 per cent., the amount of food required for 1 lb. of live-weight gain displaying meanwhile a corresponding increase.


It discusses characteristics of special architectural theory of china and puts forward some opinions for constructing special architecture of China from aspects of architectural theory?philosophical idea application of architecture in practice.


The introduction of fast-growing tree species in areas with sandification degraded soils can be an alternative to minimize this problem. This research was conducted to study the performance of Pinus elliottii Engelm. and Pinus taeda L. in areas degraded by sandification due to antropic action in western Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. In stands of both species, average trees were sampled, felled and sectioned by the Smalian method for obtaining discs for dendrochronological analysis which allowed the estimation of mean volume by age. The mean volume growth for each species showed different development trends in time. The use of dummy variables in the Bachman modified model enabled a single equation to estimate the average volume as a function of age for both species and degradation soil level; but with different level of estimated growth represented by the intercept and slope of the curves. The model presented an excellent fitting with a coefficient of determination of 0.98 and low standard error of estimate of 0.3828 m3.


The comparison was conducted between the F_1 hybrids of Dong B 11A, a CMS line with the cytoplasmic source of Dongxiang Wild Rice, and those of IR58025A, a CMS line with the WA-type cytoplasmic source, in major agronomic characters, using the same group of restorer lines as the male parents. The results showed that the F_1 hybrids of Dong B 11A had a stronger heterosis than those of IR58025A in the characters of growth duration, plant height, panicle length, spikelets per panicle, seed-setting rate, 1 000-grain weight, grain weight per plant and stem weight per plant, but a weaker heterosis in panicles per plant. Through analysis of the F_1 hybrids of the two CMS lines and three restorer lines containing japonica background, it was further found that Dong B 11A had a better combining ability, restorability and a wider restorable spectrum than IR58025A. The advantages and disadvantages of the two CMS lines were also discussed and the corresponding overcoming and improving ways were proposed in use of them in hybrid rice breeding.


In establishing adequate climate change policies regarding water resource development and management, the most essential step is performing a rainfall-runoff analysis. To this end, although several physical models have been developed and tested in many studies, they require a complex grid-based parameterization that uses climate, topography, land-use, and geology data to simulate spatiotemporal runoff. Furthermore, physical rainfall-runoff models also suffer from uncertainty originating from insufficient data quality and quantity, unreliable parameters, and imperfect model structures. As an alternative, this study proposes a rainfall-runoff analysis system for the Kratie station on the Mekong River mainstream using the long short-term memory (LSTM) model, a data-based black-box method. Future runoff variations were simulated by applying a climate change scenario. To assess the applicability of the LSTM model, its result was compared with a runoff analysis using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The following steps (dataset periods in parentheses) were carried out within the SWAT approach: parameter correction (2000–2005), verification (2006–2007), and prediction (2008–2100), while the LSTM model went through the process of training (1980–2005), verification (2006–2007), and prediction (2008–2100). Globally available data were fed into the algorithms, with the exception of the observed discharge and temperature data, which could not be acquired. The bias-corrected Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 climate change scenarios were used to predict future runoff. When the reproducibility at the Kratie station for the verification period of the two models (2006–2007) was evaluated, the SWAT model showed a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) value of 0.84, while the LSTM model showed a higher accuracy, NSE = 0.99. The trend analysis result of the runoff prediction for the Kratie station over the 2008–2100 period did not show a statistically significant trend for neither scenario nor model. However, both models found that the annual mean flow rate in the RCP 8.5 scenario showed greater variability than in the RCP 4.5 scenario. These findings confirm that the LSTM runoff prediction presents a higher reproducibility than that of the SWAT model in simulating runoff variation according to time-series changes. Therefore, the LSTM model, which derives relatively accurate results with a small amount of data, is an effective approach to large-scale hydrologic modeling when only runoff time-series are available.


Traditional justifications for the purpose of labour law have focused on its role in remedying the imbalance of bargaining power within the employment relationship. More recent scholarship focuses on the broad range of regulatory functions that labour law can play in the labour market. These include enhancing the employability of individual employees, enhancing access into the labour market by new entrants, and assisting working people during transitional phases in their working lives. Contemporary debates about labour market regulation in South Africa need to take account of these diverse factors in order to respond to the country's ongoing high levels of unemployment and inequality, and to provide a basis for greater consensus over the future direction of labour market regulation.


The article presents a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of various methods of reflexotherapy in patients with arterial hypertension and metabolic disorders. It is shown that the inclusion of therapeutic complexes of different vari ants of acupuncture significantly change clinical and metabolic parameters (blood pressure level, body mass index, atherogenic index, resistance index to insulin, etc.); the most significant results were obtained using pharmacopuncture with Ubichinon compositum. It was found that the standard method of treatment provides a reliable improvement in lipid metabolism (reduction of atherogenic ratio by 12.6 % and a decrease in the activity of prooxidant processes in the system of lipid peroxidation by 11.8 %, a reliable drop in fasting insulin overproduction by 8.5 %, a decrease in insulin resistance index (an average by 11.0 %). Inclusion of classical acupuncture in treatment complex improves the results of standard therapy: atherogenic index decreased by 22.3 %, index of insulin resistance – by 21.9 %. Wherein marked and significant drop of malondialdehyde and glucose concentrations in the blood (19.8 %) (6.3 %) was marked. The introduction of physiological solution (placebo for pharmacopuncture) into acupuncture points had an impact on the studied biochemical and hormonal parameters approximately to the same extent as the classic acupuncture. At the same time, pharmacopuncture with Ubichinon compositum preparation has led to the most expressed favorable changes in the system of insulin regulation of metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids: atherogenic index and resistance index to insulin decreased respectively by 28.1 % and 34.1 % indicating marked sanogenetic character of pharmacopuncture on the body of patients with arterial hypertension and metabolic disorders.


The problem of diffraction of a plane electromagnetic wave of p- and s- polarizations incident at an arbitrary angle on a plane-structure is considered in terms of connection with the spread of plasmon-polaritons in the structure. It is shown that the dispersion equation arises from the condition of equality to zero of the reflection coefficient from the structure, i.e. the coincidence of the impedance of the vacuum with its input impedance at the border. Reviewed the gliding and leakage electromagnetic waves (plasmons) for dissipative periodic (quasi-periodic) structures as well as Zenneck wave above the earth's surface and along the ionosphere.


AS THE DUST settles on chancellor Ken Clarke's tax-cutting budget bonanza and we all sit back and wait for the feelgood factor to warm our slippers just ahead of the next general election, it's time to sit down, reflect thoughtfully on the impact on international money markets of raising the duty on alcopops by 8p a bottle and do what any self- respecting Edina or Patsy would do in such a situation - go shopping.


An in vitro or ex vivo method of detecting thrombosis or the degree of thrombophilia, characterized lamedicion a cleaving protease von Willebrand factor, wherein the thrombosis is selected from elgrupo consisting of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, leukemia acute promyelocytic acute lymphocytic leukemia.


This reaserch analyzed of hairtail fish (Trichiurus spp) resoure exploitation of fisheries management of gordon shaefer model. The data was was analyzing by using quantitative desriptive analysis and surplus production Gordon Schaefer analysis. This reaserh used seondary data secondary data was obtained from time series data period 2001-2014 about prodution data capture fisheries and fishing effort in Pangandaran waters. The result showed effort of Maximum Sustainable Yeild (MSY) is 4657 trip/years and produtions aproximately 670,71 tonnes/years the number of catches allowed at 536.57 tonnes/years


The present study assessed the relationship between mentally ill homeless and their companion pets and questioned if the pets acted as a barrier for them to receive shelter and other services. The study also sought to find if pets acted as a communication tool between this population and society. Twenty participants were found on the streets of San Bernardino and Riverside counties and interviewed. The study suggested that there is a strong bond between the mentally ill homeless and their companion animals and they are not allowed in homeless shelters due to the pet. There was little significance in pets acting as a social facilitator for the homeless.


When visibility is poor, pilots often rely on ground-based instrument landing systems (ILS) to land their aircraft. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) and satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) technologies provide a reliable, accurate, and cost-effective alternative in places were no ILS is available. GNSS-based landing systems often increase runway capacity because, unlike ILS, they do not require a long, straight line of descent.


The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of tourism collective consumption by the government for the year 2013/2014. The input-output/SAM models were used to estimate the impacts and effects. Data for analysis was sourced from EORA multi-region input-output table (MRIO) database. All impacts have a starting point in the economy, defined as the direct effect. The direct effect sets off iterations of indirect (inter-industry production) and induced (household purchases) spending. There are several different types of multipliers depending on the secondary effects included and the measure of economic activity used. The common multipliers computed were associated with output, income, value addition and employment in the economy. Multipliers were decomposed into their associated effects: initial, production and consumption effects. Tourism collective consumption of US$ 9 million created 79 thousand jobs, generated $4.7 million labour income, and added $11 million to total value in the economy and $23 million to total output.  This shows the extent to which government expenditure on tourism collective services can stimulate the economy in terms of employment creation, value addition, income generation and output production. However, ways of apportioning public shared services to a particular sector in the economy are still inconclusive. This study could be the first to assess the economic impacts of tourism collective consumption. Future studies may re-estimate the multipliers by adopting Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models and more advanced statistical methods of apportioning shared collective services to a particular sector of the economy.


The UCR time series archive–introduced in 2002, has become an important resource in the time series data mining community, with at least one thousand published papers making use of at least one data set from the archive. The original incarnation of the archive had sixteen data sets but since that time, it has gone through periodic expansions. The last expansion took place in the summer of 2015 when the archive grew from 45 to 85 data sets. This paper introduces and will focus on the new data expansion from 85 to 128 data sets. Beyond expanding this valuable resource, this paper offers pragmatic advice to anyone who may wish to evaluate a new algorithm on the archive. Finally, this paper makes a novel and yet actionable claim: of the hundreds of papers that show an improvement over the standard baseline ( 1-nearest neighbor classification ), a fraction might be mis-attributing the reasons for their improvement. Moreover, the improvements claimed by these papers might have been achievable with a much simpler modification, requiring just a few lines of code.


The application of foreign substances to honeybee colonies may seem to some, unnecessary and incongruous with the perceived ethos of beekeeping. However, the relationship between the honeybee and its major parasite,Varroa destructor, is unusual, in terms of husbandry, and is a particularly dangerous one. To ensure the well-being ofVarroa-infested honeybees, the beekeeper needs to understand the biology of the interaction and to be aware of the variety of tools available to assist his infected animals, including amongst other things, chemical control measures. The limitations and benefits of the use of the available chemical agents for the control ofVarroamites are discussed. Background Since humans started keeping animals, growing crops and clearing space for housing we have encountered animal or plant species which are either in the way or are bothersome, detrimental to our food sources or to our immediate environment. Attempts at controlling these pest animals or plants were probably not particularly effective and it was not until the 18th century that chemical methods of providing protection to humans and farmed plants and animals gained any importance. These methods were based initially on chance discoveries and trial-and-error. These "first generation" preparations were largely plant extracts, sulphur and heavy metal salts.


Active distribution network is the fundamental technical means to realize the safe and economic grid connection of intermittent distributed generation. Considering active management measures, the optimal planning model of distributed wind generators in active distribution network is established with the minimum integrated cost including investment cost, net loss cost and purchase cost. Taking the uncertainty of wind speed, load and electricity price into account, the expected scenario set is constructed based on scenario analysis, and the FCM clustering algorithm is used to reduce the number of scenes. Multiple configurations of distributed wind generators are introduced to the planning. An improved firefly algorithm is used to solve the planning model. The IEEE−33 node distribution network is selected as a simulation example. Results show that the reasonable selection of configurations of distributed wind generators based on active management measures can effectively promote wind power consumption.


Primary neutron capture ..gamma.. rays have been studied from 86 neutron resonances in /sup 167/Er in the energy range 5--600 eV. The spins of these resonances were assigned as I = 3 or 4 on the basis of the intensity ratios of suitable pairs of low-energy ..gamma.. rays. The measured intensities of the high-energy primary ..gamma.. rays have been converted to partial radiation widths and further analyzed to obtain average E1 gamma strength. Individual ..gamma.. spectra from I = 3 and 4 resonances have been summed separately after appropriate normalizations. The resulting average radiation widths (and hence the ..gamma..-ray strength function) were in good agreement with the Axel-Brink predictions based on a giant dipole resonance model. These widths were also consistent with the assumption that the ..gamma..-ray strength function is independent of the initial spin. The partial E1 radiation widths were subjected to a distribution analysis, revealing that these widths had a slightly narrower distribution than that predicted by the Porter-Thomas law. The ratio of the average population of a particular low-lying level from I = 4 resonances to its population from I = 3 resonances was found to be in good agreement with a five-step cascade model. The populationmore » of successive spins within a rotational band lay on smooth curves which, for different bands, were nearly parallel. A level scheme for /sup 168/Er has been constructed, and the neutron separation energy for this nucleus was deduced as 7771.6 +- 1.0 keV.« less


'To illiterate people especially, the proverb is precious. Without the luxury of a library, wisdom has to be stored mentally and must be concise. Hence in proverbs the words are very rich in meaning and the concepts expressed are a good starting point for conversation.' Michael Church


This paper presents an inductorless full rate pseudo-random binary sequence generator (PRBSG). Data rate of the PRBSG can be enhanced by 23% using internal pre-emphasis. The technique uses D flip-flops (DFFs) as 1-tap decision feedback equalizers (DFE) to equalize the outputs of the previous DFFs. This makes every DFF a DFE circuit, which is also used as a delay element for the PRBSG. The proposed technique increases the data-rate of the PRBSG significantly with minor increase in area and power. A design methodology to find the feedback factor of pre-emphasis technique using least square estimation is also presented. Post layout simulation in standard 90 nm CMOS technology of the 27-1 PRBSG confirms operation of the circuit at a data-rate of 13 Gb/s with peak to peak jitter of 8 ps, while consuming 222 mW off a 1 V supply, without using inductors.


The present invention is an expanded envelope feed processing methods, the preparation of glue, and potassium chloride powder was added to each 100ml of water, at a temperature of 90 ℃ ~ 105 ℃ stirred and heated to 20 ~ 40min; feed pretreatment, to give a water-soluble active substance is dissolved in water to prepare an aqueous solution, the aqueous solution is then sprayed to the surface of extruded feed; fat-soluble vitamins and then dissolved in fat or oil, and then spraying the solution onto the surface of the extruded feed, wrapping a second cladding layer is formed; and above gum solution is pumped into a high-pressure sprayer vacuum reservoir tank, stir, after spraying to said pre-feed surface, the product is obtained. The method of the present invention is simple, so that a perfect extruded feed bright film formed on the surface, appearance, good stability in water, and can effectively reduce the loss of nutrients, after addition of active substance to achieve better protection, maintain product quality stable reduce feed rate of powder containing, extend shelf life.


The transition-metal catalyzed coupling reaction is one of the versatile methods for the generation of new carboncarbon bonds in organic synthesis, and it has become a hot topic in current organic chemistry. Transition metal salts and their complexes were used as catalyst directly in the classic methods with the drawbacks of high cost of the transition metal, the metal contamination of the product and the toxicity remained. In order to overcome these problems, developing green synthetic methods based on efficient and reusable catalytic systems is more desirable in organic synthesis. In this paper, the recent progress on the carbon-carbon coupling reactions catalyzed by the supported transition-metal catalysts has been reviewed.


The solution is obtained to the discrete-time, linear-quadratic, finite-horizon disturbance rejection problem, with hard bounds on the disturbance. It is shown that two regions can be identified in the space of initial conditions: one where a pure-strategy saddle point exists, and the other where no pure-strategy saddle point exists. In the latter region, the structure of the minimax controller is fixed throughout, and a saddle point exists in the class of mixed policies. The construction of such saddle points is discussed. Minimax controllers are obtained for the case in which no information is available to the controller, i.e., the open-loop case. Subsequently, these results are used in solving for minimax controllers with more general information structures.<<ETX>>


Biofuels have been emerging as the main alternative to fossil fuels in the transportation market. However, because their production requires fossil inputs and may have significant environmental impacts, the actual benefits to which biofuels can displace fossil fuels and GHG emissions depend, crucially, on the efficiency with which biofuels are produced. In this paper the life cycle of alternative bioethanol chains is investigated to assess energy renewability, environmental performance and cost-effectiveness. GHG emissions and energy used throughout the life cycle have been calculated, using different allocation approaches, together with bioethanol production costs. The implications of bioethanol replacing gasoline are discussed based on our results, namely avoided GHG emissions, life-cycle energy savings and CO2 abatement costs.


Formal methods have had a relative low penetration in industry but have the potential for much wider use. The use of agile methods has been highly limited in development of safety-critical systems due to the lack of formal evaluation techniques and rigorous planning. A combination of formal methods and agile development processes can potentially widen the use of formal methods in industry as well as enabling the use of agile methods in development of safety-critical systems. This paper describes a way to add the use of formal methods to the agile development process Scrum. Experiences from using a variant of the strategy in an industrial case are summarised.


In order to study the level of emotional arousal produced by laboratory training, data from the highest level of a four-T-Group laboratory were tested against the following stress conditions from perceptual isolation investigations: 6 hours, 8 hours, and 24 hours. Data were collected on a self-administering adjective check list which provided scores on anxiety, depression, and hostility. Anialyses of covariance were conducted, using prestress scores as covariates to provide statistical control in the absence of experimental matching of subjects. Laboratory training mean scores on anxiety, depression, and hostility for the four T Groups at the highest level (stress condition) were significantly lower than the mean scores from the stress condition of the three perceptual isolation studies. Comparison of the poststress frequency distributions for the four samples indicates that no scores occur for laboratory training at or beyond the point traditionally accepted as deviant (T score of 70 on the standardization sample for the instrument), whereas the stress condition of each of the three perceptual isolation studies produced scores at or beyond this point.


This paper is offered as a conceptual map to help 'learning development' to distinguish its various activities and to locate these activities and approaches in relation to pedagogic theory and empirical evidence. It highlights variations in context that have profound implications for what 'learning development' might realistically focus on. The paper also examines parallel developments in 'educational development' over the past 30 years to see if that offers pointers to how 'learning development' might evolve.


The air is very impor- tant to the human body, but at this present moment air can not circulate properly, so that, when in a room, felt less comfortable. The importance of an exchange of air, at the time removed from the human body and air exchange when inhaled by the body human. For that, we need an elec- tronic device that can be used as controlling air circulation, so that, when in a room feel more comfortable, and can be controlled automatically. In general air circulation control device is currently only using the switch. Meanwhile, at the present time in human life can not separated from the computer, so that made a control device air circulation, us- ing Delphi 7 and using four fan as output. Source voltage control circuits for air circulation +5 V DC, up to +12 V DC, then the source voltage into the controller block princi- pal stress, which consisted of lowering the voltage, recti er voltage and voltage regulator. After that, the source voltage into the control block consisting of peripherals and switch, then go back to the controlling block main to be processed, and 4 pieces of fan can turn on the output. Currents gen- erated by voltage +5 V into the relay leg, for activate each relay and the current generated by the voltage of +12 V ICLM7812 into capacitors and, for the incoming voltage to remain stable, between DB-25 and the transistor base re- sistance rated 1 kilo ohms and the emitter connected to ground. Base on the transistor will get a voltage, at the time data port is enabled, which is set through the pro- gramming language Delphi 7, so +12 V voltage output can turn to and activate four fans. DB-25 to control air circula- tion, in a room, with Delphi 7 programming language, can take advantage of the device computer type microprocessor 8088. controlling the circulation, can be used in classrooms, homes and oce space by replacing the fan size larger, so the room feels cooler and comfortable.


Antioxidant effects of black pepper (Piper guineense) essential oil and oleoresin on fresh and cooked ground pork patties were evaluated at inclusion levels of 0.25 and 0.50% of meat weight. Patties were stored for 16 weeks at room temperature (27 ± 1C). Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and peroxide values (PVs) of patties were measured as indicators of lipid oxidation at 27 ± 1C for 16 weeks. Mean TBA and PVs were high for the controls (no Piper extracts), 16.78 mg malonaldehyde/Kg and 28.52 MEK/g, and 11.76 mg malonaldehyde/kg and 9.32 MEK/g, respectively, for fresh and cooked patties. At the use levels of 0.25 and 0.50% of both extracts, patties had lower TBA and PVs than the control throughout the storage period. At the use level of 0.25%, both extracts had lower TBA and PV than the controls. Antioxidant effects of extracts increased with increased use levels from 0.25 to 0.50% of meat weight. The essential oil had better antioxidant effect than the oleoresin at both use levels. The TBA and PV decreased as the extracts increased in concentration. However, both were more effective antioxidants in cooked pork than in fresh pork. This implies that they are more effective antioxidants in pure autoxidation than in heme-catalyzed oxidation and that both have antioxidant activity.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

This work has proven the practical value of Piper guineense fruits in traditional food flavoring and medicine. The essential oil and oleoresin as in this work prove to have good flavoring and antioxidant properties. They will be of good use in model foods, even at a commercial scale. Both will be good flavoring and antioxidant ingredients in home-prepared or canned meat, fish and soups. Both will also be of practical value in pastries and bakery products like biscuits, bread and pies. More volumes and brands of products will be in circulation. Oxidative deterioration will be checked and, hence, longer shelf life for the products. Their antioxidant effects will also extend to the consumers as oxidative damages of vital tissues of the consumers will be prevented, making the consumer healthier.


Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a main cause of infertility, particularly in high-risk settings such as spontaneous abortions (SAB). We aimed to evaluate the effect of genetic polymorphisms in ACE and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) on the occurrence of SAB in PCOS. Methods: One hundred and forty-two PCOS patients (83 women have a history of one or more unexplained SAB, 59 women have successfully live births) and 107 healthy controls matched for age and body mass index were included in the study. Levels of PAI-1, LH, FSH, testosterone, fasting glucose and insulin were measured. ACE deletion (D)/insertion (I) and PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphisms were performed. Results: The D/D and/or 4G/4G genotype frequency, the D or 4G allelic frequency, the combination of the ACE D/D and PAI-1 4G/5G, D/I and 4G/4G genotypes of PCOS patients with SAB women were statistically higher than non-SAB group (p<0.05). The 4G/4G or D/D genotype of PCOS with SAB patients had significantly higher PAI-1 levels than non-SAB women. Conclusions: The ACE D/I and PAI-1 4G/5G gene polymorphisms might represent risk factor in PCOS with SAB. Homozygosity for ACE D or PAI-1 4G polymorphisms as well as compound carrier status are significant positive explanatory variable for PCOS patients with SAB, which may result in increased PAI-1 concentrations and hypofibrinolysis and contribute to early pregnancy loss.


The effects of organic fertilizer on plants growth and root tubers yield of Potentilla anserine were studied in this experiment.The results showed that the unremarkable effects of organic fertilizer treatments on the numbers and length of leaves per mother ramet,and numbers of stolon,But the length and diameter of stolon and number of daughter ramet of the organic fertilizer treatments were higher than that of the control.Besides,the organic fertilizer treatments increased the root tubers yield.The root tubers yield of the C treatment was the highest which increased the root tubers yield by 55.61% higher than that of the control.The B、D、E treatments increased the root tubers yield by14.59%,21.56% and 27.10% respectively higher than that of the control.


The cross sections of the astrophysically relevant {sup 85}Rb(p,n){sup 85}Sr{sup g,m} reaction have been measured between E{sub c.m.} = 2.16 and 3.96 MeV. The cross sections have been derived by measuring the {gamma} radiation following the {beta} decay of the reaction products. A comparison with the predictions of Hauser-Feshbach calculations using the NON-SMOKER code confirms a recently derived modification of the global optical proton potential.


The purpose of this article is to analyze the formulation and implementation of educational policy processes in relation to private schools in Guatemala. Specifically, how bilingual education is defined and implemented in the private education sector in Guatemala City where the largest number of privately run establishments exist. Given the great deficits in the provision of educational coverage in the public sector, there has been an explosive expansion of private institutions which have very different levels of quality. Through an analysis of the administrative processes within the Guatemalan Government in general and its Education Ministry in particular as well as of the governance arrangements existing in the private school sector, an overall view of the curricular and policy decisions taken by private schools in the formulation and implementation of bilingual


Entrepreneurial Qualities for Successful Development and Sustainability of New Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises by Brock A. Zehr MBA, Indiana Wesleyan University, 2009 BA, Anderson University, 1986 Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University December 2016 Abstract Entrepreneurial small businesses are significant to the U.S. economy, as they represent 99% of employer firms and employ 49% of the private sector. Nearly half of new businesses fail within the first 5 years of operation. While external factors beyond the control of business owners account for some failures, many occur because of managerial inadequacies. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the livedEntrepreneurial small businesses are significant to the U.S. economy, as they represent 99% of employer firms and employ 49% of the private sector. Nearly half of new businesses fail within the first 5 years of operation. While external factors beyond the control of business owners account for some failures, many occur because of managerial inadequacies. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of successful entrepreneurs to understand the qualities needed to create and sustain new small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) beyond 5 years. The sample consisted of 21 entrepreneurs from Northeastern Indiana who created and operated SMEs successfully for at least 5 years. The conceptual framework for this study was human capital theory and entrepreneurial leadership theory. The data were collected from semistructured interviews. Participants completed transcript reviews and member checking was conducted to enhance data credibility and trustworthiness. The phenomenological reduction method was used for data analysis and included bracketing, horizontalizing, clustering, integrating invariant statements, and synthesizing composites. The following themes emerged in addressing the guiding question: entrepreneurial intention recognized at a young age, creative problem-solving skills, business and support systems, entrepreneurial passion, opportunity recognition and seizure, and task and managerial delegation. The study findings can help inform best practices to help future entrepreneurs, and those who educate, train, and mentor them, create and operate successful new ventures. Entrepreneurial Qualities for Successful Development and Sustainability of New Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises by Brock A. Zehr MBA, Indiana Wesleyan University, 2009 BA, Anderson University, 1986 Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Business Administration Walden University December 2016 Dedication I dedicate this study to past and present entrepreneurs who recognized an opportunity, undertook risks, and brought new products or services to market. My desire is future entrepreneurs and those who educate, coach, and mentor them will gain insights from this study. I would also like to dedicate this research study to my late father, Michael Zehr, who realized his dream of small business creation and ownership. After several years of successful business operation, a natural gas explosion and fire destroyed his business and claimed his life. Thanks, Pop, for teaching me to pursue dreams despite the obstacles and risks. Acknowledgments I thank God for being the source of all wisdom and for granting me the opportunity and ability to complete this doctoral degree. I thank my wife, Becky, for her support, encouragement, and sacrifice. To my sons, Brad and Ben, I am grateful for your patience with me during those times I was physically present but mentally thinking about this project. I also thank my mother, Margery Bowman, and sister, Twila Patterson, for supporting me during this journey. To my trainer, C.T. Hall, thank you for teaching me the connection between mind and body and for challenging me to get my mind right. You were instrumental in my completion of this degree. I thank the entrepreneurs of Northeastern Indiana who participated in this study and were most gracious with their time and insights. It is a blessing to live and work in this region of the country where folks are helpful and generous. I also greatly appreciate the inspiration received from my faculty colleagues at Huntington University (HU). I am proud to serve at HU with all of you. To the entire Walden University DBA faculty and staff, I thank you for your assistance and contributions to my success. Mr. Tim McIndoo of the Walden Writing Center has been particularly helpful for his editorial review of my study. I am most grateful to my second committee member, Dr. Janet Booker, and University Research Reviewer, Dr. Peter Anthony, for your recommendations, guidance, and quick review times. Finally, I want to thank my wonderful committee chair, Dr. John Johnson for your encouragement, patience, expertise, and friendship. Dr. John, you have truly been a blessing to me. Godspeed, my friend!


This short essay focuses on how experiential measurements of the extent of the body have altered vis-à-vis breath, in the context of going outside during the pandemic, and the critical tools that dance-based practical knowledge can bring to this moment. I attend to the implications of some of the various ways in which we are retraining ourselves to inhabit the world in relation to breath. I highlight the limits of fixed-distance models of social distancing, proposing instead the "coronasphere" as an alternative paradigm for perceiving the changing shapes of the body in terms of the breath, and argue for the urgent choreographic potential of both finding and analyzing public movement on that sensory basis. Being able to carry out my job from home suggests that my body's labor is deemed nonessential in this moment. Yet, as part of that majority "yet-to-be infected" population (Huat, 2006), I am responsible for moving in public as though I could be exposed or expose others. Comparing the 6-foot negotiations by passersby on the street to a pedestrian dance, one dance critic pointed out that "If this pandemic is teaching us anything, it is that we need to return to our bodies" (Kourlas, 2020). As the pandemic redefines the extent of our bodies by the range of our breath, it changes how we choreograph public movement. It may look like there is more distance between people than usual, but it feels like the matter of my body and that of others have expanded. I sense each stranger in terms of how close my air might come to touching them and vice versa. Indirect spatial pathways are the new normal, as we each step sideways, allowing the particles of our respective breath to become entangled between us as they fall to the ground. Someone passing within what used to be a reasonable amount of personal space is now threatening.


This study examined an organization's crisis communication strategy (i.e., crisis response strategy and technical translation strategy) on social media and the public's cognitive and affective responses. Twenty crisis communication messages posted by Foster Farms regarding a salmonella outbreak and 349 public responses were analyzed. The results showed that a technical translation strategy generated more public acceptance of the message and more positive emotions than a crisis response strategy. A crisis response strategy generated more public rejections of the message and more negative emotions than a technical translation strategy.


Since the 1950s, the primary focus of the field has been on text documents such as email, web pages, scholarly papers, books and news stories. All these documents have similar structure with title, author, date and abstract information associated with the content of papers in scientific journals. When referring to database records, the elements of this structure are called attributes or fields. Information in the document is relatively unstructured in the form of text. The user relates to the system directly for the Information retrieval as shown in Figure 1.3. They are easy to compare fields with well-defined semantics to queries in order to find matches. For example the records are easy to find for example bank database query. The semantics of the keywords also plays an important role which is send through the interface. System includes the databases, the interface of search engine servers and the indexing mechanism that comprises the stemming techniques. The user describes the search strategy and provides the requirement for searching .The documents present in the web put on ranking, subject indexing, and clustering. The relevant matches can be easily found by comparing it with the field values of records. It is simple for the database in terms of retrieval and maintenance of records, whereas it is complex for the unstructured documents where text is used (Baeza-Yatesand Ribeiro-Neto 1999). The phases involved in the IR process are illustrated in Figure 1.2.


The focus of this paper will be to present and discuss one set of data derived from a research project, that has been carried out for a PhD degree and will be submitted in September 1995, In the filst section, I wish to describe the methodology of this study. In the second part, I will concentrate on a singe stage of the fieldwork: findings from interviews on self-understanding in a group of children with high-functioning autism / Asperger's syndrome (HFA / AS) compared with a group of children with moderate learning difficulties (MLD) and a group of adults with Aperger's syndrome (AS).


The Unraveling of No Child Left Behind: How Negotiated Changes Transform the Law By Gail L. Sunderman Foreword by Gary Orfield February 2006


A motorcyclist has died on the  A61 near Ripon. It occurred at 7.45am on Wednesday 18 September 2013, on the A61 near Quarry Moor, approximately half ...


The paper discusses the impact of EMU on the 12 Mediterranean partner countries. It argues that the introduction of the euro is likely to have a positive, albeit limited, impact on the region. The Mediterranean partners will benefit from a more predictable and transparent external environment that will allow them to better exploit their comparative advantage in the long run. They will also benefit from stronger-than-otherwise output growth in Europe, as well as a potentially more competitive source of external financing.


When a matured magneto-resistive random access memory (MRAM) process is not available, a CMOS macro-model for MRAM cell can be a good tool for developing efficient MRAM architectures and their competitive peripheral circuits. This paper proposes a novel CMOS modelling circuit emulating voltage-dependent characteristics of MTJ resistance in a 2T2MTJ cell and its applications in the MRAM full-chip. The variable resistance characteristic is realized by applying the feedback voltage to the gate of the MOS resistor. A test MRAM full-chip adopting the proposed model was implemented in a 0.35 μm CMOS process.


chosis can be—at least—deferred in individuals experiencing ARMS in a significant proportion of cases using novel antipsychotics plus psychosocial treatment. This constitutes prevalence reduction. Even if psychosis does occur, the duration of untreated psychosis in which the major burden of psychosocial disruption manifests is minimized. The PACE model helps to reduce comorbidity and avoids long hospital admissions. Some cases of psychosis may be averted resulting in incidence reduction but further follow–up is required. Dr. Paul Amminger is affiliated with the Personal Assessment and Crisis Evaluation (PACE) clinic in Melbourne Australia. Dr. Patrick McGorry is Professor/Director of the Department of Psychiatry, the University of Melbourne, Melbourne Australia. Dr. Steve Leicester is a research therapist at the PACE clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne.


To date, most solutions proposed for secure routing in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs), assume that secure associations between pairs of nodes can be established on-line; e.g., by a trusted third party, by distributed trust establishment. However, establishing such security associations, with or without trusted third parties, requires reliance on routing layer security. In this paper, we eliminate this apparent cyclic dependency between security services and secure routing in MANETs and show how to bootstrap security for the routing layer. We use the notion of statistically unique and cryptographically verifiable (SUCV) identifiers to implement a secure binding between IP addresses and keys that is independent of any trusted security service. We illustrate our solution with the dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol and compare it with other solutions for secure routing.


In an engaging recent paper,' Ian Hacking has argued that Hegel is "speaking to us" once again, after a long period (in Anglo-American philosophy, at least), in which he appeared to be speaking to another audience, located in another world. He has our ear once more because our philosophical thought has once again begun to incorporate Hegelian themes, after decades in which our respective paths did nothing other than diverge. The aim of much Anglo-American philosophy has been to combine a Kantian "conceptual scheme" idealism with a late Wittgensteinian picture of the individual subject as embedded within a system of shared norms, practices and understandings; this has meant that it is now receptive to a form of "internal realism", which also has a social, historical, contextual dimension, and it is this that many claim to have found in Hegel. As Richard Winfield has noted recently, after decades in the wilderness, Hegel is now an inspirational figure for the anti-foundationalism, anti-Cartesianism and anti-realism of the "new orthodoxy":


Abstract Discussions of the recitative intervention from the solo baritone in the finale of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony usually focus on how his words might offer a commentary on the discourse of the symphony as understood in instrumental terms. This article seeks to interpret the baritone's words as a call to song – song in its literal as well as idealized sense, as identified through strophic treatment and folk-like character. Beethoven's borrowing of material from his own setting of Bürger's Gegenliebe for his 'Ode to Joy' tune is taken as a sign of the composer engaging with Bürger's advocacy of simple diegetic song, an advocacy that sits provocatively alongside the abstract idealism of Schiller's An die Freude. Concentrating on the song-like aspects within the finale of the Ninth Symphony in this way might seem to magnify the effect of the silences and disjunctures within the movement. However, Johann Gottfried Herder (the poet and theorist of the lyric) embraced silence as one of the conditions of folk-like song, as Beethoven seems to have understood from his own settings of Herder's poetry. A comparison between the Ninth Symphony finale and some of Beethoven's actual settings suggests a new understanding of how the composer uses silence within the symphony. It also points up the radical nature of his balance between abstract and literal renditions of song in this work, a balance that even outstrips the Helen-Gretchen contrast in Goethe's Faust for its subtlety and pervasiveness.


The reaction of cobalt(II) nitrate with 5-amino-2,4,6-triiodoisophthalic acid (ATPA) in pyridine solution leads to the formation of the title compound, {[Co(C8H2I3NO4)(C5H5N)3(H2O)]·C5H5N}n. The Co2+ ion is six-coordinated by three N atoms, one water O atom and two O atoms from two ATPA ligands to form a distorted octahedral geometry. The two carboxylate groups of ATPA act as bridging ligands connecting the CoII metal centers to form one-dimensional zigzag chains along the c axis, with Co—O distances in the range 2.104 (4)–2.135 (4) Å. The average Co—N distance is 2.171 Å. A classical O—H⋯N hydrogen bond is formed by the coordinating water molecule and the pyridine solvent molecule. The structure was refined from a racemically twinned crystal with a twin ratio of approximately 8:1.


The purpose of this research was to examine the effect of satisfaction and commitment on e-commerce customers' trust. Based on 362 valid responses collected from a survey questionnaire, structural equation modelling (SEM) technology was employed to examine the research model. The results indicated that both satisfaction and commitment significantly affect customers' trust, which further determines their purchase behaviors; and that satisfaction is the strongest determinant of customers' trust. E-commerce providers need to consider customers' feelings on satisfaction and commitment when seeking the trust; as well they should enhance satisfaction degree and commitment level to improve customers' trust. Although much research has been conducted to explore the extrinsic motivations, such as social benefit, economic benefit, the effect of intrinsic motivations, satisfaction, is seldom tested. This research found the effect of satisfaction and commitment on customers' trust to be significant.


In the industrial high-pressure polymerization process, the manufacture of ethylene-based copolymers like poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) must be performed at very high pressures (up to 300 MPa) to avoid demixing due to unfavorable interactions between product (polymer) molecules and molecules of the educt mixture (ethylene and comonomer). Suitable inert cosolvents may help to lower the operating pressure and yet still operate in a single-phase region. In this paper, phase-equilibrium data are presented for mixtures of ethylene and ethylene-co-acrylic acid copolymer with and without the incorporation of various cosolvents in varying amounts. It was found that nonpolar but dense cosolvents like heptane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, and decane match the cosolvent potential of a polar but nonassociating substance like AcOEt, especially at the higher temperatures investigated. Strongly polar and associating fluids like EtOH and octanoic acid are superior cosolvents. However, for high concentrations of EtOH and lower temperatures, a shift in phase behavior with increasing demixing pressures has been observed and is attributed to self-association of excess EtOH molecules. This phenomenon is not observed for AcOEt and octanoic acid.


As the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), celebrates its 20th anniversary, we highlight the critical intersection of maternal and child health and chronic disease prevention. Twenty years ago, as luck — or prescient leadership — would have it, the Division of Reproductive Health (DRH) became part of the newly formed chronic disease center. Leaders inside and outside CDC have occasionally puzzled over why reproductive health work was co-located with topics such as tobacco control, diabetes, cancer, and nutrition.

Today, the logic behind this organizational decision is clear. Issues of maternal and child health, for which DRH is CDC's most visible leader, are recognized as being inextricably linked to the prevention and control of chronic disease. At the most basic level, the link is forged during pregnancy and the postpartum period, when health care providers have the opportunity to screen and treat mothers for chronic diseases, such as diabetes, and to counsel mothers on associated risk factors, such as poor nutrition and smoking (1-3). However, links between DRH and chronic disease prevention extend well beyond these obvious connections. On the one hand, the work of DRH brings heightened awareness to the importance of early intervention and its implications for lifelong health. On the other hand, expertise from diverse fields, such as tobacco control, nutrition, and diabetes, is needed to adequately address the issues of maternal, infant, and family health embraced by DRH.


Lygodium is the dry root and rhizome of Lygodium japonicum (Thunb.)Sw. which belongs to the family Lygodiaceae. Lygodium is the only genus of Lygodiaceae comprises 45 species throughout the world. In China, there are 10 species of Lygodium distributed in the southwest and south China, and five species of them had been used for Chinese herbs medicine to treat hepatitis and dysentery[1]. They are named Lygodium, Lygodium of hainan, Crankshaft Lygodium, Angustifolia Lygodium, Pinnately lobed Lygodium, Willowlike leaves Lygodium, Reticulata Lygodium, yunnan Lygodium, Lobular Lygodium, Palm leaf Lygodium.


This research is motivated by the weak internalization of the value of civility in education which is caused by not optimal learning in schools due to the learning environment factor. Therefore the existence of the natural school as an innovation made to improve the purpose of optimal learning. One of the natural schools in Indonesia is Yogyakarta Nature School which has subjects of 'tata krama desa' as subjects that can internalize the civic virtue value. The purpose of this subject is to find out an overview about implementation of civic virtue value on the subject of 'tata krama desa' at the Yogyakarta Natural School. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data collection techniques carried out in this research were by means of observation, interviews, documentation studies, literature studies, and field notes. Data analysis techniques were carried out by reducing data, presenting data, drawing conclusions and verifying validating data by triangulation and member check. The results of the research show that in the subject of 'tata krama desa', the values of civic virtue have been implemented, this is based on the learning process, both in terms of planning, implementation, and assessment.


In: Raffaele Simone (a c. di). In corso di stampa. Enciclope-dia dell'Italiano (EncIt). Summary This text was written for the Enciclopedia dell'italiano. It describes and analyses the clitic pronouns of Italian from a lexicalistic and feature-based perspective. The length of the article and the comprehensiveness of the references were limited by the encyclopedia's norms.


Children exposed to substantial amounts of alcohol prenatally are known to display a range of physical and cognitive anomalies, referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs). Animal models and neuroimaging studies of FASDs have consistently demonstrated that specific regions of the brain (e.g., midline structures) are more vulnerable to the teratogenic effects of alcohol than other regions. The main aim of this article is to assess whether findings from cognitive–behavioral studies of FASDs yield a profile that maps onto the pattern of damage revealed by neuroanatomical investigations. To achieve this aim, the findings from studies that have investigated elementary functions (e.g., associative learning), general functions (e.g., intellectual abilities), specific functions (e.g., language and memory) and behavior in children and adults with FASDs are examined. The cognitive–behavioral profile emerging from the data is defined as a generalized deficit in processing and integrating complex informat...


In this study, a unique combination of concepts such as hospitality, digitalisation and responsible research and innovation is brought together in the Responsible Digital Hospitality Quality Scale. This conceptual tool is more than a website benchmark or customer satisfaction measurement tool. It measurably defines responsible digital hospitality in six key domains and twenty-three elements using a visual representation of individual element scores and thereby enables digital brand owners, designers and communication experts to constructive communication and self-reflection on a status of a digital brand. The aim of reflexivity and real time assessment are tested in a small focus group session with digital experts. Literature study and expert insights are combined in an iteration process of tool design in order to develop a valid tool in survey format. Additionally, a theoretical framework is developed that combines theories of electronic service quality, user experience, RRI and interactivity. This framework could possibly function as talkative tool alone, however is not further researched within this study. More extended research on figure representation and inclusion of fun elements could provide extra value to the RDH quality tool design in the future.


According to one embodiment, a semiconductor light emitting device includes not less than three chips (3a, 3b), each of the chips including a semiconductor layer (15) having a first face (15a), a second face formed on a side opposite to the first face, and a light emitting layer (12a), a p-side electrode (16) provided on the second face in a region having the light emitting layer, and an n-side electrode (17) provided on the second face in a region without having the light emitting layer; and fluorescent body layers (31) of a same kind provided on the first faces of the chips. The chips include a central chip (3a) centrally positioned in a plan view, and at least two peripheral chips (3b) arranged symmetrically to each other sandwiching the central chip (3a) in the plan view. A thickness of the fluorescent body layer (31) on the first face is same among the peripheral chips, and the fluorescent body layer (31) on the first face of the central chip and the fluorescent body layers (31) on the first faces of the peripheral chips have thicknesses different from each other.


IN the preface of King Alfred's Old English rendering of the Consolatio Philosophiae there is a fairly clear implication that Boethius died as a martyr who had perceived the 'wrongs wrought by Theodoric upon the Christian faith,' and who had 'cast about within himself how he might wrest the sovereignty from the unrighteous king ... ." For the story to be so fully developed, and for its spread across Europe, whether or not it traveled only with a manuscript of the Consolatio,2 considerable time must have elapsed since its formation and perhaps more since the idea of Boethius as martyr first began. Just when this occurred is a problem that has received inadequate attention in various studies3 and is worth fresh consideration. It is necessary at the outset, however, to recall something of the customary nature of martyrdom, and to face the fact that the noble army of martyrs includes some heroes who had no consistent intention of dying to bear witness to a cause. Popular acclaim may sometimes be evoked by the emotional turbulence of the crowd. Considering the way in which Charles I of England negotiated with the Scots, many historians have rejected the idea that he was in a true sense a martyr, and yet the English throng moved by the spectacle of his heroic way of facing death so hailed him.4 At least as early as the manuscripts containing the Vitae, and presumably then much earlier, the stand taken by Boethius was interpreted as that of opposition to a tyrant. Nor can it be fairly supposed that in the sixth century the conduct of Theodoric had only a political significance for the people,5


Fuzzy clustering is useful to mine complex and multi-dimensional datasets, where the members have partial or fuzzy relations. The procedure of evaluating the results of a fuzzy clustering algorithm is known under the term cluster validity. There are three principal approaches to investigate cluster validity: external, internal and relative criteria Theodoridis and Koutroubas, 1999. These methods give an indication of the quality of the resulting partitioning and, so, they can be considered as an instrument available to experts in order to assess the results of fuzzy clustering. In this work we apply some indexes to evaluate the quality of the results obtained from a case study.


The LQ45 index is the rank 45 ranking of the most liquid listed companies in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). By being in the LQ45 index, the company will be smoother in long-term funding because the shares circulating in the market tend to be more attractive if they are on the LQ45 index. This can be seen on the listing board for market activity published on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) website ( www.idx.com ). LQ45 companies tend to have high frequency of transaction values. To be indexed in LQ45, the Indonesia Stock Exchange does not specify how the financial conditions are the criteria of an LQ45 company. This study tries to look at the criteria of LQ45 companies through aspects of financial conditions. This is done by analyzing financial ratios in LQ45 companies and compare them with non-LQ45 companies with the same sector. In this research was using 6 financial ratio with 25 financial ratio indicators. The number of samples in this study amounted to 230 companies then they are divided into 35 sample companies in the category of LQ45 companies and 195 companies in the category of non-LQ45 companies with the same sector. From discriminant analysis, the results of analysis can show whether there is a significant difference or not between the company's ROC indexed LQ45 and non-LQ45. The results output can be used as criteria for aspects of the financial situation that need to be observed by corporate stakeholders. The test results through discriminant analysis prove that there is a significant difference between LQ45 indexed company financial ratios and firms that are not indexed in LQ45 (non-LQ45). The results also prove that variables capable of distinguishing between companies indexed by LQ45 and those that are non-LQ45 from the 25 variables tested in this study include the dividend yield ratio (DYR), total assets turnover (TAT), per-share dividend (DPS), net working capital (NWC), market book value per share (MBVP), debt to equity ratio (DER), current ratio (CURRENT R), long term debt to equity (LTDE), account receivable turnover (ARTO ), operating profit margin (OPM), fixed assets turnover (FAT), and inventory turnover (ITO). The most significant variable that distinguishes between indexed company financial ratio in the LQ45 index and companies not listed on the LQ45 index is dividend yield ratio (DYR).


In the above paper [1], Varshamov considers discrete channels with q inputs and q outputs, q being an arbitrary integer.


1Hixkaryana is a member of the Carib linguistic family and is spoken by groups located on the Nhamunda and Mapuera rivers in northern Brazil. There are currently about 350 speakers. This presentation is based on data collected on various field trips between 1959 and 1975 as a member of the Summer Institute of Linguistics, and under a contract between that Institute and the Fundacao Nacional do Indio. Some of the data can be found in Desmond Derbyshire, Textos Hixkaryana, Publicacoes Avulsas no. 3 (Belem: Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, 1965), with some modifications of orthography, spellings, and glosses. This article was prepared as part of a seminar held by the Summer Institute of Linguistics at the University of North Dakota in the summer of 1976. I am especially indebted to Joseph E. Grimes, who conducted the seminar, for his general guidance and many helpful suggestions. For purposes of this article, the local orthography has been used, and shows some changes compared with that used in D. Derbyshire, "Hishkaryana (Carib) Syntax Structure," pts. I and II, IJAL 27 (1961): 125-42 and 226-36. The phonemes are: high vowels e, a, u; low vowels a, o; consonants p, t, tx (alveopalatal affricate), k, b, d, dy (alveopalatal stop), f (bilabial fricative), s, x (alveopalatal fricative), m, n, ny (alveopalatal nasal), r (alveolar flap), ry (alveopalatal flap with lateral release), w, y, h.


SYSTAT is a general‐purpose statistics package originally developed by Leland Wilkinson and now owned and developed by Cranes Software International, Bangalore, India. Its distinguishing features are a terse scripting language, a simple graphical user interface, a small footprint, accurate algorithms, and a comprehensive statistical graphics engine. Over the last 20 years, SYSTAT has had implementations of CP/M, DOS, Windows, Unix, and Macintosh operating systems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


Parametric polymorphism enables programmers to express algorithms independently of the types of values that they operate on. The approach used to implement parametric polymorphism can have important performance implications. One popular approach, erasure, uses a uniform representation for generic data, which entails primitive boxing and other indirections that harm performance. Erasure destroys type information that could be used by language implementations to optimize generic code. We present TASTyTruffle, an implementation for a subset of the Scala programming language. Instead of JVM bytecode, TASTyTruffle interprets Scala's TASTy intermediate representation, a typed representation wherein generic types are not erased. TASTy's precise type information empowers TASTyTruffle to implement generic code more effectively. In particular, it allows TASTyTruffle to reify types as run-time objects that can be passed around. Using reified types, TASTyTruffle supports heterogeneous box-free representations for generic values. TASTyTruffle also uses reified types to specialize generic code, producing monomorphic copies of generic code that can be easily and reliably optimized by its just-in-time (JIT) compiler. Empirically, TASTyTruffle is competitive with standard JVM implementations on a small set of benchmark programs; when generic code is used with multiple types, TASTyTruffle consistently outperforms the JVM. The precise type information in TASTy enables TASTyTruffle to find additional optimization opportunities that could not be uncovered with erased JVM bytecode.


Imperfections in manufacturing processes may cause unwanted connections (faults) that are added to the nominal, "golden", design of an electronic circuit. By fault simulation we simulate all situations: a huge number of new connections and each with many different values, up to the regime of large deviations, for the newly added element. We also consider "opens" (broken connections). A strategy is developed to efficiently simulate the faulty solutions until their moment of detection. We fully exploit the hierarchical structure of the circuit. Fast fault simulation is achieved in which the golden solution and all faulty solutions are calculated over the same time step.


The U.S. manufacturing sector has become the poster child of the jobless recovery, the latest victim of the Bubble Economy. On Labor Day 2003 President Bush called for the creation of a new position of Assistant Secretary for Manufacturing in the Department of Commerce. The National Association of Manufacturers has called for a new strategy for renewal of U.S. manufacturing, referring to the sector as being in "jeopardy." Congress is even considering legislation, such as the American Jobs Creation Act (H.R. 2896), that would lower the corporate income tax rate for the nation's manufacturing sector. Secretary of Treasury Snow has succeeded in reversing long-standing U.S. exchange rate policy, calling for "flexibility" of Chinese and Japanese exchange rates. But the focus is on two countries where he believes that flexibility would lead to a lower value of the dollar (and not, for example, Hong Kong, where it would not). The new U.S. policy has succeeded in pushing down the dollar sharply against nearly all our major trading partners, the true objective of the policy. The political and economic policy situation is becoming critical. In the 1980s, the "deindustrialization" of America and the hollowing out of the American corporation threatened to turn us in to a nation of hamburger flippers and promised a Day of Reckoning. The irony was that manufacturing and the economy as a whole were enjoying a surge of policy-induced economic growth that had not been seen for two decades and that was restoring some faith in the continuing promise of the American Dream. Pundits are always looking for a new whipping boy symbolize US economic decline. In the mid-1980s it was the "deindustrialization" of America reflected in the massive current account deficit. But this time things could get nastier. A large current account deficit is back and has remained in the face of another jobless recovery, i.e., an economic expansion without a recovery in employment. And the decline in overall employment is heavily concentrated in manufacturing sector job losses. A more patient and optimistic perspective could be offered by reflecting on the euphoria of the new economy with its rapid productivity growth, advances that appear to be continuing. But instead, memories of recent boom times have apparently simply reinforced concerns about the demise of US manufacturing. As a result, the rhetoric of industrial decline and political intervention to protect industry and jobs is growing. Has there been a structural shift in the U.S. economy that has doomed the manufacturing sector? Are government policies necessary for renewal? This paper attempts to provide some perspective on the decline in manufacturing employment and whether it represents a fundamental structural shift that requires public policy assistance to halt and/or reverse. It also assesses some potential policy efforts to aid the sector and the outlook for manufacturing employment.


What are the effects of sediment resuspension events on nutrient and trace metal mobilisation along an estuarine continuum? A. VIDAL DURÀ, I.T. BURKE, D.I. STEWART, R.J.G. MORTIMER School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK (*firstname.lastname@example.com) School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK School of Animal Rural & Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, UK


The effects of metal ions and urea on the alkaline phosphatase(AKP) from Apis cerana cerana Fabricius were studied.The results were as follows: Na~+,K~+ and Li~+(1.0-10.[KG8]0 mmol·L~(-1)) had no effect on the enzyme activity;Mg~(2+),Ca~(2+),Ba~(2+)(0-5.5 mmol·L~(-1)) could activate the enzyme;Ni~(2+),Mn~(2+),Co~(2+)and Zn~(2+)(0-200 μmol·L~(-1)) could activate the enzyme,but in this range of concentration,Cu~(2+) could inhibit the enzyme;in the range of 0-150 μmol·L~(-1),Hg~(2+),Ag~+ and Cd~(2+) could inhibit the AKP;the concentration of the urea(lower than 3 mol·L~(-1) or higher than 3 mol·L~(-1)) inactivated the enzyme.


The lid of the beverage container includes a hinge connecting the inner cover, outer cover, and an inner cover to the outer cover. Beverage container includes a cold beverage, hot beverage or foam or creamy beverage, in terms of being suitable for use in beverage containers, a multi-purpose. The lid of the beverage container is preferably tap hole lines for straw, ridges, reservoir bottom recess portion, and the beverage into the mouth to drink from the opening of the pair of the inner cover, a pair of preventing the direct flow including the wall of the holding. Use and preparation of the lid of the beverage container is also described. .The


The paper presents a calibration of scanning microwave microscopy signals for doping profiling in MOS systems. The experimentally obtained S-parameters are matched through a linear relation to the calculated MOS system capacitance and then to doping. The proposed approach is verified by simulations with the equivalent LCR circuit as well as by experimental results obtained on a calibration sample with differently doped areas.


Abstract Two experiments investigated morphological decomposition in ambiguous novel compounds such as BUSHEATER, which can be parsed as either BUS-HEATER or BUSH-EATER. It was found that subjects' parsing choices for such words are influenced by orthographic constraints, but that these constraints do not operate prelexically. Lexical decision response times for ambiguous novel compounds were found to be longer than those for non-ambiguous novel compounds such as LARKEATER. This finding supports the view that all legal lexical entries in a multimorphemic string are automatically activated during visual word recognition. The claim that morphological parsing proceeds from left to right and lexical access is automatic and obligatory is presented as the Automatic Progressive Parsing and Lexical Excitation (APPLE) model of lexical processing.


Evidence from nonrandomized studies suggests that antenatal corticosteroid treatment is associated with lower incidence of neonatal mortality and respiratory distress syndrome in twins. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether antenatal corticosteroid treatment is associated with improved neonatal outcomes in twins. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, from inception through August 12, 2021. We did not search ClinicalTrials.gov because our inclusion criteria were restricted to nonrandomized studies. METHODS of STUDY SELECTION: Records (n=7,802) were screened in Rayyan by two independent reviewers. We included all nonrandomized studies that compared antenatal corticosteroid treatment with no treatment in twins. Our outcomes of interest were neonatal mortality, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis, periventricular leukomalacia, and retinopathy of prematurity. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: We used the ROBINS-I tool (Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies - of Interventions) to assess risk of bias. We performed random-effects meta-analyses of estimates from studies without critical risk of bias due to confounding, and reported summary adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs. Eighteen cohort studies (that reported on 33,152 neonates) met inclusion criteria. Sixteen studies restricted to preterm gestational ages, and 11 defined exposed neonates based on an optimal corticosteroid administration-to-birth interval. Limitations due to confounding and selection bias were common concerns for the risk-of-bias assessments (n=14 at critical or higher), and 11 studies did not account for clustering within twin pairs in their analyses. All included studies had at least moderate risk of bias. Meta-analysis showed that antenatal corticosteroid administration was associated with lower odds of neonatal mortality (aOR 0.59, 95% CI 0.43–0.80, I2 69%, five studies, 20,312 neonates) and RDS (aOR 0.70, 95% CI 0.57–0.86, I2 67%, seven studies, 20,628 neonates) in twins. Results were inconclusive for the other outcomes. CONCLUSION: Evidence from nonrandomized studies suggests antenatal corticosteroids are associated with lower incidence of neonatal mortality and RDS in twins. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO, CRD42020205302.


We examined visual search performance using 52-cm liquid-crystal (LCD) and cathode-ray tube (CRT) displays. Twenty-four participants searched for color-coded navy tactical display symbols using LCD and CRT displays viewed on and off-axis (60 degrees of azimuth). Observers' sensitivity was lower when searching for red and blue symbols (vs. white) viewed off-axis on the LCD, with no comparable problem for off-axis CRT. Colored symbols viewed off-axis on the LCD also produced longer response times in feature search and lower search efficiency in conjunction search. Color coding improved search efficiency overall, relative to an earlier experiment with monochrome (white) symbols (20-80 vs. 200 ms per item). The results argue against the use of current LCD technology for off-axis viewing when color coding is used, but also suggest that LCD and CRT displays are equally effective for on-axis viewing.


As our population ages, there is increasing demand for personal care assistance at home. The personal care aide position is projected to be the fastest growing occupation in the United States between 2010 and 2020, despite its very low pay. Low compensation contributes to high turnover rates, which are costly to employers, society and elders needing care. This article reports on a thematic analysis of interviews with 252 home care aides—employed by agencies throughout a rural state—whose employment status was tracked for 18 months. "Leavers" (n = 88, 34.9%) were interviewed at the point of termination regarding reasons for job separation; "stayers" (n = 164), interviewed at the end of the study period, were asked what might cause them to leave their jobs. The issue of compensation was central to both groups, with low pay; insecure hours; and lack of health insurance, mileage reimbursement, and paid holidays and sick days emerging as themes in most (82.3%) of the interviews. While low pay and lack of health insurance were equally important reasons for terminating for both groups, insecure hours (p < .001) and lack of mileage reimbursement (p < .05) were of greater concern to "leavers" and lack of paid sick time (p < .05) and paid holidays (p < .1), for those who stayed. Themes are illustrated through quotes from study participants. Implications are explored within the context of improving job conditions and increasing retention of this critical component of the long-term care workforce.


WT5"BZ]:The paper discusses the control function of feedback information of keeping in literature resource construction with analysis of the literature systems character and suggests some measures to consolidate its function,such as strengthtening staffs training,setting up the system of regular conclusion,analysing information and so on. [WT5"HZ]