Successful proliferation of multimedia-enabled devices and advances in very large-scale integration (VLSI) technology has spawned new research efforts in migrating video processing applications onto ever smaller and more inexpensive devices. This article focuses on the technical challenges associated with that migration.
 Due to limitations in size, battery lifetime, and, ultimately, cost, mapping complex video applications onto resource-constrained systems is a very challenging proposition. To this end, we first consider a technique, region-of-interest (ROI) processing, of defining a window within a video frame and only operating on the data inside that window, ignoring the rest of the frame. By using this lossy technique, the processing requirements can be reduced by roughly 80% while the error introduced in the quality of the results is roughly 10%. The other technique is adaptive data partitioning (ADP) combined with a content-based power management algorithm. By distributing video processing among multiple processors and shutting them down when they are not needed, the energy consumed per processor can be reduced by 60% without sacrificing the performance of the underlying video-based application.
 Taken together, these novel techniques enable ambient multimedia systems and maintain the needed overall efficiency in video processing.


We investigated the hypothesis that exposure of monocytes to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) augments production of proinflammatory mediators. The production of tumour necrosis factor a (TNF‐α) and the eicosanoids PGE2 and LTB4 from human monocytes was evaluated after exposure to two strains of HIV (SSI‐002 or HIV‐1IIIB). After 16 h incubation with low doses of SSI‐002, lipopolysaccharide‐stimulated TNF‐α production was enhanced 70–85% while PGE2 production was decreased. Heat‐inactivated virus failed to alter the production of these mediators. Higher viral doses tended to decrease TNF‐α and PGE2 production concomitantly, but this might be due to toxicity. HIV‐1IIIB had no effect on either TNF‐α or PGE2 production. Calcium ionophore‐stimulated LTB4 production was doubled by HIV‐lIIIB, but significantly decreased by SSI‐002. Three or seven days after exposure to both HIV strains, increased PGE2 production was found. In conclusion, HIV only modestly altered the production of mediators from monocytes. The effects were strain‐specific. In most experiments a second stimulus was required to demonstrate differences.


approved: ______________________________________________________________________ Kathryn A. Higley The increasing use of medical procedures using ionizing radiation has increased significantly in recent years. In 1987, the National Council on Radiation Protection Report 93 (NCRP) reported that the average exposure ionizing radiation was 53mRem/year (0.53mSv/year). In their most recent study on radiation exposures NCRP Report 160 in 2009, the average exposure to ionizing radiation was 297.6mRem/year (2.976mSv/year). This is increase of over 243.6mRem/year (2.436mSv/year). In an effort to show that modern invasive cardiovascular imaging systems with their advanced imaging hardware and image reconstruction software processes; a reduction in the patient exposure rate while providing acceptable image resolution is possible. Several imaging systems were tested using both image intensified (II) and flat panel detector (FPD) imaging. By reducing the entrance exposure rate, diagnostic acceptable image spatial and contrast resolution standards were exceeded. The dose rate reduction from using a FPD over an II system in the same fluoroscopic normal dose mode of operation was over 10.2%. An even greater dose reduction of 38.8% was seen by operating the FPD in low fluoroscopic dose mode while maintaining diagnostic acceptable image spatial and contrast resolution standards as well. A similar reduction in dose rates were seen while operating in the cine mode of imaging. © Copyright by W. Scott Helms November 24, 2014 All Rights Reserved A Quantitative Comparison of Cardiovascular Imaging Systems With Respect to the Resolution Capabilities and the Resulting Skin Entrance Doses Operating in Both Fluoroscopic and Cine Mode


This paper follows the logic of financial investment strategies based on WGAN, one of AI algorithms. The trend prediction module and the distribution characteristics of price time series are on the basis of the WGAN. Multiple factors extraction and analysis are on the basis of natural language processing technology. Buy-sell decision module is based on DQN algorithm which is one of reinforcement learning algorithms. And a designed risk control network is used as a protector for capital of investors. A multiple feature combination is proposed to describe the stock market. In the end, four Sector ETFs were selected to make simulation experiments.


Sketch-based method is widely used in lots of applications. However, a simple transfer of the sketch-based method to mobile platform is not acceptable for game applications, since they have very strict latency requirements and less tolerance for sketch recognition ambiguity. In this paper we propose an efficient and unambiguous approach for sketch-based game manipulation. Special gestures and recognition algorithm designed only for games help accelerate input, reduce latency and avoid ambiguity. The gestures are simple but tolerant, easy to encode, and the recognition algorithm is able to give the unique correct result as soon as the sketching is completed without any selection or confirmation mechanism.


Rutting is a typical distress of rubber asphalt pavement under heavy loads. It is necessary to present a proper method to evaluate the high-temperature performance of rubber asphalt mixture. A newly developed repeated local-load permanent deformation test (RLLPDT) was conducted to evaluate the high-temperature performance of rubber asphalt mixtures. The Origin software is utilized to fit the test curve with creep models. Then the creep model and high temperature evaluation index (D1, Fn) were chosen according to their correlations along with the rutting test results and dynamic stability. The effectiveness and variability of D1 and Fn were verified. At last, the high temperature evaluation standard of crumb rubber asphalt (AR-VS13) and stabilized rubber asphalt (SUP-13 and SMA-13) mixture based on D1 and Fn was given according to the result of dynamic stability.


[Objective] In order to know the disease death composition and distribution of residents in Nanchang,to find seriously harmful diseases,to provide scientific basis in setting down policy and measurement of disease control and prevention.[Methods] The death cause was classified by international standard ICD-10 .The death rate and PYLL were as statistic index.[Results] In Nanchang City,the average death rate of the county was 538.2475 / 100 000 in 2005.The average death rate of man was 559.6823 / 100 000 and the average death rate of woman was 515.2726 / 100 000.The circulation system disease,tumor,respiratory disease,damnification and poisoning disease and infection disease separately took the first 5 places among all death causes.[Conclusion] At present,the main death cause is chronic noninfectious disease.But the infectious disease,damnification and poisoning disease are important parts so they should be paid much more attention.


Strong light scattering in skin prevents precise targeting of optical energy in therapeutic and diagnostic applic ations. Optical immersion based on matching refractive index of scattering centers with that of surrounding matter through introduction of an exogenous index‐matching agent can alleviate the problem. However, slow diffusion of the index‐matching agent through skin barrier makes practical implementation of this approach difficult. We propose a method of accelerating penetration of the index‐matching compounds by enhancing skin permeability through creating a lattice of micro‐zones (islets) of limited thermal damage in the stratum corneum (SC).


Allergic sensitization and diseases have been reported to have a very high and increasing prevalence in elite athletes. Over 80% of allergic athletes are poly‐sensitized.


At the salinity of 15.00,the activities of the pepsin and trypsin of juvenile Lateolabrax japonicus are examined during starvation and refeeding.The tested juvenile Lateolabrax japonicus are domesticated in a short time,and then the hunger experimentation is started.The tested juvenile Lateolabrax japonicus are divided into two groups(the starved group and the feeding group).The course of starvation lasts for 6 days.During the experiment,the juvenile of the starved group are starved 6 days,and then feed the frozen larval chironomid to them.At the same time,the juvenile of the feeding group are fed by the frozen larval chironomid from beginning to end.The results show that the activities of the pepsin of the juvenile Lateolabrax japonicus that are starved 3,6 days and are refed 3 days higher than the feeding group.The activities of the trypsin are lower than the feeding group;but the activities of the pepsin of the juvenile Lateolabrax japonicus that are refed 10,17 days are lower than the feeding group,and the activities of the trypsin are higher than the feeding group.It indicates that the two proteinic enzymes of the starved group are significantly different from the feeding group.According to the results above,it is considered that a short-term starvation can make juvenile Lateolabrax japonicus grow supplementarily.


Effects of the types,compositions and preparation methods of the natural calcium-based catalysts and the process conditions of the synthesis of biodiesel by the catalysts on the activity and reusability of the catalysts were reviewed.The deactivation and regeneration of the catalysts and the elimination of Ca2+ from biodiesel were also discussed.


Recently underground pipelines have been constructed in the places where large ground settlement could occur. And many underground pipelines were destroyed by the ground settlement due to liquefaction and so on in the past earthquakes. In designing underground pipelines, ground settlement is considered to be one of the most important problems.In view of these facts, ground settlement which has influence on underground pipelines was classified into 3 patterns. And for the most critical pattern both analytical and experimental investigations were executed. As the result were confirmed the effectiveness of not only the proposed basic countermeasure for the critical ground settlement pattern but the adaptation of the linear analytical solution to the nonlinear region of ground spring.


Phytoplankton including cyanobacterial blooms frequently occurred in aquaculture ponds. Some cyanobacteria produced toxins that may accumulate in the food web and eventually to aquaculture products. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of cyanobacteria and the contamination of microcystins in giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and Nile tilapia (Tilapia nilotica) cultured in earthen ponds. This study was carried out in green water system of 4 prawn and 6 fish ponds during April 2006 February 2007. Cyanobacterial composition was identified by microscopic method and microcystins were analyzed by ELISA technique. It was shown that the amount of cyanobacteria especially Microcystis aeruginosa Kutzing (n.d.-45,000 cells/L) and microcystins (n.d.-3.20 μg/kg d.w.) in the prawn ponds was higher than that in fish ponds (n.d.983 cells/L & n.d.-0.84 μg/kg d.w.). Both prawn and fish contained concentrations of microcystins close to or above the recommended limit for human consumption (0.04 μg/kg day TDI guidelines set by the WHO). This result implied that aquaculture products especially giant freshwater prawns cultured in earthen ponds with green water system are likely to be contaminated with microcystins. The finding is useful for aquaculture in term of food safety in Thailand. © 2011 Friends Science Publishers


Deficiency in a chromatin remodeling complex enhances tumor immunotherapy Antigens expressed by cancer cells target them for elimination by tumor-infiltrating T cells (1). But, despite T cell recognition, advanced malignancies are often fatally progressive. T cell inhibitory (checkpoint) receptors, including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte–associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), contribute to immune suppression and dysfunction in tumors. Checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) developed to block these pathways and derepress T cell activity have considerably improved outcomes for various cancer types. However, beyond certain rare and highly sensitive tumors (2), responses remain limited to a fraction of patients, and both primary and acquired resistance are frequently observed. Although much work has focused on defining and overcoming T cell–intrinsic inhibitory mechanisms, such as checkpoint expression, less is known about what regulates tumor cell sensitivity to T cell attack. On pages 801 and 770 of this issue, Miao et al. (3) and Pan et al. (4), respectively, find that chromatin remodeling pathways contribute to cancer cell immune resistance through control of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression. This has implications for our understanding of why CPIs fail and suggests that targeting these pathways may enhance tumor immunotherapy.


This thesis aims to explore the metaphilosophical insights in the Investigations, arguing for the importance of metaphilosophy and its critical importance for a satisfactory understanding Wittgenstein's text. My central claim is that a persuasive picture of the work, as having two distinct aspects in tension, should be overcome. Frequently, the Investigations is portrayed as in tension between a positive (constructive) side and a negative (therapeutic) side. This means metaphilosophical analysis has been driven by attempts to comprehend these two aspects in a coherent understanding of the works method and aims. I argue that from this picture there has not been a satisfactory reading of the work, rejecting constructive and elucidatory views, and criticising the common characterisation of the therapeutic view. This limiting picture is overcome by exploring a radically therapeutic understanding, influenced by the work of later Baker. I show how by losing the two aspect picture, we can come to appreciate the text as having a conception of philosophy that has only one aim, which is best conceived as therapeutic. I then respond to two worries for the therapeutic view with two changes in emphasis. One tries to accommodate Wittgenstein's concern with community and shared ways of acting, the other with the dialogical construction of the text. These aim to improve on Baker's view without undermining its fundamental insights.


An analysis is made of the organic chemistry experiment competition's basic ideas and fundamental content,the role of organic chemistry experiment competition for cultivating innovation and practical ability is explored:mobilizing interest in learning;improving the quality of teaching and standards;upgrading laboratory;promoting students' personalized development.


Province of East Kalimantan has malaria cases with API 0.461 in 2015.
Paser District is one of two districts in East Kalimantan that have API> 1‰.
There are several areas that are declared malaria endemic in Paser District. This
study aims to identify factors related to malaria in Paser District to assess risk of a
region.
This research was a descriptive study with time series study design and uses
spatial analysis approach. Unit of spatial analysis in this study was administrative
area, namely the sub-district area, with observation time unit was the year. This
study uses secondary data from Health Office of Paser District and data collection
instruments in the form of data recap. Data was processed using the Health
Mapper application and data analysis was performed by observe at distribution
pattern of the map produced.
Research results showed that the pattern of distribution of malaria cases per
sub-district in Paser District in 2015-2017 settled in 4 sub districts. The area is
Muara Komam, Long Kali, Long Ikis, and Batu Engau. Distribution of factors
related to malaria shows consistent distribution among the productive age
population and population of farmers and planters. Distribution of malaria cases
based on factors related to malaria shows that distribution of malaria cases tends
to be consistent with distribution of low educated populations, farmers and
planters, and population living in malaria endemic villages.
Malaria vulnerable areas are regions that have low educated populations
high categories, farmers and planters population high categories, and population
lives in endemic villages high categories. Communities in vulnerable areas need
to increase awareness of malaria incidence. Health workers need to collect data
and distribute insecticide treated bed nets specifically to forest encroachers.
Health Office needs to continuous coordination with District Health Office
bordering Paser District, to carry out malaria elimination together


Objective To investigate the usefulness of the helical CT in demonstrating the abnormal blood vessels of intralobar pulmonary sequestration. Methods In fourteen patients with suspicion of pulmonary sequestration, contrast enhanced helical CT was performed. Clinical presentation included hemoptysis (2), pulmonary infection (8), and asymptomatic (4). Fourteen cases underwent helical CT examination with different scanner and scan parameters. Five CT angiography (CTA) studies were performed by single-section helical CT scanner (Hispeed Advantage, GE, USA) with 3 mm slide thickness, 4.5 mm/s table speed and 1.5 mm reconstruction index. Three CTA studies were done by multisection CT scanner (MX8000 four-slice CT, Marconi, USA) with a collimation of 2.5 mm, resulting in an effective slice width of 3.2 mm. Non-ionic contrast media (iodine 300 mg I/ml) was administered at a rate of 2.5 ml/s via the antecubital vein. The optimal opacification of the upper abdominal aorta were achieved through the use of the Smart Prep (Hispeed Advantage) program or by using the Boluspro ultra (MX8000). Three-dimensional reconstruction was performed with the workstation. Five cases were scanned by using single-section helical CT scanner with 5 mm collimated section and 5 mm/s table speed. And in one patient CT scan was performed with 10 mm section thickness and 10 mm/s table speed. Results CT findings were pulmonary mass (11) and well-defined nodules (3). The lesions were located in right lower lobe (2) and left lower lobe (12). Helical CT identified the aberrant arterial supply in all cases. The origin of the anomalous artery was the descending thoracic aorta (2), upper abdominal aorta (11) and splenic artery (1). These findings were confirmed by operation. Conclusion The combination of axial and 3D images in helical CT, especially the multislice helical CT, is helpful in the assessment of the abnormal blood vessels of intralobar pulmonary sequestration. It can substitute to the angiography in the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration.


Glial proliferation: For the last decades, glial cells have been wrongly believed to have a mere passive supporting role for neurons. Nevertheless, this notion has clearly changed and it is now admitted that these cells are essential for the correct development and regulation of the nervous system. Glia cell population are commonly subdivided in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia. During the development, neural stem cells (NSCs) (called neuroepithelial progenitor cells or NPCs) transform into radial glia, the primary progenitor cells for neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (Zuchero and Barres, 2015). Microglial cells, however, derive from a mesenchymal precursor infiltration, meaning that during brain development, precursors generated in the bone narrow invade the nervous parenchyma and differentiate into microglial cel ls (Zuchero and Barres, 2015). This proliferative capacity is preserved in the adult mammalian brain, and neurogenic NSCs are stored in two restricted regions of the central nervous system (CNS), the forebrain subventricular zone (SVZ) and the hippocampal dentate gyrus (subgranular zone). These cel ls continue to produce neurons and glial cells during the adulthood, being activated after certain signals and leaving the quiescent state (Urbán et al., 2019). This process, in which glial progenitor cells differentiate into mature glia during development and in the adult brain to maintain and regulate brain function, is called gliogenesis (Ardaya et al., 2020). Besides these two niches, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are present all around the CNS, both in the white and gray matter. These cells are the major dividing cells in the CNS generating new myelinating oligodendrocytes, or to a lesser extent astrocytes and they are constantly scanning the environment and controlling brain homeostasis. In addition, there is evidence of generation of new astrocytes from proliferating mature astrocytes in the brain parenchyma (Frisén, 2016). In summary, the capacity of generation of new glial cells is preserved not only in the SVZ and subgranular zone niches, but in the parenchymal tissue of the adult brain. In fact, the proliferative capacity of glial cells is increased in the injured CNS following neurological diseases. Adult OPCs play an important role in demyelinating diseases, where they turn to an activated state and start proliferating and migrating to the demyelination areas. Once there, they differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and renew the destroyed myelin (Kuhn et al., 2019). After brain ischemia, microglia and astrocytes play an important role, representing the primary defense line facing neuroinflammation. Different studies using rodents have tried to disclose how microglia and astrocytes behave in this context and what triggers its activation. There is evidence of formation of a glial scar by reactive astrocytes originated from NSCs in the SVZ niche, but also generated through proliferation of local resident astrocytes (Nakafuku and Del Águila, 2020). Krishnasamy et al. (2017) showed the expression of nestin, a stem cell marker, in both reactive astrocytes and activated microglia after brain injury. These studies confirmed that glial cells differentiate and proliferate in order to restore the injured tissue, concluding that adult mammalian brain has the capacity of tissue repair following neuroinflammation.


The secondorder mathematical model is obtained on the basis of experimental data at the PJSC Chinbar (Ukraine) using experimental design techniques. The model describes the semifinished leather filling plasticizing process adequately. The fillingplasticizing leather material is obtained from cattle raw material using chrome tanning method and slicing the material to 1.5–1.6 mm thickness. The dispersing mixture of natural fats and oils: beef tallow, sunflower oil, and fish oil in a ratio of 1:1.75:2.25 % was used for plasticizing the semifinished material. The nonionic surface active agent was used to emulsify the fats. The diagrams of singlefactor dependencies for simulation models are obtained, and the influence of disperse system ingredients on basic technological properties of the leather material are analysed. The studied ingredients were plasticizer, modified filler, nonionic surfactant. The studied quality parameters were the output area of the semifinished product, the total content of fatty substances in the tanning material and the hardness of material. The software calculation module in the Visual basic for Application environment is developed to automate the calculation of the optimal dispersed system composition. The module allows converting multicriteria task into single criterion task using maximin convolution and HookeJeeves method to solve the optimization task. As a result, the optimum values of the factors that influence the semifinished leather fillingplasticizing process conditions are found. The optimum values of the concentration parameters of disperse system ingredients using multicriteria constrained optimization task of the filling plasticizing process are found. The output area of the leather material with a minimum hardness of 19.0 sN is increased as compared to the control technology by 7.0 % with 115.3, 22.5, 23.9 concentrations in the solution of plasticizer, modified filler and a nonionic surfactant, respectively. In addition, the fatty substances content in the finished material is 7.6 %, that complies with DSTU 311595 "Leather for Garments. General Specifications". The developed software module can be applied for the optimization of technological processes of composite materials formation.


In order to survive and achieve sustainable development in the severe market competition,the enterprise in China must cultivate the core competence in the value chain of their own,i.e.to form the competitiveness power of enterprises.Brand is the direct embodiment of the core competitiveness,but the enterprise still face the brand crisis,especially the private enterprise.So it is very important to build the core competitiveness and achieve brand strategy for private enterprise.


In this article, we propose a novel zoning-based tracking technique that combines the sensors' mobility with a WiFi-based observation model in the belief functions framework to track the sensors in real time. The next possible destinations of the sensors are predicted, leading to a mobility model. The belief functions framework is used to propagate the previous step evidence till the current one. The mobility of the sensors, along with information from the network, is used to obtain an accurate estimation of their position. The contributions of this article are twofold. First, it proposes new mobility models based on the transition between zones and hidden Markov models to generate evidence on the zones of the sensors without the use of inertial measurement units. Second, it explores the fusion of evidence generated by the mobility models on one hand and the observation model on the other hand. The efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated through experiments conducted on real data in two experimental scenarios.


Abstract The purpose of this paper was to examine the impact divorce has on children as: well as how parents can help their children adjust to divorce. The negative impacts that .divorce may have on children include emotional and behavioral problems. However, positive effects such as allowing the child to escape a hostile environment were also found. A review of the literature indicated that children's response to divorce differed according to type, stage, and age of the child at the time of divorce. The types of strategies that are being used to aid parents in helping their children cope include mediation, educational workshops, and seminars. The purpose of this paper was to examine the impact divorce has on children as: well as how parents can help their children adjust to divorce. The negative impacts that .divorce may have on children include emotional and behavioral problems. However, positive effects such as allowing the child to escape a hostile environment were also found. A review of the literature indicated that children's response to divorce differed according to type, stage, and age of the child at the time of divorce. The types of strategies that are being used to aid parents in helping their children cope include mediation, educational workshops, and seminars.


The concept of reengineering, as popularized by Champy and Hammer (1993), relies on ubiquitous access to corporate data. Also, reengineering focuses on how the processes of an organization can be modified, to capitalize on this ubiquitous data access, to be significantly more productive. These two features of their program, while often put to good use by corporate executives, have perplexed many information system managers who have tried to reap similar benefits by reengineering their information systems. The paper discusses architectural issues that arise from the reengineering process and what types of architectures survive this process in the most painless way.


Volume 149, no. 2, p. 445, column 2: the text from line 27 to the bottom of the page should read as follows ...... See Hegeman (16) for a discussion of possible mechanisms. It is indicated in reaction 16 that there is transfer of the CoA esterified carboxyl from one enzyme to another. We have not excluded the possibility that the NiEnz has both the CO dehydrogenase and methyl acceptor functions and that reactions 15 and 16 occur on a single enzyme complex. This view has some appeal since it would provide both a role for the CO dehydrogenase when pyruvate is the source of the CoA esterified carboxyl and an explanation for the fact that CO dehydrogenase is a constitutive enzyme. However, a more likely function of CO dehydrogenase is a coupling with F4 (reaction 7), in which CO2 formed as an intermediate from the pyruvate is converted to [HCOOH] via CO dehydrogenase (reaction 14 from right to left). (It is of interest that nickel apparently has a role in the formation of methane. Factor F430 contains nickel [9, 41], and there is evidence that it has a tetrapyrole structure [8]. Ellefson and Wolfe [13] stated that they had obtained preliminary observations suggesting that the chromophore of component C of the methyl reductase of Methanobacterium is F430. These observations have now been confirmed [R. S. Wolfe, personal...."


Sociologically, Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world, however no Islamic party has ever won the legislative electoral since the Old Order. There are limited research which link the defeat of Islamic parties with their own history as a context. This study uses the perspective of historical institutionalism, particularly the analysis of path dependencies and critical junctures to analyze the defeat of Indonesian Islamic parties by linking the past political decisions in a critical junctures framework. This study has two main findings. First, the defeat of Indonesian Islamic parties during 1955 to 2019 elections was the result of a causal mechanism which was related to political decisions in moments of critical junctures. The mechanism had a significant effect on the path of development of Islamic parties and led to the outcome of defeat. Second, the defeat of the Indonesian Islamic party indicates a path of dependence repetition which includes three process dependence paths triggered by three critical moments in the form of political decisions of party agents. Each resulted in a series of causal follow-up events in the aftermath of critical juncture, which were the process of reactive sequences, reinforcement or self-reinforcing sequences, as well as reinforcement or self-reinforcing sequences and reactive sequences, and put Islamic parties on a certain development path towards the final outcome of the legislative election defeat.


On the base of the character of ultra-soft soil by hydraulic filling,it was analyzed that soil improvement by vacuum preloading used in Nansha harbor was feasible and necessary.The application techniques of hydraulic filling,huge-area vacuum preloading and impervious slurry wall were optimized,the measures of applying geotextile to treat hydraulic filled slurry,prefabricated horizontal drain to improve permeability of sand pad and 2-rows' slurry pile used at the periphery of improvement sections,make consolidation effect and the durability of airtight capacity of slurry wall very well.Through in site test,it was concluded that consolidation effect was guaranteed for soft ground formed by hydraulic fill treated with vacuum consolidation method,and the construction technique was feasible.


Prompt gamma rays from nuclear states excited by flare‐accelerated protons and alpha particles are emitted before the recoiling nuclei have slowed appreciably in the ambient solar medium. In particular, gamma‐ray lines emitted after (p,p') and (α,α') excitations display characteristic shapes that are rapidly varying functions of the angle between the emitted gamma rays and the incident beam direction. This angular dependence has led to suggestions that an analysis of certain strong and isolated gamma‐ray lines should yield information about the directionality of the exciting ions. In the work reported here, the shapes and energy shifts of the gamma‐ray lines from the 12C(p,γ4.44)p'1 2C and 16O(p,γ6.13)p' 16O reactions have been calculated ab initio using standard techniques of nuclear theory. The calculated spectra are compared to laboratory spectra for the carbon line, incoming proton energy 40 meV, and for the oxygen line, Ep=24 and 45 MeV.


The industrialized nations of the world have all placed increased emphasis on the control of industrial emissions, to protect the atmosphere. Many types of emissions result from process streams, and as such, can be controlled by operators with the right engineering interventions. However, a considerable proportion of emissions are unanticipated fugitive emissions [ 1]. Fugitive emissions are defined as a chemical, or a mixture of chemicals, in any physical form, released as a result of an unanticipated or spurious leak in an industrial site [ 2,3,4]. Such leaks occur because of discontinuities in the solid barrier that is intended to maintain containment.


The purpose of this study was to develop the Taiwanese version of Bryson and Bell's Work Behavior Inventory (1997). This scale combines objective and subjective measures in five dimensions of work performance: social skills, cooperativeness, work habits, work quality and personal presentation. We established the reliability and validity of the Taiwanese version of this scale.The data were collected by observation and semi-structured interview with 40 subjects with chronic mental illness that were admitted to three hospitals in Taiwan. We tested psychometric properties that included internal consistency, concurrent validity, test-retest reliability and discriminate validity. The result showed that: (1) the internal consistency (cronbach's α) of the five sub-scales ranged from .89-.95; (2) the test-retest reliability (Pearson's r) was good, and the five dimensions of Work Behavior Inventory ranged from .84-.95; (3) the concurrent validity for the sheltered employment subjects was good, and for the supported employment subjects was poor; and (4) the five dimensions of work performance could discriminate significantly between the appropriateness for supported employment or sheltered employment.The study results showed good reliability and validity of the Taiwanese Work Behavior Inventory, and recommended the professionals to apply this scale to gather information regarding subjective and objective perspectives of work behaviors for individuals with chronic mental illness.


Purpose: Determine the possibility of production of CrSi compacts from Cr and si elemental powders. Design/methodology/approach: The CrSi compacts containing 0.5, 1, 2, 3, at. % of Si were prepared from elemental powders (crystallites size:Cr;1-5 μm and Si;45 μm) by mixing and hot pressing at 1600°C under ~25MPa. The microstructure was characterized using optical, SEM and TEM. Findings: The matrix of the compacts containing silicon show presence of dendrite like areas filled with eutectic like mixture of amorphous SiO2 and crystalline CrOx. The dendrite volume increase from 0.7% to 2% for Cr0.5Si to Cr3Si compacts respectively. Research limitations/implications: (Please leave in the title a suitable word); (Could you please put your information in this box): If research is reported in the paper this section must be completed and should include suggestions for future research and any identified limitations in the research process. Practical implications: The described experiments advice on preparation of dense CrSi compacts from elemental powders. It may be used as technology of producing magnetron targets for deposition of hard coatings like CrN/Si3N4. Originality/value: The paper is answering the problem, i.e. describes the optimum parameters, of obtaining of the multi-elemental coating in single target magnetron systems.


We can always read some discuss in the effect of form of Chinese characters to explanations of words in ancient books, but discuss in the effect of explanations of words in ancient books to the forms of Chinese characters is seldom read. It could broaden and deepen our cognition to analyze the effect of form of Chinese characters to explanations of words in ancient books and the effect of explanations of words in ancient books to the forms of Chinese characters.


Excerpt To the editor: Duke and colleagues (1) present evidence that anticoagulation with heparin does not improve the short-term prognosis in patients with acute partial stable stroke. The authors...


In the operation of microgrid, the ability of the traditional inverter control method to maintain frequency stability is limited, especially for the islanding microgrid which lacks the support of the main grid. An improved frequency control method based on the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) is proposed in this paper. Then, the control method is applied to the electric vehicles (EVs) connected to the microgrid to participate in the frequency regulation of the microgrid Firstly, the virtual governor is improved according to robust model prediction control (RMPC) technology to realize automatic generation control. Finally, the effectiveness of the improved control scheme based on virtual synchronous generator is verified through simulation.


FceRI is a tetrameric receptor, composed of a ligand recognition subunit, c~, a fl chain, and dimeric 3' chains. Previous studies have indicated that the dimeric 3~ chain is associated with Fc"/RIIIA (CD16) on natural killer cells and macrophages as well as the clonotypic T cell receptor. Here we show that in mast cells, in addition to the dimeric 3 ~ chains, the fl subunit is associated not only with FceRI, but also with Fc'yRIIIA. Functional reconstitution studies with a mastocytoma cell line indicate that Fc'yRIIIA composed of oe, 3, and 3~ subunits has the capacity for signal transduction. These studies suggest that through the association of alternative ligand recognition subunits (o~,, oes), a common signal transduction complex (33'2) mediates similar biochemical and effector functions in response to immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgE.


This study investigated the effects of an outdoor school experience on the cohesiveness of a 7th grade science class. The outdoor school experience consisted of a three day field trip to Yellowstone National Park. A total of 22 students in two classrooms made up the populations of the study, with the control group consisting of the students in the 8th grade class at Monforton School, Bozeman, Montana, and the experimental group consisting of the students in the 7th grade class at Monforton School. Five null hypotheses were formulated. Dependent and independent t-tests were used to determine 1) if the groups were equivalent, 2) if an increase in cohesion could be demonstrated immediately after the outdoor school experience, and 3) if a sustained increase in cohesion could be demonstrated over the course of the year. The major conclusions made in this study were: 1. There was little research information in the area of group, cohesiveness as it is applied to junior high aged students. 2. The assessment tools used to measure group cohesiveness were inadequate for junior high aged students. 3. The experimental group and the control group demonstrated equality for the purposes of use as sample populations for this study. 4. The experimental group demonstrated no difference in cohesion as a result of the outdoor school experience. 5. An increase in cohesion over the course of the year as a result of the outdoor school experience was not demonstrated. Although not substantiated through the statisical data from this study, the researcher maintains a conviction that the phenomenon of increased group cohesiveness has been observed through increased positive behaviors and writing by students who have participated in outdoor school experiences, and the need exists for further study in this area.. THE EFFECTS OF AN OUTDOOR SCHOOL EXPERIENCE ON THE COHESION OF A 7TH GRADE SCIENCE CLASS by CARL JOHNSTON GRAVES II A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana August 1987 MAIN '■ W372 G-7^55 C-opi S-' ii


Determined attempts were made by the middle classes, and some religions, to legally stamp out working-class gambling in the early twentieth century since it was seen as immoral, corrupt, wasteful, godless and the surefire way to poverty. However, working-class gambling was a small-scale, affordable and endemic part working-class culture and as greyhound racing, the football pools and other forms of credit and on-course gambling expanded it was inevitable that eventually offcourse money-ready gambling would be legalised, as it was in 1961. Had the middle classes not become concerned about the growth of the pools, greyhound racing and the Irish Sweepstake Lottery in the interwar years the law would have been changed earlier.


The people's cognition has changed a lot with the rising of the network society and the Cyber Space.Many philosophers proclaim that the change may lead to the subject losing in the society.How about the future of the cultivating model of tutor system based on the subjective education? The investigation of the intersubjective theory inspires the paper to study the future of the tutor system.While affirming the significance of the cultivating model of tutor system,the paper claims that the traditional tutor system will be replaced by the intergrowth education which focuses on the intersubjectivity.Thus,a new cultivating model of "post-tutor system" is proposed in this paper.


Spatial and temporal patterns of chironomids, monthly collected with the Surber net in the Suyong and Soktae streams of the Suyong River, were analyzed from March, 1992 to July, 1994. The species richness in chironomids was highest among benthic macroinverte-brates. The number of chironomid species collected in the Suyong river were 47 in 33 genera and 5 subfamiles. The dominant species at the slightly polluted zone (β-mesosaprobity) were Orthocladius sp.1 and Conchapelopia sp.1, while Chironomus flaviplumus was most abundant at the polluted stations (polysaprobity) in the Soktae stream. The patterns of species compositions in chironmids reflected the overall impact of organic pollutions. Diversity indices of chironomid community were sharply decreased at the polluted sites in the Soktae stream. Abundances in chironomid species at the study sites were generally divided into the four groups in different levels of organic pollutions. Species richness in chironomids was highest (39∼40) at the sites of YCK and YIG ranging from oligosaprobity to β-mesosaprobity. The least number of species (11) was collected at the highly polluted site (polysaprobity), TCL. The biological assessment based on chironomid community may be effectively used for ecologically differentiating of some highly polluted sites.


We report a theoretical investigation, free of any adjustable parameters, concerning the size and shape effects on the melting enthalpy, for different shapes of "free-standing" nanostructures. To easily calculate the nanoscale melting enthalpy for a wide range of metals and semiconductors, a convenient shape parameter (αshape) is defined. A comparison between the Guisbiers et al., Jiang et al., and Shandiz et al. models with experimental and molecular dynamics results is done. Until D ∼ 10 nm, the size effect on the melting entropy can be neglected.


Multiracial neighborhood integration has become more common in U.S. metropolitan areas over the past three decades. This article takes up the question: are residents satisfied living in multiracial neighborhoods? Traditional theories of racial change predict low levels of satisfaction in these neighborhoods, while newer studies question that prediction. The article uses data representing all residents of multiracial neighborhoods in the Washington, DC, area to study neighborhood satisfaction in multiracial neighborhoods. The analysis finds evidence of shared satisfaction among residents regardless of race: large and equal shares of each racial group were satisfied. White residents were less satisfied than white residents of neighborhoods elsewhere in the metropolitan region, but were unlikely to perceive neighborhood decline. The shared satisfaction among residents of all races and the lack of racial antipathy to change among white residents suggests that multiracial neighborhoods offer sites to promote racial equity.


The theme of this thesis is the study of field theories generically without Lorentz symmetry, but possessing an inhomogeneous scaling symmetry. A number of aspects of such models are explored, including the addition of supersymmetry, and their application in the construction of more conventional conformal field theories. In Part I, we describe a scaling technique by which non-Lorentzian theories with an inhomogeneous scaling symmetry are obtained from Lorentzian supersymmetric models, while retaining all supersymmetry of the parent theory. The dynamics of the resulting theories are generically constrained to the moduli space of some BPS soliton. We explore this scaling technique and the resulting reduction to superconformal quantum mechanics for some examples, including several relevant to the branes of M-theory. In Part II, we build from the ground up the theory of models in five dimensions with an exotic $SU(1,3)$ spacetime symmetry, including an inhomogeneous scaling. We derive and solve the corresponding Ward-Takahashi identities for correlators, and demonstrate how such models naturally describe any six-dimensional conformal field theory on a conformal compactification of Minkowski space. We derive necessary conditions for a generic $SU(1,3)$ theory to admit such a six-dimensional interpretation, and also explore a degenerate limit of the construction that recovers the standard DLCQ picture. Finally, we study in detail an explicit $SU(1,3)$ model, conjectured to provide a Lagrangian description of the non-Abelian $(2,0)$ theory. The theory is shown to realise six-dimensional physics through the inclusion of singular points carrying non-zero instanton charge, which are encoded by instanton operators in the path integral. We explore the constrained dynamics of the theory, which are shown to describe the propagation of Yang-Mills instanton-particles between such points.


In the Photon Factory storage ring at KEK, we found that a longitudinal coupled-bunch instability was remarkably suppressed by applying a small phase modulation on the rf accelerating voltage at a frequency of 2 times the synchrotron frequency. At the same time, a considerable increase in the beam lifetime was observed. This paper reports on these experimental results and discussions.


The degradation of p-tert-octyl phenol (4-OP) in a thin aqueous layer by 185 nm UV irradiation and its dependence on the initial concentration,thickness of the aqueous layer and light intensity were investigated. The 185 nm UV irradiation was proved to be effective for the removal of 4-OP in water. The rate of degradation was increased to more than 95% after the illumination for 45min when the initial concentration was 10mg/L,the thickness of the aqueous layer was 2mm and the distance from UV lamp was 10cm. The degradation reaction was found to accord with the characteristic of apparent first-order reaction.


National Contaminant Advisory Group (NCAG) of Fisheries and Oceans Canada to Dr. Valerie Langlois and Dr. Peter V. Hodson, and by a Canada Research Chair (CRC) to Dr. Valerie Langlois.


Complaints about media coverage of presidential elections have raised concerns that the public may support restrictions on election campaign messages. This study, based on a nationwide telephone survey (N = 549), investigated perceptions of media influence and support for campaign message restrictions during the 1996 presidential campaign. The study was theoretically grounded in the third-person effect approach. The results confirmed the perceptual component hypothesis for individuals to perceive greater media influence on people other than themselves. They also confirmed the behavioral component hypothesis for third-person perception to lead to support for restrictions on election messages. The implications of the results are discussed.


In this letter, the modified least mean squares (MLMS) algorithm proposed by Kretschmer is generalized to fractional order α (0 <; α ≤ 1 ). Such generalization is achieved by replacing the first order difference of the weight updating equation with a fractional one. The convergence speed, weight noise and implementation issue of the generalized MLMS (GMLMS) algorithm are examined. It is shown that for smaller step size, the fractional order α functions the same as the step size, which means that a smaller α will give smaller weight noise while a bigger α will give faster convergence speed.


World Wide Web is the major source of information and collection of millions of web pages. The information on the world wide web is growing rapidly day by day and millions of pages are added, deleted and updated every day in the web. the world is full of questions and the web is serving as the major source for gaining the useful information that user wants. Users searches for topics based on their interest. The big issue that user faces during accessing the web is to retrieve the relevant result based on user query from the millions of web pages available in search results. In the modern era, it is striving to have a search engine which can give better and relevant results based on the query that user have searched. In this paper the pagerank algorithm is analyzed and improved by collecting user feedback and using web structure mining and web content mining through the parameters weights of clicks, weights of clicks time, pagerank of page and content weight. The result of existing algorithm is compared with proposed algorithm which shows that proposed algorithm gives better results based on user query than existing algorithm.


Preventing atrial fibrillation (AF) is a high priority, as it is the most common arrhythmia, especially in elders. Some research suggests that eating fish may lower blood pressure, reduce systemic inflammation, improve left-ventricular diastolic function, and even reduce risk for fatal ventricular arrhythmias via the antiarrhythmic effects of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty …


This paper gives a comparison of a low bandwidth, long range ultrasonic indoor communication system for room-level localization and a wide bandwidth coded system. The comparison is done using the link budget and focuses on range. Robustness, reliability and a range greater than 10 meters can be accomplished by coding 8 kHz bandwidth ultrasonic signals. Pseudo-random properties of the codes permit to manage simultaneous emissions by using CDMA while processing gain permits to obtain a large range with the capability of accurate positioning. Keywords—Ultrasound; codes; CDMA


Internet Voice Messaging (IVM) Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract This document describes the carriage of voicemail messages over Internet mail as part of a unified messaging infrastructure. The Internet Voice Messaging (IVM) concept described in this document is not a successor format to VPIM v2 (Voice Profile for Internet Mail Version 2), but rather an alternative specification for a different application.


At least one wire-electronic weapon with a deployment unit to be mounted, connected, the electrode was fired supplies a stimulus current through the target so as to inhibit the movement of a target. Also known as the tether wire called a filament conducts the stimulus current. One according to the various aspects or more electrodes comprises one or more of the following features of the present invention; That is, an electric field while the binding filaments in electrode functions, functions for spreading a filament from a deployment unit, conducts a function, previously ionized or stimulus current plug in the material or tissue of the function, the target to pass through the material or tissue in the target and with respect to the home function, one or function, and the volume of the region and / or the target tissue of the target tissue to form an ionization path for the stimulus current across the further gap belonging to perform the function of spreading the current density in any combination . In the electrode comprising a body, a harpoon and a filament, the spreading extends forwardly of the body and can be achieved by the end of the filament to enable the harpoon, by conduction through the ionization of the air or the target tissue.


Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry has been used to confirm and correct regions from the amino acid sequences of three large proteins, glutaminyl- and glycyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli and methionyl-tRNA synthetase from yeast, whose primary structures had been deduced from the base sequences of their corresponding genes. The strategy is based on a comparison of the molecular weights of the tryptic peptides predicted from all three reading frames of the gene sequences with those determined mass spectrometrically. The experimental molecular weights either match or differ and can be used to assess the correctness of the base sequences, identify errors that lead to frame shifts, premature stop codons, incorrect amino acids, etc., or identify the presence of posttranslational modifications. This method is very fast and requires little material (5-20 nmol).


Introduction. Sometimes it is not easy to clinically recognize subtle differences between intraocular lymphoma and non- infectious uveitis. The most common lymphoma subtype in- volving the eye is B-cell lymphoma. Case report. We pre- sented two patients aged 59 and 58 years with infiltration of the subretinal space with a large B-cell non-Hodgkin intra- ocular lymphoma. The patients originally had clinically masked syndrome in the form of intermediate uveitis. As it was a corticosteroid-resistant uveitis, we focused on the pos- sible diagnosis of neoplastic causes of this syndrome. During hospitalization, the neurological symptoms emerged and multiple subretinal changes accompanied by yellowish white patches of retinal pigment epithelium with signs of vitritis, which made us suspect the intraocular lymphoma. Endocra- nial magnetic resonance imaging established tumorous infil- tration in the region of the left hemisphere of the cerebellum. The histopathological finding confirmed the diagnosis of large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of risk moderate degree, immunoblast - centroblast cytological type. The other patient had clinical chronic uveitis accompanied by yellowish shaped white echographic changes of the retina and localized changes in the level of the subretina. The diagnosis of lymphoma was made by brain biopsy. Conclusion. Uveitis masquerade syn- drome should be considered in all patients over 40 years with idiopathic steroid-resistant uveitis. Treatment begun on time can affect the course and improve the prognosis of uveitis masquerade syndrome (UMS) and systemic disease.


Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a defect disease of acquired clonal hematopoietic stem cells. It can be expressed as hemolytic anemia, hemoglobinuria, and venous thrombosis. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a rare but serious complication of PNH. Here we report a PNH patient with CVST and review the relevant literature. For patients who have the risk factors for CVST and neurological symptoms, such as headache and increased intracranial pressure, should early conduct brain imaging examination and make the diagnosis clear, and give an active treatment in the aspects of anticoagulation, dehydration, eliminating the causes of disease, and controlling complications.

Key words:
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal; Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial


Self-sufficiency in energy requirements is critical to the success of any
emerging economy. Renewable sources of energy are considered to be one of the major
pillars of energy security that reduces dependence on fossil fuels besides negating the
negative effects on the environment. Sweet stalked sorghums, popularly referred to as
sweet sorghums, are multipurpose crop plants that provide food, fodder, feed, fiber and
fuel at affordable prices to the rural poor, grows well in areas receiving more than 700 mm
annual rainfall and located between 40o south and north of the equator. Popularization
of this crop in semi-arid tropic (SAT) areas will bring smallholder and marginal farmers,
besides rural poor, into the biofuel revolution as it enhances socio-economic returns on
their holdings. In addition to providing a comprehensive latest global bioethanol scenario,
Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of biofuels, this
information bulletin makes an attempt to describe and discuss the different issues impeding
the productivity of sweet sorghum, conventional and molecular methodologies/tools to
enhance sugar yield without hampering grain yield. This bulletin also gives a bird's eye view
of the development of high biomass low lignin sorghums amenable for second generation
ethanol production and different value chain linkage models with an emphasis on sweet
sorghum improvement programs at ICRISAT and elsewhere.


This article seeks to brush aside disputes about when Lie-tzu was written and whether Lie-tzu was accomplished by a real person or a collaborate work. It explores where Lie-tzu stands in the history of Chinese philosophy based on school orientation and the concept of a saint. The article analyzes Lei-tzu's concept of a saint through five parts ((1)稽度皆明、投隙抵時(2)以智籠群愚(3)不橫私天下之身與物(4)至誠感物、統物(5)終北國與華胥國之治), and concludes that a saint should have at least three characteristics of a saint: (1) knowing time and following chance accordingly, (2) not possessing the world for self, and (3) merging with nature. Lie-tzu suggests ideas against autocratic monarchy and purches an anarchistic fairyland called Hua Xu Guo or Zhong Bei Guo. The thought appears to follow the Lao-Chuang school, the Huang-Lao school, and the synthesis of the three religions (Confucianism, Budhism, and Taoism.) Therefore, though Lie-tzu is a collaborative work by authors throughout pre-Ch'in, Hen, Wei and Chin, it must have been collected and finished in the Wei and Chin periods, for the school of thought in the Wei and Chin periods has pervaded this work.


By use of legislation and promulgating automobile fuel economy regulation is an important means of promoting the advance of technology and the conserving of energy.This article introduces the development process of China's fuel consumption standard,and compares domestic fuel consumption standard with foreign ones,indicates that China's fuel consumption standard is more strict than most countries and regions;The article especially focuses on the important effect of lubricant's improvement to fuel economy and the bench test methods issued by relative trade organizations.The paper indicates that the actualization of fuel consumption standard is benefit to the development of top-grade energy conserving lubricant and relative engine test instruments,and will act as a positive role to the regulate of Chinese engine oil product structure.


This research examines preservice music teachers` perception of their music teachers during their schooling. The data for the research were obtained by asking 135 preservice music teachers to fill in the blanks in the sentence 'my music teacher was like a…, because...' A content analysis of the data resulted in 80 different metaphors. These metaphors were grouped into eight different categories. The participants` perceptions were mainly focused on four roles and characteristics of their music teachers namely, 'guiding/supportive,' 'expert/authority,' 'kind/supportive,' and 'inefficacious/with communication problems'. The results showed that, participants' music teachers had an important role in terms of providing them guidance, and being kind and supportive. However, participants were taught in more traditional way of teaching where teachers are seen as transmitter of knowledge and authoritarian. Some negative comments about their music teachers were given which needs further research.

 Key words: Music teacher, preservice music teachers, perceptions, metaphor.


This article presents an automated driving system that ensures cooperation with the driver. The system architecture is structured in hierarchical levels to allow suitable interaction with the driver on multiple driving levels. A multi-level cooperative interaction concept is developed to continuously share control and dynamically manage interferences and decision authority between the driver and the system according to the situation. The system extends the lane keeping function with an active lane change assistance function. The necessary components for the multi-level cooperation concept are presented and experimental results show a good and intuitive interaction for active lane change assistance.


Aim:Dose volume histograms (DVHs) play a vital role in determining the optimal plan for radiotherapy treatment delivery. The current concepts of conformality index (CI), equivalent uniform dose (EUD) derived from dose volume histogram (DVH) does not provide any spatial information. In this study, slice‐based evaluation methods have been proposed for spatiallyanalyzing the radiotherapy treatment plans. Method and Materials: A case of prostate cancer has been selected for demonstrating the proposed tools for evaluating the dose distribution. Three dimensional conformal radiotherapytreatment planning (3D‐CRT) was performed with three fields employing multileaf collimator and the treatment plan was evaluated with DVH. The dose maximum point, conformality index, PTV coverage index (PCI) and equivalent uniform dose were evaluated for every single slice along the cranio‐caudal direction for all the planning target volume (PTV) contours and plotted against slice location. Results: The dose maximum point plotted against the slice position allows in identifying those slices where dose maximum point is outside the target volume. The plot of conformality index gives the information about location of those slices where excess of surrounding normal tissues is encompassed inside the prescription dose. Similarly, the plot of PCI and EUD with slice position gives the information about those where the tumor is not covered adequately. Conclusion: The methods proposed in this study will reduce the time consumed for analyzing the treatment plans and forms as a simpler way to assess the spatial distribution of the dose inside the target volume.


The article describes the security systems at all stages of the construction of buildings and structures, the analysis at the sites during operation risk monitoring measures, taking into account possible emergencies.


On the basis of both experiment and theory, accurate rotational–vibrational line positions and energy levels, with associated critically reviewed labels and uncertainties, are reported for the ground electronic state of the H3+ molecular ion. An improved MARVEL algorithm is used to determine the validated experimental levels and their self-consistent uncertainties from a set of 1610 measured transitions and associated uncertainties, coming from 26 sources. 1410 transitions have been validated for ortho-H3+ and para-H3+, 78 belong to floating components of the spectroscopic network (SN) investigated and thus left unvalidated, while 122 measured transitions had to be excluded from the MARVEL analysis for one reason or another. The spectral range covered by the experiments is 7–16 506 cm–1 . Altogether 13 vibrational band origins are reported, the highest J value, where J stands for the rotational quantum number, for which energy levels are validated is 12. The MARVEL energy levels are checked against ones d...


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
To counter emerging iodine deficiency mandatory iodine fortification of bread was introduced throughout Australia in 2009. This study investigated the impact of iodine fortification on the iodine status of school aged children living in the iodine replete state of Queensland, and investigated which foods had greatest influence on overall iodine status.

METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN
A convenience sample of 30 children aged 8.0-10.9 years living in south east Queensland, Australia, provided spot morning and afternoon urine samples on two consecutive days. Iodine status was categorised by the World Health Organization criterion. Semiquantitative food questionnaires (FFQ) completed by carers were used to investigate which foods were having the greatest influence on UIC. Analysis of variance was used to reduce the within person variation observed in urinary iodine concentrations (UIC) and the data were log transformed before statistical analysis.

RESULTS
Adjusted median UIC was 144 ug/L (IQR 120-210 ug/L) indicating iodine sufficient status. No samples were above the cut off for excessive UIC. Bread was the only statistically significant contributor to UIC (standardized β=0.37, p=0.04) with 14% of variation in UIC explained by bread consumption. UIC increased by 8.7% for each additional serve of bread.

CONCLUSIONS
Iodine fortification of bread has increased the iodine status of school aged children in this Queensland cohort. Despite the small sample size in this study, improvements in methodology allowed its findings to be comparable to other, larger surveys.


In the framework of the SPIRAL1 upgrade under progress at the GANIL lab, the charge
breeder based on a LPSC Phoenix ECRIS, first tested at ISOLDE* has been modified as to
benefit of the last enhancements of this device from the 1+ / n+ community**. Prior to its
installation in the middle of the low energy beam line of the SPIRAL1 facility, it has been
tested at the 1+/n+ LPSC test bench to validate its operation performances. Charge breeding
efficiencies as well as charge breeding times have been measured for noble gases and alkali
elements. The experimental results demonstrated that the modifications done were on the
right track leading the SPIRAL1 charge breeder to the top worldwide in terms of
performances. The experimental outcomes have proved the strong interrelationship between
the charge breeding efficiency and the charge breeding times which are still under active
discussion.


The observed changes in the Flemish Cap demersal community since early 1990's, with cod (Gadus morhua), redfish (Sebastes sp.) and shrimp (Pandalus borealis) stocks fluctuating in opposite directions, in addition to the existing trophic interactions between them, led to the issue of the magnitude of trophic interactions between these commercial species and its implication for population dynamic and fisheries management. In this work, total consumption by cod and redfish, as well as consumption on preys like redfish, shrimp and other species was estimated using a generic bioenergetic model. Changes in feeding habits, growth rates and variations in total predator biomass (cod and redfish) produced changes in consumption at a population level. Variations in the diet were related with changes in prey availability. In turn, redfish consumption by cod and shrimp consumption by cod and redfish seems to have been one of the reasons for variations in population dynamic of these two commercial prey species. Consumption on alternative prey like hyperiids, copepods and other fishes was important and in some cases it was related with the abundance of other main prey like shrimp and redfish. The importance of the abundance of alternative prey for management of commercially exploited prey species is evaluated, as well as the importance of qualitative and quantitative features of interactions between fishing and fish predation for population dynamic and management strategies.


The purpose of this study is to provide information on fashion and beauty which satisfy the needs of 80hou and 90hou women who are becoming the main agent of the Chinese wedding industry in the future for the Korean wedding companies willing to enter Chinese market by investigating and analyzing their wedding and beauty style trends. As for the research method, literature reviews and empirical studies were arranged together. In the literature review, the precedent studies and present conditions of the relevant industry were investigated. And in the empirical studies, the materials of Cosmo Bride from Jan. 2011 to Dec. 2013 (total 36 months), the most common wedding web sites related to Chinese wedding, and wedding fairs were selected and an analysis of fashion and beauty images was carried out by an expert panel to understand the characteristics of the wedding and beauty trends. The analytical results of the study are as follow: The result which analyzed Chinese wedding fashion and beauty images has found that elegant image is highest. Makeup has found that graceful and calm image by arrangement of similar colors are preferred and hair was mainly up hairdos. As for form aspects, high frequency was shown in A line silhouettes for silhouettes, bared top for necklines, normal waistlines for waistlines, and sleeveless for sleeves. And high frequency in wedding dress" materials was shown in see-through materials and in colors were achromatic colors. As for accessories, high frequency was shown in the form of not wearing accessories. To look at these by images, natural images showed high frequency of coordination with makeup with arrangement of similar colors, natural hair, and wedding dress of A line silhouettes, V neck, high waistline, sleeveless, see-through materials and achromatic colors without veil or accessories. As for modern images, makeup with arrangement of similar colors, up hairdos, and wedding dress of A line silhouettes, bared top, normal waistline, sleeveless, see-through materials and achromatic colors without accessories were coordinated. As for romantic images, makeup with arrangement of similar colors, up hairdos, and wedding dress of A line and X line silhouettes, bared top, normal waistline, sleeveless, see-through materials and achromatic colors with head dress were coordinated. Lastly, elegance images were coordinated with makeup with arrangement of similar colors, up hairdos, and wedding dress of X line silhouettes, bared top, normal waistline, sleeveless, see-through materials and achromatic colors without accessories. In conclusion, this is a necessary research for Korean companies to successfully enter Chinese wedding market because the Chinese wedding trend targeting 80hou and 90hou has subtle differences with the Korean wedding trends which have regional and cultural differences. Above all, as the scale of Chinese wedding consumption market are on the rise, it gives useful information to develop marketing strategies of planning Korean wedding wave by understanding their concrete preferred trend not just depending on Korean wave.


Accurate treatment of the plasma density effects requires a detailed knowledge of spatial distribution of individual ions around a test ion. The 2‐body and 3‐body distribution functions involving the nearest neighbor (NN) and the next‐nearest neighbor (NNN) ions have recently been derived [1], valid for both ideal and nonideal plasmas. Here we apply these results to determine the effect of a few individual surrounding ions on the dense plasma electron states and, in particular, on the electron state collectivization by tunneling. Validity of the transient diatomic quasimolecule model, found in literature, is discussed. (© 2003 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


An approximate integral method is applied to the three-dimensional laminar boundarylayer equations, including the energy equation for Prandtl number equal to unity, to obtain a solution to the attached boundary layer on slender cones in hypersonic flight at high angles of attack. The velocity and total enthalpy profiles are of the Timman type. The crossflow velocity profile is a two-parameter family allowing for nonzero crossflow at streamline inflection points. Because of the high angles of attack considered, the solution includes the effect of large crossflow velocity on the boundary layer. Using the pressure data available in the literature, results for the heat transfer coefficient, surface shear stress direction, and position of separation are computed. The computations compare favorably with data from the literature.


The isotrivial Mordell-Lang theorem of Moosa and Scanlon describes the set $X\cap\Gamma$ when $X$ is a subvariety of a semiabelian variety $G$ over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$ and $\Gamma$ is a finitely generated subgroup of $G$ that is invariant under the $q$-power Frobenius endomorphism $F$. That description is here made effective, and extended to arbitrary commutative algebraic groups $G$ and arbitrary finitely generated $\mathbb{Z}[F]$-submodules $\Gamma$. The approach is to use finite automata to give a concrete description of $X\cap \Gamma$. These methods and results have new applications even when specialised to the case when $G$ is an abelian variety over a finite field, $X\subseteq G$ a subvariety defined over a function field $K$, and $\Gamma=G(K)$. As an application of the automata-theoretic approach, a dichotomy theorem is established for the growth of the number of points in $X(K)$ of bounded height. As an application of the effective description of $X\cap\Gamma$, decision procedures are given for the following three diophantine problems: Is $X(K)$ nonempty? Is it infinite? Does it contain an infinite coset?


I have recently heard several critiques of international development journals which argue that ideas and articles about development are dominated by northern-based research centres and the journals they sponsor. Development in Practice has always had a policy of encouraging a truly international set of both authors as well as readers. This current issue is a good illustration of the international nature of our contributors. In this issue we have authors from Iran, Afghanistan, India, Uganda, Ethiopia, Kenya, as well as from the USA, Canada and the UK. We continue to seek to identify challenging articles from across the globe, and to do this we have recently introduced our international contributing editors to reinforce our editorial advisory group. Several articles in this issue show the importance of good evaluation work in both helping us learn from practice and to understand the complexity of development, including those issues and challenges not always identified by programme designers. Indeed the need to adapt as required to changing contexts, to design faults, and not be overly controlled by tight design around expected results based methods emerges not only from articles in the current issue but also from much of the material we publish. This reinforces the need to maintain an open mind about the way development works, and how policies can backfire even when introduced with the best of intentions. Human development, whether social, economic or political, is not an exact science and therefore priority must be placed on being able to refine and change our policies and programmes as well as learn from experience. We have a several contributions using evaluation material. Francis Alinyo and Terry Leahy look at shortcomings in two programmes designed to improve food security in Uganda: they conclude that models based on 'prominent farmers' do not help reduce poverty and they stress the greater need for a gendered approach to food security. Gerryshom Munala and Harald Kaing address the failure to improve water supplies to informal settlements in Kenya through the processes of 'commercialisation'. The challenge of measuring development results is tackled by Mequanent Getachew, who reviews the use of fertilizers promoted by different agencies in Ethiopia and looks at the successes and failures over a 10-year period, noting the differences in 'outcomes' if we take a short-term view as opposed to a review over a longer period. Getachew concludes that we need to revise our use of some of the results-based methods to take into account time and context far more robustly. James De Vries shares some of the lessons of the Heifer 'Passing on the Gift' programmes and explores why these have been successful in some areas and less so in others, concluding that the basic idea of repayment of assistance to other beneficiaries rather than the donor agency has encouraged pride as well as helped people out of poverty. Finally we have a Practical Note, from Sue Coe, on practical lessons on disability inclusion, which follows on from an earlier and popular


Significance The antiviral immune response in mammals represents a balance of T cell proliferation and death. The autoactivated protease caspase-8 has long been known to mediate cell-extrinsic apoptosis, block unleashed programmed necrosis, and contribute to cell activation state as well as cell growth. Here, caspase-8 is shown to restrict proliferation of CD8 T cells in response to herpesvirus infection without contributing to the contraction of the immune response. Prior investigations into this area were confounded by unleashed necroptosis, masking the role of caspase-8 in restraining proliferation associated with adaptive immunity. Thus, our observations resolve a decades-old debate regarding the cell-autonomous contribution of this protease to initiation of antiviral T cell immunity and establishment of memory. The magnitude of CD8 T cell responses against viruses is checked by the balance of proliferation and death. Caspase-8 (CASP8) has the potential to influence response characteristics through initiation of apoptosis, suppression of necroptosis, and modulation of cell death-independent signal transduction. Mice deficient in CASP8 and RIPK3 (Casp8−/−Ripk3−/−) mount enhanced peak CD8 T cell levels against the natural mouse pathogen murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) or the human pathogen herpes simplex virus-1 compared with littermate control RIPK3-deficient or WT C57BL/6 mice, suggesting an impact of CASP8 on the magnitude of antiviral CD8 T cell expansion and not on contraction. The higher peak response to MCMV in Casp8−/−Ripk3−/− mice resulted from accumulation of greater numbers of terminally differentiated KLRG1hi effector CD8 T cell subsets. Antiviral Casp8−/−Ripk3−/− T cells exhibited enhanced proliferation when splenocytes were transferred into WT recipient mice. Thus, cell-autonomous CASP8 normally restricts CD8 T cell proliferation following T cell receptor activation in response to foreign antigen. Memory inflation is a hallmark quality of the T cell response to cytomegalovirus infection. Surprisingly, MCMV-specific memory inflation was not sustained long-term in Casp8−/−Ripk3−/− mice even though these mice retained immunity to secondary challenge. In addition, the accumulation of abnormal B220+CD3+ T cells in these viable CASP8-deficient mice was reduced by chronic MCMV infection. Combined, these data brings to light the cell death-independent role of CASP8 during CD8 T cell expansion in mice lacking the confounding impact of RIPK3-mediated necroptosis.


Acetylation and Autophagy Autophagy allows cells to digest their own components when necessary to survive stressful conditions. Lin et al. (p. 477) and Yi et al. (p. 474) describe signaling mechanisms in mammalian cells and yeast, respectively, by which autophagy is regulated by protein acetylation. In mammalian cells deprived of serum, the acetyltransferase TIP60 was activated by phosphorylation by the protein kinase GSK3 (glycogen synthase kinase 3). TIP60's target appeared to be a protein kinase central to autophagy regulation, ULK1. This activating pathway was required for autophagy in the absence of serum, but was not needed for autophagy in cells deprived of glucose. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae starved of nitrogen, another acetylation mechanism was uncovered. Starvation led to activation of the histone acetyltransferase Esa1, which acetylated the protein Atg3, a key component of the autophagy machinery, thus increasing its interaction with another autophagy protein, Atg8. The acetyltransferase TIP60 functions specifically to promote autophagy in cells deprived of growth factors. Protein acetylation emerged as a key regulatory mechanism for many cellular processes. We used genetic analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify Esa1 as a histone acetyltransferase required for autophagy. We further identified the autophagy signaling component Atg3 as a substrate for Esa1. Specifically, acetylation of K19 and K48 of Atg3 regulated autophagy by controlling Atg3 and Atg8 interaction and lipidation of Atg8. Starvation induced transient K19-K48 acetylation through spatial and temporal regulation of the localization of acetylase Esa1 and the deacetylase Rpd3 on pre-autophagosomal structures (PASs) and their interaction with Atg3. Attenuation of K19-K48 acetylation was associated with attenuation of autophagy. Increased K19-K48 acetylation after deletion of the deacetylase Rpd3 caused increased autophagy. Thus, protein acetylation contributes to control of autophagy.


Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is one of the important cut flower crops which ranks 8th in World flower market (Flower Council of Holland, 2002). Large array of colours and excellent flower keeping quality has made it one of the most demanded flower in the World. The crop grown in open field is exposed to vivid environmental conditions and attack of insect-pest; resulting in poor quality flower production. To overcome these problems, greenhouses provide the plant with optimal conditions of light, temperature, humidity etc. for proper growth and to achieve the maximum yield of quality flowers. Although, carnations can be grown on a wide variety of soil, but its shallow and fibrous root system is sensitive to water logging and prone to attack by diseases such as fusarium root rot and wilt due to lack of aeration.


A geoelectrical method research have been done to find out the presence of aquifer at moun tain and coastal area in Kabupaten Kendal, Central java, February 2008 using VES (Vertical  Electrical Sounding) method, Schlumberger configuration. 22 measurement location spread  out at coastal and mountain area with the 500 meter long each measurement point. Each mea surement point presented in resistivity curve and the thick of each detected subsurface layer as a result of Progress III data processing software. From the result of this measurement shown  that the aquifer at coastal area defined as confined a aquifer with the range of thickness more  than 50 meter thick and the range of resistivity value between 5 – 15 Ohm meter and the eksis tence of the detected subsurface layer shown mostly at each sounding point. For the mountain area, the the deep of the aquifer around hundred meters at the subsurface with the range of thickness about 10-20 meters with the range of resistivity value 10-80 Ohm meter.


ridging. The roseate color was seen through the nail plates. No other developmental defects were observed. On laboratory examination, erythrocytes, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum protein electrophoretic pattern, blood sugar, serological test for syphilis, urinalysis, stool examinations for parasites, fungus culture, trichomonas, and chest roentgenograms were negative or within normal limits. A biopsy of the lower lip was refused by the patient.


With the increasing traffic intensity and traffic loads, it can be questioned whether the application of orthotropic steel decks with troughs as longitudinal stiffeners is still the best solution. Possibly, the use of bulb profiles as longitudinal stiffeners could offer a better solution. Bulb profiles were commonly used till the late sixties but are no longer applied due to high manufacturing costs. However, new welding techniques have become available nowadays, which could possibly eliminate this disadvantage. In this study, a comparison is made between an orthotropic deck with troughs and with bulb profiles. For both deck types, an optimized design is made with respect to fatigue, after which both designs are compared with respect to weight, costs, production, maintenance, and inspection. Surprising outcome is that the bulb deck can be more favorable on certain aspects compared to the more recent trough deck.


Perovskite ferroelectric materials present evidently anisotropic characteristics on piezoelectricity. Here we successfully controlled the morphology and orientations of BaTiO3 particles and obtained the highly <;001> oriented film by a facile interfacial self-assembled method. A high output flexible piezoelectric generator based on highly oriented BaTiO3 film was reported. The <;001> oriented BaTiO3 film based piezoelectric generator were used to harvest the energy of human body movement and the generator fixed on finger provided the highest open circuit output voltage of 0.53 V and short-circuit current of 70nA, respectively.


2-(2-Furanylmethylene)hydrazinecarbothioamide (furfural thiosemicarbazone) is proposed as a new reagent for the rapid spectrophotometric detn. of Co(II). The reagent forms a yellow 1:1 complex instantaneously at room temp. in an alk. medium. The complex exhibits an absorption max. at 388 nm with a molar absorptivity of 1.1 A� 104 L mol-1 cm-1. The Sandell sensitivity of the reaction is 5 ng cm-2. Beer's law is valid for 0.05-2.5 ppm Co(II) with an optimum concn. range 0.08-2.4 ppm. The apparent stability const. (log K) of the complex at 27° is 4.1. [on SciFinder(R)]


The invention discloses a dynamic ageing monitoring system and a dynamic ageing monitoring method for a switch mode power supply of a locomotive. The dynamic ageing monitoring system comprises an industrial control personal computer (PC), a peripheral component interconnect (PCI)-general purpose interface bus (GPIB) card, a PCI system, a GPIB system and an interface unit, wherein the PCI system comprises a programmed switch card and a programmed data acquisition card; the GPIB system comprises a programmed power supply and a programmed load; the industrial control PC, the programmed switch card and the programmed data acquisition card are connected with the PCI-GPIB card through PCI buses; the PCI-GPIB card performs transformation between a PCI protocol and a GPIB protocol; and the programmed power supply and the programmed load are connected with the PCI-GPIB card through GPIB buses. The technical problems that the conventional ageing monitoring system has low universality, dynamic parameters of a power supply board to be detected in the ageing process are lack of detection and result judgment is lack of data support can be well solved, so a dynamic ageing monitoring platform is provided for a switch mode power supply single board of the locomotive.


The invention discloses a preparation composition containing rapamycin. The composition comprises an active ingredient the rapamycin, a solubilizer and a solid excipient, wherein the active ingredient the rapamycin and the solubilizer are dispersed into the solid excipient to form semisolid or solid dispersed substances. The rapamycin preparation composition has the characteristics of good stability, high absorptivity, simple technology of the preparation and the like, and not only can reduce the clinical medicine dosage, reduce the production cost, improve the clinical untoward reaction, reduce the individual difference of taking medicine but also can lighten the burden of patients and increase the compliance of taking medicine.


Purified sperm whale myoglobin was deuterated by being exposed to pD 3.5 in D2O buffer for 1 hr, then raised to pD 10.6 for an additional hour, and finally brought to neutrality in a D2O environment. Control myoglobin was similarly treated in H2O. The specific rotation at 233 mμ and/or the absorbance in the Soret region were used to follow the helix‐coil transition of myoglobin subjected to denaturation by acid, alkali, urea and guanidine. Deuterated and control myoglobin had similar 50% transition points in the four denaturing media studied (acid: pH 4.4, pD 4.9; alkali: pH 9.4, pD 10.0; urea, 7.2M; guanidine, 2.5M). The shift toward the alkaline side of 0.5 or 0.6 units of the transition induced by either acid or alkaline denaturation reflects only the weakened acidity of ionizable groups in deuterium systems. Deuterated myoglobin in 3.25M guanidine had a 20% faster denaturation rate than that of control. Acid, urea, and guanidine denaturation curves showed fairly steep transitions, taken as indicative of a one‐step process involving only two states (native and denatured molecules). Supporting this conclusion was the fact that plots of absorption and polarimetry measurements of the helix‐coil transition induced by either acid or guanidine could be superimposed.


We propose a method for efficiently incorporating constraints into a stochastic gradient Langevin framework for the training of deep neural networks. Constraints allow direct control of the parameter space of the model. Appropriately designed, they reduce the vanishing/exploding gradient problem, control weight magnitudes and stabilize deep neural networks and thus improve the robustness of training algorithms and the generalization capabilities of the trained neural network. We present examples of constrained training methods motivated by orthogonality preservation for weight matrices and explicit weight normalizations. We describe the methods in the overdamped formulation of Langevin dynamics and the underdamped form, in which momenta help to improve sampling efficiency. The methods are explored in test examples in image classification and natural language processing.


Abstract. A variety of N2-fixers occur in oligotrophic waters and these diazotrophs make a substantial contribution to the nitrogen budget of the upper water column. A synthesis of previously published and new rate measurements for the North Atlantic provides insight into the role of two different groups of N2-fixers (Trichodesmium and small diazotrophs) in supporting N2 fixation in the tropical Atlantic. The highest rates of N2 fixation occurred in the western part of the basin, but the full data set showed no significant difference between the eastern and western parts of the basin in overall rates of N2-fixation by the two groups of diazotrophs. N2-fixation by Trichodesmium was strongly dominant in the western part of the basin while small diazotrophs played a much larger role to the east of 40° W. The reasons for this shift in dominance are unclear, as is the identity of the small organisms fixing N2 in the water column.


Development economics literature during 1950s accorded primacy to manufacturing sector for economic growth and progress. This view was based on the premise that demand for industrial goods is more elastic than demand for food products and therefore increase in per capita income involves much higher increase in industrial goods than in food commodities. This was reflected in the famous two sector model developed by Lewis (1954) which presumed that labour productivity of agriculture is zero and it involves low cost to transfer resources out of agriculture to high productivity industrial enterprises. This was further supported by Hirschman (1958) who claimed that agriculture does not provide direct stimulus to new activities through linkage effect whereas manufacturing has a strong edge over agriculture in this respect. This strong belief led Hirschman to conclude that agriculture has very weak production linkage with the rest of the economy whereas industries were found to have strong spill-over effect throughout the economy. This led policy makers throughout the developing world to focus on shift of surplus labour and supply of investment and foreign exchange by agriculture sector to fuel industrial growth. In short, this doctrine assigned purely passive role to agriculture and central role to manufacturing sector for growth and development. This industrialisation-led growth across the developing world failed to trickle down to the rural poor and warranted an urgent need for restructuring the development strategy of 1950s (Eapen, 2009). The conventional wisdom of industry as a locomotive of growth and passive role for agriculture was first challenged by Johnston and Mellor (1961) who emphasised that agriculture also deserves recognition as a producer of food and as a potential market for industrial goods. Green revolution technology during late 1960s brought agriculture to the centre stage of debate on economic growth. Rising concern about rural poverty, equity and gains from agricultural productivity from green revolution technology in Asia in the early 1970s motivated agricultural economists to advance agriculture's claims as a departure from industrial-led growth to the notion that agriculture itself could serve as the engine of growth (Haggblade, 2007, p.33). This


Random dispersive media such as the shallow-water sound channel cause the far field of a point source to be random in time and space. Consequently, resolution methods such as d.f.t., `maximum-likelihood estimator? or`maximum-entropy method? are useful only to a limited extent for estimation of source parameters such as range, bearing or depth. This is because those methods are based on the assumption that the signal wavefront is coherent. The resolution methods can easily be generalised to the situation in which the desired signal is random. A shallow water sound propagation model is used to demonstrate the application of generalised power estimators to the problem of locating point acoustic sources in shallow water.


The steel slag(SS) permeable concrete was prepared by SS.The influences of the aggregate-cement rate,the aggregate particle size,the water-cement rate,the admixture dosage and other factors on the permeability coefficient of SS permeable concrete were analyzed.The law of influence was also investigated.The study serves as a technological reference for the construction and design of SS permeable concrete.


This research investigated the tourism impacts on the city of Chalous and its hinterland as an important destination for inbound and domestic tourism...


In this letter, we examine the role of the Ti capping layer in HfOx-based resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices on the memory performance. It is found that with a thicker Ti capping layer, the fresh device initial leakage current increases and as a result, the forming voltage decreases. In addition, with a thin Ti layer of <;3 nm (on top of 8-nm HfOx), there is no resistive switching, while by inserting a thicker Ti layer of 10 nm, the memory window enlarges to about two orders. Very good uniformity has also been observed in thick Ti capping devices, demonstrating the effectiveness in RRAM device engineering. It is believed that the Ti layer serves as an oxygen reservoir, by extracting oxygen during device formation and electrical forming process and facilitates resistive switching thereafter.


s Collection Workshop Trustworthy Software 2006 INTERREG IIIC/e-Bird Serge Autexier, Stephan Merz, Leon van der Torre, Reinhard Wilhelm and Pierre Wolper Abstract. On 18-19 May 2006, the Saarland University organized a two-day workshop about "Trustworthy Software" in order to present and foster the research competence in the SaarLorLuxWallonie region in the area of developing safe, secure and reliable software, computers and networks. As part of the Interreg III C E-Bird project "Recherches sans frontières/Forschen ohne Grenzen" it provided an excellent forum especially for young scientists to present and discuss recent results, new ideas and future research directions to a transnational audience from the SaarLorLuxWallonie region. The workshop consisted of 21 regular presentations and one invited talk. Abstracts of all presentations are collected in this paper, including links to extended abstracts or full papers. The rst section directs to the preface of the proceedings. On 18-19 May 2006, the Saarland University organized a two-day workshop about "Trustworthy Software" in order to present and foster the research competence in the SaarLorLuxWallonie region in the area of developing safe, secure and reliable software, computers and networks. As part of the Interreg III C E-Bird project "Recherches sans frontières/Forschen ohne Grenzen" it provided an excellent forum especially for young scientists to present and discuss recent results, new ideas and future research directions to a transnational audience from the SaarLorLuxWallonie region. The workshop consisted of 21 regular presentations and one invited talk. Abstracts of all presentations are collected in this paper, including links to extended abstracts or full papers. The rst section directs to the preface of the proceedings.


The present disclosure relates to microstructure optical fibers 20, including the covering region (24) surrounding the core region 22 and the core region. Coated areas of including a plurality of covering features 21 and 26, and the coated region has an internal coating region 27 and the outer jacket having at least one ring of the inner sheath feature 21 features in coated background material ( 26) it is included in the outer coating zone (28) having at least three outer covering ring. Internal covering features are characterized in having a first diameter, the outer coating zone comprises a plurality of outer covering features having a second characteristic diameter. Each ring of the inner sheath feature comprises a bridge covered background material has an average minimum width (W Average minimum width (W This disclosure also relates to a cascaded optical fiber as well as a source of generating the supercontinuum light having at least one optical fiber according to the present disclosure.