The purpose of this study was to find the pros and cons of computer-based standardized testing for elementary school students. This research can also be used by educators or administrators to understand the effectiveness of computer-based testing (CBT) compared to the traditional paper and pencil testing (PPT) method. There was little to no research on standardized tests specifically, so general research was found, and conclusions were drawn with the available information. The research in this paper referenced multiple studies which compared CBT and PPT scores according to age, race, gender, and ability to speak English. In addition, this research evaluated the effectiveness of CBT for students with disabilities, and it surveyed students to find their overall opinion on CBT compared to PPT. With this information, it was found that CBT scores rated roughly the same for general education and special education elementary students; the only difference that was found was that students who speak English performed better on CBT than students who did not speak English. With this information, it was concluded that CBT was an effective method for the standardized testing of elementary students. There were some concerns surrounding technology malfunctions, but with proper preparation from administrators and teachers, CBT should produce accurate results of student success. THE PROS AND CONS OF COMPUTER-BASED STANDARDIZED TESTING FOR ELEMNTARY STUDENTS Gonzalez 3 The Pros and Cons of Computer-Based Standardized Testing for Elementary Students I remember taking my first computerized test in high school and being nervous because paper and pencil testing (PPT) was the norm growing up. Luckily, I was familiar with computers so I could adapt easily, but that is and was not the case for many students. The school also didn't prepare anyone for computer-based tests (CBT), so many students and teachers were confused. My observations and frustration in high school led me to conduct research on the effectiveness of computer-based standardized testing; it was important to understand this testing method because of its increasing popularity and effect on larger numbers of people every year. Some groups affected by CBT were students who took the tests, teachers who administered and prepared their class, and administrators who trained teachers and were responsible for policies and procedures. If these groups were educated on the pros and cons of CBT, especially ones higher up in the education system, they could then take the correct steps to ensure that everyone was as successful as possible. The first step in understanding this method of testing was to understand why and when it began. The need for technology in the classroom and eventually CBT began many years ago when standardized testing became compulsory with the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. This was a law that was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in hopes of creating a more equal education for all students in the United States. Standardized testing was implemented so the government could ensure students were being given an equal education; if the scores reported anything less than that, they were able to give schools the tools they needed to improve (Brenchley, 2015). Approximately 45 years later, this act was replaced by the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001 (Alcocer & NEA, n.d.), which was signed by President THE PROS AND CONS OF COMPUTER-BASED STANDARDIZED TESTING FOR ELEMNTARY STUDENTS Gonzalez 4 George W. Bush to help further close education gaps between students in classrooms all over the United States. This act still required that schools administered standardized tests and forced them to submit their scores to see whether the gaps in the education system were being closed. As if there was not already enough pressure on schools to have their students perform well on these tests, NCLB expected scores to be turned in quickly. So, to get a more accurate reading of student success and produce quicker results, computerized testing started becoming more popular. However, there were some issues with this program, and just like with computerized assessments, NCLB had its pros and its cons. To replace this controversial act, President Barack Obama passed the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) in 2015. This act was basically a revision of ESEA and created an even more equal education system. A letter to Chief State School Officers described that this act would hold all students to a high standard to help prepare them for their futures. To do this, they still required standardized assessments to ensure students' progress and improvement of policies (Duncan & Kind, 2015, par. 1). While standardized tests were still mandatory in this act and schools still had to produce quick test results, the information received by the government about student progress was shared with educators so that they could create an effective learning plan. States were then required to create a plan for their education system to be reviewed by the federal government and later implement into schools. While these acts were working toward creating a more equal education system, they were forcing schools to come up with faster methods of test-taking and score reporting without fully analyzing the benefits or challenges that surrounded CBT. For this reason, it was important for researchers to examine how well the current system of computer-based standardized testing was working for elementary students across the United States. THE PROS AND CONS OF COMPUTER-BASED STANDARDIZED TESTING FOR ELEMNTARY STUDENTS Gonzalez 5 Unfortunately, the effectiveness of computer-based standardized testing in elementary schools is a subject that is relatively new to the education system and has yet to be supported by long term research. The primary question that I planned to research was: what are the strengths and weaknesses of Computer-Based standardized testing for elementary school students? Other secondary questions that were necessary to answer the primary question were: Why are schools shifting to CBT? Do factors such as age or gender affect the success of CBT? How are students with disabilities performing on CBTs? Does gender, race, or age affect a student's scored on CBT? Does language affect student performance on CBT compared to PPT? Since technology is new in comparison to the "education timeline", extensive research was extremely limited and hard to find. However, it became evident that with proper preparation and practice tests for students, CBT was an efficient and effective way to track student progress and success.


ABSTRACT Intranasal recombinant interferon-α2b (rIFN-α2b) protects against natural colds due to rhinoviruses, but apparently not against those caused by viruses. Because rIFN-βserine17 (rIFN-βser) appears less active than rIFN-α2b in preventing natural rhinovirus colds, we compared the two IFNs in two in vitro assays against selected respiratory viruses. In a yield reduction assay, both IFNs had comparable activity against rhinovirus types 39 and 1A and coronavirus 229E, which were inhibited by 90% or more at IFN concentrations of 10−11 to 10−10 gram of protein/ml (approximately 2–20 IU/ml). Similar activities were observed with rIFN-βser against rhinoviruses isolated from clinical specimens. At concentrations of 10−9 gram protein/ml, both IFNs inhibited the growth of influenza A and parainfluenza viruses, but not of adenovirus or respiratory syncytial virus in the cell culture systems tested. Thus, the different clinical protection conferred by rIFN-α2b and rIFN-βser in studies of natural rhinovirus cold...


This research explores the meanings that facilitators and sponsors working with Dialogic Organization Development (Dialogic OD) in the Brazilian context assign to their practices, using a social constructionist approach. Findings support the premise that Dialogic OD means more than just the application of methods and includes central metaphors used by participants to describe their practices. These metaphors suggest that "taken for granted" assumptions associated with a subject–object dualism may lead practitioners to reproduce nondialogical relations; however, when such assumptions are cast into doubt, Dialogic OD can stimulate the creation of new realities. The contrasts revealed by subject–object dualism suggest that the emergent field of Dialogic OD has been developing in tensional ways. Recommendations to practitioners include the acknowledgment of these tensions and "taken for granted" assumptions in a way that enables them to engage in more reflexive practices. Otherwise, Dialogic OD could become a new management fad.


Introduction Along with Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse, Paul Klee was a dominant figure of 20th century art. His works, characterized by brilliant color, breathtaking inventiveness, spectacular versatility, and unmatched productivity, have had a profound influence on all major graphic artists to follow, and they have fundamentally shaped our sensibility of art. At his untimely death in 1940, Klee left a staggering 10,000 paintings, drawings, and etchings. When he was 56 years old, Klee came down with scleroderma, the illness that was to progressively disable and ultimately kill him. Although its onset had an initially devastating impact, during the remaining 5 years of his life Klee's struggle with his illness energized him, emboldened his vision, and led him to new insight. It is with his late work that Klee created his artistic manifesto.


CdS and CdS:Cu quantum dots are synthesized by chemical method using 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) as capping material. The samples are then characterized using different structural and chemical characterization techniques which confirms nanoformation of the samples. The as-synthesized quantum dots are used to fabricate simple devices on glass substrate by depositing Aluminium (Al) electrodes on the active quantum dot layer with thermal evaporation technique. The current-voltage (I-V) relationship of the quantum dot devices are investigated under dark, room light and laser light (Red-638.2 nm) conditions and enhancement in photocurrent with increase in light intensity is observed for the devices.


The construction of experimental area will promote economic development of central areas and it is also a good chance for Hunan to transfer its economic development patterns and strengthen its competition power.This paper analyses the current industrialization of Wangcheng county,points out its advantages and disadvantages on the way to new industrialization,and then some strategies for its new industrialization are put forward.


This article assesses the relationship between transfers arising from EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and convergence in both farmers' revenues and interpersonal income redistribution using a sample of 26 regions in the state of Hesse, Germany, over the period 1979 to 2004 and 1991 to 2004, respectively. We thereby combine the concept of sigma convergence with Shorrock's inequality decomposition in order to determine the driving forces in distributional dynamics of farmers' revenues. Additionally, we apply alternative methodologies to investigate how per capita incomes have evolved over time. Explicitly comparing the situations with and without transfers, our results indicate that the CAP tends to smooth differences in farmers' revenues across regions, but does not impede a strong divergence through time. The latter is mainly driven by increasing structural differences between the regions, while disparities in intensity turn out to be less important. The empirical analysis also shows that CAP transfers reduce income inequality within society as a whole. However, this impact proved to be negligible in explaining distributional dynamics and growth of per capita incomes.


Aim: to study the effect features of combined use of pelotherapy and phytocomplex on main clinical symptoms regress and quality of life in patients with knee joint osteoarthrosis. Material and Methods. The study included 96 patients with knee joint osteoarthrosis; the effectiveness evaluation was estimated in terms of American Rheumatologic Association (ARA), the data of visual-analogue scale (VAS), goniometry and laser Doppler flowmetry, indexes WOMAC, Lekena and the index of activity SIA, criteria of life quality questionnaire HAQ. Results. The complex use of pelotherapy and phytocomplex in conjunction with a drug treatment of patients have a more pronounced positive effect on pain (by 35-36%), function of the knee joint (by 26-28%), microcirculation (1.5-2 times) and the quality of life (by 22-25%) compared to treatment with only drug treatment or combined using of ultrasound and drug therapy. Conclusion. The new method of combined use of pelotherapy and phytocomplex leads to the evident regress of clinical symptomatology at patients with knee joint osteoarthrosis, improves locomotor function, microcirculation of knee joints and quality of life.


ABSTRACT The majority of 4 million United States military-connected students attend public schools, and many face various challenges that stem from factors related to military service. Schools can support these students through a positive school climate and attention to their needs. University service-learning programs can enhance the experiences of military-connected students. This study presents an evaluation of the Partners at Learning program, where undergraduate university students provided tutoring to underserved students, including military-connected students. Results show that Partners at Learning tutors reported greater awareness of the unique experiences of these military-connected students, increased understanding of diverse groups, and increased interest in social justice advocacy.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the biology and chemistry faculty students' research activity skills formation and their using at school lessons. The specialized course «The basics of the research activity» is suggested to add to the learning process.


The Fulbright Symposium is an annual event on a critical topic of interest to Australia and the United States. Each year to fulfil its mission of 'promoting mutual understanding between the peoples of the United States and Australia through educational and cultural exchange' the Australian-American Fulbright Commission selects one conference from those being held by universities around Australia as the Fulbright Symposium. The aim is to further debate on a topic of current bi-national interest between Australia and the United States by engaging leading speakers from both countries.


Endoscopy is living period of continuous innovations in terms of image quality, endoscopes, post-processing software and lastly, application of Artificial Intelligence. Therapeutic boundaries have expanded widening the grey zone between endoscopy and surgery, increasing endoscopic approaches in clinical scenarios where, until a few years ago, surgery was the only option New scopes and accessories have made easier to access critical districts such as the biliary tree and the small bowel intestine. In the field of hepato-pancreato-biliary endoscopy (HPB), it is now possible to directly access the biliary ducts or cystic lesions though dedicated stents and scopes, rather than having to rely only on fluoroscopy and ultrasound, increasing the diagnostic and therapeutic options by applying a three-dimensional approach. This narrative review will give an overview of some of most relevant emerging fields in luminal and HPB endoscopy, highlighting advantages and main limitations of the techniques, and providing considerations for future development.


The transmission of planetary gears is a widely used way which has several merits, including compact structure, small volume, high efficiency and high power. Planetary gears are composed of planetary gear and sun gear and inner gear. Because of its complex structure, there are many difficulties when builds its finite element modeling by GUI of ANSYS, while the language of APDL provides an convenient method for modeling, writing the program with the language of APDL to build the modeling and reading it by ANSYS, this method offers an fine way for the analysis of planetary gears.


Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible roles of fetal hemoglobin levels on bone parameters in sickle cell anemia (SCA) patients. Methods: Blood samples taken from 56 SS and 47 control totally 103 subjects were included in this research work according to their fetal hemoglobin levels. Fetal hemoglobin, bone mineral density, bone specific alkaline phosphatase, calcium, osteocalcin, 25-OH vitamin D and hematological parameters were measured and analyzed in the study. Results: Statistical analysis showed that, lower bone mineral density and biochemical bone parameters significantly correlated with low fetal hemoglobin levels at SCA patients. Conclusion: It was concluded that fetal hemoglobin level is a good index for bone status in sickle cell anemia patients.


The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out for the membrane feed channel. The results are obtained with two different conditions defined at the membrane surface: (i) impermeable wall and (ii) permeable
surface with specified velocity. From simulations, the cases in which both boundary conditions yield similar results are indicated


1. East Germany - History 1945-1989 2. GDR Developments in Adult and Children's Literature 3. Publishers and the Lion's Den 4. What the Files Say 5.Case Studies: Hugh Lofting, Doktor Dolittle und seine Tiere J.R.R. Tolkien, Der kleine Hobbit Roald Dahl, Hexen hexen Crime and detective literature 6. If in Doubt, Spell It Out 7. Conclusion Appendix A: History of the publishers, Verlag Neues Leben and Kinderbuchverlag Appendix B: Official GDR Language Groupings Appendix C: Selection of Translated Crime and Detective Publications Appendix D: Corpus of Translated Children's Literature (1961-1989)


Sixteen varieties of upland cotton were evaluated for stability at 6 locations, viz., Jullundur, Ludhiana, Faridkot, Abohar, Sirsa and Hissar. The results indicated significant regression for number of monopods and deviation from regression for number of sympods, plant height and fibre length indicating importance of deviations. The most stable varieties were LH37, H 642 G, 4–1 and D 40 for number of monopods, number of sympods, plant height and halo length respectively. None of the varieties was stable for all the traits. Correlations between means and regressions were significant for plant height and sympod number indicating lines having high mean performance were having below average stability and vice versa.


To troubleshoot two problems arising from the segmentation of manganese nodule images-uneven illumination and morphological defects caused by white sand coverage, we propose, with reference to features of manganese nodules, a method called "background gray value calculation". As the result of the image procession with the aid this method, the two problems above are solved eventually, together with acquisition of a segmentable image of manganese nodules. As a result, its comparison with other segmentation methods justifies its feasibility and stability. Judging from simulation results, it is indicated that this method is applicable to repair the target shape in the image, and segment the manganese nodule image in a short time. Also, it could be used to synchronously process a large number of manganese nodules on different conditions in an image, laying a good foundation for automatic underwater manganese nodule survey. Even if the target in the image is slightly distorted, the statistical data of manganese nodules are still accurate. Moreover, other methods cannot be fully applied to the segmentation of manganese nodule images; in another word, the effectiveness and stability of this method are proved.


Quiet power. How does that sound as a 'brand persona' for nursing? We asked image-makers Red Spider to take a long hard look at the profession and this week we publish the results of their work, carried out last autumn.


A novel approach for evaluating the efficiency of decoupling capacitors is proposed for power delivery networks (PDN). The method relies on the spacing measured from a device reference point to the nearest capacitor and can be used as a guide for the placement and optimization of local decoupling capacitors on chip, package or PCB medium. Simple relations are developed including the mutual interaction between components and their accuracy is validated by a case study.


Experimental results are presented related to the wave mixing in K. The influence of the medium number density, the incident radiation intensity and the detuning from resonance on the spectral, spatial and temporal characteristics of the radiation emitted near the 5P-4S transition is investigated for the 4S1/2 - 6S1/2 two-photon excitation. The different processes involved and the quantum interference is examined.


Functional inactivation of p53 and constitutive activation of the NF-κB pathway has been associated with several human cancers. In this study, we show that IκB kinase 2 (IKK2/IKKβ), which is critical for NF-κB activation, also phosphorylates p53. Phosphorylation of p53 at serines 362 and 366 by IKK2 leads to its recruitment to and ubiquitination by β-TrCP1. Degradation of ubiquitinated p53 is independent of Mdm2, because it occurs in both wild-type and Mdm2−/− cells. SiRNA-mediated reduction in the levels of β-TrCP1 and other members of the SCFβ−TrCP1E3 ubiquitin ligase complex or overexpression of a dominant negative form of β-TrCP1 enhances p53 stability. Substitutions at Ser-362 and 366 of p53 by alanines (p53 AA) result in reduced phosphorylation of p53 by IKK2, decreased association with β-TrCP1, and thus increased stability of p53 and expression of p53 target genes such as p21, altering the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Our results identify IKK2 and β-TrCP1 as novel regulators of the p53 pathway and suggest that blocking of IKK2 and β-TrCP1 could be a means of regulating p53 stability and thereby modulating its biological activity.


George Floyd's murder by the police in Minneapolis provoked widespread political agitation across the country. It once again highlighted the problematic racial dimension of policing and eggregious violation of human rights commitments on the part of the government. In this article we explore how the human rights law and racism in the United States interact with each other? We employ qualitative research based on descriptive-analytical method and divide the article in four parts: a brief introduction, a historical background of racism, a conceptual comprehension of racial discrimination and a brief survey of the international human rights instruments against racism, and the onground situation of racial discrimination in the country. We conclude that the process of negotiation between human rights law and racism in the United States is far from settled yet.


1 The cytoprotective effects of the anti‐asthmatic drug, disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), on gastric mucosal necrosis induced by ethanol in rats were studied. Subcutaneous, but not oral, DSCG prevented the formation of gastric lesions and this effect was dose‐dependent between 1.25 and 40 mg kg−1, with an ED50 value of 6.8 mg kg−1. Maximal cytoprotection occurred 15–30 min after DSCG treatment. 2 Histological examination revealed that DSCG effectively protected the gastric mucosa against ethanol‐induced vascular congestion, haemorrhage, epithelial desquamation and mucosal oedema. 3 Enhanced production of endogenous prostaglandins, which are known cytoprotective compounds, could not explain the mucosal protection. At a dose of 40 mg kg−1, DSCG did not change prostaglandin E2 or 6‐keto‐prostaglandin F1α concentrations in gastric mucosal tissue, although its cytoprotective activity was partially inhibited by prior treatment of the animals with indomethacin.


THE U.S. patent system seeks to stimulate inventive effort by offering the inventor the incentive of a seventeen-year right to exclusive use and by requiring public disclosure of the invention so that new knowledge is made available to other potential inventors. One distinct fact emerges from a study of this patent system: the seventeenyear life is not based on present-day economic phenomena but is somewhat of a historical accident.' This particular duration of exclusive use may not give the firm a large enough fraction of the social benefits associated with the invention to induce it to undertake a major R & D project involving a large investment. In this instance, society would forgo the benefits of the new product or process. On the other hand, a seventeen-year monopoly right might grant the firm a larger fraction of the ensuing social benefits than would be necessary to induce it to undertake a low cost R & D project. In this case, society would bear the social cost associated with an excessive patent life-a deadweight consumption loss.2 This reasoning leads one to suspect that there is no single patent life which might be deemed best. In spite of numerous examples in the literature which indicate the shortcomings of a fixed patent life in general, and a seventeen-year patent life in particular, there have been few real attempts to propose and analyze a system which would yield different patent lives for different inventions. It would seem that a system which advocates a variable patent life policy is one which should attempt to consider the alternatives of additional incentive versus the social cost of monopoly. It is the broad purpose of this paper to develop a system which does consider the preceding and to treat some of the difficulties associated with trying to determine patent life.


We discuss the size dependency of the optical response of Li, Na, and K clusters. The effects of the ionic structure and of the pseudopotential describing the electron–ion interaction are considered. The pseudopotential effect is found to be quite significant, especially in its nonlocal formulation important for Li clusters.


The reaction rates of lignin and hexenuronic acids (HexA) with chlorine dioxide, ozone, and sulfuric acid were investigated. In unbleached and oxygen-delignified eucalyptus kraft pulps containing both lignin and HexA, only HexA, or only lignin reacted with chlorine dioxide, ozone, and sulfuric acid under typical bleaching conditions. The maximum reaction rates of chlorine dioxide with lignin and HexA were 57.2 and 26 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for unbleached pulp, and 26.7 and 13 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for oxygen-delignified pulp. The maximum reaction rates of ozone with lignin and HexA were 58.6 and 132 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for unbleached pulp, and 56.8 and 134 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for oxygen-delignified pulp. The maximum reaction rates of sulfuric acid with lignin, and HexA were 1.11 and 0.93 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for unbleached pulp, and 1.95 and 0.80 mmol/kg/min, respectively, for oxygen-delignified pulp. Chlorine dioxide reacts faster with HexA in the presence of the residual lignin. The kinetic results suggest that pulp treatment with ozone, when justifiable, should follow but not precede chlorine dioxide oxidation. Unbleached pulp residual lignin and HexA react twice as fast with chlorine dioxide than the lignin and HexA present in oxygen-delignified pulp, while the pulp type has no significant effect on lignin and HexA reactivity toward ozone. HexA reactions with sulfuric acid and ozone can be described by two-phase pseudo first-order reaction rates.


Today, the European Union (EU) is trying to determine its place in the international system where there are multipolar power centers. Editor Martin Westlake and other contributing authors lay out the foundations of the Union's new foreign policy in "The European Union's New Foreign Policy." The foreign policy issue, which has been under the jurisdiction of the Member States for many years, has become a phenomenon with the Common Foreign and Security Policy column created with the Maastricht Treaty signed in 1992 (p.1). This phenomenon also raises the book's fundamental research question: Why is there a need to explain the "old" foreign policy as "new" today? The book, which was synthesized from different perspectives by more than one author, makes sense of the new foreign policy of the EU with its constitutional, institutional, political and geographical aspects. The presence of the word "new" reflects the tools, actors, initiatives, and the EU framing these factors (p.2).


Real-time systems need 1,0 be correct with respect 1,0 both functional and temporal behavior. The usc of models to validate specifications and 1,0 evaluate design alternatives is nowadays a for the rapid and efficient development of complex arid heterogeneous real-time systerns. Many model-based evaluation methods cxist. Somo use simulation, othcrs the statc space or the numerical parameters of a system. Each method has its individual input model. The cvaluation rnethods and their input descriptions are adaptcd to specific system characteristics and evaluation purposes, In thc arca of schedulabili ty analysis, this work proposcs a charactcrization of task arrival and processor service behavior that unifies several previous rnethods ancl extenels them towards thc analysis of bursty and utilization-bound behavior. In ordcr to ovaluato all relevant aspects of a system or its respective model, sevcral different evaluation methods need to be applicd. This, however, requires multiple input models for Ure analysis of functional bchavior, the documentation of system structure, and the validation of scheduling algorithms and timing behavior. The use of multiple input models is both error-prone, as the validity with respect 1,0 thc complete system of results obtained from investigating certain views in Isolation is not clear. as weil as inefficicnt anel costly, as several different models need 1,0 be built and rnaintained. This work proposes a novel approach for intcgratod system models based on Petri nets, an and clcarlv defineel visual and opcrational spccification forrnalisrn. A generic real-time system rnodel structure is presented whieh can be used for scheduling arid tinring simulation as well as for formal vcrification of Solutions are proposed for the issucs that have previously Petri net.s from being nseel Ior the modeling of systcms with schecluling. For a model following the proposed generic structure it is shown that certain analytical st atements obt.ained from modcl abstractions remain valid for the complete model. A methodology has been construc:t moclels that confom to this structurc. The model process makes use of a concept that is transfered fr 0 111 the software engineering domain to the area of with datafiow visu:Jl such as Petri nets, Petri net elesign patterns capture bchavior instead of structure ancl are tlms orthogonal and complcmcntary to the traditional approach of rcclucing model hierarc:hic:al Q!,'l1i 'tTl1Tn 0'


Network packet processing architectures use heterogeneous processors as accelerators to speed-up classic application domain tasks. Our platform compiles applications to bytecodes for a generalized packet processing machine, then uses microcoded interpreters running in parallel to trigger accelerators as needed. To make the system effective re-quires helping users debug apps, which includes tracking runtime exceptions. Exception tracking is complicated when a system-thrown exception is detected on an accelerator and the current binary form is far removed from the original high-level language source or associated assembly code. We tackle this problem by (1) instrumenting the compiler and a low-level bytecode tool, (2) reporting exceptions with the interpreter, (3) creating a specialized tool to collate the higher-level program forms with the lower-level bytecode forms. This functionality provides data needed for post-mortem program analysis.


Some twenty years after the publication of Ben Okri's 1991 Booker Prize winning novel, The Famished Road, this volume proposes a spiralling journey into the imaginary homelands of its main protagonist, the adventurous spirit-child Azaro. Over the years, The Famished Road has been attributed a variety of mixed and sometimes contradictory labels (postcolonial, magic realist, mythopoeic, new ageist, picaresque, epic, to name just a few). Contributors to this volume have chosen to look beyond pre-conceived patterns and categories in order to embrace the otherness of the text and accept to be challenged by it. Disentangling themselves from the rationality of Western discourses, they have opened their minds to unfamiliar ground and new modes of being and seeing the world, which entailed bringing together various structures of feeling, modes of knowledge and protocols of representation, both African and Western. The purpose of this volume is therefore to offer new ways of reading The Famished Road that testify to the richness of Okri's poetic prose and his reliance on indigenous mythical and oral traditions. The volume also includes an exclusive interview with Ben Okri who gives insight into his writing processes and discusses the main themes, narrative techniques and literary strategies at work in The Famished Road.


Mixture models have been widely used to model heterogeneity. In this thesis, we focus on the use of mixture models in capture--recapture, for both closed populations and open populations.
We provide both practical and theoretical investigations. A new model is proposed for closed populations and the practical difficulties of model fitting for mixture models are demonstrated for open populations.
As the number of model parameters can increase with the number of mixture components, whether we can estimate all of the parameters using the method of maximum likelihood is an important issue. We explore this using formal methods and develop general rules to ensure that all parameters are estimable.


Summary Nucleic acid hybridization techniques are highly sensitive methods for determining the presence of herpes simplex type 2 genomes. Measurement of the rate of reassociation between labeled, purified viral DNA and DNA extracted from the tumor cells may be necessary to achieve adequate sensitivity if only a portion of the viral genome is present and if tumors contain substantial proportions of cells other than tumor cells. A large number of cervical tumors in various stages, as well as many control tissues, need to be studied to permit a decision on the involvement of herpesvirus type 2 in causing cervical carcinoma.


In this paper, through the example of Antonii Radyvylovskyi's work, I examine the impact of Seneca's texts on the philosophical component of Ukrainian church sermons from the Baroque period. The objective of this study is to investigate Radyvylovskyi's use of Seneca's texts in his own writing. The result should help better understand the ideological influence of ancient philosophy on the formation of the national philosophical tradition of the Baroque epoch. The contents of ideological borrowings from Seneca's texts and the mechanisms of their use are traced. A list of Seneca's texts from which Radyvylovskyi quotes is provided. It is also shown that Radyvylovskyi uses Seneca's authority in his moral teachings and philosophical thinking about the characteristics of human nature. We conclude by commenting on Radyvylovskyi's creative use of Seneca's ideas and the significant philosophical component of his written legacy.


Calpain activation has a putative role in ischaemia‐reperfusion injury of cardiomyocytes. This study clarified the in vivo contribution of calpain to disruption of cardiomyocyte sarcolemma during ischaemia and after reperfusion in anaesthetized rats.


We have built a PET camera for small animals based on continuous block LSO crystals coupled to a PS-PMT flat panel. When working with continuous crystals, surface treatment is an important factor that strongly determines the main characteristics of the detector module. As a part of the work done for the development of our small animals PET camera, we have investigated the effect of the scintillator crystal surface treatment on the PET detector module performances, in order to optimize crystal configuration. We present the results for spatial resolution, image compression and energy resolution obtained when using different surface treatments in continuous LSO crystals. These results are compared with those obtained from simulations that have been carried out using DETECT2000 package.


The aim of this research project was to examine the effectiveness of heart rate variability (HRV), salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and salivary alpha amylase (sAA) as practical markers to measure training responses in elite athletes. The chronic and acute training responses of Paralympic swimmers were analysed during their various training phases and at international competition including the Paralympic Games. Daily and weekly HRV analysis was assessed, with weekly measures of sIgA and sAA incorporated to examine training responses during periodised training. To classify the training responses in elite athletes, minimal fluctuations in HRV were identified during periodised training, with the weekly average for HRV similar to daily values during a normal training week. This result clarified that daily analysis of HRV was not required during seasonal training (i.e. non-taper). However, the analysis of HRV during a taper training phase established significant trends in cardiac autonomic activity, indicative of a readiness to perform. By monitoring the weekly responses of HRV, sIgA and sAA over a typical training cycle, it was observed that well periodised training maintained these indices within normal baseline values. The impact of high level competition, however, created significant depressions in HRV coupled with an increase in sAA. These results indicated that elite level competition impacts autonomic balance for at least two days. As such, implementation of appropriate recovery methods and rest periods is advised to alleviate the accumulated stress following competition. Examining the acute stress responses of HRV, sIgA and sAA, it was identified that these physiological markers respond consistently to a high intensity training session, likely an effect of well managed training and recovery prescription during seasonal training.; Submitted in the fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of the Sunshine Coast, 2017.


In the present paper we investigate double diffusion effects on mixed convective heat and mass transfer over a Newtonian vertical plate. Diffusion and chemical reaction terms are considered in the energy and concentration equations. A similarity transformation was used to convert governing non linear partial differential equations into ordinary. The dimensionless governing equations are solved numerically by using fourth-order Runge–Kutta integration scheme along with shooting technique. Detailed results for various physical parameters like velocity, temperature and concentration fields as well as the heat and mass transfer rates have been presented. In the absence of Magnetic and double diffusion effects our results are good in agreement with the results in the literature.Copyright © 2012 by ASME


The multibeam pattern synthesis problem, that is, the primary beam pattern (BP) and the secondary BP synthesis problem, via nonoverlapped subarray, is discussed in this article. The primary BP is synthesized at the element level, while the secondary BPs are synthesized at the subarray level with a common subarray structure. Different from current works optimizing the array excitation with the reference BP or the reference excitation, the article proposes a novel algorithm for multibeam pattern synthesis via a common subarray structure (MBPS-CSS) that does not require any reference information. The proposed MBPS-CSS constructs a nonconvex multibeam synthesis model and recasts it into several simplified subproblems. Based on the penalty dual-decomposition (PDD) framework, the original problem is solved by iteratively solving these subproblems. In such a way, the MBPS-CSS achieves the potentiality to further suppress the sidelobe level (SLL) of the synthesized BPs. Numerical examples for both linear arrays and planar arrays are provided to validate the effectiveness of the MBPS-CSS by comparing it with the existing algorithms.


The rich physical properties have made nano particles of spinal ferrites to be of great interest in fundamental science. Copper doped Nickel ferrites nano particles were prepared by sol- gel method under stoichiometric conditions. Here we add a nonmagnetic dopant Cu to nickel ferrite nanocrystals and characterize how relevant properties of the samples are modified accordingly. Basically, the doping causes a rearrangement of Fe+3 ions into the two pre-existing octahedral and tetrahedral sites. In the case of the Cu-doping, the Jahn-Teller effect also surfaces which is identified through the FTIR Spectroscopy of the sample. The structural, morphological and the magnetic properties of the spinal ferrite sample have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction studies, Scanning electron microscope and   the vibrating sample magnetometer studies. X-ray results confirm the single-phase cubic spinal structure. The functional groups of the magnetic material were identified from FTIR spectrum.


In this paper we discuss some issues in processing speech signals, especially for isolated utterances of characters of a language. For processing this speech signal we have no clues of higher level linguistic information such as prosodics, lexical, syntax, and semantics. Any representation of signals in terms of fixed parameters for each short (10-20 msec) segment is not likely to provide the distinguishing features of the sounds of the characters for recognition. Processing of speech signal based on the knowledge of acoustic-phonetics of the characters of the language will enable us to identify features for discriminating different sounds. We discuss how these features are related to the parameters of the signal. For illustration, we consider the acoustic-phonetic knowledge of the Indian language Hindi. The discussion in this paper shows the need for new methods of processing signals to realize voice input to a computer.


Stochastic equilibria and cycles of the nonlinear stochastic differential equations (SDEs) system are studied. For a local Gaussian approximation of the stationary probabilistic distribution of these stochastic attractors, a new stochastic sensitivity functions technique is used. A method of the spatial description of stochastic attractors via confidence domains is elaborated. Numerical examples for the demonstration of the effectiveness of this approach are presented.


The science of the fundamentals of jurisprudence is one of the necessary sciences, as it is the basis on which jurisprudential rulings are built, and from this accurate science many sciences branch out, including analogy. Islamic law, as it deals with new issues and events in all areas of life, and the importance of measurement in worship is of great importance because it relates to knowing the extent of the legitimacy of analogy in worship, and the reader of Islamic schools finds a great disagreement in their sayings, some of them deny it and some of them allow it, so the study aims to address this topic To achieve this goal, the researcher used the analytical inductive method, and in this research a new addition in the field of studies related to the principles of jurisprudence, and the study concluded with the most important results, including that analogy is a legitimate argument to prove judgments, which is the fourth evidence of judgments, and this is the opinion of the public, the permissibility of analogy in acts of worship with reasonable meaning. That is, whatever the cause is known, and as for acts of worship whose meaning is unknown, it is not permissible to measure them, such as measuring the night fast over the day, and this is what the majority of scholars went to.


This paper solves the combinatorics relating the intersection theory of $\psi $-classes of Hassett spaces to that of $\overline{{\mathcal{M}}}_{g,n}$. A generating function for intersection numbers of $\psi $-classes on all Hassett spaces is obtained from the Gromov–Witten potential of a point via a non-invertible transformation of variables. When restricting to diagonal weights, the changes of variables are invertible and explicitly described as polynomial functions. Finally, the comparison of potentials is extended to the level of cycles: the pinwheel cycle potential, a generating function for tautological classes of rational tail type on $\overline{{\mathcal{M}}}_{g,n}$ is the right instrument to describe the pull-back to $\overline{{\mathcal{M}}}_{g,n}$ of all monomials of $\psi $-classes on Hassett spaces.


Feedback from residents may be an important component of the learning process for medical students in the clerkship year. In this study, we investigated what kind of feedback medical students in the clerkship year desired from residents and whether these needs changed over the course of the clerkship year. Over the course of 1 year, 69 students from one medical school class participated in meetings in which the nominal group technique was used to identify their feedback needs. Six students were also individually interviewed. Feedback needs early in the clerkship year were closely linked with students' needs for goals clarification. As the year progressed, students required less communication from residents regarding expectations and more feedback on specific skills, notably physical examination skills, clinical skills, or both and written communication. Feedback either early or at a midpoint in the clerkship appeared to be an important need. Both positive and negative feedback were frequently mentioned. T...


The application of artificial neural network approaches has been successful in solving complex civil engineering problems, such as damage detection and structural member capacity prediction. Within the context of the present study, corrosion has become the main factor limiting the safety and load-carrying capacity of aging steel bridge girders. Corrosion damage is often most severe near girder ends in simple-span bridges due to deck joint leakage and the pooling of water and de-icing salts. In addition to empirical methods, Finite Element (FE) analysis is typically used to evaluate the residual bearing capacity of corroded steel girders. However, it is prohibitively challenging and time-consuming to create an accurate FE model of a corroded girder due to the irregular nature of corrosion damage. Resultantly, corrosion damage is often reduced to uniform section loss, which leads to unreliable estimates of a girder's residual bearing capacity. Researchers have proposed methodologies for modeling irregular corrosion damage, but these approaches require a high level of expertise. A comprehensive method is therefore required to efficiently estimate the residual bearing capacity of a corroded steel girder. This paper proposes the use of neural networks to predict the residual bearing capacity of corroded steel plate models as a first step in estimating the residual bearing capacity of an in-service girder. Neural networks are constructed and trained on a database built from FE analysis performed on steel plate models with realistic representations of corrosion damage. This study assesses the ability of neural networks to estimate the compressive capacity of corroded steel plates since plate girders are one of the most prevalent girder forms in steel bridges. Three types of neural networks are trained to predict the compressive capacity of corroded plate models, including a multilayer perceptron (MLP), a convolutional neural network (CNN), and a hybrid MLP-CNN model. The average mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) for the three models are 20.65%, 11.46%, and 9.64%, respectively. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of using neural networks to predict the compressive capacity of corroded plates efficiently and accurately, which could facilitate proactive maintenance decision-making for aging bridges.


Through cognizing the definition of reader perceived university library's service quality, this paper analyzes the reasons why the difference of libraries' service quality produces, and probes into some countermeasures for improving the service quality management in university library.


The spike interference signals(pulse signals) of electronic equipment are measured rapidly and precisely without missing by using the area measurement function and transient acquisition ability of digital oscilloscope.The unit of pulse strength is converted into the unit of pulse spectrum density with formula.


The paper examines the difficulties teachers and students face while teaching and learning Business English in Ukrainian higher institutions; identifies and evaluates the problems of teaching English to future lawyers; determines the main methods and methodological approaches in teaching English for Specific Purposes and Business English to future lawyers. The authors describe a project recently piloted at the Academy of the State Penitentiary Service (Chernihiv, Ukraine) in which law students participated in the attitude survey toward learning the English language. In this study, feedback and quantitative methods were used to analyse the data of surveys. The teachers' and students' responses to survey questions were examined. The results showed a shift from a teacher-centred to a student-centred approach in university teaching and student preferences in learning English. The study calls for the enhancement of teaching the essential professional skills in English that students need to succeed in making their pathway choices and enable continuous growth throughout a legal career. Research findings are discussed with due regard to the surveyed students' needs and personality-oriented principles in legal education. The results indicate a need for methodological innovations that will support meaningful learning and boost the students' and cadets' productivity and efficiency of teaching and learning process. Despite the experimental group involving only the cadets and students majoring in "Law" and "Law enforcement", this methodology could be applied to teaching Business English and English for Specific Purposes to a number of other specialities, in particular Economics, Psychology, Business, and International Relations. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.19.6.3


'Like a kid in a lolly shop' is the best way to describe my reaction on being appointed the new Editor of 'AP'. The nervous thrill of being able to have a first glimpse at the assorted offerings from colleagues and share these works with Fellows and trainees is considerable, and has not lessened many weeks into the role. The responsibility is also great. AP must be a broad publication, representing many voices within the College and should, simultaneously, strive to unite College members in these challenging times.


Long-term application of wastewater adds large amounts of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) to soils, and their effects on soil quality are not fully known. We compared the distribution of C, N, P, and Olsen P in the top 0.75 m of an allophanic soil after 22 years irrigation with dairy factory effluent with that in a non-irrigated soil. Earthworm species, biomass and distribution, microbial biomass, microbial activity, and relative use of substrates were measured to evaluate the contribution of biological processes to cycling and redistribution of total C. Total C did not differ between irrigated and non- irrigated soil, although there was less total C in the 0–0.1 m layer and more total C at 0.1–0.5 m in the effluent-irrigated soil. Microbial biomass C and basal respiration activity were increased by 4- and 1.6- fold, respectively, in the 0–0.1 m layer of the irrigated soil. Measurements of relative use of substrates indicated that the greater microbial biomass in the effluent-irrigated soil was supported by the inputs of available C (particularly lactose) in the effluent rather than by greater decomposition of the organic C in the soil. Irrigation increased total N storage by 2.1 t/ha and total P was increased by 11.5 t/ha. Most of the increase in total N occurred in the 0.1–0.5 m layers, whereas total P was greater at all depths. Olsen P also increased at all depths by 1.3- to 23-fold. Approximately 8% of the N and 91% of the P applied during the past 22 years was stored in the 0–0.75 m layer of the profile, with the potential for further P storage. Effluent irrigation increased the total soil nutrient stores, without detrimental effects on total C storage. Changes in nutrient distribution at the irrigated site can be partially attributed to leaching and the dominance (155 g/m2 ) of the earthworm Aporrectodea longa, which forms permanent burrows to lower depths.


A simple method has been developed for the preconcentration of Cu(II), Fe(III) and Pb(II) based on the adsorption of its nanographene with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). nanographene with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)was prepared by solvothermal method and characterizedby transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and vibrationsample magnetometer. nanographene with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)for solid-phase extractant has been developed for simultaneous preconcentration of trace Cu(II), Fe(III) and Pb(II) priorto the measurement by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Identification of thesurface modification was characterized and performed on the basis of transmission electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectra and elemental analysis. The separation/preconcentration conditions ofanalytes were investigated, including the pH value, the shaking time, the sample flow rate and volume, theelution condition and the interfering ions. The maximumadsorption capacity of the adsorbent at optimumconditions was found to be 30.89, 27.5 and 60.55 mg g-1for Cu(II), Fe(III) and Pb(II), respectively. Thedetection limits of the method were under 0.35 ng mL-1and the relative standard deviations were lowerthan % (n= 11). The method was validated using a certified reference material, and has been appliedfor the determination of trace Cu(II), Fe(III) and Pb(II) in biological and natural water samples withsatisfactory results.


In this paper, a wrinkling algorithm is described to simulate realistic wrinkles on the membrane for large computational overheads. The membrane has very little in-plane deformations and most of the deformations come from buckling. The formulation of the deformed area due to symmetric loading uses the modulated method to ensure or characterize the user defined wrinkle pattern which is based on deformation of individual triangle. The methodology facilitates the use of small in-plane deformation stiffness's and a coarse mesh for the numerical simulation. This approach has been validated using the numerical simulation considering the different symmetric loading condition on the particular triangular shaped element. Moreover, the ability to design wrinkles (even on generalized deformable models) makes this method more versatile.


OBJECTIVES/GOALS: We examined how individual characteristics and characteristics of the socioeconomic and built environment were associated with care coordination's effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks to identify geographic areas that may benefit from supplementary clinic-community linkages. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We analyzed data with geocoded residential addresses and data from electronic health records for 9946 adults from a Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services funded innovation project from 7/1/2013 to 3/30/2015. Variables included patient-level demographics, Elixhauser comorbidity index, total time with a nurse care manager, and neighborhood factors such as poverty indicators, walkability, and social capital index. Outcomes were change in CVD risk factors, hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure (BP), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Generalized linear models were used to assess the effect of nurse care management program on outcomes after controlling for confounding factors. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We report preliminary models that include patient demographics (age, sex, race), health care utilization, nurse care manager contact time, Elixhauser comorbidity index, neighborhood education status, percent of population below 200% federal poverty level, median home value, walkability score of the residential address, and social capital index. After adjusting for all mentioned variables, in adults with HbA1C more than 7.5% at baseline, females had worsening HbA1C by 0.53% over the study period. Additionally, LDL values in females worsened over the study period by 4.8 mg/dL after adjusting for all variables. No clinically significant changes were noted for BP. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Women's HbA1C and LDL worsened despite nurse care management and may benefit from additional community-based interventions or interventionists. In future analyses, we anticipate that CVD risk will worsen for patients with higher fast food proximity and with greater geographic distance from their PCP.


Multiphase motor drives are multi-dimensional systems, so multiphase vector control and SVPWM must be implemented in a multi-dimensional vector space. In this paper, multi-dimensional multiphase vector control is developed based on a novel multiphase SVPWM strategy, which could synthesize the required voltage vectors not only in d-q subspace but also in other subspaces. Therefore, all voltage and current harmonics, which contribute to the torque positively, are controllable. Throughout this paper, a five-phase permanent magnet motor drive system is developed as an example, and simulation and experimental results verify these proposed strategies. Moreover, these strategies can be easily extended to other multiphase drive systems with any number of phases


This essay is developed in order to conduct a detailed investigation on the importance of a group of skills and knowledge must have that a manager or a leader in an organization, called "managerial skills". These skills are indispensable for the managers of a company because they are responsible for the positive and negative results they may have in the short, medium or long term. Thanks to the development of these skills, the person in charge will be able to make the personal objectives of the workers become a common objective and thus all will be directed by the same interests, and the processes within the same will be more efficient at the time of being executed in such This way unnecessary processes will be avoided and there will be more time optimization. This is only one of the many benefits that can be achieved if different types of management skills are developed inside and outside the organization.


This special issue focuses on population displacement and resettlement in China and argues that many aspects of displacement and resettlement make China a unique case. From a wide variety of viewpoints, the contributors to this special issue provide readers with rich empirical evidence and insightful conceptual framework for understanding the causes, processes, and consequences of displacement and resettlement in China. Their contributions address varied types of displacement and resettlement, such as natural resource exploitation (e.g. dams and mining), urban renewal, and environmental protection, many of which have not received sufficient research attention. This special issue introduces the Chinese perspective to enrich the global discussion of population displacement and resettlement, opening up new possibilities for future research.


The random survey of Bazhou Area "Korla pear" cultivars of plantation, water and fertilizer management, pruning the number of pest control, etc. was started. In order to prevent the occurrence of "Korla Pear" phenomenon during postharvest storage quality deterioration, provide a reference.


Archival records of Irish migration to Cuba describe a colony of "irlandeses" contracted in
New York in 1835 to work for the Cuban Railway Commission. Contract labourers from
Ireland and the Canary Islands were forced into a brutal work regime under Spanish military
rule where any attempt to abscond was treated as desertion punishable by prison or
execution. I argue that social formations and forms of struggle in the creation of a landless
proletariat lay the ground in generating the conduct of subaltern resistance in this encounter
between "a roving proletariat" and intersecting British and Iberian systems of colonial
labour. Counter modern social formations imported and adapted to the "new world" are
further analysed drawing on postcolonial theories which frame mobile transitory labour as
an intrinsic, if recalcitrant, element in the history of capitalist expansion.


The paper researches the competition characteristic of Guangdong in Nation Games and Olympics Games completely by using event-group as unit and time as background.The result indicates: in the proceed of the number of 4-9 Nation games,physique dominated event-group and difficulty and beauty expression event-group are the traditional superiority event-group.And the competition power of physique dominate event-group is the foundation that made of the all competition power,analyzing the lasting and newly project that willbeeome the subdue project,it is found that the long-distant swiming and shooting project are the first projects,and the second projects are long-distant running,table-tennis and Judo project; and only lifting and diving is subdue project in Olympics Games.And all these point out that the necessary of stall rationally on the basis of the characteristic of event-group.


Swedish media regularly indicate that people's confidence in politicians is low. This distrust in or discontent with politicians is often related to rural politics. This paper focuses on the populi ...


Recent advances in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and porous coordination cages (PCCs) have led to their extensive use in various applications due to their tunable properties and exceptional surface areas. To...


The intrusion of igneous sills into organic-rich sediments accompanies the emplacement of igneous provinces, continental rifting, and sedimented seafloor spreading. Heat from intruding sills in these settings alters sedimentary organic carbon, releasing methane and other gasses. Recent studies hypothesize that carbon released by this mechanism impacts global climate, particularly during large igneous province emplacements. However, the direct impacts of sill intrusion, including carbon release, remain insufficiently quantified. Here, we present results from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 385 comparing drill-core and wireline measurements from correlative sedimentary strata at adjacent sites cored in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, one altered by a recently intruded sill and one unaffected. We estimate 3.30 Mt of carbon were released due to this sill intrusion, representing an order of magnitude less carbon than inferences from outcrops and modeling would predict. This attenuated carbon release can be attributed to shallow intrusion and the high heat capacity of young, high-porosity sediments. Shallow intrusion also impacts sub-seafloor carbon cycling by disrupting advective fluxes, and it compacts underlying sediments, increasing potential carbon release in response to subsequent intrusions.


This study compares the effects of four dilutions of the gadolinium-containing contrast media (1:100; 1:400; 1:800; 1:1,200) administered to the elbow on the quality of magnetic resonance images. All the examined dilutions had a positive effect on image quality, and 1:800 was regarded as the optimal dilution of gadolinium for viewing the elbow because it imparted good contrast to the joint cavity without obliterating the contours of articular surfaces. Transverse, sagittal, and dorsal low-field magnetic resonance images were obtained in 24 canine cadaver front limbs. The musculus biceps brachii, m. triceps brachii, m. extensor carpi radialis, m. flexor carpi ulnaris, the articular surfaces, the medial coronoid process and the anconeal process of the ulna were well visualized by High Resolution Gradient Echo, XBONE T2 and Spin Echo T1 sequences in the sagittal plane. The biceps brachii, pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, extensor digitorum communis, extensor carpi radialis, deltoid muscle and the articular surface of the medial condyle of the humerus were very well visualized by 3D SST1 and XBONE T2 sequences in the transverse plane. The triceps brachii muscle, extensor digitorum lateralis muscle, superficial digital flexor, deep digital flexor and the medial condyle of the humerus were very well visualized by the Spin Echo T1 sequence in the dorsal plane. This article describes for the first time the use of the gadolinium contrast agent administered to the canine elbow joint during magnetic resonance modality. Magnetic resonance arthrography can be a helpful visualization technique in treating canine soft tissue elbow injury. MRI, contrast agent, gadolinium, dogs Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a method of choice for diagnosing elbow joint disorders in humans. It is one of the recently developed diagnostic techniques (Dalinka et al. 1989; De Smet et al. 1990; Hayes and Conway 1992; Hodler et al. 1992; Heron and Calvert 1992; Recht 1994; Buckwalter 1996; Hill et al. 2000; Sahin and Demirtas 2006). In human medicine, MRI is used to diagnose free-floating fragments in joints, and it is highly useful in evaluations of collateral ligaments (Hill et al. 2000). The contrast agents can be administered directly to the joint cavity, which is an additional advantage of MRI (Hill et al. 2000). Diluted gadolinium-containing compounds are the most popular contrast agents for MRI (Tirman et al. 1993; Winalski et al. 1993). Magnetic resonance imaging supports evaluations of the thickness and structure of articular cartilage. Minor damage to articular cartilage, the joint capsule and the surrounding soft tissues cannot be effectively evaluated by standard MRI. Contrast agents are administered by intra-articular injection to enhance the visualization of the joint cavity (Recht et al. 2005; Sahin et al. 2006; Gold et al. 2009). Magnetic resonance contrast agents all contain the paramagnetic component gadolinium, and their mechanisms are based on the same principle of physics (Kuriashkin and Losonsky 2000). The first objective of this study was to compare the effect of four dilution levels of the gadolinium contrast agent (Omniscan) administered to the elbow joint cavity on the quality ACTA VET. BRNO 2017, 86: 85–89; https://doi.org/10.2754/avb201786010085 Address for correspondence: Yauheni Zhalniarovich Department of Surgery and Radiology University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn Oczapowskiego 14, 10-957 Olsztyn, Poland Phone: +48 895 233 795 E-mail: email@example.com http://actavet.vfu.cz/ of MR images. The second objective was to determine the optimal level of gadolinium contrast medium dilution in MRI examinations of the canine elbow joint. Materials and Methods The study was performed on 24 elbow joints of 12 dogs of both sexes euthanized for reasons unrelated to orthopedic conditions or this study (4 German shepherds, 3 Labradors, 1 Doberman and 4 crossbreeds). All were aged 2 to 4 years, with body weights of 25 to 37 kg (mean weight 31 kg). None of the patients had a history of elbow joint disease. None of the dogs showed lameness of the front limbs for 8 weeks before euthanasia. During orthopedic examination, the limbs showed no pain and were within a normal range of motion. No evident abnormalities were observed over standard radiographic examinations. Both elbows of each dog were subjected to MRI immediately after euthanasia. The patients were examined in a low-field (0.25 T) MRI scanner with a permanent magnet (Vet-MR Grande, Esaote, Italy), using the ankle/foot DPA coil used in human medicine. All patients were positioned in lateral recumbency with the elbow joint extended and centered in the middle of the coil. The elbow joint was scanned in three planes: sagittal, transverse and dorsal. Three sequences were selected in the sagittal plane: High Resolution Gradient Echo (TR 700-800 ms/ TE 18 ms), XBONE T2 (TR 900-1000/ TE 17-19 ms) and Spin Echo T1 (TR 700-900 ms/TE 18-20 ms). The Spin Echo T1 sequence was used in the dorsal plane. Two sequences were applied in the transverse plane: 3D SST1 and XBONE T2. In all sequences, slice thickness was 2 mm with 0 mm distance between slices. Scanning time was 35–40 min. After standard MRI modality the examination was repeated with the use of the gadolinium contrast agent (Omniscan, GE Healthcare, USA, 0.5 mmol/ml) administered to the joint cavity at four dilution levels (1:100; 1:400; 1:800; 1:1,200) in 0.9% NaCl to determine the effect of the contrast agent on the quality of MR images. In conversion the molar concentrations were 5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.42, respectively. The contrast solution was administered at the amount of 1–2 ml, subject to the size of the visualized joint. After the administration of the contrast agent, the joint was extended and flexed for 60 s to distribute the solution evenly in the joint cavity. After 60 s, the elbow joint was placed inside the MRI coil, positioned, and scanned. For this contrast examination, the patients were divided into four groups of six elbows each. In subgroup 1, the contrast agent was diluted 1:100; in subgroup 2 – 1:400; in subgroup 3 – 1:800; and in subgroup 4 – 1:1,200. Images were evaluated for intensity of the contrast agent relative to the surrounding tissues, joint space brightness, and homogeneous consistency of the contrast medium. All obtained images were rated by all co-authors of the publication.


Robot according to the present invention includes: an end effector, a substantially horizontally holding the substrate; vertical driving unit, the end effector driven in the vertical direction; horizontal driving unit, driving the vertical driving unit in a horizontal direction; and a rotation driving unit drives the horizontal drive means about a rotation axis perpendicular to the direction of rotation, is connected to the end portion of the end effector of the vertical driving unit. Connected to the end of the vertical driving unit in the horizontal driving unit.


As a result of globalization and better quality of education, a significant percentage of the population in Arab countries have become bilingual/multilingual. This has raised to the frequency of code-switching and code-mixing among Arabs in daily communication. Consequently, huge amount of Code-Mixed (CM) content can be found on different social media platforms. Such data could be analyzed and used in different Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks to tackle the challenges emerging due to this multilingual phenomenon. Named Entity Recognition (NER) is one of the major tasks for several NLP systems. It is the process of identifying named entities in text. However, there is a lack of annotated CM data and resources for such task. This work aims at collecting and building the first annotated CM Arabic-English corpus for NER. Furthermore, we constructed a baseline NER system using deep neural networks and word embedding for Arabic-English CM text and enhanced it using a pooling technique.


Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. It may be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically. In it we study the various steps that are generally adopted by a researcher in studying his research problem along with the logic behind them. It is necessary for the researcher to know not only the research methods/techniques but also the methodology. Researchers not only need to know how to develop certain indices or tests, how to calculate the mean, the mode, the median or the standard deviation or chi-square, how to apply particular research techniques, but they also need to know which of these methods or techniques, are relevant and which are not, and what would they mean and indicate and why. Researchers also need to understand the assumptions underlying various techniques and they need to know the criteria by which they can decide that certain techniques and procedures will be applicable to certain problems and others will not. All this means that it is necessary for the researcher to design his methodology for his problem as the same may differ from problem to problem.


The low-temperature isobaric heat capacity (Cp) of KAlSi30 hollandite was measured over the range of 5 303 K with a physical properties measurement system (PPMS). The standard entropy of KAlSi3O8 hollandite is 166.2±0.2 J moO1 K~I , including an 18.7 J mo1 K~1 contribution from the configurational entropy due to disorder of Al and Si in the octahedral sites. The entropy of K2 Si40 9 wadeite was also estimated to facilitate calculation of phase equilibria in the system KAlSi 3O8 . The calculated phase equilibria obtained using Perplex are in general agreement with experimental studies. Phase relations in the system K20-A120 3-SiO 2 were also calculated and confirm a substantial stability field for kyanite-stishovite/coesite-KSi 40 9 wadeite intervening between KAlSi3O8 hollandite and sanidine. The upper stability of kyanite is bounded by the reaction Al2SiO5 = A120 3 + SiO2 stishovite, which is located at 13-14 GPa for 1100-1400 K. The entropy and enthalpy of formation for KAlSi 30 8 H20 K-cymrite were slightly modified to better fit the Holland and Powell (1998) data base and the previous experimental studies. Thermodynamic calculations were undertaken on the reaction of K-cymrite to KAlSi 3O8 hollandite + H20, which is located at 8.3-10.0 GPa for the temperature range 800-1600 K, well inside the stability field of stishovite. The reaction of muscovite to KAlSi 30 hollandite + A120 3 + H20 is placed at 10.0-10.6 GPa for the temperature range 900-1500 K, in reasonable agreement with some but not all experiments on this reaction.


Abstract : It was established that in the presence of interferon there is an increase of stability of cells from a culture of chick embryo to the cytopathogenic effect of diphtheria and staphylococcus toxins, and also the endotoxin of B. typhi. This increase of stability was also preserved after removal of interferon. Interference of virus was also obtained with the cytopathogenic action of diphtheria toxin and the endotoxin of B. typhu. It has been established that interferon does not exert a direct inhibiting effect on toxin in vitro. Its activity, just as during the action of viruses, is expressed indirectly through the cell. The development of interferon is the manifestation of the adaptation reaction of the cell, as a result of which an increase of stability to various stimuli emerges. The reaction of interference of viruses is only its partial manifestation. Processes, leading to the emergence of the stated condition, are characterized quite sufficiently from the position of the protein theory of stimulation, according to which the nature of the response reaction of a cell is determined primarily by the protein transformations originating in it.


Several underground coal mines in Australia have recently reported and anticipated significant floor heave in gateroads during longwall retreat. Floor heave on longwall retreat is typically attributed to a stress notch. To further understand the mechanisms of floor heave, in situ floor heave monitoring was conducted using floor instrumentation at two coal mines. This paper provides the field monitoring results along with the process of selecting the instruments and monitoring sites. To grasp the whole picture of the deformation of floor strata, the instruments for both the vertical and horizontal movements of floor units were considered. For the horizontal floor deformation, the strain gauged shear strips were used in both mines. For the vertical displacement of floor units, a remote reading tell-tale (RRTT) was chosen in Mine A, while a GEL extensometer specifically designed for this floor monitoring was selected in Mine B. As Mine A had negligible floor heave at the monitoring sites, no significant movement of the floor was captured. Although the level of floor deformation was minimal, there were indications of bedding separations as the longwall face approached the sites. In Mine B, minor floor heave was observed at the monitoring location. The data from the instruments showed that the horizontal movement of the floor strata occurred greater than approximately 4 m below the floor surface which may suggest the depth of floor failure. While several practical issues were identified from the field studies, the field monitoring results facilitated better understanding of the failure mechanisms. INTRODUCTION Several underground coal mines have recently reported significant floor heave in gateroads. Although the phenomenon is well-known in the mining industry, research on floor heave has been relatively limited. The Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP) project C26064 was initiated to better understand the floor failure mechanisms and controlling factors. As part of the project, in situ floor heave monitoring was carried out using floor instrumentation at two underground coal mines in Australia. Since floor instrumentation is not a common practice, discussions on the selection of instruments and monitoring locations were held many times with the mine sites. The process of selecting the instruments and monitoring sites is detailed, followed by the monitoring results and discussion on the results. 1. PhD Student, UNSW Sydney. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 2. Geotechnical Engineer, Anglo American. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 3. Senior Geotechnical Engineer, Centennial Coal. Email: email@example.com 4. Senior Lecturer, Monash University. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 5. Professor, UNSW Sydney. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 6. Professor, UNSW Sydney. Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Coal Opertors' Conference University of Wollongong, February 2020 46 PREPARATION FOR FLOOR INSTRUMENTATION Review on types of field monitoring Various field monitoring techniques were reviewed and compared for the fieldwork. Many displacement monitoring devices including borescope, convergence rod and various types of extensometers have been used (Spearing and Hyett, 2014; Sweeney, 2015; Galvin, 2016). The term 'tell-tale' is commonly used in the mining industry for extensometers that have visual indicators of vertical strata movement (Bigby, et al., 2010). The strain gauged shear strip is widely used to monitor the roof and rib in the Australian coal mining industry (Nemcik, 2003; Tarrant, 2005; Heritage, 2018). Several stress measurement techniques also exist while the ANZI cell and CSIRO cell are typically used in Australian coal mines for stress measurements (Worotnicki, 1993; Sweeney, 2015; Galvin, 2016; Mills and Puller, 2018). Apart from the displacement and stress monitoring, there are other types of instrumentation. Tiltmeters, also known as inclinometers, measuring changes in tilt or slope, have been used to monitor ground movements (Logan, 2008; Mills, 2011; Spearing and Hyett, 2014). Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) can also detect the movement of rock mass by interpreting cable deformation (Dowding et al, 1989; Dowding and Huang, 1995; Dussud, 2002). Laser scanning technologies and photogrammetry have been trialled to monitor the deformation of roadways in underground mines (Kukutsch, et al., 2016; Slaker and Mohamed, 2017; Vazaios et al, 2017; Raval, et al., 2019). When it comes to floor monitoring, floor instrumentation including the extensometer, inclinometer, stress cell and strain gauged shear strip has been used (Speck, 1979; Kumar, 1990; Seedsman and Gordon, 1992; Wuest, 1992; Wang, 1996; Nemcik, 2003; Kang, et a.l, 2014; Zhu, et al., 2014). Convergence rods were used to measure the clearance between the roof and floor and subsequently to identify the movement of the floor (Vasundhara, 1999; Unal, et al., 2001). In a rare case, a test pit was created so that the cross-section of the floor could be seen (Whiteley, et al., 2005). Eventually, displacement monitoring was selected to provide a complete view of the deformation of floor strata. Equipment for both the vertical and horizontal movements of floor units was considered. Selection of instruments and monitoring locations Two typical types of extensometers include the sonic probe extensometer and roadway deformation indicators also known as tell-tales (Sweeney, 2015). The sonic extensometer allows more detailed monitoring with a greater number of anchors compared to the tell-tales (Corbett and Payne, 1995; Bigby and DeMarco, 2001; Nemcik, 2003). However, the sonic extensometer is vulnerable to damage and more expensive; thus, the tell-tales were chosen over the sonic probe extensometer to monitor the vertical displacement of the floor. In Mine A, the remote reading tell-tale was used (Bigby and DeMarco, 2001; Bigby, et al., 2010; Buddery, et al., 2018). In Mine B, the GEL extensometer (Shen, et a.l, 2006; Sweeney, 2015) particularly designed for floor monitoring was used with a higher travel range of 400 mm. For the lateral floor displacement in both mines, the strain gauged shear strip was chosen. Also, the specific locations for monitoring were chosen where floor heave was expected and traffic could be avoided as much as possible. In Mine A, it was hypothesised that the interburden thickness between the coal seam being mined and the lower coal seam would affect the occurrence of floor heave. Thus, four locations along the roadways in LW603 were selected as shown in Figure 10. In Mine B, significant floor heave was frequently observed around the areas near the longwall finish lines. Therefore, one location around the finish line of LW425 was selected as shown in Figure 11a. Coal Opertors' Conference University of Wollongong, February 2020 47 Figure 10: Monitoring locations in Mine A with types of instrument and interburden thickness between the coal seam being mined and lower coal seam Instrument: Shear strip, Remote reading tell-tale 2 2


− In this study, soft carbon was prepared by carbonization of carbon precursor (pitch) obtained from PFO (pyrolysis fuel oil) heat treatment. Three carbon precursors prepared by the thermal reaction were 3903 (at 390 C for 3 h), 4001 (at 400 C for 1 h) and 4002 (at 400 C for 2 h). After the prepared soft carbon was ground to a particle size of 25~35 C, the soft carbon was synthesised by the chemical treatment with boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ). The prepared soft carbon were analysed by XRD, FE-SEM and XPS. Also, the electrochemical performances of soft carbon were investigated by constant current charge/discharge test, cyclic voltammetry and impedance tests in the electrolyte of LiPF 6 dissolved inorganic solvents (EC:DMC=1:1 vol%+VC 3 wt%). The coin cell using soft carbon of 25~35 C with 3903 soft carbon (H 3 BO 3 /Pitch=3:100 in weight) has better initial capacity and efficiency (330 mAh/g, 82%) than those of other coin cells. Also, it was found that the retention rate capability of 2C/0.1C was 90% after 30 cycles.


We define quantitative fixpoint logics for reasoning about linear time properties of states in systems with branching behaviour. We model such systems as coalgebras whose type arises as the composition of a branching monad with one or more polynomial endofunctors on the category of sets. The domain of truth values for our logics is determined by the choice of branching monad, as is the special modality used to abstract away branching in the semantics of the logics. To justify our choice of syntax and semantics for the logics, we prove the equivalence between their step-wise semantics and an alternative path-based semantics for the fixpoint-free fragments of the logics. Instances of these logics support reasoning about the possibility, probability or minimal cost of exhibiting a given linear time property. We conclude with two examples of logics that have a linear time flavour but do not admit a path-based semantics, namely a logic for reasoning about resource usage in infinitely-running computations, and a quantitative logic for reasoning about component interaction.


The torque of brushless DC motor(BLDCM) with nonideal back EMF waveforms fluctuates in terms of theory.The turn-off phases don′t affect the voltage vector and the flux-linkage by analyzing the voltage vector and the flux-linkage control theory of BLDCM was put forward.Then,a torque direct control method for BLDCM with non-ideal back EMF waveforms was presented,which can reduce the torque ripple by compensating the phase current.The simulation results validate the feasibility of the control strategy.


In Altered Reading Jill Robbins alters our reading of Levinas by bringing a deep engagement with literature, philosophy and theology and a keen interpretative sensitivity to bear in the analysis of a critical moment of hesitation in his work. This is a ground-breaking study. Explaining the title of her book in its introduction, she warns that her aim is not to advance the proposition that a text has alterity in the way that the other person does, but "to explore the ways in which reading alters or interrupts -the very economy of the same that the other interrupts." "In this way," she adds, "literary criticism, as a response to this textual interruption, might be said to have an ethical content." Totality and Infinity is the text of Levinas to which she chiefly directs the reader's attention in the first half of her book. The second half focuses on his references in Proper Names and elsewhere to particular authors, among them Shakespeare, Dostoevsky, Kierkegaard, Proust, Rimbaud, Blanchot, Wahl, Claude!, Agnon and Bataille. Conveniently reproduced in an appendix is her own translation of the essay in which the last-named author reviews Levinas's De /'existence a l'existant and other works. She supplements Levinas's comments on these authors by telling us more of what they themselves say. I especially like her sympathetic amplification of his remarks about Agnon (in "probably the strongest essay in Proper Names"). I admire too, along with so much else, the passages in which she deftly employs her hermeneutic expertise to untie and retie the knots in the Biblical and Talmudic texts which Levinas and his writers invoke, not least the knot (and the not) between the Hebrew and the Christian scriptures and between these and the "Greek" of philosophy. With the help of Derrida and Lyotard, her first chapter traces the alternative utopography of the double binds between ultimately philosophical thematisation and what Otherwise than Being says is expressed in the infinite and infinitive To Say. This dire is already betrayed by the nominalisation which is incipient in Saying and which is yet more deeply entrenched if instead we say "Saying". The quotation marks translate the To Say not to mention the explicitly mentioned "To Say" into a thematised said. No wonder that, having devoted the first part of her book to "Literature in Levinas", she holds back from saying that the topic could be called Saying when in the second part, entitled "Levinas and the Aesthetic", she examines the way Levinas not only constates but also performs his relationship to literature. For the two parts of the book put together challenge the right to assume we know what Saying is. Of course, she knows that it is part of Levinas's teaching that there is here no "what is", no ti estin, to know. Saying is otherwise than essence and beyond being. Her challenge has to do with whether there is more to this ulteriority and this


Starting an insurgency is extremely risky because, in the process of "rising up," the status quo is contested and the state's legitimacy to wield power is directly challenged, often violently, thereby further increasing the risk and the stakes of failure. An insurgency is also risky because it usually begins from a position of relative weakness. Insurgencies almost always start as a small movement with limited resources, while the state is usually wellorganized with a Weberian monopoly on the legitimate use of force through a vast security and military apparatus. As such, the task before an insurgent individual or group is immense, the risks are many, and the likelihood of victory is low. Therefore, mitigating the risk in "rising up" is vitally important for any insurgency to succeed. Good intelligence and robust counterintelligence are crucial factors in the process of mitigating risk. Accurate and timely intelligence ensures that an insurgent's offensive operations have the greatest chance of success, and robust counterintelligence is essential in order to provide security for the organization. Combined, they directly reduce the risk and increase the


After instigation of rapid access referrals from GPs and the Calman‐Hine 2‐week rule, the times taken from initial presentation to the GP, until the start of definitive treatment for patients with head and neck cancer managed was audited and compared with national guidelines.


In this paper, we evaluate the performance of wireless optical communication (WOC) in terms of received optical power for both air and water as channel medium. The performance of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) in the presence of air bubbles is also evaluated experimentally. It is observed that received optical power decreases as the channel length increases. It is also observed that the degradation in the received optical power is more in water when compared to air as channel medium. Furthermore, the underwater optical wireless system performance degrades in the presence of air bubbles. The channel modeling of the underwater wireless optical link is analyzed mathematically, experimental and mathematical results are compared and it is found that both the results are in good agreement with each other.


The leap of technology has led to a paradigm shift called the "industrial revolution". Industry 4.0 is the fourth industrial revolution which implemented the philosophy of cyber-physical systems, internet and future-oriented technologies, and smart systems with promoted human-machine interaction paradigms. The emergence of Industry 4.0 was introduced to the world as a new trend to improve working surroundings in industries and solve the problems faced by the industries. There is a limited information about Industry 4.0 and not every person understands the real meaning of Industry 4.0. Thus, the objective of this review paper is to identify the possible impacts of Industry 4.0 on manufacturing industries which will encourage more organizations to adopt Industry 4.0.


The classification of liposarcoma has evolved significantly over past several decades, in large part owing to the advances in our understanding of its molecular genetics. It is now clear that liposarcomas cluster into 3 main subtypes consisting of: atypical lipomatous tumor-well differentiated liposarcoma (WDLPS) (lipoma-like, sclerosing and inflammatory)/dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS), myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MLPS) and pleiomorphic liposarcoma (PLPS).


The article shows the importance of solving various production problems using processing, analysis and display of visual information. The existing systems for processing visual information are considered and the insufficiently developed use of automated image processing systems in production systems that solve rather complex and "intelligent" problems of image analysis is noted. The prospects of using digital modeling of object images are shown. The article provides a literary review of works on the development of methods and models for effective processing of visual control information, which showed that there are many unresolved issues. This work is aimed at solving some of them. The relevance of the topic and the objectives of the research are determined. Based on the results of the studies performed, a model of the visual information processing system was developed. From the object under study, a video stream arrives at the input of the model of the visual information processing system, which is first selected as a sequence of frames (frames) of a fixed dimension. Then there is a preliminary processing of the information received from the object, its segmentation, extraction of features and decision making. Here, the traditional number of homogeneous segments can be applied, into which the object is divided using the principle of maximum posterior probability. The result obtained is then used in the adaptation block. The proposed model of the visual information processing system was implemented in the Qt Creator environment in C ++.


By seeding a sort of surface agents,the emulsifying air-bubbles are formed,which are used as the tracer particles in PIV flow visualization.The rotational circulation flow fields in a sleeve barrel are successfully researched by using PIV system.The measured results show that the emulsifying air-bubbles are of good quanlity and cheap tracers.


This study aims to: (1) the effect of entrepreneurship education on student interest in entrepreneurship; (2) determine the influence of family environment on student interest in entrepreneurship; (3) determine self-efficacy toward entrepreneurship interest of students and (4) the effect of entrepreneurship education, family environment, and self efficacy against student interest in entrepreneurship. The population in this study were all students of the Faculty of Economics, University of Jakarta. To answer the hypothesis in this study using multiple regression with F test and t test. It can be concluded that: (1) there is the influence of entrepreneurship education on student interest in entrepreneurship; (2) there is the influence of family environment on student interest in entrepreneurship; (3) there is the influence of self-efficacy on student interest in entrepreneurship.


There are supporting block cracks in each side of the rooms of casting - in - situ slabs in some buildings while checking and accepting project. The article analyses the causes producing the cracks and preventive measures of construction, and suggests some reinforcing plans.


Breakfast or breakfast is the first food consumed by someone. Usually people eat dinner around 19:00 and only eat again in the morning around 06:00. Means that for about 10-12 hours they are fasting. With the existence of fasting, the supply of blood sugar (glucose) in a person's body is only enough for the activity of two to three hours in the morning. Without breakfast someone will experience hypoglycemia or below normal glucose levels. Hypoglycemia results in body trembling, dizziness and concentration pain. That's all because of lack of glucose which is a source of energy for the brain.
This type of research is Observational Analytic Quantitative with Cross Sectional design. In this study the independent variables and the dependent variables are collected at the same time
After conducting research on the Relationship of Nutritional Status with Breakfast Habits in Children at SDN 171 Pekanbaru in 2019 with a sample of 73 students, it was found that 73 children who normally had breakfast with thin nutritional status of 3 (33.3%) were not used 63 (98.4%), children who used to have breakfast with normal nutritional status were 3 (33.3%) while those who did not normally eat 1 (1.6%), while children who usually had breakfast with fat nutritional status were 3 ( 33.3%) unusual breakfast breakfast 0 (0.0%).
As an educational institution SDN 171 Pekanbaru can provide information about the relationship of nutritional status with the habit of having breakfast in children using the media leaflets, brochures and others.


A method for separating uranium isotopes by using a centrifugal separator is provided to improve the separation efficiency of uranium-235 and uranium-238 by adding other gas to uranium hexafluoride gas and injecting the mixed gas into the centrifugal separator. A method for separating uranium isotopes is characterized in that gas centrifugation for uranium enrichment is conducted by adding a gas with a molecular weight(a) of 347<=a<=349 or 352<=a<=354 in addition to uranium hexafluoride containing uranium-235 and uranium hexafluoride containing uranium-238. The added gas has a molecular weight of 349 or 352. The added gas is a compound gas including at least one single isotope selected from beryllium(Be), fluorine(F), sodium(Na), aluminum(Al), phosphorous(P), scandium(Sc), manganese(Mn), cobalt(Co), yttrium(Y), niobium(Nb), rhodium(Rh), iodine(I), Pr, Tb, holmium(Ho), Tm, gold(Au), bismuth(Bi), and thorium(Th).


Having difficult conversations with sick children or with healthy siblings of sick children can be anxiety provoking for providers, even more so if the patient is not expected to survive their illness. Children are incredibly perceptive and will sense when something significant changes. When they ask unexpected questions, they deserve honest explanations, as they inevitably are making up their own story, which may or may not be scarier than reality. Although difficult, with advanced preparation, proceeding at the child's pace with slow, concrete explanations and a focus on the most common developmental fears, these conversations can be held successfully and can aid in building a trusting relationship between the family and the provider.