We argue that the use of the universal {ital unintegrated} gluon distribution and the k{sub T} (or high energy) factorization theorem provides the natural framework for describing observables at small x. We introduce a coupled pair of evolution equations for the unintegrated gluon distribution and the sea quark distribution which incorporate both the resummed leading ln(1/x) BFKL contributions and the resummed leading ln(Q{sup 2}) GLAP contributions. We solve these unified equations in the perturbative QCD domain using simple parametric forms of the nonperturbative part of the {ital integrated} distributions. With only two (physically motivated) input parameters we find that this k{sub T} factorization approach gives an excellent description of the measurements of F{sub 2}(x,Q{sup 2}) at DESY HERA. In this way the unified evolution equations allow us to determine the gluon and sea quark distributions and, moreover, to see the x domain where the resummed ln(1/x) effects become significant. We use k{sub T} factorization to predict the longitudinal structure function F{sub L}(x,Q{sup 2}) and the charm component of F{sub 2}(x,Q{sup 2}). {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


The purpose of this study was to discover what effect the one-parent family situation had on the self concept of women who were one-parent family heads. -- Information for the study was obtained from a random sample of single female parents, and a comparison group of randomly sampled married women. A measure of the self concept of the subjects was obtained from an analysis of their responses to questions about the amount of satisfaction they felt with the performance of selected family roles. An assumption was made that the state of the self concept is affected by what is done and how it is done in carrying out roles. The roles used were based on the usual activities of housewives and mothers in their family lives, and included providing for the family income, housekeeping, child raising, recreational activities, the sexual role, and a role involving giving and receiving emotional support with an adult of the opposite sex. -- A review of the literature on one-parent families revealed that in general they tended to suffer from deprivation in several areas - financial, social and emotional, and that women were more affected than men. Therefore it was deduced that one-parent families, especially those headed by women, would tend to show the effects of this deprivation in their family lives, and this deduction led to the development of a central proposition on which this thesis was based, and to the generation of eighteen hypotheses testing each family role. The central proposition stated that women who were heads of single parent families would feel less satisfaction with the performance of their family roles than married women, and this proposition was confirmed by the results of the study which showed statistically significant differences between the responses of single parents and dual parents in most of the hypotheses tested. -- The general conclusion drawn from the results of the study was that single parent women felt less satisfied with their family lives than married women, and by inference had a low opinion of themselves as adequate people. -- Since these findings are relevant to a significant proportion of the population, it was recommended that a more complete program of social services should be developed for single parents - a program that would take emotional factors into account as well as providing for material needs.


AbstractThe classical paradigm of finding information in the WWW by in itiatingretrieval and browsing becomes more and more ineffective. Other techniqueshave to be considered. Automatic delivery of contents to the user accord-ing to their needs and filtered by her profile of interests is re quired. Currentimplementations of such Alerting Services at content providers side have sev-eral drawbacks. In my research project I evaluate methods and techniques forAlerting Services with special respect to the area of digital libraries. I intendto provide a framework that supports design decisions in building alerting ser-vices depending on the infrastructure and desired system parameters. 1 Introduction Imagine one morning you just arrive at your office and switch o n your computer tohave a look at the recent news in your special field of research . Little pictures foreach topic tell you that some interesting documents arrived. Behind one icon youfind for instance the new announcements for congresses, behi nd another one someinteresting papers, tables of contents of your favorite scientific journals, announce-ment of new books in your field.This description is not completely science fiction. There al ready are techniquesto informusers of interestingeventsinsteadof forcing themto activelysearch fortheinformation they need. Since the quantity of scientific publ ications doubles every10-15 years [14] there is urgent need for the use of alerting systems. Such systemskeep the users informed only about the document and events they are interestedin. A variety of techniques and systems exists but every software developer seemsto have to find their own solution (e.g. systems base on simple mailing-lists, CDFChannel, Netcaster Channel for a more a detailed survey see Section 2.1).Personalization in Alerting Services ensures that each client only gets notifiedabout events they are interested in. The interest of a client is defined in a profile.The service matches events (e.g. new documents) against the profiles and informsthe interested users.


With the enrollment scale continues to expand of China's Special Education class professional, as well as imbalance of regional economic development, increase in the number of special education majors poor students. Professional problems of poor students of the special education class is increasingly becoming the school and the focus of attention. Under the dual pressures of high tuition fees and the difficult employment, special education class professional problems of poor students is very prominent.


Modern broadband three-component seismometers have theoretically well defined basic parameters, such the generator constant and the orthogonality of components with almost identical transfer functions for all three axes. Seismometer manufacturers build their instruments with high precision and with orthogonal horizontals but in practice there will be almost always some errors in the mechanical alignment. Consequently, some small differences in the transfer functions and gain constants can be expected. In our approach to this problem we have developed an algorithm to study deviation in angles of components and the ratio of gain constants for an unknown seismological system when compared to a reference seismological system. We examined the ratio of gain constants and orthogonality between two STS-2 type seismometers. One instruments, connected to a Quanterra Q730 acquisition unit and well temperature stabilized, served as our reference system, while the investigated instrument was connected to an EartData PR6 acquisition unit without additional temperature isolation while the parameters of gain constant for the digitiser were not known. Tests were performed for a time period of 26 days. For a typical triaxial seismometer the manufacturer adjusts the orthogonal output signals before shipping to represent motions in the geometrical X, Y, and Z axis of the seismometer (e.g. within of 1 percent (0.6 degrees) at a period of 6 sec). Similar accuracy is given for the gain constant. Our preliminary results confirm the manufacturer's specification while the average values are even better.


Introduction The Origins of Red Army Intelligence Exporting the Revolution: Insurrection and Partisan Warfare, 1923-1927 Espionage, 1921-1927 Espionage, 1928-1933, Part 1 Espionage, 1928-1933, Part 2 Red Army Intelligence and the Weimar Republic Analysis and Threat Assessment Epilogue Appendices Glossary Bibliography Index


This study deals with the phylogeny and skeletal morphogenesis of the demosponge Dictyoceratida based on molecular and morphological analyses, the latter including skeletal, biochemical and cytological data. We chose 18S rDNA sequences (two new) from 11 demosponge species and conducted phylogenetic analyses in combination with 11 phenetic characters from the dictyoceratids. The 18S rDNA results suggest that both the Order Dictyoceratida and Family Spongiidae are monoplyletic; Family Dysideidae with eurypylous choanocyte chambers belongs to the Order Dictyoceratida. Phylogeny based on the phenetic data suggests that each of the 4 dictyoceratid families (Dysideidae, Thorectidae, Irciniidae, Spongiidae) is monophyletic. It is suggested that the monophyly of Dictyoceratida indicate that the differentiated spongin fibres, a defining character for the order with increasing complexity, are homologous (Text-figure 5); furthermore, the differentiation of the choanocyte chambers into two types (eurypylous and diplodal) occurred along with the internal branching event within the Dictyoceratida. Our synthesis of the fossil record and the phylogenetic results of the Dictyoceratida and related groups of Keratosa indicate that the primitive dictyoceratid skeletons might be composed of foreign clastic material embedded by collagenous filaments of the sponges, probably similar to the Neoproterozoic sand-sponges. It is likely that the primitive dictyoceratid skeletons evolved in two directions: Some dictyoceratid sponges started to synthesize diverse spongin fibres within the skeleton to replace the external clastic material (Dictyoceratida and Dendroceratida); ② Other dictyoceratid were able to produce siliceous spicules for constructing their skeletons (all extant demosponges with siliceous spicules). This hypothesis may be further tested in future investigations.


developing and implementing effective management measures is critical for the sustainability of billfish (sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw in Shaw and Nodder, 1792); blue marlin, Makaira nigricans Lacépède, 1803; and white marlin, Tetrapturus albidus Poey, 1860) populations and pelagic ecosystems. Typically managers use biological performance indicators to evaluate stock status and ultimately determine management measures. Social and economic performance indicators for resource users should be better studied to determine the impact of management strategies on affected communities. These indicators can be linked to each management objective, whether the objective is biological, social or economic, and used to evaluate the performance of management strategies. In this study, we collected data in the United States and Venezuela and developed four performance indicators: gross revenue, net revenue, financial profit, and economic profit. here we show that socio-economic indicators can be developed for vastly different fisheries and can be used to describe and quantify the socioeconomic impacts of alternative management measures. The indicators are useful tools to highlight the impacts that certain management measures may have on various stakeholder groups. Management of marine fishery resources attempts to achieve conflicting objectives, e.g., increase yields, maximize resource rent, rebuild overfished stocks, or maintain biodiversity. governments increasingly demand that managers associate each objective to measurable performance indicators supported by scientific data in order to evaluate the success of management strategies and objectives (Cochrane, 2002). In theory, fishery management plans should clearly identify the process and performance indicators that are to be used in the evaluation (FAO, 1997; Smith et al., 1999; die, 2002) and ideally these indicators need to explicitly incorporate uncertainty (Stokes et al., 1999). defining the process to be followed when evaluating management strategies can be complicated. The process varies depending on the type of fishery but typically is dictated by governmental policies at each level: local, state, national, or international. Such policies rarely prescribe the specific quantitative models or methods that are to be used to develop each performance index. More commonly, detailed operational definitions are presented in other documents and are intended to reflect technical standards. Some examples of these are the social (ICgP, 1994) and biological (Restrepo et al., 1998) guidelines for federal fisheries in the United States and the general standards for international fisheries (FAO, 1997). Ultimately, the evaluation of management success is a process in which the relative importance of meeting conflicting objectives is evaluated through the political process. Moreover, actual management is often driven by objectives that are neither spelled out, nor as lofty as the government policy; thus, day to day management reflects the risk-averse nature of most managers (walters, 1986). BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE, VOL. 79, NO. 3, 2006 636 The open access nature of most marine resources poses an additional problem because there are few incentives for individual users to invest in fisheries conservation. In addition, open access allows users that often do not share the same management objectives to exploit the same fishery resources. differing objectives tend to influence the relative weight given by various users to the evaluation of management performance. Commercial fishers place more weight on performance measures that relate to yield and profits; sport fishers judge the likelihood of encountering fish, especially prize-size fish; subsistence fishermen seek to harvest enough protein; non-consumptive users want to ensure exclusive access to specific sites; while, conservationists want to enhance the "intrinsic value" of a site or the conservation value of a species or stock. Typically managers utilize the results of biological and ecological studies to implement management measures for billfishes because initially most managers were trained as ecologists (walters, 1986). This paradigm persisted because both government and fishing interest groups agreed to work under the paradigm that "if the biology is taken care of" management will succeed, or as walters (1986) expressed "... with the implicit assumption that regulation and enhancement of biological harvests will also lead to economic well being". Such management led to the development of biological indicators that were stock related (e.g., maximum sustainable yield, overfishing, and overfished criteria) and tied to management actions through explicit formulae (Punt, 1992; Butterworth and Bergh, 1993; Mcdonald and Smith, 1997; Restrepo et al., 1998; Butterworth and Punt, 1999; geromont et al., 1999; Sainsbury et al., 2000). Partially due to our naïve view of the ocean as an inexhaustible source of fish, more and more resources reached unsafe biological limits and remedial action was sought through biological regulations. however, any management measure restricts human use or access in order to ensure species' sustainability. Examination of the current literature (FAO, 1997; Restrepo et al., 1998) that presents guidelines on quantitative measures used in the evaluation of fishery management strategies reveals that there are many accepted measures to quantify and evaluate the biological consequences of management actions on the target stock. There is, however, much less agreement on how to quantify the economic, social, and ecological consequences of management strategies. we contend that this is not necessarily due to the lack of methods to obtain such quantitative measures, but rather the unwillingness of the fishery management process to accept simple indicators to measure the socioeconomic consequences. There is a need to complete social and economic studies of the users of billfish resources. These studies can produce data that can be linked to each management objective, whether the objective is biological, social or economic, and used to evaluate the performance of management strategies. This sort of evaluation would undoubtedly make the management process more transparent and responsive to the needs of all stakeholders. Moreover, it is well accepted that increased recognition of stakeholder needs improves the effectiveness of fisheries management. with a strong sense of ownership in the management decisions, stakeholders are more likely to support the implementation of management measures. Effective management is necessary for the continued sustainability of billfish (including sailfish, Istiophorus platypterus (Shaw in Shaw and Nodder, 1792); blue marlin, Makaira nigricans Lacépède, 1802; and white marlin, Tetrapturus albidus Poey, 1860) populations and pelagic ecosystems. Atlantic Billfish management is compliBRINSON ET AL.: PERFORMANCE INdICATORS FOR ATLANTIC BILLFISh 637 cated by all of the problems presented earlier: multiple levels of institutional control, competing users' objectives, the tendency to use biological indicators to determine management measures, and the unwillingness of managers to accept socioeconomic indicators. Our study addresses the latter issue with the objective of providing a baseline characterization of the financial and economic performance of two fisheries that target Atlantic billfish: the artisanal fishery of Playa Verde, Venezuela and the south Florida charter fishery. The Venezuelan artisanal fishery is a commercial and subsistence fishery; some of the catch is sold to local consumers and the remainder is for the crew's consumption. The operations target billfish, but will land whatever by-catch species are caught. The Playa Verde fleet is limited to 35 vessels which cannot be replaced nor modified. The artisanal port is located along the Venezuelan central coast about 10–15 mi north of the port of La guaira (Marcano et al., 2001). The south Florida charter fishery includes charter boat operations that specifically target billfish from Miami to Stuart, Florida. This fishery is a mixed recreational and commercial fishery (some of the vessels sell their non-billfish catch when they return to the dock). The two study sites were chosen because each country (United States and Venezuela) is a contracting member of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas, (ICCAT). Each nation provides catch and effort data to ICCAT. Performance Indicators The study collected data that can be used to develop performance indicators for the fisheries that target billfish. These performance indicators can in turn be used to evaluate the efficiency of billfish fisheries. Four performance indicators were used in this study: gross revenue, net revenue, financial profit, and economic profit (Fig. 1). These performance indicators are not to be used to estimate the total value of billfish, but to characterize and contrast the performance of the producers: fishers that target billfish. The first performance indicator is annual gross revenue, GR, the total amount of income generated from fish sales or fishing rentals. In charter fisheries, additional revenue may be generated by referrals to the taxidermist. gross revenue is the revenue accruing to the owner before accounting for any costs. Net revenue, NR, is the difference between gross revenue and running or variable costs. Running costs are costs that change with the number of trips a vessel takes. Running costs include the cost of bait, fuel, and groceries. Net revenue is the short term revenue for the producer: the artisanal vessel owner or the charter boat owner. Financial profit is the third performance indicator and it measures the amount of cash coming in and out of an industry (hundloe, 2000). This financial performance indicator considers the viability of an industry in terms of its commercial profitability (Pascoe et al.,


Shibu Sasidharan MD, DNB, MNAMS.1,*, Sophie Montagnon2, Rohit Kapur MBBS.3, Harpreet Singh Dhillon MD.4 1 (Anaesthesia); Team Leader; Dept of Anaesthesia and Critical care, Level III UN Hospital, Goma. 2 Senior Medical Officer, UN Medical Emergency Response Team (UNMERT), Division of Healthcare Management and Occupational Safety and Health (DHMOSH), Office of Support Operations, Department of Operational Support, United Nations, New York. 3 Commanding Officer, Level III UN Hospital, Goma. 4 Psychiatry, Level iii UN Hospital, Goma.


The basic starting point of sino-foreign cooperation in running school is to introduce the overseas quality education resources.The yardstick to assess the cooperation is the introduction and optimization in a real sense.This paper starts with the basic conception of educational resources and constructs its logic classification.Based on the previous study,this paper analyzes the motivation of introducing international educational resources.The pros and assessment standard of educational resources are studied in this paper.Four modes of introduction and optimization of high-quality educational resources are summarized in the end of this paper,so that it is benefit for sino-foreign cooperation in running school.


PURPOSE: A strainer wall structure, a filtering method using the same, and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to facilitate installation, repair, and maintenance by assembling a filtering screen, a first filtering plate, and a second filtering plate without welding. CONSTITUTION: A body(100) has an opened part, a closed part, and a vent. A filtering screen(200) is inserted into the body through the opened part. The filtering screen has a plurality of filtering holes. A cassette unit is inserted into the filtering screen. The cassette unit is formed by assembling a first filtering plate(300) and a second filtering plate(400) with a lattice structure. The first filtering plate has a plurality of first grooves. The second filtering plate has a plurality of second grooves.


The purpose of this study was to analyze the nature of the mathematical knowledge of preservice teachers for teaching in a school using an innovative lesson study and open approach. The study drew from the mathematical knowledge for teaching. This research was a case study in qualitative research using three student teachers of programs in mathematics from the Faculty of Education, Chiang Mai University who were teaching in three schools under the Project for Mathematics Teacher Professional Development as an innovation of the Lesson Study and Open Approach in Chiang Mai province. They taught in fourth grade mathematics classrooms in the academic year 2011. Data were collected by audio-video tape recordings, classroom protocols, lesson plans, observation records, students' written works, and interviews. Data were analyzed by video analysis and described in narrative text. The results revealed that: 1) in the posing open-ended problem stage, the student teachers possessed knowledge at the mathematical horizon and specialized content knowledge (SCK); 2) in the students' self-learning stage, they possessed knowledge of content and the student (KCS); 3) in the whole-class discussion and comparison stage, they had SCK and KCS and knowledge of content and teaching (KCT); and 4) in the summarization through connecting of the students' mathematical ideas that emerged in the classroom stage, the student teachers possessed SCK and KCT.


The Asia-Pacific War caused by Imperial Japan in the first half of the twentieth century is an important topic for the East Asian STS studies. It was an event which vastly changed the interrelationships among science, technology, and society in Japan and the other East Asian countries and areas. And it also affected the postwar developments in these countries and areas in various ways. We cannot fully understand the present STS issues in East Asia without knowing the changing STS interrelationships in the war, but studies on this topic are still in the rudimentary stage. In Japan since the 1980s the historical studies on wartime science and technology in Japan and its former colonies have been progressing and, in recent years, transnational cooperation with European and Asian scholars has begun, good examples of which are the contributions of Japanese scholars to the publication of this international STS journal. However, the English-language literature on Japan's wartime science and technology was very scarce, probably because of linguistic barriers on both the Japanese and non-Japanese sides. Grunden's Secret Weapons and World War II is the first English-language book on this topic and is extensively based on numerous Japanese as well as English-language sources available at present. Walter E. Grunden, associate professor of history at Bowling Green State University, Ohio, USA, studied modern Japanese history, modern Chinese history, and the history of science during his graduate school days at the Ohio State University and the University of California, Santa Barbara. He wrote his Ph.D. thesis in 1998 entitled "Science under the Rising Sun: Weapons Development and the Organization of Scientific Research in World War II Japan." Secret Weapons and World War II is a revised and enlarged version of his Ph.D. thesis, especially East Asian Science, Technology and Society: an International Journal (2007) 1:251–254 DOI 10.1007/s12280-007-9015-4


Wild rice was cooked to two targeted levels of hydration (1:2, 1:4), each added at 0 (control), 15 and 30% to low-, intermediate-, and high-fat pork trimmings (20, 35 and 50% fat). Percentages of fat and protein decreased and carbohydrate and moisture increased, as level of hydrated wild rice increased. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly lower during frozen (0, 3, 6 months) storage (p<0.01) in wild rice treatments. Sensory scores for rancidity, toughness and cohesiveness were lower if wild rice was added. Phytate was confirmed as one of the key antioxidants in wild rice.


Abstract During processing and bubble growth processes, the melt viscosity changes with temperature, pressure, and blowing agent concentration. Therefore, measurement and prediction methods for viscosity characterization in terms of temperature, pressure, and blowing agent dependency are needed. This study demonstrates the applicability of in-line viscosity measurements during the foam injection molding process and a model for viscosity superposition and prediction. In the present study, polystyrene and a modified polylactide for foaming applications with nitrogen as blowing agent are investigated. By changing the injection speed, temperature, and blowing agent concentration, the process conditions are varied, and thus the resulting pressure drops within the in-line measurement die. The calculated shear rates and viscosities are shifted to a master curve by the application of superposition principles. The viscosity dependency on temperature is described by the Arrhenius equation, the pressure by the Barus equation, and for the blowing agent concentration, a novel Barus-like equation was derived and applied. The prediction of the master curve viscosity function was achieved by the power-law model in combination with the superposition principles and showed good agreement with the shifted in-line data. Finally, the in-line measurements and viscosity predictions are validated by comparing them to rotational and capillary rheometer measurements.


To improve education regarding sustainability and green buildings, we designed a multiplayer (2–4 people) green building strategy game called GBGame to deliver knowledge of and introduce applied technologies for green buildings. To verify the game's learning effect, we conducted separate measurements using the ARCS motivation model and a paper-based exam among 72 students majoring in architecture. These students were divided into an experimental group (who played the game) and a control group (who underwent lecture-based instruction). Results indicate that (1) game players had stronger learning motivation than those who attended the lectures; (2) players who learned through the game generally exhibited better learning effectiveness than non-players; (3) following cross-validation, we discovered a highly significant correlation between the learning effect and players' attention, perception of relevance, confidence, and satisfaction during the game; and (4) the game system was found to be attractive to the students, implying that it can be an effective instructional and recreational material to use during green building education.


Effects of four basic measures,including grazing prohibition,grazing suspending,reseeding,and rotational grazing,on vegetation restoration in five years were investigated since 2003 in semi-arid grassland of 3 experimental counties of "restoring grassland from overgrazing project" in Jiuquan city.The results showed that in terms of comprehensive effects of plant diversity,coverage,height and production,all of the four measures were significant;among which,grazing prohibition and reseeding had better effects than the others.For ecological restoration on seriously degraded grassland,the best project was prohibiting grazing four to five years continuously.For both ecology restoration and livestock production,the best project was combining grazing prohibition with reseeding.Given priority to grassland construction,the best project was rotational grazing,but should avoid or reduce spring and autumn grazing.


Background: A critical issue is to identify COVID-19 patients early who develosevere pneumonia Understanding the relationshiof the laboratory parameters an


This paper describes a new modular software architecture designed to allow collaborative Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). The proposed HRI system is applied to the InterBot (Interactive mobile roBot), which integrates two Human-Machine Interface (HMI) devices: an on-board portable device and a remote station. The software architecture is mainly developed using the Robot Operating System (ROS) framework, and is designed to be modular and versatile. The proposed software modules provide a reliable structure for users to interact with and directly control the InterBot, e.g. allowing a human to be guided during a tour, or for a human to order the InterBot to perform tasks such as delivering messages or items between laboratories. The remote station acts as the supervisor, being in charge of planning the robot tasks sequentially, while displaying the robot information in a perceivable way. A series of tests and experiments were carried out in order to assess the performance of the InterBot platform in different test scenarios and under three Human-Robot control modes: teleoperation, autonomous and shared control. Presented real-world tests show the functional flexibility of the proposed architecture and outline future directions of development and research. The results also show that the InterBot software architecture is robust to the occurrence of network delays.


To calculate the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) for 2006–2018 in the Netherlands and compare this with 1993–2005, and to describe women's characteristics, causes of death and improvable factors.


Thirty specific pathogen‐free Han‐Wistar rats were fixed in two ways in preparation for electron microscopical studies of their lung tissue. (1) Perfusion through the vascular system, and (2) fixation via the air passages. Vascular perfusion gave better results for transmission electron microscopical studies, while fixation via the air passages was superior for scanning work.


Discrete event simulation (DES) techniques cover a broad collection of methods and applications that allow imitating, assessing and predicting the behavior of complex real-world systems. The main purpose of this work is to develop a novel DES model to optimize the design and operation of a complex beer packaging system in order to perform a sensitivity analysis to find one or more alternatives to increase productivity levels. In this way, advanced technologies of modeling, simulation and optimization for system design and operation are applied. The model is developed by using the DES tools provided by the SIMIO simulation software. The proposed tool is able to carry out evaluations of the system using a 3D user-friendly graphical interface that shows the dynamic evolution of the system over time. By using the proposed simulation model, the results of this paper illustrate how the levels of productivity may vary by reducing micro-downtime of machines, when transport rates and other problem features are properly changed with them.


The start-up system with recirculating pump for supercritical unit has such shortcomings as complex structure,high investment,and cavitation in recirculating pump.Therefore,a pressed steam-water injector is proposed to replace the recirculating pump. Numerical computation of output pressure based on the direct contact condensation model demonstrates that the new start-up system with pressed steam-water injector possesses not only the same functions of the original system,but also the advantages of simple structure,low investment,higher reliability,and cavitation-free.In the pressed steam-water injector,supersonic steam flow drives sub-cooled water and condenses in it,the condensation changes the mixture temperature to form a shock wave for improving water discharge pressure.The new start-up system takes high-speed steam flow formed by drainage vaporization as its source power.


This paper summarizes the operational challenges imposed by integration of renewable electricity generation units in transmission level where the most common renewable generation units are solar and wind farms at the scale of 100s to 1000s MW. Such units, because of their stochastic nature, introduce new complexity and uncertainty to the grid. Throughout this paper, some results from the recent planning study of integration of 1,000 MW offshore wind farm into the U.S. Eastern Interconnection transmission system are shown.


Introduction: The drawbacks of most commercial "advanced battery" solutions are high price, danger, and low recyclability. The most cost efficient, environmental-friendly, and safest solutions so far is based on lead-acid electrochemistry, a proven technology for more than 150 years. Key problems of this technology are however the limited cyclability which results in a reduced lifetime and high costs of ownership, as well as the low charge acceptance. The latter decreases the system efficiency and impedes its integration in systems requiring high specific power of the installed storage. To overcome this bottleneck, we at CEA are currently using advanced functional materials as current collectors and additives combined with lead-acid electrochemistry in order to enhance the performance of lead-acid batteries in several different energy storage applications. Use of COMSOL Multiphysics®: The new materials that have been selected to design this new cell prototype are implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics® software to test them. The cell design has been exactly drawn in 3D thanks to the numerous components available in the geometry node. Of course, some hypotheses have been made to speed up the computation time. They mostly concern the current collector of the positive electrode. This model was derived from the seminal paper published by Bernardi et al. [1]. Some of the variables and parameters come from a more recent work [2]. The unique ability of COMSOL to deal with multiple physics has been fully tried out through the Electric Currents, Transport of Species, and Heat Transfer interfaces. Finally the validation of our model simulations with experimental data has been successfully done with some cut-planes, isosurfaces, and other easy-to-handle tools available in the Results node. Results: The three-dimensional model of our new thin-plate lead-acid battery allows to test the impact of the cell design on the overall cell performance. It has already helped us improving the current collector of the positive electrode. The concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte is also one of our concern, particularly at high rate of discharge. Passivation of the positive electrode has not been yet included inside the model, but we know that acid concentration affects it. Porosity change during discharge squeezes the electrolyte out of the electrodes, which in turn modify the transport of species. Figure 1 shows isosurfaces of the liquid phase potential inside the electrolyte filling the pores of the electrodes and the separator, one minute after the beginning of a 20h-discharge. There is no such a model of lead-acid cell available in the literature to date. We thus believe that our study will bring attention on the interest of working again on lead-acid batteries, a technology that still weighs 35 billion USD today [3]. Conclusion: Multiphysics-based models are particularly useful in the field of electrochemical storage systems. The latter are energy converters, and as such, they involve many physics. The unique ability of COMSOL to compute fully coupled PDE offers a new way to understand the behavior of batteries and to continuously improve their performance. Reference [1] D. M. Bernardi et. al. Two-dimensional mathematical model of a lead-acid cell. J. Electrochem. Soc. 140, 2250-2258 (1993) [2] M. Cugnet et. al. A mathematical model for the simulation of new and aged automotive leadacid batteries, J. Electrochem. Soc., 156, A974-A985.(2009) [3] Roland Berger Strategy Consultants, 2014 Figures used in the abstract Figure 1: Liquid phase potential (V) 1 min after the beginning of discharge at C/20


Users need an attractive mean of retrieving movies of choice from VOD providers that provide thousands of digital movies. The paper presents a framework within peer-to-peer recommenders system to recommend personalized movie trailer, thereby condensing digital content, by using a novel collaborative algorithm. Personalized trailers can provide abstracted and succinct representation of digital movies through a combination of video segments. Movie previews that match user's tastes tend to stimulate online movie-buying, enrich the users' experience and improve content providers business. Further, we use a distributed incentive scheme for collaborating users, in which users obtain incentive that is proportional to user's contribution in content preview development. Our work builds upon prior research on recommender systems, by adding information in recommendation list exchanges rather than specifically focusing on the accuracy of individual recommendations. Our pilot analysis showed the merits of our approach. We present simulation based on Matlab to show results of our novel model.


Tyrosinases are copper-containing enzymes which perform two reactions, the hydroxylation of tyrosine to 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) and the subsequent oxidation to form dopaquinone. The latter diphenolase activity is much faster than the monophenolase activity, limiting the use of tyrosinases for diphenol synthesis. The key residues influencing tyrosinase specificity are not well known. Random mutagenesis was performed on tyrosinase from Bacillus megaterium in order to find variants with altered yrosinase irected evolution electivity atechol selectivity. A high throughput colorimetric screening assay in 96-well plates was used to evaluate separately the monophenolase and diphenolase activity. Variant R209H exhibited a 1.7-fold increase in monophenolase activity accompanied by a 1.5-fold decrease in diphenolase activity, resulting in a 2.6fold improvement in the monophenolase/diphenolase activity ratio. In silco modeling suggested that the imidazole group of the histidine residue obstructs the entrance to the active site thus interfering with his w ts th l-DOPA binding to CuB. T monophenols and suppor


Did our closest relatives adapt to the sea in the same way as early Homo sapiens? Humans share a deep bond with coasts and oceans. More than 500 million people live in coastal communities, and beaches and seafood attract tourists from around the world. Archaeological research in southern Africa revealed early human coastal adaptations that occurred at least as far back as ∼160,000 years ago (1) in the Middle Stone Age (MSA)—the cultural period of the earliest Homo sapiens. Paleolithic sites across Africa and elsewhere support the hypothesis that coastal adaptations have a long and lasting history. Yet, scientists still debate the importance of coastal adaptations for the evolution and dispersal of H. sapiens during the Pleistocene (Ice Age) (2). On page 1443 of this issue, Zilhão et al. (3) tackle an even more contentious issue with wide-ranging implications for human evolution: Did Neanderthals share our species' interest in oceans and their inhabitants?


The possibilities of applying microelectrodes in electro synthetic reactions, both in synthetic procedures and in the study of mechanisms and kinetics are discussed. The development of a spherical diffusion field in the bulk of the solution, which leads to high current densities, will certainly lead to new products and, therefore, novel chemistry. The reduced iR drop at microelectrodes, on the other hand, permits the study of electro synthetic reactions in conditions similar to those used in the electrochemical reactor, such as the use of high concentrations of the electroactive species. Examples of these situations are presented.


The independent research study presents a literature review that critically analyses the positive role that religiousness may play in the recovery of individuals diagnosed with severe mental illness (SMI). After gathering literature using databases and library resources, the author utilised the TAPUPA tool as a means of selecting relevant literature for the purpose of this review. The study focuses on the difficulties in defining what recovery is from SMI; the role that religion may play in the varied experiences of those recovering from SMI and finally the barriers that professionals face in relation to integrating religiousness into the recovery of service users they support.
The study recommends that further research be carried out to focus on finding a clearer definition of what recovery is from a SMI, the views of service users in relation to how professionals can support them in their recovery in relation to religion, and how barriers can be removed so that professionals feel equipped to discuss or advise in relation to religiousness.


A 56-year-old male weighing 78.5 kg was scheduled for percutaneous nephrolithotomy for left renal calculus under general anaesthesia. He was a known diabetic, well-controlled on oral hypoglycaemic agents and with no history of allergies. As effort tolerance was poor on history, preoperative 2-D echocardiography was performed that showed normal cardiac function. His anaesthetic induction was as per standard institutional protocols that included intravenous midazolam 2 mg, fentanyl 160 μg, propofol 160 mg and intubation after 8 mg cistracurium. Following positioning in lithotomy, a retrograde pyelogram was performed using meglutamine iodide 76% (Urografin) at which time his heart rate was 68/min, blood pressure at 140/70 mm Hg and a saturation (SpO2) of 100% on 50% oxygen. He had undergone a previous intravenous pyelogram using iodixanol (Visipaque) uneventfully. A few minutes after the instillation of the dye, a fall in saturation to 40% with hypotension (50/30 mm Hg) was observed which was managed with 100% oxygen, intermittent boluses of ephedrine, phenylephrine and fluid boluses. An improvement in blood pressure (BP) was seen only after the administration of incremental doses of adrenaline, and a total of 50 μg was administered. On suspicion of anaphylaxis to the contrast, 100 mg hydrocortisone, 50 mg injection ranitidine and one vial containing 2 mL of 45 mg of pheniramine maleate were administered intravenously. Arterial and central venous lines were secured. An intravenous infusion of noradrenaline (0.05 μg/kg) was started to maintain blood pressure. Intraoperative 12 lead electrocardiogram and echocardiogram were performed to rule out myocardial event and were normal. The planned procedure was deferred, and the patient was shifted to the intensive care unit with a heart rate of 84/min, BP of 124/72 mm Hg and SpO2 of 100% on 40% oxygen. He was ventilated for 2 h and extubated shortly afterward.


Feminist Perspectives on Sustainable Development edited by Wendy Harcourt. London: Zed Books, 1994. Pp. xiv + 246; index. £36.95 (hardback) £14.95: (paperback) ISBN 1 85649 243 5 Close to Home: Women Reconnect Ecology, Health and Development edited by Vandana Shiva. London: Earthscan, 1994. Pp. vi + 164; index. £11.95 (paperback). ISBN 1 85383 190 5


In previous works the problem of a priori generation of a com- plete set of automatic error recovery routines, has been in- formally argued. This paper observes that an analogy exists between ideal versus actual manufacturing programmed pro- cesses, and the undecidable nature of the program equivalence problem which is implied by Church's thesis. The consequence of this is that the problem of generating a complete set of automatic error recovery routines is an undecidable problem. Thus, the paper presents a development of a restricted equivalence relationship which leads to a solvable problem. As perturbations about the restricted equivalence are examined, a knowledge structure evolves that is intended for use in capturing manufacturing programmed processes in a manner that will facilitate their augmentation. This paper presents the theoretical evolution of that knowledge structure.


Mr. Liang Ji, an old fogy who had witnessed great social changes, drowned himself. His death showed that modern fogies who were looking forward to reviving the old Chinese learning lacked a mental ability required to bear the old culture being abandoned and criticized. They also could not endure a non-Chinese value system which became the center of common ideas in daily lives. In their opinion, "the holy learning" was a kind of organic system, which was beyond spatial-temporal, absolutely reasonable, prefect and self-harmonious. Those late Qing Dynasty fogies classified by means of a potential logic all kinds of cultural information and cultural stimuli into the old framework of cognition. It is also the profound reason why many fogies could keep a dignified, sham and arrogant cultural superiority complex when they were faced with the coming of a new culture. An analysis of the cultural meaning implied in the death of Liang Ji so greatly enlightens us that we naturally think hard enough to seek out the answers to these questions: why did China with relics of a long culture drop behind other countries in modern times? why was it difficult to develop resources of modern thoughts such as democracy and science in China? What's more, on the basis of such analysis, we are so enlightened that we have a understanding of the inevitability of realizing shifts of times in traditional culture and morality, and that we can not indulge in moral idealism.


Multi-mixed model assembly lines (MMMALs) sequencing cooperative optimization is a typical problem that a variety of products models are assembled in multiple assembly lines. It extends the traditional products sequencing from MMAL to MMMALs. In this paper, we pose products assembly sequencing in multi-mixed model assembly lines (MMMALs) as a multiple-objective optimization problem with the objectives to minimize consumption waviness of each material in the lines, total setup cost and finished product inventory cost. The multi-objective optimization algorithm based on NSGAII is designed. Computational experiment has been demonstrated to the applicability of using NSGAII to solve the problem and effectiveness of the proposed approach. By means of this research, the valid solutions for products assembly sequence can be offered to the decision makers effectively.


BACKGROUND
Basal arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma levels in alcoholic patients are persistently decreased over months of controlled alcohol abstinence. As a potential explanation of this phenomenon, a reduction of AVP immunoreactive neurons was described in the hypothalamus of alcohol-dependent humans and rodents. This study was therefore designed to examine whether long-term abstinent alcoholics have a compromised response of AVP to osmostimulation.

METHODS
Fifteen male alcoholics, aged 42 +/- 2 years, were examined (1) over 12 months of strictly controlled abstinence (longitudinal study) and (2) during an osmostimulation test (5% NaCl infusion at 0.06 ml/kg/min over 2 hr) and were compared with 15 healthy male subjects, aged 41 +/- 2 years. AVP and routine laboratory parameters, including electrolytes and osmolality, were measured.

RESULTS
Starting from lower basal concentrations, alcoholics showed increases similar to those of controls in AVP and plasma osmolality after osmostimulation. The first sensation of thirst was announced significantly later by alcoholics than by controls. Twenty-hour-posttest urine volume and sodium excretion were reduced in alcoholics compared with controls.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite their persistently decreased basal AVP plasma levels, long-term abstinent alcoholics have a well preserved AVP response to osmostimulation. This finding indicates a peripheral suppression of AVP levels that is most likely due to a regulatory set-point shift toward hypotonic hyperhydration, rather than to a reduced central capacity of AVP secretion.


This paper shows the significance of the binary variables produced by transformation of sports differentiation on the sports public service system of the government.With 5 binary variables,the paper studies the option modes of binary variables in western countries and possibilities to integrate the variables in the construction of government public sports service system.It presents such strategies thereupon as resource differences,legal system and role orientation,etc.


The results from two workshops on software engineering research strategies, commissioned by the National Science Foundation last year, hint at new directions that software development might take.


The design of coherent detectors for targets in sea clutter presents particular challenges. The Doppler spectra of sea clutter are observed to be both time-varying and range-varying so that when data from a large number of surrounding cells are used to estimate the characteristics of the data in the cell under test, the results can be unreliable. Attempts to use smaller numbers of possibly more representative cells can result in numerical stability problems. In this study the authors extend earlier work on this subject and assess a number of traditional and model-based techniques to see how well false alarms can be controlled while using data from only a small number of surrounding cells. The authors also compare the resulting detection performance when the detection thresholds are adjusted to give a constant false alarm rate at all Doppler frequencies.


The receiving and application of meteorological satellite cloud image can be carried out in modern physics experiment in colleges, in which the student can understand satellites remote sensing technique, satellite image's characteristic and the identification of cloud picture. And therefore students' range of knowledge is widen, and their synthetic ability is improve. In this paper, the principle of meteorological satellite remoting atmosphere and satellite cloud image reveiver is introduced, and the content and the requisition are listed.


In the area of medium voltage DC-DC conversion, series resonant converter is an attractive topology for implementation of the solid state DC transformer. Applying integrated gate controlled thyristor as a switch, it is possible to obtain very low conduction losses, while greatly lowering the switching losses by proper use of this converter topology. Continuous operation of the IGCT under low current turn-off and zero voltage turn-on is explored throughout this paper, with the emphasis of the proper dead-time selection, critical parameter limiting the increase of switching frequency while keeping the turn-off losses low. Theoretical assumptions and conclusions are supported by experimental results obtained from a dedicated test setup designed to emulate the operating conditions present in series resonant converter.


The statistical characteristics and mechanism of the South Atlantic Ocean Dipole (SAOD) from 1980 to 2021 are analysed using observational datasets. The spatial pattern of the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) during SAOD is a dipole pattern oriented in the northeast‐southwest direction, and the intensity of the SSTA in the northeast pole (NEP) is stronger than that in the southwest pole (SWP). SAOD has a decadal variability of about 12 years during 1980–2007, along with obvious seasonal phase‐locking, with the anomaly pattern developing in boreal spring (March–May), peaking in summer (June–August) and decaying in autumn (September–November). For a positive SAOD event (positive SSTA in the NEP, negative in the SWP), positive SSTA in the NEP grows due to a decrease in wind speed and thus in latent heat flux loss in boreal spring, as well as an increase in shortwave radiation flux from boreal spring to summer. However, southwesterly wind anomalies drive cold water from high latitudes to the SWP in boreal spring and summer, coupled with strong wind speed anomalies enhancing the loss of latent heat flux, which contributes to a negative SSTA in the SWP. In addition, the intensity of the SSTA in the SWP is weaker than that in the NEP because of the contribution of smaller shortwave radiation flux, sensible heat flux and larger mixed layer depth in the SWP in summer. For a negative SAOD mode (negative SSTA in the NEP, positive in the SWP), the wind, shortwave radiation flux, sensible heat flux and mixed layer depth anomalies are the opposite of those under a positive SAOD event.


Purpose: Surgery remains the only curative option for patients with extrahepatic bile duct cancer (EHBD Ca). But, long-term survival is typically not good because of the advanced stage of disease at the time of diagnosis and frequent disease recurrence after surgical resection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate factors that influence survival and recurrence after surgical resection of EHBD Ca. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 113 patients who had received surgical resection for EHBD Ca between 2004 and 2009 was done. We investigated histopathological features, and survival and recurrence rates, and evaluated prognostic factors affecting survival and disease recurrence after surgical resection. Results: Overall survival rates for 1, 3 and 5 years were 73.2%, 42.8%, and 36.0% respectively. In univariate analysis, prognostic factors influencing survival were histologic differentiation, T stage, lymph node (LN) metastasis, TNM stage, perineural invasion (PNI), lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and resection margin state. Among them, LN metastasis, PNI and resection margin state were found to be independent prognostic factors for overall survival in multivariate analysis. Recurrence occurred in 44 patients (48.9%) and disease-free survival rates were 50.6% at 1 year and 38.3% at 3 year. Univariate analysis revealed that histologic differentiation, T stage, LN metastasis, TNM stage, PNI and LVI were significantly associated with recurrence. In multivariate analysis, only LN metastasis was found to be a significant independent predictor of recurrence. Conclusion: LN metastasis, PNI and positive resection margin were significant prognostic factors affecting survival. LN metastasis was found to be a significant independent predictor of recurrence in surgical resection of EHBD Ca.


Experimental wind tunnel tests have been attempted to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of floating offshore structure using some types of scaled models. The static behaviors of lift, drag forces and pitching moment of its models are measured to examine the relationship between wind loads and incidence angle, wind velocity, shape of models. The effect of solid ground has been obtained also.


This study focuses on the perceptions of student-teachers towards their engagement in small-scale research projects undertaken whilst on a one-year postgraduate initial teacher education programme. We present an institutional response to national and international policy agendas regarding the place of research within initial teacher education at master's level, focusing on the role of practitioner enquiry in facilitating a critical engagement with practice. The paper concludes that practitioner enquiry offers a potentially powerful and illuminating way of exploring emerging professional identity and asserting agency in beginning teachers.


Many small nucleolar RNAs and many of the hairpin precursors of miRNAs are processed from long non-protein-coding (lncRNA) host genes. In contrast to their highly conserved and heavily structured payload, the host genes feature poorly conserved sequences. Nevertheless there is mounting evidence that the host genes have biological functions. No obvious connections between the function of the host genes and the function of their payloads have been reported. Here we inverstigate whether there is an association of host gene function or mechanisms with the type of payload. To assess this hypothesis we test whether the miRNA host genes (MIRHGs), snoRNA host genes (SNHGs), and other lncRNAs host genes can be distinguished based on sequence and structure features. A positive answer would imply a correlation between host genes and their payload. While the three classes can be distinguished reliably when the classifier is allowed to extract features from the payloads, this is no longer the case when only sequence and structure of parts of the host gene distal from the snoRNAs or miRNA payload is used for classification. Our data indicate that the functions of MIRHGs and SNHGs are largely independent of the functions of their payloads. Furthermore, there is no evidence that the MIRHGs and SNHGs form coherent classes of long non-coding RNAs distinguished by features other than their payloads.


The social-democratic ideas which define the modern national Swedish idea have had an important influence on Swedish modern design during this century. Swedish designers found humanistic and democratic values in the traditional design style and they tried to create a modem style that was based on handcraft traditions as well as modem industrial aesthetics. Issues raised by Swedish designers of that time included how Sweden was achieving a national identity through design and how design reflected changes within society.
The purpose of this study is to investigate the social reformation policy of the Swedish government during the 1930-1970 period and its influence on Swedish modern design. This paper, it is hoped, will provide an opportunity to place contemporary Swedish design in a sodal and aesthetic context.


The application of nuclear magnetic resonance cryoporometry(NMRC)for cementitious materials was analyzed.The constant in Gibbs-Thomson equation that described the relationship between decrease value of ice melt point and pore size was obtained via measuring some mesoporous molecular sieve with certain pore size.The constant was then used to analyze the white cement samples with different mW/mC at different ages,and the possible error was discussed.The preliminary result shows that NMRC can give more details of pore size distribution of white cement samples than other methods,such as the volume of close micropore.


The second full annual inventory of Minnesota's forests reports 17 million acres of forest land with an average volume of more than 1,000 cubic feet per acre. Forest land is dominated by the aspen forest type, which occupies nearly 30 percent of the total forest land area. Twenty-eight percent of forest land consists of sawtimber, 35 percent poletimber, 35 percent sapling/seedlings, and 2 percent is nonstocked. Additional forest attribute and forest health information is presented along with information on agents of change including changing land use patterns and the introduction of nonnative plants, insects, and disease. Detailed information on forest inventory methods, data quality estimates, and important resource statistics can be found on the Statistics and Quality Assurance DVD included in this report.


Los Angeles and New York each sought to plant a million trees, prioritizing underserved neighborhoods. This paper examines how MillionTreesLA and MillionTreesNYC defined environmental justice and assesses their progress. While the literature measures distributive equity using statistics, these programs lacked quantifiable benchmarks, leading to ambiguous outcomes. While only MillionTreesNYC successfully planted a million trees, it did not prioritize underserved neighborhoods to a significant degree. In contrast, MillionTreesLA may have prioritized underserved neighborhoods, yet its records were insufficiently detailed to know for sure. Cities must connect theory and practice, adopting statistical benchmarks and improving data collection to monitor progress toward environmental justice.


This column discusses the suggestions of several water utility personnel as to what they would like to have in their operations and maintenance toolkit. Suggestions included: a good attorney; a strong sounding board; a "leadership attribute analysis" of key positions; facility operations manual; maintenance plan and personnel; equipment file; and, safety.


The article presents analyses of experimental data on growing agricultural crops with the use of organic fertilizers based on compost obtained by introducing waste mushroom compost into the soil. The presented data of studies carried out in conditions of Ryazan region on a dark gray forest soil allow to conclude that both fresh compost and one-year-old compost had an increase in all biometric indicators of crops. At the same time, fresh compost gave a greater increase. According to the results of the field experiment, the maximum yield for all crops was observed in variants with semi-rotted compost: the yield of spring wheat was 2.82 t/ha (+ 0.23 t/ha to the control); that of spring barley was 3.21 t/ha (+0.17); that of spring rape was 1.77 t/ha (+0.24); that of Vympel potatoes was 27.91 t/ha (+ 4.41); that of Kolobok potatoes was 11.21 t/ha (+1.63); that of edible pea was 2.10 t/ha (+0.21). The test results of composts made it possible to recommend them as an organic fertilizer to optimize nutritional conditions.


In the modern and computerized energy industry cyber security plays a critical role alongside physical security. The smart grid is considered as one of the leading revolutionary innovations in this industry with established solutions and engineering sciences that support the efficiency, flexibility and reliability of power, gas and water systems. A cybersecurity breach in this industry can have irreversible consequences resulting in disasters that threaten human life, along with more tradition consequences in security principles such as confidentiality, integrity and availability of the service or data. This paper seeks to describe the cyber security issues present in smart grids, including past challenges and their root causes, and proposes methodological approaches to protect the smart grid against cyber security attacks by proposing potential mitigating controls.


The problem of pricing Bermudan options using Monte Carlo and a nonparametric regression is considered. We derive optimal non-asymptotic bounds for a lower biased estimate based on the suboptimal stopping rule constructed using some estimates of continuation values. These estimates may be of different nature, they may be local or global, with the only requirement being that the deviations of these estimates from the true continuation values can be uniformly bounded in probability. As an illustration, we discuss a class of local polynomial estimates which, under some regularity conditions, yield continuation values estimates possessing this property.


This paper mainly describes the method of the high-accuracy temperature measurement system using high-accuracy temperature sensor AD590 and LMX31 series V/F conversion chip.Moreover MAX354 chip is employed to realize 8-way circulation measurements.The measured data are processed on the singlechip-based platform running on C language.Through practical application,this system has realized high-accuracy temperature measurement.


The present invention provides a high sealing performance of a sealing member attached to the glass layer formed by using the pair of substrates. A sealing member, comprising: a first side of the first and second substrates opposed to each other; and a periphery of glass layer disposed along a first surface of the first substrate, the glass substrate and the first layer is in contact the second substrate and forming a space between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the substrate has a first corner portion, a first area of the first substrate surface is the first surface of the second substrate the following area, and at least one glass layer and the first welding area and the welding area of the glass substrate layer and the second substrate, the width of the corner portion is greater than the width of the side portion.


ORNL has machine-searchable data bases that correspond to printed indexes and abstracts. This guide describes the peculiarities of those several data bases and the conventions of the ORNL search system so that users can write their own queries or search profiles and can interpret the part of the output that is encoded.


This study examined the role of normative perceptions of peer drinking in the relationship between depressive symptoms and alcohol use among college students. Participants (n = 225, 73.3% female) completed measures of depressive symptoms, alcohol use, descriptive alcohol norms, and injunctive norms. Results revealed a positive relationship between depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption, as well as between depressive symptoms and normative perceptions. Perceived norms either completely or partially mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and alcohol outcomes. These findings suggest that individuals who experience more depressive symptoms may be more susceptible to peer influences related to drinking. In particular, they may perceive their close friends to drink more and to approve of excessive drinking, which in turn predict their own drinking behavior. To minimize alcohol-related harms among college student drinkers experiencing depressive symptoms, secondary prevention programs that ai...


The maximum diversification has been shown in the literature to depend on the vector of asset volatilities and the inverse of the covariance matrix of the asset return. In practice, these two quantities need to be replaced by their sample statistics. The estimation error associated with the use of these sample statistics may be amplified due to (near) singularity of the covariance matrix, in financial markets with many assets. This, in turn, may lead to the selection of portfolios that are far from the optimal regarding standard portfolio performance measures of the financial market. To address this problem, we investigate three regularization techniques, including the ridge, the spectral cut-off, and the Landweber–Fridman approaches in order to stabilize the inverse of the covariance matrix. These regularization schemes involve a tuning parameter that needs to be chosen. In light of this fact, we propose a data-driven method for selecting the tuning parameter. We show that the selected portfolio by regularization is asymptotically efficient with respect to the diversification ratio. In empirical and Monte Carlo experiments, the resulting regularized rules are compared to several strategies, such as the most diversified portfolio, the target portfolio, the global minimum variance portfolio, and the naive 1/N strategy in terms of in-sample and out-of-sample Sharpe ratio performance, and it is shown that our method yields significant Sharpe ratio improvements.


Introduction Malnutrition among hospitalized patients is highly prevalent. This adversely affects outcomes with longer length of stay (LOS), higher treatment costs and increased mortality. People with diabetes mellitus (DM) are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition and its consequences. Objective To determine the association of nutritional status with LOS and mortality among adults with Type 2 DM. Methodology This was a retrospective study of 439 adult patients with type 2 diabetes admitted in the medical ward of a tertiary hospital from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2018. Demographics, anthropometrics, feeding route, LOS and outcomes were taken from the Clinical Nutrition Service database; biochemical data were taken from the Healthcare System, and were analyzed. Results In our analysis, 83.8% were found to be malnourished with 50.3% moderately-malnourished (MM) (Nutrition risk level 1-2) and 33.5% severely-malnourished (SM) (Nutrition risk level ≥3). BMI category and malnutrition were the significant confounders for LOS. After controlling for BMI, LOS was longer by a mean of 2.2 days in SM compared to well-nourished (WN) patients (95% CI=0.49-3.95, p=0.012). Of the malnourished patients, 6.1% of SM and 0.5% of MM patients died. None of the WN patients died. Feeding route, admitted for neoplasm, low albumin levels and malnutrition were the confounding factors associated with mortality. After controlling for these factors, SM had higher odds of dying compared to MM patients [adjusted OR=8.91 (95% CI=1.04-76.18, p=0.046)]. Conclusion Among hospitalized non-critically ill adult patients with type 2 diabetes, SM patients but not MM patients had significantly longer LOS compared to WN patients, and greater degrees of malnutrition were associated with higher mortality.


We have investigated charge carrier transport in the various phases of the metal-free phthalocyanine derivative, 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octaoctylphthalocyanine (8H2Pc), by the time-of-flight method. The discotic columnar phase of 8H2Pc easily self-organizes in columns perpendicular to the substrate when cooled from the isotropic phase. We found that well-defined transits were observed, not only for positive carriers, but also for negative carriers. For the columnar rectangular phase at 85°C the hole and electron mobilities were very high at 0.2 and 0.3 cm2/(V·s), respectively. These mobilities depend on neither electric field nor temperature. This ambipolar carrier transport was easily observed even in an ambient atmosphere. Interestingly, the mobility in the isotropic phase was of the order of 10-3 cm2/(V·s) and did not depend on temperature, which suggests that the electronic conduction is governed by charge carrier transport in that phase as well.


We present the complete 2-loop renormalization group equations of superpotential parameters for the supersymmetric standard model including the full set of R-parity violating superpotential couplings. We use these equations to do a study of (a) gauge coupling unification, (b) bottom-tau unification, (c) the fixed-point structure of the top quark Yukawa coupling, and (d) two-loop bounds from perturbative unification. The value of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{S}{(M}_{Z})$ predicted from unification can be reduced by 5% with respect to the R-parity conserving case, bringing it to within $2\ensuremath{\sigma}$ of the observed value. Bottom-tau Yukawa unification becomes potentially valid for any value of $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\sim}2\char21{}50$. The prediction of the top Yukawa coupling from the low $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}$ infrared quasi-fixed point can be lowered by up to $10%$, raising $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}$ up to a maximum of 5 and relaxing experimental constraints upon the quasi-fixed scenario. For heavy scalar fermion masses $O(1\mathrm{}\mathrm{TeV})$ the limits on the higher family $\ensuremath{\Delta}L\ensuremath{\ne}0$ operators from perturbative unification are competitive with the indirect laboratory bounds. We calculate the dependence of these bounds upon $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}$.


Mechanical parts of instruments need special attention for their design is different to that of electrical systems. This article covers the wear-true principle and how to decide the best size for the instrument. The systems aspects of static and dynamics are introduced, leading to modeling mechanical systems.


The electrode array of electrical resistance tomography (ERT) system has a great influence on the system performance. Based on the investigation of electrode height, the relation between the electrode height and the divergence of sensing field inside homogenous medium is discussed. In order to improve the performance of dual-plane ERT system, and decrease the influence between two electrode array-plane, a scheme of ERT system electrode array with guard electrodes is presented. Using ANSYS software simulation, the results indicate that the increase of electrode height will improve the structure of sensing field, the guard electrode will make sensing field much more approach to the parallel current field, and compress the divergence of sensing field under the homogenous medium condition. The research results show that the electrode structural optimization is instrumental in improving the system performance.


The paper reports results of an assessment conducted, by special appointment of the Regulator, on potential radiological consequences of a virtual sabotage attack on a road transport of spent nuclear fuel (SNF), en-route for repatriation to the original supplier for processing and final storage. The Operator in char ge was 'Horia Hulubei' National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, IFIN-HH, Bucharest and the sensitive cargo originated in the domestic VVR-S nuclear research reactor currently in decommissioning. The operation was conducted within the provisions of the Russian Research Reactor Fuel Return Program (RRRFR), with assistance from the International Atomic Energy and the U.S. Department of Energy. The analysis in the sequel comes as a second essay in digesting and implementing the notion - non- orthodox from a conventional PRA standpoint - that the likelihood of an improbable, yet consequential 'unplanned' radioactive release should be taken into account in the authorization process, of such operations. The first 'black swan' (1) considered was a case of SNF repatriation by air (2) and has postulated an early plane crash in the takeoff phase; staying with the metaphor, this second case looks for 'black swans' crossing the road to the airport, on the instigation of vicious goose-herders.


AbstractThis paper examines the significance of the ways in which maps have been organised into separate sheets for convenience of production and distribution; compacted from their original sheet format; and conserved in durable covers. This involves a discussion of sheet layouts for map series, folding systems and the related issues of back to back printing, title panels and protective covers.


Day after day, recent advances in millimeter wave communications have called for the development of compact and efficient antennas. Furthermore, the greatest challenges in this area is to get a good performance and a miniaturized antenna. In addition, the design of antenna, in the Silicon technology, is one of the key challenges. In this way, this work will focus on the design of the free 60 GHz band, high gain and high efficiency on-chip antenna meandering slots for transponder Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Further, the stacked dielectric resonators (DRS) will be arranged above the power element of on-chip antenna with an excitation of coplanar waveguide (CPW). We will use the Scattering Bond-Graph formalism like a new technique to design these proposed antennas and we will use the microwave Studio CST software simulation to validate the results. We have miniaturized the proposed antenna after having such a number of iteration and by applying the Bond Graph methodology, and the size of the antenna is about 1.2 * 1.1 mm2.


The coal of group A in Zhangji Coal Mine is seriously threatened by limestone water damage. we use the directional drilling equipment to construct along the strata long drilling and explore the limestone aquifer of the working face bottom plate. According to the characteristics of the formation, the directional drilling casing hole section, rotary drilling hole section, directional bevel hole section, and directional stability The construction methods and key technology of the inclined hole section are analyzed and researched, and the 1414A working face is selected for directional exploration drilling for practical verification. The results show that the directional long drilling technology realizes the full coverage exploration of the working face bottom plate. The target layer has a high drilling encounter rate. The one-time exploration distance is long, which effectively solves the safety risk caused by the bottom plate limestone water damage to the working face safety production. Realizing the promotion of directional drilling equipment in the field of water prevention and control in Huainan Coalfield.


Verifying concurrent programs is challenging due to the exponentially large thread interleaving space. The problem is exacerbated by relaxed memory models such as Total Store Order (TSO) and Partia...


Summary: The purposes of this article are as follows: to present the essence of the benchmarking adapted to the needs of capital group members, in the context of group attributes, and to develop a reference methodology. The keynote is the claim that benchmarking should be an integral part of continuous improvement process in enterprises in the group. The main research method is the analysis of domestic and foreign literature. The most important achievements are: conceptualization of benchmarking in the capital group and the proposition of the four phases and thirteen steps in the benchmarking methodology. The essence of intra-group benchmarking is a mutually beneficial exchange of information by benchmarking partners about a performance and best practices, which leads to the improved performance of all parties involved in the benchmarking project.


5044Background: The role of DNA repair pathways has been recognized in prostate cancer (PC) progression. Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is essential for DNA synthesis and repair. The subunit of RNR...


Summary: The consequences of T‐cell receptor engagement (signal I) are profoundly affected by the presence or absence of co‐stimulation (signal 2). T‐cell receptor (TCR) stimulation in the absence of CD 28‐mediated co‐stimulation not only results in little interleukin (IL)‐2 production, but induces a long lasting hyporesponsive state known as T‐cell clonal anergy The addition of CD 28 ligation to signal 1, on the other hand, results in the production of copious amounts of IL‐2. Our laboratory has utilized CD4+ Th1 clones in an effort to understand the molecular events resulting in enhanced IL‐2 production by co‐stimulation and the inhibition of IL‐ 2 production in anergy Our current studies have focused on defining the post‐transcriptional effects of CD28‐enhanced IL‐2 production The data suggest that a major component of CD28′s ability to regulate IL‐2 production occurs at the level of message stability and involves the 3′‐untranslated region of the message. In terms of anergy, our recent studies support the notion that it is not the result of TCR engagement in the absence of co‐stimulation. but rather signal 1 in the absence of IL‐2 receptor signaling and proliferation. Furthermore, T‐cell anergy appears to be an active negative state in which IL‐2 production is inhibited both at the level of signal transduction and by cis‐dominant repression at the level of the IL‐2 promoter.


The effective electron mass at the Fermi level in quantum wires of non-parabolic semiconductors in the presence of a parallel magnetic field is studied on the basis of a newly derived 1 D-electron dispersion law. It is found, taking n-Hg 1−x Cd x Te and In 1−x Ga x As y P 1−y lattice matched to InP as examples, that the effective Fermi level mass depends on the size quantum numbers in addition to the Fermi energy due to the presence of a magnetic field. The effective masses corresponding to different subbands increase with increasing electron concentration and decreasing film thickness in various ways. In addition, the corresponding well-known results of quantum wires of wide gap materials in absence of a magnetic field are also obtained as special cases of a generalized formulation under certain limiting conditions


Revolution is the most significant event in the 20th century public sphere of China while love and marriage is the most significant event in the private sphere that one can decide on one's own.In the one hundred years of the 20th century,revolution and love took on different forms in different phases of revolution.These forms included the integration of revolution and love,breaking-in of revolution and love,revolutionary norm love,revolution hindering love,the separation of love from revolution,and the physical situation of love after revolution vanished.The transformations of the relationship between revolution and love may reflect the traces of the social changes of the 20th century China and the different living states in the one hundred years.


The presentation situates the development of Lurianic Kabbalah in its context of sixteenth-century Safed. Focusing on two texts by Hayyim Vital, Lawrence Fine discusses sexuality and marital relations in Lurianic Kabbalah and among the Kabbalists themselves. This presentation is for the following text(s): Reasons for the Commandments concerning "Be Fruitful and Multiply" The Gate of [Contemplative] Intentions, Concerning Sabbath Eve


Traffic signal control is an effective way to regulate traffic flow to avoid conflict and reduce congestion. The ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) algorithm is an optimization technique based on swarm intelligence. This research investigates the application of ACO to traffic signal control problem. The decentralized, collective, stochastic, and self-organization properties of this algorithm fit well with the nature of traffic networks. Computer simulation results show that this method outperforms the conventional fully actuated control, especially under the condition of high traffic demand.


Folding machine prototype is a tool for folding clothes that used a LEGO Mindstorm EV3 and the movement of this LEGO will be controlled by using the proposed method.This research is using 2 kind of system, first is (Proportional Integration Derivaitive) and second is Fuzzy-PD. This system can improve the production efficiency especially in micro convection-based industry (UKM). This folding machine prototype has 3 folds connected to the EV3 Large Motors as actuators. PID and Fuzzy-PD control systems are used to control the position of the motor angle by reading the rotary encoder. Based on the test results with load condition at Kp = 7,00; Ki = 2.00; Kd = 15.5, the PID control system has a rise time of 0.479s with settling time of 0.551s and overshoot value of 9,1%. While the result of Fuzzy-PD control shows the rise time is equal to 0.617s with settling time of 0.7s and overshoot value of 7.5%.


After the unit put into production,auto adjusting equipment of primary air flow of coal mill could not run normally.By improving the measuring system of primary air flow,the system could run normally.The special air flow measurement instrument was introduced from the point of choosing air flow measurement equipment,and the transformation experience was summarized.


Phase transitions in the early universe are prime settings for the production of primordial black holes, since they can break the relatively quiescent homogeneity and isotropy of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmologies. These epochs of "symmetry breaking," moreover, can affect the subsequent development of spacetime by changing the evolution of some FRW parameters, including the present age and density of the universe. We discuss the relative importance of such effects on constraining mechanisms of black hole formation.


In the present paper the resonances of vibrational modes in one-dimensional random Morse lattice are found and analyzed. The resonance energy exchange is observed at some values of elongation. Resonance $2 \omega_1 = \omega_2$ is investigated in details. The interacting modes are inequivalent: the higher-frequency mode is much more stable in the excited state, i.e. its life-time is larger than the life-time of lower-frequency mode under the resonance conditions. Simple model of two nonlinearly coupled harmonic oscillators is also considered. It allows to get analytical description and to investigate the kinetics and the energy exchange degree vs. such parameters as the resonance detuning and specific energy. The very similar behavior is found in the Morse and the two-oscillatory models, and an excellent agreement between analytical and numerical results is obtained. Analogous resonance phenomena are also found in the random Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice under contraction.


A direct Monte Carlo simulation of secondary electron emission from Al is carried out in order to describe its dependence on the incident angle. The results show that the dependence of the electron yield at low energy is under the inverse cosine of the angle measured from the surface normal. At high energy, however, it is slightly over the inverse cosine at least for angles of less than 60°. These are mainly caused by small penetration and large backscattering of primary electrons for high incident angles. The calculation describes the experiment better than the conventional simulation based on continuous slowing-down approximation. Furthermore, the energy and angular distributions of emitted secondary electrons are insensitive to the incident angle. In electron emission statistics at higher energies than an energy where the secondary electron yield is maximum, the probabilities for no emission and high n electron emission (n>2) are larger than the Poisson distribution, being enhanced for high incident angle due to the backscattering.


A 3,6-bis(5-amino-2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine exhibits strong π-π* fluoresce in the presence of zinc ion (Zn(2+)) in aqueous solution, whereas it is not fluorescent in the absence of Zn(2+) as well as in the presence of competing metal ions.


!! Introduction
While beneficial, learning a language after the critical age in adulthood is a trying task in which some people seem to fare better than others. Our research was driven by our wish to study personality traits and their role in second language acquisition, especially in the aspect of pragmatics.

!! Hypothesis
We believe that individuals with greater ability to relate to others and to feelings of others would additionally have more success in acquiring the subtle and unwritten language rules that together form the pragmatics of a language. Our hypothesis is supported by research of individuals with autism who usually score low in the common EQ tests and are reported to have underdeveloped pragmatical language ability while their structural language skills range. [1]

!! Experiment
We used standard Baron-Cohen EQ test and for pragmatical ability we adapted a Test of Pragmatical versus Grammatical Awareness designed by Bardovi-Harlig & Dornyei [2]. It consists of 20 scenarios from school environment out of which 8 are pragmatically and 8 grammatically wrong. The participants must report which behavior they find incorrect, why and how serious they consider each error.

!! Results
We accepted the answers of 68 Slovak native speakers. Average age of these participants was 24, average EQ was 41 and most common English level was 8 out of 10. The score was calculated as the number of correctly found errors minus false alarms for both the pragmatical and grammatical ability. While we can report a significant correlation of the pragmatical score to empathy (r=0.325; p 0.05).

!! Conclusion
We can conclude that pragmatical ability is related to empathy. We hypothesized that individuals with higher EQ show greater pragmatical awareness and such behavior was shown by our participants. Just as important is our finding that grammatical ability is not related to empathy as we would not expect such relationship to appear and we would have to reconsider our theory or testing procedure. Our main hypothesis was novel and as such emerged from the literature as well as from our experience with ESL learners.

!! References
[1] J. Volden et.al., "Brief Report: Pragmatic Language in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Relationships to Measures of Ability and Disability," Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 39.2 : 388-393, 2009.

[2] K. Bardovi-Harlig, Z. Dornyei, "Do Language Learners Recognize Pragmatic Violations? Pragmatic Versus Grammatical Awareness in Instructed L2 Learning*," TESOL Quarterly, Volume 32, Issue 2, pages 233–259, 1998.


HE PSYCHOANALYTIC ExAnmmIoN of an author's life or his work, involving the thorny methodological problems of "analyT sis in absentia," is sometimes facilitated by picking a subject with a relatively simple lifeline, whose psychological preoccupations recur with regularity, in thinly disguised form, in a succession of variations on a theme. This is, unfortunately, hardly the case with Charles Dickens. His creations offer a vast panorama of human situations and characters, spun out with intricate plot and complexly woven thematic texture; and his life was as richly detailed as his novels. Dickens's incredible sensitivity responded to almost every aspect of his world with a kind of total registration that translated itself into his work in myriad disguises. Thus, since any number of theories could be corroborated by selective example, the problem is to choose out of the profusion, crucial material that might help to illuminate the principal unconscious motives and countermotives that drove him so relentlessly. In the present study, I shall investigate a leading motif in Dickens' love life-his tendency to idealize a certain ethereal kind of young girl-and the consequence of a series of narcissistic disappointments in relation to such idealized objects. I t is my belief that an examination of this area of Dickens' personality may contribute to the understanding of two rather puzzling features of his life: (1) that this supremely successful writer, a man of vitality, good will, and virile charm, should have experienced such an unhappy love liEe; and (2) that in later years he turned increasingly from writing to public dramatic readings, which he pursued in a


Resource exploratory process is a process for continuously obtaining information about new resources.It is one of the key problems for reducing exploratory cost and accelerating exploratory velocity for choosing optimal exploratory grid.Geostatistics data have many advantages for evaluatiing exploratory grid.The geostatistics data were applied to analyzing the geological features of the SA seamount in the central Pacific.The theoretical variogram model of cobalt crust thickness on the SA seamount was established with the Ordinary Kriging method.Current exploratory grid could not control the distribution of cobalt crust on the seamount according to the variance laws of thickness being the function of exploratory grid and grid type.It is necessary to get more samples for investigation.The optimal exploratory grid was determined to provide references for designing of various voyages for ocean resource exploratory investigations.


The number of people with gender dysphoria and gender incongruence who seek assessment, support and treatment at gender identity clinic services has increased substantially over the years in Europe...


Purpose of the study: There is continuing uncertainty about the selection of acute pain management techniques. This study aims to analyse the effectiveness and safety of acute pain management from a large prospective database.

Methods: From January 1991 to December 2005 patients managed by the Acute Pain Service at Westmead Hospital where formally assessed during a daily ward round and data was recorded on a form. This information was entered into a computerised database and was analysed using statistical software. Information collected included demographics, anatomical site of surgery, surgical speciality, analgesic technique, pain score, and adverse events (predefined list).

Results: Patient details: total number 27,752, ages ranged from 1 to 103 years (median 46.3), male 38%, female 64%. Site of surgery: lower abdominal 32%, upper and lower abdominal 30%, peripheral 11%, thoracic 6%, spine 3.8%, upper abdominal 2.9%, joint replacement 2.5%. Analgesic technique (n): epidural 5958, PCA morphine 12463, PCA fentanyl 2518, morphine infusion 1739, PCEA pethidine 1358, intrathecal morphine 1034, epidural morphine 458, nerve sheath catheter 255. Pain scores on day one were 2 or less for 79% of patients. Variables associated with increased pain score included: young age, site of surgery, and analgesic technique. Adverse events: respiratory rate <8/min 0.78%, naloxone given 0.65%, hypotension due analgesia 0.6%. Factors associated with respiratory depression were: analgesic technique (systemic opioid), type of surgery, increased age, male sex, and high pain scores. Factors associated with PONV (treated) were: young age, female sex, type of analgesia, type of surgery, high pain score.

Conclusions: Analgesic effectiveness and adverse events are related to patient factors, nature of surgery and choice of analgesic technique.


The article combs the research content of the knowledge life cycle and the evolution knowledge,analyzes connotation,features,stages and factors of knowledge ecological system evolution,and discusses collaboration,balance,cultural choice and concurrence mechanisms of the evolution of knowledge ecological system.


Summary

Novel biodegradable polymer materials have been synthesised via copolymerization of styrene, or caprolactam, or ethyleneterephthalate oligomers, or methylmethacrylate with comparatively small amounts (1–20 mol. %) of α-angelicalactone (AL) or polyangelicalactone (PAL). The molecular mass (up to 150000 amu), tensile strength (up to 170 MPa for ethyleneterephthalate-AL copolymers), elongation at break, and yield strength of the polymers have been measured. Generally, the AL additives change the polymer strength characteristics by not more than 10–20%. Biodegradation of the synthesised polymers have been studied in the forest soil and in the composting plant wastes under conditions of anaerobic or aerobic digestion. Aerobic composting with plant wastes allows complete degradation of the AL-containing copolymers within 9–25 weeks, except for the ethyleneterephthalate-AL copolymers, which lose only 14–22% of the mass during 20 weeks of composting. The AL-free homopolymers are essentially not digested under the conditions examined.


Promising configurations for grating-waveguide structures are presented. In these structures, the grating layer, which is normally adjacent to the waveguide layer, is displaced by means of an intermediate layer, resulting in significant reduction of losses and weaker coupling. This leads to very narrow spectral bandwidths and high contrast ratios. Experimental results reveal that the spectral bandwidths can be as low as 0.1 nm with contrast ratios greater than 1000, suggesting that these grating-waveguide structures could be useful for optical communication networks.


The primary active constituent of the hemp plant Cannabis
sativa is 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)1. Anandamide, an
endogenous ligand for brain cannabinoid CB1 receptor, produces
many behavioural effects similar to those of THC.
(R)-(+)-methanandamide (MET) is a synthetic long-lasting
arachidonylethanolamide (anandamide) analogue. The enzymatic
system of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) is part of phase I of
enzymatic biotransformation. Interindividual variability of
activity of oxidative and conjugating enzymes, especially the
system of CYP450, can be based on many exogenous as well as
endogenous influences e.g. sex, age or genetic factors. The aim
of this work was to investigate the effect of repeated
administration of (MET) on rat liver CYP2D2 isoenzyme using
dextromethorphan (DEM) as a specific marker4. We have also
studied the role of sex on the activity of CYP2D2 isoenzyme.
The activity of CYP2D2 differed due to pretreatment with
methanandamide. In our experiments the influence of this
compound on rat CYP2D2 was inhibitive and metabolic activity of
studied isoenzyme CYP2D2 in male and female rats was
significantly higher in the control group than in (MET). The
levels of metabolite DOR in the pre-treated R-MG groups of rats
were lower than in controls of both sexes.


Theoretical calculations on the fluoroacetones and their conjugate acids exhibit an inverse dependence of the proton affinity on the number of fluorine substituents. The good correlation between in...


PURPOSE: A device for encoding and decoding a stereo-scopic image having motion and disparity compensation, and a method thereof are provided to execute encoding by using motion and disparity information to field and frame predictions, and more efficiently compensate disparity by using disparity information with other side image existing on the same time base. CONSTITUTION: A method for encoding a stereo-scopic image having motion and disparity compensation includes the steps of converting the stereo-scopic image composed of a frame of a left side image and a frame of a right side image so that the left image and the right image are included in a single frame; encoding the left image by motion compensation and a DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform) based on a preliminarily stored reference image and updating the reference image; and encoding the right image through motion compensation by motion prediction, disparity compensation by disparity prediction, and the DCT based on the reference image.