Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend and apply the systems model of the household proposed by Dixon, his colleagues, and his students to situations in which vulnerable consumers are not able to follow the purely rational models of economics. The case of homeless families is examined.Design/methodology/approach – The paper presents a literature review, an introduction of Baker et al.'s concepts of consumer normalcy and consumer vulnerability, and an application of expanded model to consumer studies of homeless persons published by Ronald Hill and his colleagues.Findings – The same household systems models might be used to unfold the complex problems that can undermine the functioning in a household, causing it to be unproductive and potentially fail. Applications of the concepts of "consumer normalcy" and "consumer vulnerability" provide a useful platform to develop public policy recommendations, the example of homeless persons will be considered as an illustration.Research limitations/implicat...


This paper provides an overview of ASEM/2003/052 Improving Financial Returns to Smallholder Tree Farmers in the Philippines funded by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) and which commenced on 1 January 2004. ASEM/2003/052 involves a series of interrelated research activities investigating ways to improve financial returns to smallholder tree farmers in the Philippines. The paper first discusses the main drivers for current low returns to smallholders that have been identified from research and extensive consultations with stakeholders. In particular, the effects of regulations on market access and product quality appear to be the dominant constraints on smallholders receiving higher returns from their existing tree farms. The paper then outlines the general research strategy that has been developed to address these constraints by improving the implementation of policy, helping smallholders access markets and through longer term policy initiatives. The important economic, social and environmental benefits of the project are outlined.


Significance Myelin segments facilitate fast conduction along axons, and thus the rapid transmission of information in the nervous system. In the absence of pathology, myelin segments are generally regarded as highly stable structures with plasticity limited to growth-related increases in myelin thickness. We discovered that existing myelin segments are also capable of rapid shortening and demonstrate that shortening involves a characteristic focal dystrophy that develops at the contact point with a phagocytic astrocyte. These astrocytes internalize large quantities of myelin from shortening segments using known phagocytic machinery in a developmentally regulated manner. This mechanism likely contributes to other instances of myelin remodeling and prevents the persistence of potentially pathological myelin dystrophies. Oligodendrocytes can adapt to increases in axon diameter through the addition of membrane wraps to myelin segments. Here, we report that myelin segments can also decrease their length in response to optic nerve (ON) shortening during Xenopus laevis metamorphic remodeling. EM-based analyses revealed that myelin segment shortening is accomplished by focal myelin-axon detachments and protrusions from otherwise intact myelin segments. Astrocyte processes remove these focal myelin dystrophies using known phagocytic machinery, including the opsonin milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (Mfge8) and the downstream effector ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1). By the end of metamorphic nerve shortening, one-quarter of all myelin in the ON is enwrapped or internalized by astrocytes. As opposed to the removal of degenerating myelin by macrophages, which is usually associated with axonal pathologies, astrocytes selectively remove large amounts of myelin without damaging axons during this developmental remodeling event.


Summary 1. With the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive, the need for studies on European lake fish communities has increased to include lake type-specific fish community features. Although several standardized fish sampling methodologies are available, most previous fish community studies lack a simultaneous consideration of the littoral, benthic and pelagic habitats of lakes. 2. To compare habitat-specific fish communities, we sampled 67 lakes in the northeastern German lowlands using Norden multimesh gillnets in the benthic and pelagic habitats, and electrofishing in the littoral zone. 3. Standardized catches and diversity of the fish community differed among the three habitats sampled. Species richness and Shannon diversity were higher in benthic and littoral habitats compared with pelagic habitats. Overall, the benthic habitat had the most homogeneous catches and contained the most diverse fish community. 4. Cluster analysis and subsequent indicator value analyses produced substantially different optimum cluster numbers for the three habitat-specific fish communities. Based on the significant differences in fish community composition among the habitats, a simultaneous consideration of numerical fish catches from all habitats was performed using standardized fish abundances. 5. The cluster analysis of the combined abundances resulted in three groups of lakes that were indicated by three fish species. Morphological descriptors (volume, area, maximum depth, mean depth) and descriptors related to the trophic situation (conductivity, total phosphorus) clearly distinguished the three lake groups. 6. All three habitats showed distinct characteristics with respect to either species diversity or relative species' abundances. Our results do not support a conceptual model for all lakes of a gradual succession of fish communities as a result of eutrophication. 7. Synthesis and applications. Only simultaneous consideration of all lake habitats will fulfil the requirements of the Water Framework Directive for evaluating the ecological integrity of lakes. A pre-separation into at least two community types according to lake morphology is necessary before the deviation of the present fish community relative to a reference state can be determined.


Spectrum handoff is a key technology in cognitive radio,and when the primary user appears at the licensed spectrum,the cognitive user must quickly vacate the spectrum,move to a new idle spectrum and resume the unfinished transmission,thus to ensure the service quality while guaranteeing the normal communication of the primary user.This would improve the overall spectrum utilization of the system.This paper gives the concept of spectrum handoff,compares two major types of spectrum handoff strategies,that is proactive spectrum handoff strategy and reactive spectrum handoff strategy.Finally this paper summarizes the related target channel selection algorithms,and points out the future work on this topic.


With the reform of the basical medical system for urban working staff and the launch and deepening work of the new-type rural cooperative medical pirot project, the reform of college students' basical medical-care system should be put on agenda. As an important constituent of social medical system ensured,college students' basical medical system ensured should directly go to the urban working staff's basical medical care system and be accomplished and perfected in a way of expenses being burdened by three parties——parents,school and the nation, serious diseases being taken into general consideration, medical care serving all students and lovering all diseases so that proplems arising from the system can be thoroughly solved.


Laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR) apnea occurs in infants in response to water in the larynx and may contribute to pathogenesis of SIDS. The LCR is prolonged in neonatal piglets and rats that are warmed 1‐3 degrees C, and this thermal prolongation is exaggerated in rat pups born to mothers exposed to cigarette smoke during pregnancy. Since smoking mothers expose their fetuses to nicotine, we studied the effect on the LCR of combined prenatal nicotine exposure and brief postnatal hyperthermia in anesthetized rat pups. Pregnant rats were exposed to nicotine (6.4 mg/kg/day) or saline by infusion via implanted osmotic minipumps from gestational day 3 (GD3) until GD 21. The LCR was assessed between postnatal days 4‐15 with and without hyperthermia. Prenatal nicotine exposure exaggerated the thermal prolongation of the LCR. In the nicotine group (n=21), respiratory disruption by the LCR during hyperthermia averaged 13.24 1.85 sec, and the longest apnea averaged 8.29 1.29 sec. In the control group (n=24), respiratory disruption under the same conditions averaged 7.19 0.97 sec, and the longest apnea averaged 4.68 0.76 sec. Thus, prenatal nicotine exposure enhances the hyperthermic prolongation of the LCR, which has previously been shown in piglets to depend on GABAergic inhibition of breathing.


This paper provides a model for choosing excellent sellers,using buyer agents standing for buyers and seller agents standing for sellers.With the model,the buyer agent can learn to identify trustworthy buyer agent friends,and combining the information from them and the its own experience,it can identify high quality,low priced sellers in the complex electronic markets.We conduct experiments to confirm that the proposed model is able to accurately identify the trustworthy buyer friends and can choose the excellent seller in the complex electronic markets.Besides,this paper also shows that the agent with this model has higher gain than that with buyer agent acting alone.


We performed a set of scaled laboratory experiments to simulate pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) using dilute mixtures of warm talc powder in air. The experiments were designed to evaluate the effects of topography on current runout, buoyancy reversal and liftoff, and mass partitioning into buoyant plumes. The densimetric and thermal Richardson, Froude, Stokes, and settling numbers for our experiments match those of PDCs and the laboratory currents are fully turbulent, although the experiments have lower Reynolds numbers than PDCs, thus our experiments are dynamically similar to natural currents. Comparisons of currents traversing flat topography or encountering barriers shows that runout distance is not significantly reduced for currents that traverse barriers with height less than 1.5 times the current thickness, but currents do not pass taller barriers. Buoyancy reversals occur in most currents, resulting in liftoff and generation of a buoyant plume. Liftoff occurs near the maximum runout distance for currents traveling over flat topography, but is focused near or above barriers for currents that encounter barriers. Notably, plume formation above barriers can result in reversal of flow direction downstream of the obstruction as portions of the current flow back and feed the rising plume. Greater than half of the initial particle mass composing the density currents usually partitions into the buoyant plumes; that fraction is greater for currents that liftoff closer to the source, thus topographic barriers increase mass partitioning from currents into buoyant plumes.


The use of geotextiles to mitigate frost effects in soils has been studied, but few techniques have been developed. Guidelines developed for the placement of granular capillary barriers are presented to serve as preliminary guidelines for geotextile capillary barriers. Laboratory research shows that pore size distribution, wettability, and, for some geotextiles, thickness influence capillary barrier performance in a given soil. Geotextiles that easily wet do not reduce frost heave and may even exacerbate it. On the basis of the literature reviewed, guidance for selection of geotextile capillary barriers in field trials is given. If geotextiles function as capillary barriers during freezing and reinforce or separate and filter the subgrade at the base course interface during thaw, then the potential exists for their use in a combination of functions to reduce frost-related damage in geotechnical structures. It was found that properly designed geotextiles have the potential to reduce frost heave by functioning as capillary barriers, they can be filters for capillary barriers, and they can provide reinforcement or separation or filtration (or all of these) of the subgrade soil to reduce thaw-related damage.


Natural waters of eastern Croatia, groundwater and the river Drava water, contain an increased concent ration of natural organic matter (NOM) as a result of complex animal and vegetable dissolving processes in the environment. Since the increased NOM concentration in drinking water causes appearance of yellowish colour and formation of trihalomethanes (THM) during water chlorination, the main task of water-treatment process, is to remove NOM from water which often implies water filtration through activated carbon filters. In order to examine the efficiency of NOM removal from natural waters, four granulated activated carbons were tested and the main factors affecting adsorption efficiency, e.g., carbon dosage, pH and contact time were studied.


We demonstrate that the use of a self-assembled monolayer, consisting of a thiol derivative of Dabcyl, can be used to normalize surface enhanced Raman signals (SERS) with respect to varying enhancement. Chaotic assemblies of gold nanoparticles exhibit large spatial variation in enhancement. Our work shows that in such a system the signals from the reporting molecules in the SAM co-vary with the signal from the analyte solution. With this knowledge, a normalization procedure was used to increase the precision of the analyte signal by 1 order of magnitude, to 8-13%, fully acceptable for quantitative work.


The invention relates to a display unit, with at least one carrier unit (1) which is configured such that the support unit (1) when driven by elements (6) of a display structure according to the control varies its optical properties, and with at least one receiving unit (5) which is designed such that the receiving unit (5) detects the presence of an object, wherein the display structure is so configured and / or wherein the receiver unit (5) in such a way relative to the support unit (1) is arranged so that the receiving unit ( 5) is mounted in a region which is free from the display structure. Furthermore, the invention relates to a corresponding field device with a display unit.


The present invention generally relates to autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) field, and treatment of other diseases. The present invention discloses a method using a T cell receptor peptide therapy of autoimmune diseases and monitoring. The present invention also discloses nucleic acid and peptide sequences found in the MS patient population of T cell receptors.


The aim of this work is to present results of preparation and characterization of the dried municipal sewage sludge and so called solid carbonaceous product, the outcome of its further processing by slow microwave pyrolysis/torrefaction. Characterization intends to determine the use of these products for combustion with energy production, agriculture, and blue-green infrastructure. The tests included several variables influencing pyrolysis such as mixing sewage sludge with addi- tives, pelletization process, pyrolysis residence time, process temperature and parameters such as yield of solid carbonaceous product, yield of pyrolysis oil, yield of pyrolysis gas, content of heavy metals, calorific value, organic carbon, pH, electrical conductivity, and surface area. The results showed that mixing and pelletizing processes improved the feedstock qualitative parameters necessary for the certification as a solid alternative fuel and the subsequent certification as biochar or the soil amendment. For certification of biochar or soil amendment substance, it is necessary to prepare a mixture of raw dried sewage sludge with additives to improve the feedstock qualitative parameters to increase organic matter and to improve other properties such as organic car- bon, surface area etc. The results indicate that slow microwave pyrolysis/torrefaction transforms sewage sludge into solid carbonaceous product and represents an eco-friendly way of sewage sludge disposal which belongs to the important strategies of circular economy.


In recent years, use of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) sucker rod has increased in beam pumping system. FRP sucker rod has some merits, i. e. lightweight, increase of the effective plunger stroke length. In 1987, Teikoku Oil Company started the use of FRP sucker rods in Yabase oil field, Akita Prefecture, Japan.In the case of using FRP sucker rods, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of FRP sucker rods. Because the behavior of FRP sucker rods is different from that of steel sucker rods. The production rate of FRP sucker rod pumping system fluctuates on a larger scale than steel sucker rod pumping system. Sometimes the production rate becomes nearly 0. Then we introduced the sucker rod pumping diagnostics system and analized the performance of the FRP sucker rod pumping system. Finally we obtained the peculiar performance of FRP sucker rod system and the appropriate operating conditions.The content of this paper are as follows:(1) characteristics of FRP sucker rod(2) analysis of FRP sucker rod pumping system(3) design of FRP sucker rod pumping system and field data.


The growing importance of the supervisory board in Germany is associated with broader legal duties and increased liability risks for its members. The monograph comprehensively analyzes the prerequisites and boundaries of the criminal liability of supervisory board members, taking into consideration recent developments and practical questions in case of a breach of trust, criminal omissions as well as special offenses under German criminal law.
 Furthermore the monograph formulates, based on a legal comparison to the criminal liability of non-executive board members within the Greek one-tier corporate governance system, general perspectives regarding the criminal liability of board members with supervisory powers.


Summary.  Suppose that we have m repeated measures on each subject, and we model the observation vectors with a finite mixture model.  We further assume that the repeated measures are conditionally independent. We present methods to estimate the shape of the component distributions along with various features of the component distributions such as the medians, means and variances. We make no distributional assumptions on the components; indeed, we allow different shapes for different components.


Audiospectrographs of sounds of 11 species of Hemiptera from the families Cydnidae, Pentatomidae, Reduviidae, Phymatidae, and Corixidae, and 13 species of Homoptera from the families Cercopidae, Cicadellidae, Membracidae, and Fulgoridae are presented and discussed. These sounds can be grouped as common sounds, courtship sounds, or disturbance sounds, depending on the circumstances under which they are produced. Hemiptera produce noises by moving a movable scraper over a stationary file, while Homoptera produce noises by vibrating tergal abdominal timbals. Phymatids and reduviids appear to use fewer teeth per stridulation than the total number present on the file. Also, three different patterns of head movement associated with sound production are found among the five subfamilies of Reduviidae recorded. In general, sounds produced by Hemiptera are much more uniform than the irregular series of ticks and trills produced by Homoptera. No positive evidence of function for any of these sounds has yet been presented, although many authors have linked sound production and courtship in several families of Hemiptera and Homoptera. Because they are such soft sounds, it is not likely that they function as the primary mechanism of species congregation as is the case in loud-singing insects, but rather that they function at a secondary level after congregation has occured in response to other stimuli. These soft noises probably arose in conjunction with moving visual cues in the courtship behavior of Hemiptera and Homoptera, and became functional in disturbance situations only after they became relatively intense. Species which occur in the same sound environment produce sounds which differ primarily in number of tooth-strikes or timbal-vibrations per pulse, in timbalvibration rate, in number of pulses per phrase, and in pulse rate. Special equipment has been constructed to reduce background noise and to amplify the soft sounds produced by these animals while observing them at the same time. Changes made in the tape recorder circuits and a transistor amplifier designed especially for recording soft sounds between 0.3 and 12 kcps. are described. The next logical step to be taken in the analysis of these sounds is to establish a predictable response to some naturally produced sounds, and then to proceed to analyze experimentally its function and its means of transmission and reception.


In recent years, almost all systems using the linear feedback shift storage device (LFSR) design of stream ciphers have been cracked by Algebraic attack. In light of this, finding a modern cipher that avoids old security issues with the design of both security and performance becomes an important issue. In 2004, the European Union initiated "the selection of a new streaming secret (eSTREAM)", which is analogous to the United States' formulation of "AES block density standards." Forty eight candidates were chosen after public screening, review and final selection process. Details were published in the May 2008 results report. This article is to discuss the eSTREAM stream cipher. eSTREAM was part of the group of eight surviving the third phase of the software selection process focusing on HC stream cipher for research. In recent years, stream cipher attack studies have been very popular, especially employing Distinguishing Attack. This article also performed the security analysis for HC stream cipher, and proposes a design for a reduced version of HC-256. The reduced version of HC-256 is comparable to the original HC-256 in terms of resistance to distinguishing attacks. This new generation of core stream cipher algorithm design can help understand the implications of theory and application of mathematical practices towards research and analysis of stream ciphers.


Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) method is employed to simulate the adsorption of methane in several nanoporous zeolites. Adsorption isotherms over the temperature 177-398K and the pressure 0-12MPa are simulated. And their adsorption capacities of methane in these zeolites at different temperatures and pressures are also compared. The results show that: (1) the methane uptake is in the order of LTA>MOR>MFI at the same condition. The isosteric heat can support this conclusion: the value of isosteric heat in LTA is the largest, intermediate in MOR and the least in MFI. (2) The effects of the pore volume, channel size and the energetic interactions between zeolite and methane on adsorption amounts are considered. A large pore volume and a suitable channel size near to the kinetic diameter of a methane molecule are very important for improving the storage capacity of zeolites. Based on this, we conclude that LTA zeolite with a large pore volume and a suitable channel diameter exhibit a most efficient methane storage capacity than MOR and MFI zeolites.


AbstractThe role of previous disaster experience as a motivating factor for protective action during high-risk events is still a matter of considerable discussion and inconsistent findings in the hazards literature. In this paper, two events that occurred in August 2011 in Goderich, Ontario, Canada, are examined: an F3 tornado that impacted the community on 21 August 2011 and a tornado warning that was posted for the region 3 days later on 24 August 2011. This case study provided the opportunity to examine the roles of previous disaster experience and sociodemographics on the decision-making process during two successive potentially tornadic events. The results of this research are based on close-ended questionnaires completed by individuals who experienced both storms or who experienced only the subsequent storm on 24 August 2011 (n = 177). Physical cues were found to be the primary motivator during the 21 August 2011 tornado, while the tornado warning was the primary motivator during the subsequent stor...


Keith Claus, of Massillon, Ohio, displays the wild turkey he killed in Jackson County during the recently completed hunting season. Claus was one of 71 Ohio hunters to bag a turkey this year.


Using the Water Erosion Prediction Project model, this study analyzes soil erosion and deposition values of an agricultural field located in Marcellus, New York that is currently suffering from erosion problems. Sensitivity and calibration analyses are performed on the model using observed data from the 1940s. Appropriate erosion control management practices including no-till crop management, terraces, and grass filter strips are simulated. Recommendations are given comparing the simulated erosion values and a cost-benefit analysis of each better management practice in an attempt to reduce erosion rates and maximize the field's profitability.


The presentation will cover the semiconductor scenario starting from ITRS Road-Map and then entering in more detail on "More-than-Moore" with a peculiar emphasis on piezoelectric material for utilization in MEMS for actuation.


We consider deformations of the differential of a $q$-differential graded algebra. We prove that it is controlled by a generalized Maurer-Cartan equation. We find explicit formulae for the coefficients $c_k$ involved in that equation.


This paper considers a semilinear elliptic equation on a n-dimensional complete noncompact Riemannian manifold,which is a generalization of the well known Yamabe equation.An existence result is proved.


In order to better develop and exploit the new breed of " Ji tianza" salt-alkaline tolerance sorghum varieties,this study extracted sorghum starch in a wet-milled way,and then measured the water holding capacity,transparency,freeze-thaw stability,retrogradation properties,gel strength and other properties of the starch. The results showed that: " Ji tianza" salt-alkaline tolerance sorghum have a better water holding capacity and transparency;freeze-thaw stability is lower;the speed of retrogradation decrease at acidic or alkaline conditions and gel strength is not strong.


Voyager 1 crossed the termination shock of the solar wind in December 2004 at 94 AU and currently measures the cosmic ray intensity in the heliosheath. To better understand this modulation region beyond the shock, where adiabatic energy changes should be small, we review the net effect of energy changes during the modulation process, including adiabatic deceleration in the solar wind, acceleration at the termination shock, and the possibility that stochastic acceleration in the heliosheath may also make a contribution.


IGA is one of the famous landscape exhibitions in the world. The article introduces the landscape styles and characters of some countries and areas taking part in the exhibition. It dissertates on the basic characters of design conception,material selection, disposition of plants, color arrangement and application of all kinds of scientific elements with the theme of "people, water and nature".


An instrument fo r recording optical absorbance of s ingle living cells was demonstrated . The apparatus is based on a grating polychromator and measures absorbance simultaneously at several different wavelengths. It was designed for high-resolution recording while leaving cells accessible to multiple microelectrode impalement. The instrument has been used on nerve cells containing the indicator dye arsenazo III to detect cytosolic calc ium concentration transients. The apparatus will be described here, and some of the considerations influencing the design will be discussed.


The pupa of Aedes (Ochlerotatus) fulvus pallens Ross is described and illustrated for the first time. A table lists the range, mode and mean number of branches of each pupal hair.


Mind, that satellite, falls suddenly into the cold garden of my body. It lodges there. They bask awhile, practice Sanskrit, kiss. Then mind complains to body of how unexciting it has been: no visions, hardly any Northern Lights, much self-deception, no new routes. Body reminds mind that it is December, things slow down, become interior like a river under ice— and mind, at least, has a house: while body bears the snow mind can swivel, look out windows, tell erotic stories to the body. Body snickers. Mind sighs. While mind and body bask again I finish buying vegetables, walk home in the dark


Previous work examining the interactions between people and their physical environment in the U.S. West has tended to neglect the spatial scale between individual sites, such as settlements and regions. This study seeks a solution to this problem by testing the methods of landscape history in three case studies in the State of Colorado. The use of historical maps alongside other manuscript sources reveals that western landscapes provide a fruitful arena for such work. For instance, it is possible to show that there is great variation in human settlement and land use within individual landscapes and between the case study areas. At the same time, is has been possible to chart patterns of change and continuity in the human use and alteration of the landscapes through the construction of settlements, roads, and field systems and to suggest reasons why these features took certain forms. Consequently, there is great potential for similar studies elsewhere in the U.S. West, and such studies are likely to have a significant impact upon on our understanding of the region's history.


According to classical mechanics and de Broglie theory,this paper uses quadruplicate equation theory,and deduces the energy spectrum of conical pendulum.


This paper introduces the novel application of support vector machine for filtering of time-series signal corrupted by Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise. In real world, the case of non-Gaussian noise (e.g. impulse noise, signal dependent noise) is very common. The optimal Wiener filter, which is a linear approach, can yield good results to Gaussian white noise, but performs poorly in case of non-Gaussian noise. Considering the noise filtering problem as a mapping of noisy signal to the corresponding noise free signal, we utilize the support vector regression (SVR) tool to discover the dependency so as to implement the noise filter. Comparing with the Wiener filter, SVR performs better in case of non-Gaussian. In this paper, we generate the original signal by an AR model, and then corrupt them with Gaussian and impulse noise respectively. The performance of mean squared error (MSE) is compared with wiener filter and multiple layer perceptron (MLP)


The initial version of this paper was written for the APU Cambridge conference 'Form and Forming in Music', April 2000. Laws revisited the work in response to an invitation to contribute to the 'On Form/Yet to Come' issue of the Routledge journal, Performance Research. The interdisciplinary approach of this journal and its focus on contemporary performance practices make it an appropriate context for disseminating her work. Subsequently, she was asked to guest edit PR's 'On Beckett' issue (vol. 12.1, March 2007), exploring Beckett's influence on a range of current arts practices (including music and sonic art). 'Aspects of Form…' draws on recent theory and critique from other arts and cultural contexts in order to consider the significance of formal processes, as opposed to surface features of sounding 'style', in particular contemporary musical practices. In doing so, it questions the simplistic and uncritical equating of postmodernism with pastiche, tonality, and by implication conservatism, prevalent in much contemporary musicology.

The paper is representative of a strand of research that spins off from the interdisciplinary theoretical basis of Laws's other projects, which in part consider how different art forms have theorised Modernism and Postmodernism, especially in relation to questions of form and meaning, authority and subjectivity, conception and performance. Here, this background is applied back to the work of certain contemporary composers. At the heart of this lies a consideration of the ways in which labels can either enhance or limit understanding of artists' approaches to their materials. This strand of Laws's research has run alongside other work. However, once her forthcoming Beckett book is completed she will shift the main emphasis of her research into this field, collaborating with two young British composers on writings on (and in relation to) their working practices.


On the theme of personal development, this conceptual article aims to provoke thought about power and influence in leadership by means of a short excursion into character depictions in J.R.R Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings (1966). It is said of mythopoeic literature, the genre of Tolkien's work, that the very simplicity of the lens "pares away distractions," "opens the way to unexpected connections,...[and] draws attention to alternative modes of being and thinking" (Greene, 1994, p. 457). Taking the liberty of perceived applicability of Tolkien's literary genius to motifs on leadership, this article provokes thinking on what constitutes "real" power and influence in leadership. It is contended that demonstrating real power and influence in leadership lies not in coercive tactics of wielding power over others but in withholding usurping power to work with and enable others to achieve worthwhile ends.


The aim of this article is to create a new technique for predicting discontinuity formation, its place and magnitude during aluminium alloy (AA6061) friction stir welding (FSW). The effectiveness of the technique was demonstrated using visual inspection, hardness and tensile test of the friction stir welded joints. The measured current was analysed through power calculations. In each of the FSW stages, the energy consumption is significantly varied, clearly distinguishing the penetration of the tool, its revolution, its traverse movement and its metal removal rate. The findings of tracking the energy consumption indicate that using power consumption means the significance of weld quality. FSW has been carried out based on two factors - two levels. Response surface methodology (RSM) is employed to develop a mathematical model. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique checks the adequacy of the developed mathematical model, which is used effectively at 95% confidence level. In contrast, tensile and hardness tests also showed that welds at high power usage failed continuously within the welding area, due to reduced welding temperature and absence of penetration in the welding zone.


Visually lossless image compression algorithms aim to keep the compression-induced distortions below the threshold of visual detection, most-often by exploiting the fact that contrast sensitivity varies with spatial frequency. However, when an image is coded in a visually lossy manner, there is little evidence to suggest that visual quality is preserved by minimizing the compression-induced distortions. This paper presents a visually lossy wavelet image compression algorithm based on contrast allocations and visual global precedence: subbands are quantized such that the distortions in the reconstructed image exhibit specific root-mean squared contrast ratios, and such that edge structure is preserved across scale-space, with a preference for global spatial scales. A model which relates contrast (of the distortions) in the reconstructed image to mean-squared error in the wavelet subbands is derived and presented; this model provides an efficient means of adjusting contrast in the transform domain via traditional quantization techniques, thus allowing the algorithm to be used in a wide variety of coders.


The Swedish Mapping, Cadastral and Land Registration Authority, Lantmateriet, is interested to see how other developed countries organizes and carry out their real estate property taxation. The study aims to improve the Swedish property tax system by providing Lantmateriet with a comparative picture of the Dutch counterpart.Sweden has a system based on a national authority that has the mandate to carry out real estate valuation for the entire country. The assessed value is decided every sixth year, with a simplified assessment during the third year of the six year period. In the Netherlands, they have a decentralized organization of real estate assessment. The municipalities perform the entire process. They have a central authority, Waarderingskamer, which controls and ensures that the quality of the assessed value have a good and consistent level. The assessed value is decided every year. This study will only handle residential properties.The methods that are used are; a comparative method where the comparison between existing descriptions of each country's real estate property tax system is performed. This will answer one the first questions asked in the in the issue section. The other method that is used is interviews, it will be with qualitative grounds and will answer the second and third question of the issue section.In Sweden, there are two assessment models that is used, one for one-to-two family houses and one for residential apartments. As for The Netherlands, there is one model for all residential properties, although the municipalities are allowed to have different models for their assessments. It can differ from two municipalities in what characteristic that is used; however, there are some mandatory characteristics that they must apply to the model for it to be approved.In Sweden, the assessed value is available to the public, while in the Netherlands, only the owner of the property that can see the assessed value. Sweden has an advantage with this in its system, since transparency is likely an important part of a property tax system and helps to improve confidence. However, The Netherlands will soon go public with their assessed values.


Two experiments were carried out with weaned piglets from 8 to 25 kg live weight in order to determine the dietary amino acid content necessary for maximum growth. Six diets based on wheat, soya-bean meal, soya-bean oil and free amino acids were compared in each experiment. Essential amino acids were in the same relative proportion for all diets: (methionine + cystine)/lysine = 0·60 to 0·65; threonine/lysine = 0·65; tryptophan/lysine = 0·19. The range of amino acid content was 9·53 to 12·52 g lysine per kg in the first experiment and 11·34 to 15·94 g lysine per kg in the second experiment. The number of piglets used per diet was 136 (20 pens) and 106 (16 pens) in respectively the first and the second experiment. The relationship between either dietary lysine content or daily lysine intake and growth rate was quadratic and significant. Dietary lysine content and daily lysine intake which enable maximum growth were calculated according to this model. Dietary lysine contents were 15·5 and 14·9 g/kg for the first 3 weeks (8 to 17 kg) and for the overall post-weaning period (8 to 25 kg) respectively. Daily lysine intakes were 10·6 and 13·3 g/day respectively for the same two periods. Reasons for these values being higher than those currently cited are discussed.


The ANSYS finite element analysis software has been used in various industries in the world.It has the capability of piping stress computation.French FRAMATOM E has developed the program of SYSPIPE which is dedicated to the nuclear piping system stress calculation and analysis.The stress computation of various load conditions under the dead weight,internal pressure,thermal expansion,earthquake are accomplished in nuclear piping of class 2 by the ANSYS and SYSPIPE program.Then according to the RCC-M codes,the stress assess is carried out.The results show that ANSYS can replace SYSPIPE in nuclear piping stress analysis.


Summary of a Project Outcomes report of research funded by a PhD Fellowship Award from IBM, in the area of integrated photonics and quantum optical communications.


IHC was established in order to provide health services, especially in disease prevention, familyplanning services, and can help reduce maternal mortality and infant mortality. Muara Marashealtcenter is one of the health centers located in Seluma. Based on the initial survey in 7 mothers wereinterviewed at random on the role and functions of Posyandu, found 5 people who do not know theprogram of work and program information Posyandu activities in the health service and the type ofhealth care that can be provided by posyandu The purpose of this study was to determine therelationship of mother's mother's knowledge and motivation to visit Posyandu in Muara Marashealth centerDistrict of Semidang Alas Maras Seluma Bengkulu. The results show there are 66%of respondents with low knowledge and obtained p value = 0.004 <0.05 which means that there isa relationship between mother's knowledge and posyandu visits while 54% of respondents withlow motivation and 60% of respondents and low visit rate with p value = 0 , 01 <0.05 which showsthat there is a relationship between maternal motivation and posyandu visits


The theme of the paper is the quotidian debate about the role of theory in analytic practice. Based on examples from recent psychoanalytic publications, I argue that psychoanalytic theory may influence therapists as ideology, heuristics, or empiricism, or combinations thereof. Bion's eschewing of theory, and advocacy of an analytic stance 'beyond memory and desire' as a precondition for psychoanalytic creativity is questioned. Buber's advocacy of I–Thou relatedness is compared with the concept of mentalizing, and related to recent findings in developmental psychopathology. Parallels are drawn between the therapeutic relationship – bringing together theory and spontaneity in a hermeneutic enterprise – and the infant's use of security-promoting care-givers.


The abstract is published online only. If you did not include a short abstract for the online version when you submitted the manuscript, the first paragraph or the first 10 lines of the chapter will be displayed here. If possible, please provide us with an informative abstract. By mapping the trajectories of changing dynamics in land relations in both colonial and postcolonial periods in rural West Bengal, this chapter tries to understand the way the land has been determining the issues of the rural economy in the rural hinterland. Based on field-survey data, this chapter argues, first, that the issues of land are shaped through a complex process of dynamic interaction between class, caste and capital. Second, the way the state and its policies do intervene in this complex process in order to shape the issues of land in rural areas has been complicating the matter further by way of privileging the capital and the landed class belonging to higher castes at the expense of the labouring class belonging to subordinate caste groups. This chapter aims to understand the question of land in rural West Bengal in terms of class and caste. As in the Indian case, Damodaran correctly states, 'economic behaviour is embedded in concrete social relations' (2008: 1), the analysis of land issues in context of caste might yield fruitful results so as to understand the problem more insightfully. As capitalism develops, the scholar observes, 'through a number of business communities rather than an integrated business class' (Ibid.: 2), the issues of land also tend to revolve around more through the dynamics of caste rather than through the dynamics of class. By mapping the trajectories of changing dynamics in land relations in both colonial and postcolonial periods, this chapter explains the way the land has been determining the economy in rural hinterland. Upon examining the field work data gathered in recent period, it reveals, first, that the issues of land are shaped through a complex process of dynamic interaction between class, caste and capital. Second, the way the state and its policies do intervene in this complex process in order to shape the issues of land in rural areas has actually been complicating the matter further by privileging the capital and the landed class belonging to higher castes at expense of the labouring class from subordinate castes. The first section of this chapter explores, on the one hand, the trajectory of transformations in land relations and the role of the upper caste landholding group in shaping the phenomenon of landlessness and, on the other, the implication of policy intervention on the part of the government on all rural classes and groups, particularly on the subordinate land-poor groups. The second section explains the dynamics of ascendancy of the rich peasantry to power in rural West Bengal by means of land ownership and authority over labour, and its politics within the state domain, and beyond, in shaping the condition of labour in the province. The third section examines the way the subordinate labouring class in rural West Bengal do cope with the predicament of their landlessness, and subsequently construct their politics in order to shape, on the one hand, the dynamic consequences of landlessness and on the other, the state policies aiming at generating employment. This chapter concludes that owing to the determinant role of capital whatsoever in agriculture the state of rural economy of India, particularly of West Bengal, has deteriorated leading to transform the class configuration and the rural economy further by means of marketization of farming and other livelihoods. 1✉


X-ray satellite data for $K{L}_{2,3}^{n}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{L}_{2,3}^{n}V$ and $K{L}_{2,3}^{n}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{L}_{2,3}^{n+1}$ ($n=0,1,2$) transitions in Na, Mg, and A1 metals are used to obtain one-, two-, and three-core-hole metallic binding energies. From the corresponding energies in the free atoms, experimental solid-state shifts are derived. These are compared with theory and the complete screening model is shown to fully account for the shifts.


The sex ratio of an ethnically homogeneous African population residing in the Katsina province in Nigeria was investigated. Because the vital statistics in many African nations are few and sporadic demographers tend to apply a sex ratio of 1.04 which is based on data from American black populations to African countries. Recent surveys have indicated that to assume a standard sex ratio for all populations of African origin may be unwarranted. The data for this investigation are based on a reliable system of birth and death registration that has been operating for 25 years. The data are collected at the village level by a religious authority responsible for naming ceremonies for infants surviving the 1st week of life. Data from 1961 to 1980 were examined. In 20 years the sex ratio for 1113313 live births ranged from 1.05 to 1.11 with a mean of 1.07. The sex ratio for each month varied around the same average; statistical analysis uncovered no seasonal variations. Data from the Maternity Hospitals records for the period 1976-1980 showed a sex ratio of 1.2 based on 5780 live births. Examination of maternal age and parity did not reveal consistent trends. The results are consistent with other reports based on hospital deliveries from other parts of Africa including: a sex ratio of 1.06 for births in Lagos City 1.05 in Igbo-ora 1.06 in Ibadan 1.12-1.14 in Uganda and 1.12 in Cameroon. Several factors have been suggested to explain the generally low sex ratio in black populations including: genetic influences low socioeconomic status the higher incidence of twinning associated with increased maternal gonadotropin levels and lower coital frequency. The present study is unable to identify the factors responsible for the higher sex ratio of Hausa births compared to American blacks.


An inexpensive, air-stable, isolable nickel catalyst is reported that can perform chemoselective C3-alkylation of indoles with a variety of alcohols following "borrowing hydrogen". A one-pot, cascade C3-alkylation starting from 2-aminophenyl ethyl alcohols, and thus obviating the need for pre-synthesized indoles, further adds to the broad scope of this method. The reaction is radical-mediated, and is significantly different from other examples, often dictated by metal-ligand bifunctionality.


The patent ductus arteriosus is one of the most frequent cardiac pathologies in
canines; it consists on the continuation of the existing canal in fetal life that
communicates the pulmonary artery with the aorta in order to oxygenate the
organism of the fetus. Its treatment consists of permanently closing the ductus
arteriosus, by a surgical procedure. This article reports the case of a 3 month old
German Sheperd female canine, which had as an only sign a heart murmur 5/6
evident at auscultation. The final diagnosis was made by echocardiography which
revealed a patent ductus arteriosus. An analysis of clinical signs, pathophysiology,
diagnostic plans, therapeutics and prognosis of the disease will be carried out.


The   work   aimed   at   solving   the   problem   of   conversion   of   existing   diesel   power   drives   of   oil   and   gas   technological   transport   into   gaseous   fuels,   which   are   a   cheaper   alternative   to   diesel   fuel.   A   method   has   been   proposed   to   increase   the   energy   efficiency   of   alternative   fuels.   The   thermochemical   essence   of   increasing   the   energy   of   the   source   fuel   has   been   developed.   The   choice   of   alternative   alcohol   fuel   as   a   starting   product   for   the   conversion   process,   taking   into   account   its   cost   and   energy   value.   The   calculations   showed   that   the   thermal   effect   from   the   combustion   of   converted   CO   and   H2   exceeds   the   effect   from   the   combustion   of   the   same   amount   of   liquid   methanol.   Compared to other alternative fuels, the cost of methyl alcohol is low, in addition, when using methanol as a fuel for diesel engines, you can significantly reduce emissions of soot particles and nitrogen oxides. This is due to the fact that the combustion of methanol in the diesel cylinder does not form intermediates that promote the formation of acetylene and aromatic hydrocarbons, which lead to the formation of soot. Methanol is a renewable natural resource, ie there is a large raw material base to increase its production and much wider use as an energy source. Using of this alcohol as an alternative biofuel for vehicles is possible as a result of its production in affordable and cheap ways from agricultural and food waste, from gaseous fuel.  Fuel   energy   and   engine   power   were   increased   by   regenerating   the   heat   of   the   exhaust   gases.   Experimental   studies   of   power   and   economic   performance   of   a   diesel   engine,   which   was   converted   to   work   on   the   products   of   methanol   conversion.   Experimental   studies   have   shown   that   the   conversion   of   diesel   engines   to   work   using   methanol   conversion   products   is   justified.   Given   that   the   price   of   methanol   is,   on   average,   10-20%   of   the   cost   of   diesel   fuel,   the   conversion   of   diesel   engines   to   work   using   methanol   conversion   products   is   quite   profitable.


Objective To investigate the pharmacological effects of Bimin Tablets (BMT)
on substance P (SP) in the plasma of guinea pigs with experimentally induced allergic rhinitis
(AR). Methods 60 guinea pigs were prepared as AR models at first and another 10 animals
were taken as blank controls (BCG). Then, the modeling animals were randomly divided into 5
groups, i. e. model controlling group (MCG ), positive controlling group (PCG) treated with
astemizole and 3 treating groups(TGs) with different dosages of BMT. The contents of SP were
determined and compared among all the groups by the end of experiment. Results The SP level
was significantly higher in MCG than that in BCG (P0.05). In contrast, the contents of SP in
TGs with higher and moderate dosages of BMT were significantly lower than that in BCG (PM
0.01). However, the contents of SP in PCG and TG with lower dosage of BMT were remained at
the levels similar to that of MCG (P0. 05). Conclusion BMT is effective for the treatment of
AR via this mechanism to decrease the content of SP in plasma.


Abstract This article proposes an imputation procedure that uses the factors estimated from a tall block along with the re-rotated loadings estimated from a wide block to impute missing values in a panel of data. Assuming that a strong factor structure holds for the full panel of data and its sub-blocks, it is shown that the common component can be consistently estimated at four different rates of convergence without requiring regularization or iteration. An asymptotic analysis of the estimation error is obtained. An application of our analysis is estimation of counterfactuals when potential outcomes have a factor structure. We study the estimation of average and individual treatment effects on the treated and establish a normal distribution theory that can be useful for hypothesis testing.


We present an iteration for the computation of simple eigenvalues using a pseudospectrum approach. The most appealing characteristic of the proposed iteration is that it reduces the computation of a single eigenvalue to a small number of eigenvalue computations on Hermitian matrices. We show that this number is directly associated with the matrix pseudospectrum. We present numerical results and we discuss advantages and drawbacks of the method. We also discuss its relationship with an iteration that was proposed independently in [Stewart, O' Leary, ETNA, Vol 8, 1998].


Safety, cost, ride quality, and performance are characteristics of pavement systems that are considered high-priority customer demands by transportation agencies throughout the world. Ride quality is the characteristic most notable to the traveling public. Throughout the United States, numerous state and federal agencies have developed specifications that require that road contractors meet a minimum level of ride quality before a pavement is approved for payment. Studies have shown that initial (as constructed) ride quality is an important factor in determining overall serviceability and length of time to rehabilitation or reconstruction. A case study in Cowley County, Kansas, in which the ride quality of an existing jointed, plain concrete pavement was significantly improved by the placement of a thin, polymer-modified, asphaltemulsion microsurfacing system, is described. The existing pavement conditions, the construction techniques used by the contractor, and the smoothness measurements before and after construction are noted and discussed. It was found that a marked reduction in roughness can be accomplished with unique construction techniques and microsurfacing.


This memo proposes extensions to the Happy Eyeball's algorithm
requirements defined in RFC6555 for use with the multiple provisioning
domain architecture. The Happy Eyeballs in MIF would make the
selection process smoother by using connectivity tests over pre-
filtered interfaces according to defined policy. This would choose the
best interface with an automatic fallback mechanism.


Maintaining an appropriate balance of carbon to nitrogen metabolism is essential for rice growth and yield. Glutamine synthetase is a key enzyme for ammonium assimilation. In this study, we systematically analyzed the growth phenotype, carbon-nitrogen metabolic status and gene expression profiles in GS1;1-, GS1;2-overexpressing rice and wildtype plants. Our results revealed that the GS1;1-, GS1;2-overexpressing plants exhibited a poor plant growth phenotype and yield and decreased carbon/nitrogen ratio in the stem caused by the accumulation of nitrogen in the stem. In addition, the leaf SPAD value and photosynthetic parameters, soluble proteins and carbohydrates varied greatly in the GS1;1-, GS1;2-overexpressing plants. Furthermore, metabolite profile and gene expression analysis demonstrated significant changes in individual sugars, organic acids and free amino acids, and gene expression patterns in GS1;1-, GS1;2-overexpressing plants, which also indicated the distinct roles that these two GS1 genes played in rice nitrogen metabolism, particularly when sufficient nitrogen was applied in the environment. Thus, the unbalanced carbon-nitrogen metabolic status and poor ability of nitrogen transportation from stem to leaf in GS1;1-, GS1;2-overexpressing plants may explain the poor growth and yield.


Might I add a small contribution to the Historical Milestones report by Goh and Phua of Birds and B,: The Story of Beriberi, 1988;2:76-81, dealing in particular with its Asia-Pacific connection. There are numerous reports concerning beriberi in the Annual Reports of German New Guinea, edited and translated by P. Sack and D. Clark (Canberra: ANU Press, 1979) from the 1899 to 1890 report onwards. There were notifications of the disease in the crew of boats and in indentured labourers from Malaya and China. While it was also reported in labourcrs from clsewhcre in the country, it did not occur in those who livcd nearby. The disease was listed among other infectious diseases, and through "isolation" and "energetic (though unspecified) measurcs the spread of this dangerous tropical disease was prevented." (1900-01). Its pattern of appcarance was variable. Sporadic, localised, repeated outbreaks, which reached menacing proportions were all recordcd. WhiIe its actiology was believed to be infectious, effective prcventive and curative measures through dietary mcans were also rccognised. The German plantation managers rccognised that local village labourers, with greater access to fresh fruit and vegetables, kcpt in bcttcr health than indenturcd labourers importcd from further afield and whosc staple was polished rice and tinned meat. "Numerous cases were treatcd among the coloured troopers and labourers ... all of whom had acquired the disease during the German-Dutch border cxpcdition ... whcre the complctc absence of vcgctables and fresh mcat meant that they were restricted for months to an cxclusive diet of rice and tinned meat." (1910-11). It's severity was markedly reduced when patients were served a diet consisting almost exclusively of yams, taro, fish and coconuts, and only a little rice. When the vegetables ran out and the patients were reduced to a diet almost exclusively of rice, their recovery was also brought to a halt." (1909-10). A specific remedy was found in the kutjung idjo or mango bean, Phasoelus radiatus, which whcn added to the diet has proved an effective remedy" to beriberi. (1910-1 1).


The physico-mathematical model was established to analysis the transport phenomena during the methane steam reforming in the porous anode aside of the integrated planar solid oxide fuel cell(IP-SOFC).The kinetics study was conducted with numerical simulation to explore the influences of corresponding factors on the progress of reforming reaction and the distributing of the production, H_2,includes that of operating temperature,ratio of H_2O and CH_4,and porosity of the supporting material.The operating and configuration conditions which benefit to the reforming reaction were also discussed.


This article presents a qualitative analysis from interviews with six local employees of a Japanese company in Brazil. The aim was the description of conflicts caused by differences between employees' perception about Japanese national and cultural identity, gender roles and age. The fieldwork was conducted on a Japanese car manufacturer with worldwide presence and almost 60 years of production experience in Brazil. One of the greatest priorities of modern humanity is labor and the environment of large companies is a laboratory where social issues are reflected very intensively. When people are confined together in small spaces for long periods of time, hidden discriminations are revealed. Clarification of where each person stands on complex issues is socially demanded. Actors of different ages, social classes, nationalities and genders influence these scenarios and are influenced by them. The individuals create ties with antagonistic social groups at the same time they try to manipulate the perception of the oppositions to work on their favor. This article provides insight on possible sources of conflict in multicultural workplaces through the open presentation of employees' thoughts on a variety of contexts.


In Editor.— I think that the basic difference between Dr Shapiro and me lies with his sentence beginning "Those concerned about costs." An immediate example that comes to mind is the body scanner, whose use for Medicare and Medicaid patients in Illinois was proscribed for many months simply because it was a new technique for which statistical data were not yet available. In recent months, we have been informed of new third-party regulations that have to be followed to get this test done for such patients. Those concerned about costs in Illinois did not recognize its value. I would assume on the basis of this experience that a similar shakedown period will be needed for superselective angiography, so the matter is not really either-or but one of delays, some of which are unconscionable. What I was actually implying in my editorial was that new procedures that are properly instituted and


The effects of effective alkali charge, effective alkali charge of IMC to MFC ratio, and sulfidity on DDS cooking of Masson Pine for dissolving pulp by prehydrolysis kraft pulping were studied. After cooking, the pulp was bleached by the method of elemental chlorine free. The result showed that the Kappa number, degree of polymerization, yield of the unbleached pulp decreased when the effective alkali charge range from 28% to 34%; when the effective alkali charge of IMC to MFC ratio increased from 25 : 75 to 55 : 45, the Kappa number, degree of polymerization, yield of the unbleached pulp increased; when increased sulfidity in a certain range, the Kappa number, yield of the unbleached pulp decreased, but the degree of polymerization increased. The result also showed that the optimal condition of DDS cooking of Masson Pine for dissolving pulp by prehydrolysis kraft pulping are: the other cooking condition is in constant, effective alkali charge is 32%, effective alkali charge of IMC to MFC ratio is 45 : 55, sulfidity is 25%.The unbleached pulp, which Kappa number is about 13, degree of polymerization is about 660, yield is about 32%~33%, from this DDS cooking will be good for producing viscose.


Bynner & Romney (1972) have proposed a solution to the problem of concept–scale interaction in semantic differential research. Several alternative solutions are offered in the present note. Choice among these awaits a clearer statement of the problem.


Breast cancer is an important health problem. The frequency of breast carcinoma in developed countries was the highest by a ratio of 5: 3 compared with breast carcinoma in developing countries. In Indonesia, breast self examination become the trending topic but still canot take public attention so that the behaviour of breast self examination only be done by small number of people. The study investigated the correlation between knowledge on breast cancer and the behaviour of breast self examination of adolescent's. This was an analytic study with a cross-sectional research design. The location was selected in Blitar. The sampling was done by proportional sampling technique. The sample was 52 students. The instrument used analyzed chi-square test. The result showed that from the 52 respondents, 1.9% of respondents had good knowledge and good behavior on breast self-examination, 3.85% of the respondents had good knowledge and enough behaviour on breast self-examination, 25% of respondents had good knowledge and less behaviour on breast self-examination, 3.85% of respondents good knowledge and not good behaviour on breast self-examination. Through the data analysis obtained X2> X2 table, this means that there was a significant correlation between the knowledge of young women about breast cancer and breast self-examination behavior. Knowledge of young women is influenced by internal and external factors that can cause changes in a person's behavior.


This work examines the relationship of the process of creative human endeavours and of the creators themselves to their surroundings. It also attempts to show how political, economic and intellectual pressures intensify and affect developments in many sectors of the arts.


The nature of the citizenship of Ancient Rome and Greece lies in the citizens' political responsibilities and obligations to the country.In modern time,the citizenship is based on the personal rights.Before modern times the enjoyment of citizenship is not complete,in particular,unequal.Modern citizenship pursues the consistency and universal equality of rights and obligations.For 2000 years,especially the recent hundreds of years,the struggle and practice of the pursuit of the equality of citizenship have promoted the liberation of human being and the process of social civilization.


The effect of the contribution of zero frequency (stationary) energetic trapped particles on magnetohydrodynamic modes and the resonant excitation of these particles is studied on the basis of the dispersion relation which is applicable to both the internal kink mode and the ballooning mode in tokamaks. The stability window is found to be significantly enlarged by the steady contribution of energetic trapped particles.


. We study the geometry of abstract radial functional Hilbert spaces stable with respect to dividing and possessing an unconditional basis of reproducing kernels. We obtain a simple necessary condition ensuring the existence of such bases in terms of the sequence ‖ 𝑧 𝑛 ‖ , 𝑛 ∈ N ∪ { 0 } . We also obtain a sufficient condition for the norm and the Bergman function of the space to be recovered by a sequence of the norms of monomials. Two main statements we prove are as follows. Let 𝐻 be a radial functional Hilbert space of entire functions stable with respect to dividing and let the system of monomials { 𝑧 𝑛 } , 𝑛 ∈ N ∪{ 0 } , be complete in this space.


type="main"> Mobile phones are spreading rapidly in developing countries, but research conceptualisations have been lagging behind practice, particularly those that link mobile phones to livelihoods. This article seeks to fill this gap in two ways. First, by means of a literature review which analyses how they impact upon assets – through facilitating asset substitution, enhancement, combination, exchange and forms of disembodiment. On this basis key roles for mobile phones are defined within livelihood strategies. Secondly, the analysis demonstrates the shortcomings of the livelihoods framework for understanding technological innovation; its agriculture-oriented understanding of assets; its silence on the developmental role of information and on user appropriation of technology; and its narrow categorisation of impact. Ways of addressing these shortcomings are suggested, pointing towards areas of future research and application.


The position of the nucleolus organizing region (NOR) in Blattella asahinai differs from that in its close relative, Blattella germanica. The number and position of NORs in hybrid males from reciprocal crosses indicate that the NOR carried by the X chromosome of B. germanica corresponds to a small, paired, terminal segment on the longest chromosome (No. 12) in B. asahinai. The segment is not present in B. germanica; hybrids are heterozygous for the segment. Except for these differences and a relatively smaller size of the B. asahinai X chromosome, gross chromosome morphology is essentially identical in the two species and their hybrids. The size of the X and position of the NORs in hybrid males were as expected according to the direction of the cross. The observations are clearly indicative of a nonreciprocal translocation involving the NOR on the X chromosome of B. germanica and those on an autosome of B. asahinai. The shift involved genes fundamental to protein synthesis, i.e., rDNA (identified by assoc...


"Dispirited: How Contemporary Spirituality Makes Us Stupid, Selfish and Unhappy." David Webster. Zero Books. June 2012. ---
David Webster's book seeks to identify the toxic impact of spiritual discourses on our lives. Spirituality makes us confused, apolitical and miserable – whether that spirituality is from conventional religious roots, from a new-age buffet of beliefs, or from some re-imagined ancient system of belief, argues Webster. Miranda Nell finds that this is an accessible and provocative read, but is not entirely convinced by the author's conclusions.


DLC films were prepared on silicon by pulse-arc plasma deposition. The relationship between hardness of the deposited films and deposition parameters were analysed in detail. Wear resistance and chemical inertness of the deposited films are also studied.


The invention relates to an inductive ventilating system of a henhouse. The inductive ventilating system comprises air inlets and exhaust fans, wherein the air inlets and the exhaust fans are arranged in the henhouse; the air inlets and the exhaust fans are respectively arranged in and on two gable walls of the henhouse; multiple inductive draught fans are arranged at the top part of the henhouse; multiple divergent efflux nozzles are formed in air outlets of the inductive draught fans; airflow disturbance is formed at the positions of the efflux nozzles of the inductive draught fans in order to carry out relay transmission of air flowing in the henhouse, so that fresh air entering the henhouse from the air inlets can be induced and pushed to flow in an organized way according to a preset flow path and can be discharged out of the henhouse when the fresh air flows to the exhaust fans, the air can flow completely without a dead angle, the environment quality of the henhouse is ensured, and the inductive ventilating system is beneficial for growing chickens and increasing the yield.


Hexaribonucleotides containing inosine at a pairing position adjacent to the other four major nucleosides (GGINCC, N=A, C, G, U) were synthesized in solution by the phosphotriester method using 2'-O-tetrahydrofuranyl protecting groups. 5'-O-Dimethoxytrityl-2'-O-tetrahydropyranylinosine 3'-O-(metyl-N, N-diisopropyl)phosphor-amidite was used for solid-phase syntheses of decaribonucleotides (CGNGAUCICG, N=A, C, G, U). Thermal stabilities and circular dichroism spectra for these self-complementary duplexes were measured. The stabilizing effects of wobble base pairs in these duplexes were estimated as IC>IA>IU>IG.


Patients with HIV related thrombocytopenia (HIV-ITP) have a unique Ab against GPIIIa49-66 (Ab) which induces complement-independent, Fc-independent, peroxide-induced lysis of platelets (Cell, 106:551, 2001). This Ab correlates inversely with platelet count and induces oxidative-fragmentation of human and mouse platelets, and thrombocytopenia in mice. Oxidation is induced by H 2 O 2 generated from platelet NADPH oxidase activated with the platelet 12-LO product, 12(S)-HETE (JCI 113: 973, 2004). The substrate for 12-LO is arachidonic acid (AA), produced by PLA 2 . Similar oxidative fragmentation is also induced by the Ca ++ ionophore A23187 as well as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (Blood 102:126A, 2003). Most patients with classic autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP) as well as HIV-ITP respond dramatically to treatment with steroids. The effect of Dex in AITP requires opsonized platelets interacting with Fc macrophage receptors, while Ab-induced oxidative fragmentation of platelets does not. We therefore investigated possible mechanisms of Dex inhibition of oxidative platelet fragmentation in gel-filtered human platelets (measured by flow cytometry and DCFH oxidation) induced by Ab, A23187 or PMA over 4 hr at 37 C. Dex inhibited both oxidation and platelet fragmentation ( IC 50 0.8uM, range 3.2uM to 0.2uM), n=5. Regardless of the stimulus, 12(S)-HETE production was completely inhibited during the first 60 min of Dex incubation with 2–3 fold inhibition at 60–240 minutes. Similar Dex inhibition was noted when exogenous AA was added confirming a reduction of 12-LO activity, n=4, p 2 activity (measured by the release of 3 H-AA from labeled membrane of intact platelets), as effectively as the the PLA 2 inhibitor, bromophenacyl bromide (85 ± 2% vs 84 ± 1%, n=3, p 2 and 12-LO. Regardless of stimulant, Dex inhibited translocations of all 3 proteins, p67phox, PLA 2 and 12-LO by 50–80%. Indeed agonist-induced membrane loading of PLA 2 , 12-LO and p67phox was actually reversed with Dex, i.e. ~50% translocated to cytosol compared to buffer, after an additional 4hr of incubation. Since Dex inhibits phagocytosis by macrophages, we reasoned that the inhibitory effect of Dex on macrophage oxidative damage or killing of bacteria could also be related to its inhibition of cytosol to membrane translocation. Such proved to be the case for PMA-induced granulocyte cytosol membrane translocation of p67phox and PLA 2 , n=3. Thus Ca ++ ionophore, PMA and Ab-induced platelet oxidative fragmentation are inhibited by therapeutic Dex concentrations. Inhibition results in severely impaired PLA 2 and 12-LO activity as well as inhibition of translocation of these components and p67phox from cytosol to membrane, thus disrupting NADPH oxidase activity (confirmed by inhibition of Rac-2 activation, as measured by Rac-2 binding to PAK-1). This occurs in the presence of steroid receptor blockade, suggesting a direct effect of Dex on the membrane.


Ocular Loiasis although not frequently encountered, is reported from various parts of India. We report one such case of subconjunctival loa loa worm in a patient, who had no history of international travel or immigration. A 62 year old male patient presented with complaints of pain, redness, irritation and watering in the left eye since one day. On examination of the left eye, there was conjunctival congestion and a white thread like mobile worm was noticed in the subconjunctival space nasally. Under aseptic precautions and topical anaesthesia, a single white 5 cm long worm was removed alive and sent for histopathological examination, which reported it as an adult female loa loa worm.


Cloud computing is increasingly been used in enterprises and business markets for serving demanding jobs. The performance of resource scheduling in cloud computing is important due to the increase in number of users, services and type of services. Resource scheduling is influenced by many factors such as CPU speed, memory, bandwidth etc. Therefore resource scheduling can be modeled as a multi criteria decision making problem. This study proposes an efficient QoS based resource scheduling algorithm using potentially all pair-wise rankings of all possible alternatives (PAPRIKA). The tasks are arranged based on the QoS parameters and the resources are allocated to the appropriate tasks based on PAPRIKA method and user satisfaction. The scheduling algorithm was simulated with cloudsim tool package. The experiment shows that, the algorithm reduces task completion time and improves resource utility rate.


Abstract This article explores the role of textiles in the home in the later eighteenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries. The methodology adopted is a response to the difficulties of researching homes in this period when probate inventories had largely ceased to be made. Instead of using quantitative analysis, this essay focuses on three case studies of homes where detailed lists allow speculation on the uses of furnishing textiles in these homes. Three themes are identified: conspicuous consumption, domestic ideology and the possible meanings of stored textiles. These themes are explored using recent cultural theories to provide a framework for analysis.


Abstract Teacher education introduces preservice teachers (PSTs) to their roles and responsibilities in classroom and school communities. As part of this process, PSTs identify themselves as potential agents of change during their practicum experiences. However, when PSTs participate in school communities outside the classroom, their actions suggest that they are uncomfortable in the role of responsible adult. This may be due to a lack of clarity of their simultaneous identity as student and adult role model. In addition, some negative aspects of the school experience may be rendered invisible to the PSTs. Teacher education must actively integrate tools to help PSTs recognize, articulate, and take action in their adult roles outside the classroom.


Instagram Stories is a tool that lets users post media material (images, photos, and videos) that vanishes after twenty-four hours but which can be saved to your account. Story`s analytics is shown only to the page owner: 1) interactions (replies, profile visits, and sticker taps) and 2) discovery (amount of accounts reached with this story). Example of analytics from last DTJournal`s story dedicated to a new Section is showed in Figure.
Breathtaking growth history of Instagram: 1 million users within 2 months of being open (October 2010), 10 million users in one year, 100 million in 2013, and 1 billion users in 2018.3 With that overwhelming growth tendency (5% Instagram growth per quarter, 3.14% Facebook growth, and 2.13% Snapchat growth),3 we can predict that after next 8 years the total amount of its active users will reach 2 billion. Some journals use the advantages of Instagram and received a huge help in journal`s growth and attraction of new readers and authors. Among those publications are PRS Global Open (Instagram: @prsglobalopen has 2,433 followers), PRS (Instagram: @prsjournal – 12.3K followers), The New England Journal of Medicine (Instagram: @nejm – 184K followers), etc. Some updates to the Instagram Stories have recently been added, such as the ability to ask questions to the public, thereby increasing interaction with the journal's audience.
And the main question that every editor and publisher of newly launched or other existing journal should ask themselves is: "With more than 1 billion monthly active users (or potential customers), is our peer-reviewed journal on Instagram yet?"


Humans seek information continuously. In order to make information access easier, question answering (henceforth mentioned as QA) systems are developed with which user can interact in natural language and obtain relevant response. From using primitive methodologies to making the system intelligent and self-sufficient, many significant research advancements have been made in this domain since the 1960s. In this paper, we present a survey that aims to summarize the developmental trends in implementation of QA systems over the years. The paper mentions research classified under the identified important characteristics of any QA system. Consequently, an attempt is made to get a concise picture of the most current state of research in this domain. Following the review of this research, we have identified some areas having scope for future development like conversational QA systems, enhancing cognitive abilities of QA systems, etc.


In the construction of the commonweal geologic work system in Northeast China,three levels of macro objectives and demands of economic and social development should be considered,which are those in Northeast Asia,Northeast China and the key areas in NE China.The structure of the work system includes four subjects,i.e.the basic geological survey data updating system,the investigation and assessment of strategic mineral resources,the investigation and assessment of hydrogeology and environmental geology and the social service of commonweal geologic work.


Can wemake judgements today about the Mechanism of Power and the technology of the most important decision-making without recognizing that favorable conditions for corruption not only have not vanished but have increased many fold? Hundreds of billions of rubles and billions of dollars are circulating now in the criminal world in the states of the former USSR. Furthermore, it is known that half of all profits made in the criminal sphere are spent bribing officials at all levels, including those of law enforcement agencies. On whom, then, do political decisions depend in the final analysis? How are they determining our future. Lev Timofeyev (1992: 9).


Acute lateral patellar dislocation is relatively common in younger age group and most likely caused by indirect trauma which is a medical emergency. Lateral dislocation accounts for the vast majority of patellar dislocations and make up for approximately 3% of all knee injuries. We report a case of irreducible lateral patellar dislocation which was reduced using a towel clip under spinal anaesthesia. This case is reported for its rarity and reduction technique.


In this paper we introduce k-run overpartitions as natural analogs to partitions without k-sequences, which were first defined and studied by Holroyd, Liggett, and Romik. Following their work as well as that of Andrews, we prove a number of results for k-run overpartitions, beginning with a double summation q-hypergeometric series representation for the generating functions. In the special case of 1-run overpartitions we further relate the generating function to one of Ramanujan's mock theta functions. Finally, we describe the relationship between k-run overpartitions and certain sequences of random events, and use probabilistic estimates in order to determine the asymptotic growth behavior of the number of k-run overpartitions of size n.


This paper argues that now, more than at any other time, the way that China‐US relations evolve will shape each country's interests and affect the development of global politics. Thus, at this critical point, it is important that the two countries develop a mutually beneficial relationship. In this respect Chinese views of US intentions matter because these views translate into policies; policies that influence US domestic politics and shape relations between the two countries. It is ironic, then, that while Chinese understanding of US domestic politics has never been better and its response to it has never been more sophisticated, the criticisms of China in the US have never been stronger than at any time since rapprochement in the early 1970s. And, pointing specifically to the debate in the US since 1994 over the Clinton Administration's engagement policy, Jia analyzes this as a key source of current Chinese frustrations.


Investigation on the process of production of biodiesel fuel with soybean oil catalyzed by lipase was done in a batch and fixed-bed bioreactor.The optimal reaction condition was obtained in the batch reaction,and the three-step transesterification of beanoil with methanol was conducted in a columns packed with immobilized Candida sp.99-125 lipase.In the process of transesterification, fractional feeding of methanol was conducted to keep the molar ratio of methanol and plantoil as 1∶1, led to the conversion of oil at each step staying above 30% and the total conversion of oil striked 93%.The whole operation was operated continuously .The final conversion of the FAME from waste oil under the optimal condition could reach 92%.The life of the immobilized lipase was more than 20 days.


A puffed pork sink food with unique taste is prepared from pork skin through washing, pretreating flavouring, salting, drying and microwave puffing.


The presentations in this symposium make it clear that institutional barriers to women in the workplace exist and that they are important. These barriers make it more difficult for women to enter the workplace and more difficult for women to thrive there. One of the interesting aspects illustrated by the tax materials is the relative invisibility of many barriers to women in the workplace. The tax system is seen by many as simply part of the "background conditions" taken as natural and neutral rather than recognized as a chosen government policy that affect the seemingly individual choices made by women and by families about who shall work at paid employment when and for how long. These decisions are deeply influenced by governmental policies. Tax laws encourage single-wage families and discourage double-wage families. Women who are married to a man earning a regular salary, for example, are discouraged by the tax laws from getting a job unless they can earn a salary that at least approaches the salary of their husband, which of course many women cannot. The importance of governmental policies is also illustrated by the presentations on poverty. One paper argues that if we are serious about family poverty and the healthy development of our nation's children "we should stop focusing on the largely sym-


Background: There has been an increase in the number of elderly patients undergoing surgery. This particular patient population have unique age related comorbidities that lead to an increase in postoperative complications involving the neurological, pulmonary, cardiac and endocrine systems. Despite advances in anesthesia and analgesia, mono-therapy with opioids continues to be the mainstay for treatment of post-op pain, which often times leads to inadequate pain control, or gastrointestinal and respiratory compromise. Regional anesthesia and multimodal analgesic regimens are promising alternatives to reduce high doses and dependence of opioids and the adverse effects that accompany.Methods: The authors searched the following databases for relevant published trials: the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PubMed.Textbooks and meeting supplements were also utilized. The authors assessed trial quality and extracted data.Conclusions: Incorporating perioperative regional techniques and multimodal drug therapy can be a very effective approach to perioperative pain management in the elderly and cognitively impaired. Regional anesthesia can often reduce postoperative neurological, pulmonary, cardiac and endocrine complications.It has not been completely proven to improve long-term morbidity, but does improve immediate post-operative pain control.Multimodal drug therapy utilizes a variety of analgesic medications (non-opioids) in order to minimize dosages and adverse effects from opioids while maximizing analgesic effect and benefit. encompasses all organ systems.Due to diminished physiologic reserve and cumulative effect of comorbid conditions, any stressor can interfere with physiologic homeostasis and lead to potential deleterious adverse effects.With an increase in number of elderly patients undergoing surgical intervention(s), it is important to determine the optimal perioperative therapies to maximize recovery while minimizing adverse effects for older surgical patients.One important contribution to development of perioperative complications is improper/inadequate postoperative pain therapy.Inadequate post-surgical pain management can be associated with poor interventional outcomes, decreased perioperative pain anesthesia/analgesia experience, patient and family member, dissatisfaction associated with their surgical encounter, and potential higher rates of medical complications.


Background Smoking cessation can lead to changes in appetite and weight gain in some patients; thus, smoking cessation may alter gastrointestinal motility. Effects of smoking cessation on gastric emptying in smokers have not been established. Aim This study sought to determine how smoking cessation affects gastric emptying in smokers. Methods Participant group comprised 53 habitual smokers and 12 healthy nonsmokers. Habitual smokers were treated for 2 months with transdermal nicotine patches. Gastric emptying was studied using 13C acetate breath tests at the beginning of the study, and at 1 week and 9 weeks after cessation of patch use. Maximal 13CO2 excretion time (Tmax), 13CO2 excretion half-life (T1/2), and parameters β and κ, representing initial and subsequent gastric-emptying phases, respectively, were determined using conventional formulae. Results Before smoking cessation, Tmax was reached significantly later in smokers (0.94±0.3 h, P=0.014) than in controls (0.89±0.1 h). At 1 week after the end of treatment, Tmax was significantly decreased (from 1.05±0.32 h to 0.72±0.64 h, P=0.003). T1/2 also tended to decrease, but not significantly. Although β was decreased significantly (from 2.46±0.40 to 2.17±0.58, P=0.022), κ was unchanged. However, by 9 weeks after the end of treatment, Tmax (1.28±0.69 h) had increased to levels seen before treatment. Conclusions Smoking cessation temporarily accelerates gastric emptying, and decreases in β suggest that initial-phase gastric emptying accelerates after smoking cessation. The temporary acceleration of gastric emptying after smoking cessation may be involved in the temporary increase in appetite and weight gain seen after smoking cessation.


St Patrick Street. Authorities seized copies of three magazines published on the premises – Broadway Brevities, the Canadian Tattler, and Garter Girls. These titles quickly evoke the worlds of scandal and entertainment; their constitutive words have served to name silent films, eighteenth-century society magazines, and late twentieth-century supermarket tabloids. 'Broadway Brevities,' the title that concerns us here, had been the name of a Broadway musical revue in 1920, then of a series of short films produced by Warner Brothers in the 1930s. Most notoriously, however, Broadway Brevities was the title of a New York–based gossip magazine, published from 1916 to 1925 and, in a later revival, from 1930 through 1933. Its editor throughout most of these years was Stephen G. Clow, the man whom Toronto police arrested in 1937. Near the end of his career (and of his life), Clow had moved to Toronto to participate in one more launch of a title that had brought him short-lived fame and a more long-lasting disgrace. On its own, the Toronto Broadway Brevities is a minor example of periodical print culture. Like its US predecessor, the Canadian title survived several changes of style, purpose, and frequency of publication, in the


but he got great relief from 6 months in a plaster jacket. As soon as this was taken off his pains came back. Eventually a skilled orthopaedist decided to deal with the cause, and about 9 months ago he did a laminectomy and removed a prolapsed disk. Since then the patient has had no pain and has gone back to work. 2. Farm labourer, aged about 40. In October, 1942, he developed slight loss of power in both legs, a symptom which increased rapidly. There was weakness of the left hip and knee, loss of left lower abdominal reflexes, and flexor plantars. W.R. and Kahn were negative. He was then discharged and sent home no better. In April, 1943, I sent him to London, where he was thoroughly tested in two famous neurological centres. " Pressure paraplegia, due to either an intramedullary or extramedullary tumour " was the verdict. In favour of the former was the Brown-Sdquard syndrome of the stronger right leg being the more analgesic. The upper limit of the analgesia faded away gradually from D.12 to D.10. C.S.F. in April, 1943: pressure 100, jumping up briskly on jugular compression, thus excluding spinal block (Queckenstedt); W.R. negative; total proteins 35 mg. per 100 ml. Histamine test meal showed plenty of free acid, thus excluding P.A. Lipiodol injection high up in spine showed on x-ray no evidence of spinal block. Everything being negative, he was sent back to me again with instructions to " carry on with his work as well as he could." By now he was staggering along on two sticks. In September, 1943, I sent him to another hospital, as I felt sure, though entirely ignorant, that a laminectomy was the answer. His C.S.F. then showed 55 mg. of protein. It was proved later that there was, in fact, spinal block in this case, though manometry did not show it. Increase of C.S.F. protein below the level of the block, or cord compression, is part of Froin's syndrome and is probably due to compression of the spinal veins. As a result the pressure within these veins rises and consequently blood corpuscles and plasma containing much protein exude. By July, 1944, the plantar reflexes were extensor, but Queckenstedt's test was still negative and there was no evidence of block. Dorsal fluid showed cells 9 per ml. and protein 30 mg. per 100 ml. But in the lumbar region the cells were 1,500 per ml. and the protein 225 mg. per 100 ml. At long last, in July, 1944, a laminectomy was done, and between D.11 and D.12 a large, hard, prolapsed, calcified intravertebral disk was found and removed. The cord below it was grossly atrophied for 3 in. and displaced to the right. But it was too late. On July 15, 1944, he had a violent haematuria and collapsed and died the next day. Post-mortem examination confirmed the operative findings and showed a gangrenous cystitis.


Abstract Following on from the successful project to recover an ice core to bedrock on Berkner Island, similar drilling equipment and logistics were used on two further projects to recover ice cores to bedrock in the Antarctic Peninsula. At James Ross Island, a ship- and helicopter-supported project drilled to bedrock at 363 m depth in a single season, while a Twin Otter-supported project drilled to bedrock at 654m depth, again in a single season, from Fletcher Promontory. In both new projects, drilling was from the surface, with the infrastructure enclosed in a tent, using an uncased, partially fluid-filled, borehole.


In the northern region of  the Rio de Janeiro State, the oil industry is a strong employer of skilled technicians at HIgh School level.  Mathematics is crucial for these professionals because they work with skills including logical thinking, the power of reasoning and problem solving, among others. The article presents the results of a qualitative research survey that determined, according to four surveyed groups, which mathematical demands are necessary for the High School technicians that work in the upstream area of the oil industry in the Campos Basin. The results show that content, methodologies and skills intersect Mathematics and this type of work in various sectors of the industry.


This week's article describes a way to boost gut microbe–mediated protection against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Infectious Disease Combating antibiotic resistance A synthetic TLR-7 agonist restores immune defenses to an antibiotic-resistant pathogen lost due to antibiotic use. M. C. Abt, C. G. Buffie, B. Sušac, S. Becattini, R. A. Carter, I. Leiner, J. W. Keith, D. Artis, L. C. Osborne, E. G. Pamer, TLR-7 activation enhances IL-22–mediated colonization resistance against vancomycin-resistant enterococcus. Sci. Transl. Med. 8, 327ra25 (2016). [Abstract]


In Marguerite Porete's late thirteenth-century allegory, The Mirror of Simple Souls, Lady Reason describes the Virtues in traditional medieval terms as giving "to every pious soul a form of good life." Her interlocutor, Lady Love, sees no such "good life" under the sway of the Virtues, but rather violence and domination: "The Virtues ask honor and possessions, heart and body and life. That is that such souls should give up everything, and still the Virtues say to this Soul . . . that only with great suffering is the just man saved. And therefore this wretched Soul, still subject to the Virtues, says that she would be willing to be hounded by Dread and suffer torment in Hell until the day of judgment, if after that she was to be saved. And it is true, says Love, that the


This work develops a provably stable broadcast feedback approach to regulating the aggregate output of a collection of stochastically behaving cellular units with pronounced hysteresis. Similar to skeletal muscle, comprised of a number of muscle fibers, the cellular units are independent and each contributes to an aggregate system output. The control architecture consists of a central controller that only observes the aggregate system output and cell-level controllers that manage cell state on the hysteresis loop. The central controller stochastically recruits cells to reduce expected squared error. Stability analysis based on supermartingale theory guarantees that the control framework is stable.


5. Security Ciassif. [of this report) '20. Seciiiity C ~ S S S ~ ~ . (S! !his page) Unclassified Unclassified The task for this report is to perform the basic research and develop a prototype benchtop holographic optical storage system based on photochromic and/or photorefractive polymers so that both permanent and erasable images may be stored and retrieved in the same mixed polymer medium. The task consist of: assembly and setup of the benchtop holographic storage system, including lasers, optics, and other ancillary equipment in a laboratory setting; and research and development of a suitable polymner matrix that will allow practical storage and retrieval of digital data. This will necessitate molecular design of the matrices involved and subsequent physics test to verify the characteristics of the matrices provide practical storage and retrieval.


Future radar systems are becoming more compact and modular. They however still produce a large amount of heat, which needs to be extracted. Commonly used forced convection cooling approaches are becoming impractical to transfer the generated heat. This thesis describes the implementation of a thermosyphon for the two-phase heat transfer in the antenna front-end of radar systems. ASSIGNMENT A literature study was conducted and used for the development of models that predict the performance of a thermosyphon. This thesis presents two models: an analytical model based on Strel'tsov theory and a numerical model based on solving the conservation equations directly. A comparison between the experimental results of the prototype that was built and both models is presented. This comparison showed good agreements and gives valuable insights into the working principle of thermosyphons. The important conclusion is that the effects of the liquid fill ratio and the applied heat flux on the thermosyphon's thermal resistance are difficult to determine analytically or numerically.