Introduction The global increase in number in severity of traumatic and degenerative musculoskeletal diseases affects the quality of life and increases health-care costs and resource expenditure. Facing an epidemic of orthopaedic tissue pathology in all ages and economic surroundings, modern medicine is challenged to improve strategy to deliver efficient and affordable treatments. Regenerative medicine has been identified as able to offer revolutionary solutions and to enable complete structural and functional rehabilitation of tissues, organs and bodily systems. This article reviews current regenerative medicine strategies for musculoskeletal diseases of bone, tendon and cartilage, which made their way to clinical application. Stage-related disease regenerative medicine planning and phenotypic mesenchymal stem cell biomarker characterisation are identified as potential factors accelerating the clinical applicability of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies for musculoskeletal regeneration. Conclusion Cell source profiling using biomarkers for proliferation and differentiation towards the desired lineage would be the next step in improving the regenerative medicine strategy. Introduction Regenerative medicine (RM) is sought to making possible the anatomical and functional restoration of tissues and organs impaired or lost due to disease, trauma, congenital abnormalities or advancing age1. RM uses advanced scientific knowledge in the field of molecular and developmental biology, nanomaterials, bioinformatics and computational biology to provide solutions for untreatable diseases till date, congenital abnormalities or age-related degeneration. Innovative, affordable RM solutions can help both developed and developing countries to address the increasing burden of disease costs and improving the global health equity2. In RM, cells, the ultimate 'biological executive' are manipulated or targeted for the structural, bioactive and/or immunomodulatory effect. Different cell sources are available and extensively studied for regenerative purposes. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the adult stem cells involved in growth, maintenance and repair of connective tissues: cartilage, bone, tendon, and ligament and marrow stoma. MSCs are isolated based on their adherence to the plastic culture dish, and can be expanded in vitro for several passages to be used for research or clinical applications. International Society for Cell Therapy has identified the minimal criteria for the characterisation of MSCs3. Autologous MSCs of clinically significant volume can be obtained with minimal cell manipulation. In this article, the current MSC-based RM strategies for connective tissues are outlined, with a focus on bone, cartilage, tendons and ligaments repair. Discussion Bone regeneration When damaged, the bone has a remarkable capability to rebuild completely functional tissues. Nevertheless, nonunions—failure of bone healing— are challenging to treat, requiring surgery for mechanical stabilisation and/or biological augmentation. The increasing numbers of nonunions are frequently related to the increasing cases of extensive musculoskeletal injury produced by traffic accidents, war and natural calamities4. Bone loss due to trauma, tumour removal or periprosthetic loosening is a clinical situation requiring tissue substitution. For mechanical stability and osteoconductivity, natural bone grafts of various origins (autografts, allografts or xenografts) are used to treat bone defects. Autologous grafts are osteoinductive, capable to locally recruit osteoprogenitors and to induce the production of de novo mineralised tissue, therefore, considered as the golden standard in bone replacement5. However, autografts are available in limited volume expose to increased surgery time and intraoperative blood loss and can result in donor site morbidity. Osseous integration at the interface of prosthetic implants, as well as bone healing at the surgically induced fusion sites for joint or spine stabilisation are increasing the demand for bone grafts. Synthetic bone substitutes are currently used as osteoconductive replacement material. However, the poor mechanical properties and the blood supply for larger implanted volumes are limiting their clinical use. MSC-based in vivo and in vitro or ex vivo functional tissue-engineered bone grafts are regarded as a promising solution for graft shortage6. Obtaining ex vivo bone * Corresponding author Email: firstname.lastname@example.com 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Saint Spiridon Iasi Romania, Iasi, Romania 2 SBIM Systems Bioinformatics and Modelling GMBH, Frankfurt, Germany 3 NUI Galway Ireland NCBES National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Sciences, Galway, Ireland 4 BioTalentum, Godollo, Hungary M an ag em en t


This paper presents the design considerations of a five-phase outer rotor interior permanent magnet motor (IPM) for an electric bicycle (e-bicycle). Conventional e-bicycles employ three phase outer rotor surface permanent magnet motors which are less reliable compared to the five-phase IPM motors. Moreover, the traditional electric motors use rare-earth permanent magnet materials such as neodymium which are expensive. Ferrite based magnets can be a better substitute to rare earth materials to make the motor more affordable. In this study, the design of a highly reliable and economical five-phase ferrite based IPM motor to be accommodated in a hub motor drive (HMD) for an e-bicycle is presented. The proposed motor design is optimized using a lumped parameter model (LPM) based optimizer. Detailed analysis on the design parameters and constraints considered for optimization is discussed. Thorough finite element simulations in terms of torque developed, cogging torque, back-EMF, and mechanical stress have been conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed motor design.


This work is based on the artist's personal experience during quarantine, and it aims to inspire imagination and hope for the future, for unreachable places, especially in the particular situation of the year 2020. In Book VIII of The Republic (Plato, 375 BC), behind the people trapped in the cave, there is a passage that leads through the entire cave. The people staring at the shadows have a passage behind them, one that leads through the entire cave. With this piece, the artist evokes a new type of experience, one that bridges the tension between shadows and passage, in a piece that is both figuratively fleeting and offers an imaginary redemption. There is a Chinese proverb: "Before the body moves, the mind is already far away," which means that the physical body is still in place, but the mind is already set free to wander through time and space. Sit, and lift your head to feel the clouds of London or Tokyo pass overhead, listen to familiar sounds from another city and you will feel being carried a thousand miles away for a moment.


The purpose of this article is to explain the latest technology to calculate volumes, using ultrasonic sensors that can determine the differential volume of water in a container of truncated cylinder, this is achieved through programming of electronic components, the ultrasonic sensor is mounted on a small circuit that records the height of the container with respect to water, the sensor sends this information to the main circuit containing a Pic Pic programmed in BASIC, the Pic manages and handles the information it receives from the sensors are sent to Chip Max, a special chip that will convert the Pic Basic information in ASCII code, so you can move to the computer through the serial port on a computer by a program coded in Visual Basic, shows the information that enters through the serial port, showing the volume and the volume differential.


Because of the event-driven, nature of asynchronous, concurrent processes, production systems (PS's) are an attractive modeling tool. The system of interest can be modeled with a large number of independent states, with independent actions, and tile knowledge base can be conveniently encoded declaratively. However, asynchronous, concurrent processes normally have strict requirements for inter-process communication and coordination; this requires a substantial degree of inter-rule communication in the PS. The result of this is that a complex control structure is embedded in the short term memory (STM); this is generally considered unattractive for a number of reasons. This paper proposes a separate, explicit control structure for modeling asynchronous, concurrent processes With PS's. Specifically, the use of a Petri net is addressed. A system of asynchronous, concurrent processes can be modeled using 'PS's to model the individual processes or events and using a Petri net to model the relationships between the processes. Furthermore, a hierarchy of such networks is proposed; an allowable production rule action is the instantiation of another network. This is supported with a structured, hierarchial STM.


Guatavita Lake is a small, sheltered tropical high mountain lake located in the Colombian Andes, with a closed watershed and a maximum depth of 25 m. It is the freshwater source for human consumption in nearby small towns, as well as being a site of cultural value for the country, as it was a sacred place to indigenous peoples until about five centuries ago. As the structure and function of this aquatic ecosystem is poorly understood, this study provides initial knowledge on its phytoplankton biomass dynamics, which should be useful in designing efficient management plans with environmental baseline information for similar lakes elsewhere. Physical and chemical data, and photosynthetic pigment concentrations, were measured for the period November 1999–November 2000 at the central vertical axis of Guatavita Lake. The vertical profile of the chlorophyll-a concentration was closely related to the dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations and the thermal stratification characteristics. The maximum chlorophyll-a concentration in the metalimnion was recorded for the thermal stratification period (November 1999–June 2000). Deepening of the maximum chlorophyll-a concentration began in February, continuing to June, when it reached its lowest value at the 15 m depth. The phytoplankton biomass values showed an increment within the entire water column at the beginning of the mixing period (July). The relation between the metalimnetic peak of chlorophyll-a and the dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentration suggests the growth of the phytoplankton community is limited mainly by the availability of nitrogen.


.................................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................................................................. 3 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES ..................................................................................... 5 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 6 LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................... 8 Part 1: Authentic learning and online role-plays ...................................................................................8 Part 2: Performance, identity, and reality ........................................................................................... 14 RESEARCH QUESTIONS ...............................................................................................21 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 22 Primary sources .................................................................................................................................. 22 Analysis............................................................................................................................................... 23 Theoretical approach .......................................................................................................................... 23 CASE STUDIES ............................................................................................................ 25 Case Study 1: DRALE Online ............................................................................................................. 25 Case Study 2: The Campaign.............................................................................................................. 30 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ......................................................................................... 34 Getting into the role............................................................................................................................ 34 When the system breaks down ........................................................................................................... 39 Going off the radar.............................................................................................................................. 41 The complexity of relationships ......................................................................................................... 46 Suspending disbelief........................................................................................................................... 48 Freedoms and constraints................................................................................................................... 51 Roles and identities ............................................................................................................................ 54 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................. 59 BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................... 62


Present status of the porous membranes produced by the stretching methods was summarized. Following the general description of the stretching method, the structure, function, application and the direction of future development for the porous PTFE membranes were described. Recent studies of the mechanism of structure formation by uniaxially and biaxially stretched membranes and the effect of heat treatment were explained.


For model two-electron atoms with harmonic confinement, the correlated first-order density matrix can be expressed in terms of the relative motion wave function Rr. Here we demonstrate that the probability density Pr associated with this wave function is directly related to the x-ray scattering factor fG. This latter quantity, in turn, is determined by the ground-state electron density nr. The Euler-Lagrange equation of the resulting density-matrix theory is thereby shown to take the form of a third-order integro-differential equation for nr in which the probability density Pr=R r also appears. For two specific choices of the interaction between the two fermions under consideration, the above integro-differential equation derived here is shown to lead back to known linear homogeneous differential equations for the electron density. Finally, it is emphasized that specific equations summarized here will apply directly to theoretical study of the nonrelativistic groundstate electron density nr,Z in the He-like ions with atomic number Z.


With the increasing world energy demand, considerate attention has been centered on utilizing heavy oil, that is probably settled ultra-deep underground and can't be simply recovered. Recently, nanotechnology has appeared as a substitute for the technology for in situ heavy oil upgrading and recovery enhancement e.g., using metalbased nanoparticles. Nanocatalysts are one of the vital examples of nanotechnology applications. They portray distinctive chemical change and natural properties due to their exceptionally high surface-area-to-volume quantitative relation and active surface sites. In-situ catalytic conversion or upgrading of heavy oil with the help of multi-metallic nanocatalysts could be a promising value effective and environmentally friendly technology for the production of top quality oils that meet pipeline and refinery requirements. Further, nanoparticles can be utilized as inhibitors for preventing or delaying asphaltene precipitation and after enhance oil recovery. The "underground refinery" approach employing a nanosize ultradispersed (UD) catalyst is one amongst the alternatives to surface upgrading which will become the "next generation" of oil sands manufacturing enhancement. Water-in-vacuum gas oil micro-emulsions containing trimetallic (W, Ni, and Mo) ultradispersed mixture nanoparticles that may penetrate within the porous medium and react with the hydrocarbon. This methodology is geared towards developing a catalytic-enhanced oil recovery for hydrocarbon through the viscosity reduction mechanism with the help of trimetallic nanoparticles.


It is exciting time for the Transport Geography Specialty Group (TGSG) of the Association of American Geographers (AAG). After a year of membership drive, I am pleased to report that as of December 2013 the TGSG membership has increased to 343, which is a record after it slightly declined from 339 in 2011 to 273 in 2012. Please continue to encourage your colleagues and students to join the TGSG when they renew their AAG memberships.


Ahmad Abdussalam, 2017, NIT: 50134927.T, "Damage Analysis of Diesel
Generator Diesel Engine Exhaust Valve in MV. BEA SCHULTE",
Program Diploma IV, Technical, Merchant Marine Polytechnic of
Semarang, Supervising I: Abdi Seno, M.Si., M.Mar.E and Supervising II:
Capt. H. Suherman, M.Mar
A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine in which air is
compressed to a high enough temperature to ignite diesel fuel injected into a
cylinder, where combustion and emission drive the piston that converts the
chemical energy in fuel into mechanical energy. The availability of a power
source is absolute for the smooth operation of the ship, for example for lighting,
navigation equipment and auxiliary engine, and others. The condition of the
exhaust valve in the diesel generator is very influential on the condition of the
generator. The existence of flue gas valve damage can affect the condition of the
operation of diesel generator, so the condition of the exhaust valve must always be
maintained.
Research method that writer use in preparation of this thesis is descriptive
qualitatif research method. In this case the authors use the SWOT method as a
data analysis technique to analyze the existing problems in the diesel generator,
which factors are causing the damage of the exhaust valve diesel generator engine,
the impact and what efforts are made to overcome the factors of the problem by
identifying various factors systematically against strenghts, weaknesses,
opportunities, and threats from the environment to formulate the strategy to be
taken.
Based on the results of research that has been done on the MV. BEA
SCHULTE on January 3, 2016 up to November 3, 2016, it can be concluded that
the damage of diesel generator exhaust valve is caused by two factors, namely 1)
unsuitable valve gap caused by the operation and lack of inspection. 2) the use of
low quality fuels. To overcome these factors can be adjusted exhaust gas supply
according to time, as well as good screening on low-quality fuel.
Keywords: diesel generator, exhaust valve, SWOT.


Objective To study the expression and significance of Twist and E-cadherin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma(TSCC).Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Twist and E-cadherin in 62 cases of TSCC and 10 cases of normal tonque mucosa tissues.Results The expression of Twist in TSCC was significantly higher than that in normal tongue tissues(P0.05).The expression of E-cadherin in TSCC was significantly lower than that in normal tongue tissues(P0.05).The expression of Twist and E-cadherin in TSCC was correlated with tumor infiltration,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis(P0.05),but not correlated with patients' age,gender and tumor pathological grade(P0.05).A significant negative correlation was noted between the expression of Twist and E-cadherin in TSCC(r=-0.728,P0.01).Conclusion The abnormal expression of Twist and E-cadherin in TSCC means that they may be involved in the invasion and metastasis of TSCC.Detection of the expressions of Twist and E-cadherin should be useful for estimating the development and prognosis of TSCC.


SUMMARY The aim of this essay has been to try out Soft Systems Methodology on financial reporting at Volvo Cars Corporation (VCC). VCC saw a possible opportunity to improve their reporting processes, and SSM was chosen to deal with this possible problematic situation. Action Research became the natural way of conducting the study since it is almost a mandatory way of conducting SSM. A delimitation was made due to limited resources and only a small part of the purchasing department was involved, namely electrical purchasing. The result of the study is the artifacts from the different SSM steps that points upon how the participants would like the reporting system to be as well as many issues with the current reporting process. These outputs from the method were regarded as successful by both practitioner and participants. In essence the method was considered to be effective on a case such as this. Acknowledgement First of all I would like to thank Volvo Cars Corporation for letting me conduct this study at their Purchasing department at the Torslanda production plant. Then I would like to thank my assigned tutors Sofia Wessman and Erik Edvardsson as well as my supervisor Martin Kruse. A special thanks to Sofia Wessman for patiently answering all my questions and helping out with everything from who I should contact to general knowledge of the organization and always going the extra mile to explain everything! Equally has Martin Kruse reviewed my work and taking time out of his busy schedule for giving feedback throughout the process as well as helping out in contacting the right employees and believing in me and my work and supporting the process with sorting out all the practical details. Not for a second have I regretted having Kjell Engberg as my supervising professor who has given me invaluable help with constructive feedback and helping me develop my academic skills. I deeply appreciate our meetings, even on short notice taking time to discuss thoroughly all issues and ideas and even taking your time to visit Volvo Cars. Without your feedback this essay would never have been what it currently is. And last but certainly not least all electrical purchasing who has taken great interest in helping out with this study and taking time to help out during interviews, emails and workshops on top of their normal tasks. Without your continued patronage and dedication during all workshops …


Analysis the status quo of regional university,the text brings forward the construct of teaching material should accord with the cultivating of person with ability.And combine the fact of Shaoguan University,some measures to construct teaching material in regional university were put forward.


Background: Standard setting organisations such as the Australian Qualifications Framework Council, Engineers Australia, the Australian Computer Society and the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) all generate comprehensive lists of expected outcomes, which must be demonstrated at accreditation time. Purpose: In this exploration we take as a given the richness of the work that has gone into the generation of these lists of expected outcomes. However, we invite the reader to reconsider the way these outcomes can be organized and also to consider the implications for program and curriculum design. Design/Method: 17 academic staff were asked to judge the proximity of the 16 Engineers Australia Stage 1 Competencies relative to the other 15 (120 evaluations each). These data sets were then processed using the multidimensional scaling algorithm, Permap, to produce a series of perceptual 2D maps of the relatedness of each of the 16 competencies. An average map was also produced. Results: There was a consistent view that the design elements of competency (2.1, 2.2 and 2.3) lie at the centre of the perceptual maps, with 2.4 (project management not far away). These elements relate most closely to all the other elements of competency. Two other clusters were clearly identified: the STEM cluster (1.1, 1.2, 1.3) and a 'social science' cluster of communication, teamwork and self management. Other elements of competency were less clearly aligned. Conclusions: Initial analysis and modelling of the perceived relationships between the many expected outcomes of engineering education suggests a rethink for program design, with a focus on engineering design. The perceptual maps raise questions of organisation of the competencies; the current three groupings used in the Competency Standard do not reflect the relative importance of the competency clusters.


Flipped learning, in which students watch video lessons outside the class time and the instructor uses the class time for instilling of knowledge through various active learning techniques, is often put forth as a more effective mode of instruction. While a number of educators in higher education have replaced their traditional lecture-based offerings with flipped classes, it is still debatable whether flipping can be scaled up to large core classes. In this paper, experiences are recounted from two consecutive flipped offerings of a junior-level signal processing class at Rutgers with an average enrollment of 122 students. These experiences suggest that, with some improvisations, large classes can be successfully flipped with minimal time, cost, and infrastructure overhead.


The purpose of this study was to determine body composition parameters, dietary intakes, and physical activities in female college students. The subjects were divided into three groups, standard, obese, heavy obese, according to fat mass(%) with tool of bioelectrical impedence (Inbody 3.0ⓡ). We adopted Can-Proⓡ program to assay their dietary intakes for weekdays and weekends to obesity and physical activities. The fat mass(%) of each group was significantly associated with body mass index(BMI) and WHR(waist-hip ratio). There was significant difference among the groups regarding to intakes of dietary fiber(p<0.05) and sodium(p<0.05) between weekdays and weekends. The subjects in this study consumed only 69% of KDRIS(Dietary References Intakes for Korean) for energy intakes(1400 Kcal), 57% for dietary fiber, 53% for calcium, and 58% for iron, respectively. Heavy obese-group had significant lower intakes of dietary fiber(p<0.05), calcium(p<0.05), and iron(p<0.05) comparing with control group. They were revealed to have higher calorie-intakes from carbohydrates and lower calorie-intakes from breakfast. In conclusion, about 33% of female collage students had extremely high body fat-mass, unbalanced dietary intakes, and lack of physical activity, including long TV viewing hours per day. This study suggests that nutrition education is needed for female college students to improve unbalanced eating habits and inappropriate body weight.


Presented here is a wavefront control algorithm that achieves symmetric high contrast regions using electric field estimation from the science camera. This same algorithm is then extended to broadband suppression.


Thirty-four urinary bladders were collected from cows that originated in a bracken fern rich area near the Black Sea in Turkey. Thirteen transitional cell carcinomas, 11 papillomas, and 10 lesions classified as mucosal hyperplasia were diagnosed. These tissues were then immunostained with monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin 20, carcinoembryonic antigen, uroplakin 9, uroplakin 10, and epithelial growth factor. Lesions classified histologically as hyperplasia exhibited only the reactivity with uroplakin 9 or uroplakin 10. Lesions classified histologically as papillomas were also reactive to either uroplakin 9 or uroplakin 10, but two tumours exhibited the reactivity to other markers as well. Transitional cell carcinomas were uniformly immunoreactive to uroplakin 10 and cytokeratin 20. Due to uroplakin 10 reaction, five cases of hyperplasia and three cases of papilloma were re-classified as in situ carcinomas.


In this paper we consider the incompressible porous media equation in the Sobolev spaces $H^s(\R^2), s > 2$. We prove that for $T > 0$ the time $T$ solution map $\rho_0 \mapsto \rho(T)$ is nowhere locally uniformly continuous. On the other hand we show that the particle trajectories are analytic curves in $\R^2$.


Distributed manufacturing control systems, such as Holonic Control Systems (HCSs), are difficult to apprehend and to design, due to the presence of many autonomous, concurrent and asynchronous activities. A formal specification methodology allowing to understand, to synthesise the system specifications and to validate the correctness of their models would play a key role in its design and later in its implementation. This paper presents an approach to the formal specification of HCSs based on high-level Petri nets. The proposed approach is tested in the specification of the ADACOR HCS.


Studies on the analysis of walking were performed on 33 male subjects. A prescription of physical exercise (walking at a speed of greater than 6 km/hr for more than one hour daily) for the promotion of individual health is presented on the basis of walking analysis. Presumptions were made that adequate physical exercise does promote health and is beneficial for the healthy life and increases the life span. These presumptions were derived from the numerous experimental literatures. The literatures support indirectly the presumptions. The following results were obtained and prescription of physical exercise is presented. 1. Oxygen uptake in a walking on a treadmill at a speed of 4 km/hr was only 3 times of the resting oxygen uptake. This kind of moderate exercise did not stimulate the cardiopulmonary system adequately. Heart rate at a 4 km/hr walking was 101 beats/min in boys of less than 20 years old and 83 beats/min in adults. Oxygen uptake at a 6 km/hr walking exceeded 4 times of the resting oxygen uptake. It was interpreted that walking at 6 km/hr stimulated the cardiopulmonary system for the promotion of health. Heart rate at this speed was greater than 110 beats/min in boys and greater than 100 beats/min in adults. 2. Heart rates in a walking of 10 km/hr were 172 beats/min in boys, and 143 beats/min in adults, respectively. Maximal heart rates were 185 beats/min in boys, 180 in office clerks, and 168 beats/min in construction site laboreres. 3. The correlation between heart rate and oxygen uptake was high, namely, r>0.95. Subsequently heart rate could be used as a measure of degree of intensity of physical exercise instead of the cumbersome oxygen uptake measurement. 4. The prescription of physical exercise for the promotion of health is: Daily walking for more than one hour at a speed of greater than 6 km/hr. Bodily functions in this daily walking are in boys (body weight, 50 kg): heart rates of 110 beats/min; breathing frequency, 28/min; oxygen uptake, greater than 4 times of the resting uptake; pulmonary ventilation, 351/min; stride, 124 strides/min; cumulative number of strides for one hour, 7,440 strides, and energy expenditure of more than 300 kcal. In adults (body weight, 60 kg) the bodily functions are: heart rates of 100 beats/min, breathing frequency, 28/min; oxygen uptake, greater than 4 times of the resting uptake; Pulmonary ventilation, 301/min; stride, 127 strides/min; cumulative number of strides for one hour, 7,670 strides, and energy expenditure of more than 300 kcal.


An accurate mathematical model of valve control hydraulic system is established through theoretical analysis. The influence of long pipeline on valve control hydraulic system is investigated by theoretical analysis and simulation and a series of conclusions are obtained, which is important to the design and analysis of valve control hydraulic system.


Our department pays great attention to the practical teaching of experiment.We have constructed modern experiment teaching system and practical teaching system.Based on the basic mechanics laboratory with advanced apparatus and scientific management,we have developed a series of designed and synthetical lab apparatus.In application of open experiment teaching,we attempt to cultivate students' practical ability,innovation spirit and comprehensive quality.


The purpose of this Erratum is to correct two typographical errors that appeared in the published article (Giacalone 2017). Neither of these affect the conclusions or presented results. The first error occurs in Section 3 in the second sentence of the last paragraph (page 8 of the PDF article). The corrected sentence is: "For this case, the coherence scale of the turbulent fluctuations is larger than the final shock radius, and, obviously is larger than the shock radius throughout the entire simulation." The second error is in the first of the two equations given by Equation (10) in Appendix A. The correct version of this equation is:


Dense wavelength division m ultiplex DWDM and all optical network AON have become the hot issues in the field of optical com munication presently.L ots of advantages of DWDM such as very big capacity,transparency to data signals and flexibility in network configuration make it unparalleled to the traditional optic fiber com munication technology.It is becoming the pillar of optic fiber comm unication and a key technology in the field of AON. In AON ,transmission and processing of the data are carried on in optical field. In comparison with the traditional comm unication network,it is more capacious,m ore expansible,more reconstructive,m ore simple in network configuration and transparent entirely to data signal.This paper introduces concept of DWDM,AON and their networks.


Otakar Frank, Marcel Mohr, Janina Maultzsch, Christian Thomsen, Ibtsam Riaz, Rashid Jalil, Kostya S. Novoselov, Georgia Tsoukleri, John Parthenios, Konstantinos Papagelis,†z* Ladislav Kavan, and Costas Galiotis Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, Foundation of Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH/ICE-HT), 265 04 Patras, Greece, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic, Institut f€ur Festk€orperphysik, Technische Universit€at Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K., and Materials Science Department, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece


In this paper, a method for hybridizing artificial hormones controller with type_2 fuzzy controller is presented. Artificial hormones robot control system provides the ability to self-control, the fuzzy controller is appropriate for nonlinear systems with time delay and dynamic systems. This paper presents three feasible scenarios of hybridizing two controllers. Controller performance indicators such as settling time, overshoot, steady state error, Integrals known as feedback error performance indices (IAE, ISE, ITAE, ITSE), were studied and compared. The results of the Hybrid controller for each of the scenarios show that it has better performance than any of the fuzzy controller and artificial hormone controller alone. Energy Consumption in based controller and hybrid controller was compared. The results show that the energy consumption for the hybrid controller is 20% to 30% less than the base controller.


Abstract Using continuous and time-resolved spectroscopy, we investigate Raman and luminescence signals from synthetic hydroxylapatites doped with trivalent REE including Dy3+, Eu3+, Nd3+, and Sm3+, as well as REE in natural apatites, with laser excitations at 532 and 785 nm. We demonstrate that time-resolved spectroscopy is an efficient method to reduce luminescence from Raman spectra or, alternatively, to investigate the luminescence signals without interference from the Raman contribution. Time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy is a powerful technique for generating specific high-quality luminescence spectra for the REE emission activators in apatites by using appropriate combinations of delay and gate width for time synchronization of the laser pulse and ICCD detector. This allows the unambiguous detection and identification of the activators by avoiding overlapping of various emission signals in the luminescence spectra. This is particularly useful in the case of natural samples, which often have several activators for luminescence. In the case of synthetic REE-doped apatites, a quenching process for luminescence due to activator concentration is seen for Eu3+ and Sm3+, i.e., the higher the concentration, the shorter the luminescence decay time. The interpretation of luminescence decay time in natural apatites is promising but more complex because of energy transfers between the various luminescence activators present in the crystal lattice. Luminescence is a powerful technique for detecting the presence of REE in apatites down to parts per million levels, though quantifying the concentration is still a challenge.


SUMMARY In 1972 Schillebeeckx, because of his concern over fundamental problems causing unrest within the Christian community, initiated a 'dialogue' about Jesus of Nazareth. He proceeded on the assumption that the Christian faith would lose its credibility if the scientific study of the Bible were to prove that Jesus did not exist, or that he was not what faith believes him to have been. The present article challenges this assumption which is that of Bultmann and of all those who have taken part in the Bultmann debate, and in the so-called New Quest of the historical Jesus, The article investigates the curious discussion about analogy that some of the participants in the debate engaged in, and that finally appeared to be based upon a misunderstanding of Bultmann's intentions. However, a closer look at the various positions and particularly at the apparent consensus concerning the historicity of Jesus reveals a remarkable ambiguity in the use of the terms historical and historicity (apart from Bultmann's ...


The advent of experiments in single-molecule chemistry ≈20 years ago (1, 2) generated a new type of molecular spectroscopy and provided new ways of looking at the dynamics and reactions of biomolecules. In ordinary ensemble experiments, one measures the average over a large number of molecules, so that individual differences between molecules are unobservable. Early spectroscopic studies of single molecules in low-temperature solids showed that each molecule in the ensemble had a distinct spectrum, that the individual spectrum was time-dependent, and that the distribution of molecular properties was often counterintuitive.


A new perspective developed at Mansoura University Hospital is to provide quality patient care. The responsibility of ensuring quality patient care units falls directly on the shoulders of the head nurses. So, job description is needed more than ever to have a written statement of: organizational relationships, duties, responsibilities as well as qualifications of the head nurses. Thus, this study aims to develop and validate job description of the head nurses in the surgical units at Mansoura University Hospital. The sample consists of all head nurses (10 head nurses) in the surgical units and 12 nurse supervisors at Mansoura University Hospital. There is also a jury group includes 15 different levels of nurse managers working at Mansoura University Hospital and 15 academic staff from Faculty of Nursing at Mansoura, Ain shams, and Cairo Universities. Three tools were used for data collection, namely: an observation sheet (activity analysis), a job description questionnaire, and opinionnaire sheet. The study findings indicated that the proposed job description is valid to be used in the general surgical inpatient units at Mansoura University Hospital. It is recommended to be applied and to be updated periodically.


Abstract The goal of this paper is to investigate the Tikhonov–Phillips method for semi-discrete linear ill-posed problems in order to determine tight error bounds and to obtain a good parameter choice. We consider the equation Aƒ = g, where the operator A is known, noisy discrete data with can be observed and a solution ƒ* is sought. Assuming that ƒ* is an element of a Sobolev space, we use the well-known theory of optimal recovery in Hilbert spaces for the reconstruction process. We then provide L 2-error estimates in terms of the data density and derive an a priori selection for the regularization parameter, which guarantees an optimal compromise between approximation and stability. Finally, we illustrate the parameter selection with a simple example.


Abstract Infrared spectra of Nickel alkyl xanthates, i.e. ethyl, n-butyl and n-amyl are compared with spectra of the corresponding potassium alkyl xanthates, dixanthogens and with spectra obtained from the adsorption of these compounds on Nickel. Adsorption of xanthates from acidic aqueous solutions on Nickel plates produced multilayer coatings of Nickel xanthates. Adsorption of ethyl dixanthogen vapour at ea: 10−2 mm Hg on oxidized or sulphidized (by dry H2S gas treatment) surfaces resulted in catalytic dissociation of dixanthogen to form adsorbed Nickel ethyl xanthate with co-adsorption of excess dixanthogen. The surfaces obtained from either of the above adsorption treatments were strongly hydrophobic but the adsorbed layers were readily removed by organic solvent washing, prolonged soaking in water or evacuation at ea: 10−3 mm Hg and at temperatures above 35° C.


Compound fractures of distal femurfrequently lack me-dial stability, which can lead to failure of traditional plate fixation via lateral surgical approach. Aim of the study.To evaluate efficiency (mid-term functional results) of minimally invasive double plate osteosynthesis in cases of compound distal femoral fractures with medial insta-bility in comparison with conventional osteosynthesis technique. Materials and methods. 40 patients were included in three-site study. 20 patients with compound distal femoral fractures (1st group) underwent minimally invasive double plate osteosynthesis with prospective analysis of functional outcomes 6, 9, and 12 months af-ter surgery. Another 20 patients with similar fractures (2nd group) underwent conventional osteosynthesis with single lateral plate with retrospective evaluation of long-term functional outcomes of the treatment at 18 to 48 months after surgery. Clinical analysis of functional results in both groups was performed using KSS and Ly-sholm scales, anatomical results were evaluated by com-parison of valgus deformity degree of progression with control x-rays. Comparative analysis of the outcomes of surgical treatment in both clinical groups was performed using statistical tests for evaluating normal distribution and non-parametric tests for statistical hypothesis test-ing. Results. Statistically significant (p<0.01) increase of KSS and Lysholm scales was registered in patients of the first group throughout the duration of the study. The number of good and excellent outcomes according to KSS scale in patients of the first group was 90%, and 85% in patients of the second group. The number of good and excellent outcomes according to Lysholm scale was 70% in both groups. The degree of valgus deformity pro-gression was significantly lower in 1st group of patients, including patients with 33-C3 type of fractures. Data cap-tured indicate effectiveness of suggested osteosynthesis method


Objective:To observe the effects of Peristrophe roxburghiane on insulin sensitivity,serum lipid,liver function in rats of insulin resistance with fatty liver.Methods:Adult SD rats were fed with high-fatsugar diet,then peristrophe roxburghiane was administered to the rats for 8 weeks.And then the levels of FFA,TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C in blood sample,the activities of AST,ALT,fasting serum glucose(FBG)and insulin were measured,and insulin-sensitivity index was calculated.The liver was weighed and collected to observe the histologica changes,and liver index was calculated.Results:Treatment of peristrophe roxburghiane can decrease the levels of FFA and TG,increase HDL-C,lower the activities of ALT and AST,and improve the histological changes of liver tissues.Low dose of peristrophe roxburghiane can elevate insulin sensitivity and improve glucose tolerance.Conclusions:Peristrophe roxburghiane possesses the regulation of serum lipid and protection of the liver function on the rats of insulin resistance with fatty liver,and these actions may be concerned with improvement of the insulin sensitivity.


Background: : This study developed a smart CO2 detector, which attach to the general ventilation system to reduce the gas level. Methods: Indoor air quality measurement was performed in five selected rooms between January 2015 to February 2015 using TSI Q-TrakTM Indoor Air Monitor 7575. The perceived indoor air quality conditions was gathered using questionnaires adopted from the Industrial Code of Practice (ICOP) of Indoor Air Quality 2010 by the Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH). The AutoCad 2010 and Soldworks 2011 software were used to design and develop the CO2 detector. Results: The highest concentration of CO2 was determined in the occupied tutorial room (1435 ± 62.6 ppm) followed by lecture hall 3 (1337.67± 14.6 ppm) and lecture hall 4 (1109 ± 4.0 ppm). The highest temperature was recorded in occupied tutorial room (29 ± 0.3 oC) while the highest relative humidity was recorded in occupied lecture hall 4 (76 ± 3.1 %). All of these values exceed the ICOP standard level. Varying room temperature was the most common problem reported (n = 34, 22.7%) followed by unpleasant odors (n = 22, 14.7%) and drafty (n = 21, 14%). The CO2 sensor attached to the general ventilation system triggers the ventilation system to regulate the air into the building more efficiently when CO2 exceeds 800 ppm. The detector may stop the system when the pollutants level is back to normal. Conclusion: The CO2 detector system helps to regulate the air movement and reduce the CO2 level.


One of principles in Islam which shows a belief and aqidah also iman which dwells in the soul is morals and manners. The rapid development of science and technology happening nowadays creates several developments of education, and one of them is the development of learning media. Therefore, the researcher builds the application of morals and manners which aims to facilitate and increase knowledge about of morals and manners which has been exemplified by the Prophet Muhammad SAW. This application is designed using the Java programming language especially for android-based mobile application. The system development method used in this application is waterfall method. with black box testing method and application feasibility testing done by spreading questionnaire to 10 respondents. Based on the implementation and black box testing results can be concluded that the application is running well in accordance with its function. The results of the application feasibility test obtained a 90% feasibility percentage that fall into the very well category.


The purpose of this study is to characterize the processing approach of the athletic training from hard, strict and actual competition and high intensity training in middle and long distance running training. Our work handed out the basic training aims or content in actual competition; provided the intensity standard for high quantity training, provide accurate proportion for quantity and intensity training.The descriptions of our work provides valuable clue of scientific evidences for middle and long distance running training.


COPYRIGHT © 2023 Vogrig, Valencia-Sanchez, Honnorat and Muñiz-Castrillo. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Editorial: Neuroglial antibodies: From clinical associations to pathophysiological investigations


This paper deals with the probability density functions of two correlated Pareto, two correlated t and two correlated F random variables.


Patients sustaining a low‐trauma fracture are at greater risk of subsequent fracture, but as a group are poorly managed. We report the development of our 'First Fracture Project', in which we attempt to assess all patients over 50 years of age with a low‐trauma fracture attending orthopaedic fracture clinics and treat osteopenia and osteoporosis. We found that the First Fracture Project has greatly increased our success in improving delivery of osteoporosis care to appropriate at‐risk patients.


Under market economy, financial health of businesses is one of the main determinants in achieving business objectives and building a competitive advantage. The objective of the study is to evaluate differences in the selected financial indicators across the categories of hotels in the Visegrad Group countries. This objective was achieved by testing these differences in the selected financial indicators (CF, EVA, ROE, ROCE, ROA, ROS and many others) for various hotel categories (twoto five-star hotels). Hotel category data (stars) were collected from Booking.com, financial outcomes were obtained directly from the financial statements of the analysed hotels. Testing of differences was carried out by non-parametric tests (Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon test). Statistically Received: September, 2019 1st Revision: January, 2020 Accepted: May, 2020 DOI: 10.14254/20718330.2020/13-2/19 Journal of International Studies S ci en ti fi c P a pe rs © Foundation of International Studies, 2020 © CSR, 2020 Journal of International Studies Vol.13, No.2, 2020 280 significant differences were found in CF, EVA, ROS, Profit margin, EBITDA margin, EBIT margin, Solvency ratio Asset, Turnover time, Current Liabilities Turnover. The outputs of the analyses reveal that hotels of a higher category show better financial outputs. Therefore, in order to increase their financial performance, lower category hotels should be inspired and focused on the activities of higher category hotels. The study points to the fact that the variable of hotel category should be taken into account in any analytical processes focused on the financial health of hotels.


Internet of Things (IoT) and its applications are proliferating. Performance and scalability are key aspects of an IoT system. A scalable IoT system can gracefully accommodate a growth in the number of IoT devices while still meeting performance requirements. This motivates the need for tools that allow the performance and scalability of an IoT system to be evaluated prior to deployment. Implementing the actual system at full scale and then evaluating it through measurements is ideal from the point of view of realism. However, such an approach can be expensive and inflexible. Emulating an IoT deployment on commodity hardware is an attractive alternative since it allows various system design alternatives to be evaluated in a flexible way without the need for expensive full scale implementations of the alternatives. Recently, many such IoT emulation platforms have been proposed. However, none of these platforms are appropriate for performance and scalability testing since they do not provide a mechanism to match the performance characteristics of the IoT devices being emulated. We present Oasis, a system that addresses this limitation. Oasis uses Docker containers to emulate IoT devices. It leverages Docker's resource allocation and network emulation capabilities to match the performance characteristics of an emulated device to that of its native counterpart. We also show that the ability to accurately match performance improves scalability as well.


Ideal-gas enthalpies of formation of butyl vinyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, methyl glycolate, bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, trans-azobenzene, butyl acrylate, di-tert-butyl ether, and hexane-1,6-diol are reported. Enthalpies of fusion were determined for bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene and trans-azobenzene. Two-phase (solid + vapor) or (liquid + vapor) heat capacities were determined from 300 K to the critical region or earlier decomposition temperature for each compound studied. Liquid-phase densities along the saturation line were measured for bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene. For butyl vinyl ether and 1,2-dimethoxyethane, critical temperatures and critical densities were determined from the dsc results and corresponding critical pressures derived from the fitting procedures. Fitting procedures were used to derive critical temperatures, critical pressures, and critical densities for bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, 5-vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene, trans-azobenzene, butyl acrylate, and di-tert-but...


Abstract : The purpose of this infrastructure project is to develop a large database of digitized mammograms that will be distributed free of charge to researchers working in all aspects of digital mammography. This database will facilitate and promote rapid development in digital mammography research. The database will consist of 1000 cases subdivided into 5 categories, 4 containing different breast lesions -- masses, microcalcifications, architectural distortions, asymmetric densities (both benign and malignant) -- and one containing normal mammograms. The mammograms will be collected and digitized (0.05-mm pixel size) at two sites: the Universities of Chicago and North Carolina. The database will be stored at the two sites and will be available over internet, and by mail on CD, tape, and magneto-optical disks. To date 630 cases have been digitized. Each case consists of index and previous exams (each having four standard views) and up to two special-view mammograms (e.g., magnification views). The computer systems for the database have been assembled and are connected to the network. The first release of 50 cases with clustered microcalcifications will be made shortly after true location of the cluster is determined. This release will be followed by another 50 cases of microcalcifications and 100 cases with masses. Along with the images, instructions on how to use the database will also be distributed. This includes an objective scoring method that we are developing based on input from radiologists'.


Large-scale space development project(LSDP) is a kind of project which possesses some special characteristics and is significant for the social economy development and national security.Risk analysis is an important guarantee to accomplish these projects designed with high quality and low cost.According to the characters,management process and risk factors of the LSDP,using the theory and technology of Multi-Agent and Disturb Project Management,a new risk analysis method of LSDP based on Multi-Agent technology is proposed.It is applied to a large-scale space development project.The risk level of the project is evaluated and the key risk factors are identified.These results can provide decision information for the project risk control and management.


The purpose of this research was to calculate the radiation dose on BNCT. Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a cancer therapy which utilizes thermal neutron-capture reactions by boron-10 isotopes that produce alpha particles and lithium nuclei. The advantage of BNCT is that radiation effects can be limited to tumor cells. The dose of radiation on BNCT depends heavily on the distribution of boron and the neutron free region. The calculation method involves alpha and lithium particles of reactions having high Linear Energy Transfer (LET). By replacing the target of using water phantom that contains heavy water and covered by acrylic glass measuring 30 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm, the dose is calculated using PHITS-based applications. By comparing the simulation results between boron and phantom water or phantom without boron then the conclusion is the absorbed dose of phantom water containing boron is larger than phantom water without boron.


Human mammary epithelial (HME) cells express several P2Y receptor subtypes located in both apical and basolateral membranes. Apical UTP (10 μM) or ATP‐γ‐S (10 μM) stimulation of monolayers mounted in Ussing chambers evoked a rapid, but transient decrease in short circuit current (Isc), consistent with activation of an apical K conductance. In contrast, basolateral stimulation with UTP (10 μM) produced a longer duration increase in Isc that was blocked by 5 μM benzamil. Inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization using BAPTA‐AM abolished these changes in Isc. Moreover, apical pretreatment with charybdotoxin (200 nM), blocked the effect on Isc by >80% and a similar degree of inhibition was observed with clotrimazole (10 μM) and TRAM‐34 (0.5 μM). Silencing expression of KCa3.1 by transfection of HME cells with an shRNA containing lentivirus construct targeting the channel produced ~80% inhibition of mRNA expression and 71% inhibition of the apical Isc response. In addition, silencing the P2Y2 receptor by expression of an shRNA containing lentivirus construct reduced the level of P2Y2 mRNA by 75% and inhibited the apical effects of 10 μM ATP‐γ‐S by 65%. These results suggest that P2Y2 receptors mediate the effects of purinoceptor agonists on K secretion by regulating the activity of KCa3.1 channels expressed in the apical membrane of HME cells.


The invention provides an upconversion material and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps of: (a) dissolving La2O3, gamma b2O3 and Tm2O3 in the mol ratio of (1-x-y)/2:x/2:y/2 with concentrated nitric acid to obtain rare-earth ion solution, wherein x is equal to 0.10-0.25 and y is equal to 0.01-0.05; (b) dissolving carbonate of alkali metal or nitrate of the alkali metal andammonium molybdate into water to obtain metal ion solution, wherein the alkali metal is one of Li, Na and K and the mol ratio of alkali metal elements to molybdenum element in the ammonium molybdate to Tm2O3 is 1:2:y/2; (c) mixing the rare-earth ion solution obtained in the step (a) and the metal ion solution obtained in the step (b) and and stirring; (d) adding a dispersant and stirring; (e) adding a foaming agent and stirring; (f) heating to obtain an expanding precursor of the upconversion material; and (g) sintering the expanding precursor into powder.


ONE would be hard pressed to name a device superior to the mariner's sextant by which physical principles are better adapted to solve a relatively simple practical problem. The sextant, an instrument superbly elegant in its simplicity, designed merely to measure accurately the altitude of a heavenly body from a platform as unstable as the heaving deck of a ship at sea, is ideal for its purpose. The first part of this paper describes the principal altitude measuring devices employed during the Golden Age of Discoveries. It covers a period of about a quarter of a millennium from the time when Portuguese mariners under the sponsorship of Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) first struck out to navigate the open Atlantic, to the time when Robert Hooke (1635-1703), the eminent experimental philosopher of the seventeenth century, first described, in 1666, a reflecting instrument for measuring altitudes at sea.


We present 3.6-, 4.5-, 5.8- and 8.0-μm photometric mapping of 18 galactic planetary nebulae, based on observations taken with the Spitzer Space Telescope. These are shown to have morphologies which are sometimes quite different from those observed in the visible, with much of the emission arising outside the ionized shells. There is also evidence for a change in nebular sizes between the differing photometric bands. An analysis of mid-infrared (MIR) colours suggests that many nebulae have dust/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission components, and it seems likely that longer wave MIR fluxes (in particular) are associated with PAH emission features. Such features are likely to be associated, in addition, with photodissociative regimes, where shock fragmentation of dust may lead to the replenishment of smaller PAH grains.

Finally, we note that the source Ap 2–1 possesses a particularly interesting structure, and may represent a case in which the nebular shell is ploughing through an enveloping H ii region. Similarly, it appears that central emission in M 2–48 may arise from a warm and dusty collimating disc.


This study deals with the effectiveness analysis transforming from the existing offset T-type intersections to roundabouts. Offset intersections have the inefficiencies which increase the waiting time of signals or non-signals, and reduce the capacity. Under these situations, two adjacent roundabouts could be applied. The processes of this study are as follows: first, to construct the network using VISSIM software; second, to simulate the delay time and average speed in the case of signal and roundabout finally, to comparatively analyze their effectiveness. The main results are as follows. First, the capacity of roundabout is analyzed to have more 600pcph than that of existing offset intersection. Second, the average delay tirne of 40km/h design speed is evaluated to be less than that of 60km/h. Finally, in the case of 60-80m interval, the efficiency of offset T-type roundabouts is analyzed to be the best relative to the signalized intersection.


Two adaptive non-linear filters that employ both temporal and amplitude processing have been presented. The application of these filters as a digital channel equaliser has been demonstrated. It has been shown that this class of filters can provide superior performance over their linear counterpart. In general the microstatistic filter requires more weight updates compared with N out of N2 for the amplitude banded filter. The selection of threshold level is rather ad-hoc. They are fixed and are equally spaced throughout the filter operation. Future work is focused on examining dynamic thresholding schemes that can adjust to varying signal range, continuously update the number of threshold levels and vary the distance between quantisation levels throughout the filter operation.<
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Studies of the fragility of the natural environment often accord a prime role to human activities such as habitat destruction, land cover change, and "overuse" of biotic resources. One of the factors most closely associated with environmental degradation in the developing world is poverty. A well-known analysis suggests that the poor are found disproportionately in the dryland, highland, and rainforest zones of the tropics, several of which have been identified by other researchers as "critical" in terms of the quality of their natural resource base and the stresses placed upon them by human uses.(1)


In this work, a high-efficiency controllable three-dimensional (3D) DNA nanomachine (CDNM) was reasonably developed by regulating the diameter of the core and the length of the DNAzyme cantilever, which acquired greater amplification efficiency and speedier walking rate than traditional 3D DNA nanomachines with gold nanoparticles as the cores and DNAzymes as the walking arms. Significantly, once the target miRNA-21 existed, a large number of silent DNAzymes on the CDNM could be activated by enzyme-free-target-recycling amplification (EFTRA) to achieve fast cleavage and walking on the biosensor surface under the interaction of Mg2+. Impressively, when the diameter of the core was 40 nm and the length of the DNAzyme cantilever was 5 nm (15 bp), the CDNM could complete the reaction process in 60 min that was at least twice shorter than those of conventional DNA nanomachines. Moreover, the designed electrochemical biosensor successfully detected target miRNA-21 at an ultrasensitive level with a wide response range (100 aM to 1 nM) and a low detection limit (33.1 aM). Therefore, the developed CDNM provides a new idea for exploring functional DNA nanomachines in the field of biosensing for applications.


THIS PAPER was written in the belief that our most important task at this time is to evaluate, critically, some basic casework problems and practices in work with the aging and to discuss frankly some of our conceptual differences. The essential characteristics of casework with the aging, and the similarities and differences between casework with the aging and other types of casework practice, have been discussed in previous conferences, such as the Seminar on the Aging held at Aspen, Colorado, in 1958. I have reported my own views elsewhere and I shall not repeat them here.' What is needed is for us to examine a number of basic issues that emerge from our actual experience in serving aging persons. I should like to present, therefore, some of these issues that need our earnest consideration.


AbstractConsider a linear model with targeted parameters τ. We derive a necessary and sufficient condition on the matrix M for the average variance of functions
$\widehat {{M_\tau}}$
Mτ^ to be proportional to the A value for comparing designs. This establishes the full range of interpretations of the A criterion.


We describe an experiment in the use of domain-speciic embedded languages for program generation. Speciically, we describe how the processor for the language JR has been built by embedding program generators in Standard ML. The processor is built from four program generators: a lexer generator, a parser generator, an abstract syntax generator, and an abstract syntax tree translation generator. We discuss the speciications given in these embedded languages as well as their implementation. In particular, we show that using the embedded language approach leads to powerful languages at relatively low cost.


This paper describes the first cycle of an action research project addressing severe communication disabilities in context. Aspects of selected African cultures are being explored as resources in supporting inclusive environments for children with severe communication disabilities. The specific cycle documented here was completed in rural Botswana. This single case study is representative of several, similar cases where collaborative problem-solving with primary caregivers of children with severe communication disabilities (resulting from Cerebral Palsy) overcame the limitations of 'conventional' western communication interventions for these children. Culturally specific non-verbal communication and contextual elements of Setswana culture were identified, enabling the communicative participation of young children with severe communication disabilities in their specific social and cultural geography. Implications are indicated for clinical practice, service delivery in communication interventions and general community based rehabilitation programmes. Research implications include the need for more participative methodologies in developing contexts and the need to address communicative participation across disciplines.


The ever-increasing size and complexity of large distributed systems makes management of such systems very di cult. This thesis describes a novel policy notation supported by a policy service which permits exible evolution of the management system. Policies de ne the overall strategy of the management system and hence in uence its behaviour. The policies are interpreted by management agents and so can be easily modi ed or changed without shutting down or reprogramming the agents. Obligation policies specify what activities a manager must perform, and authorisation policies specify what activities a manager is permitted to do. The policy service enables policies to be speci ed independent of the distributed agents which interpret them, thus enabling dynamic change of policies and reuse of these agents with di erent policies. Graphical tools are provided for specifying and interactively manipulating policies. The policy notation can be used to express both high-level (abstract) and more re ned low-level (concrete) policies, and support is provided for specifying and maintaining a hierarchical re nement relationship between policies. Examples given in the thesis demonstrate that the notation is widely applicable, to areas such as network management (e.g. tra c control), service management (e.g. printing) and security (access control). Policies are represented as objects which specify relationships between subjects (managers) and targets (managed objects). Domains are used to group objects to which a policy applies. A policy is speci ed in terms of subject and target domain scope expressions, with the policy applying between all objects in the resulting sets, thus obviating the need to specify separate policies for individual objects. Changes in domain membership dynamically a ect the set of objects to which the policies apply. Policies can have constraints limiting their applicability. Policy objects themselves can have policies speci ed about them, so that, for instance, authorisation policies can be used to control access to policy objects. The policy service, tools and interpreters are implemented using the CORBA distributed platform and Tcl/Tk interpreted graphical environment. 1 Statement of Contribution The policy service of this thesis ts within a management architecture which is described in Chapter 5. The components of this architecture constitute original contributions of this thesis with the exception of the domain service, which was due to Kevin Twidle and primarily implemented by Halldor Foss a, the monitoring service (Mansouri-Samani and Sloman, 1995) and the authentication and access control agents implementing authorisation policies. The policy notation introduced in this thesis draws upon previous work (Sloman et al., 1992) which informally described policy attributes. This thesis develops these ideas and gives a precise de nition of these attributes and a notation for expressing policies. The notation here introduces features such as labels, a practical syntactic means of expression, comments for expressing abstract policies, and exceptions for handling unforeseen circumstances. In addition, support is included for representing the policy re nement hierarchy within the notation. Furthermore, an e ort is made to formalise the semantics of the notation. The notation makes use of domain scope expressions (Sloman and Mo ett, 1989) and its triggers are a subset of GEM (MansouriSamani and Sloman, 1995). The implementational aspects of this thesis consist of the maps policy server, the pled policy editor and the obliman obligation policy interpreter. Each of these interact with the domain server of Halldor Foss a. In addition they utilise various Tcl/Tk extensions. 2 Acknowledgements I am most appreciative of my supervisor Professor Morris Sloman for his suggestions, guidance, constructive criticism and endless e orts without which this thesis would not have been possible. I am very grateful to Nikolaos Yialelis, Emil Lupu and Masoud MansouriSamani for many fruitful discussions and sharing of ideas. Thank you to Hal Foss a for his assistance with many implementational matters. My thanks go to my o ce mates, Douglas Donaldson, Christos Karamanolis, Kaveh Moazami-Goudarzi, Stephen Morris and Mark Nuttal for their day to day support. Similarly, thank you to Paris Bayias, Paul Dias, Dimitra Giannakopolou, Celso Hirata, Ulf Leonhardt, Nabor das Chagas Mendonca, Keng Ng, Fox Wai Leung Poon, Nat Pryce, Thanwadee Thanitsukkarn, Kevin Twidle and Andrea Zisman. I also wish to thank all members of the Distributed Software Engineering Section for providing a friendly environment conducive to research. I gratefully acknowledge the nancial support of DSTO, Australia for a Research Scientist Cadetship, and the encouragement of Dr Mark Anderson. 3 To my parents, Margaret and Len


Previously we reported that the G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) agonist thrombin potentiated the mitogenic effect of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on human airway smooth muscle (ASM) by promoting sustained late‐phase activation of PI3K and p70S6K via a pathway dependent on Gβγ subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. Here, we provide additional mechanistic insight and reveal the robustness of this phenomenon by demonstrating that H1 histamine and thromboxane receptors utilize the same mechanism to augment ASM growth via specific activation of the heterotrimeric G protein Gq/11. Thrombin, histamine, and U46619 all enhanced EGF‐stimulated [3H]‐thymidine incorporation as well as late‐phase Akt and p70S6K phosphorylation in ASM cultures. Heterologous expression of Gβγ sequestrants (GRK2CT‐GFP or GαiG203A), as well as GRK2NT‐GFP (an RGS protein for Gq/11) but neither p115RhoGEFRGS‐GFP (an RGS for G12/13) nor pertussis toxin pretreatment (inactivating Gi/o), attenuated the effects on both signaling and growth. Inhibition of Rho, Rho kinase, or Src, or modulation of arrestin expression did not significantly affect the cooperative signaling by EGF and any of the GPCR agonists. Thus, Gq/11‐coupled receptors are the principal GPCR subfamily mediating cooperative mitogenic signaling in ASM, acting through Gβγ‐dependent, and Src/arrestin‐independent activation of PI3K and p70S6K.—Kong, K. C., Billington, C. K., Gandhi, U., Panettieri, R. A., Penn, R. B. Cooperative mitogenic signaling by G protein‐coupled receptors and growth factors is dependent on Gq/11. FASEB J. 20, E880–E887 (2006)


Abstract— The fluoroquinolone antibiotics can induce skin photosensitivity in some patients and this has been ascribed to the generation of reactive oxygen species, such as singlet oxygen (O2[1Δg]). We have studied the photochemical properties of the different ionized forms of the fluoroquinolone norfloxacin upon complexation with Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions, as it is proposed that the antibiotic exists mainly as a complex in the blood plasma. We found that the norfloxacin cation (pH < 6) shows no photodegradation after UVA irradiation and has a low quantum yield of O2(1Δg) generation. The norfloxacin cation does not complex. Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions; when these ions are added to the solution, we observed no changes in the fluorescence quantum yields (φflu) and singlet oxygen yields (φΔ). In contrast, the neutral (6 ± pH > 8.5) and anionic (pH > 9) forms of norfloxacin are able to complex calcium and magnesium, and their generation of O2 (1Δg) is decreased by complexation. The neutral zwitterionic form and the anionic form also quench singlet oxygen by both chemical and physical pathways regardless of complex formation, while physical quenching is observed for the cation. At pH > 7.4, norfloxacin photobleaches and complexation to Ca2+ and Mg2+ increases the rate at which photobleaching occurs. Thus, both the pH of the medium and complexation with metal cations may affect the phototoxic potential of this antibiotic.


The Japanese banking main impetus system has been greatly admired due to the Japanese economic miracle,and later criticized because the Japanese economy delayed and failed to recover owing to institutional barriers.From the perspective of new institutional economics,according to the viewpoint of Masahiko Aoki about balanced institutional gaming,conclusion is made that adaptation of the main impetus banking system to the changing economic environment is in-efficient.Then a deep-rooted explanation is made by using the theory of institutional change with the principle of path-dependent for such a case of in-efficiency,holding that only the introduction of fair competition can shift of banking main impetus system be achieved.


To deal with the worse extendibility of the traditional VPN in ISP MAN,the paper plans and designs a MPLS VPN model based on IP MAN with MPLS techniques.By theoretical analysis and testing of LSP tunnel and route-tracing,it proves that MPLS VPN based on IP MAN is easy to extend,thus the ubiquitous ■ problem of extendibility in traditional overlay-VPN has been solved,and the complication of the network management of user and ISP has also been reduced.


Although deep learning has become state of the art for numerous tasks, it remains untouched for many specialized domains. High stake environments such as medical settings pose more challenges due to trust and safety issues for deep learning algorithms. In this work, we propose to address these issues by evaluating the performance and explanability of a Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) model for the task of medical image protocol assignment. Specifically, we evaluate the performance and explainability on this medical image protocol classification task by fine tuning a pre-trained BERT model and measuring the word importance by attributing the classification output to every word through a gradient based method. We then have a trained radiologist review the resulting word importance scores and assess the validity of the model decision-making process in comparison to that of a human. Our results indicate that the BERT model is able to identify relevant words that are highly indicative of the target protocol. Furthermore, through the analysis of important words in misclassifications, we are able to reveal potential systematic errors in the model that may be addressed to improve its safety and suitability for use in a clinical setting.


To determine whether the precatheterization clinical data in patients with chest pain could be used to discriminate patients with normal coronary arteries (NCA) from those with coronary artery disease, the authors compared 125 con secutive patients with < 30% stenosis of all major coronary arteries and 125 patients with > 60% stenosis of one or more major coronary arteries. Clinical characteristics that occurred more frequently in patients with NCA were: non exertional pain, pain to the left of the sternum, sharp pain, associated palpita tions, absence of typical relief with sublingual nitroglycerin, pain commencing less than one week or more than ten years prior to coronary angiography, a normal electrocardiogram, and negative results from a treadmill stress test or from thallium scintigraphy. However, none of these clinical features, either sin gly or in combination, could be used to identify the patients with NCA with certainty.


Giardiasis is a Public Health problem considered to be associated to pets worldwide, although there is little information on infection frequency in Brazil. The most common clinical sign of the infection is diarrhea, although not all infected animals show the classical clinical sign. To detect the frequency of Giardia spp. cyst shedding among domestic cats from Rio de Janeiro, 208 fecal samples were tested and 28,4% were positive. Females and males were similarly infected, although adults were infected in higher frequency than kittens and young cats. Even though 23,2% of the diarrheic samples were positive, there was no association between cyst shedding and diarrhea. The frequency of cyst shedding among the examined samples indicates the presence of the parasite in the environment where the cats circulate, showing that the agglomeration of animals in the same place favors the parasites dissemination, mainly the ones that present parasitic forms (resistance forms), shed along with feces and, therefore of difficult control.


This paper presents a simulation of PV system (PV panel, boost inverter and a resistance load) using M-file of MATLAB, To prove the efficiency of this system we applied two method of MPPT in the global algorithm, one classical and the other one is intelligent: the first one is called Perturbation and observation (P&O) used in stand-alone places or in simple installation and the later is based on sliding mode, this method is used when we need a large installation. The different steps of the design of these controllers are presented together with its simulation. The performance comparison between sliding mode controller and P&O controller has been carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of sliding mode controller to draw much energy and a fast response against change in working conditions. In this paper the understanding and the good modeling of any system allowed us to create an algorithm which is applied in any programming software in our case M-file of MATLAB, the use of M-file presents many advantages like a short time of simulation.


The development of quarry management and monitoring system with systematic modelling and architecture is a valuable and attentive solution to assure the management of dynamic environmental data object to be more reachable and expandable to various domains. The simplified but comprehensive dataset is applicable for excellent and expanded analysis as require by the domain experts for better decision making. This research attempts to establish the modelling of environmental quarry components which are particles, vibration and noise (PVN) and the relationship and connectivity into another form of environmental digital objects (EDOs). This research aims to develop an exclusive quarry management and monitoring system (EQMMS) that utilized a new integrated environmental digital object model (iEDO). This model allows sharing and manipulating information with a knowledge discovery through related objects in the environment to produce new integrated EDOs. During site visit, observations and discussions with experts have discovered that environment data is confined to the local format and requirements. This study involves three main quarry components and formula representation which are applied in the computational model for environment quality measurements in Malaysia quarry industry and can used in future related research.


Purpose. To draw the attention of specialists to the question of incidence of catheterassociated and catheter-induced thrombosis in patients in intensive care units. To assess methods of visualization and monitoring of the great veins state using ultrasound. To evaluate various links in the pathogenesis of thrombus formation and the possibilities of prevention and treatment. Materials and methods. More than 3500 ultrasound examinations have been performed in over 850 patients, both in the ICU and after the transfer of patients to specialized departments. The study included children aged from 1,5 months to 18 and adults, with one or more central venous catheters (CVCs). In the absence of contraindications, patients received prophylactic anticoagulant therapy (heparin at a dose of 50-100 U/kg/day). Ultrasound was performed with a frequency of 4 to 85 times in one patient, depending on the detection and severity of CAT. The studies were carried out in B-mode using color and/or energy mapping on ultrasound scanners Philips HD 11 (Philips, USA), SonoSite MicroMaxx (USA), Logiq E8 (GE, USA), Mindrey M 7 (Mindrey, China), Samsung HM 70 (Samsung, South Korea) using linear multi-frequency sensors 10-16 MHz. The patients underwent a complex ultrasound examination of the superior or inferior vena cava (depending on the assumed main vein thrombosis (TMV) localization), as well as the main veins of the extremities. Conclusions. The multifactorial nature of TMV development in ICU patients requires increased alertness to this complication, which necessitates ultrasound monitoring of the great veins in patients in intensive care units with installed CVCs. It should be noted that, despite the ongoing prophylaxis of TMV (including the use of anticoagulants), there is still a high risk of their development.


Timeseries management systems play an important role in IoT and performance monitoring. As the data volume scales up, absorbing data memory efficiently with high throughput becomes a growing requirement for timeseries management systems. However, the designs of the existing systems, especially the in-memory data structures, suffer from two issues. First, they suffer from the trade-off between memory efficiency and performance. Second, they are not scalable because of lock contention where they cannot benefit from parallel insertion and querying. In this paper, we propose ForestTI, a scalable inverted-index-oriented timeseries management system where the balance point between memory efficiency and performance can be flexibly adjusted under the increasing memory pressure. First, we present a two-level inverted index, which is scalable with optimistic lock coupling, and its internal structure can be gradually converted to more memory efficient representations. Second, we propose a two-level pointer swizzling mechanism to actively swap out the cold posting lists and in-memory timeseries objects as the number of timeseries increases. Finally, we further optimize the on-disk data structures (i.e. write-ahead logs and LSM-tree) to adapt to the high insertion throughput from the in-memory components. We prototype ForestTI with C++ from scratch, and compared to the storage engine of Prometheus, ForestTI achieves 1.79x higher insertion throughput, 52.1% lower query latency, and 56.9% lower memory occupation. We have released the open-source code of ForestTI for public access.


We study electron transport in a GaAs/(AlGa)As superlattice with a magnetic field applied at an angle θ to the superlattice axis. Solving quantum transport equations derived from a non-equilibrium Green's function method, we simulate the velocity-field curves of the superlattice. These curves show interesting similarities with those measured experimentally and those calculated using a semi-classical model.


Following previous reports on the co-operation between a chiropractor and a central hospital, experiences from the past five years are presented. The objective of this paper is to show that improved management of muscular and skeletal problems within a hospital setting depends on the availability of chiropractic health care as a treatment option. The following pain groups were sampled: 1) sacro-lumbar dysfunction and sciatic leg symptoms, with or without joint dysfunction and sciatica; 2) myo-fascial referred pain syndromes, frequently caused by peripheral nerve entrapment; and 3) tinnitus, dizziness/vertigo, facial pain, ear plug and swallowing difficulties, frequently caused by biomechanical components. A majority of pain patients, after being subjected to traditional conservative treatment, usually over a period of several years, fail to return to work despite younger than average age. The only effective procedures seem to be those of chiropractors. In order to benefit from their particular knowledge, public hospitals need to open their doors to chiropractors. For that to happen, determined hospital administrators are needed.


Land surface schemes (LSSs) represent the interface between land surface and the atmosphere in general circulation models (GCMs). Errors in LSS‐simulated heat and moisture fluxes can result from inadequate representation of hydrological features and the derivation of effective surface parameters for large heterogeneous GCM gridboxes from small‐scale observations. Previous assessments of LSS performance have generally compared simulated heat and moisture fluxes to observations over a defined experimental domain for a limited period. A different approach has been evaluated in this study, which uses a fine‐resolution calibrated hydrological model of the study basin to provide a quasi‐observed runoff series for direct comparison with simulated runoff from a selected LSS at GCM scale. The approach is tested on two GCM gridboxes covering two contrasting regions within the Nile Basin. Performance is mixed; output from the LSS is generally compatible with that of the fine‐resolution model for one gridbox while it cannot reproduce the runoff dynamics for the other. The results also demonstrate the high sensitivity of runoff and evapotranspiration to radiation and precipitation inputs and show the importance of subtle issues such as temporal disaggregation of climatic inputs. We conclude that the use of a fine‐resolution calibrated model to evaluate a LSS has several advantages, can be generalized to other areas to improve the performance of global models and provides useful data that can be used to constrain LSS parameterizations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


"A long habit of not thinking a thing wrong, gives it a superficial appearance ofbeing right, and raises at first a formidable outcry in defense of custom. But thetumult soon subsides. Time makes more converts than reason." Thomas Paine1 Common Sense,1776. This seems to also apply in(NSAIDs) wide spread use nowadays. These are one of themost widely prescribed drugs. NSAIDs improve mobility and quality of life and2 delay the need for opiates and strong analgesics with dependency properties. The take home message is that lowest effective dose of NSAIDs should be usedfor the shortest period of time. Incase of chronic pain consider as required dosingDepartment of Cardiology, LadyReading Hospital, Peshawar, PakistanAddress for Correspondence:Dr. Adnan Mahmood Gul,Associate Professor,Department of Cardiology, LadyReading Hospital, Peshawar, PakistanEmail: firstname.lastname@example.com ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS -NO MORE SAFE FOR CARDIAC PATIENTSThis article may be cited as: Gul AM.Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugsnomore safe for cardiac patients. PakHeart J 2015;48(01): 1-2.and review regularly. Advise patient regarding potential side effects and do what you can to minimise risks. Monitor BP, renalfunction and liver function in those on long term NSAID use and to avoid NSAIDs in patients with CAD and those multiple CV riskfactors.


this paper presents the design and implementation of RF remote temperature speed controlled Fan. Most of the fans installed at home and offices are operated manually and physically challenged persons find it stressful to control the fan operating at a distance around them. Also, at night people find it difficult to wake up to reduce the speed or to switch ON/OFF the fan while they lie on the bed. This issue has called for serious concern and Radio Frequency (RF) remote temperature speed controlled fan is considered and developed. The system will enable the physically challenged persons or individual at night/day to control the speed of fan operating around them without moving close. The system has transmitter and receiver units. The transmitter unit is the RF remote device which enables the operator to adjust the speed of the fan. The receiver unit attached to the body of the fan receives the RF signal and controls the fan speed as selected by the user. When installed, the temperature sensor in the receiver unit reads the room temperature automatically and regulates the speed of the fan. If the room temperature increases, the speed of the fan will also increase. The fan operates in two modes namely manual and automatic. In the manual mode, the speed of the fan is regulated by the user by using the RF remote device whereas, in the automatic mode, the receiver control unit controls the speed of the fan with respect to the current room temperature sensed. The fan is designed to switch off when temperature drops below a set-point, in order to conserve energy


The present invention includes a real-time wide-angle image correction system and method for alleviating distortion and recognition problems in an image taken by a wide-angle camera. In general, the real-time wide-angle image correction method generates a warp table from the pixel coordinates of the wide-angle image, and applies the warp table to the wide-angle image to generate a corrected wide-angle image. This correction is performed using an intermediary class of the Spatially Varying Uniform (SVU) scaling function. It is used to perform vertical scaling and horizontal scaling in SVU scaling functions and scaling factors and wide angle image pixel coordinates. Horizontal distortion correction is performed using at least two different scaling factors and the SVU scaling function. This process generates a warp table that can be applied to the wide angle image to provide a corrected wide angle image. Wide angle image, scaling, warping, warp table


The main purposes of this study were eliciting the planning contents and indices that is necessary to consider the physical part of public space, the side of service users and coherent side for improving public service. After then it analyzed the importance in both civil servants and practical officials side. For this public space planning topics and indicators by FGI (Focus Group Interview) derived through and through expert questionnaires Analytic hierarchy (AHP: Analytic Hierachy Process) were analyzed by conducting importance. A result, the priority of public space as a park planning index was found in the case of privately owned public space, public pedestrian pathways, public open space, public facilities land, the park is located, and the most important characteristics of the road, if the public transport association the most important thing is derived. In order to enhance the public good public space and location for easy access to the consideration of whether the plan should be. Therefore this work will be the fundamental materials to make some of farther policies related with the development of public interest of private-public spaces.


This paper gives brief description of new technique and new methods applied in construction survey for headrace tunnel at Shiziping hydropower station.In controlling survey and construction survey in tunnel,new technique and new methods are adequately used according to strict criterion and advanced total station and its supporting facilities so as to complete construction tasks perfectly and improve work efficiency.


This investigation is concerned with the scheme of music
in operation at The Hutt Valley Memorial Technical College.
Inquiries were made from all the pupils of this college in
May 1946. Although the main emphasis has been laid, in this
investigation, on the instrumental side of the school music,
the choral aspect has not been overlooked, as every pupil has
class-singing lessons in school time, and a uniform programme
is determined for this, for the whole school by the Director o
Music, there was no need to gain information about it from the
pupils. All relevant material regarding the choral aspect ,
e.g. Timetables, Board reports and personal observations, was
readily accessible.


A survey of the expectations of physical education teachers, classroom colleagues, head teachers and pupils in 13 non‐selective urban schools serving one college of education, and of students atten...


Fortunately for designers holography is cramped with incredible techniques that describe spatial dimensions, but getting to grips with these techniques can prove a design visualization nightmare unless some prior knowledge of the process is held. To the detriment of display holography, it is becoming increasingly difficult to acquire these skills as many universities and colleges of higher education, such as The Royal College of Art in London, have shortsightedly withdrawn holography from their curriculum. As a student from The Royal College of Art Holography Unit, I had the great advantage of some of the finest holographic training and insight from the teachings of Peter Miller, Robert Munday and Nick Phillips and count myself fortunate that I now make a living from designing and making holograms. However, the evolution of a holographic designer is something that can not be taught in any school or college as evolution is the experience of survival. I would therefore like to take this opportunity to offer a few common sense tips to designers treading a similar path to my own.


Information on instruments, the platforms that carried them, and the data they gathered is presented. Instrument selection was confined to detectors operating in the 0.20 to 300 keV range. Included are brief descriptions of the spacecraft, experiment packages and missions. Cross-referenced indexes are provided for types of instruments, energy ranges, time spans covered, positional catalogs and observational catalogs. Data sets from these experiments (NSSDC) are described.


Mobile innovations have been seen as one of the success stories of 'base of the pyramid' (BOP) business models. Nevertheless, deeper analysis of their commercial scalability has been lacking. This article focuses on the Information and Telecommunications (ICT) and mobile boom in Kenya, which is a major economic driver in the whole country. The article describes how social needs are seen as a basis for innovating technological solutions and what strategies are used to make them commercially viable. The article is based on empirical data on the Kenyan mobile industry where companies are designing socially oriented technological innovations for low-end consumers. This research contributes to the ongoing discussion on successful BOP entrepreneurial models and innovations.


Background The patient assessment of chronic illness care (PACIC) is a promising instrument to evaluate the chronic care experiences of patients, yet additional validation is needed to improve its usefulness. Methods A total of 1941 patients with diabetes completed the questionnaire. Reliability coefficients and factor analyses were used to psychometrically test the PACIC and PACIC+ (i.e. PACIC extended with six additional multidisciplinary team functioning items to improve content validity). Intra-class correlations were computed to identify the extent to which variation in scores can be attributed to GP practices. Results The PACIC and PACIC+ showed a good psychometric quality (Cronbach's alpha's >0.9). Explorative factor analyses showed inconclusive results. Confirmative factor analysis showed that none of the factor structures had an acceptable fit (RMSEA>0.10). In addition, 5.1 to 5.4% of the total variation was identified at the GP practice level. Conclusion The PACIC and PACIC+ are reliable instruments to measure the chronic care management experiences of patients. The PACIC+ is preferred because it also includes multidisciplinary coordination and cooperation—one of the central pillars of chronic care management—with good psychometric quality. Previously identified subscales should be used with caution. Both PACIC instruments are useful in identifying GP practice variation.


The paper introduces a process of producing lanthanum metal in 2000A graphite electrolysing pot surrounded by iron shell,and producing lanthanum metal by electrolysing lanthanum oxide in fluoride melting salt.Determining the life of pot,through a observation for production,and a counting for the total working hours of pot,,at the same time,collecting some data of 9 pots and analysing these data.