Objective: This work was designed to investigate the effect of Vitamin E and the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on neurotoxicity induced by doxorubicin (DOX) in rats.Methods: Forty-nine adult Albino rats of both sexes were utilized in this study; animals were randomly enrolled into seven groups of seven animals each. Group I: Control (rats administered corn oil); Group II: Vitamin E at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks; Group III: CoQ10 at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day for 3 weeks; Group IV: DOX (2.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally (IP) injected every other day for 2 weeks; Group V: Vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day) orally administered for 3 weeks prior to a DOX 2.5 mg/kg IP injected every other day for 2 weeks; Group VI: CoQ10 (50 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks orally administered prior to an IP dose of DOX 2.5 mg/kg every other day for 2 weeks; and Group VII: CoQ10 (50 mg/kg/day), Vitamin E (100 mg/kg) for 3 weeks orally administered prior to an IP dose of DOX 2.5 mg/kg every other day for 2 weeks. Twenty-four hour after the end of the treatment duration, brain of each animal was excised and part of it to be utilized to prepare homogenate for the estimation of caspase-3 (CASP-3), and the remaining part is used for immunohistochemistry examination and to estimate the percent of apoptotic index by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay.Results: Vitamin E and CoQ10 significantly (p<0.05) reduced CASP-3, reduced the percent apoptotic index of TUNEL-assay, and there was an improvement in the immunohistochemistry of rats' brain in Groups V, Group VI, and group VII by reducing number of apoptotic cells compared to Group IV.Conclusion: Both Vitamin E and CoQ10 may have a protective effect against DOX-induced neurotoxicity in rats.


In what follows, sixteen theses are set forth and developed, suggesting that evangelical preaching finds itself now in a quite new cultural, epistemological context. (1) Ours is a changed preaching situation, because the old modes of church absolutes are no longer trusted. It is not that the church's theological absolutes are no longer trusted, but that the old modes in which those absolutes have been articulated are increasingly suspect and dysfunctional. That is because our old modes are increasingly regarded as patriarchal, hierarchic, authoritarian, and monologic. The mistrust that flies under all these adjectives, however, is due to a growing suspicion about the linkage between knowledge and power. The mistrust of conventional authority, now broad and deep in our society, is rooted in the failure of positivism, positivism that is scientific, political, or theological. Many are increasingly aware that "absolute knowledge" most characteristically means agreement of all those permitted in the room. Such "absolutism" in "truth," moreover, characteristically has pretensions to "absolute power" as well, surely an adequate reason for suspicion. Those at the margins of dominating knowledge will no longer permit the practitioners of dominating power to be supervisors of absolute knowledge. (2) Along with the failure of old modes of articulation, we now face the inadequacy of historical-critical understanding of the biblical text as it has been conventionally practiced.


This chapter presents a discussion on the morphology of the ionosphere. It begins with the analysis of synoptic variations in the ionosphere together with the spatiotemporal variations of the critical frequency of its individual layers. Models for the ionospheric layers are also dealt with including the D region and the sporadic E and spread F layers. Finally, electron and ion temperature structures of the ionosphere are discussed.


The total flavones of Sea buckthorn has been discovered to have many kinds of pharmacological action,such as antioxidant,antibacterial,falls the blood fats and so on.In this study,the total flavones was extracted by high voltage pulsed electric field from marc of Sea buckthorn.Single factor examination and response surface analysis experiments were used to investigate the effects of electric field intensity,pulse number,material to liquid ratio on the extraction of the total flavones of Sea buckthorn.The results showed that the optimal process parameters for this method were:the electric field intensity of 20.0kV/cm,pulse frequency of 10,material to liquid ratio of 1∶15.The optimized total flavones extraction yield was 10.23mg/g.Compared with alkali extraction acid precipitation and ultrasonic extraction,extraction rate increased by 42% and 19%,respectively.A predictive polynomial quadratic equation model was developed by solving the quadratic equation and analyzing the response surface plots.The predicted values were in good agreement with the experimental results.


Solid phase epitaxial (SPE) recrystallization of amorphous Si on a Si(001) substrate was examined by large-scale (6144–129024 Si atoms), long-time (up to 2000 ns) molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations using the empirical Tersoff interatomic potential. We particularly focused on the effects of the MD cell size, simulation time, and ensemble on the SPE growth rate. We found that the simulations under the isothermal–isochoric conditions (NVT ensemble) show a higher crystallization rate than those under the isothermal–isobaric conditions (NPT ensemble). The system size dealt with in the present MD simulation, i.e., >6144 Si atoms, was enough to estimate the SPE growth rate. The Arrhenius plot of the growth rate between 1300 and 1600 K exhibited a single activation energy, ∼2.4 eV, which is in agreement with the experimental value (∼2.7 eV). However, the growth rate at temperatures below 1300 K deviated from the extrapolated ones from 1300 to 1600 K, which is because recrystallization does not reach a steady state: long-time MD simulations are required to estimate the growth rate at low temperature. The structure analysis of amorphous/crystalline interfaces suggested that the braking of atomic bonds parallel to the interface becomes a rate-limiting step of the SPE growth.


approved: R. H. Waring In a mountainous region of southwestern Oregon where temperature, moisture and nutritional status of forest communities have already been classified, the influence of tight upon conifer growth and plant distribution was investigated. Light, measured in calories cm day' (400-700 nm) during clear summer days was used as an index to the yearly light environment. An ozalid integration technique, highly correlated with spectroradiometer data, was employed. Multiple regression was employed to evaluate sije variables affecting growth. Results indicated that Shasta red and white fir occurred at lower light levels than Douglas-fir; at intermediate intensities Douglas-fir leader elongation was greater thar either true fir, suggesting that it could compete successfully in thinned stands. All investigated conifers grew best at the highest light levels recordecL indicating that once established, exposed trees have at advantage. Several herbaceous plants appeared useful as indicators of low or high light regimes, but most plant species occurred across the complete light gradient. Conifer Growth and Plant Distribution Under Different Light Environments in the Siskiyou Mountains of Southwestern Oregon


In brain computer interface (BCI) system, the most important part is classification of human thoughts in order to translate into commands. The more accuracy result in classification the system gets, the more effective BCI system is. To increase the quality of BCI system, we proposed to reduce noise and artifact from the recording data to analyzing data. We used auditory stimuli instead of visual ones to eliminate the eye movement, unwanted visual activation, gaze control. We applied independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm to purify the sources which constructed the raw signals. One of the most famous spatial filter in BCI context is common spatial patterns (CSP), which maximize one class while minimize the other by using covariance matrix. ICA and CSP also do the filter job, as a raw filter and refinement, which increase the classification result of linear discriminant analysis (LDA).


The thesis aims to reconstruct the conceptual framework and that it has come to devise following the repeal of the law n.1369/1960 concerning the interposition of labor, as well as the contemporary expansion of joint liability of the buyer of a tender contract for work or services under the provisions of art. 29, Legislative Decree n. 276/2003.
In the perspective of giving special attention to the system of joint and several liability in tender contracts the author describes, in the first chapter, all cases of joint and several liability in the Italian Civil Code with the intent to establish a common base in all cases examined.
In the second chapter we analyze the evolution of the art. 29, Legislative Decree n. 276/2003 and the many changes that this standard has had to endure, extending the analysis to social insurance contribution and tax, as well as the rules on the health and safety of workers.
The third chapter analyzes the critical aspects of joint and several liability in tender contracts, the issue of succession in the contract by a new contractor to that of the compatibility of social clauses with European law through the derogation to that scheme by the collective bargaining, the simulation assumptions of tender contracts, without neglecting to analyze the scope of joint liability in art. 29 , Legislative Decree n. 276/2003 also to other cases adjacent negotiating. The analysis concludes, then, with the refutation doctrinal opinion according to which the outsourcing business achieved through procurement contracts would lead to the onset of hypotheses of joint employment doctrine.


Process for destroying containers extinguishers and recovery of its components and installation for its realization. The process comprises the steps of collecting container (7), transporting the container to the operating zone (2, 4) corresponding positioning vertical container (7), severing the top of the container, removal of the top cut and deposit a debris collection emptying powder contained in the corresponding collector and transporting the container to a waste collector body. The installation comprises a device (1) packaging supply extinguishers, an area repositioning containers; at least one operating area (2, 4) of the container of the extinguisher; at least one zone (3, 5, 6) and removal of the extracted components; and at least one transport device packaging area to area.


Visible Light Positioning (VLP) is an exciting new technology that has the potential to provide indoor positioning in a myriad of applications. Typically, VLP uses LED luminaires for positioning beacons and, like other positioning technologies, there is a requirement that sufficient beacons are available in the field of view (FOV) for triangulation. This can be challenging in many environments due to the luminaire placement and size. In this paper we investigate the use of luminaire reference points (LRPs) and hybrid imaging-photodiode (HIP) receivers to improve the reliability and robustness of VLP. LRPs are precisely defined points on a luminaire that can be recognised by the imaging sensor in a HIP receiver. We show that, by associating multiple LRPs with a single luminaire, it is possible to achieve positioning when only one luminaire is in the FOV of the receiver. We demonstrate, using the geometric dilution of precision, that low positioning errors can be achieved even when luminaire geometry and spacing is non-ideal.


Proton n.m.r. (500 MHz) and optical spectral studies have been made on the six-co-ordinated high-spin iron(II) haem [FeL(thf)2](L = 3,7,12,17-tetramethyl-8,13-divinylporphyrin-2,18-dipropionate, thf = tetrahydrofuran) encapsulated in aqueous hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide micelles. The results are compared with those of the five-co-ordinated high-spin iron(II) haem reported previously. The optical spectrum of the six-co-ordinated species show the Soret band at 415 nm and two other bands at 540 and 564 nm, while for the five-co-ordinated species the Soret band shifts to longer wavelength and a single broad band at 555 nm was obtained. The n.m.r. spectra show a larger downfield shift for the methyl- and meso-proton resonances and a smaller spread of the four methyl resonances for the six-co-ordinated complex as compared to those of five-co-ordinated high-spin haems.


The reaction kinetic of drawing Al from high explosive of TNT/RDX/Al was approached using shrinking unreacted core model.The effect of temperature,concentration and size of explosive on reaction speed was investigated.The results show that the leaching process of drawing Al meets kinetic equation g(x)=1-(1-x)1/3=k t.The leaching kinetic is controlled by chemical reaction,and activation energy is 42.392 kJ/mol.Regression analysis was applied based on theory model,finding that apparent reaction speed is linear with regards to the concentration of H2SO4(C0) and the size of explosive(1/r20).


The test system for the large new copper smelter should be designed and constructed at the same time with the plant's main project.The paper discusses the important design issues of test system for large copper smelter,including management mode,integral deployment,water power supply,ventilation,safety and sanitation etc.It also puts forward the recommendations and points of the view for the problems of existing analysis laboratory.


Alkaline proteases are the most important group of industrial enzymes that hydrolyse the peptide bond of proteins into small peptides. The industrial demand of alkaline protease predominantly from the microbial origin has been recently increased and enhances the research for alkaline protease with high stability at extreme industrial conditions. Thus, this study is aimed to characterize the alkaline protease from bacterial isolate, Bacillus subtilis VBC7 screened from dairy waste dumped soil. Extracellular alkaline protease production was carried out in alkaline broth by submerged fermentation. The production medium with 10% ground nut extract at pH 10 and 40 °C enhanced the alkaline protease activity (712 U/mL) than other wastes such as coconut pulp extract and sesame seed extract. This optimized media increased the bacterial growth rate and activity of alkaline protease compared to the unsupplemented basal medium. Further, alkaline protease was partially purified and assessed their molecular weight (~30 k Da) in 12 % SDS -PAGE. The enzyme activity was observed at pH 10 and 40 °C and stable over a wide range of pH (5-12), and temperatures (10-70 °C). In addition, enzyme activity was stimulated in the presence of Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+ and was unpretentious after treating with surfactants (SDS, Triton X-100, Tween 80), organic solvents (ethanol, methanol, chloroform, acetone and hexane) and protease inhibitors (EDTA and β-mercaptoethanol). These compatible features could lead the enzyme as a potential candidate among the industrial sectors.


Who should attend this workshop? Please attend if you wish to extend your debriefing skills by learning to pay attention to the quality of your questioning techniques in combination with generative listening. Level Intermediate/advanced Background Whilst debriefing is a core skill of simulation, I find myself curious as to how often established 'debriefers' refresh or re-examine their skills. In coaching, we are encouraged to thoroughly reflect on the quality of our questions. We use a five-test technique that encourages us to consider aspects of the question including the intent and the ability to raise awareness(Bachkirova et al., 2011). There is also a commonly used questioning technique based on Grove's 'clean language'.2 The roles of debriefing include knowledge, skill or behavioural acquisition and to trigger the future adoption of these new acquisitions. The latter, often more challenging role, is the aspect that is enhanced most by coaching techniques. I am a qualified coach, team coach and now a supervisor of coaches; I hope to be able to share some techniques from these modalities. I have found the crossover of bringing techniques from coaching to enhance my debriefing invaluable. Intended learning outcomes At the end of this workshop participants will have: Considered whether/how to enhance their current debriefing practice An increased understanding of the complexity of asking quality questions An awareness of clean language An insight into the quality of their generative listening ability Structure of the workshop (session description) There will be a brief introduction to the theoretical knowledge that underpins the techniques (10 minutes). Most of the workshop will be dedicated to practising the new techniques. The delegates will work in groups of 3 (participant, 'debriefer', observer) using scenarios. Each delegate will rotate through each of the 3 roles (40 minutes). The scenarios will slightly increase in complexity as the workshop progresses and will tackle some participant issues such as lack of self awareness. The final section will offer an opportunity to reflect as a group, consider the challenges and share the learning (10 minutes). Educational Methods to be used Largely experiential References Bachkirova, T., Jackson, P. M., Clutterbuck, D. 2011. Coaching and mentoring supervision theory and practice, Maidenhead, McGraw-Hill/Open University Press. www.cleanlanguage.co.uk


Transition to the small incision surgery and the practice of cataract phacoemulsification and femtosecond-guided cataract phacoemulsification have contributed to the reduction of postoperative complications, however, despite this, there are some potentially dangerous sight problems that include infective endophthalmitis, toxic syndrome of the eye anterior segment, intraoperative suprachoroidoid hemorrhage, cystic macular edema, retinal detachment, persistent corneal edema and IOL dislocation. According to the study conducted in the UK, the overall frequency of complications following phacoemulsification was 8.7%. Complications that arise at any stage of the surgical intervention and after it have a negative impact on the immediate and remote functional outcomes of the treatment. Thus, the improvement of surgical treatment of age-related cataracts by studying the features and mechanisms of the development of postoperative edema in the central retinal zone, as well as the development of new methods for predicting this complication, is an urgent problem of ophthalmology. The aim of this study was to determine and differentiate the frequency and dynamics of intraoperative, early and late post-operative complications in various techniques of surgical treatment of age-related cataracts. Materials and methods. 558 patients (558 eyes) with cataracts participated in the examination and treatment. The first group consisted of 298 patients (298 eyes) who underwent standard phacoemulsification, and the second group involved 260 patients (260 eyes) who were performed on femtosecond-guided cataract phacoemulsification. The examination was carried out on the 1 day, and in 1, 3 6 and 12 months after cataract surgery. The use of femtosecond laser can reduce the rate of intraoperative, as well as early and late post-operative complications after the cataract removal.


Nucleic acid aptamers have been widely used as recognition elements on various biosensing interfaces. But quantitative kinetic/thermodynamic analysis for revealing the aptamer-ligand binding mechanism, which occurs on liquid-solid interface, has not been realized due to lack of usable biophysical tools. Herein we apply a resonant microcantilever sensor to continuously record the frequency-shift according to the binding induced mass change on the liquid-solid interface. The frequency-shift curve is used for tracing the reaction process and fitted with classic equations, to calculate a set of kinetic/thermodynamic parameters, such as rate constants (ka = 902.95 M-1 s-1, kd = 0.000141 s-1), equilibrium constants (KD = 1.55 µM), Gibbs free energy (△G°= -32.57 kJ/mol) and activation energy (Ea = 38.03 kJ/mol) for immobilized aptamer and free ATP. This quantitative analysis method is label-free, calibration-free, and highly sensitive. The kinetic/thermodynamic parameter detecting method provides a new resolution to in depth understanding of ligand-aptamer interaction on liquid-solid interface for biosensing or lab-on-chip applications.


Copyright © 2017 Massachusetts Medical Society. BACKGROUND Hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency is characterized by recurrent, unpredictable swelling episodes caused by uncontrolled plasma kallikrein generation and excessive bradykinin release resulting from cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen. Lanadelumab (DX-2930) is a new kallikrein inhibitor with the potential for prophylactic treatment of hereditary angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency.


Abstract The article presents the methodology of archaeological research on the hillfort in Chotyniec in south-eastern Poland. In addition to other elements, the research project included the discovery and examination of an object known as a zolnik. A zolnik is a unique object which functioned as a cult place where rituals took the form of communal feasts. Similar objects can be found among those located in the forest-steppe zone of Eastern Europe, which in the early Iron Age was influenced by the Scythian culture. The research methodology presented in the article deviates significantly from that used so far in relation to the investigation of zolniks. This is due to the focus on identifying the most complete spatial and functional context possible, as well as creating a permanent excavation documentation for further analysis and verification. Particular emphasis was placed on the accuracy and meticulousness of documenting the discoveries, which would not have been possible without the application and implementation of spatial information systems. Due to its innovative nature, the article is also intended to start a discussion about the way in which the proposed change in the methods of zolnik examination translates into greater interpretation possibilities. This applies to both functional and chronological issues, which in turn leads to a fuller knowledge and reconstruction of these objects.


The implementation of holonomic quantum computation generally requires controllable and complicated interaction among addressable multi-level systems, which is challenging on superconducting circuit. Here, we propose a scalable architecture for non-adiabatic holonomic quantum computation on a circuit QED lattice with hybrid transmon and photon encoding of the logical qubits in a decoherence-free subspace. With proper driven on the transmon, we can obtain tunable resonate interaction between the transmon and each of the resonators, which leads to arbitrary single-qubit operation on the encoded logical qubit. Meanwhile, for a nontrivial two-qubit gate, we only need resonate interactions among the three resonators from the two logical qubits, which can be induced by commonly coupled to a grounding SQUID with ac magnetic driven. More importantly, our scheme is achieved with all resonate interactions among the involved elements, and thus leads to quantum gates with very high fidelity. Therefore, our scheme opens up the possibility of realizing high fidelity universal holonomic quantum computation in solid-state system.


The first Tertiary leaf mines described from Australia are six mines from the Anglesea locality in Victoria. They are referable to five leaf mining taxa. Two of the mines are associated with a Lauraceae leaf. A third leaf mine is preserved in a 'mummified' leaf with affinities to Elaeocarpaceae. The remaining two mines are on leaves that are too poorly preserved to be identified. Four of these fossil leaf mines are thought to belong to Lepidoptera and two are probably referable to the Nepticulidae. The remaining mine could be either dipteran or lepidopteran. These mines are the only evidence of the Lepidoptera in the Tertiary fossil record in Australia.


In this case we briefly describe the case of an old woman presenting with acute exertional dyspnea due to hyperacute Sapien Valve thrombosis.


This study examines the use of thematic progression in material from the Norwegian component of the International Corpus of Learner English (NICLE). The Integrated Contrastive Model is employed to investigate whether Norwegian advanced learners of English use the same thematic-progression strategies as native-speaker professional writers of English, or whether they are influenced by Norwegian discourse conventions. The influence of transfer is examined through comparison with Norwegian texts written by professional writers. In addition, a comparison with non-professional writers of English and Norwegian is included in order to identify potential similarities between novice writers, regardless of whether or not they are writing in their L1 or L2. The results indicate that there are differences in the use of thematic-progression strategies between the NICLE writers and professional writers of English, and that some of these differences are most probably due to transfer from Norwegian. In addition, novice writers seem to share certain characteristics in the way they structure their texts which are different from the strategies employed by professional writers.


A new approach for volumetric deformation compensation in temporally predictive coding of dynamic medical heart images is presented. Instead of using conventional vectors, motion is represented by deformation values to model 3-D muscle contractions. In this way, estimated motion is more homogeneous among the image domain and predictions do not contain disturbing blocking artifacts making the approach suitable also for non-block-based transform coding. It is shown that with equal numbers of motion values the method can achieve prediction accuracies similar to cube-based motion estimation. The run time of the described parallel implementation in Nvidia CUDA is shown to be shorter than for an equivalent implementation of cube-based motion estimation.


Objective To investigate the influence of epidural analgesia and general anesthesia on hemodynamics in patients undergoing esophageal surgery.Methods 35 patients were randomly divided into two groups: general anesthesia group(group GA,n=17),general anesthesia combined epidural anesthesia group(group CEA,n=18).The hemodynamic parameters were monitored before anesthesia,at the end of operation as well as 24 and 48 hours postoperatively.Results 1.Compared with the parameters before anesthesia,the microvascular plasma and whole blood viscosity significantly decreased(P 0.05,P 0.01) at various shear rates in both groups at the end of operation,and returned to the baseline level 48 hours after operation.2.The red blood cell rigidity and aggregation index of group GEA obviously decreased(P 0.05,P 0.01) at the end of operation.No changes were observed at the other time points as well as in GA group.3.No evident changes in erythrocyte morphology and electrophoresis index were observed within the postoperative 48 hours in the two groups.Conclusion Both general anesthesia and combined anesthesia with epidural block can reduce the blood viscosity,but on the whole its effect does not exceed 48 hours.


The paper presents concepts designed to validate, through the use of ground tests, mathematical models of continuous type structures and structures comprised of interconnecting subsystems. For continuous-type structures, a multiple boundary condition test approach is considered in which the basic idea is to perform a large number of tests using artificial boundary conditions from which good ground test data can be obtained. The test ensures an arbitrarily large number of test data for use in the validation and updating of the mathematical model. Another approach, applicable to structures comprised of subsystems, involves the identification of significant structural elements for the system dynamic model which are not validated by standard modal tests of the subsystems.


Abstract : These slides accompanied the keynote speech by the Acting Director, Office of Technology Transition given to the Department of Defense (DoD)/Navy Technology Development Opportunities Seminar. The seminar was design to introduce small technology businesses to DoD programs that foster the invention and improvement of military relevant technologies and to programs such as the Technology Transfer Initiative (TTI) that seek to accelerate technology commercialization of DoD research through such mechanisms as patent license agreements and government/private partnerships.


We present a method for quantifying the degradation state due to siloxane poisoning of a metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor using temperature cycled operation. The time constant for the generation of surface charge at high temperature increases through poisoning and is only slightly dependent on the gas atmosphere. In addition to indicating a necessary sensor replacement, this signal can also be used for drift compensation based on the exponential relation between sensor signal and this time constant.


Through physical and numerical model test,wave height distribution and the change of the wave height and water level in the harbor were studied,the options according to the test results were optimized.The results show that:the wave height distribution is basically consistent between numerical and physical model,the still water level in the harbor is rising through physical model test,but BW wave model of MIKE21 could not simulate the phenomenon.Harbor resonance due to the long-period wave action is analyzed.The period of the harbor vibration is longer than that of the wave condition,so the wave action cannot cause the harbor resonance.


In this paper, we introduce a linear mathematical model for the Aggregate Production Planning problem for a forestry company operating several sawmills. Considering different types of raw materials, different production parameters, and a group of sawmills, the industry tries to identify the best levels of production, of subcontracting production, and of inventory to satisfy the demand for different product families in order to maximize its revenue. The linear model is solved efficiently with two linear programming software Cplex 8.1 and Xpress-Optimizer 16.10.02, and numerical results indicate the superiority of the latter.


Ongoing Himalayan growth is generally thought to be dominated by duplexing and/or extrusion processes. These models may be tested by reconstructing Himalayan fold‐thrust belt growth since the middle Miocene. However, our knowledge of basic structural geometry remains too fragmentary to resolve the issue, even in areas with rich stratigraphic diversity such as the northwestern Indian Himalaya. In this region, a primary outstanding question involves the uncertain relationship of the Berinag thrust and the Tons thrust, structures with displacements of >80 km and >40 km, respectively. The uncertain geometry and kinematics allow for the complete range of duplexing or extrusion processes for the integrated kinematic history since the middle Miocene. To address this issue, field mapping and kinematic analysis were performed to reconstruct the deformation of the Lesser Himalayan Sequence in the northwest Indian Himalaya. Our results reveal a new discovery: a ~ 450 m thick top‐to‐southwest shear zone, termed the Pabbar thrust. The Pabbar thrust placed the Outer Lesser Himalayan Sequence (the Tons thrust hanging wall) directly on the Berinag Group (the Berinag thrust hanging wall). This discovery requires that the Berinag thrust and Tons thrust are, in fact, the same structure, and discrete duplexing processes dominated growth of the northwest Indian Himalaya for the past ~10–15 million years. Along‐strike extension of these kinematics and corresponding geometries is consistent with the observed orogenic framework and resolves a stratigraphic continuity problem across the India‐west Nepal border, where prior work suggests that structures are continuous but stratigraphy does not match.


In developing countries, the RAFA (Anaerobic Upflow Reactor) reactor stands out as a viable alternative in wastewater treatment. In addition, biofilters are used in the biological reactors that have the objective of biofilm formation, by means of which effluents of better quality are obtained. An anaerobic reactor of 140 Liters was evaluated for the treatment of domestic wastewater. Granular activated carbon and cellulose fiber filters were placed outside. After the stabilization of the reactor (3-6 months), different volumes corresponding to 3, 5 and 7 liters / day of residual water were evaluated, with hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 47, 28 and 20 days, respectively. Percentages of reduction of BOD5, COD, SST and fecal coliforms were obtained for the 3 effluents. It was obtained for 3 liters / day: 90%, 66%, 90% and 99.9%. For 5 liters / day: 93%, 71%, 90% and 99.9%. For 7 liters / day: 80%, 65%, 91% and 99.9%. With these results and comparing them with the NOM-003-Ecol-1997. It is concluded that the treated wastewater can be reused to be reused in public services.


We present a novel methodological framework for quantum spatial search, generalising the Childs & Goldstone ( CG ) algorithm via alternating applications of marked-vertex phase shifts and continuous-time quantum walks. We determine closed form expressions for the optimal walk time and phase shift parameters for periodic graphs. These parameters are chosen to rotate the system about subsets of the graph Laplacian eigenstates, amplifying the probability of measuring the marked vertex. The state evolution is asymptotically optimal for any class of periodic graphs having a fixed number of unique eigenvalues. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm by applying it to obtain O(N) search on a variety of graphs. One important class is the n × n 3 rook graph, which has N = n 4 vertices. On this class of graphs the CG algorithm performs suboptimally, achieving only O(N−1/8) overlap after time O(N5/8) . Using the new alternating phase-walk framework, we show that O(1) overlap is obtained in O(N) phase-walk iterations.


A unity of Hermite–Gaussian (HG) and Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) beam families is proposed by introducing an additional parameter. Continuous changing of the introduced parameter allows one to transform HG beams into LG beams in a continuous way, keeping some important properties of both families, for example, structural stability under propagation. The generalized beams (called Hermite–Laguerre–Gaussian beams) are investigated by theoretical and experimental means.


Characters on shells are kinds of antique and beautiful Chinese characters.They combine the characteristics of Chinese characters and those of paintings.Characters on shells possess decorative beauty,imaginative beauty and simple beauty,which gives an enlightenment on modern graphic design.


27 Given the well-established diversified histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) signaling pathways and 28 the regulation of HDAC4 by several post-translational modifications (PTMs) including 29 phosphorylation, sumoylation, ubiquitination, an unbiased and detailed analysis of HDAC4 30 PTMs is needed. In this study, we used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight 31 (MALDI-TOF/TOF) to describe phosphorylation at serine 584 (Ser584) along with already 32 known dual phosphorylation at serines 265 and 266 (Ser265/266), regulating together HDAC4 33 activity. Overexpression of site-specific HDAC4 mutants (S584A, S265/266A) in HEK 293T 34 cells followed by HDAC activity assays revealed the mutants to be less active than the wild-type 35 protein. In vitro kinase assays establish that Ser584 and Ser265/266 are phosphorylated by 36 protein kinase A (PKA). Luciferase assays driven by the myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) 37 promoter and real-time PCR analysis of the MEF2 target genes show that the S584A and 38 S265/266A mutants are less repressive than wild-type. Furthermore, treatment with PKA activators silencing shRNA or its inhibitor


Piezoelectric ceramics are widely used in various applications such as sensors, actuators, transducers, and energy harvesting. Owing to the environmental concerns for the toxicity of lead, leadfree piezoelectric ceramics have been extensively studied. BaTiO3 (BT) is one of the high performance lead-free piezoelectric materials. Polishing and cutting are used during ceramics processing, which is believed to induce stress and a surface damaged layer that could deteriorate electrical properties. In this study, polished and cut BaTiO3 (BT) ceramics were annealed at several conditions for recovery, and the crystal structures and electrical properties were investigated. Hydrothermally-derived BT nanoparticles with the particle size of 300 nm (BT03, Sakai Chemical Industry) were used for the preparation of BT ceramics. BT ceramics sintered at 1350 C for 5 h were polished and cut into plate (4 mm x 1.5 mm x 0.4 mm) and bar (0.8 mm x 0.8 mm x 2.4 mm) type samples, and then annealing was carried out in air at 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 C for 4 h. The crystal structures of as-sintered ceramics, polished and cut ceramics, and annealed ceramics were investigated by laboratory Cu Kα X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, in situ high-resolution synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction (SR-XRD) was measured at room temperature for the polished and cut BT plate (5 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm) ceramics before and after heating at 1200 C in a furnace. The microstructures were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and grain sizes were estimated. Auelectrodes were deposited via sputtering and dielectric and ferroelectric properties were investigated for the plate-type samples. The bar-type samples were poled at 100 C under a DC electric field of 4 kV/mm and the piezoelectric properties were evaluated by a resonance method. In situ SR-XRD patterns, taken before annealing showed broader peaks, which, after annealing, became narrower and shifted to higher 2 angles. For the samples without annealing (WA), the 004 peak observed was broad with a shoulder like structure, and the 400 peak clearly showed a peak splitting. After annealing at 1200 C, a shoulder-like structure was reduced and an intensity of peak splitting was decreased. The shoulder-like structure and the peak splitting might have been originated from the damaged regions close to the surface layer that could induce lattice strain in the sample. The Williamson-Hall plots for SR-XRD patterns are shown in Fig. 1, where the slopes represent the lattice strain. The decreased values of the slopes after annealing suggested the reduction of the lattice strain. The electrical measurements revealed a reduction in the coercive field, elimination of internal bias and an increase of saturation polarization in the thermally annealed samples. Furthermore, the electromechanical properties measured by the resonance method, prior to thermal annealing are d33= 184 pC/N, k33= 0.36, Qm= 99, while the values after 1200 C-4 h thermal annealing are d33= 287 pC/N, k33= 0.54, Qm= 184. The mechanism for the electrical properties enhancement after thermal annealing is discussed in terms of recovery and relaxation of surface damaged layers, using in situ crystal structure analysis of synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and laboratory Cu Kα X-ray diffraction patterns. Fig. 1 Williamson-Hall plots of the BT samples. 第78回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会 講演予稿集 (2017 福岡国際会議場) 6a-A502-12


The problem of the study is the past trauma focused on the major character namely Charlie Fineman in Burden's Reign Over Me. This study is a qualitative study. The research uses two data sources, namely primary data source and secondary data source. The primary data source is the data taken from the text of Reign Over Me by Jack Burden, the English version by Mike Binder (1997). The secondary data source is other source related to the analysis such as the author biography, books about the psychology, particularly related to the psychoanalytic theory of Sigmund Freud, and internet. The method of collecting data is done through documentation or library research. The techniques of data analysis are taking note the data, arranging the data, describing the data based on psychoanalytic theory.
 Based on the analysis, the writer draws conclusion. Reign Over Me movie explains that the major character in the movie is so traumatic. He is a dentist who lost his wife and daughters in the World Trade Center. Since the tragedy, he has shut down and shut him self off from the world. Then, the past trauma drives him to suicide. The main character, Charlie Fineman shows the act of past trauma. He is willing to leave his memory on the family and trying to make something that he does on his family before they are dead. That is planting the kitchen. He experienced intense emotion and reactivity (mostly anger and anxiety), flashback, and numbness. Those are emotional reactions.


A novel confocal optical system to study mixing time in small‐scale bioreactors is presented. The system is designed to monitor fluorescence upon tracer addition from a localized confocal volume of 0.21 mL within a glass vessel. The key elements of the fluorescence‐based confocal system are a pinhole, a lens, an APD (Avalanche photodiode) detector, and light filters. The optical technique was validated by comparison with a pH‐based technique. Finally, the optical sensor was tested and a real cultivation media (i.e., spent mammalian cell media) was used to measure mixing time in a 12.5‐mL stirred transparent vessel. High accuracy, easy results interpretation, and low costs are the three most attractive characteristics of the sensor. Because of its noninvasive nature and versatility, the results suggest that the confocal system is a promising tool to perform mixing time studies in stirred vessels.


YouTube as an educational tool has been recently receiving a great deal of attention from researchers and teachers. The study in question therefore investigates this phenomenon. To this end, a modified conceptual model based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) was proposed to test student perceptions, attitudes and intentions to adopt YouTube as an educational tool. The study was quantitative in nature where 377 registered students from a selected university were chosen through non-probability sampling. In order to analyse the data SPSS 25 and AMOS 25 were utilised for descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling respectively. Perceived usefulness of YouTube and perceived ease of use where proposed as antecedents of attitudes and intentions while adoption of YouTube as an educational tool was anticipated to be the outcome. The main findings suggested that perceived usefulness was observed to have a more significant impact on student perceptions toward learning through YouTube in comparison to the perceived ease of use. In addition, it was also discovered that intention to use YouTube and adoption of YouTube as an educational tool had the strongest relationship of all tested hypotheses. Implications for educators and researchers were established from the findings. Thereafter, suggestions for further research were proposed.


A simple, rapid and efficient sample pretreatment technique, termed dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), was developed as an extraction methodology to determine bisphenol-A (BPA), in landfill leachate samples prior to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ultraviolet detection. Some effective parameters, such as pH, extraction and disperser solvent type and their volumes, time of extraction and salt effect have been optimized using the one-factor-at-a-time approach. Under the optimum conditions, the preconcentration factor 25 was obtained from only 5 mL of the sample. The calibration graph was linear in the range of 5-500 µg L -1 with the detection limit of 1.5 µg L -1 . The relative standard deviation (RSD) for ten replicate measurements of 20 µg L -1 of BPA was 2.5%. Finally, the method was successfully applied for the extraction and determination of BPA in some landfill leachate samples with a relative recovery of 98–109% and RSD less than 5%. KEY WORDS : Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, Bisphenol-A, Landfill leachate samples, High-performance liquid chromatography Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2014 , 28(3), 329-338. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v28i3.2


Volume I of this study details the findings of a survey and analysis of twenty-one low cost techniques designed to increase the effective processing capacity of fixed capital transportation facilities. Techniques were rated with particular attention to their potential processing efficiencies (volume increases or time reductions in moving people via existing transportation facilities). In addition, the evaluation considered various cost parameters, impacts on the disadvantaged, environmental and transportation safety factors, technical and institutional viability, and the expected response from travelers.


Huguenots School is an important religious school in the European Religion Reform Movement, whose beliefs, actions and sentiments are deeply rooted in the Calvinist doctrines and are of marked significance to the development of European politics, economics and culture.


This article is devoted to the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension with the use of sonography in the gray-scale and Doppler modes. The article presents data on the physiology of the portal circulation, describes a method of ultrasound investigation of vessels of the hepatobiliary system, gives a classification of liver cirrhosis and peculiarities of portal hemodynamics in case of liver cirrhosis. The article presents the sonographic criteria for liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension based on the study of literature data and personal long-term observations.


February 2016 • Volume 122 • Number 2 www.anesthesia-analgesia.org 349 An 83-year-old gentleman with a remote history of myocardial infarction presented with a witnessed cardiac arrest secondary to ventricular tachycardia. The patient was resuscitated successfully and, after coronary catheterization, was found to have severe coronary artery disease. A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) reported an ejection fraction of 40% to 45%, left ventricular hypertrophy, biatrial enlargement, and a possible patent foramen ovale. In addition, the patient had a ventricular endocardial pacemaker in place for atrial fibrillation and bradycardia. The patient was scheduled for 3-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting. After an uneventful induction of anesthesia, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) showed an ejection fraction of 25% to 30%, with severe hypokinesis in the inferior, inferoseptal, anteroseptal, and anterior walls, biatrial enlargement, and mild mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. A patent foramen ovale was excluded via color flow Doppler (CFD) and an IV agitated saline study. Verbal informed consent was obtained from the patient via telephone for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. Closer examination of the midesophageal right ventricular inflow-outflow view showed an aberrant opening in the free wall of the right atrium (RA). CFD interrogation of this opening demonstrated a vascular flow entering the RA from the free wall and directed toward the atrial septum (Fig. 1A; Supplemental Digital Content 1, Supplemental Video 1, http://links.lww.com/ AA/B272). Pulsed wave Doppler interrogation demonstrated a low-velocity laminar venous flow pattern with an antegrade diastolic flow peak (Fig. 1B). An IV agitated saline contrast study performed via the right internal jugular vein central line showed the bubbles appearing from the superior vena cava (SVC), which were then cleared by the flow in question, consistent with negative echo contrast (Fig. 2; Supplemental Digital Content 2, Supplemental Video 2, http://links.lww.com/AA/ B273). Normal pulmonary venous flow was observed entering the left atrium. A second IV contrast study with agitated saline injected via a lower extremity vein was performed. The bubbles emerged from the expected location of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and not from the SVC or the aberrant vessel in question, confirming that the vessel was not an aberrant IVC. This also excluded the diagnosis of total anomalous hepatic venous return. Having excluded the earlier possibilities in our patient, the surgeon performed a thorough inspection noting no obvious additional vascular abnormalities. Standard venous cannulation with a dual-stage cannula was then performed via the right atrial appendage, and the cannula tip was advanced into the IVC without difficulty. A diagnosis of exclusion was made that the vessel in question was an aberrant hepatic vein draining directly into the RA. The remainder of the surgical course and recovery was uneventful. A focused TTE was performed postoperatively, which traced this aberrant vessel into the liver, thus confirming the earlier diagnosis. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and he was doing well 1 year after surgery.


The objective of the thesis is using financial analysis methodology to find out the true condition of Nokia Company during 2006 to 2010 and the reason resulted in the condition. The thesis is focus on the profitability analysis of the Nokia Company. In the theoretical part, the five main methods of financial analysis are introduced. They are common-size analysis, financial ratio analysis, pyramidal decompositions, quantitative methods and trend analysis. In the practical part, the common size analysis and financial ratio analysis are used to analyze the financial statement of the company ,the pyramidal decomposition is used to decompose the return on equity and net profit margin. And the method of gradual changes is used to analysis the factors which has the most impact on the profitability of the company. The conclusion of the thesis is included the general performance of the company during the analyzed period, the results from the profitability analysis and recommendation for better performance of the company.


In this article we take the example of the LB300 press-welding wheel-reducing drive axle of FAW Shandong Special Automobile Works. The analysis is taken to calculate the fatigue life of drive axle so that it can be used as more reliable academic basis for safety design and running of drive axle.


Soybean take importance role as source of legumes protein for Indonesian people's because has lower price compared with other source of protein. Soybean demand contiunously increase because population growth and development of foodindustry's, while production growth is slowly declining (leveling off) campared to it's demand. Soybean production's in 2013 only 0,78 million ton, while it's demand is 2,9 millions ton, so need import about 2.12 million tons to meet the demand. This study aims to establish a model for predicting soybean production in relationship with constraint and it's problem as a factor of its boundary. This study used the technique of forecasting with using time series data. Best model selected will be used to estimate soybeanproduction's. Selection of the best model using criteria Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC). Best model selected is ARIMA (1,1,1). Based on result of forcasting, number of soybean production's on 2022 is 0,994 million tons. Though has productivity with increasing trend, but it's not significant, so the production still low compared to it's demand. Generally, decline of production caused by reduction of harvest area as one of less competitive crop compared with other secondary crops (palawija), and high biotic and abiotic pressure.


Motivated by the fact that Bardeen black holes do not satisfy the usual first law and Smarr formula, we derive a generalized first law from the Lagrangian of the nonlinear gauge field coupled to gravity. In our treatment, the Lagrangian is a function of the electromagnetic invariant as well as some additional parameters. Consequently, we obtain new terms in the first law. With our formula, we find the correct forms of the first law for Bardeen black holes and BI black holes. By scaling arguments, we also derive a general Smarr formula from the first law. Our results apply to a wide class of black holes with nonlinear gauge fields.


Aircraft fuselage skins are susceptible to damage which can negatively impact corrosion resistance and/or fatigue life. Characterization of damage, in particular its depth, can be a critically useful information when making repair decisions. A near‐field millimeter wave swept‐frequency reflectometry method is presented with potential for characterizing the dimensions of a pit or a scratch. This paper presents the foundation of the technique, results of comprehensive electromagnetic simulations, some corresponding experimental results, and correlation of scratch signal characteristics to depth and opening dimensions.


A machine learning method is proposed to aim at the problems of large data processing, complex data, and limited system resources in cloud computing service management. First, multi-department analysis is carried out on cloud service management data, and relevant management data is standardized to form a standardized management data collection; Machine learning is used to classify, mine, and extract service management data, and corresponding management measures are taken promptly to improve the management level of cloud computing services. MATLAB simulation shows that machine learning can improve the level of cloud computing service management, simplify the process of cloud computing service management, shorten the management time of cloud computing services, and meet the actual needs of service management.


Featuring top-level suppliers providing cutting-edge design and engineering solutions, Engineering Materials Live promises to make a visit more than worthwhile.


REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY
Doppler tissue imaging (DTI) is a novel noninvasive method by which myocardial velocity can be assessed directly and it allows regional, rather than global, cardiac function to be evaluated.

HYPOTHESIS
That regional differences in myocardial velocities exist within the equine ventricle.

OBJECTIVES
To develop a repeatable examination technique for DTI in horses, describe DTI findings in various regions of the normal equine ventricle, compare colour (CDTI) and spectral (SDTI) techniques of DTI, and document regional differences in myocardial velocity.

METHODS
Five regions of the ventricles (right ventricular wall, interventricular septum and left, right and caudal regions of the left ventricle) were evaluated using SDTI and CDTI in 20 clinically normal Thoroughbreds age 2 years. Individual repeatability of the method was determined by examination of one 6-year-old Thoroughbred on 6 occasions.

RESULTS
Three major movements were observed in the ventricular walls in systole, early diastole and late diastole. The interventricular septum had a complex pattern of movement. The left region of the left ventricle and interventricular septum had the most rapid movement. The individual repeatability of CDTI was poor, while in systole and early diastole, but not late diastole, SDTI produced repeatable estimates of maximal myocardial velocity. The different velocity estimates obtained with SDTI and CDTI are not interchangeable. Regional differences in the peak mean and maximal myocardial velocities were found in systole and early diastole (P<0.05), but were not identified in late diastole.

CONCLUSIONS
The SDTI modality appears to produce the most repeatable data. There are regional differences in myocardial velocity within the equine ventricles for systole and early diastole.

POTENTIAL RELEVANCE
DTI shows potential as a tool for studying regional myocardial movement both in clinical cases suspected of having myocardial dysfunction and in a research setting. In particular, SDTI offers potential as a direct and noninvasive means to study early diastolic function of the equine ventricles.


Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is one of the most promising technologies to convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of hydrogen production. III-nitride semiconductors are promising materials to realize high efficiency photoelectrodes: their energy bandgap can be varied across nearly the entire solar spectrum by changing the alloy compositions and the band edge positions straddle water oxidation and reduction potentials under deep visible light irradiation. In this work, we report on the demonstration of a Si-based photocathode, which consists of $n^{+}$ -GaN nanowire arrays grown on n+-p Si substrate and enables relatively high efficiency (~9%) and highly stable solar water splitting.


Four tall buildings are designed in Yujiapu finance district,Tianjin,whose structural systems are braced frame-core wall structure,reinforced concrete tube-in-tube structure,frame-core wall with strengthened story structure,steel frame-core wall structure respectively.For these over-limit structures,performance-based seismic design theory was applied during the structural design.Different performance criteria were adopted in different structures,the structural anticipated seismic performance under moderate earthquake and rarely earthquake could be guaranteed via structural calculation and conformation measures.The structural safety and rationality were improved after performance-based seismic design theory is applied.


Some years ago there was a lively discussion in the medical literature over the virtues of "lumping" or "splitting" disease entities. In some respects, for example, with histopathologic descriptions or therapeutic decisions, "lumping" may be preferable because what applied to a subset would apply to the entire set of the disease or, if the cause were unknown or treatment ineffective, "splitting" might seem pointless. However, with increasing understanding of diseases that hitherto were obscure in respect to cause or nature, attempts to split particular disease entities seem increasingly necessary. This is particularly emphasized in the case of diseases that have associations with HLA antigens, because of one subset but not another having a strong association with a particular HLA specificity. Before coming to chronic active hepatitis (CAH), let us consider diabetes mellitus, a common disorder with a still poorly understood pathogenesis, and one that has been the subject of many epidemiologic surveys for prevalence and incidence. This disease was described as a nightmare for taxonomists and geneticists1 becuase, despite the recognition of the two categories of "early onset thin insulin-dependent" and "late onset fat non-insulin dependent" cases, there seemed substantial overlap. The application of markers that included circulating insulin levels, autoantibodies, and HLA types helped to extablish the present grouping into Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus, each with


Thank you very much for reading surgery of the thymus pathology associated disorders and surgical technique. As you may know, people have search hundreds times for their chosen novels like this surgery of the thymus pathology associated disorders and surgical technique, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some infectious bugs inside their laptop.


A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention includes: a positive electrode comprising a positive electrode material comprising a layer containing 12 to 34% by weight of nickel and provided comprising 39 to 51% by weight of titanium and at least a portion of the material layer of the positive electrode layer opposed to the negative electrode material the negative electrode of the electrode group and the holding electrode group in a non-aqueous electrolyte, satisfying -0.07≤ (DA-DC) × S / B≤0.05, B is a constant current to the battery charging 0.05C at 25 deg.] C to a maximum after using the voltage to current constant voltage charging at a constant current value of 0.01C and 0.05C discharge capacity to the discharge end voltage, S is the area of the portion of the negative electrode material layer and the positive electrode material layer opposed, DC is the positive electrode 25 deg.] C at a constant current of 0.05C discharge to the discharge capacity at 3.0V from a fully charged state, DA is 25 deg.] C at a constant current of 0.05C in the negative electrode is discharged from a fully charged state to the discharge capacity at 2.0V .


The current study was designed to standardize and validate the method of
analysis in determining the active compounds of ethanol 70 % mixture extract of
sambiloto herbs (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) and mahogany seeds (Swietenia
mahagoni Jacq.) (2:1), to see the improvement of physical quality parameters of
extract with the addition of additives (avicel PH 101, corn starch, lactose, and cabo-
sil), and to determine the increase of andrographolide solubility with the
addition of poloxamer 188. The determination of active compounds, validation
methods, and solubility test were performed by the TLC (Thin Layer
Chromatography)-densitometric method analysis and for andrographolide
solubility test was performed by using a magnetic stirrer on the hot plate with a
speed of 1000 rpm for ± 36 hours at room temperature then fractionated using
ethyl acetate. The results showed mixture extract had been standardized both in
specific and non specific parameters of extracts, meet the validation requirements
of methods which include specificity, LOD/LOQ, linearity, accuracy, and
precision. There was an increase of flow characteristic from physical mixture of
mixed extract with combination of additives with a velocity value of 10.23
gram/sec, a decrease in the value of the stationary angle of 44.46o, and an increase
in MC (Moisture Content) value of 3.6 %. From paired samples t-test statistical
analysis results, the addition of poloxamer 188 was proven to be able to increase
the andrographolide solubility in water and phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and the
andrographolide solubility in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 was higher than in water.


A review is presented of the implications of information published over the past decade on inactivation of micro-organisms by chemical and physical means. It is concluded that only well-operated, conventional water treatment plants can assure disinfection effectively, using chlorine or chloramine; and that treatment of discharges of effluent from sewage treatment plants having secondary treatment is a waste of resources and a threat to the environment apart from being ineffective as practised conventionally.


Surface modification of 45 steel was investigated by hot filament gas discharge and radio-frequency (RF) glow discharge nitrogen plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) techniques. The chemical composition and microstructure of the modified layer were characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), respectively. The microhardness, friction and wear behavior, corrosion resistance were also evaluated. The results reveal that the surface properties of 45 steel are enhanced by the two kinds of PIII,however,the RF glow discharge PIII produces the improvement of the surface properties more markedly. The microhardness increases by 76 8%, friction coefficient decreases to 0 3, and the corrosion resistance of the samples treated by RF glow discharge PIII is improved significantly.


Agile method is a method of software development management that comes in response to criticism of the waterfall method. This method is widely applied in large-scale software companies, because of its superiority that emphasizes service oriented rather than waterfall approach. One of the frameworks of the agile method is Scrum. Scrum is a framework that focuses on software development management on developer team performance as a single unit that works together indivisibly, iteration of product items, product incremental, and collaboration with customers. In Scrum, product requirements are flexible because they are not exhaustive at the start of a project, but at each iteration, because customers generally difficult to express their needs explicitly. However, how does Scrum's effectiveness improve software productivity? In this paper, we propose a literature study about SCRUM implementation of some articles that considers resources, cost, time, and system complexity for minimizing software development problems. The results had proven that Scrum could improve software productivity, but with some challenges, such as how to organize team skills, cultural constraints and scenarios of different companies, including communication problems between teams that are often constrained because of the large number of teams and teams scattered in multiple locations.


A mathematical paper contains various mathematical statements, including definitions, theorems, lemmas, and so on. The mining of mathematical literature currently focuses on formulas and disregards statements. The present study investigates the (automatic) subdiscipline classification for mathematical statements. The classification results are applied into inter-subdiscipline analysis, including proportion and dependency analyses. First, a statement learning data is directly compiled from mathematical textbooks with a little human labeling to train an effective subdiscipline classifier. Second, a relatively large corpus, namely, analysis data, is compiled from mathematical journals. The classification results on the analysis data are subsequently used to quantify the inter-subdisciplinary relationships and conduct proportion analysis. Lastly, the dependency of different subdisciplines is analyzed and dependency chains among subdisciplines can be obtained.


thought processes that transcend the boundaries of the existing mathematics and philosophy. In all cases, however, such ideas are in essence nonverbal; they cannot be described and communicated in words. Even the traditional language of engineering drawing fails to convey the composition and mode of functioning of complex machines. Philosophers have devised symbolic languages and algebras to meet that challenge and have failed. Modern technology communicates through a large number of special purpose languages invented as the need arises, while the literary world, recognizing that its tools are ineffective in the face of this problem, prefers to employ machines in metaphors. Perhaps machines owe their unique charm to this very difficulty of grasping their intellectual substance in terms of conventional communication ([19], p.3). Herbert Simon has argued that engineering design is only a special case of a general type of thought characteristic of the professions. He has argued: Engineers are not the only professional designers. Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones. The intellectual activity that produces material artifacts is no different fundamentally from the one that prescribes remedies for sick patients....Design so con-


Nickel–iron‐based layered double hydroxides (NiFe LDHs) have attracted tremendous research and industrial interests for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysis. However, methodologies on simultaneous regulation of performance‐influencing factors remain scarce and their real synergistic effects are not clear enough. Herein, a versatile polyoxometallic acids (POMs) etching approach is reported to ingeniously reconstruct NiFe LDH, including 3D morphological nanotailoring, Fe3+ and α‐Ni(OH)2 active species reconfiguration, creation of multiple Ni, Fe, and O vacancies, and intercalation of POM polyanionic clusters. The experimental and theoretical data collaboratively unveil that control of the key performance‐influencing factors and their multiple synergistic mechanisms dominantly contribute to the step‐like OER performance enhancement. The reinforced electrocatalyst is further produced with low cost and high performance up to Ф180 mm in diameter, showing its feasibility and advancement of the promising configuration of NiFe LDH‐PMo12(+) II Ni@NiFe LDH(−) for alkaline anion‐exchange‐membrane electrode stack cells. Furthermore, to mathematically evaluate the evolution, a novel empirical formula is proposed for quantitative identification of structure–activity correlations, which offers an opportunity for first and fast reliability on materials screening.


This chapter introduces motion charts as a method for dynamic visualization of language change. More specifically, they enable one to detect and explore changes in the use of constructions by visualizing the relative frequencies of different lexemes that fill in the constructional slots. The method is illustrated with a case study that explores the changes in the use of future markers will and be going to by comparing the frequencies of infinitives that follow the markers.


Application of robust adaptive nonlinear control to brushless DC motors is considered in this paper. The advocated robust adaptive controller enjoys robustness to parametric and dynamic uncertainties in the motor dynamics. In addition, the controller can reject any bounded disturbances acting on the motor. The controlled variables are phase voltages which are designed based on the backstepping technique. The closed-loop stability of the system is shown using Lyapunov techniques. The tracking errors are shown to be globally uniformly bounded. The design procedure is shown to be also applicable to multi-link manipulators actuated by brushless DC motors. The control design may be improved to achieve asymptotic tracking.


Abstract Medeiros, LHL, Sandbakk, SB, Bertazone, TMA, and Bueno Júnior, CR. Comparison of periodization models of concurrent training in recreationally active postmenopausal women. J Strength Cond Res 36(4): 977–983, 2022—Although concurrent training is the most effective way to improve both neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory functions in older populations, there are no studies in the literature comparing different periodization models on cardiorespiratory and muscle strength adaptations. Thus, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different periodization models of concurrent aerobic and strength training using equalized training volume programs on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in recreationally active postmenopausal women. After 3 weeks of adaptation, 58 women aged 50–75 years were randomly assigned to (a) nonperiodization (NP), (b) daily nonlinear periodization (NLP), or (c) flexible daily NLP (FNLP). At baseline and after 12 weeks, aerobic fitness (peak oxygen uptake [V̇o2peak] and the 6-minute walk test) and maximal muscle strength (1 repetition maximum of bench press and leg press) were measured. It was shown that maximal strength increased in the bench press (effect size [ES] 1.18 in NLP and 1.22 in FNLP) and leg press (ES 0.92 in NLP and 0.89 in FNLP) in the periodized groups—in the NP group, these values were 0.49 and 0.46, respectively. In the 6-minute walk test, aerobic fitness statistically improved in all groups—with an ES of 1.02 in the NP, 1.33 in the NLP, and 0.54 in the FNLP. This study showed that only periodization models (NLP and FNLP) induced a moderate ES in maximal strength, and all groups (NP, NLP, and FNLP) demonstrated improved aerobic fitness evaluated by V̇o2peak and the 6-minute walk test in recreationally active postmenopausal women.


Abstract The ongoing migration from the rural areas of South Africa to its cities is exerting strong influences on the language practices of the young, as they learn to cope with new living spaces where languages and cultures converge. Drawing on the theories of transcultural and transidiomatic practices (Jacquemet, 2005; Pennycook, 2007), this article looks at the attitudes and language practices reported by one group of teenagers in a newly integrated working-class township which forms part of Cape Town, South Africa. In evaluating their changing language practices, the article takes into consideration the impact of the exact part of the city where their families have settled, continued links with the rural heartland and the schools to which parents choose to send their children.


1. Studen t Emergency HeUef When the academic year 1934-35 begins late in September, some 500 students will be enabled to attend the University of Iowa through provision of the }1'ederal Emergency Relief administration, beaded by Han'y Hopkins in Washington, D. C. Messages of Condolence To Germany Coupled With Wonderings • By The Associated Pr688 In pvcry land t here were expres· slons of regl'Ct yesterday that Ger· The SERA-Student Emergency Relief administration-was ' eonceived last January, when it became apparent that many many's sturdy oak, President Paul


Investigations have been made to determine the behaviour of Böttcher's equation for different dielectric constants and packing fractions. Two packing fractions δ (one being δ=1) give the correct values of the dielectric constant for the bulk. The graphs of δ against ϵp/δ (where ϵp is the dielectric constant of the powder at packing fraction δ) yield minima the δ and ϵp of which, when applied to Böttcher's equation, yield the correct values of the dielectric constant for bulk up to the highest value of dielectric constant, 114, investigated.


From 1976 to 1980 six professional theatre companies were established in NSW outside the capital city Sydney. They were titled Regional Theatre Companies after similar entities in Britain. They grew and flourished into the early 1990s. Then one by one, almost at the height of their activity they began to fail. By 2006 there was only one fully professional regional theatre company operating in NSW. This is the phenomenon which is the subject of this thesis. What distinguished these companies as a group, what did they contribute to regional and national life, how did they arise, what did they achieve and why and how did they decline? The overarching question is of their significance in Australian cultural life and the significance of their failure. Was it an "opportunity lost"? These questions have not been systematically addressed in any study and the purpose of this thesis in addressing these issues is to contribute to and invigorate the public debate on the nature of the national theatre enterprise. The six companies for examination are Hunter Valley Theatre Company in Newcastle, Q Theatre in Penrith, Riverina Theatre Company in Wagga Wagga, New England Theatre Company in Armidale, Murray River Performing Group (MRPG) in Albury/Wodonga and Theatre South in Wollongong. The researcher himself was a participant observer in this story as co-founder and Artistic Director of one of the companies. The methodology for the study is therefore an interpretive and reflexive one. Qualitative, interpretive and reflexive research allows for complexities and enables the researcher to explore multiple possibilities and to place him or herself more visibly in the story, aiming always for interpretation rather than the representation of the apparent reality. Pierre Bourdieu defined theory as a temporary construct which takes shape for and by empirical work. Bourdieu's own theories provide an appropriate theoretical framework for this study. Regional Theatre Companies are studied as a distinct agent or sub-field within


w The Vietnam war of the '60s for the first time brought the horrors of military confrontation into the homes of Americans on a daily basis. Reality provided death and destruction for breakfast, lunch and dinner. There were feelings of revulsion and cries that the press was presenting a n unbalanced picture, and in many cases, a n unfair picture damaging to the United States. It now was June 1982, and the battlefield was Lebanon. The press, especially the Western press and specifically the major television networks, once again were being accused of presenting a biased and inaccurate picture of a war, costly to civilians and combatants alike, that was beginning a two-and-half month run on the TV screens of the world. Israel, previously portrayed in an underdog role, this time would charge that the media was tarnishing its image. The Uni-


At the invitation of the Chinese Association for International Understanding(CAFIU),a 6-member delegation of Civic Association "Polish House",headed by the Secretary of its Board Mr.Tadeusz Gajewski,visited Beijing and Hunan Province from December 1 to 6.


Fungus gnats in the genus Neoempheria Osten Sacken (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) are serious pests of the shiitake mushroom, Lentinula edodes (Berk.) Sing. (Agaricales: Omphalotaceae), a prize edible. Recently, we found that the parasitoid wasp Orthocentrus brachycerus Humala & Lee, 2020 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) attacks larvae of Neoempheria. We have shown in previous research that O. brachycerus suppresses population growth of Neoempheria in simulated cultivation conditions, and thus shows potential for use as a biological control agent. However, the behavioural and ecological aspects of this wasp have not been studied. Here, under controlled laboratory conditions, we investigated the fecundity, longevity and host stage specificity of O. brachycerus against Neoempheria larvae. We found that O. brachycerus are prolific throughout their life cycle. On average, female O. brachycerus made over 140 attempts to parasitize pest larvae, and over 90% of Neoempheria larvae were parasitized or died before emergence. Parasitoid females kept at 20°C survived for an average of 15.4 ± 3.58 days, and some females survived >30 days. Females continued to oviposit eggs throughout their life cycle and parasitized all stages of host larvae, but not eggs. These observations indicate that O. brachycerus may be effective for control of Neoempheria larvae in shiitake cultivation facilities. These results provide a basis for establishing a protocol for using O. brachycerus in mushroom cultivation.


malignant diseases etc. The chapter on rheumatic diseases is a thoughtful result of Anglo-German co-operation by Drs D. A. Brewerton and E. Albert. The final section deals with the possible mechanisms of disease association with the major histocompatibility complex and with a discussion of possible clinical implications of tissue typing. Initially it was hoped that this book would be published by November 1976, but it did not appear until August 1977. This is particularly regrettable in such a rapidly expanding subject and it means that much of the recent work on the HILA-D locus and the Ia-like antigens does not appear. There are also unfortunately a iemarkable number of typographical errors in all chapters. Most of these are obvious, but they are so numerous that one wonders about the accuracy of some of the figures. In spite of this the book gives a useful account of current knowledge and theories of HLA and disease.


Pain is often the presenting symptom of many rheumatic diseases, the predominant disabling symptom, the reason for frequent visits to the physician and a major cause of medical absenteeism, loss of work hours, and financial burden on the society. Pain in rheumatic diseases is now understood to be a result of interplay of inflammation, tissue damage, and neurogenic responses. Besides control of inflammation, the structural changes, central sensitization, and the associated issues of disturbances of sleep, mood, and cognition also need to be addressed. Apart from the useful addition of neuromodulators to our traditional repertoire of pain medications consisting of analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids, and opioids, there is a place for interventions in situations where pain persists even after reasonable control of widespread inflammation. These interventions are mostly percutaneous and have found applications in inflammatory, structural, as well as neurogenic pain. Interventional spine procedures, platelet-rich plasma therapy, ozone therapy, and radiofrequency ablation of neural structures have added new dimensions to the management of pain.


Aqueous electrophoretic deposition (EPD), using a zircon, i.e., zirconium silicate (ZrSiO 4 ) suspension, has been investigated as an alternative to the conventional slurry dip-coating process for producing the face-coat of investment casting ceramic shell moulds. This is because EPD has the potential to (a) increase dimensional toler-ances in the resultant casting, and (b) form a uniform face-coat on the entire mould-surface of complex shell moulds, including the small and/or complex cavities that are a problem for conventional dip-coating. Part 1 of this work addresses the formation of carbon-filled investment casting wax composite electrode materials. A carbon black powder and a micronised graphite powder were used as the alternative fillers in a water-emulsified pattern wax, an unfilled pattern wax and an unfilled runner wax. The runner wax composites exhibited consistently higher resistivities for both filler types and across the range of filler concentrations. Electrical resistivities of 1200 and 240 X cm were attained for the 16 vol% micronised graphite-filled and carbon black-filled straight pattern wax composites, respectively. The higher conductivity values associated with the use of carbon black filler are attributed to its high-surface area and hierarchical agglomerated structure. Rheologically, the micronised graphite-filled runner wax and water-emulsified pattern wax composites followed the Krieger–Dougherty model, which is helpful given that investment casting waxes are invariably injection moulded.


In this paper we present an overview of the recent developments in multi-parametric programming and its specific use for control. An unifying optimisation framework to solve general multi-parametric programming problems is described, with special focus given to the important class of model predictive control problems.


............................................................................................... iii Declaration ........................................................................................... iv Acknowledgements ................................................................................. v Table of contents ................................................................................... vii Tables and Figures ................................................................................. ix Introduction: How can an artist make sonic artworks that critique listening? 1 Personal context ............................................................................................ 2 Problem ........................................................................................................ 4 Aim and scope .............................................................................................. 4 Research question ......................................................................................... 4 Thesis overview ............................................................................................. 5 Significance .................................................................................................. 6 Chapter 1: Literature review: How has listening been critiqued in the past? 9 Psychoacoustics and auditory neuroscience ................................................... 10 Listening studies ........................................................................................... 13 Listening and philosophy .............................................................................. 15 Listening and culture .................................................................................... 21 Listening and sonic art ................................................................................. 29 Summation .................................................................................................. 50 Chapter 2: Methodology: How does an artist justify a sonic artwork as a critique of listening? ............................................................................. 57 Art of value ................................................................................................. 58 Rationale for structuring sonic artworks as critiques of listening ....................... 60 Applying the rationale to methods of art production ...................................... 64 Knowledge of value .................................................................................... 67 Listening Art Table of contents viii Research methods ....................................................................................... 70 Method for determining whether sonic artworks induce critical engagement with listening ...................................................................................................... 72 Data collection ............................................................................................ 78 Data evaluation ........................................................................................... 84 Summation .................................................................................................. 87 Chapter 3: Data evaluation: What critiques of listening do these artworks intend to form, and what is the experience of listening to artworks that intend to critique listening? ................................................................... 89 Notes on the showing process ...................................................................... 90 Notes on responses ..................................................................................... 92 Critical engagement with listening across the showing process ........................ 93 Works ........................................................................................................ 99 I'm here to listen ........................................................................................ 102 Sound, proof ............................................................................................. 116 Over hear ................................................................................................. 127 Memory walk ............................................................................................ 142 Summation ................................................................................................ 157 Conclusion: Can sonic artworks critique listening? ................................ 163 Aim and scope .......................................................................................... 163 Overview: findings, conclusions, implications ............................................... 163 Unexpected findings, meaning, meaningfulness ........................................... 167 End .......................................................................................................... 168 Bibliography ...................................................................................... 171 Appendix 1: Plain language statement ................................................ 181 Appendix 2: Participant consent form .................................................. 183 Listening Art Tables and Figures ix Tables and Figures Table 1: Chronology of innovations in Western art music ................................................... 31 Table 2: Concepts in participant definitions of listening (verified) ...................................... 95 Table 3: Initial content and form of experiencing I'm here to listen (verified) ..................... 107 Table 4: Subsequent content and form of experiencing I'm here to listen (verified) .......... 109 Table 5: Interpreted meaning or purpose of I'm here to listen (verified) .............................. 112 Table 6: Initial content and form of experiencing Sound, proof (verified) ........................... 120 Table 7: Subsequent content and form of experiencing Sound, proof (verified) ................ 121 Table 8: Interpreted meaning or purpose of Sound, proof (verified) .................................... 124 Table 9: Initial content and form of experiencing Over hear (verified) ............................... 131 Table 10: Subsequent content and form of experiencing Over hear (verified) ................... 132 Table 11: Interpreted meaning or purpose of Over hear (verified) ...................................... 135 Table 12: Initial content and form of experiencing Memory walk (verified) ...................... 148 Table 13: Subsequent content and form of experiencing Memory Walk (verified) ........... 149 Table 14: Interpreted meaning or purpose of Memory walk (verified) ................................ 153 Figure 1: I'm here to listen as exhibited at VCA Student Gallery, February 2015 ............... 102 Figure 2: I'm here to listen Max patch ......................................................................................... 103 Figure 3: I'm here to listen draft version instruction screen .................................................... 104 Figure 4: Sound, proof as exhibited at VCA Student Gallery, February 2015 ..................... 116 Figure 5: Sound, proof as exhibited at VCA Student Gallery, February 2015, front view . 118 Figure 6: Over hear as exhibited at VCA Student Gallery, February 2015 .......................... 127 Figure 7: Over hear as exhibited at VCA Student Gallery, February 2015, side view ....... 139 Figure 8: Over hear as exhibited at VCA Student Gallery, February 2015, corner view ... 140 Figure 9: Memory walk as exhibited at VCA Student Gallery, February 2015 ................... 142 Figure 10: Memory walk as exhibited at VCA Student Gallery, February 2015, walk in .. 145 Figure 11: Memory walk as exhibited at VCA Student Gallery, February 2015, listening 145 Figure 12: Memory walk as exhibited at VCA Student Gallery, February 2015, walk out 146


A low-noise room temperature 205 GHz heterodyne radiometer has been designed and built for the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Microwave Limb Sounder instrument. The radiometer design features a low loss quasi-optical broad-band signal/LO coupler, a solid state local oscillator and a single-ended fundamental mixer.


Dr. Baker noted that The Joint Commission first established standards for pain assessment and treatment in 2001 in response to the national outcry about the widespread problem of undertreatment of pain. He also noted that The Joint Commission's current standards require health care organizations to establish policies regarding pain assessment and treatment, as well as to conduct educational efforts to ensure compliance.


The categorical data that have natural ordering between categories are termed ordinal data, which are pervasive in numerous areas, including discrete sensor readings, metering data or preference options. Though aggregating such ordinal data from the population is facilitating plenty of crowdsourcing applications, contributing such data is privacy risky and may reveal sensitive information (e.g. locations, identities) about individuals. This work studies ordinal data aggregation for distribution estimation meanwhile locally preserving individuals' data privacy (such as on their mobile devices). Under ε-geo-indistinguishable constraints, which capture intrinsic dissimilarity between ordinal categories in the framework of differential privacy, we provide an efficient and effective locally private mechanism: Subset Exponential Mechanism (SEM) for ordinal data distribution estimation. The mechanism randomly responds with a fixed-size subset of the categories with calibrated probability assignment. Specially for uniform ordinal data, we propose a circling technique to symmetrically randomizing categories and estimating frequencies of categories, hence the computational/space costs and estimation performance of SEM are further optimized. Besides contributing theoretical error bounds of SEM, we also evaluate the mechanism on extensive scenarios, the evaluation results show that SEM reduces distribution estimation error on average by exp(∊/2) factor over existing private mechanisms.


A former representative for Scotland on the Council of the College of Health Care Chaplain (CHCC), and while in post, chair of the CHCC Professional Services and Registration Group, reflects on the questions, issues and process of professional registration for healthcare chaplains.


The "New Directions" guidelines first implemented by AID ten years ago directed the Agency's assistance program to the least developed groups in society. This orientation was notable for focusing on the needs of, especially, the rural poor. Earlier assessments of development having revealed that measures of growth in terms of GNP and per capita income were illusory for what they disguised about what was happening to the poor, AID took the bold step of declaring its intention to aim assistance more explicitly at disadvantaged populations, the weakest segments of less developed societies. The program undertaken was meant to involve the poor more directly in design and implementation activities. Participation became a key concern as the feasibility of projects in the local socio-cultural milieu was assessed and beneficiary groups identified. By working more closely with so-called target groups, AID reasoned that those members of society most in need would be more certain of benefiting from the technical assistance offered. By evaluating project validity in terms of social soundness, AID intended to prevent a wealthy elite from profiting at the expense of the poor majority. Social soundness introduced a point of view which focused on the distribution of benefits among the population, especially the needy. Sociologists were asked to go to the poorest of the poor to find out their problems. While this shift in orientation demonstrated a coming to terms with the inequitable impacts ofearlier programs, it did not witness a change in the magnitude of local participation of the scale which social soundness was intended to promote. Although the Agency has borne witness during this period to a growth in consciousness of the significance of social factors in the development process, still the transfer of skills to host country nationals has not been sufficient to enable them to run programs themselves, an admittedly fundamental objective. AID'S present system of accountability, based largely on the achievement of technological goals, forces officers and advisors to undertake administrative and technological activities themselves, and has limited their willingness to involve local participants more in activities whose successful unfolding or not is the basis upon which the competency of the AID officer is judged. The major objective of the AID program for this reason can no longer be the development of beneficiary groups chosen from among the poor, but more broadly the transfer of skills and the development of human resources. To encourage its personnel to work more in the collaborative mode, AID needs to establish criteria for measuring host country participation and growth of capability. By holding its people accountable more for skills transfer than for strict adherence to technological models and fiscal and legal regulations, AID can help to create the environment in which human resource development takes place. Although the benefit incidence of programs should not be entirely disregarded, it is participation which more closely represents the social soundness of development. In our present conception of beneficiary groups we retain the implied notion that development is something we do for or to people; we want instead to have people participating in generating growth themselves. By abandoning the current commitment to the technological approach, as discussed below, in favor of one which more promotes management skills development, AID will demonstrate support for the social soundness of its projects and programs. This paper is an attempt to identify features of the AID system which weaken the Agency's assistance effort and is based on the author's experience within the Agency in Washington and at post. The discussion is focused on the social soundness component in the AID program, but strikes more broadly at the operation of the AID system of assistance as a totality. The perspective on AID presented here is a function of the author's direct involvement in all aspects of mission planning and programming and of contact and collaboration with colleagues whose experience in AID and development has been lengthy and profound. In no way do the perspectives of these individuals necessarily correspond to those of the author; yet their willingness to share experiences and views has been invaluable in coming to appreciate more the meaning of events. The level of awareness that colleagues in AID have demonstrated of the needs of people in developing countries, of their limitations and aspirations, repeatedly has been apparent and profoundly gratifying. The attempt in this paper to identify encumbrances in the AID system is in no way intended to subvert the efforts of these individuals. The objective, rather, is to take a critical stance because it is potentially constructive to do so, and recommend ways in which the AID program can be improved.


On Jalan P.B Sudirman there are 3 intersections. The conditions of the three intersections are currently uncoordinated, as a result, vehicles that have just passed the Puputan Renon Intersection have to stop waiting for the green phase to return at the FE Unud Intersection and the same thing also happens at the Waturenggong Intersection. As a result, long queues, delays, and the number of stops, especially during peak hours, are unavoidable. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of proper coordination between intersections, to reduce traffic jams at the three intersections. The purpose of this study is to analyze the signal coordination between the three intersections using TRANSYT 15 software. The research was conducted by analyzing primary data and secondary data with MKJI to obtain values of Capacity, Queue Length, Delay, Saturation Degree, and Level of Service for existing conditions, then analyze the existing signal settings for the three intersections using the Time-Distance Diagram method. Signal coordination analysis was performed using TRANSYT 15 and the results from the software were compared with the existing conditions. The result show that the arm Capacity has increased from the existing condition at The Puputan Renon, FE Unud, and Waturenggong Intersections, they were 36.93%, 21.43%, and 70.16%, Degrees of Saturation were decreased to 23%, 29.14%, and 41.53%, and the Number Stop Value were decreased to 94.08%, 73.21%, and 83.74%. From the results of this study, it can be applied to reduce congestion that occurs along P.B. Sudirman Street.