In order to overcome the problems in the parameter estimation of the Muskingum model, this paper introduces a new swarm intelligence optimization algorithm—Wolf Pack Algorithm (WPA). A new multi-objective function is designed by considering the weighted sum of absolute difference (SAD) and determination coefficient of the flood process. The WPA, its solving steps of calibration, and the model parameters are designed emphatically based on the basic principle of the algorithm. The performance of this algorithm is compared to the Trial Algorithm (TA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Results of the application of these approaches with actual data from the downstream of Ankang River in Hanjiang River indicate that the WPA has a higher precision than other techniques and, thus, the WPA is an efficient alternative technique to estimate the parameters of the Muskingum model. The research results provide a new method for the parameter estimation of the Muskingum model, which is of great practical significance to improving the accuracy of river channel flood routing.


ACASE OFSUBLINGUALCELLULITISFOLLOWINGTONSILLECTOMY. Presented byDR.GEORGE FETTEROLF. Three days following tonsil removal under general anesthesia, the patient, a woman of middle age, began to complain of pain in the right side of the throat. Two days later moderate swelling of the neck, floor of the mouth and tongue and edema of the epiglottis was present. The leukocyte count was elevated to 10,100; the temperature to about two degrees above normal. For several days this swelling increased. A tracheotomy was averted by spontaneous resolution of the cellulitis following external heat applications and the use of alkaloidal sedatives. It was the feeling of Dr. Fetterolf that the most plausible explanation of the condition was thrombosis of the lingual vein with concomitant stasis in the venae comites of the lingual artery, sublingual and superior laryngeal veins. ACASE OFTONSILLARVERTIGO ANDASTHMA. Presented byDR. W.


Managing a software development project presents many difficulties. Most software development projects are considered less than successful, and many are simply cancelled. Ineffective project management has been cited as a major factor contributing to these failures. Project management tools can greatly assist managers in tracking and controlling their projects. However, their structured and analytical nature does not necessarily match the decision-making styles of project managers.This paper presents the results of an empirical laboratory study that examined the influence of decision style on a project manager's use of the project management tool, Microsoft Project. Project managers from eight companies participated in the study, and generated an interesting pattern indicating that significant differences exist with respect to the use made of a project management tool when the project manager's decision style is taken into consideration. The results clearly indicate that when completing certain tasks, such as developing an initial project plan, project managers preferring a more directive or analytical approach to decision making significantly outperformed those project managers preferring a more conceptual or behavioral approach, both in regard to the time taken to complete the plan, and the accuracy of the plan.


The primary objective of the Dairy Standard Agency (DSA) is the promotion of the compliance of milk and other dairy products with product composition, food safety and metrology standards.


This report details the findings of the 2010 annual seagrass monitoring survey for Port Curtis and Rodds Bay and seasonal mapping of seagrasses within the Western Basin region of the port. The report integrates 2010 survey data with previous long-term monitoring assessments conducted since 2002, assessing seagrass meadow area, biomass and species composition. The 2010 survey included assessments of intertidal and shallow subtidal meadows in the Western Basin region from The Narrows to Boyne River as well as long-term monitoring meadows located in Rodds Bay. This survey was part of the Port Curtis Integrated Monitoring Program (PCIMP) and a bi-annual assessment of inner harbour seagrasses undertaken since November 2009 as a part of increased monitoring for planned harbour expansion and dredging programs.

Compared to the broad distribution of meadows mapped in the 2009 whole of port baseline reassessment, the November 2010 survey found a significant reduction in total area and biomass of seagrass throughout the Western Basin region. While the majority of seagrass loss was in the subtidal meadows, many intertidal meadows were reduced in density and abundance from previous years. In addition, some intertidal meadows where dugong feeding trails were consistently recorded in previous surveys had substantially reduced in seagrass coverage with no signs of
recent feeding activity in November 2010.

In 2010, seagrass meadows that have been monitored annually since 2002 were in a more susceptible condition relative to previous years. Total distribution of the fifteen monitoring meadows (including the new monitoring meadows in the Narrows and surrounding the Channel Islands) was approximately 42% lower in 2010 from 2009 estimates. Specific concerns were those meadows absent in 2010 including the Fishermans Landing subtidal meadows and an intertidal South Trees meadow adjacent to major port facilities. Other intertidal meadows that had also contracted in distribution and abundance were uncharacteristic from previous assessments.

The major driver of seagrass change is likely to be climate related as similar declines have been observed state-wide following a significant wet season in late 2009 to early 2010. Rainfall, river flow and elevated temperature are suggested as the major drivers of seagrass dynamics in the Port Curtis area. Should climate conditions become more favourable to seagrass growth we would expect to see recovery of these seagrass meadows.

Since late 2009, assessments of light and temperature have begun to provide information on in situ conditions to evaluate changes occurring at the meadow scale. Long-term collection of such data within meadows will enhance the effectiveness of the monitoring program by distinguishing some natural versus anthropogenic drivers of seagrass change. Low light levels within a number of meadows suggest seagrass may already be subject to low light stress reducing their potential resilience to future impacts. The light data collected during 2010 supports a reduction in available light being one of the primary causes of seagrass decline.

The loss of some meadows, together with potential water quality issues have left the seagrasses of Port Curtis in a condition where they may be vulnerable to additional stresses including those associated with dredging. A more complete understanding of the environmental requirements of
seagrasses in Port Curtis is being developed as part of additional seagrass studies connected with the Western Basin development (Chartrand et al. 2010). These studies will help to accurately inform environmental management of future developments.


Designing control systems with a level of resilience against malicious attack has become an important problem because a number of attack incidents recently occurred resulted in significant damages. Resilient state estimation refers to a method of correctly estimating plant states in spite of attacks on sensors. The underlying principle for the majority of existing resilient state estimation methods is to take advantage of redundancies in sensing. More specifically, in order to tolerate (i.e., correctly estimate the plant states) attacks on up to $q$ sensors, the plant must satisfy 2q-redundant observability. In this work, we propose a sensor output coding based resilient state estimation that tolerates the same level of attacks but requires the plant to satisfy a relaxed condition of q-redundant observability. The coding based mechanism identifies the attacked sensors and invokes a state estimator that uses only intact sensors. This enables a correct state estimation even if more than half the sensors are corrupted, which is not possible in most existing works. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, simulation results are presented.


Shielding is a method to protect electronic devices from electromagnetic interference and the protection is usually provided by using an enclosure. This ability of protection is quantified by shielding effectiveness (SE). Most of methods to predict SE are about empty enclosures. It has been shown that the presence of contents affects the SE and hence they should be considered.
The power balance (PWB) method is widely used for analysing shielding problems of populated enclosures. By using this method, the contents are represented by their absorption cross sections (ACS). Previous ACS measurements were performed when the contents were unpowered. This might be a problem if the contents contain active devices. In order to investigate the influence of power states on ACS, we measured the ACS of some computer components when they were powered on and off. Comparison suggests that their ACS barely change in different power states. Therefore, it can be concluded that power state has little effect on ACS measurements.
The PWB method assumes that in the steady state, the internal field of an enclosure is uniform, which is not true when the internal loss is high. In order to overcome this limitation, a 2D diffusion model has been proposed. It stems from acoustics and is a generalization of the PWB method. In this work, the 2D model has been expanded to a 3D one. The 3D diffusion model was verified by using it to predict the power density in a populated enclosure and compare the predictions with those obtained by full wave simulation and measurement. The result indicates that when the loss in an enclosure is high, the internal field is not uniform and the 3D diffusion model is able to describe the variation of field.


With the rapid growth of consumer demand for high-quality audio-visual media content such as 4K/8K and VR/AR., broadcasting services are becoming diversified and refined and the existing broadcast television network is difficult to meet the demand. 5G link will become an important communication channel for broadcasting services. Among them, the detection of idle spectrum is particularly important. In this paper, we use a convolutional neural network (CNN) module to solve the task of detection of idle spectrum. Experiment demonstrates that the CNN module is better than the traditional energy detection (ED) module. We compare CNN with ED when the signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) varies constantly to validate the scheme proposed in this paper.


Sand transport pathways are predicted, by combining outputs from an hydrodynamic numerical model with empirical sediment transport formulae. Tidal simulations, combined with various wind conditions, are compared with patterns presented in the literature. Results show that tides determine the long-term transport pattern in the area; this consists mainly of an ebb-dominated (North Sea towards Channel) mid-Strait region and flood-dominated pathways along the coastlines, which narrow towards the (Dover) Strait. Localised transport paths are identified; these are believed to be responsible partially for the presence of large sandbanks. Superimposed SW and NE wind activity overwhelms the tidally-induced pattern; this occurs infrequently and long-term pattern is not affected. The superimposed effect of surface waves is investigated (but not presented in detailed here); it is shown to be of limited importance.


The entrepreneurs play a great role in the development of private economy in Jilin province and the revival of the traditional industry base,but there are so few high quality entrepreneurs for the personal development,and also for the influence of social environment as service,policy and ideas.Therefore,the outer environment must be created for the growth of the entrepreneurs and the training system should be established.The entrepreneurs with high quality training could make a great contribution to the private economy in Jilin province.


Artificial intelligence is already on the list of technologies that have changed the face of war forever, following gunpowder, the internal combustion engine, the airplane, nuclear weapons, aircraft carriers, etc. Artificial intelligence can give new content to military power. Artificial intelligence is at the center of almost all advances in defense technology. It determines, for example, how the military recruits and trains soldiers, deploys armed forces and, finally, how they fight. Human rights activists advocate a ban on the use of artificial intelligence in certain military developments. Such innovative weapons are called Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS). They call for a ban on combat robots with artificial intelligence in war. Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) is a type of military systems capable of finding and engaging targets without human involvement based on a library of images embedded in the base. The danger is that the system can use weapons without a human (operator) command. Today artificial intelligence in the military sector does not make such decisions by itself. The system can detect and recognize a likely target and suggest options to the operator. However, opponents of artificial intelligence say, it is almost impossible to verify whether the device was actually working autonomously or not. The behavior of such systems should be considered in the case of losing communication during combat operations. And this situation is not excluded at all. There is no international law prohibiting such developments. A large group of international non-governmental organizations, public and religious figures offer to create an international treaty with a preventive ban on autonomous weapons.


The reactions of Me3Al and Me3Ga with cis-2,3-dimethylaziridine (1-H), 3-pyrroline (2-H) and pyrrolidine (3-H) have been investigated. At room temperature, monomeric adducts [Me3M·LH] are obtained (M = Al, Ga; L = 1−3). [Me3Al·1-H] is the first example of a structurally characterized adduct of an aziridine and a group 13 metal. On heating in mesitylene, all adducts except [Me3Ga·2-H] evolve methane to form the corresponding amides; the Ga complexes require somewhat higher temperatures for this reaction. In contrast to the unsubstituted aziridine derivatives (which are trimers), dimethylaziridine amides Me2M-1 are dimers, as shown by X-ray crystallography. NMR spectroscopic data suggest the occurrence of a cis-trans equilibrium for these dimers in solution. For the pyrroline and pyrrolidine derivatives, the X-ray structures suggested large changes in the C−C and C−N bond lengths on formation of the adducts and amides. However, DFT calculations reveal that these changes are artefacts, and that the real bond length changes are fairly modest. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)


In the process of analyzing the clamping system of injection molding, friction is an important factor influencing the property of the system. As a result, in the designing of the system, we must consider not only to reduce friction between pins and rods or templates for improving the property of the system when the system is moving but also to lock the mould due to the friction after the system closed. But now, technologists almost neglect the friction , which it reduces the process. But it will make the outcome inaccurate. We fry to afford more references to technologists by analyzing the friction deeply.


Resume Evaluation of calcium phosphating process realized on the Mg-3Al-1Zn alloy surface after grinding was investigated by electrochemical tests supported by photodocumentation. The electrodeposition treatment was performed by electrochemical method in water solution of Ca(NO3)2.4H2O, (NH4)2HPO4 and H2O2. The formation of calcium phosphate was divided into several stages and described using light microscopy. The progress in corrosion protection of created calcium phosphate layer in 0.9% NaCl after particular electrodeposition steps was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results in the form of Nyquist plots were analyzed using equivalent circuits.


Current global economic trends, trade competition and technological change, have greatly expanded the complexity of labour market contracts and increased the number of employees working under temporary work status and non-standard forms of employment. Part of economic theory tries to explain the influence of those labour market trends on migration. This is particularly important in the case of Croatia, which has been experiencing a large scale of emigration in recent years. The number of people that left abroad increased four times from 2012. The aim of this paper is to investigate the role of precarious employment in international migration movements, especially from Croatia, but also from Central and East European countries (CEEC). Data on migration, wages, employment quality, GDP and unemployment used in this paper come from the Croatian Bureau of Statistics for Croatia and Eurostat databases for the rest of the sample.


Voting patterns are the reflection of democratic traditions that are imbibed within the societal fabric. Pakistan and Australia are far off in case of developmental comparison but there seems to be similar barriers in the societies of both states in relation to women participation and role in politics. This article highlights the patterns which are prevalent in both societies in regards to voting decisions of female diaspora by empirical analysis and identify the similarities and contrasts in voting behaviour of two asymmetrically developed states facing the similar problems of limited role of women in politics. Based on the quantitative data analysis, this article focuses on the comparative analysis of the voting behavior of the two societies and indicates the criteria of rational decision making of the two developmentally different diaspora while advocating the basic notion of women political emancipation in the political sphere of life. Keywords: Voting behaviour, Pakistan, Australia, Women political Participation, Political Interest.


white fabric has delighted the heart of king and commoner alike. It is centered mainly in the northern heartland of India, namely Lucknow, the capital of a large state, called Uttar Pradesh. It is a complex and elegant craft that has come down to us, evolving, over the years into an aesthetic form of great beauty. That it has survived the loss of royal patronage, suffered deeply at the hands of commercialization, lost its way sometimes in mediocrity and yet stayed alive, is a tribute to the skill and will of the craftspersons who have handed down this technique from one generation to another. There exist several kinds of white embroidery in Europe and across the world, each unique and distinct. Students of this craft like to believe that all forms of embroidery, in some way influence, imitate or complement each other. That may be true to some extent, but right at the onset, let me say that Chikankari is a genre quite unique from other embroideries. Chikankari is at once, simple and elegant, subtle and ornate. This heavy embroidery intricately worked on fine white muslin created a magical effect uniquely its own. The light embroidered fabric was most appropriate for the heat and dust of the North Indian summers. From the time of its inception, Chikan garments spelt class and craft. They implied a particular richness without appearing to be showy and ornamental. The whispering whites became quietly symbolic of a very gracious and sophisticated way of life. Chikan craft had the power of understatement. You've got to see old Chikan to believe what artistry was possible through nimble fingers and some raw skeins of thread. Today, this delicate form of embroidery is traditionally practiced in and around the city of Lucknow. Lucknow is a lovely old city, a city of old gardens and palaces, fine architectural conceits mosques, temples and aging monuments, a city so favoured by European travelers once upon a time, that it was popularly called 'the Constantinople of the East'. Like Marseille, it has a great deal of historicity. It is synonymous with architectural elegance, cultural finesse, social warmth and an enduring love for gracious living. Lucknow also has the distinction of being today, the cusp of a very beautiful, very aesthetic form of white floral embroidery, unique to this geographical location. Chikankari has been practiced in Lucknow for almost more than two hundred years. But it did not originate in Lucknow. It flourished in the Mughal Court at Delhi in the 16 th and 17 th centuries. When the Mughal courts disintegrated the artisans scattered across the country. Some of them came and settled in Awadh. They brought this craft with them and gave it roots.


This article describes the role of nanotechnology in cancer treatment. Also the article deals with conceptssuch as "nano", nanotechnology", "nanotherapy"; the methods of cancer nanotherapy are indicated.


Objective: Effects of anodizing electrolyte during anodization on biocompatibility of osteoblasts to pure titanium surface were investigated. Methods: The samples were anodized in the 0.2 M H3PO4 solution and the mixture of 0.03M calcium glycerophosphate (Ca-GP) and 0.15M calcium acetate (CA) with current density 70 A/m2 and voltage 200V. Osteoblasts (SaOS-2) were cultured on cp Ti and anodized titanium surfaces. Cytotoxicity, cell proliferation and cell differentiation were investigated. Results: Cytotoxicity test indicated that pure titanium specimens anodized in electrolytes used in this study had no cytotoxicity on human osteoblasts. There was no significant difference of cell proliferation between the specimens anodized in 0.2M H3PO4 and cp Ti after 1, 2 or 4 days cell culture. However, cell proliferation on the specimens anodized in the mixture of 0.03M calcium glycerophosphate (Ca-GP) and 0.15M calcium acetate (CA) was significantly enhanced than on cp Ti. The result of cell differentiation test indicated that the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of mixture group was significantly reduced than the cp Ti group and H3PO4 group after 4 days cell culture. Conclusion: The cytocompatility of anodized pure titanium may be affected by the components of electrolyte.


PURPOSE: A method and a device for detecting a face are provided to precisely detect a face area by using a PCA(Principle Component Analysis) and an LDA(Linear Discriminant Analysis) representing a complex pattern of the face to a few main component values. CONSTITUTION: A preprocessor(602) preprocesses an image inputted from a camera(601). An image size changer(603) changes the size of the preprocessed image. A PCA-LDA converter(604) performs the PCA-LDA conversion for each image. A template matching engine(605) detects the most similar target area by matching the PCA-LDA converted image with a template. A template storage(606) stores the template previously prepared from the template matching. An image size adjuster(607) adjusts the size of the image area extracted as a template matching result.


Female urinary incontinence is a pathology with significant implications for patients and their families and has a great economic impact on health services. In the United Kingdom, it is estimated that 46% of women who access primary care clinics complain of stress urinary incontinence, urgency or mixed (box): for each of these variants there are care pathways based on the predominant symptom. This article summarizes the most recent recommendations of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) on assisting women with urinary incontinence and replaces the previous guideline published in October 2006, the updating of which was necessary due to the availability of new treatments (eg botulinum toxin type A, urethral sling) and continuous technological innovations. The NICE recommendations are based on a systematic review of the best available evidence and on explicit consideration of the cost-effectiveness of health interventions. When the evidence is limited, the recommendations are based on the experience of the group that produced the guideline - Guidelines Development Group (GDG) - and on the rules of good clinical practice.


Diaryl- and Alkylaryl-substituted 2-aminofurancarboxylates have been obtained as Schiff bases 5,6 by cyclization of 2-ethoxycarbonyl-4-oxonitriles 3,4; which result from hydrogen cyanide addition to ethyl α-acylcinnamates 1,2.


The theoretical dependence of the suppression factor for the cross section for quasielastic scattering of electrons on the emitted-proton energy is normalized to the experimental data for the nuclei /sup 6,7/Li and /sup 9/Be. The dependence obtained permits the measured values of the quasielastic electron-scattering cross section to be described in terms of the shell model over a wide range of momentum transfers (280< or =s< or =600 MeV/c).


Over the last decade, high dimensional data have been popularly paid attention to in bioinformatics. These data increase the likelihood of detecting the most promising novel information. However, there are limitations of high-performance computing and overfitting issues. To overcome the issues, alternative strategies need to be explored for the detection of true important features. A two-stage approach, filtering and variable selection steps, has been receiving attention. Filtering methods are divided into two categories of individual ranking and feature subset selection methods. Both have issues with the lack of consideration for joint correlation among features and computing time of an NP-hard problem. Therefore, we proposed a new filter ranking method (PF) using the elastic net penalty with sure independence screening (SIS) based on resampling technique to overcome these issues. We demonstrated that SIS-LASSO, SIS-MCP, and SIS-SCAD with the proposed filtering method achieved superior performance of not only accuracy, AUROC, and geometric mean but also true positive detection compared to those with the marginal maximum likelihood ranking method (MMLR) through extensive simulation studies. In addition, we applied it in a real application of colon and lung cancer gene expression data to investigate the classification performance and power of detecting true genes associated with colon and lung cancer.


Objective
To observe the clinical efficacy of Jieguyao pills combined with autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of femoral neck fracture.

Methods
From Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2016, 90 patients with femoral neck fracture were randomly divided into three groups, 30 cases for each group. After being treated with closed reduction and hollow screw internal fixation, group A were treated with jieguyao pills, group B with PRP, and group C with Jieguyao pills and PRP. The fracture nonunion rate, femoral head necrosis rate, and Harris hip function score in the three groups were followed up and recorded.

Results
After the operation, the rates of nonunion and femoral head necrosiswere significantly lower in group C (3.33% and 3.33%) than in group A (26.67% and 30.00%) and group B (26.67% and 26.67%) , with statistical differences (all P<0.05 ) . Nine months the after operation, the Harris hip score and excellent rate were significantly higher in group C [(86.67±7.59) and 86.67%] than in group A [(78.20±11.37) and 53.33%] and group B [(80.27±9.73) and 63.33%], with statistical differences (all P<0.05 ) .

Conclusion
After closed reduction and internal fixation for femoral neck fracture, the combination of Jieguyao pills and PRP can obviously promote the fracture healing, reduce complications, and improve the patients' function of hip joint and the quality of life.

Key words:
Femoral neck fracture; Platelet-rich plasma; Jieguyao pills; Harris hip function score


Objectives  To describe associations between different summaries of adherence in the first year on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and the subsequent risk of mortality, to identify patients at high risk because of early adherence behaviour.


The most expensive source of errors and the more difficult to detect in a formal development is the error during specification. Hence, the first step in a formal development usually consists in exhibiting the set of all behaviors of the specification, for instance with an automaton. Starting from this observation, many researches are about the generation of a B machine from a behavioral specification, such as UML. However, no backward verification are done. This is why, we propose the GeneSyst tool, which aims at generating an automaton describing at least all behaviors of the specification. The refinement step is considered and appears as sub-automatons in the produced SLTS.


Water allocation models can be used to compare water sharing scenarios in regulated catchments to evaluate the effects on both the water users and the environment. These models include a representation of the physical system with modules such as flow routing, rainfall-runoff modelling or groundwater/surface water interactions, as well as management components to take into account infrastructure such as dams, canals or extraction points. Water allocation models can be complex modelling structures with a large number of parameters to be calibrated on limited datasets, especially regarding the management aspects. Additionally, these models are used as a tool in the making of long-term decisions with important social and environmental impacts. As a result, the assessment of uncertainty becomes a critical task to inform the decision-makers about the likely robustness of the model analysis and predictions. Calibration of these models is currently problematic. In particular, the errors affecting system observations are often not properly accounted for, which is a concern since these errors may be quite large. Furthermore, calibration is often performed separately on various components of the system, resulting in inconsistencies when the components are linked. These deficiencies make it difficult to quantify the uncertainty in the predictions of the entire system performance. The Bayesian approach provides a platform to directly address the sources of uncertainty (input, output, and model error) in the model calibration and prediction process. This study seeks to develop a Bayesian multi- response method for use with river system models, allowing joint calibration to all sources of information available in a particular application. Unlike the traditional approach, joint calibration forces consistency in performance across the entire system. Moreover, the Bayesian approach provides a framework for a proper accounting of uncertainty both in the inferred parameters and in the model predictions. This study illustrates the application of the Bayesian multi-response calibration approach to the STICKMAN model, a simplified river system model which describes key aspects of complex river basin models such as IQQM but is computationally less demanding. The model was calibrated using a Weighted Least Squares method in a synthetic data study. Model calibration used both single and multiple response data (eg. streamflow at the outlet and at internal system nodes, reservoir time series, etc.) to investigate the improvements in parameter estimation associated with the inclusion of additional responses. The use of multiple response data during model calibration was generally found to reduce parameter uncertainty. However, the extent of reductions in uncertainty depended on which responses were included, highlighting that some sources of data are more informative than others. This supports the findings of Kuczera and Mroczkowski's (1998), who conclude that the value of new sources of response data should be assessed a priori before embarking on (potentially expensive) field campaigns. This study reports the first findings in this project. Future work will explore the effects of multiple response data on model predictive performance, further develop the STICKMAN model to better represent processes and errors, and finally consider IQQM case studies.


This paper analyzes the internal relations between the problems existing in most small and medium-size enterprises after the reform and the property right combination,and advances the basic idea of deepening the reform and several combination modes of the property right of small and medium-size enterprise after the reform.


In this paper, we report the progress on a harmonic kicker development as an injection device for the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) of the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL). INTRODUCTION The RCS of the EIC is an electron energy booster in the injection complex to the Electron Storage Ring (ESR), which provides polarized (∼ 80%) electron beam with a high bunch charge (28 nC) in electron-ion collisions in the ESR [1]. In the RCS, the electron beam is accelerated up to 5-18 GeV, while forming a 28 nC-bunch out of four "smaller" 7 nC bunches via quasi-adiabatic merging. Injection of these bunches into the ring requires an ultra-fast deflecting kicker on the injected bunches, while not affecting preceding passing bunches spaced by 1/fb = 1.7 ns. A harmonic kicker resonator can generate such a sharp-peaked kick with rise/fall time comparable to 1/fb made of a linear combination of harmonic RF modes. Originally developed for the ultrafast beam exchange scheme in the CCR of the JLEIC [2], a harmonic kicker is applicable to a wide range of beam dynamics in the injection schemes. In this paper, we present a harmonic kicker design compatible with the RCS injection beam parameters of the pulsed beam—unlike the CW beam of the JLEIC—, which is injected at the period of 10 ms and revolves around the ring in Trev =12.8 μs. A normal conducting quarter wave resonator (QWR) can accommodate a few number of odd harmonic modes in a straightforward way with its co-axial structure and was prototyped as a kicker cavity for the CCR/JLEIC [3, 4]. We derive the expected RF performance of a QWR as a harmonic kicker for the RCS injection via a simple scaling of the figures of merit from a few JLEIC prototype designs. We also report the progress on the latest JLEIC prototype demonstration, whose fabrication is near completion. The prototype will be tested with the low-energy beam at the Upgraded Injector Test Facility (UITF) of the Jefferson Lab. INJECTION SCHEME OF THE RCS According to the injection scheme [1], one full-cycle of the beam injection from an injector (linac) to the RCS consists of four pairs of bunches separated by 10 ms—eight pairs with the upgrade. In each pair, two bunches are spaced by 2 μs and each bunch has a bunch charge of 7 nC and beam energy of 400 MeV—for a pulsed beam structure, see Fig. 1 and for the beam parameters, Table 1. In the RCS, each injected pair joins the ring via a harmonic kicker and circulates the ring with the revolution period Trev =12.8 μs. After many passes of the injected pair, the next pair is injected at the moment of one RF cycle (1/fb) after each bunch in the injected pair passes the kick point. At the end of a full injection cycle, there will be two bunch trains with each train consisting of four bunches ( eight bunches in upgrade), ready for acceleration and merging, which takes about 0.5∼ 1 s. RCS Injection line ~2μs ~10 ms the n-th bunch pair the (n+1)-th bunch pair kicker Linac 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 ~1.6ns ~2 μs Kick voltage envelope in the cavity Tdecay ~10μs Tfill ~10μs Tflat-top ~2μs Microwaveform Figure 1: The schematics of the RCS illustrating the injection scheme. The microwaveforms are near zero on passing (1,2,3) pairs while peaked on the injected pair (4). Table 1: The Beam Parameters of the RCS Injection. The Twiss Parameters are at the Injection Point Parameters Unit Value Revolution period Trev μs 12.8 Beam energy Eb MeV 400 Bunch charge Qb nC 7 Bunch length lb cm 12 Bunch rep. rate fb MHz 591.258 Kick angle θ mrad 1 Kick voltage Vk kV 400 Beam aperture g mm 40 WAVEFORM DESIGN Baseline Waveforms of a Harmonic Kicker A fast injection into the RCS without the preceding bunches (by 1/fb) affected can be achieved by a harmonic kicker that can provide a sharply peaked kick profile (around the injected bunch) with rise/fall time comparable to the bunch spacing: the kick voltage by a harmonic kicker is given as Vk(t) = ∑ N n=0 An cos nωkt, where N is the number of the modes, An amplitude of each mode, and ωk = 2πfk with fk base frequency. The baseline waveforms for the RCS 12th Int. Particle Acc. Conf. IPAC2021, Campinas, SP, Brazil JACoW Publishing ISBN: 978-3-95450-214-1 ISSN: 2673-5490 doi:10.18429/JACoW-IPAC2021-WEPAB019 WEPAB019 C on te nt fr om th is w or k m ay be us ed un de rt he te rm s of th e C C B Y 3. 0 lic en ce (© 20 21 ). A ny di st ri bu tio n of th is w or k m us tm ai nt ai n at tr ib ut io n to th e au th or (s ), tit le of th e w or k, pu bl is he r, an d D O I 2632 MC1: Circular and Linear Colliders T12 Beam Injection/Extraction and Transport injection are shown in Fig. 2 and the corresponding specification of harmonic kicker is listed in Table 2. As can be seen from Fig. 2, the baseline waveforms deliver zero kicks with zero kick slopes on passing bunches with the least degradation of the beam quality. According to Table 3, the 4-bunch scheme would require two kicker cavities (one at the base frequency of 147.8 MHz with n = 1, 3 and the other with n = 2), while the 8-bunch scheme needs one more cavity at 73.9 MHz with n = 1, 3, 5, 7. Both schemes would need the DC kicks by the magnets as well. 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 time (s) 10-8 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4


The main objective of this study was to determine the mass transfer for extraction of peanut (Arachis hypogea) skin by using drying models as alternatives extraction models. The mass transfer was measured at the pressure ranging from 10 MPa to 30 MPa, temperature of 40 oC to 70 oC, and rate of modifier 0.075 mL/min to 0.225 mL/min. The Lewis, Page, Peleg, Henderson and Pabis, and Avhad and Macetti as drying models were modified to illustrate the extraction process and to transform as alternative empirical models. An average absolute relative deviation percentage (AARD%) of Lewis, Page, Peleg, Henderson Pabis, and Avhad-Macetti was 9.52%, 4.67%, 19.41%, 0.26%, and 0.04%. Avhad and Macetti model offered the best fitting between experimental data and modelling data. The results showed that drying model was applicable to correlate the experimental data of extraction process due to low percentage of error and high coefficient determination.


Crowdsourcing is a new concept enabled by evolving information and communication technologies. It is based on the framework of group intelligence. It is a promising way to encourage citizens to participate in monitoring of government projects. Social media applications facilitating real-time data collection, categorization and redistribution from crowds to crowds can also make project monitoring efficient. In view of the above this study was conducted to determine the parameters that can be used in the design and development of a crowdsouring platform for monitoring government projects. In order to achieve this, data from the Ministry of Public Works, Government of Kenya was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, and was analysed using SPSS. The results show that there is very little interaction between the government and citizens in project monitoring as the response rate was low at 4%. Forty-five (45%) percent of the project monitoring work is done by the technical staff perhaps because they have the expertise and can provide opinions depending on their experience, specific abilities, specializations or skills. Majority (43.3%) of the respondents were below 30 years of age, and had work experience of less than 5 years. The results further indicate that a significant proportion of the people involved in government project monitoring are male at 80% response rate. The most critical parameter in project monitoring is the status of the completion of the project. The monitoring is mainly through site visits and the response rate for it corresponded to 88.3%. It was noted that most (36.7%) of the respondents monitored projects on monthly basis. The study establishes various parameters for designing a crowd-sourcing platform for monitoring government projects. These include the nature of the crowd, contributions made by the crowd, incentives and motivations of the crowd and the process of evaluating the contributions that are made.


This study focuses on reading teaching-learning process at the seventh grade of SMP N 2 Sawit Boyolali. This study is aimed at describing the teaching objective, curriculum, syllabus, material, aspect of the process of reading,
classroom procedure in reading teaching-learning process, classroom activities in reading teaching-learning process, the roles of teacher, method for teaching reading, the roles of students, and problem faced in reading teaching-learning process. This is descriptive one especially ethnography research. The subject of the study is the seventh grade students of SMP N 2 Sawit Boyolali which consists of 24 students. The writer uses non-statistical analysis to analyze the data. Based on the research finding, the objective of teaching in SMP N 2 Sawit Boyolali is to enrich the students' vocabulary by providing the material to memorize. Besides, the students understand the text both the content of the text and the tittle of the
text when the teacher is explaining the material. And the students recognize the instruction when the teacher asked the students to transtale the sentence. The curriculum is the 2006 Curriculum. The syllabus is based on school level-based curriculum. The material used in reading teaching-learning process were only the Workbook. The methods used by the teacher in teaching-learning process of
reading in SMP N 2 Sawit is Genre-based Approach (GBA). The English teacher applies two approaches, namely: bottom-up and top-down. The procedures of reading teaching-learning process involve in four main procedures, namely
Building Knowledge of Field (BKOF), Modeling of the Text (MOT), Joint Construction of the Text (JCOT), and Individual Construction of the Text (ICOT). There are five aspects to the process of reading: phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and fluency. The teacher's roles are as a monitor, controller, and model. The students' roles are as listener and performer.
The writer also finds problems faced by the teacher are the teacher finds difficulties in managing the students in the class, the students did not focus in learning English, and the low input value of the students and problem faced by the
students are the students have low motivation in learning English, the students have problem in interpreting the content of English reading, the students also have difficulties in translating the words from English into Indonesian and Indonesian into English, and the students have bad pronunciation. is in writing a word or sentence.


The invention provides a PROFIBUS embedded type Web gateway with a security mechanism. By the adoption of the PROFIBUS embedded type Web gateway with the security mechanism, a PROFIBUS is made to have access to the Internet. Hardware mainly comprises an ARM9 processor, a PROFIBUS communication interface circuit, an Internet communication interface circuit and the like. A software structure comprises an embedded type Linux operation system, an embedded type Web server, a database and the like. When the PROFIBUS is made to have access to the Internet through the PROFIBUS embedded type Web gateway, the three measures that the mandatory access control concept is applied to user access control, the SSL protocol is applied to encryption transmission of data and a classification system log is used for providing non-repudiation services for a system are adopted by the gateway at the same time for protection of the system. By the adoption of the PROFIBUS embedded type Web gateway with the security mechanism, a user can conveniently and remotely monitor devices on the PROFIBUS in real time through the Internet and the gateway, and a high security guarantee is provided for the PROFIBUS system through the designed security mechanism.


The Mediator is a multi-protein complex composed of subunits called head, body, tail, and CDK that is conserved from yeast to humans and plays a central role in transcription. However, not all the components are required for basal transcription. Components of the tail are not essential but to varying degrees are required for growth in different stresses. While some stresses are familiar such as heat, desiccation, and starvation, others are exotic, yet yeast can elicit a successful stress response. MCHM is a hydrotrope that induces growth arrest in yeast. By exploiting genetic variation, specifically in Med15, between yeast strains, we found that a naturally occurring Med15 allele with polyQ (polyglutamine) expansion conferred MCHM sensitivity. Expansion in polyQ repeat can induce protein aggregation and in humans can cause neurodegenerative diseases. In yeast, the MCHM sensitivity was not from a loss of function as the reciprocal hemizygous hybrids were all sensitive and the homozygous null mutant was less sensitive than the hemizygous hybrids. This suggests that there is an incompatibility between Mediator components from genetic divergent yeast strains. Transcriptomics from yeast expressing the incompatible Med15 (longer polyQ repeats in the strain with fewer repeats) changed gene expression in diverse pathways. Med15 protein existed in multiple isoforms, mostly from likely post-translational modifications and different alleles have different patterns of isoforms. Stability of both alleles of Med15 was dependent on Ydj1, a J-type chaperone. The protein level of the incompatible Med15 allele was lower than the compatible allele and was turned over faster. Med15 is tethered to the rest of the Mediator complex via Med2 and 3. Deletion of either Med2 or Med3 changed the Med15 isoform patterns in a similar manner. Whereas deletion of Med5, a distal component of the Mediator tail, did not change the pattern. The med2 and med3 mutants were similarly sensitive to MCHM while med5 mutants were not. Differences in the phenotype of yeast carrying different Med15 alleles extend to other stresses. The incompatible allele of Med15 improved growth of yeast to chemicals that produce free radicals and the compatible allele of Med15 improved growth to reducing agents, caffeine, and hydroxyurea. Med15 directly interacts with Gcn4 and other TFs and in vitro form phase-separated droplets. This variation may reflect the positive and negative role that Med15 has in transcription. Genetic variation in transcriptional regulators can magnify differences in response to environmental changes, in contrast, genetic variation in a metabolic enzyme. These polymorphic control genes are master variators.


Objectives: The human urate transporter 1 (URAT1, encoded by SLC22A12) was recently identified as the major absorptive urate transporter protein in the kidney responsible for regulating blood urate levels. The present study was designed to investigate the rs893006 polymorphism (GG, GT, and TT) in SLC22A12 in a total of 292 Chinese male subjects. Differences of clinical characteristics among the genotype groups were analysed. Methods: A total of 124 consecutive patients with diagnosis of primary gout and 168 healthy male volunteers were enrolled in this study. Demographic and clinical data were obtained from the patients and controls. DNA was purified from peripheral blood and the rs893006 polymorphism was determined with sequencing analysis. In addition, DNA samples were detected by high‐resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Melting curves were analysed as fluorescence difference plots. The shift and curve shapes of melting profiles were used to distinguish the different genotypes. Results: GG, GT, and TT genotypes were unambiguously distinguished with HRM technology. Genotyping based on HRM analysis was fully concordant with the sequencing. Serum uric acid levels in the TT genotype subjects were significantly lower than those in the GG and GT genotypes. However, no differences among the groups were found in body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, creatinine, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. The TT genotype was observed more frequently among the low uric acid group than the high uric acid group. Conclusions: HRM analysis is a simple, rapid and accurate one‐tube assay for genotyping the SLCSSA12 gene. The rs893006 polymorphism in SLC22CA12 was confirmed to be a genetic risk for hyperuricaemia among the Chinese male population.


The depth of schools of immature herring in Passamaquoddy Bay was determined from echo-sounder records taken from 1947 to 1958. The records gave no information on the presence of herring between the surface and 14 ft, and any herring in this zone have been omitted from the calculations. The herring schools showed diurnal vertical movements, being closer to the surface by night than by day in every month of the year. From May until December the median depth varied from 30 to 44 ft by day and from 21 to 26 ft by night. From January to April the schools were deeper in the water by day with a median depth of 83 to 126 ft, though still rising towards the surface at night, to a median depth of 36 ft in February. No correlation was found between the mean solar radiation for the daylight hours and the median depth of herring by day in each month. Between 2° and 4–7 °C there was a significant inverse correlation between water temperature and the depth of the herring by day, but as temperature increased above 7 °C,...


Traditional link analysis treats all hyperlinks equally and makes the assumption that links confer endorsement, so that a web page author will create a link and thus have authority propagated through the link if and only if the target is valuable. Unfortunately, this assumption does not hold in today's World-Wide Web. Hyperlinks are not homogeneous, they may be created in different contexts and for different purposes. These factors will skew the web graph greatly and thus influence link-based authority calculation.
This dissertation investigates novel characteristics of hyperlinks to help a search engine focus on relevant, trustworthy, and high quality content. Two important hyperlink features—topicality and trust—are proposed and studied. We present various models to incorporate these features into authority estimation mechanisms. Through retrieval experiments on multiple datasets, we demonstrate that such models can provide strengthened measures for web page reputation that result in improved web search quality.


An image compression apparatus comprising: the first and second compression rate for compressing the input image data and outputs image compression unit 1 and the second compressed data; respectively having stored a plurality of data relative size and should 1 represents a plurality of compression ratio variation relative to the data size approximate equation approximation tables, and closest to the first data from said plurality of compression approximate expression of the plurality of selected data size is a data size data size corresponding to an approximate expression of the approximate expression selecting means; and according to the compression ratio determining unit determines the approximate equation of the second selected compression ratio. The compressed image data compression means to obtain a desired operation by up to 2 times the size of the compressed image data.


A door mirror apparatus for a vehicle is provided to reduce impact sound when the rotation of a door mirror is stopped by displacing the door mirror from the right front side of the rotation stopping position to the rotation stopping position. A door mirror apparatus for a vehicle is installed so as to be opened from a setting position to a reception position. During the setting or reception of a door mirror(7), the door mirror is stopped by displacing the door mirror from the rotation starting position to the right front side of the rotation stopping position at a predetermined opening/closing speed and by displacing the door mirror from the right front side of the rotation stopping position to the rotation stopping position at an opening/closing speed lower than the previous opening/closing speed.


Carbon nanodots made from green tea (T-CNDs) catalyzing free radical polymerization of water-soluble vinyl monomers is reported. T-CNDs-catalyzed polymerization yields a higher molecular weight as well as a narrower polydispersity index than without T-CNDs, which is attributed to good electron accepting ability of T-CNDs and redox initiators formation.


Density functional theory method N12 was used to study the mechanism of the [Ir(cod)OH]2/Xyl–MeO–BIPHEP-catalyzed para-selective C–H borylation reaction. The results revealed that the use of a bulky diphosphine ligand such as Xyl–MeO–BIPHEP was unfavorable for the previously proposed iridium(III)/iridium(V) catalytic cycle because it resulted in considerable steric repulsion in the hepta-coordinated iridium(V) intermediate. Inspired by this steric effect, we have proposed a novel iridium(I)-/iridium(III)-based catalytic cycle for this transformation and shown that it can be used to account for the experimental results. The iridium(I)/iridium(III) catalytic cycle induced by this steric effect consists of several steps, including (i) the oxidative addition of the C–H bond of the substrate to an active iridium(I) boryl complex; (ii) the reductive elimination of a C–B bond; (iii) the oxidative addition of B2pin2 to an iridium(I) hydride complex; and (iv) the reductive elimination of a B–H bond. Notably, the c...


The purpose of this study was to highlight educators' view of the Government's reading-promoting efforts to make visible if the efforts facilitate the difficulties that the teachers experience when ...


This paper analyzes the present application state of Multi-media teaching resources and evaluates its results. Aiming at some existing problems in multi-media teaching resources, the author puts forwards the student-centered principles in its design, an open principle in the improvement of its construction and an optimal catalyzation of all present teaching resources.


High resolution infrared emission spectra of BeH/BeD and BeH2/BeD2 have been recorded with a Fourier transform spectrometer. Some vibrational bands of BeH/BeD and several bands of BeH2/BeD2 were rotationally analyzed, and the equilibrium structures were determined.


Biomass fuels consist of three main segments: wood, waste, and alcohol fuels (Figure 1). Wood energy is derived from the following sources: roundwood, used primarily in the industrial and electric utility sectors; woodfuel, used predominantly in the residential and commercial sectors; and wood byproducts and wood waste, which are usually used in the industrial sector. Waste energy is derived from the following sources: mass burning of garbage; conversion of garbage to refuse-derived fuel pellets for eventual burning; collection of methane gas from landfills; and burning or anaerobic digestion of wastes. Alcohol fuel in this report refers to ethanol, typically derived from corn and used primarily in the transportation sector.


ABSTRACT In order to improve the tribological behaviour of titanium used in aerospace exploration. Dimple textures were prepared on a commercial pure titanium grade 2 (TA2) surface by laser surface texturing. Tribological behaviour of the textured TA2 was investigated under two kinds of simulated lunar soil particles in dry sliding contact. The tribological mechanisms were analysed using NanoMap-D 3D surface profilometer, scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. An orthogonal analysis was used to study the influence of dimple parameters on anti-friction and anti-wear performances. The result showed that the textured titanium surface exhibited a better anti-friction and anti-wear performance under the small particle wearing condition compared with that under the large particle. The dimple density had a remarkable effect on both the anti-friction and anti-wear performances under small particle wear, while it became weaker under large particle wear. The dimple depth had almost no effect on the tribological behaviour.


land-use change in Flanders is characterized by a rapidly growing 16 proportion of the hard surfaced area with ongoing ribbon development and an 17 increasing pressure on the remaining open space. The Spatially-Dynamic Land-Use 18 Model for Flanders or RuimteModel Vlaanderen has been developed for the Flemish 19 Ministry of the Environment and the Flemish Ministry of Spatial Planning and 20 Housing to examine the underlying causes of spatial transformations at different 21 scale levels. The model uses a constrained cellular automata approach, 22 incorporating 35 residential, economic and natural land uses to describe the annual 23 change of the land use in Flanders for the period 2010-2050. In a scenario exercise 24 developed to support the formulation of the Spatial Policy Plan Flanders, the four 25 scenarios developed as part of the Dutch WLO study for the Netherlands 26 (www.welvaartenleefomgeving.nl) are applied to Flanders in an exercise involving 27 stakeholders consultation, qualification and quantification. The integral 28 consequences of four worldviews representing different demographic, social29 economic and environmental developments in the world, Europe and Flanders are 30 simulated with respect to the detailed spatial implications during the period 201031 2050. The presentation will focus on the steps taken to implement the scenarios 32 into the RuimteModel and the qualitative evaluation of the model outcomes for the 33 different scenarios. 34 35


significant truth-claims in religion. This is not the same as discussing criteria for truth-judgments. Deciding whether some religious proposal makes a truth-claim is different from deciding whether it is true. In the former case we are deciding only whether a truth judgment is in order. In truth-judgments themselves we decide whether or not truth-claims are valid, whether proposals are true or untrue. I want to consider some necessary conditions of making truth-claims in religion. First I should explain what I mean by proposals. I mean utterances addressed to other human beings in which something is proposed (recommended). So this rules out prayers, which are not addressed to other human beings. It also rules out meditative utterances, like: The Lord is my shepherd. The Jewel in the Heart of the Lotus. For these utterances are not addressed at all. They present something to be entertained and contemplated by those who utter them. This also rules out confessions, like:


Different meteorological disasters may do harm to social and economic development and safety of people's lives and property in different degrees.The meteorological disasters classified by intensity and inhomogeneity of disasters include destroying substance,threatening the human lives' safety,breaking the social order and perturbing the social mentality.The representations and characters of each level are analyzed respectively.Based on the above classification,salvation course against meteorological disasters are presented in five steps such as social prevention,meteorological warning,social organizing,social calamity resisting,and social ministering.The contents,characters and countermeasures of each course are analyzed and concluded.


Excitons are bound states of an electron and a hole through Coulomb interaction. Optical responses from low-dimensional systems, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), is dominated by the excitonic effect even at room temperature, and exciton diffusion is one of the most important processes for understanding optical response of TMDs.


A study is made of energetic electron precipitation near the trapping boundary by observing bremsstrahlung X rays with a broad angle collimated Ge(Li) X ray spectrometer on board a spinning low-altitutde (approx.750 km) polar- orbiting satellite. With this new technique, X ray intensities are measured as a function of view direction and satellite location, and thus nearly simultaneous observations of the electron precipitation patterns over a broad area are provided. Data are presented which indicate that electron precipitation spikes may occur near the trapping boundary and remain there for time durations as long as 3 min. During some unusual cases the X ray data indicate electron precipitations at high latitudes that are very dynamic in intensity and in position with respect to the trapping boundary. Examples of such dynamic precipitation events are presented and compared with other steady cases having similar geometries.


A systematic procedure is presented for designing a knowledge base which exactly implements a specified bounded separable function in fuzzy logic. The design of a fuzzy logic control (FLC) for locally linear control is a special case of the result. Examples, including controller design for a nonlinear process control application, are presented.


A 39-year-old man was hospitalized with a history of fatigue, dyspnoea and low grade fever which seemed to be related to his working environment. The patient was employed in a salami factory, working near the area where the salami are seasoned with fungal inocula. Chest X-ray showed diffuse initial changes of reticulonodular pattern that disappeared after a brief course of steroids therapy. Precipitating antibodies to Penicillium notatum and Aspergillus fumigatus were found both in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. This, together with the finding of a lymphocytic alveolitis with CD4+ depletion and CD8+ increase, suggested the possibility of extrinsic allergic alveolitis of fungal aetiology. Qualitative and quantitative monitoring with an impinger of both the working and outside environment for aerial fungal concentration demonstrated a very high level of contamination (up to 1.14×109 fungal propagules m-3 of air) and an inside/outside ratio from 21 to about 2000. Penicillium camembertii was the mos...


This concluding chapter summarizes key themes and presents some final thoughts. Examining literature and social media, activism and politics, the book identified a techno-archaic portal, breaching the narrative of modernity. The role of the Internet as "public sphere"—a utopian framework that promised an open and nonhierarchal encounter with the other—has given way to pre-Islamic raids and sophisticated hacks, trolling and attack that come from the present and a fantasized past, and jinn-like seers and narrators of akhbār. Both the Internet and the subject of modernity are leaking, unable to contain their enlightenment and liberal narratives, or to control the gushing from a dimension that lies beyond. This leaking is not a techno-salvation, but creates the possibility of change that also involves dangerous processes and openings that risk engulfing authors and activists.


. The point of concurrency, which will be denoted by I, is the centre of the circle inscribed in ABO. This circle is often called the incircle,\ and the centre of it the incentre.* The radius of the incircle is usually denoted by r. The following method § of inscribing a circle in a given triangle will be better understood after a perusal of §4 (5). As regards practical execution it is the simplest yet obtained.


Heavy Metals Levels in soils used as a waste receptacle in Rukpokwu, Obio/Akpor, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria were assessed. The heavy metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy methods. The mean levels of the heavy metals investigated in the soil of temporary dumpsites of Rukpokwu were; iron (Fe) 256.649±17.533mg/Kg, lead (Pb) 11.984±3.435mg/Kg, copper (Cu) 9.295±2.075mg/Kg, zinc (Zn) 22.268±3.669mg/Kg, cadmium (Cd) 2.897±0.584mg/Kg, manganese (Mn) 6.586±0.654mg/Kg, chromium (Cr) 12.244±1.834mg/Kg, nickel (Ni) 9.185±2.046mg/Kg, arsenic (As) 2.003±0.284mg/Kg and cobalt (Co) 2.042±0.288mg/Kg. The levels of the studied heavy metals were in the order Fe > Zn > Cr > Pb > Cu > Ni > Mn > Cd > Co > As. The pollution assessment indices used in the evaluation of the heavy metals showed that anthropogenic activities have slightly influenced the concentration of heavy metals in the temporary dumpsites. The indices were contamination factor, which showed low contamination, geo-accumulation indicated not contaminated to moderate contamination, potential ecological risk revealed low risk and potential ecological risk index showed moderate risk. These indices revealed that the studied heavy metals have contaminated the soil slightly but have not reached an alarming level. Keywords: Contamination Indices, dumpsites, heavy metals, pollution, Rukpokwu


This paper presents a three-phase integrated inverter suitable for stand-alone and/or grid-connected applications. The usage of the special features of the tri-state coupled with the special space vector modulation allows the inverter to present an attractive degree of freedom for the controllers' design, i.e. input and output can be controlled independently. Additionally all controllers are based on dq0 transformation, the system are described and interesting simulation results are available to confirm the proposal. Finally, this paper presents experimental evaluations of the inverter feeding a three-phase stand-alone load confirming the remarkable features of the decoupling control.


The invention discloses a mobile charging system which comprises a charging device, a sliding device and a telescopic cable. The power end of the charging device is connected with a power supply through the telescopic cable. The charging device is arranged on the sliding device and driven by the sliding device to move to adapt to a vehicle to be charged. The sliding device comprises a drive mechanism. The drive mechanism is used for driving the sliding device to move. By the adoption of the system, through the telescopic cable and the sliding device, the charging device is arranged and used more flexibly and conveniently, and the user experience is improved.


Patients who have nonsmall cell lung cancer with N1 lymph node status are an intermediate group of patients who have a variable prognosis. Differences in lymph node level (hilar or pulmonary lymph nodes) may influence patient survival. The authors retrospectively analyzed the factors that influenced prognosis, including the level of N1 lymph node involvement.


Objective: There is a substantial amount of evidence suggesting that alteration in some hormones is associated with depression. The aim of the study was to assess the serum level of thyroid hormones and leptin in patients with depression. Subjects and Methods: In this case-control study, 63 patients with different degrees of depression and 69 healthy, age and sex matched control subjects were selected. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to classify the degree of depression into mild, moderate, and severe. The level of Leptin, thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) were estimated using commercially available kits and Free T4 index was calculated. Results: Leptin and T3 levels were significantly decreased and T4 rose in the depressed women as compared to the healthy controls (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, and P < 0.001 respectively). Furthermore, the serum level of leptin was significantly lower and T4 was significantly higher in sever depressed women compared to moderately or mildly depressed women (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively).


Fostering children's interest in learning is very important because interest is the most convincing foundation for the success of the existing learning process. Ensuring for the success of the learning process of the children is important. Therefore, the children may develop the potential of interests in themselves, so without coercion the children will learn on their own. Basically, there are three factors that influence the emergence of children's interest in learning, which are talent, environmental influence and individual interest. Talent is one of the factors that children are born with, so talent is not something that has happened. It is not formed when an individual is born, but only potentials. Environment, interest in the development of one's life, therefore life between the environment and the family must be improved. Individual interest, in this case the state of one's health, greatly influences the emergence of interest, therefore the health of the body must also be maintained, both from internal and external disturbances.


The material disclosed comprises doped yttrium oxysulphide (Y2O2S), in which the dopants comprise, by weight of the oxysulphide, 4 to 50% of one or both of erbium (Er) and ytterbium (Yb). The material may comprise 1 to 50 ppm of one or more other lanthanide elements. Erbium and ytterbium may be replaced by thullium (Tm), holmium (Ho) or lutecium (Lu). The material may be in the form of particles whose average size is no more than 20 mu m. The material may be used in inks for printing e.g. security documents because they are invisible under normal viewing conditions and visible when illuminated with infrared illumination.


For TM‐polarized waves, a mode‐power measure is applied to characterize optical waveguides with a nonlinear self‐focusing substrate, producing a concise overview of the waveguiding properties at a given power for various designs. We also show how birefringence varies between the TE and TM modes as a function of the total power carried by the waveguide. Since our description is based on universal parameters, our results are applicable to different geometries of waveguide through simple scaling rules.


While chemical rockets have been the proven workhorse of the current space industry; other advance rocket propulsion technologies have been under research and development since the advent of the space age. Among these propulsion technologies are various forms of nuclear electric and nuclear thermal propulsion systems. The goal of most of these advance rocket propulsion systems is the improved efficiency through higher exhaust velocities, while at the same time reducing the total mass of the fuel required by the rocket. These higher exhaust velocities directly affect specific impulse and thrust. Instead of the short, powerful burn and fast acceleration of chemical rockets, such advanced rockets burn for longer periods of time, providing a continuous gentle nudge that gradually builds up momentum. Systems such as these cannot be used to propel payloads from the surface of the Earth into orbit; however they provide great advantages for interplanetary flights. Since these rockets do not use chemical reactions, they only need to carry a propellant, as the need for oxidizers is eliminated. The unique advantages of nuclear propulsion systems for distant missions are explored using a Fission Fragment nuclear propulsion concept. This proposed concept is well suited for in-space travel as it provides the thermal energy required for higher specific impulses.


Purex process specifications related to chemical hazards control are presented. These specifications are a part of the basis for the flowsheets or are to be used in situations not covered by other instructions. (J.R.D.)


In the scientific article the actual questions of production of check of indications on a place are considered. The authors conclude that the production of verification of indications on the spot has distinctive features. To date, in criminal procedure science and partly in practice, there are discussions about the independence of verification of testimony on the spot as an investigative action. The authors formulated proposals to improve the norms of criminal procedure legislation.


Welfare systems can be observed according to two different perspectives. The first deals with the supply of social protection, i.e. with the funding and provision of social benefits and the production of social services and goods. The second focuses on the demand of social protection and particularly on the characteristics of people benefiting from social protection or requesting for it. Typically, data on the supply of social benefits have an administrative nature (registers and budgets data) whereas data on beneficiaries derive from sample surveys. In theory, administrative data, being census data, can be detailed by territory. On the contrary, sample surveys are usually planned to provide accurate estimates at the national level or for large subnational areas. This chapter provides an example on the use of different data sets for Old age and Family/children functions at the province level (LAU 1 in the EU nomenclature). Data on the supply of benefits derive from the SISSIM (Istat Survey on Interventions and Social Services of Individual and associated Municipalities) and from municipal budgets. Data on the demand of social protection come from EU-SILC (European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions), a survey that is annually conducted by Istat in a comparable European framework. Earned benefits are estimated applying small area estimationmethods, given that the sample size of the EU-SILC survey at the province level is small, so the traditional design-based estimators usually are unreliable. Results are analysed to understand whether administrative and sample survey data can be used to compose a coherent picture of social protection delivered at the provincial level.


With the development of marine economy in China, serious marine hazards have become important influencing factors for the sustainable development of coastal economy. In the recent ten years, the marine hazards caused an economic loss of several to several ten billion Yuan RMB and also large losses of lives. Storm surges and waves caused by typhoon and temperate cyclone are the main hazard inducers. The authors analyzed the relationship between the serious marine hazards in the recent ten years and El Nino and pointed out that hazards often happened around the time of El Nino and we should strengthen hazard forecast and adopt necessary measures to reduce the hazards to keep the sustainable development of China's coastal economy.


In most real-world problems, we are dealing with large size datasets. Reducing the number of irrelevant/redundant features dramatically reduces the running time of a learning algorithm and leads to a more general concept. In this paper, realization of feature selection through NeuroEvolution of Augmenting Topologies (NEAT) [1] is investigated which aims to pick a subset of features that are relevant to the target concept. Two major goals in machine learning are discovery and improvement of solutions to complex problems. Complexification, the incremental elaboration of solutions through adding new structure, achieves both these goals. Hence, in this work, the power of complexification through the NEAT method is demonstrated which evolves increasingly complex neural network architectures. When compared to the evolution of networks with fixed structure, NEAT discovers significantly more sophisticated strategies. The results show NEAT can provide better accuracy result than conventional MLP and leads to improve feature selection accuracy.


Logistics offering short time,the funding shortage,social support,and other factors not part of the implementation of practical training to graduate students appeared in the difficult employment,the employing enterprise seeking difficult.The article summarizes training base of school problems and its own internal significance of third-party logistics companies,and gives third-party logistics companies to implement selfbuilt school approach to improve the logistics practice teaching,thus eliminating "a dilemma".


Employee performance is highly demanded and important because it gives the ability to properly gauge worker efficiency, determine how to properly compensate your workforce and improve workplace's overall productivity. PT. Garuda Indonesia is the largest airline in Southeast Asia and one of the largest in the Southern Hemisphere, carrying more than 16,000 passengers daily to an expanding list of 16 domestic and 28 international destinations. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of emotional intelligence, employee development, and workplace environment on employee performance. In this study, population refers to the employees of PT. Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Branch office Manado by using saturation sampling technique and sample size of 54 respondents through questionnaires. This study used multiple regression analysis method. Result shows that emotional intelligence has significantly influence on employee's performance; employee development has significantly influence on employee's performance; while workplace environment has no significantly influence on employee's performance. The management of PT. Garuda Indonesia branch office Manado should consider about the importance of the influence of emotional intelligence, employee development, and workplace environment in the company. Keywords: emotional intelligence, employee development, employee performance


The study was conducted to evaluate the awareness regarding Tuberculosis (TB) in the middle of the export-oriented garment workers in Savar, Dhaka. Data were calmed by face to face talk to using a semi-structured questionnaire. A gross of 110 garment workers was talked to, in the middle of them, 51.8% were male and rests of 48.2% were female. Maximum 30.9% participants age was between 20-22 years and 28.2% of respondent's ages were more than 28 years. 58.2% of respondents had secondary education, 22.7% of respondents had primary education, and 14.5% of respondents had HSC and above education. Out of 110 participants, 60.0% resided in a nuclear family, 39.1% have resided in a joint family, and 34.5 % were at their own house, 3.6 % were at slum and 57.3% were at the colony. The majority had heard about TB (72.7%) by listening to Television, Radio, Newspaper, and 27.3% were family members, offices, doctors, or hospitals. only 25.5% perceived it to be an infectious disease, (30.0%) were did not perceive and the highest number 44.5 % were didn't know. The correct mode of conveyance i.e. airborne (coughing) was familiar to 66.7% research subjects. The majority (62.4%) knew cough as a symptom. Maximum (71.8%) participants thought TB to be a curable disease, in the middle of the majority (52.0 %) were of the viewpoint to avert the TB by a cover on the mouth at coughing, 8.1% were said BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccination and 35.8 % was no smoking. Most of the respondents (96.4%) said TB is a treatable disease, in the middle of them, 75.5% said by Anti TB antibiotics. 62.7% of participants perceive TB is a totally curable disease. This work shows (74.5%) garments workers have deficient awareness and (25.5%) have adequate awareness.


Psychological teachers in primary and high school should have the ability to maintain their own psychological health,to implement the psychological health education;the ability to plan teaching resources as a whole,to cooperate in psychological health education research.In the pre-occupational cultivation of psychological teachers in primary and high school,it is better to choose the appropriate people who can pass the entrance test and the entry exam from the selection;knowledge system should include the psychology,pedagogy,sociology,physiology and moral in professional setting,and American school curriculum can be referred to the core curriculum of psychological studies;In the training modes,it is important to combine pre-occupational cultivation with in-service teachers' training,to increase practice and apprentice time,and to establish corresponding supervision system and their own practice base.


Silicon Carbide (SiC) components have been used for a number of years in industrial applications and now are progressively entering the automotive segment. The first devices of this wide-bandgap material to be used in vehicle applications were SiC diodes in on-board charger (OBC) applications. The excellent SiC diode switching performance is ideal for the freewheeling path in the power factor correction stages. The market for automotive grade SiC components is showing impressive growth aligned to the rise in electric vehicles with SiC MOSFETs being used in traction inverters as well as OBC or DC-DC converter applications. This paper explains the significant advantages that wide-bandgap technologies have compared to well establish Si technologies. This applies especially for the total cost of ownership approach, not considering the single device only but the complete application or interaction between different components. When a new semiconductor material is introduced into the automotive sector, the stringent qualification requirements mean that a special focus is needed on the manufacturing strategy. This paper also describes a manufacturing strategy designed to serve the automotive market, the key reliability factors and how improvements have been achieved. As power density of the new technology compared with Si devices is strongly increasing, simulation approaches have been introduced to characterize MOSFETs under short circuit condition to ex-plain the failure mechanism under such harsh applications conditions.


ABSTRACT Introduction: the use of palivizumab as prophylaxis of the respiratory syncytial virus is not a consensus. In Brazil, it is a public health program, but other countries do not consider it cost-effective. Objective: to identify the rate of hospitalization in Intensive Care Unit for respiratory illness or symptoms among children who received the immunoglobulin palivizumab, the proportion of children who failed to take any of the recommended doses and the impact of that failure on hospitalization. Method: cohort study conducted with 693 children enrolled in the palivizumab program in 2014 (85.1% of the population), with monthly assessment from April to September through a telephone call to the mothers or caregiver. The probability of hospitalization in the Intensive Care Unit related to failure in taking the palivizumab, was analyzed through multiple logistic regression, with p<0,05. Results: the hospitalization rate was 18.2%; 2.3% of the children did not receive all the recommended immunoglobulin doses; the probability of hospitalization for respiratory illness or symptoms increased by an average of 29% at each missed dose (p=0.007; OR=1.29, CI=1.07-1.56). Conclusion: the increase in the chance of hospitalization related to missed immunoglobulin doses indicates the need to implement health education actions and active search for absent children by the health services.


What lies behind the policy blindness towards concerns of the oppressed in India? The "social distancing" induced by the COVID-19 health crisis does not address the problem of deeper levels of distancing caused by "social isolation" and "social nausea," two concepts used by B R Ambedkar This article is an attempt to understand the factors behind the collective sociopolitical response towards the poorest sections characterised by lack of empathy, and to develop an Ambedkarite framework to understand social policy generally and, more specifically, in India © 2020 Economic and Political Weekly All rights reserved


Fissure basaltic eruption to the NE of the monogenetic volcano of Orchilla, El Hierro, Canary Islands. Geomorphologic characters: The sector of Orchilla, located to the W of El Hierro represents an important example of Holocene volcanism. A remarkable eruption in this zone is the fissure eruption to the NE of the monogenetic volcano of Orchilla. This fissure eruption represents a true natural laboratory to study the processes, dynamics and forms that generate this type of events. The most outstanding in this eruption are the spatter deposits, the hornitos and lava flows emitted which are typical forms of Hawaiian eruptions, with low viscosity magmas, high temperatures and low gas content. We have found around 25 small eruptive vents associated to 16 hornitos and lava flows with superficial morphology pahoehoe which, even arrived to the sea. Palabras clave: Geomorfología volcánica, erupción fisural, depósitos spatter, El Hierro


This paper have studied embedding H4O40SiW12 to prepare vitamin C (VC) sensor with sol-gel technology. The preparation,measurement conditions and the effect of coexisting substances were studied detailedly. The sensor in 0.1 mol/L KH2PO4 with pH=2.0~6.0 showed Nernst response to ascorbic acid with a slope of 29.3 mV/pVC,and a linear range of 10-1~10-5 mol/L. The detection limit was 7.9×10-6 mol/L. The recoveries were 97.3%~101.3% for real sample analysis.


In a typical spray nozzle designed for fire suppression, the spray is produced by impinging a cylindrical water jet on a specially designed solid element, called the deflector. The resulting spray pattern is a full cone of droplets with relatively large diameters. In order to reduce the size of the droplets and the amount of water, various type of water mist systems and nozzles have been developed so far, where the water pressure is increased and the orifice diameter is decreased by an order of magnitude. It would be advantageous to form a spray with fine droplets, although not necessarily as small as those produced by a typical water mist system, without increasing the water pressure or reducing the orifice size significantly. Such a spray could be obtained by using air atomizing nozzles, where air jets are used to break up the cylindrical water jet into fine droplets. In order to produce a spray with an average droplet diameter of less than 1 mm, the required air and water pressure values in the air atomizing nozzle are obtained by using an empirical relation available in the literature. The resulting pressure values are in the order of 1 or 2 bar both at the air and at the water inlet of the air atomizing nozzle. This result yields a promising design alternative, where the amount of water demand for sprinkler system is reduced. Another benefit especially for high-rise buildings is to increase the height of the pressure zones. The motivations of this design are so interesting that the additional requirements for a pressurized air system can be made cost-effective by further investments on its improvement. The pros and cons of this alternative design will be discussed in this study. Specifically, the air-to-liquid ratio value of such an air atomizing nozzle will be calculated to show that the amount of air introduced in to the room of fire is negligibly small.


� � � � * 4 , � � � � * 5 Yasushi KONDO, Shunsuke OGITA, Hajime YOSHINO, Miwako FUJITA and Takeshi OGASAWARA Previous research works, such as CFD simulation and laboratory tests, show that displacement ventilation system (hereafter DV system) is suitable for electrical commercial kitchens because DV system does not disturb thermal plume over electrical cooking appliances. The DV system with ceiling mounted supply openings was also studied to apply to Japanese small kitchens in the previous papers. After the research stage, the DV system with ceiling openings was installed in a real kitchen of a casual restaurant. This paper shows the results of CFD simulation and experiments conducted when the DV system was applied to the real kitchens. In the experiments, a full scale mock-up kitchen model including a moving panel to simulate cooking disturbance was made to compare the DV system with the conventional local ventilation system. The CFD simulation was carried out to decide to detail of the system such as position of ceiling opening etc. The subsequent paper will


*This is a translated version of an article which first appeared in 1985 March issue of Modern Business Law. Footnotes have been shortened - Ed.


We investigated the dynamics of nanofluid and heat transfer in a three-dimensional circular annular using the κ−ε turbulence model and energy equations. The pipe contained two concentric and rotating cylinders with a constant speed in the tangential direction. A heat flux boundary condition was executed at the inner cylinder of the annular. The pipe was settled vertically, and water alumina nanofluid was allowed to enter, with the initial velocity depending on the Reynolds number, ranging from 30,000 to 60,000. The volume fraction of the solid particles was tested from 0.001 to 0.1. The speed of the rotation of the cylinders was tested in the range from 0.5 to 3.5. The simulations were developed using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6, adopting the finite element procedure for governing equations. The results were validated using the mesh independent study and the average Nusselt number correlations. We found that the average Nusselt number in the middle of the channel decreases linearly with the increase in the volume fraction of the water alumina nanofluid. The novelty of the present work is that various correlations between the average Nusselt number and volume fraction were determined by fixing the Reynolds number and the rotation of the inner cylinder. We also found that fixing the Reynolds number and the volume fraction improves the average Nusselt number at the outlet linearly. In addition, it was stated that the increase in the total mass of the nanofluid would decrease the average temperature at the outer cylinder of the annular. Moreover, the maximum average improvement percentage in the average Nusselt number, which is about 21%, was observed when the inner cylinder rotation was changed from 1.5 to 2.5 m/s.


Ms. Leary uses a case study to describe ten categories of resources for reconstructing a Manhattan lawyer's life. These resources answer questions about his law practice, scholarship, personal life, personality, values, and philanthropy. The case study uses today's resources to look far back into the details of the life of William W. Cook, who gave his fortune to the University of Michigan Law School.


For early-career teachers in particular, teacher attrition and retention has been the focus
of international research. We aimed to provide a more holistic view of teacher attrition
and retention in an Australian educational context by including the perspectives of a
cross-section of current and former teachers with various lengths of teaching service. We
explored the similarities and differences in considerations about past career decision
points reported by the teachers in different groups. Australian teachers (N = 133) who
were staying in teaching (n = 59), or undecided about staying (n = 34), and former
teachers who had changed careers (n = 40) completed free-response questionnaires
about their decisions to choose and to stay in (or to leave) teaching careers. Thematic
analysis suggested that three overarching themes were salient across all three groups of
teachers at different decision points in the career. These overarching themes were
personal fulfilment, practical considerations, and lack of alternatives or barriers to
change. Strategies to retain teachers should aim to foster collegial relationships, address
workload, respond to needs for job security or flexibility, and provide new opportunities
within teaching.


The article analyzes the reasons why researchers fail to Express the essence of legal nihilism clearly and accurately. The article deals with such problems of interpretation of legal nihilism as filling the gaps in scientific knowledge about it with myths, rejecting conceptual analysis in favor of conceptual analysis, ignoring the multilayered concept of «legal nihilism» and its cultural conditionality, and verbalization of this concept by means of the philosophical and legal language, rather than the language of legal science. While emphasizing that these problems can be eliminated, the author emphasizes that along with them there is a fundamentally unsolvable problem: legal nihilism is an idea that is difficult to relate to empirically known reality, and this calls into question the very possibility of considering the formation of an understanding of legal nihilism as a scientific, rather than a philosophical problem.


The occurrence of skin cancer resulting from therapeutic and occupational irradiation with x-rays has been extensively documented clinically and amply confirmed experimentally since 1902, seven years after Roentgen's discovery. 1,2 It has been reported anywhere from 2 to more than 30 years after ionizing radiation, 3 and according to Willis the malignancy is "always of the squamous-cell type." 4 However, basalcell carcinomas have also been described, 5 and the case herein reported suggests that sebaceous carcinoma may also be included in the list of radiation-induced malignancies. This apparently is the first reported case illustrating the possibility that sebaceous carcinoma can arise as the result of radiation injury. Report of Case A 30-year-old white oil-delivery man was admitted to the Boston Veterans' Administration Hospital on Jan. 22, 1957, because of x-ray dermatitis of the face, neck, and upper chest. While in the Navy


The activation of the transcription factor hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) plays an essential role in tumor development, tumor progression, and resistance to chemo‐ and radiotherapy. In order to identify compounds targeting the HIF pathway, a small molecule library was screened using a luciferase‐driven HIF‐1 reporter cell line under hypoxia. The high‐throughput screening led to the identification of a class of aminoalkyl‐substituted compounds that inhibited hypoxia‐induced HIF‐1 target gene expression in human lung cancer cell lines at low nanomolar concentrations. Lead structure BAY 87‐2243 was found to inhibit HIF‐1α and HIF‐2α protein accumulation under hypoxic conditions in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line H460 but had no effect on HIF‐1α protein levels induced by the hypoxia mimetics desferrioxamine or cobalt chloride. BAY 87‐2243 had no effect on HIF target gene expression levels in RCC4 cells lacking Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) activity nor did the compound affect the activity of HIF prolyl hydroxylase‐2. Antitumor activity of BAY 87‐2243, suppression of HIF‐1α protein levels, and reduction of HIF‐1 target gene expression in vivo were demonstrated in a H460 xenograft model. BAY 87‐2243 did not inhibit cell proliferation under standard conditions. However under glucose depletion, a condition favoring mitochondrial ATP generation as energy source, BAY 87‐2243 inhibited cell proliferation in the nanomolar range. Further experiments revealed that BAY 87‐2243 inhibits mitochondrial complex I activity but has no effect on complex III activity. Interference with mitochondrial function to reduce hypoxia‐induced HIF‐1 activity in tumors might be an interesting therapeutic approach to overcome chemo‐ and radiotherapy‐resistance of hypoxic tumors.


Censoring is inevitable in survival analysis. The motivating factor for this article concerns the way censored subjects are incorporated in estimation of survival function for grouped data. In practice, the Actuarial estimator of a survival function may be biased due to unevenly distribution of censored subjects within intervals. This article presents a nonparametric estimation of a survival function using the adjusted Product Limit estimator based on grouped observations that are under random censorship. Simulation studies are carried out to assess the performance of the adjusted Product Limit estimator in comparison to the performance of Actuarial (life table) estimator to ascertain the one that is better and real data is used to show applicability of the method in real life. The results strongly indicate that adjusted Product Limit estimator of the survival function outperforms the Actuarial estimator.


A 2000-ft2 addition to an aircraft control tower was constructed at Galena, Alaska, during the summer of 1990. Because of limited resources, a shallow insulated foundation (SIF) was specified instead of a traditional foundation (one in which the bottom of the footing is placed lower than the anticipated depth of frost penetration). An SIF design allows How to get copies of CRREL technical publications: Department of Defense personnel and contractors may order reports through the Defense Technical Information Center: DTIC-BR SUITE 0944 8725 JOHN J KINGMAN RD FT BELVOIR VA 22060-6218 Telephone 1 800 225 3842 E-mail email@example.com firstname.lastname@example.com WWW http://www.dtic.dla.mil/ All others may order reports through the National Technical Information Service: NTIS 5285 PORT ROYAL RD SPRINGFIELD VA 22161 Telephone 1 703 487 4650 1 703 487 4639 (TDD for the hearing-impaired) E-mail firstname.lastname@example.com WWW http://www.fedworld.gov/ntis/ntishome.html A complete list of all CRREL technical publications is available from: USACRREL (CECRL-LP) 72 LYME RD HANOVER NH 03755-1290 Telephone 1 603 646 4338 E-mail email@example.com For information on all aspects of the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, visit our World Wide Web site: http://www.crrel.usace.army.mil the footing to be placed at a much shallower depth by incorporating the use of strategically placed insulation around the foundation. The insulation utilizes heat from the building and surrounding soil, redirects it to the area around the foundation, and thus reduces the frost penetration.