Schedler, A. ed. 2006. Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics o f Unfree Competition. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner. Scott, J.C. 1969. Corruption, machine politics, and political change. American Political Science Review, 63(4), 1142-158. Scott, J.C. 1972. Patron-client politics and political change in Southeast Asia. American Political Science Review, 66(1), 91-113. Shefter, M. 1994. Political Parties and the State: The American Historical Experience. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Skowronek, S. 1982. Building a New American State: The Expansion o f National Administrative Capacities, 1877-1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Starodubtsev, A. 2008. Modeli Realizatsii Regional'noi Politiki Rossii (19922006). Mimeo: European University at St.Petersburg. Stokes, S. 2005. Perverse accountability: A formal model o f machine politics with evidence from Argentina. American Political Science Review, 99(3), 315-25. Stoner-Weiss, K. 2006. Resisting the State: Reform and Retrenchment in PostSoviet Russia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Titkov, A. 2007. Krizis naznachenii. Pro et Contra, 11(4-5), 90-103. Treisman, D. 1999. After the Deluge: Regional Crises and Political Consolidation in Russia. Ann Arbor, MI: University o f Michigan Press. Volkov, V. 2002. Violent Entrepreneurs: The Role o f Force in the Making o f Russian Capitalism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. Volkov, V. 2008. Standard Oil and Yukos in the context o f early capitalism in the United States and Russia. Demokratizatsiya, 16(3), 240-64. Warner, C. 2001. Mass parties and clientelism in France and Italy, in Clitentelism, Interests, and Democratic Representation: The European Experience in Historical and Comparative Perspective, edited by S. Piattoni. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 122-51. Zubarevich, N. 2002. Prishel, uvidel, pobedil? Krupnyi biznes i regional'naya vlast'. Pro et Contra, 7(1), 107-20. Chapter 2 The Liberal and The Authoritarian: How Different Are Russian Regions?


Thep resent study was conducted for monitoring of the evaporative cooling tower in methanol production plant using digital computer' visuql Basic computer program was used for the monitoring of the performance of the cooling tower. The structure program consists of sub programs and forms to show all the related variabltes such as temperature, flow rate, pressure ...etc, that affect the cooling tower operation and give alarms and important function informition regarding these variables.


The present invention discloses a dual-edge switching converter constant on-time control for voltage modulation method and apparatus, in accordance with the relationship between the output voltage and the voltage reference value using a constant turned off, on timing of the control constant on the composition, or oFF, a constant turned oFF control timing of the composition, control the switch on the switching converter on and off. The invention can be used to control the Buck converter, Buck2, converter, the Cuk converter, the Zeta converter, a single-switch forward converter, two-switch forward converter, a push-pull converter, a push-pull forward converter, half-bridge transform and switching full bridge converter and other converter topologies, which advantages are: the network without compensation, control is simple, fast transient response and high regulation accuracy.


Upgrading of industrial structure is the precondition and foundation of comprehensive upgrade of processing trade.This paper analyses the industrial structural condition of processing trade from external symptom and internal property two layers,then discusses direction and focus,at last suggests that the upgrading of industrial structure processing trade need follow the 3 principles and several policies.


The technology shrinkage and the increased demand for high storage memory devices in today's system on-chips (SoCs) has been the challenges to the designers not only in the design cycle but also to the test engineers in testing these memory devices against the permanent faults, intermittent and soft errors. Around 90% of the chip area in today's SoCs is being occupied by the embedded memories, and the cost for testing these memory devices contributes a major factor in the overall cost and the time to market. This paperproposes a strategy to develop a word-oriented March SS algorithm-basedmemory built-in self-test (MBIST), which is then applied for memory built-in self-test and repair (MBISTR) strategy. The implementation details for 1 KB of single-port static random-access memory (SRAM) depict that the modified March-SS algorithm based MBISTR-enabled SRAM facilitates self-test and self-repair of embedded memories with a marginal hardware overhead (<1%) in terms of look up tables and slice registers when compared to that of standard SRAM.


On the basis of literature research,the paper analyzed the research trends of brand agriculture at home and abroad,thought that it was very necessary to strengthen the research of brand agricultural system and its complexity,and defined the connotation of brand agriculture.At the same time,the further study was prospected.


Climate control in data centres is inherently wasteful, yet there are ways of making hot and cold air neighbourly but separate. Phil Kreveld reports.


Though he is said to have developed the teaching of the great Madhyamaka (dbu ltia chen po)3) or other-emptiness (gzhan stong) ofDol po pa Shes rab rgyal mtshan (1292-1361), it is not clear how he analyses this teaching in his works. Here I consider one ofhis smatl texts in order to throw light on the tradition ofthe great Madhyamaka in the Jo nang pa school. In the collected works4} ofTEran5tha we can find many tantric ommentaries, but there are only seven small texts in which titles the term `Lthe great Madhyamaka" or "other-emp-


Objective: To investigate the risk factors of transient ischemic attack( TIA) evolving into cerebral infarction. Methods: The clinical data of 32 cases with TIA evolving into cerebral infarction( cerebral infarction group) and 97 cases with TIA no-evolving into cerebral infarction( TIA group) within 6 months were statistically analysed. Results: The indicators of hypertension,unstable carotid plaques,diabetes,duration of attack more than or equal to 30 minutes and attack frequency more than or equal to 3 times in cerebral infarction group were higher than those in TIA group( P 0. 05 to P 0. 01). The differences of sex,smoking history and coronary heart disease between two groups were not statistically significant( P 0. 05). The patient age of cerebral infarction group was higher than that in TIA group( P 0. 05). The differences of the levels of FBG,triglycerides,cholesterol,LDL and serum uric acid between two groups were not statistically significant( P 0. 05). Conclusions: The incidences of TIA evolving into cerebral infarction in the patients with long lasting time and frequent attacking of TIA complicated with hypertension,diabetes,advanced age and unstable carotid plaques are higher.


Franco, Garćıa-Barreto, & de la Fuente (2000, hereinafter FGF00) have re-analyzed the radio continuum emission at 2, 6 and 20 cm from the circumnuclear regions of the barred galaxies NGC 1022, 1326 and 4314. The angular resolution of the observations is approximately 3.7 , roughly equivalent to 200 parsecs. Here we summarize the results discussed in FGF00 With the spectral index analysis of the radio continuum emission of photoionized gas at short wavelengths, we can probe the density structure of an H II region. Generally, the best range to detect thermal emission is at wavelengths below 2 cm. Both thermal and non-thermal emission can be present at 6 cm, while 20'cm measures the mainly non-thermal emission. The thermal radio continuum emission of an optically-thin photoionized plasma in H II regions has a relatively flat spectrum, Sν ∝ ν , and it changes to Sν ∝ ν 2 when the region becomes optically thick. The optically thin non-thermal emission has a spectrum Sν ∝ ν α with α ∼ < −0.2. The typical spectral index for extragalactic non-thermal emission is α 6 ∼ −0.8. In the circumnuclear zones of NGC 1022, 1326, and 4314, the spatial distributions of Hα and radio continuum are similar, suggesting the existence of several giant (∼ 100 pc) H II regions (see Figs. 1 and 2 of FGF00). These giant extragalactic H II regions are most likely composed of a collection of individual ionized cores embedded in a lower brightness extended region (see sources labeled as FGF in Figs. 1, 3, and 4 of FGF00). We find that the average density stratifications of these H II regions can be approximated by a power law ne ∝ r −ω , where ω = (0.5α − 3.1)/(α − 2) (Olnon 1975). In the case of barred galaxies, large cloud complexes are concentrated in circumnuclear structures, forming new massive stars. These structures are due to inner torques generated by the non-axisymmetric potential of the bar (Schwarz 1984), driving gas to the central regions, presumably near an Inner Lindblad Resonance. The radiation field of these newly formed


This report describes a surface molecule, Tp45, which appears to be involved in interleukin 2 production and Ca2+ mobilization by Jurkat cells. The Tp45 molecule was identified by a monoclonal antibody, MX13, on the surface of either T3/TCR+ or T3/TCR− human T cell lines. Biochemical data showed that mAb MX13 precipitated a single polypeptide chain of 45 kDa both under reduced and nonreduced conditions from lysates of 125I‐surface‐labeled cells. Sequential immunodepletion experiments using lysates of 125I‐labeled T3/TCR+ cells showed that Tp45 was distinct from the α chain of the TCR complex. However, incubation of such cells with either anti‐T3 or anti‐TCR monoclonal antibody induced complete modulation of both the T3/TCR complex and Tp45. Conversely, complete modulation of both Tp45 and the T3/TCR complex was observed after incubation with anti‐Tp45 antibody. Functional studies showed that anti‐Tp45 antibody induced high levels of interleukin 2 production in Jurkat cells. In addition, incubation of these cells with the antibody resulted in Ca2+ mobilization from internal stores.


This study examines whether the use of technology-based assessment tool affects the examinations' scores of students from both genders. The study, therefore, ascertains whether the mode of student testing (computer-based or paper-based) in an introductory-level financial accounting course impacted students' scores (a direct measure of learning). In doing so, the study relies on experimental design wherein the type of examination is being controlled together with other contextual variables such as timing of the exam, instructors, and the gender of students. The sample consists of 78 students undertaking financial accounting courses at Zayed University during the summer semester. A simple difference in means statistics test shows that there is no statistically significant difference between the students' paper-based and computerbased scores. However, benchmark regression analysis showed that males performed better than females on CBT, and females outperformed males on PBT. The paper provides evidence from the Gulf region as of how technology-based assessment is affected by the gender, which matter needs to be addressed by university instructors working in Middle East universities.


Apparent parasitism and the population trend during the larval stage of the host are the basic data for assessing budworm larval mortality caused by parasites. Apparent parasitism is estimated from samples of the host population, and three methods of obtaining this estimate within predetermined error limits are outlined. The seasonal history of the parasite is divided into a 'pre-emergence' period, when the parasite is developing within the host, and an 'emergence' period, when the host is actually killed. Percentage mortality is then based on host density at the beginning of the emergence period so the results will not be influenced by the mutual interference of other factors during the pre-emergence period. One field example illustrates the technique and its application to life tables.


Introduction: Amongst Sapta Dhatu , Rakta Dhatu is of  prime importance as it   is mainly responsible for Jeevan Karma and Prananuvartana. According to Dhatu Poshana Kala theory by Acharya Susruta, Rakta Dhatu is formed on the 5th day after formation of AharaRasa.                                                                                Rakta Kshaya can be correlated with symptoms of anaemia due to malnutrition. Kharjura (Phoenix dactylifera, Linn.) now days well known as dates is of neutraceutical value has been used in treatment of Rakta Dhatu since ages. Aim: To assess effect Of Khajura with Dhatriloha and Dhatriloha alone on haemoglobin percentage with special reference to Sushruta's Rakta Dhatu Poshankal."Present pilot study was performed to set guidelines with special reference to treatment and analysis period for chief clinical trial and taking into consideration Dhatu Poshana Kala Theory screening of patients for Hb % was done at intervals of 5 days. Materials and methods: Kharjura Laddu was prepared, patients fulfilling inclusion criteria of Rakta Kshaya were administered with Kharjura Laddu(10g)+Dhatri Loha(250mg) and Dhatri Loha(250mg) alone in groups A and B respectively for 10 days in Rasayan Kala(early in morning).Results: Kharjura Laddu+Dhatri Loha group revealed better results in relieving symptoms and increasing Hb%. Both groups exhibited increase in Hb% at 5 days interval after start of treatment. Conclusion: Kharjura can be used as neutraceutical along with Dhatri Loha in management of Rakta Kshaya. Insignificant increase in Hb% at interval of 5 days of consumption of drug   ascertains Dhatu Poshan Kala theory.


Interesting nomograms describing the physiological relationship between U, and Po,, in healthy preterm and full-term infants have recently been reported by Dr Sujov et al. (1). The nomograms were subsequently used in a study of mechanically ventilated preterm infants (2). Furthermore, a statistical analysis based on the osmotic threshold concept suggested the presence of an osmotic threshold of 282 and 291 mosdkg H20 for full-term and preterm neonates, respectively (1). In order to assess the usefulness of these nomograms, we have plotted results prospectively recorded from 15 healthy premature infants and 15 preterm neonates with mild or severe respiratory distress syndrome at the time of the, study. Thirty-four paired urine and plasma samples were collected between the first and the eighth day of life. Osmolality was measured with a 5100 C micro-osmometer (Wescor Inc. Logan, Utah). When plasma osmolality exceeded the theoretical osmotic threshold of 291 mosdkg HzO, 2 out of 15 prematures with RDS but also 6 out of 15 healthy preterm infants had an "abnormal" relationship between urine and plasma osmolality according to Sujov and coworkers' nomogram. These findings are rather surprising and deserve the following comments. 1. The use of this nomogram in sick newborns (2) requires that it be first validated in healthy neonates. The nomograms are drawn up to plasma osmolalities of 330 mosmkg H20 , values that are exceptional in normal neonates studied under standard conditions. The use of the nomogram will thus remain questionable unless the authors report the actual data from which it was constructed. 2. The threshold phenomenon concept for arginine-vasopressin release is not universally accepted (3) and has not been warranted, to our knowledge, in newborns. The obvious lack of a threshold at a P,, of 291 mosdkg H 2 0 in our healthy premature infants could suggest either that the hypothesis is not valid, or that the statistical method used for establishing the threshold is erroneous. At the very least, further studies seem necessary before using the 291 mosmkg H 2 0 threshold in current practice. 3. The use of this nomogram in mechanically ventilated preterm neonates led Sujov et al. to the conclusion that "positive pressure mechanical ventilation of 4 to 8 cmH,O is not potent enough to product release of vasopressin in the newborn" or that there is an ''endorgav insensitivity to ADH" (2). This conclusion does not fit in with the study of Svenningsen et al. (4) in preterm newborn infants treated with high CPAP because of hyaline membrane disease or recurrent apnoea. We conclude that the validity of Sujov and coworkers' nomogram remains to be warranted and that erroneous interpretation and treatment could result from its use in sick neonates.


- T his article has the purpose of making  some considerations regarding the role of the  Uperating  Roam  Nurse, and its future  persp ectives.  lt  comments on  the  nurse'  s education  pro cess,  both in college  and  graduate  school,  as  well as it's role as coordinator of an Uperating Roam Nursing team or as a member of such team . ln regard to that, competence in adm inistra tion, clinicai  performance and education are considered to be essential characteristics to design the professional  pro file of  the  nurse.  On a future perspective the importance of the professional  preparation  is  singled  out in arder to  achieve  the  desired  quality on assistance


Summary
Enteromorpha is the dominant alga associated with the fouling of large ships. Using the electron scanning microscope on germinating zoospores and on young plants which had been raised in culture it has been shown that the primary and subsequent rhizoids which are produced by the plant penetrate the substrate and so cause physical breakdown of a paint surface.

Among the algae causing severe fouling of large ocean-going ships, Enteromorpha is the most common. It sometimes occurs in such extensive growths as to slow a tanker down to about one-third of its normal speed. Anti-fouling paints have been designed mainly to resist or to repel the settling larvae of barnacles and other animals and since they do not prevent the growth of algae attention is now being focused to this problem. While studying the settlement of Enteromorpha swarmers on paint surfaces we looked at the method of attachment and the damage to the paint which resulted from their germination and growth. Observations were made with an electron scanning microscope so that the germinating zoospores could be seen in situ growing on a painted surface.


A compilation of work related to a priori estimation of interconnect lengths in VLSI circuits is provided, with an emphasis on procedural wire length estimation methods that do not require knowledge of the circuit layout and instead rely on structural analysis of the circuit net list and stochastic modeling of the underlying placement and routing tools. Reviewed work includes references listed below.


This short note makes recommendations for the future direction of research in agent-based modelling (ABM). It is a personal view based on my experience as a policy adviser who has recently come to ABM. I suggest that to promote the use of ABM, the ABM community needs demonstrate the value of modelling to other social scientists by showing-by-doing and offering training projects; and to produce tools, guidance on good-practice and basic building blocks. Then the policy contexts most likely to benefit from ABM need to be identified along with any new data requirements, so that the usefulness of ABM can be demonstrated to policy analysts. This is, in my view, the challenge facing the ABM community for the next 15 years.


Enterprise networks can be expanded both by wireline and wireless modes. Many organizations have been implementing Internet telephony as well using the same network infrastructure in addition to data services. It was reported in recent works that current wireless local area networking technology was very inefficient for voice communication compared to wireline technology. In this paper we performed simulation studies and demonstrated that data services were also affected more adversely in the wireless mode compared to the wireline mode as Voice over Internet Protocol was initiated over the enterprise network. These results will benefit network planners in future expansion decisions.


Background  The public health impact of environmental changes and the faceless threat of antibiotic resistance are currently among the top global health challenges. Community understanding of health, diseases and medicines in relation to the changing environment is necessary to mitigate the impact of these changes on health and for prudent use of antibiotics.


Handheld mobile devices are a dime a dozen in the industry, thanks to rapid technological advancements. However, none of the algorithms currently available on the market can remove reflections in a hand-held camera system in real time. Our Algorithm is intended to mitigate this loop as it is designed especially for smart phones, we're taking two photos of the same goal here. One shot will be taken with the flashlight turned OFF, while the other will be taken with the flash turned ON. After that, we'll perform a simple pre-processing phase called aligning the image, which involves extracting features. We will eventually get the final desired picture of good quality after all the planned operations are completed.


Sweden has made a new deal with the publisher Elsevier. The previous agreement with Elsevier was terminated in 2018, as the Bibsam Consortium & Elsevier were unable to reach a solution that met both parties' requirements for prices and open access. In this episode, we talk to Wilhelm Widmark, Library Director at Stockholm University, who has also been a part of the negotiation team. He shares his thoughts on the new deal and how Sweden has experienced being without an agreement since 2018.
The host of this episode is Erik Lieungh.
This episode was first published 3 December 2019.


The article refers to the communications carried out by Ukraine's official Instagram account (ukraine.ua). Until February 24, 2022, it served as the country's branding tool to promote the country's tourism assets. On the day the war escalated, the account did not suspend its activities, but instead changed its content and target audience, and became an element of Ukrainian strategic communications. At the same time, the Instagram profile continues to be a component for branding the Ukrainian state and society, even though crisis and wars tend to hinder the shaping of a country's image in the international arena. The author of the article applies a qualitative method to analyse published messages from the first few days of the war, paying special attention towards storytelling, i.e. narrative construction and the image of the society fighting against the occupying forces. The purpose of the article is to verify the thesis that Ukrainian narratives use universal patterns derived from pop culture messages and refer to archetypes commonly used in branding. These messages are key for Ukrainian external communications, which are focused on building both a coherent and credible image of a country invaded.


A continuing debate in feminist scholarship on gender, security, and the military has been whether militaries can facilitate feminist progress and be forces for good. Feminists committed to working outside of militaries note that gender perspectives have often been used to advance the military's goals of winning wars rather than commitments to feminist social transformation of military institutions and societies. However, influences from international normative frameworks on Women, Peace and Security; Canada's feminist foreign policy; and an emphasis on diversity and inclusion within Canada's Defence Policy have presented the Canadian Armed Forces with a solid platform from which it has begun to make change. The central tenets of this broad feminist platform have begun to permeate Canadian Professional Military Education (PME) through the collective efforts of educators, staff, and military students at Canada's defence colleges. Drawing on a review of policy and programmes as well as a qualitative analysis of interviews with educators, staff, and military students, the article demonstrates that feminist transformational change by military members is possible by exploring its nascent reality. The article highlights the challenges and benefits of incorporating feminist perspectives in Canadian PME and demonstrates how and under what conditions military graduates with this education have begun to apply gender and cultural learning to make local feminist interventions both within and outside their institution. Ultimately, this research shows that collective efforts toward localized and incremental changes by military members are paving the way for meaningful feminist progress within the military.


From radio beacons to EGNOS This article describes with images more than half a century of radio aids to air navigation. All the images, taken in the same location within Catania Fontanarossa airport, provides an historical perspective to the article about EGNOS and Civil Aviation published in the previous issue of GEOmedia.


With advance in mobile 3D display, mobile 3D video is already enabled by the wireless multimedia networking, and it will be gradually popular since it can make people enjoy the natural 3D experience anywhere and anytime. In current stage, mobile 3D video is generally delivered over the heterogeneous network combined by wired and wireless channels. How to guarantee the optimal 3D visual quality of experience (QoE) for the mobile 3D video streaming is one of the important topics concerned by the service provider. In this article, we propose a QoE-oriented transcoding approach to enhance the quality of mobile 3D video service. By learning the pre-controlled QoE patterns of 3D contents, the proposed 3D visual QoE inferring model can be utilized to regulate the transcoding configurations in real-time according to the feedbacks of network and user-end device information. In the learning stage, we propose a piecewise linear mean opinion score (MOS) interpolation method to further reduce the cumbersome manual work of preparing QoE patterns. Experimental results show that the proposed transcoding approach can provide the adapted 3D stream to the heterogeneous network, and further provide superior QoE performance to the fixed quantization parameter (QP) transcoding and mean squared error (MSE) optimized transcoding for mobile 3D video streaming.


Compared with affine transformation, projection transformation represents the process of imaging objects more accurately. This paper proposes a novel object tracking method using particle filtering with dual manifold models. One is the covariance manifold used for the object observation model, and the other is the geometric deformation on SL (3) group, where the rank of projection transformation matrix equals 1, adapted to utilize for object dynamic model. Our main contribution is to utilize both the geometry of SL (3) group and covariance manifolds in developing a general particle filtering-based tracking algorithm. Extensive experiments prove that the proposed method can realize stable and accurate tracking of object with significant geometric deformation, even with illumination changes and when an object is obscured.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide the system for integrating various types of automobile recordings into one automobile driver's identification card. SOLUTION: Smart card technology integrates and controls the recordings about the ownership and/or operation of an automobile. Smart identification cards 101, 102 store and control plural automobile recordings corresponding to one automobile driver. These automobile recordings include the items selected from among the groups of the automobile registration information, drivers license information, violation of the road traffic law, automobile insurance information, entry and exit time of parking lots, balance of toll charged at an expressway, automobile club information, and exhaust gas inspection information. The smart identification cards 101, 102 enable interactive processing with plural computer data bases 119, 127 utilizing the communication link in common use with smart scanners 104, 105. The computer data bases 119, 127 control the automobile recordings.


Abstract This article empirically examines how, if at all, women's prioritization of poverty issues has been conditioned by their class and/or race over time. Cross-sectional survey data collected from 1960 through 2000 was stacked to create a longitudinal research design. The survey data included open-ended questions assessing what issues respondents considered most important for the nation. Results indicate that class and racial differences among women are not inevitable when it comes to prioritizing poverty. These group cleavages emerge as significant precisely as more affluent women, and white women, disproportionately enjoyed the benefits won by second-wave organizing. The political ramifications of organizing's "double-edged sword" are discussed for public policy and women's activism.


The invention relates to a 3D manufacturing method for an electrode of an in-plane switching blue phase liquid crystal display device. The electrode may go deep into the blue phase liquid crystal to reduce a driving voltage. By way of layered manufacturing, the method comprises the steps: (1) designing a three-dimensional digital model; (2) performing an approximating process on the three-dimensional digital model to eliminate an irregular free surface, and converting the model into an STL format that can be accepted and operated by a 3D printer; (3) hierarchically slicing the model into a series of two-dimensional cross-sectional graphs; (4) preparing electrode printing paste; (5) printing the electrode by a 3D printing apparatus, and performing 3D molding on materials by curing or hardening; (6) performing a subsequent process on the printed electrode to form a desired electrode of the in-plane switching blue phase liquid crystal display device. The 3D manufacturing method, with great manufacturing flexibility, effectively reduces the complexity in and the cost of manufacturing the electrode of the in-plane switching blue phase liquid crystal display device.


A system of paper currency recognition includes image collection,preprocessing,feature extraction and classifier design.A critical step is the feature extraction which directly influences the recognition effect of the whole system.Especially to recognize paper currency which are different in par value but similar in length,width and pattern,a new feature extraction method is proposed,which is based on one dimension Fourier transform in part area.The experiment result shows that this method leads to a high recognition rate and is of excellent value in practical application.


While symbolic colour use has always played a salient role in science research and education, the use of colour in historic diagrams remains a lacuna within the history of science. Investigating the colour use in diagrams often means uncovering a whole cosmology otherwise not explicit in the diagram itself. The periodic table is a salient and iconic example of non-mimetic colour use in science. Famous is Andreas von Antropoff's rectangular table of recurrent rainbow colours (1924); Alcindo Flores Cabral's (1949) application of colour in his round snail form using the rgb scheme, Mazurs' pine tree system (1967), speaking of warm and cold colours that he attributed to specific groups of elements – an attribution that we can relate back to humoralism and alchemy. From the first periodic tables in the 19th century on, individual researchers have used different colour regimes. While standardization may play an obvious role in chemistry and its diagrams, all the more impressive is the anarchistic use of colour in the respective diagrams up to today. This article focuses on periodical tables in chemical journals and text books and explores and compares the development of colour codes found in the few existing polychrome diagrams from the 1920s to the 1970s. Scientific diagrams often present themselves to us like pieces of art. Yet, they are rarely analyzed as to their visual qualities. It is imperative to do so, as the aesthetic dimension of scientific images has proved to have contributed to a great extent to the success of scientific ideas.1 Taking this as a point of departure, the present paper focuses on the diagrammatic 1 Gordin (2018), Kaiser (2005), Woody (2000). 2 reasoning of the periodic table and the role of colour within. The study of colour within the history of science is a fairly recent field, and cultural connotations of colours or their symbolic use are rarely mentioned. In order to describe the utility of periodic tables for researchers, this article refers to the concept of the "paper tool".2 This term was introduced by the historian of science Ursula Klein in her case study on the first chemical notation, the Berzelian formula at the beginning of the 19th century. The chemical notation and diagrams are tools on paper, and as such allow for playful interaction as placeholders for real objects. The periodic table, just as the symbolic world of modern chemistry in general, has been evolving since the 19th century. Ursula Klein has applied her term paper tool to specific images in science that emerged in this temporal window. This concept has already been applied to the role of tables in chemistry and specifically to that of the periodic table.3 But not just any scientific diagram drawn on paper counts as a paper tool with the qualities described by Klein.4 Part of the paper tool's power to replace its reference(s) lies in its realism, the fact that it reliably represents specific topological or otherwise realistic relational characteristics of the object it depicts. While the graphic forms and symbols in chemistry have been studied by historians of science, and while generally speaking, in recent years the study of colour within the history of science has seemed to open up, the analysis of colour use in diagrams is rare. Colour use in diagrams is specific: often in the sciences, and especially before the existance of colour photography, drawings were meant to give a naturalistic impression of the represented object, e.g. of plants or animals as the colours in original tissue would fade with time. The colour was thus mimetic, meant to mimic the original in nature. In diagrams instead we find non-mimetic colour use. 2 Klein (2001). 3 Gordin (2018); Scerri (2007), Bensaude-Vincent (2001). 4 Klein (2001). 3 As this paper will demonstrate, colour has mainly been used in the periodic table as a relational tool and differentiator. These are specific qualities of colour as a symbolic vehicle, in contrast to others, such as graphic symbols.5 The study revolves around the monochrome table by Dimitri Mendeleev (1834-1907), the first scientific periodic table in colour we know of to date, produced by Henry D. Hubbard (1870-1943), and the three later and most frequently referenced polychrome images by Andreas von Antropoff (1878-1956), Edward G. Mazurs (1894-1983) and Alcindo Flores Cabral (1907-1982). Other polychrome tables appearing in popular media formats will not be discussed in this essay, as the focus here is on the appearance of colour in periodic tables in the scientific realm.6 Out of the no more than a dozen polychrome scientific visualizations of the periodic tables published up to the mid 1960s, the following discussion deals with those most often referenced. The main part of the essay consists of four sections. The first section focuses on the essential role of the table as a specific type of diagram in the history of chemistry as a scientific discipline. Section two differentiates types of images, in order to advance the notions of the paper tool and material image of the periodic table, and then moves on to discuss the use of colour in images. The character of the periodic table as an image is the object of the last two sections. Section three describes the development of the modern periodic table in the long form with its elements in grid and boxes, while section four explores the use of colour in periodic tables from the beginning of their existence to the early 1960s. The discussion of the role of colour as a special symbolic vehicle in contrast to other graphic forms concludes the article. 5 Jameson (1979). 6 E.g. a periodic table by Clark (1933), that was coloured for a Time Magazine cover in 1949. 4 1. The periodic table as a visual form in the new chemistry Merriam-Webster describes the table as "a systematic arrangement of data usually in rows and columns for ready reference"; it is also a "condensed enumeration: a list".7 The cultural practice of list keeping originated in trade and found its way into natural history and medicine through Italian double-entry bookkeeping.8 However, in the early history of the natural sciences, not only were objects listed, such as in Georges Cuvier's overview of his observations on elephant fossils, but these order-techniques entered into the natural sciences via the humanists as a method applied to any object.9 While the list is a way to organize data in one dimension, the table has two dimensions. In the history of chemistry, the table played a major role during the self-proclaimed chemical revolution: this shift is one from collecting ever-changing information in affinity tables, to the analysis of the collected, and the formulation of guidelines for future findings on how to generate new chemical knowledge.10 It is most notably marked by three studies that were published in the 1780s.11 Quite exceptional and explicit in its aim to make knowledge more transparent and internationally accessible, and thus to change the overall practices in chemistry, was the fact that the multi-authored compilation by "MM. de Morveau, Lavoisier, Bertholet, & de Fourcroy" includes tables with symbols corresponding to the new system of nomenclature which differed from the alchemical symbols that were previously used.12 This new symbolic language was intended for use as a short form in the international discourse. These studies realized the need which had been recognized and declared in earlier studies: tables as tools for 7 Webster (2019). 8 Pugliano (2012), Müller-Wille & Charmantier (2012). 9 Daston (2012). 10 Cohen (2004), Bensaude-Vincent (2001), Duncan (1996), Roberts (1991); as an early example of these tables see Geoffroy (1718). 11 Guyton de Morveau (1782), Guyton de Morveau et al. (1787) and Lavoisier (1789). 12 Guyton de Morveau et al. (1787). 5 the advancement of chemistry.13 The table is much more than just a "literary technology", a term that Roberts borrows from Steven Shapin's study on Boyle.14 Roberts denotes hereby the inseparability of the production and transmission of knowledge in science. The essential act of tabulating is to place objects in a specific two-dimensional order. The table thereby is "part of the very act of classifying" and at the same time profits from the difference between written symbols in the text (consisting of a sequence of symbols), and an image in which the position of graphic elements in two-dimensional space can be used to transmit meaning. Furthermore, the table as a pictorial visual tool in chemistry that joins symbols (such as the short forms for substances or elements) cannot merely be replaced by written and readable text. 15 Cohen calls it a "complex symbol".16 In contrast to other symbolic elements, historians of science have not yet subjected the role of colour, as well as its use and meaning in polychrome periodic tables to any analysis. 2. Scientific images and colour The study of images in science has received increased attention since the 1990s, and many studies today describe the role of diagrams as a mediator between seeing and thinking.17 The rising appreciation of the relevance of the visual in scientific texts is part of a general trend to recognize what elsewhere has been called multimodality, a growing interdisciplinary approach aiming at the analysis of the interplay of written or spoken language with other acoustic or visual twoor three-dimensional modes of interaction.18 13 See e.g. Geoffroy (1718); Boerhave (1735); Bergman (1783); Cohen (2004); Duncan (1996); Roberts (1991). 14 Roberts (1991); Shapin (1984). 15 Cohen (2004, p. 44). 16 Cohen (2004, p. 35). 17 See i.a. Gerner (2010); Krämer (2010); Daston and Galison (2007); Cook (2005). 18 Norris & Maier (2014); Kress (2010). 6 A 'diagram' may be understood as a kind of symbolic representation of information. The periodic table is such a diagram. In agreement with the broad and common understanding of the image in the history of science, and in contrast


Adiabatic frequency upconversion based on a chirped-poling nonlinear crystal was used to realize a large-field-of-view mid-infrared imaging, which further facilitated unprecedented performances with single-photon sensitivity and a MHz-level frame rate.


A high-resolution geochemical and micropaleontological data set has been obtained from the uppermost Langhian/lower Serravallian marly sediments of the Ras il Pellegrin section (Malta Island). A combination of the recorded stratal organization with the results of spectral analyses performed on CaCO3 data and faunal signals shows a dominance of the classic Milankovitch periodicities as modulating forcing of the studied succession. The application of band-pass filters allowed us to select the different Milankovitch frequencies (precession, obliquity and short- and long-eccentricity) from the original faunal and geochemical signals and to compare them with the same components of the astronomical curve. The reliability of the short-term astronomical tuning has been tested by using the larger-order cyclicity (100-400 kyr) as control. The good match of the different records with the selected insolation curve is consistent with the results of the cross-spectral analysis showing high coherency values in all the considered frequency bands. The calibration provided astronomical ages for the sedimentary cycles and consequently for all the bioevents recorded in the section. In particular, an age of 13.59 Ma has been obtained for the last occurrence (LO) of Sphenolitus heteromorphus , at present considered the best bioevent useful for recognizing the Langhian/Serravallian boundary. Moreover, an age of 12.62 Ma has been obtained for the first occurrence (FO) of Paragloborotalia partimlabiata .


the Last Interglacial (LIG, ~129-116 ka) and Marine Isotopic stage 11 (MIs 11, ~424-374 ka) stand out as warm interglacials in the context of the last 800 ka (PIGs Working Group 2016). During the first workshop of PAGEs' Quaternary Interglacials (QUIGs) working group, a multi-disciplinary group of 31 delegates assessed the current knowledge and research needs on the temporal and spatial patterns of climate forcing, responses and feedbacks during these warm extremes.


Materials consisting of a vanadium oxide (VOx) phase dispersed on a TiO2 matrix and obtained by mechanochemical activation of the V2O5 and TiO2 , are compared with materials obtained by high temperature solid state reaction between the same two oxides. As a consequence of grinding, a non-negligible formation of isolated VIV is evidenced by EPR, whose nature is typically vanadylic (VO2+). Diffuse reflectance UV–VIS spectroscopy indicates that the reduction of the dispersed phase also induces the formation of more reduced vanadium species like VIII . Various distinct VO2+ species are stabilized on the surface by thermal treatments, and their coordinative environment has been tested by adsorption of NH3 and H2O. The phase changes brought about in the TiO2 matrix by the grinding process as well as the presence of crystalline V2O5have been monitored by XRD.


Background and Aim:  We intended to investigate the effects of pre‐existing mutations at reverse transcriptase region of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the occurrence of virological breakthrough (VB) to adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) in patients with lamivudine (LAM)‐resistant chronic hepatitis B (CHB).


Objectives: From asymptomatic asthmatic patients unable to produce sputum spontaneously, we performed a non-invasive method obtaining sputum via inhalation of ultrsonically nebulised hyperosmolar saline(3%) which provides a way to investigate airway inflammation, And we also evaluated the effectiveness of the ultrasonic nebulizer in these patients. Methods: 50 asymptomatic patients unable to produce sputum spontaneously inhaled a hyperosmolar saline via an Ultrasonic nebulizer to induce sputum. We examined the quality of the sputum, total cell counts and differential cell counts of eosinophil after sputum processing. Results: 1) The quality of the sputum was uninterpretable (12%); poor(16%); fair(34%); good(38%), repectively. The mean induction time of expectoration was about 10 minutes. 2) The most common complaint was of a salty taste(45 cases). The mean fa11 in peak expiratory flow rate during inhalation of saline was 4.0% and the fall more than 20% was observed in 5 cases. 3) The mean eosinophil percent in induced sputum was 38.5%, The mean value of the total IgE and total peripheral eosinophil count was 818.2 IU/ml, 401.2/mm³ respectively, 4) There were no relationships between the sputum eosinophil count(%) and both the total IgE and the PC20(r=0.13, r=0.18). There was also an insignificant correlation between the sputum eosinophil count(%) and the total peripheral eosinophil count(r=D.22). Conclusion: We find that there are many eosinophils within induced sputum via inhalation of ultrsonically nebu1ised hyperosmolar saline from asymptomatic asthmatic patients unable to produce sputum spontaneously, Therefore we suggest that an induced sputum study via inhalation of hyperosmolar saline is useful to determine a patient`s status of airway inflammation.


Proportional Fair (PF) is a scheduling technique to maintain a balance between maximizing throughput and ensuring fairness to users. Dual Connectivity (DC) technique was introduced by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to improve the mobility robustness and system capacity in heterogeneous networks. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of DC in improving proportional fairness in the system. We propose a low complexity centralized PF scheduling scheme for DC and show that it outperforms the standard PF scheduling scheme. Since the problem of dual association of users for maximizing proportional fairness in the system is NP-hard, we propose three heuristic user association schemes for DC. We demonstrate that DC, along with the proposed PF scheme, gives remarkable gains on PF utility over single connectivity and performs almost close to the optimal PF scheme in heterogeneous networks.


Technique advantages of full-lining partial emission slurry oil pump are presented by comparison and analysis to three kinds of slurry oil pump. Since the impeller is fully-open partial emission designed, wearing to impeller by mediums containing catalyst particles is reduced, satisfying the requirements of high-temperature, heavy-load, anti-wearing and flushing technology process. This kind of pump is available in important spots conferring to factory safety, human safety and environment safety. It has wide uses and prospects.


We provide an overview of a MATLAB/sup TM/ based hardware-software design flow that has been applied to the design of a platform based SoC for the HiperLAN/2 and IEEE 802.11 wideband wireless communication standards. Starting from a high-level algorithmic description, the MATLAB/sup TM/ environment serves as a "golden model" and universal, cycle-true testbench for the embedded hardware and software implementation. A universal interface concept allows the exchange of modules with different abstraction levels in a cosimulation. This way, a high confidence level for the design validation is achieved, and both design and validation time is substantially reduced.


Objective
To describe the association between age and the sex-based outcome difference and analyze the potential mechanism responsible for sex-based outcome difference in severe trauma patients.

Methods
A retrospective analysis derived from the Emergency Intensive Care Unit of the acute trauma center of the Shanghai Municipal Sixth People' s Hospital during the 2010 -2013 period was performed to identify sex-based outcome differences after severe blunt trauma. The study cohort of patients was then stratified by age: (1) 18 years ≤age 55 years. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to evaluate the association between gender and the hospitalized mortality, both overall and subgroups according to age categories.

Results
A total of 987 severe trauma patients met our inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. Crude mortality was higher in male severe trauma patients (male 9.1% vs. female 5.0%, P 55 years.

Conclusions
The present study revealed a statistical significant association between gender and mortality among severe blunt trauma patients, particularly in patients with age <45 years. These results may highlight the importance of sex hormones in outcomes of severe trauma.

Key words:
Trauma; Sex hormone; Injury severity; Age; Hospitalized mortality


Increasing attention is being paid to reliability, safety, and security issues in social systems. Scott Sagan examined why more security forces (a redundancy solution) may lead to less security.( 1) He discussed how such a solution can backfire due to three major issues (i.e., "common‐mode error,""social shirking," and "overcompensation"). In this article, using Sagan's hypotheses, we simulate and analyze a simple and generic security system as more guards are added to the system. Simulation results support two of Sagan's hypotheses. More specifically, the results show that "common‐mode error" causes the system to backfire, and "social shirking" leads to an inefficient system while exacerbating the common‐mode error's effect. Simulation results show that "overcompensation" has no effect of backfiring, but it leads the system to a critical state in which it can easily be affected by the common‐mode error. Furthermore, the simulation results make us question the importance of the initial power of adversaries (e.g., terrorists) as the results show that, for any exogenous level of adversary power, the system endogenously overcompensates to a level that makes the system more susceptible to being attacked.


Lee Soltow. Men and Wealth in the United States. 1850-1870. "Yale Series in Economic History." New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975. 206 + xx pp. Stanley Lebergott. The American Economy: Income, Wealth, and Want. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976. 382 + viii pp. Recent studies of wealth and income in the United States have three character- istics in common. First, such works are increasingly ingenious in both the identification and manipulation of data. Second, though differing in detail, they outline a pattern of radical inequality in the distribution of income and wealth. And third, they are stronger as descriptions of inequality in America than as explanations of its origins and persistence.1 Lee Soltow's Men and Wealth in the United States, 1850-1870 and Stanley Lebergott's The American Economy: Income, Wealth, and Want2 share these characteristics, yet still manage to contribute something new. Soltow provides an unprecedented survey of the distribution of real and personal property for th...


The aim of this research is to evaluate effectiveness of career counseling for students.  The researcher is employing research & development methods to evaluate career counseling program. Meanwhile, a quasi experimental approach by The One-Group Pretest-Posttest is being conducted to examine the effectiveness of career counseling program, combine with Scale of Future Orientation (within education and occupation area). The result showed that students were oriented more toward education area instead of occupation area.


This investigation attempts to reduce the increase in smoke emission of CI engine resulted during retarded injection timing. A single cylinder 4.4 kW, naturally aspirated stationary CI engine was used in the present investigation. Effects of retarded fuel injection timing on the performance and emission characteristics of the engine were studied. It was observed that NOx emission and thermal efficiency of the engine were decreased with an increased smoke density. To reduce the smoke density of the engine, fuel injection pressure was increased at the retarded injection timing and its effect on NOx and smoke density was investigated. It was also observed at retarded injection timing and higher injection pressure that the smoke density of the engine reduced significantly, with marginal increase in NOx emission. [Received: February 16, 2013; Accepted: October 12, 2013]


Numerical simulation was made of the characteristics of a domain wall at a planar magnetic inclusion whose anisotropy constant is different from that of the matrix. The analysis of the domain wall structure and of its center coordinate as a function of an external magnetic field, which lies in the plane of the domain wall at an arbitrary angle with respect to the easy axis, allows for the determination of the field of the formation of a new phase nucleation center and of the coercive force. Fitting the domain wall to the planar magnetic inclusion could lead to a decrease in the coercive force


Abstract : Covert action and traditional military activities are two paths for the legitimate use of force by the United States. For the President to employ the full span of capabilities available to him, there must be a clear understanding of the unique nature of each option. The CIA has, for decades, employed covert activities internationally to further U.S. interests, with the goal of avoiding the stigma of U.S. sponsorship. Likewise, the DoD has been employed to further U.S. interests abroad, having refined its precision targeting capability to a level never before available to an American President, both inside and outside of the designated areas of armed conflict. It is, therefore, critical that national security decision-makers properly employ these tools under the appropriate conditions to align with national policy in the defense of the nation. Misapplication of these tools, however, carries with it consequences that may equally degrade U.S. standing in the international community. No change or addition to domestic or international law is necessary or recommended: this is a policy issue. To refine the law would be to further constrain national security decision making in the face of future and unforeseen threats.


The deconfining ponderomotive force exerted by an intense electromagnetic wave on a linearly inhomogeneous plasma layer has been analytically investigated. Since the ponderomotive force maximizes near the region where the dielectric constant e′ → 0, an exact solution of the wave equation is required for a correct estimate of the maximum force. For the case of oblique incidence with the electric vector in the plane of incidence, the solution of the exact wave equation leads to an interesting resonance effect which predicts a force higher than that obtained by earlier workers using a WKB procedure. Physically, this enhanced ponderomotive force arises because of the large nonuniform longitudinal fields that are generated in the region e′ ≈ 0 for this geometry.


CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering) tools have played a critical role in improving software productivity and quality by assisting tasks in software development processes. Several parametric software cost models adopt "use of software tools" as one of the environmental factors that affect software development productivity, reduce  time period required for implementation of software and development cost. Most software development teams use CASE tools that are assembled over time and adopt new tools without establishing formal evaluation criteria. Many CASE Tools are available in the market which deals with the particular one phase or with the combined phases of SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle) for reducing the Effort and development time of the implementation of the software. This research mainly focuses on to find out the most popular tool for individual or combined phase of software development life cycle and its impact on Human Resource in IT industries in Pune City. This research is also evaluates the pros and cons of CASE Tools with various factors like user friendliness, customization, training, time, cost etc


In Regina, the impetus to change came with plans to merge or close schools in some neighbourhoods and build new ones elsewhere. "It [the discussion] was interwoven in a very positive way from the beginning in terms of looking at the learning agenda and the management of facilities," says Regina Director of Education Julie MacRae, of the strategy adopted by her predecessors before her appointment last year. This September, the board opened Douglas Park Elementary, a 50,000-square foot building that replaces an existing facility on the same suburban site and epitomizes current thinking about architecture's role in learning.


THIS PAPER OUTLINES THE ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIBES THE SCOPE OF WORK UNDERTAKEN IN THE TRAFFIC AND SAFETY DIVISION OF THE ROAD RESEARCH LABORATORY, ONE OF THE ESTABLISHMENTS OF THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH. THE RESEARCH STAFF OF THE DIVISION, CHIEFLY PHYSICISTS AND MATHEMATICIANS, ARE GROUPED INTO SIX SECTIONS UNDER THE FOLLOWING HEADINGS: THE ROAD USER, TRAFFIC FLOW AND ROAD LAYOUT, SKIDDING, VEHICLE PERFORMANCE, VEHICLE AND STREET LIGHTING, STATISTICS. ADVISORY COMMITTEES ON ECONOMICS, STATISTICS, ROAD LAYOUT, VEHICLES, AND ROAD USERS RECEIVE, CRITICIZE, AND RECOMMEND ACTION ON REPORTS OF WORK DONE. /AUTHOR/


A numerical model has been developed to calculate the resistance of the different components of a trawling gear, by deduction of the drag and lift components. For this purpose, mathematical models have been considered for all the elements, such as trawl cables, floats, doors, and the net itself. The most important contribution of this numerical model is that the action of forces upon different elements permits modifying the geometric configuration of the complete set with a mutual accommodation of resistance and geometry, simulating the actual dynamics, where forces and geometry converge toward an equilibrium state. Some results obtained from actual fishing gear with data obtained from sensors during sea trials are used to compare the results of the simulator.


This paper on the clustering of a congenital malformation was an early and important contribution to an issue which is still very much alive today. George Knox examines two main questions: How can we analyse whether malformed babies cluster in time? If they do, what does it mean? Clustering is usually defined with reference to time and/or spatial dimensions. One or the other of these dimensions may be implicit, as in this paper which looks at temporal clustering within cities as the implicit spatial unit of interest. It is useful to consider what is so special about time and space as risk factors that they should require their own statistical methodology. We can cope relatively easily, using classical statistical methods, with order in time and space, such as looking for yearly trends or seasonal fluctuation in the oesophageal atresia data. Clustering analyses, however, are looking for risk factors that are non-randomly and non-regularly distributed in space or time, such as infection or sources of environmental pollution. In addition, any division ofcontinuously distributed time and space into subunits is purely arbitrary unless we know something about the underlying variation in risk factors. To do a clustering analysis at all suggests that we don't know much about what the risk factors may be or their spatio-temporal distribution. We want the distribution of cases in time and space to give us clues about what the risk factors may be and how they are distributed. Clustering analyses are therefore by nature mainly hypothesis-generating (beyond the testing of very general hypotheses about the role of infection, for example), and have the statistical problems, particularly that of multiple testing and post-hoc testing, of all studies with poorly specified a priori hypotheses. The multiple testing in clustering analyses is slightly different from the 'usual' multiple testing associated with considering a wide range of risk factors and outcomes and their associations. In this paper, for example, we are concerned with only one outcome and one risk factor, time. The multiple testing problem relates to the many different ways in which we can subdivide and describe time (and the different statistical methods associated with different ways of summarising distributions in time). Here Knox looks at cases per month, cases per week, and intervals between cases of less than two weeks, recognising that these are arbitrary divisions. Knox also recognises the post-hoc nature of the enterprise, since the time intervals to be analysed were suggested by the data. Most analyses of clustering today would incorporate some comparison of the distribution of cases and non-cases, since the population (births in this case) is rarely distributed randomly in space or time. Knox did not incorporate this in this paper, although in an analysis purely considering time, such as this one, the clustering effect being looked for among cases is far in excess of the likely fluctuations in the number of births over time. Statistical methods now available for clustering fall into two main groups: those based on counts of cases in small areas or time periods, and those based on the exact locations of cases and non-cases in space or time. 1 The methods based on areas or time periods (such as month in this analysis) impose arbitrary boundaries that can obscure clustering which crosses these boundaries. Clustering at a scale larger than the chosen areas can be detected by autocorrelation tests. Tests based on exact locations often use 'windows' which rove over time, space, or both, counting the number of cases occurring within each window, in a similar way to the method used in this paper where Knox counts the number of cases within 0-6 days of each index case. Since the same cases (and non-cases) may appear in a number of different windows, the counts are nonindependent, as Knox pointed out, but statistical tests are now available to allow for this non-independence.'23 Whichever of the two groups of methods are used, the areas, periods, or windows can be fixed temporo -spatial units, or population density dependent units. Time can be defined in terms of months or in terms of number of successive births. In space prespecified administrative boundaries can be used, or for exact location data a distance based method,4 or population density based method.5 Knox also points to another problem, that of removing the yearly trend and potential seasonal fluctuation effects before looking for smaller scale clustering. This is part of a more general problem of removing the temporal and spatial variability in known risk factors before looking for clustering. Where tests for clustering are based on counts in predefined areas/ periods, this can perhaps most easily be done by converting population numbers (eg, no births) to expected numbers of cases, and adjusting these expected numbers using classical Department of Public Health and Policy, Environmental Epidemiology Unit, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WCIE 7HT H Dolk


3,4-Di-(2'-hydroxyethoxy)-4-nitrostilbene (2) was prepared by the reaction of 2-iodoethanol with 3,4-dihydroxy-4-nitrostilbene (1). Diol 2 was condensed with 2,4-toluenediisocyanate ,3,3-dimethoxy-4,4'-biphenylenediisocyanate , and 1,6-hexamethylenediisocyanate to yield polyurethanes 3, 4, and 5 containing the NLO-chromophore. Polymers 3-5 were soluble in common organic solvents such as acetone and DMSO. The glass transition temperatures(Tg/) of the resulting polymers 3-5 were obseved around 100-114. Electrooptic coefficients (r33/) of the poled polymer films were in the range of 18-25 pm/V at 633 nm. Polymers 3-5 began to decompose around 250 in TGA thermograms.


High-performance low-temperature polycrystalline-silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated by heat-retaining enhanced crystallization (H-REC). In the H-REC technology, a heat-retaining capping layer (HRL) is applied on the prepattern amorphous silicon islands to slow down the heat dissipation effectively. It thereby retains long duration of melting process and further enhances poly-Si-grain lateral growth. With a single shot of laser irradiation, the location-controllable poly-Si active layer with 7-mum length of grain size can be formed successfully. In addition, in this letter, the H-REC poly-Si TFT with dual gates is studied to enhanced electrical performance and stability.


By the analysis of the force applied to sliding spool,the model and the transfer function of the system have been set up and the dynamic performance of the sliding spool has been obtained by using the Matlab.


Obesity is a risk factor for therapeutic resistance, disease progression, and metastasis in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Further, obesity results in a state of chronic inflammation, which has been linked, to several types of cancer including the prostate. Previously, we have shown that obesity‐related systemic factors promoted an invasive prostate cancer phenotype, in vitro. Specifically, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) has been identified as a pro‐inflammatory cytokine, which may mediate obesity‐induced prostate cancer progression. Interestingly, silibinin, a polyphenol found in milk thistle seed, reduces inflammation and may have anti‐tumorigenic properties. The mechanisms involved in obesity‐induced PCa progression are not completely understood, therefore limiting the development of effective interventions to inhibit or reverse the tumor promoting effects of obesity. Therefore, we hypothesize that silibinin may be used to reduce or reverse the impact of obesity on invasive prostate cancer by using an in vitro approach of obesity and cancer.


The use of machine learning to build subgrid parametrizations for climate models is receiving growing attention. State‐of‐the‐art strategies address the problem as a supervised learning task and optimize algorithms that predict subgrid fluxes based on information from coarse resolution models. In practice, training data are generated from higher resolution numerical simulations transformed in order to mimic coarse resolution simulations. By essence, these strategies optimize subgrid parametrizations to meet so‐called a priori criteria. But the actual purpose of a subgrid parametrization is to obtain good performance in terms of a posteriori metrics which imply computing entire model trajectories. In this paper, we focus on the representation of energy backscatter in two‐dimensional quasi‐geostrophic turbulence and compare parametrizations obtained with different learning strategies at fixed computational complexity. We show that strategies based on a priori criteria yield parametrizations that tend to be unstable in direct simulations and describe how subgrid parametrizations can alternatively be trained end‐to‐end in order to meet a posteriori criteria. We illustrate that end‐to‐end learning strategies yield parametrizations that outperform known empirical and data‐driven schemes in terms of performance, stability, and ability to apply to different flow configurations. These results support the relevance of differentiable programming paradigms for climate models in the future.


This article explores the grammars of responsibility through a discourse analysis of selected travel guidebooks and argues that critical theory and popular media have so far failed to bridge the gap between ideologies and practices of responsibilities. As it stands, an unspoken assumption that a particular set of practices (e.g., buying goods labeled as fair trade or boycotting sweatshop-produced clothing) is perpetuated as undeniably responsible. As long as important questions on what constitutes being ethical and by whose standards this is evaluated against is neglected, however, there is a danger of pursuing practices deemed irrefutably responsible, although they are not responsible or ethical at all. Building on the postcolonial critiques on literature in geographies of responsibilities (Raghuram, Madge, and Noxolo 2009; Jazeel and McFarlane 2010; Noxolo, Raghuram, and Madge 2011), this article interrogates the discourses of responsibility circulated in popular media and, using examples from tourism, highlights the problematic nature of perpetuating a series of universalized instructions regarding one's responsibilities, while revealing the many inconsistencies advocated once one takes a closer and more critical look at what is suggested. What is needed is an effort to close the gap between practices and ideologies of responsibility, where a conscious postcolonial understanding of the variance of ideals of responsibilities across time and space is reflected in our practices and how we understand practices of responsibilities.


IT is known that the normal skin can combat pathogens such as streptococci and staphylococci and an interesting account of its autosterilising action is provided by Bigger: who states that few bacteria are able to survive on the human skin owing to the presence of bactericidal substances. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of sodium propionate have been discussed in a previous communication2 and it is evident that the compound is effective against a wide range of pathogens, although its activity against viruses is doubtful. Peck and Rosenfeld3 were apparently the first workers to show that the human perspiration is fungistatic owing to its content of fatty acids, although the literature contains earlier references to the inhibitory action of these acids against micro-organisms. The normal sweat exuded from the glands exhibits the slight alkalinity of plasma, but the reaction becomes acid after admixture with sebum and substances excreted by the epidermis. Propionic acid, a constituent of human body fluids, is probably produced chiefly by the breakdown of higher fatty acids ; it is found in the sweat as free acid or as salts. These substances are metabolised in the body and Lorber and his associates4 gave isotopic sodium propionate to fasted rats, isolated the resulting liver glycogen and hydrolysed the latter to glucose. Their results indicate that propionate may give rise to pyruvate by a process involving loss of orientation of the aand &carbon atoms of the propionate, the pyruvate acting as intermediate in glucose and glycogen formation. Unlike acetates, propionates are not used by the body in synthesising chole~terol.~ Since glycogen is present in the sweat glands, it may be suggested that a portion of the propionate in perspiration could be formed locally by the reverse of the process proposed by Lorber et al., the mechanism thus resembling that whereby glycogen is converted into lactic acid. Further quantities, produced in the liver during the metabolism of fat, may escape oxidation in the extra-hepatic tissues and pass into the sweat.


DUBLIN, Dec. 3, 2019 /PRNewswire/ -Theravance Biopharma, Inc. (NASDAQ: TBPH) ("Theravance Biopharma" or the "Company") today announced dosing of the first patient in a Phase 2 allergen challenge study of TD-8236, an investigational, lung-selective inhaled pan-Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor for inflammatory lung diseases. TD-8236 is specifically designed to target airway inflammation in the lung with minimal systemic exposure and be delivered to the lung via dry powder inhalation.


The most important stress related to the industrialized societies are diseases and health issues caused by taking medicines that are in unfavorable condition. The health issues caused due to the medications mainly depend on the quality of drugs. This is the main test confronted by any pharmaceutical organization wishing to guarantee its survival. The benefit in the pharmaceutical industries is higher. But now, the cost of the medicines is reduced as per the estimation is given by the government. Hence, pharmaceutical organizations now confront a moment of challenge to diminish costs through upgrading and enhancing their production methods. Based on the production process following in the pharmaceutical industries, the product quality can be varied and improved. This chapter prescribes the detailed information regarding the production practices that are followed in the pharmaceutical industries for the production of high-quality products.


The interests of veterinary history and the history of science have been converging during the past 25 years due to some common intellectual factors. Focusing on literature published in English, this paper will discuss three international intellectual factors that bridge the gap between veterinary history and the history of the biomedical sciences. First, the historical subfield of "environmental history" asserts that animals (and the people who work with animals) are important subjects for historical studies. Second, veterinarians and science historians share an interest in investigating the history of scientific practices. Third, topics such as the history of diseases encourage us to explore global circulations of microorganisms, animals, people, and ideas. These intellectual trends have brought scholars closer together and encouraged the development of veterinary history in the global context. I conclude by asserting that studies of animal health make crucial contributions to broader histories.


Abstract The Mississippi silverside (Menidia audens), now common throughout the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway (TTW) in Mississippi, apparently invaded this highly modified system from the Tennessee River, concurrent with TTW construction (1972–1985). Subsequent decline in distribution and abundance of the native brook silverside (Labidesthes sicculus) led to speculation that dietary competition with M. audens might be occurring. Therefore, diet data from sympatric and allopatric collections of the two silversides at several sites in TTW were analyzed using multivariate statistics and null models to test for significant dietary differences, overlap and niche shifts potentially attributable to habitat alteration. Diet overlap between the two silversides at sites of co-occurrence was greater than expected under the null model. Moreover, intraspecific food habits did not differ between individuals occurring in sympatry and those occurring in allopatry for either silverside. Thus, significant portions of their diet overlapped and neither species has exhibited dietary shifts that would facilitate coexistence. The two species differed significantly along stream size and current velocity gradients, with M. audens preferring the larger, slower moving habitats of the waterway. Unlike L. sicculus, M. audens included the exotic daphnid Daphnia lumholtzi in its diet. Because M. audens capitalized on a wider variety of prey items in the modified TTW environment and because of their previous interactions in other systems, we conclude that the native silverside, L. sicculus, is likely to be replaced by M. audens in lentic TTW habitats.


193 A 67‐year‐old woman was admitted to the Depart‐ ment of Clinical Endocrinology, Medical Univer‐ sity of Lodz, Łodź, Poland, due to an incidentally discovered left adrenal tumor. She suffered from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease for several years, which was accompanied by multifo‐ cal cysts in the liver. Autosomal dominant poly‐ cystic kidney disease is quite rare (about 1 case per 1000 persons) and is associated with multi‐ focal cysts located in the liver, spleen, pancreas, and ovaries as well as with hematuria, protein‐ uria, and sometimes intracranial aneurysms.1 Our patient had slightly elevated creatinine level (108 μmol/l; reference range, 58–96), he‐ maturia (20 erythrocytes per μl), and protein‐ uria (25 mg/dl). No history of intracranial aneu‐ rysm was reported. Adrenal incidentalomas, usually benign and nonfunctioning adenomas, are found in about 1% of young patients, 3% to 5% of middle‐aged patients, and up to 15% of those aged 70 years and older.2 The hormonal tests revealed normal renin (25.1 pg/ml; reference range, 3.5– 65.6) and aldosterone concentrations (31.8 ng/dl; ref‐ erence range, 4–31). Results of dexamethasone suppression test (cortisol, 1.96 μg/dl) and urine excretion of catecholamine metabolites were also normal, which excluded a hyperfunctioning ad‐ renal tumor. The patient remains under the care of the Nephrology and Endocrinology Outpatient Clinic. The abdominal frontal computed tomog‐ raphy is presented in the FIGURE.


A series of novel ternary complexes of heavy rare earths(Tb,Er,Y) with thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid(H2L) and 1,10-Phenanthroline(Phen) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis,TG-DTA,FTIR spectra.The compositions of the complexes were confirmed to be Ln2(L)3(phen)2·4H2O(Ln=Tb,Er,Y).Observed from ultraviolet spectra,the maximum UV absobpion peaks of H2L and Phen both had a large red shift after coordination.Carboxyl of the ligand chelated with rare earth ions in chelating bidentate mode.It was also observed that Tb2(L)3(Phen)2·4H2O emits the green fluorescence under ultraviolet light at room temperature,the measured fluorescence lifetime of Tb2(L)3(phen)2·4H2O is 0.24 ms.


ABSTRACT Ports as an industry account for ∼3% of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions worldwide. The Port of Chennai, India, uses an enormous amount of electricity and diesel for intermodal transportation of goods and for other essential services. The inventory of GHG emissions in the Port of Chennai is made by accounting the various facilities of the port along with the housing colony and fishing harbor which come under the management of the Port of Chennai. Quantification of GHG emissions is made following the guidelines of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and World Port Climate Initiative (WPCI). The estimation of GHG emissions showed that 280,558 tonnes of CO2e/year was generated from the port and port-related facilities. Several GHG mitigation strategies and their impact are quantified and discussed. The technology suggestions presented in the paper will be very useful to plan effective mitigation strategies incorporating technological advancement and management policies.


Multi-Instance Learning (MIL) is a special scheme in machine learning. In recent research it is successfully applied in text classification problem. However, MIL is naturally semi-supervised since the instances labels are unknown for positive bags, which would cut down the accuracy of predictors, or require more computational cost to reduce uncertainty, or to guess such labels at a high probability. In this paper, we attempt to tackle MIL problem by introducing active learning, which is another learning scheme attracted much research interests. Active learning relies on an oracle that can give ground truth labels as required. The proposed method is based on query for bags and it adopts a Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) based method to construct the criteria of query for oracle. We launch experiment on a famous text classification data set - 20 group news. Compared to the randomly selected query strategy as a baseline method and recent methods, the proposed method is of higher accuracy and outperforms others.


East Java's economic activity whic is improving recently is also expected to affect the population welfare distribution. Pacitan regency is an integral part of the development process both in East Java province and the central government (Indonesia).
This study aims to identify indicators which induce the field of purchasing power, to analyze the their achievements, and to formulate a strategy for improving the Public Welfare. The design is a combination between qualitative and quantitative methods with descriptive analysis for findings the field of secondary data, in whcih the documents were collected in 20112013 from relevant agencies. Besides that, interview was also conducted for agency managers to deepen the strategy
formulation. The construction of indicator variable component of public welfare measurement was done using HDI indicators.
This analysis provides public welfare indicators: (1) Public Sector Purchasing Power of less than 650,000, - per month. (2)Health, tends to increase approximately 71.69 years, with a life expectancy of 85 years at the national level; and (3) but, Education could not provide a maximum results with a literacy rate of about 92.62% that is to say, there are still about 7.38% that can not read and write, and the average length of education time is 6.99 years. To improve the welfare of the people in Pacitan requires strategy improvement to anticipate the achievement of low purchasing power, and minimize the poor.


Large earthquakes usually rupture plate boundary faults, releasing the accumulated stress as displacements localized along smooth, narrow faults. However, certain earthquakes initiate off main faults, rupturing adjacent, secondary faults. The mechanisms of such atypical stress release remain enigmatic, partly due to a lack of detailed geodetic evidence. Here using the 3D coseismic displacement field derived from space imaging geodesy, we detect 10‐km‐scale, nearly‐circular coseismic block rotation during the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake in New Zealand. Together, geodetic observations, longer term local paleomagnetic data, analytical, and discrete element modeling imply that localized block rotation occurred south of the Hope fault along weak, steep, bedding‐parallel boundaries within a narrow, ~20‐km‐wide dextral shear zone. That stress near plate boundary faults can be partially released in zones of distributed ruptures absorbing coseismic rotation may retard rupture along main faults. Our observations also suggest that coseismic rotation may help accomodate plate boundary propagation.


Supported bimetallic nanoparticles are frequently used for applications in catalysis [1]. Ideally we would like to be able to synthesize stable alloy nanoparticles with (i) a well-defined and narrow size range, (ii) very specific morphologies (i.e. random alloy, ordered alloy, core-shell structures) and (iii) closely controlled compositions. In reality, our ability to simultaneously control all of these physical parameters by conventional catalyst preparation methods is still somewhat lacking. We have found that aberration corrected analytical electron microscopy is an excellent way of performing 'quality control' measurements on such bimetallic catalyst systems. In particular, the combination of HAADF imaging and XEDS compositional analysis in the STEM has given us considerable insight into the way in which elemental distributions evolve in these bimetallic catalyst systems during processing and use. Our studies have especially highlighted the need to create simple chemical synthesis protocols which afford a tighter control of composition from particle-to-particle. In this presentation some case studies will be given, using the Au-Pd, Pt-Pd and Au-Pt bimetallic systems as specific examples, to illustrate the complex relationships that can exist between preparation route, compositional homogeneity and catalytic performance.


It introduces the characteristics and application dimension of anchor static pile, represents the design method of microwave tower foundation work, discusses the construction process of anchor static pile of microwave tower, and generalizes the key technique in the foundation strengthening and the application dominance of anchor static pile.


Surfactants are very important surface-active agents in implementation of chemical enhanced oil recovery for oil-water interfacial tension and wettability alteration. However, the high adsorption of surfactant on reservoir rock reduces the efficiency of surfactant flooding. Conventionally,
 inorganic alkali has been introduced to reduce adsorption of surfactant, but alkali will lead to the formation of emulsion, formation damage and scaling. Therefore, lignosulfonate, a sacrificial agent has been introduced as an alternative to inorganic alkali. In this paper, the critical micelle
 concentration (CMC) and dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) behavior of a pure and binary system of internal olefin sulfonate (IOS) and lignosulfonate (LS) at brine-decane interfaces are determined by using a spinning drop method. The physicochemical properties of pure and binary of IOS and
 LS system are determined by conductivity and pH measurements. The CMC value of IOS in 3.5 wt% brine salinity is higher compared to LS due to the isomeric branched of IOS which can occupy a larger area per molecules. The dynamic interfacial tension of IOS shows the fast adsorption of surfactant
 molecules to the brine-decane interfaces. This is indicated by the fast equilibrium interfacial tension reached by IOS. In comparison, the LS pure system shows decreasing behavior of dynamic interfacial tension. The fast adsorption at the interfaces is only reached for higher LS concentrations.
 The synergy effect between IOS and LS system shows a reduction in the interfacial value with LS optimum concentration of 0.6 wt%. The drop in conductivity and pH values indicated the development of a tightly packed lamellar liquid crystalline structure. These physicochemical properties are
 in agreement with the dynamic interfacial tension behavior of the IOS and LS system. This study has demonstrated the significant impact of the LS addition in reducing the dynamic interfacial tension of the surfactant system.


We have designed MetaML a multi-stage programming language, as a meta-programming system, i.e. a system which is used to write programs (meta-programs) whose sole purpose is to build and manipulate other programs (objectprograms). MetaML programs are simply ML programs which are annotated with staging operators. There is a strong connection between o -line partial evaluation and staged programming. The staging operators of MetaML can be thought of as a manual form of binding time analysis. In MetaML, binding time annotations are rst class operators, and users place them explicitly, rather than using an automatic binding time analysis to place them implicitly. In MetaML, the residualization stage of an o -line partial evaluator is replaced by run-time code generation and compilation, and there is no upper limit on the number of stages. While this is a powerful technique, there are, nevertheless, many simple programs where automatic binding time analysis is su cient, and hand staging is simply an annoyance. In MetaML we have combined the advantages of both, allowing a simple type-directed binding time analysis to coexist with the manual staging annotations. This integration is the subject of this paper.


By exploiting characteristics from channel state information (CSI) profiles and the behavioral habits of users during their routine work processes in IIoT systems, this paper proposes a passive multi-characteristics user authentication framework for continuous user authentication. We first characterize user physical layer identities using a well-known eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) machine learning algorithm, and then depict user behavioral characteristics by formulating the authentication decision process as a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to further confirm user identities. Extensive experiments are performed to show the authentication performance of the proposed user authentication framework in terms of ROC curves and accuracy in various IIoT scenarios. We also investigate the performance of the proposed framework for resisting impersonation attacks in the IIoT scenario.


Traditional cotton and bast fiber detection using artificial methods. Image processing techniques have been applied to the fiber detection and improve the automation and recognition efficiency of the detection. Image segmentation is the basic one of the steps for fiber identification. This paper using gradient edge detection method to segment the cotton and bast fiber longitudinal morphological image, and using morphological reconstruction operation method to the cross sectional fiber image. Both two kinds of images can be segmented by mathematical morphology method.


This article studies the controllability and observability of nonlinear positive discrete systems. These properties play a fundamental role in system analysis before controller and observer design is engaged. We solve these problems by a technique based on the fixed point theory.


T H E author first deals with the dangers of unskilled surgery in this region, and then enumerates the symptoms indicating that an operation is necessary. He refers to the various authorities on the subject, their modes of operating, and the varieties of operation ; and concludes by pointing out—firstly, that we should not operate unless acquainted with the anatomy and pathology of the part, and unless we have operated frequently on the dead body; secondly, that cases of persistent chronic otitis media should be carefully examined, and, if necessary, operated on ; thirdly, that the use of the gouge or gimlet in operating is dangerous and incomplete ; and, lastly, that we should not stitch up the wound, but leave a large opening. St. George Reid.


Epithelial cells are the primary site of carcinogenesis in most tissues, including the mammary gland. As an alternative to the study of mutation induction in whole tissues in vivo, we have established Big Blue™ transgenic rat cell lines from the mammary epithelium (BBR/ME) and the mammary stroma (BBR/MFib), to permit a comparison of their mutagenic responses to carcinogens. We previously demonstrated their responsiveness to the alkylating agent N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU) (McDiarmid H et al. [2001]: Mutat Res 497:39–47). Here, we examined the responses of cultured epithelial and stromal cells to the protein pyrolysis product and mammary carcinogen 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP). Rat hepatic S9 was used as a source of bioactivation enzymes. Mutant induction (cII locus) and clonogenic survival were measured as a function of PhIP concentration. PhIP mutagenicity was observed in the fibroblast cells, but the greater toxicity of PhIP to the epithelial cells prevented a definitive evaluation of mutagenicity. Since PhIP may be detoxified by conjugation with glutathione, we measured glutathione levels and glutathione‐S‐transferase expression and activities in both cell lines. The epithelial cells had higher glutathione‐S‐transferase enzyme activity and protein expression than did the fibroblast cell line. Because the epithelial cells were more sensitive to toxicity, glutathione conjugation evidently plays only a minor role in PhIP toxicity and mutagenicity in our cell lines. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 39:245–253, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


................................................................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................. viii LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................... xv LIST OF PLATES ........................................................................................................ xvi LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... xvii ABBREVATIONS ...................................................................................................... xviii CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INTRODUCTION ................................................................... 1 1.1 Dourine ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Equine piroplasmosis ................................................................................ 1 1.3 Anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis .................................................................. 2 CHAPTER 2: OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ............................................................... 5 2.1 Statement of the problem .......................................................................... 5 2.2 Aims of the study ....................................................................................... 7 2.2.1 Specific aims ............................................................................................. 7 2.3 Objectives .................................................................................................. 7 2.3.1 General research objectives ...................................................................... 7 2.3.2 Specific objectives ..................................................................................... 7


In May 2004, Malta, Cyprus and eight Central and Eastern European countries joined the European Union (EU). This raises the question whether the increasing heterogeneity of the new EU member states, their different memories, interests, ideas and identities will have a negative effect on the policy-making process of the EU or if the integration dynamic of the EU can be maintained. Analytically, three different aspects of such a capacity to act can be distinguished: The capability to enforce compliance with the European legislation and rules, the decision-making capability of the EU organisations and the capability to advance further political projects. (1) The implementation of the Community acquis was a crucial membership criterion in order to preserve the central "club goods" of the EU, especially the Common Market and the competition rules. (2) The decisionmaking capability of the EU is challenged by the accession of ten mostly smaller and poorer countries. Until the date of accession, the former member states could not agree upon the required fundamental reforms of the institutional architecture, the budget and the redistributive policies. (3) A prerequisite for further political projects is the readiness of the 25 member states to cooperate. This requires a new balance between the equality of sovereign nations and a stronger influence of bigger states. The development of such a balance is considerably impeded by the process and the results of the extremely asymmetric accession negotiations. It can be concluded that compliance with European rules was largely assured, but it is still open to question as to whether the organisational and political prerequisites for the European capability for action can be restored after the successful enlargement process. BACES Discussion Paper No. 1


Patents and other intellectual property (IP) have grown in relative importance in investments and market capitalizations of public firms (e.g., Corrado and Hulten 2010). This paper illustrates the construction of IP-intensive stock price indexes, focusing on a network analysis tool (Martin 2001, Winer et al. 2003, Luse and Martin 2014) that helps pinpoint firms that are most likely to generate value from their intangible assets. The analysis finds that (a) stock price indexes constructed using the tool yield above-average returns and (b) stock prices of US companies in two tech-driven sectors outperform non-US firms despite lower average patent portfolio valuations.


The Internet border gateway protocol(BGP in short)is a routing protocol based on policies It provides flexibility for choosing BGP routing However,practice shows that oscillation between BGP routes often appears because of policy conflict In this paper,a policy conflict checking algorithm based on the rule of AS relationship is proposed on the basis of analysing AS relationship The algorithm detects routing policy configuration errors according to the routing policy configuration principle under AS relationship


The Experiment was carried out to measure the effect of four natural plant oils (namely: Cinnamonium zeylanicum L., Syzygium aromatic L., Citrus aurantium amara, and Lavandula spica) on controlling the greater wax moth and their ability to persist. The methodology included collecting and rearing the greater wax moth under laboratory conditions to be able to isolate the target tested stages. The immature stages (eggs and larvae) of the experiment moth were exposed to fumes of tested oils (50 µl/500 ml) to calculate hatchability and mortality percentage. The results were clear that fumes of C. zeylanicum and S. aromatic were caused 100% unhatching eggs after zero time as the same recorded by comparable compound (paradix) and able to persist their effect at the closed and limited zone for 60 days. On another side, C. zeylanicum and S. aromat were affected on last larval instars and emerged adults. The accumulative effect was appeared in the case of treatment by C. zeylanicum which was caused sterility to emerged adults and reduced eggs deposition to zero. The data indicated that some natural product compounds could be used as an alternative way of control insect pests.


The article deals with the problem of language person in the mass media, particularly in the publicistic discourse. As is well known, there are only two types of them: an author and an addressee. The author of the paper marks out a third one: an initiator who performs his own duties. All the participants have a very difficult and an unequal relationship with each other.


A new series of donor–acceptor (D–A) conjugated random terpolymers (PBDTT–DPP–TPD) were synthesized from electron-rich thienyl-substituted benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene (BDTT), in conjugation with two electron-deficient units, pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione (DPP) and thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6-dione (TPD), of different electron-withdrawing strengths. The optical properties of these random terpolymers can be easily controlled by tuning the ratio between DPP and TPD; an increase in TPD induced increased absorption between 400 and 650 nm and a lower highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, while higher DPP contents resulted in stronger absorption between 600 and 900 nm. The best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.33% was obtained from PBDTT–DPP75–TPD25 with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) due to the improved light absorption and thus a short-circuit current density (JSC) higher than 16 mA/cm2. Interestingly, the trend observed in the PCE values differed from that of optical be...