Objective To assess the effect of comprehensive treatment for lumber disk herniation (LDH) by stages. Method 130 patients of LDH were randomly divided into two groups between which study group including 72 patients were comprehensively treated by stages and traditional therapy was prescribed for control group consisting of 58 patients. Result The effective rate of study group was 97.2% and that of control group was 84.5%. Conclusion The effect of comprehensive treatment for LDH by stages is better than that of traditonal therapy.


Recently, many pilot pyrolysis plants have been installed in different parts of the world to recycle waste automobile tyres. The light fraction of pyrolysis oil (LFPO) obtained in a pilot plant has properties better than those of the crude tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO) which is obtained in a laboratory level pyrolysis plant. This paper presents the determination of cetane number of the LFPO and its diesel blends, using a correlation. They were then used as fuels in a small powered, single cylinder, direct injection (DI) diesel engine to establish the results of combustion, performance and emission parameters of the engine. The cetane number of the LFPO and its blends were observed to be lower than those of diesel at all loads. The combustion of the LFPO-diesel blends started little later, and its duration was longer for the LFPO-diesel blends compared to that of diesel fuel at full load. The ignition delay was also found to be longer for all the blends tested in this study at full load. [Received: August 22, 2014; Accepted: January 1, 2015]


Knudsen theory of scattering is established from quantum mechanical (QM) principles. Using close-coupled QM simulations of elastic helium scattering from a surface, we demonstrate that as disorder is introduced on the atomic-scale, the scattering shifts from diffraction to diffuse, characterised by cosine-distribution. This apparent thermalisation of the helium eigenstates due to an elastic process is attributed to the bound-state resonances in the helium-surface potential, which are shown to also exhibit chemical-like shifts. Our work establish fundamental Knudsen scattering which precedes any known macroscopic effects, as well as lay the basis for helium based metrology of disorder in 2D materials and material surfaces.


Many U.S. corporations have formalized their expectations regarding employee behavior by publishing codes of ethics or internally circulating standards of behavior requirements. A survey of more than one thousand large U.S. corporations indicates that over 25 percent of such firms have established definite patterns in identifying prohibited behavior.


Productivity growth is important; it's the means by which our society progresses. Without it, our economy stagnates and living standards decline; we get progressively poorer and the opportunities and services available for us and our children diminish. Editor John O'Leary looks into the issue.


This paper presents an approach for modeling nonholonomic hybrid parameter multiple body systems in order to account for the combination of rigid body dynamics and elastic motions in systems and to examine the effects of control strategies on stress development in the elastic members. The method allows for continuum bodies to be represented with the postulates associated with non-linear theories, such as Timoshenko-like beams as well as higher order plate and shell theories. The variational nature of the approach provides for the derivation of the nonlinear hybrid differential equations and the boundary conditions. Pseudo-coordinates and pseudo-speeds are used to allow for the inclusion of holonomic or nonholonomic constraints that occur among the hybrid parameter bodies, including intra-domain constraints. An applications of the methodology to a problems arising in biomechanics is presented. In this context, the methodology provides a method for relating neural control to stress development in skeletal structure. Consequently, this framework allows one to illustrate the combined effects of neural control strategies, models of muscle force inclusion, and elastic assumptions on joint trajectories and stress and strain development in the bone and tendon that arise in human movement systems.


Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in COVID-19 patients. Nonetheless, its actual incidence is based in case series and retrospective studies, reporting a wide range of presentations. It has been suggested that AKI is an independent risk factor for mechanical ventilation and death in patients with that viral infection. Material and methods: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study. The files of interned patients at Hospital Ángeles Mocel between March and July 2020, with a COVID-19 diagnosis, were reviewed. Patients over 18 years old, with a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis and a complete file were included (n = 83). A descriptive analysis to calculate percentages, means and standard deviation was employed. Results: 36.14% of patients developed AKI, 43.3% were classified as KDIGO 1, 20% as KDIGO 2, 36.6% as KDIGO 3, and 23.3% required kidney replacement therapy. Of the patients under invasive mechanical ventilation, 77.7% developed AKI. Out of the total of patients with AKI, 56.6% died. Conclusions: The incidence of AKI in COVID-19 patients in our population, was similar to that reported in the international literature. AKI was more frequent in patients hospitalized in intensive care units and under invasive mechanical ventilation, in which a higher mortality was observed.


Hetai Gold Mine is a typical altered mylonite gold deposit. The mineralization at this mine is favored by its old-aged metamorphic rocks, tough shear-band characters, and high driving force and rich substance supply for mineralization. It is however difficult to explore the mineral deposits under 600M directly by means of the conventional exploring engineering, because of a lack of engineering control of the deposits, and of unknown deposit distribution there. It is therefore suggested that a further work on the prediction and engineering confirmation of the deep mineralization be done by constructing a mineralization model, making use of the geological and geochemical data of deep mineralization, and employing the already obtained physical and chemical exploration results, so as to get control of the deposit resources in a short future.


The purpose of the present note is to introduce some notions useful for applications of the trace formula to the study of the principle of functoriality, including base change, and to the study of zeta-functions of Shimura varieties. In order to avoid disconcerting technical digressions I shall work with reductive groups over fields of characteristic zero, but the second assumption is only a matter of convenience, for the problems caused by inseparability are not serious. The difficulties with which the trace formula confronts us are manifold. Most of them arise from the non-compactness of the quotient and will not concern us here. Others are primarily arithmetic and occur even when the quotient is compact. To see how they arise, we consider a typical problem.


The development of precision medicine in 21st century has accelerated a new area of medicine, bringing a precise project of diagnosis and treatment.The new techniques for genetic diseases including next generation sequencing and copy number variation detection technology have facilitated the diagnosis and treatment of genetic and rare diseases in children's neural system, providing a new directed therapies especially for creatine deficiency syndromes, pyridoxine dependent epilepsy, glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome, malignant migrating partial seizures in infancy, GRIN2A-related early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, KCNQ2-related epilepsies.With the new area of precision medicine arrival, an epoch-making revolution for the diagnosis and treatment of genetic and rare diseases in children's neural system is coming towards us.

Key words:
Precision medicine; Genetic disease; Diagnosis; Treatment


A method for producing metal oxide particles having nano-sized grains is disclosed. A solution of metal cations is mixed with surfactant under conditions such that surfactant micelles are formed. This mixture is then heated to form the metal oxide particles; this heating step removing the surfactant, forming the metal oxide and creating the pore structure of the particles. The pore structures are disordered. This method is particularly advantageous for production of complex (multi-component) metal oxides in which the different atomic species are homogeneously dispersed.


The hypothesis that the risky shift phenomenon can be accounted for by skewed distributions of the subjects' initial risk-taking choices was investigated with the use of consumer stimuli. Skewness, manipulated in four experimental conditions, significantly affected group decisions and shifts. However, contrary to a majority-rule interpretation, significant cautious shifts did not occur when the distributions were negatively skewed.


The household-composition matrix has been used in the past for single-region projection of population and households; here the application is expanded to multiregional projection of population and households. Geographic regions of residence are considered as household categories, and a household-composition matrix is constructed to indicate average numbers of persons by age per household, for each of the regions considered. Changes over time in the elements of the matrix occur according to the aging of population and according to constraints indicated by observed patterns of past household mobility. These patterns are listed as six possible household mobility types, which in turn, are viewed as constraints within which population growth takes place. With the assumption that external net-migration to the regions, as a whole, is known for a projected period, an iterative procedure is offered to estimate future population by age and region, as well as future number and average size of households by region.


The development of modern American medicine has not been a history of scientific progress alone; it has also been a sociopolitical evolutionary process involving the delivery of health care. It is this evolving pattern of medical practice that will be addressed in this article, and in particular the ever-increasing emphasis on group practice. The Mayo brothers are generally credited with starting the first important group practice at the turn of the 20th century.' The Mayos developed a true patient-sharing program because they could not themselves handle the clinical load. It quickly became clear that there were many distinct advantages in such an arrangement. On an intellectual level, there are many more patients from whom to glean information if many doctors pool their practices. With regard to growth potential, a large group with diversified services will attract patients with both complex and simple problems from ever-widening referral patterns, and success will thus breed further success. With regard to financial returns, a group can purchase and run expensive laboratory equipment, which can be a source of revenue that is unavailable to the solo practitioner.


Calixarenes are macrocycles derived from para-substituted phenols and formaldehyde. These molecular baskets are often used for complexation of ions and small organic molecules, for catalysis of simple reactions, and for separations. One of the goals of the field, says Silvio E. Biali, organic chemistry professor at Hebrew University of Jerusalem, is to design receptors for specific tasks. Researchers want to improve the calixarenes' somewhat tenuous hold on neutral organic guest molecules in solution, Biali notes. In this quest, much effort has gone into adding, removing, or altering "various appendages on calixarene rings, generally at the para position and/or the phenolic oxygen," according to C. David Gutsche, professor of chemistry at Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, who has been described as the "dean" of calixarene research. Until recently, however, "very little attention has been directed to altering the basic framework itself," Gutsche says. Biali's team has now done this, preparing a satur...


A copper-catalyzed protocol furnishing N-arylated sulfoximines has been developed via dual N-H/C-H activation. Arylalkyl- and less reactive diarylsulfoximines were efficiently coupled with privileged scaffolds like indolines, indoles, and N-Ar-7-azaindoles. Sulfoximines based on medicinally relevant scaffolds (phenothiazine, dibenzothiophene, thioxanthenone) were also well tolerated. Detailed mechanistic studies indicate that the deprotometalation and protodemetalation step is the reversible step.


A new generation of smartphone accessories are emerging to support 2-d and 3-d printing and model creation. These mobile, handheld devices require continuous self-location with position accuracy approaching 0.001 inch, well beyond the capabilities of commercial, consumer-grade wireless positioning technologies. We consider the problem of accurately tracking the motion of a handheld device that provides free- hand, high-resolution image `drawing' while being swiped across a fixed planar surface. We review the capabilities and limitations of existing short-range localization technologies, including optical navigation sensors, ultrasonic positioning devices, and Inertial Measurement Units (IMU). We describe the testing apparati we constructed to establish the ground truth position of a device. We show how combining the complementary capabilities of these sensors can accurately locate a handheld device, potentially enabling a new class of smartphone imaging peripherals and applications.


Hydrogen was an ideal energy carrier because it is lightweight,abundant and clean.One of the key points for achieving hydrogen application was an effective and safe hydrogen storage.Hydrogen storage alloy,as a hydrogen storage material,had been attracting much attention with particular in A2B-type Ti2Ni-based ones.They had a high theoretical storage capacity of about 500 mAh/g.This review introduced the structure of crystalline Ti2Ni alloy,the research progress of Ti2Ni-based hydrogen storage alloy,and the probable future work and some related problems.


Objective Published research on agitation is limited by the difficulty in generalizing findings from trials using moderately agitated, carefully selected patients treated with single agents. More specifically, there are few comparative studies examining common intramuscular (IM) regimens (ie, haloperidol with or without benzodiazepines) with IM atypical antipsychotics. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective chart review to compare IM olanzapine and haloperidol in a "real-world" population with agitation. Method We performed a retrospective evaluation of charts from 146 consecutive emergency department patients who received either IM haloperidol or IM olanzapine for agitation. We used a clinically oriented proxy marker of efficacy—the necessity for additional medication intervention for agitation (AMI)—as our primary outcome measure. Results Additional medication intervention for agitation was required by 43% (13/30) patients when haloperidol was given alone and by 18% (13/72) when haloperidol was given with a benzodiazepine. In the case of olanzapine, AMI was required by 29% (6/21) of patients receiving olanzapine alone and by 18% (2/11) of patients given olanzapine plus a benzodiazepine. A significant percentage of patients had clinical characteristics (nonpsychiatric triage complaint, drug/alcohol use, severe agitation) that differ from more selective samples. Conclusions Overall, these finding suggest that in a naturalistic emergency department setting, haloperidol monotherapy is less effective—at least in requiring AMI—than olanzapine with or without a benzodiazepine or haloperidol plus a benzodiazepine. Moreover, these later 3 regimens seemed comparable. Prospective studies examining the treatment of real-world agitation, including head-to-head comparisons of the haloperidol-benzodiazepine combination with newer IM antipsychotics, are needed.


Let (Mn)n≥0 be an ergodic Markov chain on a general state space X with stationary distributionπ andg : X → [0,∞) a measurable function. Define S0(g) = 0 andS(g) def = g(M1)+ . . .+g(Mn) for n ≥ 1. Given any stopping time T for (Mn)n≥0 and any initial distributionν for (Mn)n≥0, the purpose of this paper is to provide suitable conditions for the finiteness of EνST (g) for p > 1. A typical result states that EνST (g) p ≤ C1(EνST (g ) + EνT ) + C2 for suitable finite constants C1, C2. Our analysis is based to a large extent on martingale decompositions for Sn(g) and on drift conditions for the function g and the transition kernelP of the chain. Some of the results are stated under the stronge r assumption that (Mn)n≥0 is positive Harris recurrent in which case stopping times T which are regeneration epochs for the chain are of particular interes . The important special case whereT = T (t) def = inf{n ≥ 1: Sn(g) > t} for t ≥ 0 is also treated. 2000 AMS Mathematics Subject Classification:60K1S, 60G42, 60G40.


The paper summarises some dimensions in which the pedagogical approach is settled. Starting with theoretical comparison of the concept of educability with the one of possibility, through the recovering of the utopia orientation, the problems of disability identity and citizenship are discussed. Help in this direction comes from the last OMS classification, which this article examines in its pedagogical aspects.


The mechanism of hypertension in Cushing's syndrome remains undetermined. Some studies have demonstrated an increased sensitivity to pressor agents but it is not clear if patients with Cushing's syndrome of different aetiologies demonstrate this finding. We have examined pressor sensitivity in a group of patients with Cushing's disease (pituitary dependent hypercortisolism) by measuring blood pressure during incrementally increasing infusions of noradrenaline.


We study a multi-type branching process in i.i.d. random environment. Assuming that the associated random walk satisfies the Doney-Spitzer condition, we find the asymptotics of the survival probability at time $n$ as $n \to \infty$.


A surface crystallization phenomenon on bonding pads and wires of integrated circuit chip is reported in this paper. Through a lot of experiments, an unknown failure effect caused by mixed crystalline matter is revealed, whereas non-plasma fluorine contamination cannot cause the failure of bonding pads. By experiments combined with infrared spectroscopy analysis, the surface crystallization effect is studied. The conclusion of the study can provide the guidance for IC fabrication, modelling and analysis.


The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for postoperative urinary retention (POUR) among female patients by evaluating its occurrence in women who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in Gyeongsang National University Hospital.


English has been globally used for communication and studied by almost all countries. Therefore, understanding and being able to communicate in English is crucial. A lot of English learning is currently delivered using the lecture method, but there is no medium for learning English vocabulary in an application. This study aims to create a Fun English Vocabulary Card game to improve children's English vocabulary. To design the learning model, the design of use case and activity diagrams was utilized. Based on the pre-test and post-test results, this game significantly increased children's English vocabulary. The average pre-test score was 43.625, and the average post-test score was 95, which indicates that the educational game application could improve users' knowledge and understanding of English vocabulary.


The adverbs soþlice ('truly'; from soþ 'truth, true', soþlic 'true') and witodlice 'truly, certainly'2 are employed in various functions in Old English (OE): on the phrase level, they may be used as manner adverbs, mainly in direct speech with a rst-person subject (e.g. in phrases such as ic secge soþlice 'I tell you truly'), or they are employed as emphasizers. Yet, as I could show in an earlier study, they also have another function – which is not commonly noted in dictionaries – in OE narrative prose: as sentence adverbials and eventually discourse markers, they lose much of their original meaning, extend their scope from the phrase level to at least the sentence level and at the same time develop a metatextual function – they are used as discourse markers demarcating episode boundaries on the global level of discourse and as highlighting devices on the local level of discourse (cf. Lenker 2000). In the discussion following the presentation of this earlier study at the ICHL at Düsseldorf, the question was raised3 whether this development from manner adjunct to discourse marker was specic to soþlice and witodlice or whether other semantically similar adverbs, i.e. those with a basic meaning 'truly', showed the same functional diversity and development. To test this assertion is one of the aims of the present chapter. The approach chosen in this chapter is therefore, in contrast to many studies on related subjects, a decidedly onomasiological one, though I will obviously have to limit the detailed analysis to a few exemplary cases: on the basis of a brief summary of my ndings for OE soþlice, which are supplemented by the data for Middle English (ME) sothly, the functions of ME forsoothe and ME trewely are examined. Their history will then be compared to adverbs whose propositional meaning does not express 'veracity' but 'factuality' (Present-day English [PDE] indeed, in fact, actually), thus linking the ndings to recent research on PDE indeed and in fact (Traugott 1999;


We consider a two-period overlapping generations economy in which individuals work in both periods and acquire skills when young through both learning-by-doing and formal education. We characterise the unique saddle-path stable steady state of this economy and show that individuals spend too much (too little) time in formal education when the economy is dynamically inefficient (efficient). Overeducation is, therefore, linked to overaccumulation of physical capital. Finally, we show that the social planner can decentralise the golden rule by issuing public debt when the laissez-faire economy is dynamically inefficient; there is no room for education policy in the absence of social externalities in the process of skill acquisition.


Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of macroalgae offers a promising route to advanced biofuel production, although the distinct biochemical compositions of different macroalgae species can lead to widely different product yields and compositions. On the basis of this, there is an implicit assumption that there exists a universal optimal feedstock species for a bioenergy-based biorefinery, which could be exploited across a wide region. However, no studies to date have examined the effect of this large geographical variation on a single macroalgae species for biofuel production. In this study, 24 samples of Ulva intestinalis were collected along 1200 km of Swedish coastline and assessed as a feedstock for HTL. Significant variation in composition was observed between samples from Baltic and Atlantic regions, but substantial variation also existed between sites within close proximity. This was reflected in the HTL biocrude oil yields, which varied between 9 and 20% (14–28% dry and ash-free basis) across the sam...


In this study, the changes of the streamflow characteristics of the watershed were analysed depending on the infiltration methods of CAT. The study area, Boryeong-dam watershed located in Chungcheongnam-do area, has been suffered from severe drought in recent years and stabilized regarding on the storage rate through efforts such as constructing a channel connecting the upstream of Boryeong-dam from the downstream of the Geum river. In this study, the effects of soil infiltration parameters on the watershed streamflow characteristics were analyzed by the infiltration methods of CAT such as Rainfall Excess, Green&Ampt and Horton. And the parameter calibrations were conducted by SCEUA-P, a global optimization technique module of the PEST, the package for parameter optimization and uncertainty analysis, to compare the yearly variations of soil parameters for infiltration methods of CAT. In addition, the streamflow characteristics were analyzed for three infiltration methods by applying three different scenarios, such as applying calibrated parameters for every years to simulate the model for each years, applying calibrated parameters for the entire period to simulate the model for entire period, and applying the average value of yearly calibrated parameters to simulate the model for entire period.


AIM To study whether remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has an impact on clinical outcomes, such as post-operative atrial fibrillation (POAF). METHODS This was a prospective, single-center, single-blinded, randomized controlled study. One hundred and two patients were randomized to receive RIPC (3 cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion in the upper arm after induction of anesthesia) or no RIPC (control). Primary outcome was POAF lasting for five minutes or longer during the first seven days after surgery. Secondary outcomes included length of hospital stay, incidence of inpatient mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke. RESULTS POAF occurred at a rate of 54% in the RIPC group and 41.2% in the control group (P = 0.23). No statistically significant differences were noted in secondary outcomes between the two groups. CONCLUSION This is the first study in the United States to suggest that RIPC does not reduce POAF in patients with elective or urgent cardiac surgery. There were no differences in adverse effects in either group. Further studies are required to assess the relationship between RIPC and POAF.


The green economy concept is gaining importance in international debates. The Rio+20 conference (United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 2012) will consider the green economy as one of the two major themes alongside the theme of institutional frameworks. The G20 Summit in Mexico this year also has sustainable development and green growth as a key issue on the agenda. But what does the green economy mean at country level? What happens when the green economy concept is operationalised in a global economy? And what are the trade solutions for small and vulnerable economies (SVEs) in such a global green economy?


The invention relates to an external cavity type broadband tunable laser coupling a filter with double laser gain media, comprising a first laser gain medium, a first intracavity collimating lens, an active optical phase modulator, a tunable acousto-optic filter, an intracavity reflecting mirror, an optical etalon and an intracavity totally reflecting mirror which are sequentially mounted in a laser cavity, a second laser gain medium, a second laser cavity end mirror and a second intracavity collimating lens which are mounted on the second laser gain medium, a multi-layer medium film optical filter for coupling output light beams of the first laser gain medium and the second laser gain medium, a radio frequency signal source, pump sources of the two laser gain media, a driving source of the active optical phase modulator, and a laser driving control circuit. The external cavity type broadband tunable laser is reasonable in design, realizes the function of enabling the output spectrum range of the single laser to cover C and L spectral bands, expands the output spectrum range of the tunable laser, and has the characteristics of stability and reliability in performance, low cost, small size, easiness in mounting and production and the like.


In this paper, we obtain some estimates on the [Formula: see text]-boundary norm of the Bergman kernel for pseudoconvex domains admitting a plurisubharmonic defining function.


A study on the activation of the Ignitor machine is performed. The machine has been modelled with the neutron transport code ANISN, in orderto calculate the neutron fluxes. These have been input in the inventory code ANITA, and the neutron-induced radioactivity in the structures of the machine is obtained. It becomes clear that the activation of certain parts of the machine (vessel, magnets) requires the adoption of remote handling equipment for their maintenance. The substitution of INCONEL 625 (vessel material for Ignitor) by a material with lower long-term activation is discussed


Based on the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty and neuro-scientific explanation,Hubert Dreyfus puts forward the idea of "Intelligence without Representation".Through the critical survey,we see that it still faces some challenges.It is not definitive that expert skillful action without representation.The critique of propositional representation doesn't result to deny any form of representation.Using phenomenology actively demands a guideline of constructive phenomenology.


In this paper, we describe a multi agent controller for meeting different criteria, based on emotional learning. Our proposed controller is motivated by the affective and emotional faculties in human begins, which constantly evaluate the current states with respect to the achievement of the desired goals. For meeting different criteria, the controller consists of several critic agents that each agent tries to meet its goal. The combination of emotions of these agents applies on the controller in order to adapt the learning coefficients to achieve predefined criteria and goals. Our proposed controller, also continuously evaluate the current states from critic agents and incremental achievement or disachievement of the set objectives, and self tune its control action accordingly. The controller is based on intelligent neurofuzzy architecture that suitable for online training algorithms. The effectiveness of the total multi agent emotional control system (MEAC) is demonstrated trough examples in which the proposed system is used for reducing control effort and tracking error simultaneously. The contribution of critic's emotions in multi criteria satisfaction is highlighted through these examples.


The analysis and design of a cylindrical cavity for microwave heating applications, including the feeding mechanism is proposed in this paper. The cylindrical cavity design aims at the production of a uniform fleld distribution, avoiding non-uniform heating and thermal runaway. The analysis of the device is based on the Mode Matching Technique. This has been proved to be an e-cient and robust technique for the analysis of multiple discontinuities. The feeding structures maybe a circular, rectangular or coaxial waveguide. All quantities involved in the analysis are evaluated analytically achieving a fast and accurate method. 1. INTRODUCTION The application of high power microwaves for thermal processing of dielectric materials, has received a great attention in the past. The beneflts of using microwaves instead of conventional heating mechanisms are mainly due to the fact that microwave energy can penetrate the material achieving rapid internal heating. The main disadvantages are non-uniform heating and thermal runaway (1). As rectangular cross-section cavities are mainly used, the amplitude fleld distribution depends on the cavity dimensions and the modes excited in the cavity. Even for a high order modes cavity there is a great ∞uctuation of the fleld distribution, resulting in non uniform heating of the material under process. Many techniques have been proposed to overcome this problem, such as the frequency variation and the fleld disturbance using a metallic blade. Frequency variation can be used only in relatively low power or small size devices, since high power microwave generators cannot alter their frequency. Moreover, the use of a metallic blade in a high power microwave cavity will produce high voltage arcs with unpredictable results. The main strength of rectangular and in particular cubic cavities is the possibility of high order mode degeneration. Namely, up to 12 modes can be made to resonate at the frequency of operation. The always challenging question is, what is the appropriate excitation which optimally excites all modes, in order to achieve homogeneous heating energy deposition. Instead of working toward this direction, the present work tries to examine the possibility of producing uniform flelds using cylindrical cavities either ordinary or with corrugated walls. The corrugations aim at the establishment of a hybrid HE11 mode which is expected to present a more homogeneous fleld distribution. The exact analysis of the cavity as well as the feeding mechanism will be performed using a closed-form mode matching technique. Since all the involved coupling integrals are evaluated analytically, this results in a very fast and compact technique without numerical instabilities. The dimensions of the cavity and the feeding source section will be designed aiming at the higher possible uniformity of the fleld amplitude. The feeding structure can be a circular, rectangular, coaxial waveguide or a combination of them. Its position will be optimized for the proper excitation of all necessary modes in the cavity. The material to be heated will be inserted to the cavity with the aid of a moving belt, since the device aims at industrial applications, as shown in Fig. 1. For this purpose, two openings will be included in the cavity, while '=4 chokes will prevent microwave leakage (2).


A new recycling process for fiberglass waste is proposed without any use of virgin materials or additives. This technology consists of a "direct molding" (i.e. compression molding) of powders from fiberglass pulverization. In order to show the feasibility of this recycling technology, several fiberglass laminates were molded with a polyester matrix and different glass fiber contents (from 0 to 40 wt%). The pulverization-molding cycle was repeated two times to evaluate further recyclability of recycled fiberglass. Particle size distribution of recycled powders was evaluated after each pulverizing step, as well as density and bending properties of all virgin and recycled samples. Even if final properties of recycled fiberglass are not comparable with virgin fiberglass, they are comparable with other technical materials such as plasterboard. In fact, in the best case, 40% glass-filled samples showed a bending strength over 4 MPa with a strain at break over 2%. Highest values were found after the second pulverization step because of particle size refinement. Applying a polyester coating on the molded sample surface always resulted in a strong increase on strength (up to + 200%).


This paper describes an experimental investigation on flow field characteristics of impinging-film cooling. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology has been applied to observe the effect of blowing ratio (0:04 ≤M ≤ 0:3), temperature ratio (0:73 ≤ Tu ≤ 0:91), jet-to-plate pitch (1:6 ≤ Zn ≤ 3:2), and spacing of impinging holes (1:94 ≤ Yn ≤ 3:5) on the flow field patterns in an impinging-film cooling test rig under atmospheric pressure. Experiment results show that the near-wall entrained vortex at the downstream of the slit moves downstream of the test rig as the blowing ratio increases, which increases the effective protection length of the film. While the vortex at the end of the inducting slab is stronger, this will increase the mixing in the shear layer. The radial size of the near-wall entrained vortex tends to decrease as the temperature ratio increases at the low blow ratio, and the entrainment effect on the downstream of the slit becomes smaller, causing the separation zone to decrease. Increasing the jet-to-plate pitch, the size of the near-wall entrained vortex increases, and the thickness of the film layer increases, this strengthens the separation effect of the near-wall airflow from the wall surface. The larger the spacing of the impinging holes, the more uneven the velocity distribution of the film.


Trichosanthin(TCS),a plant protein,has multiple pharmacological properties.In recent years,there is much advance on the research of its anti-tumor activity,however,the agreement on TCS-induced anti-tumor mechanism has not been widely achieved.Some people believe that TCS exerts antitumor activities by inducing apoptosis,others treat TCS as a ribsome inactivating protein(RIP),which inreversiblly inactivates the production of protein.In this review,we talk about the anti-tumor mechanism of TCS.


The recent popularity of genetic algorithms (GA's) and their application to a wide variety of problems is a result of their ease of implementation and flexibility. Evolutionary techniques are often applied to optimization and related search problems where the fitness of a potential result is easily established. Problems of this type are generally very difficult and often NP-Hard, so the ability to find a reasonable solution to these problems within an acceptable time constraint is clearly desirable. One such problem that has been researched thoroughly is the search for Shellsort sequences. The attributes of this problem make it a prime target for the application of genetic algorithms. Noting this, the authors have designed a GA that efficiently searches for Shellsort sequences that are top performers. This research has resulted in the discovery of several new sequences that are statistically 3% more efficient, from the standpoint of comparison counting, than the best sequences known.


The Chongmuda copper deposit in Sangri,southern Xizang is considered as skarn-type copper deposit,and was hosted in the Bima Formation of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Sangri Group which has been subjected to the skarnization and regional epimetamorphism.The copper orebodies(mineralized orebodies) in the deposit mostly occur in diopside garnet skarn and skarnized marble in the third to fourth members of the Bima Formation along or around the fractured zones.The formation(mineralization) of the copper deposit is involved in two phases of skarnization and formation of the hydrothermal sulfides.


The present invention relates to a power receiving device, a vehicle, and a power transmission device. This power receiving device (200) includes a magnetic shield (500), and the magnetic shield (500) includes: a first magnetic sheet (520) located beside the power receiving unit (210); a conductive sheet (510) located opposite to the power receiving unit (210) with the first magnetic sheet (520) interposed therebetween; and a second magnetic sheet (530) located opposite to the first magnetic sheet (520) with the conductive sheet (510) interposed therebetween.


tyle and Proportion was both published and discounted in 1967. Ten years of hard intellectual work by Josephine "Jo"Miles, a poet and professor of English literature at the University of California at Berkeley, was dismissed by the very press that had carefully produced a strikingly original and lavish 200-page book. Miles's passion for poetry was augmented by a curious interest in reading at a "middledistance," a term rather ironically coined by Franco Moretti in 2000. Given the current interest in digital humanism, Miles can be furthermore considered one of the pioneers of digital humanities—given that she concluded what today would be called a digital humanities project seventeen year prior to the publication of the first volume of Roberto Busa's Index Thomasticus, which is considered the beginning of digital humanities. It is not entirely clear why the historiography of digital humanism has mostly overlooked Miles contribution to the field. Thus far, two articles have accounted for her work as early digital humanist. The practice of distant reading across text, looking at semantic structures rather than doing hermeneutics of authors' intentions, has a long history. The example of Miles's scholarship shows that the field of digital humanities grew out of a rather orthodox research practice that can be connected to the big humanities projects of the nineteenth century. Back then, the hope was to establish a canon of texts to shape different national traditions. Accordingly, humanists in the academies of Berlin, Cambridge, or Paris were busy collecting, collating, and editing texts. The industrious efforts and good


To solve the problems of the heat resistance and abrasion-resistance of the engineering plastics used in the body and engine of aeroplane, the modification of eco-compatible phenolic resin by polyphenylene ether was studied, and it was found modifier X could apparently improve the synthesis technical properties between phenolic resin and polyphenylene ether. The heat resistance, abrasion resistance and mechanical properties of the materials before and after the modification were compared with each other by means of DSC, TGA, SEM and EDAX. The results showed the heat resistance, abrasion resistance and mechanical properties of the modified phenolic resin were better than those of the phenolic resin which was not modified. The initial weight loss temperature of the modified phenolic resin rose 10~20 ℃, which made the residual weight of the modified phenolic resin increased by 25% at 600 ℃,the abrasion loss of the modified phenolic resin decreased by 16.8%. Compared with the unmodified resin, the tensile strength, bending strength and impact strength of the modified phenolic resin increased by 400 MPa, 200 MPa and 60 kJ/m2 respectively.


It is often claimed that earthworms exert a huge influence on soil macroporosity. Nevertheless, gaps still exist in our knowledge of rangeability in soil macroporosity caused by earthworm activity. Earthworms are generally recognized as ecosystem engineers vital for soil ecosystem function and services, but the potential mechanism of earthworm response to the combination of extreme drought and conservation tillage has not yet been identified. To improve understanding of the effect of the earthworm on soil macroporosity and how earthworms, through soil macroporosity, respond to extreme drought and conservation tillage, a study was conducted to compare soil macroporosity under different tillage treatments with the same number of earthworms in incubation conditions and soil structural properties (soil penetration resistance, infiltration rate, saturated hydraulic conductivity) associated with macroporosity, together with crop yields under different tillage systems and drought stress in field conditions. The results show that earthworms only increase the volume of large macropores (>100 μm) rather than small macropores (30-100 μm) under different tillage systems. Earthworms played a positive role in the development of large macropores, as evidenced by the formation of paths of least resistance under high penetration resistance, higher infiltration rate and saturated hydraulic conductivity and no obvious yield loss under extreme drought and conservation tillage in a Chinese Mollisol.


Since the introduction of alendronate in 1995, aminobisphosphonates have become the most widely used therapy for osteoporosis. They are potent inhibitors of bone resorption, and clinical trials demonstrate increases in bone mass, a reduction in indices of bone resorption and a reduction in fractures. Early on, investigators were surprised that osteoclasts did not disappear during treatment (1). In fact, their numbers were actually increased (1;2). Now, 14 years after the introduction of aminobisphosphonates, another osteoclast surprise is reported by Weinstein et al. (3) who find that not only are osteoclast numbers increased 2.6fold, but also that there seems to be a cumulative, dose-related increase in osteoclast size and numbers of nuclei, with many showing features of apoptosis (the authors did not specify whether all, or a portion, of the nuclei in the giant osteoclasts were apoptotic). What is the significance of this finding? Are these cells innocently lingering in areas close to trabecular surfaces (the authors did not report seeing them in cortices of iliac biopsies)?


Abstract— 1 Intraperitoneal injection of phenobarbitone (250 mg/kg body wt.) into rats caused increased brain concentrations of glucose (100 per cent), glucose 6‐phosphate (16 per cent) and ATP (12 per cent) and decreased concentrations of lactate (33 per cent) and ADP (15 per cent). A 31 per cent decrease in glutamate content was not statistically significant. No significant change occurred in the cerebral contents of glycogen or creatine phosphate. 1 The rates of increase in the brain of specific activities, in the first few minutes after systemic injection of [U‐14C]glucose, of glucose, lactate, glutamate and glycogen were all halved by phenobarbitone. Calculated flux rates of 14C from glucose into metabolic intermediates and from lactate to glutamate were also decreased by 27–47 per cent; the effects on rate constants showed inconsistencies. The rate constants for conversion of glucose to lactate and to glutamate were decreased by 60–70 per cent, but that from lactate to glutamate was virtually unchanged. The rate constant for the flux from glucose to glycogen was reduced by 39 per cent, but the accumulation of glucose meant that the actual flux into glycogen increased by 20 per cent. 1 The results are interpreted in terms of an effect of the barbiturate not only on glucose transport, but also at an enzymic stage in glycolysis, possibly hexokinase or phosphofructokinase.


Nd2Fe14B magnet powder has been fabricated by mixing Fe, B, and Nd powder based on their stoichiometric proportion at 650°C for 2 hours. Heat treatment series were applied at 720°C for one hour and continued with annealing at 100°C for 4 hours on different Nd stoichiometric variations; 26.6 %wt, 32.6 %wt, and 40.6 %wt. The results obtained from the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) phase analysis of Nd-rich Nd-Fe-B alloy suggested that the alloy has monophasic composition with hard magnetic Nd2Fe14B phase as a composition. The mean of the crystal grain size was determined using XRD analysis, while the microstructure and composition of the alloys were analyzed using the Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). The magnetic properties characterization were determined using the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM), which indicates that the sample with 40.6 %wt Nd was able to achieve the highest remanence of 446.50 G and BHmax of 17.83 kGOe. Despite the high remanence result, the coercivity and BHmax value of the third sample was still lower than the commercial's but has adequate potential value.


For construction sites in high-risk industries such as the construction industry, wearing a helmet can minimize head injuries. Aiming at the low detection accuracy of the existing detection algorithms for wearing helmets, and the detection of small objects in complex and dense scenes is prone to false detection and missed detection, an improved helmet detection algorithm based on YOLOv5 is proposed. First, the anchors are re-clustered by the K-means++ algorithm to obtain an anchor box size that is more suitable for the helmet dataset. Secondly, the Coordinate Attention module is integrated into the backbone network of YOLOv5, so that the network can obtain more detailed features, thus, the feature extraction capability of the network is enhanced. Finally, the CIOU loss function of the bounding box regression is replaced with the EIOU loss function to realize the fusion of more bounding box information, thereby improving the accuracy of the algorithm prediction. The experimental results show that the mAP of the improved YOLOv5 reaches 95.0%, which is 3.2 percentage points higher than the original model. The improved YOLOv5 algorithm meets the accuracy requirements of detecting small objects in more complex and dense scenes, and can be more accurate. It can be better applied to practical scenarios.


The implementation of government policy as an example of GST is one of the policies introduced and implemented in Malaysia within a short period of time between 2015 and 2018 only. Policy implementation by the government is taken seriously as it involves the community and they have the right to know and understand the policy before implementation. One of the drastic and dominant initiatives taken by the government is to use media as mediation. The study aims to identify the effectiveness of news framing from the GST government policy on the true expression of the audience. The experimental approach was using 165 participants and some forms of GST news were designed to test the effectiveness of the expression and the responses of the audience. The findings suggest that Malaysian society does not give extreme response to the news frames published by the mass media.


In this paper, the authors investigated the feasibility of near-infrared to measure sugar at cotton fibre. The simple regression equations are generated by respectively correlating thc absorption data(by using 1640nm and 2100nm wavelengths) with sugar( glucose, fructose and sucrose) and the regression modes possess a high coefficient of correlation. The differences for absorption of various sugars at some (?)velengths are diseussed.


The negative impacts of land-use commercialization on built environment were studied in this research. Data was collected from the target population residing on Main Road Samanabad, Lahore. Data was collected through stratified sampling technique and analyzed in SPSS. The variables were correlated to draw conclusions. It was discovered that it is not only the tangible infrastructure that is responsible for the degradation of the built environment but intangible factors such as the existing policy on acquiring No Objection Certificate (NOC) also cause its deterioration. Furthermore, site-specific regulatory procedures need to be implemented. These loopholes were identified and organized in terms of their urgency of action and recommendations were prepared according to the research findings.


In this thesis, we explore the feasibility of implementing a general communication protocol that addresses common classes of problems that one encounters in the development of distributed applications, such as: multipoint-to-multipoint communication, message (re)ordering, mutual exclusion, and consensus. The paper details both the design and implementation of MojaveComm, a view-oriented total-order group communication protocol suitable for deployment on wide-area networks. Moreover, we provide a high-level overview of MojaveFS, a sequentially consistent distributed filesystem, and show how we can use the message-ordering guarantees of MojaveComm as the basis for the implementation of its sequential consistency guarantees.


The author is correct to state that psychiatry is more divided and less founded on objectivity than other branches of medicine. Despite this there are principles of good practice1 which seem not to have been followed in his daughter's case. This family has suffered because some informal medical advisers have failed to grasp that schizophrenia is idiopathic and is almost certainly not a single disease entity. Therefore, treatment must be unsatisfactory and there is no knowledge base and no technical skills which could justify superspecialist clinical opinions. Misguided enthusiasm …


LOGY by Choi et al. In their study, the annual death rate related to liver disease, the crude death rate, and the age-standardized death rate of patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) decreased significantly between 1999 and 2013. However, whereas the agestandardized death rate for liver cancer decreased by 26.9%, the crude death rate and number of annual deaths increased by 10.2% and 17.8%, respectively. The authors attribute this phenomenon to the widespread use of antiviral agents against CHB leading to an increase in life expectancy and consequently an increase in the number of patients at risk for liver cancer. The increased rate of liver cancer was not related to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination program or alcoholic liver disease. Their interesting findings are worth confirmation by other real-world observations. In our recent CTEAM (Cirrhosis Taiwanese Entecavir Multicenter) study, we investigated the long-term effects of entecavir therapy in CHB patients with cirrhosis. Compared with historical untreated controls, the risk of cirrhosis-related complications and mortality declined after antiviral therapy. As expected, the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk fell 60% after 4 years of entecavir therapy. We found that although the age-adjusted lifetime cumulative incidence of HCC development declined significantly (Fig. 1), the Kaplan-Meier failure plot of entecavir group shifted to right, suggesting that HCC occurrence was delayed in treated patients, but the risk was not completely eliminated. Liver necroinflammation and HBV genomic integration into infected hepatocytes are believed to contribute to the formation of liver cancer. Antiviral therapy greatly suppresses viral replication and ameliorates liver necroinflammation and fibrosis; however, antiviral therapy cannot eradicate covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) and purge the integrated HBV genome. Persistence of cccDNA and the integrated HBV genome pose a higher risk of HCC, especially in cirrhotic patients. Therefore, among patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and patients with CHB who achieve a virological response following antiviral therapy, those with CHB have a significantly higher risk of HCC. Although antiviral therapy cures HCV, the risk of HCC remains and does not differ between CHB and CHC patients with preexisting cirrhosis. As such, a delayed occurrence of HCC should be expected and requires close monitoring. The findings by Choi et al. are critical to both developing health care policy and highlighting the need for continued liver cancer surveillance in an era of effective antiviral therapy.


Ll, L..cap alpha.., L..beta.., and L..gamma.. x-ray-production cross sections have been measured in elements Ta, W, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, and U for 60-keV photons. The measured values have been interpreted in terms of photoelectric cross sections, fluorescence yields, Coster-Kronig transition probabilities, and radiative decay rates. A fairly good agreement is found between the experimental and calculated values.


ABSTRACT:Shaykh Yāqūt al-Ḥabashī (d. 732 ah/1332 ce) is a saintly figure from Mamluk times that is still highly revered in present-day Egypt. He is traditionally described as an Ethiopian slave who became a Ṣūfī master of the ṭarīqa Shādhiliyya in Alexandria. However, both his life and teachings are difficult to reconstruct, as he did not leave any written work and source information on him is fragmentary and inconsistent. This paper tries to shed light, if not on the shaykh's biography, at least on the making of his hagiographic image, by means of comparative analysis of different biohagiographic traditions on him in Mamluk and Ottoman sources. This will hopefully help to better understand the formation of historical self-representations in the early Shādhiliyya, as well as to gain some fresh insights into social representations of slavery and phenotypic diversity in medieval Egypt.


This study aimed at investigating whether the implementation of hand puppet in role play gave a significant effect to the students' speaking competency. Hand puppets are dolls that are used as media or tools used in learning activities. Types of puppets that are usually used are hand puppets made of pieces of cloth. Methods: The research design used a pre-experimental design with a one group pre-posttest design. The populations used in this study were children in B group class in Santo Rafael Singaraja. The speaking measurement used an observation sheet in which it guided by a task. The sample size used is 30 respondents who have been selected using a total sampling technique. This study used parametric statistics using Paired Sample T-test with a significant level of α = 0.05. Results: The results showed that the pre-test mean was 56.00, and the post-test mean was 68.33. The results of parametric statistical tests using the Paired Sample T-test showed pre and post results (0.000) <α (0.05), which means that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. Conclusion: This shows that there is an influence of the role-play method by hand puppet media in speaking class of Santo Rafael Kindergarten Students.


Background and Objectives:The most important mechanism of coronary stent restenosis is neointimal hyperplasia (NIH). In addition to neointimal cell proliferation, synthesis of the extracellular matrix (ECM) may be important for the induction of NIH. The effects of the abciximab (ReoPro)-coated stent on the ECM synthesis and cellular apoptosis in coronary stent restenosis were observed. Materials and Methods:Twenty one abciximab-coated stents and 21 control stents were placed in porcine coronary arteries and histopathologic analyses were performed at 14 days, 28 days and 56 days after the stenting procedures, respectively. Each specimen was analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, modified Movat, immunohistochemical staining and TUNEL analysis. Results:The area of neointima in the abciximab-coated stents was reduced by 45.7% and 45.5% of the control stents at 28 days and 56 days after stenting, respectively (1.9±0.5 vs. 3.5±0.7 mm, 2.4±0.5 vs. 4.4 ±0.6 mm, p=0.012, 0.001, respectively). The content ratio of the proteoglycan of the abciximab-coated stents was reduced by 23% at 14 days (12.4±4.4 vs. 16.1±4.3%, respectively, p=0.041) and the content ratio of collagen in the abciximab-coated stents was reduced by 19.7% and 25% at 28 days and 56 days, respectively (27.7±5.0 vs. 34.5±8.7%, 36.6±10.5 vs. 48.8±12.7%, p=0.021, 0.001, respectively). The proliferating cell nuclear antigen index of neointima for the abciximab-coated stents was reduced by 22.2% at 14 days (10.5±5.4 vs. 13.5±8.4%, respectively, p=0.022). There was no significant difference in the apoptosis, as was determined by TUNEL analysis between the two groups on the 56-day follow-up after stenting. Conclusion:The Abciximabcoated stent inhibits ECM synthesis, but it does not inhibit apoptosis in a porcine stent restenosis model. (Korean Circulation J 2005;35:290-301)


The book reviews outcome studies suggesting EMDR's effectiveness for diagnoses beyond PTSD, along with studies on its use for treatment of depression, with cancer patients, and with groups. It surveys new strategies on advanced EMDR therapy topics such as when treating dissociative and personality disorders, along with references for more in-depth information. The second edition also provides an expanded glossary and extensively updated references and reflects changes corresponding to the DSM-5.


This paper describes measurements and evaluations of radon, radon daughter products, and radioactive dust in Japanese uranium mines. The measurement of RaA free ion in mine air and the conception of the age of radon emanated from the ore bodies or mine water are also presented.


Abstract The chemical compositions of the essential oils of Ocimum canum Sims (Lamiaceae) areal part cultivated in Togo were investigated by GC-MS and tested for possible insecticidal activity against the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) under laboratory. Eighteen constituents (98.5 % of the total oil) were identified in the volatile oil of O. canum leaf. The main constituents found in the oil were terpineol-4 (34.7 %), linalool (22.7 %), λ-terpinene (7.3 %), trans-thujan-4-ol (5.9 %), trans-α-bergamotene (4.9 %) and caryophyllene (4.6 %). Other components were also identified by at minor concentrations ranging from 0.12 % (Thymol) to 2.7 % (Limonene). In the insecticidal activity test, crude essential oil of O. canum emulsions of exhibited adulticidal activity against coffee berry borer and response was being dose-related. The LD50 were 320 ppm for O. canum essential oil and 450 ppm for endosulfan and the conventional insecticide used as standard, respectively. The results indicate that the O. canum essential oil has a potential insecticidal activity and can be used as active ingredient in natural and sustainable pesticide within an Integrated Pest Management approach to combat the coffee berry borer.


We describe a mechanical vibration-based energy harvester deploying a flexible body beam to lower the spring constant of the device so that high-mode resonant frequencies are shifted down into a useable frequency range under natural environmental conditions. Whereas conventional cantilevers feature a single resonant frequency within this range, the proposed device generates multiple high-mode resonant frequencies in close proximity to form a wider operational bandwidth that is over 400% wider than that of conventional cantilever-type energy harvesters.


What is the difference between a research paper and a business case study? Are all good business cases decision-focused? This note provides a brief description of field-based, research-based, and armchair cases. It also reviews the notion of a descriptive or evaluative case. Although the material was written to generate a discussion of what a business case study is for case writing workshops, it is useful for those who are new to case writing—students and faculty.

Excerpt

UVA-PHA-0064

Apr. 12, 2012

WHAT KIND OF BUSINESS CASE STUDIES ARE WE WRITING?

From time to time, debate bubbles up in the literature and at conferences over what exactly constitutes a business case study. Questions are raised, such as: Are cases theory-building tools? Verbal representations of practitioners' experiences? Perhaps a bit of both? What's the difference between a research paper and a business school case study?

Understanding what exactly a case study is in the business field can be complicated. To avoid any misunderstanding in terminology, using a full description, such as business case study, distinguishes the material from a qualitative empirical approach to research that investigates a single example or limited number of cases (for example, n = 1), often called a case study.

The original business case studies presented an executive's experience with a practical business issue or problem. All data was gathered through field-based interviews and, with any luck, company provided documents. Yet as business school programs expanded, so did the range of business case studies. Practicing managers and their firms were sometimes reluctant to share proprietary information, so case writers had to use existing sources of data, and the research-based business case study was born. When executives didn't want to air their missteps publicly, field-based data would be disguised, a practice that evolved into the armchair business case study, which is completely fabricated.

. . .


In present research,the sequences of MyoD gene and 5′-flanking region are amplified from DNA isolated from the largemouth bass by using PCR and GeneWalking technique.A total of 3797 bp sequence of MyoD gene and 5′-flanking region was obtained.The MyoD encoding gene consisted of three extrons(591 bp,81 bp and 78 bp respectively)and two introns(1077 bp and 486 bp).Sequence analysis of 5′-flanking region of MyoD gene revealed that it contained putative muscle growth response elements such as E-boxes,myocyte enhancer factor 2(MEF2),muscle-specific Mt binding site(MTBF).TATA boxes,Octamer-binding factor 1(OCT1),activator protein 4(AP4) and OCAAT box were also detected.7 SNP sites in introns were identified from MyoD gene by using PCR-SSCP technique and sequencing,however no polymorphism existed in extron and 5′-flanking region.The percentage of SNPs is between 0.042-0.353 in largemouth bass.These SNPs might be useful for a further study on MyoD gene's relation to production performance in largemouth bass.


Abstract Maturation interferes with physiological and mechanical aspects of muscle contraction. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficiency of the stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) between different maturation stages. One hundred forty six young people, with 72 boys and 74 girls, were recruited to participate in the study. Sexual maturation was measured and the group was stratified into adolescents (> 3 auto-tanner) and children (<2 auto-tanner). Squat jump (SJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) performance were measured to measure reactive force (RF) capacity, eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) and pre-stretch augmentation (PSAP). The children did not present statistical difference between SJ and CMJ (t(55)= -1.93; ∆ = -0.61; 95% CI = -1.24 to -0.02; p = 0.058), while the adolescents presented higher performance of CMJ (t(89)= -12.28; ∆ = -2.44; 95% CI = -2.84 to -2.05; p <0.001). In addition, adolescents had higher RF performance (t(144)= 5.18; p <0.0001; 95% CI = 2.53 to 1.13), PSAP (t(144)= 4.38; p <0.0001; 95% CI = 14.00 to 5.29) and EUR (t(144)= 4.38; p <0.0001; 95% CI = 0.14 to 0.05). We conclude that more mature young people have better SSC utilization.


The study investigated the effect of using a flipped classroom approach on students' understanding of the work-energy and impulse-momentum theorems. An intact class of Grade 12 STEM students took part in the study. The instructional materials needed for the lessons were compiled in a website that can be accessed by the students via desktop or a mobile device. The lesson calendar, study guide, modules, worksheets, and problem sets were organized in tabs and instructions were clearly stated for ease of use. Using Greeno's model of scientific problem-solving and reasoning, the students' solutions were analysed using maps of the problem-solving approaches they utilized. The students had difficulty comprehending problems and identifying which concepts are related to them. In terms of Greeno's model, this implies that the students were not able to successfully translate concepts between domains. There were no traces of use of other domains apart from the abstract and symbolic domains, when an improved understanding must include translations between all four domains – namely, the concrete domain, which involves physical objects or events; the model domain, which refers to representations of objects or events; the abstract domain, which involves concepts or principles; and the symbolic domain, which is the mathematical representation of concepts.


This thesis deals with observability of switched systems with unknown switching signals. Switched systems are used to model systems whose dynamics are subject so sudden changes. They can be used, for example, to model component outages in networked systems. Observability of switched systems describes the ability to reconstruct the state and the switching signal from input and output data. If the switched system models component outages, observability of the switching signal is related to fault detection and identification. In order to model electrical circuits and power networks, the individual modes of the switched system are given by differential-algebraic equations (DAEs). This results in a switched DAE Eσẋ = Aσx+Bσu, y = Cσx+Dσu with switching signal σ. A switch might lead to jumps or even Dirac impulses in the solution of a switched DAE. In order to make use of these phenomena in the observability characterization, the concept of switch observability is introduced. It describes the ability to reconstruct state and switching signal from input and output data in case of a nonconstant switching signal. Switch observability is stronger than switching time observability, but weaker than switching signal observability. All three notions are analyzed and characterized both for homogeneous and inhomogeneous switched DAEs. In the inhomogeneous case, a focus lies on strong observability, i.e. observability for all inputs. Based on the concept of switch observability, a new observer is introduced: The switch observer combines information obtained before, at, and after a switching instant to simultaneously estimate state and switching signal of the system. The benefit of switch observability and the corresponding observer is highlighted by power network examples.


China, like a huge dragon, gobbles all in its path. Like a huge vat, dyes all the same color. Sun Jingxuan, A Spector Prowls Our Land (1980)


Age-related cerebrovascular defects contribute to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) as well as other forms of dementia. There has been great interest in developing biomarkers and other tools for studying cerebrovascular disease using more easily accessible tissues outside the brain such as the retina. Decreased circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels in aging are thought to contribute to the development of cerebrovascular impairment, a hypothesis that has been supported by the use of IGF-1 deficient animal models. Here we evaluate vascular and other retinal phenotypes in animals with circulating IGF-1 deficiency and ask whether the retina mimics common age-related vascular changes in the brain such as the development of microhemorrhages. Using a hypertension-induced model, we confirm that IGF-1 deficient mice exhibited worsened microhemorrhages than controls. The retinas of IGF-1 deficient animals do not exhibit microhemorrhages but do exhibit signs of vascular damage and retinal stress such as patterns of vascular constriction and Müller cell activation. These signs of retinal stress are not accompanied by retinal degeneration or impaired neuronal function. These data suggest that the role of IGF-1 in the retina is complex, and while IGF-1 deficiency leads to vascular defects in both the brain and the retina, not all brain pathologies are evident in the retina.


The purposes of this study were to find out how the characteristics of Chinoiserie in the perspective of the West have influenced on the contemporary womens' fashion. 440 pieces of photo data for this study were collected, focusing on Paris collections as a fashion capital of Europe, for the period of 10 years from 2005 through 2014. The results of this study are as follows. The impacts of Chinoiserie have increased consistently since 2009. The reasons for the increased impacts are assumed that the influence of Chinoiserie on the contemporary fashion rekindled it, as the worldwide attentions to China have been growing since Beijing Olimpic, Aug. 2008. Reviewing by seasons, the trend of Chinoiserie has been more distinct in F/W season comparing with S/S season except year 2007 and 2011. Considering the results of analysis for each designer, Leonard and Shiatzy Chen, the designers of Chinese-origin, appeared to apply the characteristics of Chinoiserie on the contemporary fashion most successfully, while European designers, such as Dries Van Noten, Valentino, and Jean Paul Gaultier, also appeared to accommodate actively the design styles of Chinoiserie in their fashions. Moreover the Asian designers, such as Aesuro Tayama, Andrew GN, and Kenzo, had been using Chinoiserie as a means of providing oriental ambience. The results of this study would be helpful to design and plan the fashion items which are scheduled to enter Chinese markets by Korean designer brands and fashion enterprises. In addition, it is considered that these results would help Chinese designers understand the design characteristics of Chinoiserie which have evoked empathy of people all around the world, when they make Western stage debut in the future.


An efficient encryption algorithm based on the Data Encryption Standard (DES) for personal cloud computing environments is presented. The proposed algorithm improves data privacy, security and also encryption speed, compared with the triple DES. The improvement of the proposed algorithm stems from enhanced privacy inherent from the use of spread random interleaver in the place of the known substitution table for initial and final permutations in the DES algorithm. The simulation results demonstrate that the interleaver based DES (I-DES) is found to run faster than the triple DES algorithm and also offer improved security. The proposed algorithm also offers encryption for variable-length data using the Cipher Block Chaining (CBC).


The article is devoted to the issues of assisting children with speech disorders in current conditions, considering the emerging social and epidemiological risks. The authors consider the problem of organising and improving the effectiveness of comprehensive support for children of this category. The article's content presents the results of studying the activities of teachers, specialists and parents on the organisation of comprehensive support for children with speech disorders. The data obtained indicate the presence of significant factors preventing the provision of systemic and comprehensive assistance necessary for children with speech disorders. These factors, in particular, include the lack of a sufficient number of specialists, the inconsistency of their training with modern requirements, the difficulties of interdisciplinary and interdepartmental interaction, territorial inaccessibility of correctional and educational services. To overcome these shortcomings, a remote model of comprehensive support for children with speech disorders was developed, its main structural components were disclosed. The article presents the possibilities of implementing a comprehensive support model for children with speech disorders in traditional and remote formats.


Objective To survey the correlation between obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS) and cardiovascular diseases(CVD).Methods There were totally 1868 cases(including 598 cases of OSAS) selected in the survey in Nov.1989,who had medical examination every year and the occurrence of CVD was taken as the terminal of follow-up.If CVD was not occurred,the follow-up was finished in 2009.Results During the follow-up period,the cases of CVD accounted for 83.9%(502/598) in OSAS group,and 28.6%(363/1270) in control group(non-OSAS group,P0.01).The total mortality was 43.7%(817/1868) during follow-up period,and mortality was 66.2%(396/598) in OSASgroup,and 33.1%(421/1270) in control group(P0.01).Conclusion Compared with health people,the patients with OSAS have higher proportion of CVD and mortality.


The recovery from the 1958 recession is well illustrated in the drilling for and production of crude oil in West Texas and Southeastern New Mexico. In 1959, 7,721 wells of all classes were drilled in this area, being a 23% increase over 1958. The 1,200 exploratory wells made a 9% increase, and the 6,570 development wells made a 27% increase over the previous year. The success ratio decreased slightly as shown by the 23% successful exploratory tests, down 4%, and the 88% success for development wells, down 2%. With comparable allowables and producing days, production for the year was 520,213,777 bbls. of oil, a 19% increase. The most important discoveries were the Forest Oil Corporation and Pan American Petroleum Corporation's Harris No. 1 in Dawson County, Hill & Meek r's Trower No. 1 in Loving County, and the Argo Oil Company's Neal No. 1 in Pecos County. The most spectacular discovery was the Turner's Shannon No. 4-BB in Crockett County. Exploratory methods followed the same general pattern as in previous years with increased emphasis on subsurface geological methods. Geophysical activity was down 6% from the 1958 level. The Delaware basin, Sheffield channel, and Val Verde basin areas continued to be the most active from the standpoint of seismic work. Leasing activity continued high in the area with bonus prices increasing and length of primary term decreasing. There was one University Land Sale held with competition less intense than in previous years with the average bonus price decreasing. There appears to be a trend toward more joint ventures and drilling units in both the areas of tightly held acreage and in the more unexplored areas in which the drilling costs are extremely high.


to sign their own names as evidence of the most rudimentary form of literacy. From the marriage registers, Vincent is able to infer that common English people of the period did not see the ability to write as conferring much status. For example, marriage partners who could sign their own names and marriage partners unable to sign with equal frequency used as marriage witnesses people who could not sign their


Drawing on the inducement–contribution employment model, this article examines the mediation of affective commitment on the relationship between hierarchical plateau and turnover intention and how job content plateau moderates the relationship. The hypotheses are tested in a sample consisting of 288 Chinese employees from a variety of industries. The results of the hierarchical multiple regression analyses show that hierarchical plateau is positively related to turnover intention, and affective commitment fully mediates the relationship. The moderated mediation analysis reveals that the mediation of affective commitment on hierarchical plateau–turnover intention relation is conditional upon job content plateau. Specifically, job content plateau weakens rather than strengthens the effect of hierarchical plateau on affective commitment and the resultant turnover intention. Based on the findings, theoretical and practical implications of this study and directions for future research are discussed.


The brains of living organisms have excellent information-processing functions. Although various neuron models and artificial neural networks have been investigated, the information processing functions of biological neural networks have not yet been clarified. Recently, various research efforts have confirmed that dendrites perform an important role in brain information processing. Reportedly, STDP (Spike Timing Dependent synaptic Plasticity) is generated between inputs of pre-synaptic neurons and backpropagation of the active potential from dendrites of post-synaptic neuron, as revealed by physiological experiments. Using electronic circuits, we are constructing a hardware model with the characteristics of biological neurons.In this paper, we propose an active hardware dendrite model inducing STDP based on backpropagation phenomena of biological dendrites. Results clarified the following two points.1. The synaptic transmission efficiency of constructed model is changed by timing of the action potential of the input of pre-synaptic neuron and the action potential of backpropagation of the dendrite of the post-synaptic neuron.2. When Δt is small, the amplitude change becomes large. When Δt is large, the amplitude change becomes small


The general backbone curves for Lead Rubber Bearings (LRB) uses the tension stiffness as equal to the compression stiffness (up to 2G force). This leads to impractical unit loads for the manufacturers bidding for the supply to satisfy very high "ghost" tension forces (generally in MN), together with misleading design loads for the design of the structures and its connections to the isolation plane. Current backbone curves were determined using small units (eg. 180-400mm Dia), stiff rubber (eg G100) and often comparatively large lead cores (eg 60mm). These sizes are much smaller that units that we place under buildings: (600-1400mm dia), with softer rubber (G40-G60), and significantly smaller plug/bearing size ratio. By including a tension test as part of our production protocol, we have collected a broad data set, allowing us to better determining tension stiffness of LRB units. The tension testing has been undertaken on full-scale LRB of various sizes, heights and lead core diameters. An obvious trend in these data highlights that the units are significantly softer in tension that the current backbone curves utilized in modelling by consultants. Presented results show that LRB tension stiffness is non-linear in nature, however can be closely approximated to a bi-linear behavior with a defined lead yielding (Qdt), and a post yield rubber stiffness (Kvt). The initial stiffness, attributed to the lead core (Qdt), can be approximated from the core diameter, and the post yield tension stiffness of the rubber (Kvt) can be related back to the compression stiffness (Kvc) of the unit. There is also a noted scale effect that occurs with smaller diameter stiffer units converging on Kvc approx. equal to Kvt, which highlights issues with small scale testing and extrapolation to real size units. Results in the data collected show the effective axial tension stiffness (Kvt,eff) of LRBs varies according to the size of the unit and has a ratio of Kvt,eff/Kvc from 1/10 (small diameter) to 1/80 (large diameter) . The axial tension testing also revealed the LRBs can sustain significant elongation while remaining below the currently accepted cavitation limits (between 2G 3G). Testing for the unit results elongation will be in the order of 20-30mm before the lower bound cavitation forces are reached (10-12% tension strains in unit rubber height), however the tensile stiffness from the test results is much softer than the recommended backbone curves of Kvc up to 2G loads. From the data presented in this paper from approximately 190 full scale tests, there is minimal degradation in the post yield rubber stiffness upon repeat cycles, when working below 3G forces. The maximum MCE uplift displacements from the computer model should be set as the lower bound limits for the elongation of the units tested. This paper provides a simplified method of modelling tension stiffness in LRB units to more accurately predict analysis tension forces in units. Actual tension stiffness should be verified by prototype, and production testing


SYNOPTIC ABSTRACT In this study, a fuzzy multiple deferred state (FMDS) attribute sampling plan is proposed when the proportion parameter (p) is uncertain. In this plan, the decision upon the acceptance of the submitted lot is based on both current lot information and future successive lots information. Then, the authors prefer to discuss the proposed plan more in a specific case designated as FMDS(0,1). Tables have been prepared to construct and determine parameters of the FMDS(0,1) plan by use of the two-point approach for determining the plan selection. In order to be fully informed, some applicable examples are given. Also, the proposed plan is compared with the existing fuzzy single, fuzzy double, and fuzzy sequential sampling plans. The obtained results show that the main advantage of the FMDS(0,1) plan is to have a minimum average sample number under the same conditions. Moreover, the authors show that the proposed plan is well-defined since it turns into a traditional case when p is crisp.


A monolithic bipolar operational amplifier (opamp) fabricated in 4H-SiC technology is presented. The opamp has been used in an inverting negative feedback amplifier configuration. Wide temperature operation of the amplifier is demonstrated from 25°C to 500°C. The measured closed loop gain is around 40 dB for all temperatures whereas the 3 dB bandwidth increases from 270 kHz at 25°C to 410 kHz at 500°C. The opamp achieves 1.46 V/μs slew rate and 0.25% total harmonic distortion. This is the first report on high temperature operation of a fully integrated SiC bipolar opamp which demonstrates the feasibility of this technology for high temperature analog integrated circuits.


In-situ sampling techniques are crucial to keep hydrate samples intact for characterizing the occurrence conditions and reserves of the gas hydrates in permafrost land.Having taken into account the thermophysical characteristic and the temperature-pressure dependence of gas hydrates,we have developed a borehole bottom freezing technique for gas hydrate sampling.This technique can significantly reduce the required sampling pressure and prevent decomposition of the hydrate samples by means of an external cold source which freezes the hydrate cores at the bottom of borehole.The gross structure of freezing sampler is consist of single action,control mechanism and freezing mechanism.The two elementary principles are freezing core by hole bottom and achieving the sample on the surface are analyzed,which analyses the required energy that freezing core for the sampler.The borehole bottom freezing sampling was tested by a trial of core drilling.Success in retaining freezing samples demonstrates that this technique can be applied to obtain freezing samples from the borehole bottom,creating a novel approach for development of in-situ hydrate corers.


Provided is a cell culturing apparatus capable of continuously and accurately measuring the turbidity of a cell culture solution and culturing the cells without inserting a turbidity sensor into a sterilized bag from outside. The cell culturing apparatus (1) is characterized in being provided with: a sterilized bag (2), which is set in a specified position inside the apparatus, is light permeable and flexible, and is for culturing a cell culture solution (4) therein; and a turbidity sensor unit (3), which has a light-irradiating section (31) for irradiating light on the cell culture solution (4) inside the sterilized bag (2) via a portion (2a) of the sterilized bag (2) and a light-receiving unit (32) for receiving light that has passed through the cell culture solution (4) inside said sterilized bag (2) via another portion (2b) of the sterilized bag (2), and in which the light-irradiating section (31), the one portion (2a) of the sterilized bag (2), the other portion (2b) of the sterilized bag (2), and the light-receiving section (32) are disposed in a straight optical line.


The position of an atom passing through a standard light wave is localized by making a quadrature phase measurement on the light field. This localization can be thought of as the creation of a virtual slit (or slits) for the atom by the field measurement. Diffraction and interference behavior may be observed in the far field.


Aims – Paramedics play a crucial role in identifying patients with suspected stroke and transporting them to appropriate acute care. Between 25% and 50% of suspected stroke patients are later diagnosed with a condition other than stroke known as a 'stroke mimic'. If stroke mimics could be identified in the pre-hospital setting, unnecessary admissions to stroke units could potentially be avoided. This survey describes UK paramedics' stroke training and practice, their knowledge about stroke mimic conditions and their thoughts about pre-hospital identification of these patients. Methods – An online survey invitation was circulated to members within the UK College of Paramedics and promoted through social media (8 September 2016 and 23 October 2016). Topics included: stroke training; assessment of patients with suspected stroke; local practice; and knowledge about and identification of stroke mimics. Results – There were 271 responses. Blank responses (39) and non-paramedic (1) responses were removed, leaving 231 responses from paramedics which equates to 2% of College of Paramedics membership and 1% of Health and Care Professions Council registered paramedics. The majority of respondents (78%) thought that they would benefit from more training on pre-hospital stroke care. Narrative comments focused on a desire to improve the assessment of suspected stroke patients and increase respondents' knowledge about atypical stroke presentations and current stroke research. The Face Arm Speech Test was used by 97% of respondents to assess suspected stroke patients, although other tools such as Recognition of Stroke in the * Corresponding author: Graham McClelland, Stroke Research Group, Newcastle University, 3–4 Claremont Terrace, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4AE, UK. 2_OR_McClelland.indd 4 17/05/2017 14:26 McClelland, G, Flynn, D, Rodgers, H and Price, C, British Paramedic Journal 2017, vol. 2(1) 4–15 McClelland et al. 5 identification instruments tend to over-diagnose stroke (Rudd, Buck, Ford, & Price, 2016). Consequently, their specificity is relatively low. Stroke mimic conditions, such as seizures, infections and migraine, account for 25%–50% of emergency admissions to HASUs (Gibson & Whiteley, 2013; Whiteley, Wardlaw, Dennis, & Sandercock, 2011). While many patients with stroke mimic conditions still require urgent medical care, their status as false positive cases of stroke can lead to unnecessary transportation to distant stroke centres and inefficient use of ambulance and stroke service resources, as well as incurring substantial inconvenience for patients and families. Stroke care is changing, with fewer hospitals providing acute stroke services (Morris et al., 2014), which means that it is more important than ever that paramedics direct stroke patients to the appropriate hospital. In light of this there is a pressing need to understand paramedics' knowledge and views about stroke, and stroke mimic conditions, to inform future research and practice. A previous US survey reported on basic pre-hospital stroke knowledge and treatment in the US (Crocco, Kothari, Sayre, & Liu, 1999), but this is not directly relevant to current UK practice due to healthcare system and temporal differences. The current survey describes UK paramedics' views about their stroke training and practice, their knowledge about stroke mimic conditions and their thoughts about pre-hospital identification of these patients.


Purpose

The main purpose of the study was to analyze the relationship between cutting forces and tool wear during turning of steel 30CrNiMo8.

Design/methodology/approach

It is very important to find the optimal machining conditions to increase the tool life and to improve product quality. Width of tool wear was measured by universal microscope.

Findings

During experimental procedure, one chip shape was obtained for the given machining parameters. Results showed negligible tool wear for the given experimental conditions. In other words, the tool wear is negligible for one chip shape.

Originality/value

To increase tool wear, there are different chip shapes.


The infl uence on interfacial energy of multiwall unfunctionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) trapped at the interface of an immiscible blend of polyamide 12 (PA12) and acrylate-ethylene (EA) copolymer is investigated with the help of the Palierne model combined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. It is found that the interfacial energy is unaffected by the interfacially trapped CNTs. The reduced droplet size observed in the presence of CNTs can neither be ascribed to a classical compatibilizer effect due to lower interfacial energy leading to enhanced breakup during processing, nor to the minute changes of the continuous phase viscosity induced by the CNTs. Another explanation based on steric hindrance is proposed. A network CNT layer that acts as a rigid shell is formed, which prevents coalescence of colliding droplets.


The application of dynamic reactive power compensation technology in wind farm grid is discussed,and the basic working principle,composition and control system of the SVG are analyzed.The Matlab simulation experiment was carried out and the field test was carried on.Test results show that the device can effectively improve the quality of wind farm grid,improve power factor and suppress voltage fluctuation.


Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) with homocystinuria cblD & cblF type, a very rare disorder of vitamin B12 metabolism, can result in severe neurological complications in a child. The incidence of combined MMA with homocystinuria cblD & cblF type is estimated as less than 1: 100,000. Mutation analysis by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and validation of the NGS variant by Sanger sequencing, is not only the gold standard in diagnosis of MMA but also, can help in the choice of treatment strategy as B12 responsive or unresponsive. We report a male child initially presented at 10 months of age with poor feeding, delayed growth and no head control (milestone, normally present at 3-4 months). The child on evaluation was diagnosed as a case of MMA with homocystinuria type cblD & cblF, based on investigations such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and mutation analysis done by next-generation sequencing (NGS) validation with Sanger sequencing. He was treated with vitamin B12 supplements and other supportive conservative therapy. Subsequently, he developed global developmental delay and severe neurological complications, within two years. The child was admitted to the pediatric ICU and he underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and placed on mechanical ventilation via tracheostomy in situ. Unfortunately, the child did not respond to treatment and succumbed to death, despite all resuscitative measures. The aim of this case report is to create awareness about a clinical presentation associated with a very rare metabolic disorder, MMA with homocystinuria cblD & cblF types and the need for early diagnosis, also, to establish an outline for the treatment in these patients.


The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL) were created to deliver accountability for the atrocities committed during Rwanda's genocide of 1994 and Sierra Leone's civil war of the 1990s. The capacity of these courts, however, like other international criminal tribunals, is limited in terms of the number of persons they can prosecute. If most perpetrators evade justice, the ability of international tribunals to deliver accountability may be seriously undermined. To mitigate this risk, national justice systems should deal with the perpetrators who are not addressed by international tribunals. When national systems do not do so (or fail to do so effectively), international tribunals are well placed to encourage (or improve) national atrocity-related judicial proceedings, thereby increasing their chances of delivering accountability. This article assesses empirically the impact of the ICTR and SCSL on national atrocity-related judicial proceedings in their target countries, thus contributing to an overall assessment of these tribunals. The article also compares the national impact of the 'pure international' ICTR to that of the 'hybrid' SCSL and tries to identify features that affect the national impact of an international tribunal. Understanding the interactions between international and national justice systems, and the features that affect the national impact of international tribunals, is particularly important given the shift to 'positive complementarity' at the International Criminal Court.


An InP/In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As resonant tunnelling bipolar transistor with double heterojunction grown by molecular beam epitaxy and fabricated by selective wet chemical etching is presented. An In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/AlAs resonant tunnelling diode which achieves a current density of 15 kA/cm/sup 2 /at a peak voltage of 1.6 V for a peak-to-valley ratio of 39:1 is integrated at the emitter of a double heterojunction InGaAs/InP bipolar transistor. Results are presented for 3 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 3 /spl mu/m emitter size integrated device. A negative differential shape due to the resonant tunnelling effect at the emitter controlled by a 3.4 /spl mu/A base current is observed in the common-emitter current-voltage characteristics at room temperature with a current density of 9.2 kA/cm/sup 2 /and a peak-to-valley ratio of 12:1. The maximum current gain of the device is 220. However beyond the resonant tunnelling peak, the resonant tunnelling transistor presents a bistability where the collector current collapses dramatically, the transistor characteristics are recovered by increasing the collector-emitter voltage.


Seeds of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medic.) were treated for various durations at temperatures from 40 to 60 °C. Rate of water uptake increased with temperature of imbibition. Germination of imbibed (soft) seeds was not affected by 40 °C imbibition for 30 h. At temperatures ≥ 43 °C, an inverse relationship was seen between temperature and time of imbibition required to reduce germination by a given level. Seeds exposed to temperatures up to 55 °C in dry or humid air or imbibed in osmotica of polyethylene glycol 6000 showed inhibitory effects on germination increased as time of exposure and seed water content increased. Seeds with low water content required longer exposures or higher temperatures to reduce germination. Heat treatments of <2 h caused greater germination reduction when applied after 24 h of imbibition than at the beginning. A heat stress of 1 h at 52 °C at the beginning and repeated after 24 h imbibition produced greater germination inhibition of soft seeds than a single 2 h 52 °C trea...


Abstract In this paper, we will describe the theoretical underpinning of many bilingual education programs for deaf children: Cummins' Linguistic Interdependence theory. Then, we will review some of the studies that have been conducted on the relation between reading and signing skills, and discuss how difficult it is to interpret their findings within Cummins' framework. We will present new data on the relation between deaf children's vocabulary knowledge and morpho-syntactic skills in Sign Language of the Netherlands and spoken Dutch that imply that Cummins' theory may be too narrow as an educational model of bilingual programs for deaf children.