This paper proposes a mathematical formulation and a solution method to the enhancedcombined trip distribution and traffic assignment. The trip distribution is a doubly-constrainedgravity model. The traffic assignment is the paired-combinatorial-logit stochastic user equilibriumaccounting for effects of congestion, stochastic perception error and path similarity. This is anenhancement to existing multinomial-logit (MNL)-based model. The proposed solution methodis a disaggregate simplicial decomposition algorithm. I find that the relationship of O-D flowdifference and dispersion factor is unclear, whereas link flow patterns from the two modelsare more identical at higher dispersion factors. The enhanced model assigns less flow to apath with higher average similarity index and higher path cost than MNL model. The enhancedmodel generally assigns less flow to links with more paths passing through than MNL model. Therelationship between O-D flow allocation and the average similarity indices for O-D pairs is notobvious.


CFD is being increasingly applied to the prediction of the wind environment around high-rise buildings. However, the prediction accuracy and many factors that might affect simulation results are not yet thoroughly understood. In order to clarify ambiguities and to provide a guideline for CFD prediction of the wind environment, a working group was organized by the Architectural Institute of Japan. This group has carried out various comparative studies as follows. ・First stage: Flowfields around two types of single high-rise buildings. ・Second stage: Flowfield around a high-rise building located in a city. ・Last stage: Flowfields around two types of Building Complexes in actual urban areas. This paper describes the cross comparison results of the second stage. A high-rise building(25 ×25×100m) is surrounded by low-rise city blocks(40×40×10m). Wind tunnel experiments in a boundary layer using split-film probe were carried out by the present authors to obtain data for assessing the accuracy of CFD results. In the CFD simulations, the influence on prediction accuracy of calculation conditions such as boundary condition for ground surface, size of side and upper calculation region, grid system, range of surrounding city blocks, and turbulence models were investigated, and are discussed in detail.


Compensatory growth has been examined in many ¢sh species including salmonids, cyprinids, gadids, ictalurids, cichlids, gasterosteids and latids, andmost show partial or complete growth compensation following a period of food restriction or unseasonably low temperature (Ali, Nicieza & Wootton 2003). Other factors such as water quality (Quinton & Blake 1990), social behaviour (Hayward, Wang & Noltie 2000) and feed quality (Gaylord & Gatlin 2001), may playa role in modifying compensatory growth of ¢sh. Gibel carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Bloch), is a warm-water omnivorous species of importance in freshwater pond aquaculture in China.When reared individually, gibel carp are able to show complete growth compensation following 1^2 weeks of food deprivation (Qian, Cui, Xiong & Yang 2000; Xie, Zhu, Cui,Wootton, Lei & Yang 2001). Compensatory growth was observed in hybrid sun¢sh, Lepomis cyanellus , L. macrochirus < held individually (Hayward, Noltie & Wang 1997), but group holding hindered growth compensation (Hayward et al. 2000). Although gibel carp show compensatory growth when held individually, it is not known if the capacity for compensatory growth is displayed under group holding conditions. A10-week experiment was carried out to examine if group-held gibel carp displaycompensatorygrowth. Five feeding regimes were established: one group of ¢sh was fed to satiation throughout the experiment as a control, while the remaining four groups were deprived of feed for 1, 2, 3 or 4 weeks during the ¢rst 4 weeks, then fed to satiation fromweek 5 to10. Gibel carp, obtained from a freshwater ¢sh hatchery at Sunqiao, were held in indoor cement tanks containing 20m aerated tapwater for 5 weeks, during which the ¢sh were fed formulated feed (90.1% dry matter, 41.2% crude protein, 5.0% crude lipid and 12.3% ash) twice daily. Two weeks prior to starting the experiment, 800 ¢sh of similar size were divided into groups of 40 and distributed in 20 plastic tanks containing 150 L aerated tap water. The ¢sh were fed to excess twice daily at 08:00 and16:00 hours. At the start of the experiment, the ¢shwere pooled following 24 h feed deprivation, and 20 groups of 30 ¢sh each were randomly stocked into 20 tanks with four replicates per treatment. Initial ¢sh weight was 2.2 0.1g (mean SD). Sixty ¢sh were sampled for analysis of initial whole body composition. The ¢sh were stored at 20 1C until analysed. During the experiment, ¢sh were hand fed twice daily, and uneaten feed was removed by siphoning 2 h after feeding, dried at 105 1C and weighed to determine feed intake. Faeces were removed by siphon and water was exchanged once a day (at 20:00 hours). Fish were weighed in groups at intervals of 2 weeks. Photoperiod was controlled at 12 h light and 12 h dark. The tanks were continuously aerated to maintain dissolved oxygen above 5mg L . Water temperature was measured twice daily, and £uctuated from 25.5 to 28.0 1C during the weeks 1^4 and from 23.3 to 26.7 1C during weeks 5^8. After 4 weeks, ¢ve ¢sh were sampled from each tank for analysis of whole body composition, and at Aquaculture Research, 2006, 37, 313^318 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2109.2005.01418.x


Background: Pancytopenia is a triad of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. The initial symptom would be generalized weakness. Etiology ranges from benign to malignant conditions. Accurate workup is essential for the appropriate management. Aim: To studythe clinical presentation, bone marrow picture andthe causes of pancytopenia. Materials and methods: This study is carried out in Government General Hospital, Kakinada which is a tertiary care center. All the patients with pancytopenia admitted in the Department of General Medicine were considered in the present study. 50 cases presented with pancytopenia were analyzed. The clinical findings, blood investigations and bone marrow examination findings were recorded.The various causes of pancytopenia were tabulated and analyzed. Results: The commonest symptom present in all cases was generalized weakness (100%) followed by fever (42%). Pallor was the most common clinical feature seen in all 50 cases (100%). Splenomegaly was seen in 36% of cases, hepatomegaly in 24%, jaundice in 8%,bony tenderness in 4% and lymphadenopathy in 6%. The commonest cause of pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency seen in 40% of cases, followed by aplastic anemia seen in 28% of cases. Conclusion: Pancytopenia is a common hematological entity encountered in routine clinical practice and accurate subclassification is needed. When detected early, good therapeutic response can be achieved.


A little over two hundred years ago, on 5 December 1815, a well-attended meeting of the members of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle upon Tyne took place. The purpose of this meeting, in the first city of the British coal trade, was to display several examples of the recent invention of the miners' safety lamp. The various lamps presented were designed to provide a safe light in coal mines in the presence of "fire-damp": the naturally occurring, highly flammable mixture of gases that would explode when exposed to a naked flame, and which, in the first years of the nineteenth century, had caused several horrific mining disasters below ground, such as that at Felling Colliery on 25 May 1812, when ninety-two miners were killed. A detailed, and sobering, record of mining fatalities in the north-eastern coalfield is provided by the Durham Mining Museum; their online database of colliery disasters speaks of the scale of the human tragedy that unfolded between 1800 and 1815, and thus of the pressing need for an effective means of risk reduction. Present at the Newcastle meeting was the botanist Nathaniel Winch, who sent a report of it, signed "N.," to the Philosophical Magazine (James 223). Winch devotes a large section of his account to describing the lamp produced by George Stephenson, an "enginewright at Killingworth Colliery," before concluding:


The Thick‐Walled Cylinder technique, reported in the literature, employs an explosive cylinder to create the driving force, collapsing the cylindrical sample. This experimental set‐up has been established as a controlled and repeatable technique to create and study multiple adiabatic shear bands. Searching to establish a simpler experimental platform to perform large sets of experiments, we have designed an Electro‐Magnetic (EM) set‐up for the collapse of thick walled cylinders. The EM setup is based on a pulsed current generator using a capacitor bank system. The specimen is an assembly of coaxial cylinders, where the inner and outer cylinders, each attached to an opposite pole, are short‐circuited. Upon discharge, a high current flows through the cylinders, in opposite directions, creating repulsive magnetic forces between them. This work presents the design procedure of the specimens using numerical simulations as well as some results for SS304L thick‐walled specimens, using this setup. The spatial dis...


It is widely assumed that industrial R & D units are composed of R & D professionals of different scientific disciplines, i.e. that such units have cross-disciplinary structures. However, empirical data on these structures are rare at best. This paper conceptualizes cross-disciplinarity as a dimension of an R & D unit's organizational complexity. Two measures of cross-disciplinary structures are developed to assess the relationships between cross-disciplinary structures, R & D unit size and industry in a comparative study of 210 West German industrial R & D units. One measure (number of different disciplines employed in a unit) has affinities with differentiation measures of prior organization research (e.g. the Aston approach), whereas a second distributional measure of disciplinary diversification has been rarely used. It is found that the two measures are differentially related to size and industry variables. Evidence is presented that the discovered lack of a relationship between R & D unit size and disciplinary diversification is theoretically interesting in that it can be used to explain why prior innovation research has found that smaller R & D units do not perform worse than larger units.


A manufacturing method of a hollow concrete girder and a construction method of a bridge using the same are provided to resist buoyancy by placing concrete without increasing the dead weight of a hollow concrete girder using a permanent inner core. A manufacturing method of a hollow concrete girder comprises the steps of installing a reinforcement assembly around an inner hollow formation portion in an installed form, installing a permanent inner core according to the shape of an inner hollow in the inner hollow formation section and forming the permanent inner core to make a concrete panel(320) fixed to an inner core containing Styrofoam(310) to resist the buoyancy occurring in the permanent inner core by concrete to be placed, and placing concrete in the form to make the permanent inner core and a reinforcing bar buried and compounding the concrete panel with the placed concrete.


The popularity of the JavaScript programming language for server-side programming has increased tremendously over the past decade. The Node.js framework is a popular JavaScript server-side framework with an efficient runtime for cloud-based event-driven architectures. One of its strengths is the presence of thousands of third-party libraries which allow developers to quickly build and deploy applications. These very libraries are a source of security threats as a vulnerability in one library can (and in some cases did) compromise an entire server. In order to support the secure integration of libraries, we developed NODESENTRY, the first security architecture for server-side JavaScript. Our policy enforcement infrastructure supports an easy deployment of web hardening techniques and access control policies on interactions between libraries and their environment, including any dependent library. We discuss the design and implementation of NODESENTRY and present its performance and security evaluation.


Objective To study the feasiability of prevention of incision infection without perioperative use of antibacterial medications for thyroidectomy.Methods Six hundred and sixty-seven patients underwent thyroidectomy admitted in our hospital from Feb.2005 to Aug.2011 were enrolled in this study,they were not administered with antibacterial medications for prevention of postoperative incision infection.There were 510 cases of nodular goiter,77 cases of thyroid adenoma,29 cases of Graves'disease,45 cases of thyroid papillary carcinoma and 3 cases of other malignant tumors.Unilateral total lobectomy or partial thyroidectomy was performed in 441 patients with single-side nodular goiter or thyroid adenoma; bilateral partial thyroidectomy was performed in 195 patients with nodular goiter or Graves'disease; unilateral neck lymph node resection was performed in 7 patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma and bilateral neck lymph node resection was performed in one patient with thyroid papillary carcinoma.The surgical procedure time raged from 25-390 min,the averaged time was 79.8 min.Results Re-suturing was performed in one patient due to secondary hemorrhage from residual thyroid following bilateral partial thyroidectomy for nodular goiter and 1 patient due to subtotal thyroidectomy for Graves' disease.Temporally recurrent nerve paralysis was reported as complication following right-side total lobectomy and left-side subtotal lobectomy in a nodular goiter patient.One case had suppurative infection in neck incision 5 days after bilateral partial thyroidectomy.Conclusions Classified as type-Ⅰ incision,thyroidectomy has the characteristic of small incision,short duration and minor hemorrhage.The procedure is performed under strict conditions of sterility and hemostasis,there is no need to use antibacterial medications for the prevention of incision infection and thus the use of antibiotics may be avoided.In addition to alleviate the economic burden for patients of society,especially to prevent the excessive use of antibiotics lead to bacterial resistance will have far-reaching signifance.

Key words:
Thyroid disease; Thyroidectomy; Antibacterial medications; Infection


The use of near-infrared reflectance analysis (NIRA) for the quantitation of components of complex mixtures is well established. The lack of qualitative feedback in this approach is a major drawback. In view of this, it is believed that qualitative evaluation of the sample spectrum is also necessary for routine application of the NIRA technique. A method for qualifying a spectrum for application of a quantitative equation is described. The method involves generation of a quantitative equation, followed by the development of a qualitative equation based on the Mahalanobis distance algorithm, which is used to determine if the spectrum is suitable for analysis. This approach is demonstrated for the determination of lincomycin in an agricultural premix. The determination of proper control limits on the Mahalanobis distance is discussed. The improvement in precision obtained with the use of spectral selection is reviewed.


The development and modern view points on trigeminal neuralgia etiology and pathogenesis are presented. The role of the trigeminal root-entry zone demyelination is stated. The optimal method of treatment is the trigeminal nerve decompression and nerve remyelination maintenance.


1 The ability of azelastine to influence antigen‐induced contractile responses (Schultz‐Dale phenomenon) in isolated tracheal segments of the guinea‐pig was investigated and compared with selected antiallergic drugs and inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism. 2 Indomethacin produced a significant leftward shift of the antigen concentration‐effect curve. 3 The inhibitory activity of azelastine on anaphylactic responses in guinea‐pig trachea was dependent on the duration of exposure (preincubation period). 4 The relative order of potency (antianaphylactic activity) at calculated IC50 level was as follows: FPL 55712 (a leukotriene receptor antagonist) > nordihydroguaiaretic acid (a lipoxygenase inhibitor) > p‐bromophenacyl bromide (a phospholipase A2 inhibitor) > BW 755c (a dual inhibitor of lipoxygenase and cyclo‐oxygenase) > theophylline (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) > azelastine > diphenhydramine (H1 histamine‐receptor antagonist) > ketotifen > disodium cromoglycate. FPL 55712 (added 5 min before antigen challenge) was about 12 times as potent as azelastine (added 2 h before antigen challenge). 5 The incubation of tracheal segments with azelastine and BW 755c for a period of 30 min was found to inhibit indomethacin‐augmented anaphylactic responses. These observations seem to suggest that azelastine and BW 755c interfere with the synthesis/release of the products of lipoxygenase/leukotriene synthetase pathway (e.g., leukotrienes) in the mediation of allergic responses in airway smooth muscles.


The phrase, "summation of stimuli," has been employed at times to signify only the phenomenon in which a stimulus of a fixed intensity, which at first is too weak to stimulate living substance, will upon repetition be followed by a response. It is more rational to include within the concept all cases of summation, whether the stimulus is at first below the stimulation threshold or above it. Summation is usually ascribed to an increase in the irritability of the protoplasm, but the conditions responsible for such increase have not been known. Two years ago, the senior author explained the increase in irritability found in the treppe of muscle, by the augmenting action of fatigue substances, notably carbon dioxide and lactic acid. This chemical theory of the treppe is here applied to the explanation of summation in general. The validity of this explanation has been confirmed by a large variety of experiments performed on the muscles of medusæ and crustaceans. It has long been known that summation with subminimal stimuli is very readily obtained in these forms. The authors have confirmed this. They have also studied the action on the muscles of carbon dioxide and lactic acid in small quantities.


In prison pain assumes a disproportionate magnitude and it is not generally adequately treated. The reasons are often due to the fear to prescribe to detainees opioid analgesic agents for the risk of misuse and diversion. The purpose of this observational study, carried out on 598 detainees in the sentence prison of Padua, was to identify the obstacles and barriers to the use opioid analgesic drugs for pain management and to find recommendations for their implementation and rational use. The study showed an inappropriate prescription of analgesic drugs and misuse and diversion phenomena, especially in detained drug users. Recommendations, procedures and guidelines for the pain treatment should be adopted in all prisons.


The Korea Media Rating Board (KMRB) employs a full-rating system divided into five categories: "all ages," "12 and up," "15 and up," "youths prohibited," and "restricted screening." The last category, "restricted screening," was created in order to ensure that the Korean film industry rating system accommodates all films, thereby allowing films that are deemed to be more socially unacceptable to be categorized while retaining the freedom of expression. However, due to an absence of any theaters with the permission to screen films with restricted ratings, freedom of expression and the freedom for audiences to watch content of their choice have been marginalized. How can restricted films be viewed without theaters that are allowed to screen them? This thesis aims to examine the restricted screening rating system and propose the introduction of specialized restricted theaters with the permission to screen restricted rating films.


To the Editor: Giaudia lamblia is a common intestinal protozoa, leading to longstanding intestinal complaints in many of those infected. Chronic symptoms may occur intermittently and may be florid or subtle. Diagnosis can often be confirmed by well-performed stool examinations or with an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect G. lamblia fecal antigen. Even after these, as well as other invasive procedures, some cryptic G. lamblid cases cannot be parasitologically confirmed. In patients with strong epidemiological and clinical evidence of giardiasis, marked improvement and apparent cure may be obtained after empiric treatment with anti-Giardia drugs.' Failure to consider giardiasis, or inability to confirm a parasitologic diagnosis and reluctance to empirically treat, deprive those with cryptic chronic giardiasis of the opportunity to be cured with a simple, safe, and inexpensive treatment regimen. To treat giardiasis, there are presently only two commercially available drugs in the United States: metronidazole (Flagyl) and furazolidone (Furoxone). Other nitroimidazole drugs, including tinidazole (Fasigyn) and ornidazole (Tiberal), have been found effective in other countries but are unlicensed in the United States. Paromomycin (Humatin), an FDA approved drug, has had variable effectiveness in studies in other countries, primarily in infected children.* Metronidazole is currently considered the treatment of choice for giardiasis in the United States, (though never approved by the FDA for this indication). Cure rates ranging from 85 to 95% have been reported and it is generally well-tolerated in a course of 250 mg three times a day for 7 days.3 Furazolidone has as its major indication in the United States the treatment of giardiasis. I t tomes in a liquid formulation, making it particularly useful for young children. Reported cure rates range from 75 to 84% and certain troublesome side effects may O C C U ~ . ~ Quinacrine (Atabrine) is the most effective drug against giardiasis, with reported cure rates of 92-95%.' Quinacrine was withdrawn from the market by the manufacturer (Sanofi Winthrop) and it is unavailable commercially worldwide. Quinacrine remains an FDAapproved drug and some pharmacies have been compounding quinacrine USP powder into 100 mg gelatin capsules. Quinacrine treatment should be attempted in the approximately 10% of cases of proven or strongly suspected giardiasis not responding to other available drugs. A rare case of parasitologically proven giardiasis not responding to any of these drugs alone may be cured with a combined course of metronidazole and q~inacr ine .~ In our experience, numerous individuals with suspected but unproven giardiasis and nonresponsive to available drugs have obtained marked and continuous improvement only after treatment with quinacrine. We are unaware of known beneficial effect of quinacrine on any other infectious or noninfectious diarrheal illness. Quinacrine is not free of side effects, and one of us has reported a 1.5% incidence of toxic psychosis with the formerly used 7 day course of 100 mg three times a day.' More recently, using a five day course, no toxic psychosis cases have been seen. Quinacrine has an important role in treating recalcitrant and cryptic giardiasis and efforts should be made to again have it readily available in all pharmacies.


Patho log ica l laughing and crying, defined as s u d d e n ou tburs t s of uncontrol lable, spontaneous , i napp rop r i a t e laughing a n d / o r crying, was recogn ized a n d s tudied in the late 19th century . L~'~7'22 T h o u g h mos t commonly found in diffuse cerebral vascu la r disease, it has also been observed in a v a r i e t y of infectious, degenerat ive, demyel inat ing, epi lept ic , and neoplast ic cerebral diseases. 7'13'25 Whi le repor ts of its occurrence wi th in t racranial t u m o r s have been appear ing for over half a cent u r y / '24 our case is unique in t ha t so far as we can de t e rmine , it is the first repor ted instance in which b o t h pathological laughter and crying were cured b y the removal of such a tumor. Two addi t ional cases 2~ are briefly men t ioned in which pathological laughing preceded by months or years the a p p e a r a n c e of o ther neurological signs. I n these two pa t i en t s , as in ours, the tumor was located ven t r a l to the pons. We suggest t h a t pathological l augh ing or crying may be a useful sign in the ear ly diagnosis of p re -pont ine tumors.


The durability of concrete is one of the most significant problems within the civil engineering community. Through the careful design and use of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (HPFRCC) the durability and long term performance of many concrete structures may be enhanced. However, before implementing these new materials into construction applications, their durability performance must be shown equal or superior to concrete over long durations in harsh service environments. Within this article, the behavior under various environmental loads and the long term performance of a class of HPFRCCs called Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) are reviewed. ECC is shown to exhibit exceptional behavior under freeze-thaw cycles, hot-cold temperature cycles, carbonation exposure, fatigue loading, and long term mechanical performance. Additionally, results are presented of an ongoing four year comparison between ECC and concrete roadway patching applications on a Michigan Department of Transportation bridge deck.


As annual public sector health care expenditures continue to increase in developed countries, governments struggle with how to measure the value-for-money they are receiving. Hospital performance is often viewed solely in research through the lens of economic indicators, with limited credence given to other contextual influencers. However, given the articulated focus of hospital mission, vision and value statements on prioritizing the patient, this research explores whether not-for-profit hospital CEOs are actually being compensation for high patient satisfaction factors; in effect, are hospital CEOs rewarded for meeting patient needs? Through an examination of 62 small, medium and teaching hospitals in Ontario, Canada from 2003 to 2006, we discover that patients' satisfaction with their hospital experience is a predictor of the level of compensation of the hospital CEO. We further note that financial performance of the hospital does not appear to moderate this relationship. Given the increasing public po...


Recently there was some attention on integration of description logics of the AL-family with rule-based languages for querying rela-tional databases such as Datalog, so as to achieve the best characteristics of both kinds of formalisms in a common framework. Formal analysis on such hybrid languages has been limited to computational complexity: i.e., how much time/space it is needed to answer to a speciic query? This paper carries out a diierent formal analysis, the one dealing with expressiveness, which gives precise characterization of the concepts de-nable as queries. We rst analyze the applicability to hybrid languages of formal tools developed for characterizing the expressive power of rela-tional query languages. We then present some preliminary results on the expressiveness of hybrid languages. In particular, we show that relatively simple hybrid languages are able to deene all nite structures expressed by skolemized universally quantiied second-order formulae with some constraints on the quantiied predicates.


Proposed a method of noise and compensating the touch screen system a touch screen system. A touch screen system comprising: a touch screen panel, providing a channel having a sensing capacitance change corresponding to the sensed output, by the change in the capacitance connected to one of the sense channels or a plurality of the sensing unit detects associated with the input touch is applied. When touch input is applied accumulated in the parasitic capacitance of the sensing channel. The touch screen system also includes a touch controller, for receiving the sensing output and comprising: a noise compensation block configured to generate a compensation capacitor for compensating the parasitic capacitances, and to provide a compensation output; and a signal conversion unit, sensing means for receiving said output and the compensation output, and generating a noise compensated sense output.


The potential suitability of the Fabry-Perot and Bragg grating fiber optic sensors will be considered against a set of criteria for practical use with Smart Structures. Particular attention will be given to a number of key issues, such as: interrupt immunity, apparent strain, sensitivity, response time, structural integration, optical interfacing minimal perturbation and sensor performance lifetime. Some of our development of fiber optic sensors for use with Smart Structures will be reviewed in the light of these considerations.


Factors involved in determining the riding characteristics of coaching stock are numerous. By means of suitable formulae, the path of a wheel set, will be a sine curve. It is influenced by the profile of the rail head. The characteristics of springs are carefully considered as suggested that helical springs might be used to deal with both vertical and lateral forces or by arranging for bogie center to bear against large rubber pads disposed at an oblique angle, so as always to be in shear.


The invention publishes a method for power control of high speed sharing information channel. Obtain a split-ring emissive power by the network side high-level disposition's power parameter 'PRXHS-SICH' and subscriber's equipment's survey compensation value LPCCPCH. Then obtain the actual split-ring emissive power by on subscriber's equipment's physical level basis high speed sharing information channel after adjusting ACK/NACK information and disposition's power parameter 'Ack-Nack power offset'. Similarly, Then obtain the actual closed -ring emissive power by on subscriber's equipment's physical level basis high speed sharing information channel after adjusting ACK/NACK information and disposition's power parameter 'Ack-Nack power offset'. Also obtain the actual closed loop emissive power. This invention realizes the power control about the HS-SICH split-ring emissive power and the closed loop emissive power for the related parameter of the subscriber's equipment.


Nowadays, motion attention model is a controversial topic in the biological computer vision area. The computational attention model can be decomposed into a set of features via predefined channels. Here we designed a bio-inspired vision attention model, and added the rarity measurement onto it. The priority of rarity is emphasized under the assumption of weighting effect upon the features logic fusion. At this stage, a final saliency map at each frame is adjusted by the spatiotemporal and rarity values. By doing this, the process of mimicking human vision attention becomes more realistic and logical to the real circumstance. The experiments are conducted on the benchmark dataset of static images and video sequences. We simulated the attention shift based on several dataset. Most importantly, our dynamic scenes are mostly selected from the objects moving on the highway and dynamic scenes. The former one can be developed on the detection of car collision and will be a useful tool for further application in robotics. We also conduct experiment on the other video clips to prove the rationality of rarity factor and feature cues fusion methods. Finally, the evaluation results indicate our visual attention model outperforms several state-of-the-art motion attention models.


Reputation of the public sector organizations has been in the limelight of research since the last few years. It is because a positive reputation attracts foreign direct investment, elevates the trust of the general public in their government, increases the net tax collections and in aggregate improves the image and identity of the country. The aim of the present study is to propose and evaluate a research model that includes project management maturity as an antecedent to organizational reputation. The suggested research model is assessed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Furthermore, the hypotheses generated in the study were examined based on a sample of 425 respondents from the project-based public sector organizations of Pakistan. Moreover, the findings indicate that there is a significant positive relationship between maturity in project management and reputation of public sector organizations. Additionally, it is determined from the findings of the study that different dimensions of project management maturity such as process management, project management training, knowledge management transfer, continuous improvement and the use of project management software positively affect the reputation of the public sector organizations in Pakistan.


A backward current Two-dimensional materials in a magnetic field can exhibit the so-called quantum Hall effect. This regime is characterized by currents running along the edge of the sample in the "downstream" direction determined by the sign of the magnetic field. Lafont et al. studied electrical transport in GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructures, focusing on a previously less-studied spin-unpolarized state in the fractional quantum Hall regime. By considering various experimental configurations, they observed a component of the charge current flowing in the opposite, "upstream" direction. Science, this issue p. 54 Upstream charge flow is revealed in a spin-unpolarized fractional quantum Hall state in a GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructure. The quantum Hall effect, observed in a two-dimensional (2D) electron gas subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field, imposes a 1D-like chiral, downstream, transport of charge carriers along the sample edges. Although this picture remains valid for electrons and Laughlin's fractional quasiparticles, it no longer holds for quasiparticles in the so-called hole-conjugate states. These states are expected, when disorder and interactions are weak, to harbor upstream charge modes. However, so far, charge currents were observed to flow exclusively downstream in the quantum Hall regime. Studying the canonical spin-polarized and spin-unpolarized v = 2/3 hole-like states in GaAs-AlGaAs heterostructures, we observed a significant upstream charge current at short propagation distances in the spin unpolarized state.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the pedagogical strategy of Paulo Freire's culture circles in adherence to self-care in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. A randomized clinical test was performed with 72 participants, allocated into Intervention Group (IG) and Control Group (CG).The IG participated in six circles to discuss and unveil the generative themes: diet, medication, diabetes complications and foot care; the CG participated only in routine consultations. The change provided by the circles after three months of intervention was evaluated through the Diabetes Self-Care Activity Questionnaire, fasting capillary glycemia, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, body mass index and abdominal circumference. The IG showed a statistically significant increase in self-care adherence to healthy diet, physical exercise, glycemic monitoring and examination and drying of the feet and reduced fasting capillary glycemia (211.6 ± 102.5 to 181.9 ± 66.3 mg/dL), systolic arterial pressure 125(120-140) to 120(117.5-130 mmHg) and abdominal circumference (96.3 ± 9.5 to 95.5 ± 9.1 cm), while in the CG there were no changes during the study. The culture circles, as an educational approach, were able to improve the self-care adherence practices of patients with diabetes and provide improvement in some cardiovascular risk parameters.


Advances in the subject of plasma containment in cusp-shaped magnetic fields over the past six or more years are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on the structure and thickness of the sheath separating a field-free plasma from a vacuum magnetic field. Recent experimental results suggest possibly that the thickness could be the geometric mean of the electron and ion Larmor radii, compared to earlier results in which the thickness measured was nearer the ion Larmor radius. The electric field in the sheath is important not only in determining its structure but also in problems associated with flow, end shorting, losses, and plasma rotation and stability. The present status of radio-frequency and electrostatic plugging of the ends is presented. Liner implosion to obtain extreme, and perhaps optimal, conditions for controlled fusion is a new aspect of this subject which deserves some attention. Hybrid schemes which employ cuspshaped magnetic fields as an essential part of their containment configuration include the linear picket fence, the spherical multipole magnetic trap, the stuffed cusp, the caulked stuffed cusp, the caulked cusp torus (CCT), the toroidal line cusp (or Tormac), and the containment of a flowing plasma in toroidal multiple cusps (the Polytron). These are reviewed, and their advantages and disadvantages for fusion are discussed.


According to the INCA (National Cancer Institute), childhood cancer is considered rare compared to cancer that affects adults, but it is a major cause of death in children. This research aimed to describe the psychological reactions of family members of children with cancer in the face of terminality; identify coping strategies for family members of children in palliative care; discuss the coping strategies used by family members of children in palliative care to deal with the child's terminality; report how the psychologist works with the child's family. The present research uses the methodology of a field research in which two semi-structured interviews were carried out, one with the relatives of the children undergoing palliative treatment at the institution and the other with the psychologist who worked in the pediatric oncology ward. For data collection and research analysis, content analysis was used. Through the collection, it was possible to identify the reactions of family members to the phase of palliative care, as well as the coping strategies used by them and their effectiveness, as was discussed about the psychologist's performance in the palliative care team. The results provided support for the understanding of coping strategies, also seeking with this study to contribute to the improvement in the relationships between child-family-health team, by understanding their peculiar reactions and coping strategies used in this context.


The variation of the transfer functions of surface acoustic wave (SAW) interdigital transducers as functions of the statistical errors associated with artwork, the production of photo masks, and other fabrication steps is studied analytically and numerically. Statistical calculations are performed to determine the effects of random variations of width of the metallic stripes and spacing between stripes on the reflection characteristics of SAW reflectors, insertion loss, and Q of SAW resonators. As expected, the tolerance criterion for resonators is much more stringent than that for reflectors and interdigital transducers. 13 refs.


Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have become a popular method to learn a probability model from data. In this paper, we provide an understanding of basic issues surrounding GANs including their formulation, generalization and stability on a simple LQG benchmark where the generator is Linear, the discriminator is Quadratic and the data has a high-dimensional Gaussian distribution. Even in this simple benchmark, the GAN problem has not been well-understood as we observe that existing state-of-the-art GAN architectures may fail to learn a proper generative distribution owing to (1) stability issues (i.e., convergence to bad local solutions or not converging at all), (2) approximation issues (i.e., having improper global GAN optimizers caused by inappropriate GAN's loss functions), and (3) generalizability issues (i.e., requiring large number of samples for training). In this setup, we propose a GAN architecture which recovers the maximum-likelihood solution and demonstrates fast generalization. Moreover, we analyze global stability of different computational approaches for the proposed GAN and highlight their pros and cons. Finally, through experiments on MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets, we outline extensions of our model-based approach to design GANs in more complex setups than the considered Gaussian benchmark.


The qualitative analysis method and the quantitative analysis method of software project risk analysis are discussed. A method of combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis is proposed, which is concerned with the influence of risk acceptance.


Mr. R. H. Metcalfe, Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, St. James' Hospital, London: There is unfortunately, at the present time, a tendency to disregard the human approach in the treatment of all diseases, and, as Sir Harry Platt said, orthopaedic surgeons are in danger of becoming mere "garage mechanics". The treatment of the disease or injury in all patients is naturally an essential, but it must be realized that unless the patient is treated as an individual, and not merely as a "case" of disease or injury, the eventual recovery may well be delayed or incomplete. This concept is especially of importance in the treatment of fractures in the aged. These old people, drawing to the end of their lives, have a natural fear of death, of the immediate future and of what may happen to them on their discharge from the hospital. The only way to combat this fear is to restore the confidence of the patients. First impressions on arrival in the ward are of the utmost importance, a smile on the face of the Sister or a Nurse and a-cheerful welcome from the other patients are essential. The patient's bed should, if possible, be placed next to a patient with a similar injury, well on the way to recovery. There are many ways in which happingss can be brought into a ward, simple things like the provision of a birthday cake by the hospital kitchen gives great delight to art old person and makes him, for one day, the centre of attraction. Patients should be told what is the matter with them and a simple explanation given as to the treatment they are to undergo. Unfavourable signs and symptoms must not be discussed in the ward as the "grape-vine" is stupendous. Many old people enjoy nothing more than discussing and comparing their illnesses. The old voluntary hospitals, many of which were founded on religious foundations, had morning prayers in the ward every morning and this still continues. Recently at St. James's Hospital I have revived this wonderful system and I now start my ward rounds with a simple prayer, in which the patients join, asking for God's help towards their recovery. After operation, the next essential is to obtain mobility by morning exercises, organized on the class principle under the supervision of a physiotherapist. This mobility can be continued throughout the day by means of "knee-oil", which the patients rub daily into their knees themselves. This gives wonderful exercise to all parts of the body, especially the abdomen and I am sure this is largely the reason why constipation is almost unknown in my wardg. Competition is encouraged and incentive is given to the patients when they start to walk by such a simple device as a bracket on the wall at the end of the ward on which something different is placed every day. Old people who come in with a fracture often live alone and have not had a real meal for many years. It is often difficult for them to adjust themselves to the larger meals in hospital, although this must be done, as without adequate nourishment the healing of the fracture is undoubtedly delayed. The addition of beer or Guinness, if desired, and extra milk often helps. Finally comes the question of disposal. Old men frequently find some old lady willing to look after them, but old ladies are set in their ways and find it difficult to live together in harmony. In some hospitals the relatives are asked to sign a form stating that they are willing to take their relatives back into their homes. Unfortunately this bond is frequently broken and the old person is "written off". With the increasing average age of the population the hospitals for the chronic sick are now inadequate. The solution may be the provision of more old people's homes of which there are already a large number in all parts of the country, run either by charitable Societies or by Local Authorities. In these homes old people of both sexes live together in great happiness, they pay what they can afford, the rest being provided by grants from local authorities and the Ministry and about 10% by voluntary contributions. Membership of a Darby and Joan Club, or the use of Social visitors, is a great help to prevent loneliness. Old people should be put in touch with such activities before they leave hospital.


A practical, convenient, and highly selective method of synthesizing β-ketonitriles from the Pd-catalyzed addition of organoboron reagents to dinitriles has been developed. This method provides excellent functional-group tolerance, a broad scope of substrates, and the convenience of using commercially available substrates. The method is expected to show further utility in future synthetic procedures.


A 64-year-old man presented to our outpatient clinic with an asymptomatic mass on his left sole, which had appeared seven months earlier. His past medical history was remarkable for polio in early childhood, resulting in residual left hemiparesis, and consequently, an impaired gait. Physical examination revealed a well-defined, ulcerated and exudative tumor, measuring 6 × 7 cm, on his left sole (Figure 1). No other remarkable cutaneous findings such as skinfold freckling, café-au-lait spots, or neurofibromas were observed. Neither was there any lymphadenopathy or hepatomegaly. Laboratory tests (blood cell count, liver and renal function tests, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and thyroid profile) and a full-body CT scan showed no abnormalities. Histopathology revealed a subepidermal tumor with different growth patterns (Figure 2). Hypercellular fascicles alternated with myxoid areas, giving rise to a marbleized pattern. Focal nuclear palisading was also observed. Immunostaining (Figure 3a–d) showed positivity for vimentin, PGP45, SOX10, and – focally – S100 protein, whereas CD99, MyoD1, myogenin, Melan A, HMB45, MITF, tyrosinase, CD45, CD45RO, AE1 / AE3, CD56, HBME-1, podoplanin, E-cadherin, AML, CD34, and CD68 were negative. Ki67 staining revealed a proliferative activity of tumor cells of 5–20 %. According to surgical protocols at our department, the tumor was initially excised with narrow surgical margins. In the absence of specific protocols and Excrescent tumor on the left sole in a middle-aged man Case for Diagnosis


The diegetic game world places high demands on how it is designed. It is common that game developers wants to create a deeper player immersion and some developers believe to achieve this by integra ...


Fitting instructions to individual pupils in the public schools of a great city is a large order. How Chicago is accomplishing this is here related by one who played a leading part in the solution of the problem.


The dissolution of Yugoslavia had profound effects on the cultural matrix of Bosnia-Herzegovina, the most culturally diverse of the formerly federated republics. The author describes the consequent dynamics in a multi-cultural psychotherapeutic team during the period March-October 1991. All were overwhelmed by deep suffering, often reflected at the bodily level, but primitive defence mechanisms seemed especially prominent in a minority subgroup who identified with nationalistic parties.


Basing on the ETM+ multi-spectrum data,the north of Bierezecuo in Tibet was got aanalysis of remote sensing prospecting potential.Firstly,the author interpreted geological characteristics and extracted alteration information.Afterthat,extracted the remote sensing prospecting elements in study areas,through the porphyry copper deposits metallogenic regularities and remote sensing mineral resources geology characteristics.Finally,8 ore-hunting prospect ares were delineated.


The objective of the study is to explore the conceptual understanding of road crashes as a social issue among the general road users and to understand better the behavioural determinants of motorcycle helmet wearing among young people. One of the conclusions is that the target population was very much aware of the fact that wearing a helmet protects them from head injuries (i.e. knowledge about the benefits of helmet wearing). The actual wearing of a helmet, though, was linked to the perceived risks and not all situations were considered risky by the road users. Therefore, further effort needs to focus on changing the perception of which situations constitute a risk, namely that all situations without a helmet are risky. The aim will be to make wearing a helmet a habit at all times by raising public awareness, targeting youth and strengthening helmet law enforcement.


This chapter focuses on the expression of ideologies in various structures of text and talk. It is situated within the broader framework of a research project on discourse and ideology which has been conducted at the University of Amsterdam since 1993. The theoretical premise of this study is that ideologies are typically, though not exclusively, expressed and reproduced in discourse and communication, including non-verbal semiotic messages, such as pictures, photographs and movies. Obviously, ideologies are also enacted in other forms of action and interaction, and their reproduction is often embedded in organizational and institutional contexts. Thus, racist ideologies may be expressed and reproduced in racist talk, comics or movies in the context of the mass media, but they may also be enacted in many forms of discrimination and institutionalized by racist parties within the context of the mass media or of Western parliamentary democracies. However, among the many forms of reproduction and interaction, discourse plays a prominent role as the preferential site for the explicit, verbal formulation and the persuasive communication of ideological propositions.


K+p potential is modeled as one hadron exchange. The hadrons being exchanged include scalar meson (σ), vector mesons ( ω, p ), hyperons (Λ, Σ), and their resonances (Λ*(1600), Σ*(1385)). This interaction model is derived for non-relativistic calculations and for that purpose the potential model is formulated within Blankenbecler-Sugar reduction. The values of the potential parameters are fixed by fitting to experimental data of K+p spin-averaged differential cross section for kaon laboratory energies from 88.13 MeV to 380.58 MeV. Scattering calculations are performed by using a 3D technique without partial wave expansion.


To the Editor.— A recent answer submitted by Dr Abrams1does not seem to fit the question asked. The heading for this particular question and answer is "Nocturnal Palpitations." The answer is certainly appropriate for this heading; however, the question asked concerns a hypertensive patient whohearshis pulse in his ear. This symptom is best described as pulsatile tinnitus, an auditory sensation. This sensation can be further classified into subjective pulsatile tinnitus, heard only by the patient and not the examiner, and objective pulsatile tinnitus, heard by both the patient and the examiner. Auscultation should be performed by the physician, listening both in the external auditory canal, superior and posterior to the ear, and in the neck area. This type of symptom may represent one of the earliest indications of various problems, such as a carotid bruit, an arteriovenous malformation or fistula, a glomus tumor of the middle


Regarding farmland protection,scientific planning and rational land use as the guiding ideology,Zichuan Branch Bureau of Zibo Bureau of Land and Resources has done many work to promote the combination of urban and rural land planning and total land use plan,strengthen comprehensive management of water conservancy,and increase inspections of law enforcement.Pointing to difficulties and problems existed in new rural construction,some countermeasures are put forward to solute these problems,such as struggling for the support of central and provincial policies,fully use of current policies,strengthening land consolidation of old villages,grasping management of construction using land,actively exploring the land exploration system reform,and strengthening dynamic inspections.


After 1950s,the nostalgia in literature works in Taiwan indicates the original driving force and the tenacious Chinese national consciousness of the "adherents of a former dynasty".The nostalgia in Taiwan literature can be interpreted as the seeking of the root of Chinese culture and the thinking of the identification of ethnic and nation.This article discusses the Adherent Complex of nostalgia literature in Taiwan and the existence of nostalgia in the imago of the hometown protocol and reveals that the narrations of nostalgia in Combat Literature,Feminine Literature,Modernist Literature etc.are all expressions of national identification.


In this paper, the basic reason of cheating in examination among college students was analyzed from the point of economics, the equilibrium point of behavior selection of students and teachers was obtained by using game theory model, and the conceptions of supervising space and cheating space were given. Based on the approach to enlarge supervising space and to reduce the cheating space, the countermeasures to overcome cheating in examination among college student were put forward.


With load density and supply area of city power increased, how to use reasonable distribution scheme to accommodate the growing load demand is the problem. This paper mainly analyzes the distribution scheme of 20 kV voltage according to power distribution of Hangzhou power actuality, from development trend, necessity, benefit, etc.


The Optical Communications Group of the German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR) has investigated the feasibility of a fiberless receiver telescope for high sensitive coherent optical space communication, resulting in an elegant Pointing, Acquisition and Tracking (PAT) concept. To demonstrate the feasibility of this new concept, an optical receiver terminal that coherently obtains both the spatial error signal for tracking and the data signal with only one set of detectors has been built. The result is a very simple and compact setup with few optical surfaces. It does not require fibers for superpositionning and is capable to compensate for microaccelerations up to about one kilohertz.

Keywords: free-space optical communication, coherent optical receiver terminal, satellite vibration compensation, fiberfree heterodyning, Pointing, Acquisition and Tracking


Reinforced ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM) and nitrile–butadiene rubber (NBR) blends were compounded with different concentrations of azodicarbonamide (ADC/K) foaming agent to obtain foamed EPDM and NBR composites. The mechanical properties under compression and under extension at different temperatures were measured for these foams. It was found that the increase of foaming agent concentration and temperature affect all the mechanical parameters. The obtained stress–strain data are discussed in the light of the continuum mechanics theory for compressible materials.

© 2002 Society of Chemical Industry


Jim Hodges's enchanting, multi-faceted work appeared on the 1990s art scene like a ray of sunshine, his artistic illusions with light and mirrors inverting the often alienating postmodern disillusionment of much contemporary art. Favoring the sensual over the sensible and the infinitely perceptual over the tediously cerebral, his works are all activated by light and thematically allude to landscapes. The work is not simply decadent, as disclosure of deeper layers provides enlightenment through visual pleasure. Hodges's lighthearted twists on art history are charming and inviting to diverse viewers, whose engagement completes the work.


Strain concentration is greater for pressurized pipe than for unpressurized pipe, both for girth welds with soft regions compared to the base metal and for girth welds with misalignment. Strain concentration increases with increasing internal pressure, although the increase is less than proportional to pressure. The amount of strain concentration is strongly dependent upon the configuration, with greater thickness limiting strain concentration. For pipes with planar flaws, it can be important to consider both the crack driving force and the constraint around the crack tip. Pressure can notably increase the crack driving force in crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD) or J. Yet the crack-tip constraint has not been observed to change much with pressure when the pressure is applied first.


As the replacement for Council Regulation(EEC) No 2377/90 and the core law of the European Union for veterinary medicinal residue administration,regulation(EC) No 470/2009 of the European Union which was directly applicable in all member states,laid down community procedures for the establishment of residue limits of pharmacologically active substances in foodstuffs of animal origin.Under this regulation,veterinary medicine used on food-producing animals should be strictly controlled and maximum residue limits or reference points for action should be established to monitor residues of pharmacologically active substances in products of animal origin.By researching this regulation,the residue limits administration system of the European Union could be learned,the experience and practice of which also gave great help and useful reference for our country.


Although clinical Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), has been associated with diseases affecting CD4 T cell immunity (1), data over the last two decades point to a critical role of B cell immunity in this disease (2, 3). In this issue of the Journal, Hu and colleagues (pp. 322–331) performed a lung microarray study in a murine model of PCP—rendered susceptible to infection through corticosteroid treatment—an important risk factor in many HIV-negative cases of PCP (4). Importantly, they chose a 14-day time point after Pneumocystis inoculation, as this time point coincided with the induction of adaptive immune responses that are just initializing clearance, yet fungal burdens are quite similar between control and steroid-treated animals. Thus, differences in gene expression largely reflect defects in host immunity and are not skewed by differences in fungal burdens between the groups. The authors conducted an unbiased analysis of the dataset, and observed a defect in many B cell–related genes, including Ig genes and Ms4a1 (CD20). This signature was confirmed by realtime PCR in lung tissue, which showed defects in a number of B cell genes, including Cd19, Cd22, Cxcr5, and Tnfrsf13c, the latter of which encodes the receptor for B cell activating factor. Aspects of this signature were also confirmed in the blood of steroid-exposed patients with clinical PCP. This is consistent with recent data showing that anti-CD20 has been associated with clinical PCP, and that anti-CD20 also renders otherwise immunocompetent mice susceptible to Pneumocystis murina infection (2). Data in the murine model have shown that B cells play several key roles in immunity against PCP. First, they function as critical antigen-presenting cells in the lung, as absence of class II major histocompatibility complex on B cells results in defective CD4 T cell immunity and susceptibility to PCP (3, 5). A similar defect in T cell priming occurs in mice treated with CD20 (2) or in mice lacking secreted IgM (6). Thus, in primary infection, B cells appear to be critical to elicit T cell immunity to this infection. Consistent with this notion is that some defects in Ig production have rarely been associated with PCP, including x-linked agammaglobulinemia (7) and common variable immunodeficiency (8). However, despite these reports, PCP is rare in pure B cell disorders, suggesting that there must exist B cell–independent mechanisms of CD4 T cell priming. Indeed, adoptive transfer of CD4 T cells into B cell–deficient Rag1 mice can mediate clearance of the fungus (unpublished observations), suggesting that CD4 T cells have intrinsic antifungal activity. In addition to antigen presentation, class-switched Igs can prevent secondary infection, even in the absence of CD4 T cells (9). Passive transfer of immune serum has been shown to prevent Pneumocystis infection as well (10, 11). Moreover, vaccination to elicit specific immune responses to surface antigens of Pneumocystis has been shown to be protective (12, 13). Taken together, these studies show that B cell immunity is critical—both in terms of activating CD4 T cells, but also as an effector mechanism that can likely clear the organism through opsonic phagocytosis (14), as well as activation of complement (15). Some of this antibody response is directed against major surface glycoproteins of the organism (16), and now that we have draft genomes for the mouse, rat, and human organisms, this family of major surface glycoproteins is the most divergent between the fungal species. This may explain the host specificity of these organisms (rat Pneumocystis does not infect mice, and vice versa), similar to what has been elegantly reproved with other host-specific commensals, such as segmented filamentous bacteria (17). This raises the issue of whether infections in humans are mediated by quasispecies, such that, although the host may have had prior humoral immunity to PCP, as has been documented in young children (18), this humoral response may not be protective. A failure of these antibodies to cross-react with an infecting species may not be protective in an immunosuppressed host. These types of questions hopefully can be answered with more in-depth sequencing of human samples, as well assaying antibody responses to more than just major surface glycoprotein antigens. In conclusion, the current article shows that corticosteroids induce a major defect in B cells that is strongly correlated with PCP. These data need to be replicated, but this kind of biomarker may prove to be useful to more precisely identify and define individuals at risk for developing PCP in patients that require steroid-containing medical regimens. n


ALTHOUGH the foregoing passage was written by a distinguished worker in the field of physical science, it is the thesis of the present paper that it applies with equal truth in the field of legal study. For the lawyer's purpose every situation which confronts him is dealt with as falling into one or the other of two categories which are apparently supposed to be mutually exclusive and separated by a sharp boundary. Either this is a battery or not a battery, a trespass or not a trespass, etc., etc.2 But such is the complexity of the universe as it presents itself to us that continually new combinations of elements appear; new, that is, in the sense that when we made our classification we did not have them in mind, and now that they present themselves we are in doubt into which class to put


Only those of you who know me personally will know just how startling a sentence that is. I am the guy many travellers love to hate as I usually don't worry about how I'll cope with travelling long hours or crossing many time zones. Give me a seat in a sardine can of a turbulent plane or a bed in a noisy part of the city, allow me to close my eyes, and the amount of time it takes me to fall asleep can usually be counted in seconds. I consider it my one and only superpower. Yet here I am, sitting up in bed at 4.00 am in Islamabad, Pakistan without so much as a cricket's chirp to blame for my restlessness. I've slept no more than 10 of the past 80 hours, but I still can't seem to drift into slumber.


It needs to build a logistics financial talent team for the bonded zone and commodities trading services to ensure the sustainable and rapid development of Zhoushan Islands, New District from the strategic point of Zhoushan international logistics island. Along with the development of Zhoushan international logistics project, various financial institutions have entered Zhoushan. However, the total number is not enough and there is a lack of professional logistics financial talents and the nurturing of this kind of talents, all of which have formed a bottleneck for the sustainable and rapid development of Zhoushan Islands, New District. It is suggested to elaborate dominant action of government, make golden logistics financial talents development strategic planning, strengthen logistics financial talents introduction supportive policy, establish cooperation with colleges and universities to develop customized talents training mode to provide qualified logistics financial talents for the development of Zhoushan Islands, New District.


VHF coherent radar has been widely used in the investigation of ionospheric irregularity over the past three decades. To get a better understanding of the occurrence characteristic of ionospheric irregularity and the mechanism behind it over the low latitude region of China, a VHF radar has been operated at Sanya since 2009. In this paper, we present a brief review of irregularity observations, including ionospheric E, valley and F region irregularities, and meteor trail irregularity with the Sanya VHF radar. Specifically, two more VHF radars (newly installed at Wuhan and Qujing respectively) began operation recently to observe ionospheric irregularity over middle latitude in China. Preliminary results from a simultaneous observation by the three VHF radars are also presented.


Subjectivity word sense disambiguation (SWSD) is automatically determining which word instances in a corpus are being used with subjective senses, and which are being used with objective senses. SWSD has been shown to improve the performance of contextual opinion analysis, but only on a small scale and using manually developed integration rules. In this paper, we scale up the integration of SWSD into contextual opinion analysis and still obtain improvements in performance, by successfully gathering data annotated by non-expert annotators. Further, by improving the method for integrating SWSD into contextual opinion analysis, even greater benefits from SWSD are achieved than in previous work. We thus more firmly demonstrate the potential of SWSD to improve contextual opinion analysis.


At room temperature,in-situ high-pressure energy dispersive X-ray diffraction(EDXD) inspections on beryl has been carried out using diamond anvil cell(DAC) device with synchrotron radiation source.The maximal pressure in the experiment is 19.2 GPa.In the range of experimental pressure,no evidence for the phase transition of beryl was observed.However,the axial compressibility along c axis is larger than that along a axis.The volume compressibility could be described with Murnaghan equation of state in the range of room pressure to 9.3 GPa,while in 9.3~19.2 GPa,the volume compressibility shifts and increases with pressure in a nearly linear relationship.


Developing open source software has proven to provide benefits to customers and OEMs vise versa [1]. IoT and Cloud development activities have already been around for decades and huge communities have grown among an immense variety of applications. However, the vehicle domain just recently approaches the connected era and still faces many challenges stemming from security, safety, reliability, real-time, or more demands. Such demands are also the reason for mandatory adaptations of existing technologies. Hence, Kuksa, i.e. an open-source platform, addresses such specific demands of the connected vehicle era and further uses and extends existing technologies to ease development, analysis, and activities for IoT and Cloud-based approaches for vehicles and provide a basis for new application fields. This paper presents a comprehensive description of technologies and their specifics towards secure data transmission and device management services.


The invention concerns a thermal bag (10) for protecting a newborn (100) from becoming thoroughly chilled, comprising at least one insertion opening (20) for introducing the body (110) of the newborn (100) into an interior (30) of the thermal bag (10), the interior (30) being surrounded by a water vapour-blocking bag wall (40), and the bag wall (40) comprising a sensor device (50) for determining at least one vital function of the newborn (100).


We report a novel n+‐Al0.3Ga0.7As/GaAs/Ag asymmetric Fabry–Perot optical modulator based on bulk Franz–Keldysh (FK) effects in GaAs. The modulator exhibits high on/off contrast (≳120:1) and high reflectivity (33%). Using a pair of these devices in series, we demonstrate a bistable FK self‐electro‐optic device (FK‐SEED) operating at 872.5 nm with on/off contrast ratio of 87:1 and 27% reflectivity under 11‐V bias. The negative differential responsivity necessary for SEED operation is provided through a combination of ''normally off'' mode of the Fabry–Perot and the negative electroabsorption at the wavelength of operation.


This volume joins the contributions of nursing faculty from Latin American higher education institutions who, with the support of CICAD, spent a period in Canada, specifically at the University of Alberta-Faculty of Nursing, to receive training for research on legal and illegal drugs, as well as to find partnerships among them and with professionals from that institution, with a view to the development of joint projects. The University of Alberta Faculty of Nursing participated in the CICAD/OAS Project of Nursing Schools as a collaborating institution and received, in 2003, eleven Latin American researchers for the I International Research-Training Program for Nurses to Study the Drugs Phenomenon. As a center of excellence in research, the University of Alberta Faculty of Nursing received faculty from Nursing Schools in Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico and Peru for an innovative three-month program that focused on the development of nursing researchers and leaders. The articles that resulted from this initiative evidence, to different extents, advances in these partnerships and reveal women as the priority subject of research. This priority is based on demographic data produced by global and local studies, which indicate women, children and adolescents as vulnerable population groups and subject to abuse or exposed to pauperism. In Brazil, studies show that families headed by women are increasing and that, with children and without other adults except for the mother, range between extremely poor and very poor. On the other hand, domestic violence (which includes family violence) frequently seems to be associated with the excessive use of alcoholic drinks. A Brazilian study showed a 52.7% association, which is similar to global estimates about this issue . Due to being a legal drug that is stimulated by publicity and cultural traditions, alcohol benefits from a social permissiveness that illegal drugs do not possess. Precisely due to the fact that its consumption is highly popular among different social layers and population groups, it prevails in almost all situations that involve violence, except in robberies, when cocaine is more frequent . However, the relation between violence and psychoactive substance abuse should be faced prudently, given that various violent situations do not display any association whatsoever with these substances. In spite of its frequency, this association should not be seen as a cause-effect relation . The articles evidence women's preoccupation with their children, confirming their position as bearers of the greatest responsibility for their children, which they assume directly or indirectly, due to cultural standards and values, due to the social context and history, which has consolidated women as the main caregivers to family members. This issue offers the opportunity to evaluate these investments in terms of interinstitutional political negotiations on financial and logistic support, human resources and other investments needed to accomplish interinstitutional partnerships, demonstrating that the result paid off, as it produced possibilities to tighten the bonds initiated through this process. Working in partnership presupposes a great challenge, as bonds are constructed and established in a process that requires time for the sides to get to know one another, to trust in each other's competence and involvement, to understand and respect their own rhythm, so that, in the end, one side's work complements the other's. This is particularly important in partnerships whose main aim is research development.


In order to probe the order parameter symmetry of the heavy-fermion superconductor (HFS) CeCoIn5, we employ point-contact spectroscopy, where dynamic conductance spectra are taken from a nano-scale junction between a normal-metal (N) Au tip and a single crystal of CeCoIn5. The point-contact junction (PCJ) is formed on a single crystal surface with two crystallographic orientations, (001) and (110). Our conductance spectra, reproducibly obtained over wide ranges of temperature, constitute the cleanest data sets ever reported for HFSs. The point contacts are shown to be in the Sharvin limit, ensuring spectroscopic nature of the measured data. A signature for the emerging heavy-fermion liquid is evidenced by the development of the asymmetry in the background conductance, starting at T* (~ 45 K) and increasing with decreasing temperature down to Tc (2.3 K). Below Tc, an enhancement of the sub-gap conductance arising from Andreev reflection is observed, with the magnitude of ~ 13.3% and ~ 11.8% for the (001) and the (110) PCJ, respectively. These values are an order of magnitude smaller than those observed in conventional superconductors, but consistent with those in other HFSs. Our zero-bias conductance data for the (001) PCJ are best fit with the extended Blonder-Tinkham-Klapwijk model using the d-wave order parameter. The fit to the full conductance curve of the (001) PCJ at 400 mK indicates the strong coupling nature (2Δ/kBTc = 4.64). However, our observed suppression of both the Andreev reflection signal and the energy gap indicates the failure of existing models. We provide possible directions for theoretical formulations of the electronic transport across an N/HFS interface in general, and the Au/CeCoIn5 interface in particular. Several qualitative features observed in the (110) PCJ provide the first clear spectroscopic evidence for the dx2-y2 symmetry of the superconducting order parameter in CeCoIn5.


The invention relates to a porous anode aluminum oxide film and especially relates to a method for preparing a porous aluminum oxide film with a super-large hole pitch through ultrasonic auxiliary anode oxidation. According to the method, alcohol is added into a citric acid electrolyte so as to increase an electrolytic voltage, and an ultrasonic technique is combined for increasing the electrolytic rate so as to realize ultrahigh voltage (more than 500V) stable electrolysis and obtain the PAA with the super-large hole pitch exceeding 1 micron. According to the method, only the secondary anodic oxidation technology is required, no rigorous demand on the pretreatment of aluminum sheets exists, and the complex pretreatment steps of annealing, polishing or pre-patterning are not required. According to the method, during the electrolytic process, the ultralow temperature required by hard anodizing is not required and the film can stably grow within an ultra-wide temperature range (0-30 DEG C).


The pressure difference between initial coal seam pressure and critical desorption pressure was neglected in previous material balance methods.Therefore,a modified method has been presented in this paper.In the deri-vation,the initial gas content is expressed as a Langmuir's equation about the critical desorption pressure,rather than the initial coal seam pressure.Finally,a linear material balance equation of the pseudo average reservoir pressure(P/Z*) versus cumulative gas production(Gp) is obtained,whose intercept on horizontal axis yields the initial gas reserves,and intercept on vertical axis gives the pseudo critical desorption pressure,instead of the pseudo initial reservoir pressure.By using this method to evaluate a simulated reservoir,its reserves can be ob-tained with an error less than 0.35%,which indicates the method is reliable when the Langmuir's volume and Langmuir's pressure,average reservoir pressure,initial cleat porosity are accurate.


Position information plays an important role in support system for safe driving, where inter-vehicle distance is used to prevent collision accidents from happening. In urban areas, however, multipath propagation of global positioning system (GPS) signals degrades the accuracy of absolute positions and the deduced relative position. On the other hand, simply removing reflected signals might lead to a shortage of satellites in fixing positions. In previous work, the authors suggested a cooperative relative positioning scheme to exploit correlated information, including reflected signals, in computing relative position. In this paper, the authors analyze errors in pseudoranges in detail via simulations using a ray tracing tool and compare the positioning results with observations in the real world. More specifically, the authors evaluate the distribution of pseudorange errors due to reflection and analyze their correlation. The authors find that reflected signals received by adjacent vehicles tend to be highly correlated and can be used to improve the accuracy of relative positions.


Prostate cancer is the one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer among men throughout the
 world. In the recent days, prostate cancer can be managed by several options such as surgery,
 chemotherapy, radiotherapy, etc. Radiotherapy is considered as one of the popular options to
 treat prostate cancer due to excellent survival rate and fewer side effects. The field of
 radiotherapy is evolving since the days of 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), and
 it is now possible to treat the caner using more advanced techniques such as intensity modulated
 radiation therapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), proton therapy, and
 carbon therapy. This letter addresses some of the major radiotherapy techniques available for the
 cancer treatment.


Objective To investigate the clinical value of domestic ZQL-type inferior vena caval filter through comparing its complications with that of imported inferior vena caval filter.Methods Domestic ZQL-type inferior vena caval filter was placed in 62 patients(study group) and imported inferior vena caval filter in 58 patients(control group) for the treatment of deep venous thrombosis of the lower limb.Abdominal plain film, lower limb phlebography and / or pulmonary arteriography, color Doppler ultrasonography were performed after the procedure.3D-CT scanning was carried out when pulmonary embolism was suspected.The complications were documented and analyzed.Results In all patients the inferior vena caval filter was successfully implanted in planned site.In study group, the complications included filter migration over 10 cm(n = 1), thrombus in the filter(n = 1), inferior vena cava obstruction(n = 2) and pulmonary embolism(n = 1).In control group, the complications included thrombus in the filter(n = 2), deep venous thrombus of the lower extremities(n = 2), inferior vena cava obstruction(n = 9), venous perforation by filter(n = 1) and pulmonary embolism(n = 1).The data were compared between two groups and statistic analysis showed no significant difference between two groups(P 0.05).Conclusion No significant difference in the occurrence of complications exists between domestic ZQL-type inferior vena caval filter and imported inferior vena caval filter, therefore, domestic ZQL-type inferior vena caval filter can safely substitute for the imported filter.


Central to our understanding of mantle dynamics and surface tectonics is the accurate reconstruction of mantle circulation patterns, as deep in the past as possible. The complexity of the mantle convection models play a critical role. In particular their ability to generate plate-like tectonics at the surface. Indeed, interior dynamics of the Earth is directly linked to the surface tectonics. Convection models then provide a physical link between deep and surface processes and allow us to use inverse methods to estimate mantle circulation patterns from plate tectonic reconstructions.


Oxygenic photosynthesis fundamentally transformed our planet by releasing molecular oxygen and altering major biogeochemical cycles, and this exceptional metabolism relies on a redox-active cubane cluster of four manganese atoms. Not only is manganese essential for producing oxygen, but manganese is also only oxidized by oxygen and oxygen-derived species. Thus the history of manganese oxidation provides a valuable perspective on our planet's environmental past, the ancient availability of oxygen, and the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis. Broadly, the general trends of the geologic record of manganese deposition is a chronicle of ancient manganese oxidation: manganese is introduced into the fluid Earth as Mn(II) and it will remain only a trace component in sedimentary rocks until it is oxidized, forming Mn(III,IV) insoluble precipitates that are concentrated in the rock record. Because these manganese oxides are highly favorable electron acceptors, they often undergo reduction in sediments through anaerobic respiration and abiotic reaction pathways. The following dissertation presents five chapters investigating manganese cycling both by examining ancient examples of manganese enrichments in the geologic record and exploring the mineralogical products of various pathways of manganese oxide reduction that may occur in sediments. The first chapter explores the mineralogical record of manganese and reports abundant manganese reduction recorded in six representative manganese-enriched sedimentary sequences. This is followed by a second chapter that further analyzes the earliest significant manganese deposit 2.4 billon years ago, and determines that it predated the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis and thus is supporting evidence for manganese-oxidizing photosynthesis as an evolutionary precursor prior to oxygenic photosynthesis. The lack of oxygen during this early manganese deposition was partially established using oxygen-sensitive detrital grains, and so a third chapter delves into what these grains mean for oxygen constraints using a mathematical model. The fourth chapter returns to processes affecting manganese post-deposition, and explores the relationships between manganese mineral products and (bio)geochemical reduction processes to understand how various manganese minerals can reveal ancient environmental conditions and biological metabolisms. Finally, a fifth chapter considers whether manganese can be mobilized and enriched in sedimentary rocks and determines that manganese was concentrated secondarily in a 2.5 billion-year-old example from South Africa. Overall, this thesis demonstrates how microbial processes, namely photosynthesis and metal oxide-reducing metabolisms, are linked to and recorded in the rich complexity of the manganese mineralogical record.


Purpose We aimed to investigate the relationships of cerebral amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and neurodegeneration (ND) with subjective memory complaints (SMCs) in cognitively normal (CN) individuals, focusing specially on the modulating effects of vascular risk (VR) on those relationships. Participants and methods A total of 230 CN elderly individuals underwent comprehensive clinical assessments including the Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire (SMCQ), VR assessment, and multimodal brain imaging including [11C] Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography (PET), [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, and magnetic resonance imaging. Results We found a significant overall positive association between cerebral Aβ retention and SMCQ score. In addition, we found a significant cerebral Aβ retention × VR interaction effect on the SMCQ score. Subgroup analyses showed that the Aβ–SMC association was found only in VR-negative, and not in VR-positive, individuals. We found no relationship between ND and SMCQ. Conclusion Our findings suggest that SMC in CN elderly individuals reflects early accumulation of Aβ in the brain. Given the modulating effect of VR on the Aβ–SMC relationship, SMC can be used as a meaningful marker of early Aβ deposition in individuals without VR.


A new predictive toxicology tool, REACHAcross, a collaboration between UL and researchers from Johns Hopkins University, will contribute strongly to reduced animal use. REACHAcross was initially created using the publically available toxicology data from nearly 10,000 chemicals registered under REACH and has since been expanded to include toxicology data from other public databases. This highly dense chemical map allows finding similar molecules for most structures. The biological data available in these datasets combined with in vivo endpoints from REACH represent an enormous modeling potential: both chemical and biological similarity can be used to interpolate properties of structures. This approach is based strictly on the local validity of similar chemicals but offers a coverage of large parts of the chemical universe similar to a QSAR. It expresses the certainty of a prediction based on the local data around the substance of interest. IV-1-593


We have investigated the thermoluminescent response of three Germanium-doped silica-based optical fibers obtained by varying the drawing parameters from a unique preform. We compared under X-ray irradiation, their dosimetric properties to those of two widely used commercial dosimeters based on different technologies. Then, we investigated the potential of these optical fibers to monitor gamma rays at different doses and dose-rates, and to different fluences of particles (0.8 and 14 MeV neutrons and 63 MeV protons). Our results show that the thermoluminescence response of the Ge-doped optical fibers depends linearly on the direct ionizing dose (gamma-, X-rays) or on the indirect ionizing dose (protons, neutrons). As a consequence, this class of fibers is an excellent candidate for passive dosimetry in various fields from medical applications to high-energy physics.


A digital computer design program has been used to evaluate the effects of temperature rise on induction motor performance. The limiting performance guarantees are identified for 40 C (degrees centigrade) rise and 60 C rise machines. Class F and Class H temperature rises appear to require changes in machine geometry if these insulations are to be most effectively used in general-purpose induction motors.


We propose a fast and precise simulation method for replicating the transient responses and frequency characteristics of switching power converters using a mixture of real circuits and behavioral models. The method used a behavioral simulation tool (Verilog-A), which was supported by an analog simulator such as SPECTRE®. The time-step became variable, however, the nonlinear operation of the circuit was considered and state-space equations were formulated by applying the hybrid-dynamical-system control scheme in behavioral modeling [1]. Each macro block can have either the real schematic and behavioral model. The transient simulation operates in such a way that the analog simulator advances the simulation step by step while obtaining results from behavioral blocks. Further application of the periodic steady state (PSS) and periodic stability (PSTB) analyses, allowed us to obtain the frequency characteristics in short time. For verification, we simulated the circuits of the current-mode buck DC-DC converter IC, which was previously fabricated using a 0.18-um CMOS process. When we chose blocks of a buffer, the switching and output circuits and RS-FF real transistor circuits, while the rest behavioral models, we achieved transient response and frequency characteristics that were 13 and 75 times faster, respectively, than the analog simulator alone, while keeping less than 3.9% and 2.5% of errors compared with IC's evaluation results.


The present invention relates to a connector and a connector matching method. The connector comprises the following components: a first housing and a second housing which are matched with each other; a first terminal joint and a second terminal joint which are respectively mounted on the first housing and the second housing, wherein, the first housing and the second housing respectively comprise the following components: a part keeping unit which is constructed for keeping the two housings in a keeping state at a partial locking position, wherein the first terminal joint is assembled in the first housing at a manually hollow matching state; and a total keeping unit which is constructed for keeping the two housings at a total locking position, wherein when the two housings are moved from the partial locking position along a matching direction and are matched with each other at a normal depth, the first terminal joint and the second terminal joint are connected normally.


A B S T R A C T Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of trans-abdominal ultrasonography in urolithiasis, keeping CT KUB as gold standard. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional validation study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of Radiology and Imaging, Military Hospital (MH) Rawalpindi from 15 July 2015 to 14 July 2016. In total 115 patients with expected urolithiasis were evaluated with transabdominal ultrasonography and the findings were documented. CT KUB of these patients was carried out. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal ultrasonography were calculated, keeping findings of CT KUB as gold standard. Results: Among total of 115 patients, 54.78% (n=63) were males and 45.22% (n=52) were females. Mean age was 35.69 ± 5.91 years. Frequency of urolithiasis on CT KUB was recorded in 62.61% (n=72). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal ultrasonography in urolithiasis was calculated as 65.27%, 72.09%, 79.66%, 55.36% and 67.83% respectively. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of trans-abdominal ultrasonography in urolithiasis is acceptable for diagnosing urolithiasis and hence it may serve as an alternative in case of unavailability or contraindication to CT scan.


Our retrospective survey was about 19 cases of agenesies, aplasieses and congenital lower, taken member hypoplasieses in charge to the service of orthopedics and pediatric traumatologie of CHU Ibn Rochd between 1977et 1999. The frequency was 1 case by one, we noted a masculine predominance with a sex - ratio of 1,71. The middle age at the time of the diagnosis was of 4 months with extremes going from the birth at 18 months. We noted 73,6% of longitudinal anomalies and 26,3% of transverse anomalies. The reach was one-sided in 73,6%, bilateral in 15,8% and in 10,6% of cases the reach associated the lower member and the superior member. The associated malformations were frequent (15%). It was about onehanded malformed in 2 cases with a syndrome polymalformatif. The middle forecasting of inequality in end of growth at patients treated by prosthesis was 20,4cm and those treated by limb lengthening was 11,6cm. Nine patient (60,6%) benefited an prosthesis, 5 patient (33,3%) have been treated by limb lengthening and 1 sick (6,7%) has been treated by limb lengthening completed by an prosthesis. The middle receding is of 7 years, the middle age to the receding was of 14 years. Complications observed at patients treated by limb lengthening were 3 osseous complications (a deviation of the foot in equin, a fracture of the tibia and a pseudarthrosis of the femur), 2 articular stiffness (an at the level of the knee and the other at the level of the ankle). The middle gain of length gotten by limb lengthening was 4,5cm. Among patients treated by limb lengthening two are in end of growth and keep a residual inequality of 2,5 and 1 cm, the other are always under growth and other limb lengthening are foreseen to correct their inequality.