Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose a robust control scheme for near space vehicle's (NSV's) reentry attitude tracking problem under aerodynamic parameter variations and external disturbances.Design/methodology/approach – The robust control scheme is composed of dynamic surface control (DSC) and least squares support vector machines (LS‐SVM). DSC is used to design a nonlinear controller for HSV; then, to increase the robustness and improve the control performance of the controller. LS‐SVM is presented to estimate the lumped uncertainties, including aerodynamic parameter variations and external disturbances. The stability analysis shows that all closed‐loop signals are bounded, with output tracking error and estimate error of LS‐SVM weights exponentially converging to small compacts.Findings – Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective, leading to promising performance.Originality/value – First, a robust control scheme composed of DSC and adaptive LS‐SVM is proposed ...


In general, college students prefer to work in the areas with developed economy and favourable policies. Their ability to select employment areas is greatly affected by a unique internal quality: psychological capital. This paper attempts to disclose the relationship between the psychological capital of college graduates and their employment area selection ability. To this end, a questionnaire survey was performed among college graduates in north-eastern China, and the results were subjected to correlation analysis. During the analysis, the psychological capital was examined from four dimensions, namely, self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resilience. The results show that college graduates prefer first-tier cities or provincial capitals; the self-efficacy and resilience are the top two determinants of employment area selection ability, and are greatly affected by gender, family origin, student cadres and academic record; the psychological capital of college graduates has a significant positive impact on their ability to select employment areas, laying a strong basis for predicting the selection of employment areas. The research greatly promotes the analysis of employability of college students.


Geoheritage is not necessarily linked genetically to "purely" geological processes. Investigations in two urban areas of Russia allowed us to find essentially artificial objects demonstrating certain geological uniqueness. The huge balls sculptured from rapakivi granite and installed in Saint Petersburg represent cultural, historical, and stone heritage. These are also artificial megaclasts with perfect sphericity. The coal waste heaps situated in Shakhty and its vicinity represent industrial, historical, and urban heritage. These are also artificial landforms creating a kind of pseudo-mountainous landscape. These examples permit us to question the importance of the co-occurrence of heritage categories for geosite assessment.


In this research, we suggest an interactive ambient lighting called HabitStar that helps users improve habits. HabitStar is a star-shaped lighting that can connect with the HabitStar mobile application. The lighting is synchronized with the app by the network server. The user can interact with both the lighting and the app to manage their habits. It helps the user recognize their goals by making them self-record their trials. It also encourages minimum approach for changing habits by providing the norm data as an indicator for practical goals. The lighting can help the user stay motivated by its ambient visualization.


The sandbody of gentle slope shallow braided river delta is one of the most important reservoir type,which is rich in oil and gas resources,so it has practical significance to study the formation,distribution and evolution of this type of sandbody.On the background of He8 section of Xiashihezi Formation of Permian system in Ordos basin,the formation process of braided river delta is reconstructed,and the characteristics of sedimentary micro-facies are discussed by using the technology of simulation experiment.The systematic study on the main controlling factors of the formation and evolution of braided river delta is completed,and the formation mechanism of large area sandstone under the background of gentle structures is revealed.The study results show that the basement subsidence,relative lake level changes,flow,sediment supply and so on are the main controlling factors of the formation and evolution of braided river delta;the low slope,abundant sediment supply,strong currents,frequent changes of lake-level and catchment of multiple water systems are the amin reasons for the distribution of large area sandstone.Based on the initial geological pattern and the understanding of simulation experiment,the sedimentary model of the braided river delta of He8 section in Sulige area is set up under experimental condition.


A qualitative analysis of 151 coming out narratives written by members of sexual minority groups or gender minority groups suggested that individuals who disclosed their identity experienced supportive responses from friends and family members more often than nonsupportive ones. The majority of the narrative writers described the coming out process as leading to enhanced levels of communion, as many of the narratives recounted strengthening or forming relationships, feeling understood more authentically by others, and experiencing greater unity and connectedness with others. Many others described an empowering experience that led to a greater sense of personal identity and self-determination. Results suggest that the coming out process can have positive effects on the lives of LGBTQ+ individuals, marking a positive turning point in their life histories.


The purpose of this study was to determine the ability to understand the concept of physics, the relationship between interest in learning and understanding the concept, the relationship between learning motivation and understanding the concept, and the relationship between interest and motivation to learn with the ability to understand the concept of physics in class X MIPA 1 SMA Negeri 6 Pontianak. The form of research used is correlational with a quantitative approach. The results showed that the ability to understand the physics concept of work and energy was an average percentage of 43% category less than once. The highest indicator of students' concept understanding is translation with a percentage of 61% in the sufficient category, while the lowest indicator of concept understanding is extrapolation with a percentage of 27.5% category less than once. In this study, there is a relationship between interest in learning and understanding of physics concepts of 0.399 which is at the level of a weak relationship. In addition, there is a relationship between learning motivation and understanding of physics concepts of 0.440 at the moderate level of relationship. Then there is a relationship between interest and motivation to learn with understanding the concept of physics of 0.505 which is at the moderate level of relationship. The results of this study are expected to be taken into consideration in determining learning strategies to improve students' conceptual understanding skills and increase students' interest and motivation to learn.


Provided are an image forming device for installing a printer driver in a host device, and a method thereof. The method for installing a printer driver in a host device by the image forming device comprises the steps of: transmitting an agent program to at least one host device; transmitting an execution command of the agent program transmitted to the at least one host device; requesting the executed agent program for printer driver installation information of the host device; receiving the printer driver installation information from the agent program; transmitting a printer driver to the at least one host device selected by a user; and transmitting an installation command of the printer driver, transmitted to the executed agent program, to the at least one host device selected by the user.


Chitin is an important polysaccharide found as supporting material in the cell wall of mushrooms. In this study, chitin and chitosan were obtained from the cell wall of two different mushroom species using chemical method and physicochemically characterized. The dry weight chitin contents of the mushroom species were determined as 11.4% for Lactarius vellereus and 7.9% for Phyllophora ribis. Chitosan yields of the chitins isolated from L. vellereus and P. ribis were 73.1% and 75.3%, respectively. While, the maximum degradation temperatures of L. vellereus and P. ribis chitins were found to be 354°C and 275°C by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the maximum degradation temperature of the chitosans obtained from these chitins were recorded as 262°C and 229°C, respectively. The crystalline index values of L. vellereus and P. ribis chitins were calculated as 64% and 49%, respectively according to the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) results. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that there were no ...


The present paper is dedicated to a collection of yes-go and no-go results on consistent couplings of a massless tensor field with the mixed symmetry ( 1) in the case  = 5 under some well-defined hypotheses from QFT. This type of mixed symmetry tensor fields is important due to its duality to linearized Hilbert—Einstein gravity in  =  + 3. More precisely, it is shown that there are no consistent selfinteractions of a single massless tensor fields with the mixed symmetry (5 1) and also no cross-interactions of this tensor field to the Pauli—Fierz model or to a generic matter theory, but there appear consistent cross-interactions with an arbitrary form gauge field for  = 1 in  = 7. PACS: 11.10.Ef


In this chapter we will discuss how difference equations arise from transformations applied to differential equations. Thus we find that some functions can be defined both by a differential equation and by a difference equation. Of course the independent variables of these two types of equations are not the same, but rather we find interesting duality between parameters and independent variables. Often functions defined by a differential equation posses special transformations. One particularly important class of transformations are those that act on the differential equation by changing the values of its parameters. When such transformations are iterated, we obtain a sequence of differential equations (and often a sequence of solutions) that are strung together by the changing sequence of parameter values. As particularly simple example consider the differential equation


Catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been increasingly used to treat symptomatic patients. Within the last years a growing interest in ablation of persistent AF forms has evolved. Factors that may influence outcome of these procedures to treat persistent AF may be patient-specific (pre-procedural), procedure-related or may involve different post-ablation follow-up strategies. In this review potential factors predicting recurrence of AF after ablation of persistent AF have been evaluated. In essence, data is limited mostly due to incongruent definitions of persistent AF. Left atrial dimensions, duration of continuous AF and AF cycle length may be patient-specific predictors of outcome. Intra-procedural parameters involved in recurrence prediction may be extent of ablation (effective pulmonary vein isolation appears mandatory) and termination of AF during ablation. Timing and number of cardioversion if persistent AF recurs may predict outcome, as well. Many studies have identified strators for higher recurrence rates in rather small patient groups and need to be further evaluated in larger patient collectives. www.jafib.com 8 Feb-Mar, 2012 | Vol 4 | Issue 5 has been proposed in different studies. Success rates differ widely depending on patient selection, experience of the operators and follow-up. Also, persistent AF is poorly defined by 1. either AF lasting longer than 7 days or 2. AF undergoing conversion by either drugs or electrical cardioversion. This definition may include a wide variety of patients with different stages of AF disease and therefore, success rates may vary widely.1 14 Recurrences after ablation of persistent AF may include recurrent AF or atrial tachycardia either due to inconsistent left atrial lesions, reconnected pulmonary veins (PVs) or as tachycardia originating from previously not ablated areas of the right and left atrium. So far, only a limited number of studies have looked into predictors of AF recurrence after ablation of persistent AF. It can be speculated that 1. pre-procedural markers indicating ablation failure may exist, 2. intra-procedural determinants of failure and 3. post-procedural predictors of poorer outcome may be identified. It is most likely, that there is not a single predictor but a combination of different factors influencing outcome in this inhomogeneous patient group. As always with multivariate prediction analysis the number of determinants included in such a model will have effects on outcome of these statistical methods. In addition, many factors are correlated with each other in a rather complex way and may therefore not be appropriately analyzed using simple statistical methodology. In different studies, persistent AF has been identified as a significant confounder for a 50 to 55% higher risk for recurrence mostly in univariate analysis. This can be explained by the assumption, that a persistent type of AF includes many confounding variables that may lead to different results in multivariate analyses. Again, different stages of atrial disease may affect success rates of ablation procedures.15 21 1. Pre-Procedural Factors Many variables that may affect outcome of ablation procedures for AF have been evaluated mostly in either paroxysmal AF patients or in a mixed population. Only a limited number of studies evaluated the effect of pre-procedural variables in a predefined subgroup including only patients with persistent AF.18-21 1.1. Left Atrial Dimensions Left atrial dilation is often associated with AF and vice-versa. Patients with large left atrial dimensions may have substantial left atrial myopathy serving as a basis for the perpetuation of AF. Left atrial dilation results in anisotropic conduction and regional differences in refractory periods. The combination of electrical and substrate remodelling facilitates the onset and perpetuation of AF. Left atrial dimensions are usually evaluated using pre-procedural transthoracic echocardiography and measurements may differ widely intraindividually and in between observers. Left atrial volume as a more concise parameter has so far not been consistently evaluated in ablation studies. Left atrial size was found to be a major determinant for recurrence of ablation for persistent AF in 2 studies. Freedom from AF decreases with increasing left atrial size up to 46mm but no change is identified in patients > 46mm left atrial dimensions 7. In a second study by Lo et al.37 left atrial size was greater in patients with failure of persistent AF ablation. As a cut-off value left atrial diameter > 43mm significantly influences 1and 2-year AF free survival rates (54% at 1 year, 51% at 2 years compared to 91% for 1 and 2 year AF free survival in patients with left atrial diameters < 43mm).7, 37 In contrast, a large cohort analysis by Bhargava et al.19 and a second study by Wokhlu et al. did not find left atrial size to be predictive of single procedure AF ablation success in persistent AF. These studies appeared to include mostly patients with shorter duration persistent AF which may explain some of the discrepancies. Overall data is controversial and this may in some part be due to the insufficiency of echocardiographic measurement of correct left atrial dimensions in addition to differences in ablation strategies in different study groups. It can be concluded though, that increasing left atrial size may negatively affect rhythm success after ablation of persistent AF but no clear 2-dimensional cut-off value exists that may definitely predict failure of the ablation procedure. Journal of Atrial Fibrillation Featured Review www.jafib.com 9 Feb-Mar, 2012 | Vol 4 | Issue 5 1.2. Duration of Persistent AF Data on duration of persistent AF prior to ablation is inconclusive. Bhargava et al.19 identified a longer duration of persistent AF as predictor of failure after a single ablation procedure (hazard ratio 1.74; p=0.003). A recent study by Rostock et al.7 documented duration of persistent AF longer than 6 months to be an independent predictor for AF recurrence in persistent AF ablation. McCready et al.18 did not identify AF duration as predictive for recurrence of AF (hazard ratio 1.07; p=0.11) in the overall group of persistent AF. In the group of patients with a left atrial diameter above 43mm, duration of AF appeared as an independent predictor of AF recurrence. Specifically, patients with long-lasting persistent AF have poorer outcome after ablation emphasizing the importance of duration of AF prior to ablation. There does not appear to be a clear cut-off value for continuous AF duration indicating a relevant drop-down in efficacy (apart from 1 year consistent AF as indicated in the definition of long-lasting persistent AF). It needs to be stressed that pre-ablation AF duration in persistent AF cases should include only the time consistently in AF. In many centres, extent of ablation strategy is mainly based on duration of persistent AF prior to the ablation making multivariate analysis statistically challenging. It can be concluded though, that long persistence of AF (> 6 months prior to ablation) negatively influences recurrence of AF after ablation. Again no clear cut-off value exists and ablation may be extended to additional areas in these patients. 1.3. Hypertension Hypertensive heart disease is a major risk factor for the incidence of AF. In mixed populations with different types of AF hypertension appears to be a significant predictor of AF recurrence after ablation. 3 studies have evaluated hypertension as a strator of ablation outcome in persistent AF ablation in a multivariate model. Whereas hypertension was a predictor of ablation failure in patients with persistent AF in the study by Bhargava et al.19 and for very late recurrence in the study by Wilber et al. (personal communication at Boston AF symposium 2011), it was not a relevant factor in the study by McCready et al.18 Data remains inconclusive on the predictive role of hypertension on persistent AF ablation outcome. 1.4. Structural Heart Disease/Left Ventricular Function/Congestive Heart Failure The presence of structural heart disease (mostly coronary artery disease) may affect AF ablation outcome. In addition, recent publications have highlighted the role of AF ablation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction or congestive heart failure. The prognostic relevance of underlying ventricular abnormalities on outcome of ablation strategies has not been clearly elucidated. One can speculate though, that severely impaired left ventricular function may lead to more aggressive ablation strategies to terminate AF. Most studies evaluating structural or valvular heart disease as a predictor did not identify a relevant relation to ablation outcome but 2 studies indicated a significant association in a mixed AF population. In a homogenous group of persistent AF, 2 studies documented contrary findings in relation to AF recurrence and structural heart disease/cardiomyopathy, Whereas McCready et al.18 did not find any relation in 191 patients. Rostock et al.17 identified a prognostic relevance of congestive heart failure in a multivariate regression analysis in 395 patients. Congestive heart failure involved a 10-fold risk for AF recurrence after the index procedure and after the final procedure. The existence of coronary artery disease also predicted a negative outcome after the final procedure in this study. Congestive heart failure appears to be an independent predictor of AF recurrence in patients with persistent AF as indicated in a single study on nearly 400 patients undergoing ablation in a center with high expertise. 1.5. Age and Sex A recently published study by Rostock et al.17 indicates a higher recurrence rate in female patients after ablation of persistent AF. A second study by Wilber et al. (personal communication at Boston AF symposium 2011) on 1404 patients with persistent or long-standing persistent AF also documented female gender t


Abstract This paper reviews the results of the first systematic parallel measurements with a Dobson-type spectrophotometer and an M-83 filter ozonometer. Measurements were performed at the University of Sofia during a period of one full year. The M-83 is a working instrument in about one-third of the world's ozone network, and is predominantly used in the U.S.S.R. Observations taken every 15 min on clear sunny days, as well as the monthly and seasonal values, show that the filter ozonometer gives a reading of about 6% less ozone than the Dobson when observations are taken at sun zenith angles 2.0) the filter ozonometer readings are 20–30% higher than the Dobson readings. When visibility is limited (V ≤ 5 km), the filter ozonometer readings of ozone are 9–14% higher than the Dobson readings. Differences in the monthly ozone values between adjacent pairs of nearby stations using filter ...


The present invention, (i) boron component formed from at least a portion boron-10; about, and (ii) a boron-containing therapeutic composition comprising a silicon component. This composition, treatment of cancer by boron neutron capture therapy, or a value in the treatment of arthritis by boron neutron capture synovectomy.


Objective:To study the air disinfection effect of Om-500 ozone air disinfector using two methods.Methods:When carrier quantitative test was used,we found that 94.41% of Staphylococcus aureus and 100% of E.coli was killed if Om-500 ozone air disinfector for 60 min,and 97.3% of E.coli was killed if operated for 5 min.When simulate locale air disinfection test was used,the result shows that decrease rate of nature bacterium in air can reach to 90.88% and 95.74% respectively.Conclusion:The experiment suggested that it has a good air disintection effect.


,81 cases of lung cancer were treated by electrochemotherapy. Theeffective rate was 70.3% withen one year, and the survival rate was 52.1% after foll-ow-up for 4 years. The anticancer mechanism of this therapy was the chemical action of electrolysis of direct current (D.C)., which directly kills the cancer cells, by solidification and denaturation of cell protein. Present therapy have the distinguishing feature, sach as, 'simple operation, safe and efficious, with smaller wound and rapid recovery. It is suitable for the cases not able to be operalted or after chemo-and radiotherapy, especially for the relapse cases of post-operation, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and for advanced cancer. This therapy had special efficacy for the cases mentioned above and provide a new therapy for the treatment of tumors with middle and abdvanced stage.


Abstract:Charles Nodier's longest fairytale, La Fée aux miettes, seems an "Anatomy" in Northrop Frye's sense of the word—a medley of literary genres typical of "the self-conscious tradition" familiar to Nodier from Sterne's Tristram Shandy and Diderot's Neveu de Rameau, winding through a labyrinth and ending without a decisive ending. But Nodier repeatedly foreshadows his belief that the sixth "day" (epoch) of Creation has not yet been completed, and that, analogous to more ancient versions of the Biblical prophets, benevolent and superior beings have already descended to earth to help guide humans during their final phase of evolution. The early scenes where the Fée helps young students with their thèmes et versions link France with remote regions of the world, and advance God's plan for completing the creation by uniting it.


Sustainability assessment is a multi-faceted, dynamic, and complex paradigm in the context of buildings with several social, economic and environmental interactions. Hence, the building sector lacks a robust sustainability evaluation and benchmarking mechanism. Consequently, a system thinking approach can solve these challenges due to its ability to evaluate complex systems. Therefore, this paper presents a methodological framework for sustainability benchmarking of buildings using the system dynamics modeling and simulation technique. The proposed methodology captures the dynamic trade-offs between the sustainability dimensions associated with a building while evaluating various policy scenarios for improvement. Further, through a series of system simulations, a benchmarking scale is developed to indicate the sustainability of the building as high, medium, and low levels based on the defined criteria. Results indicate the sustainability behavior of different buildings in comparison to achievable industry benchmarks for the building type evaluated while recommending measures for improvement to achieve better sustainability.


The invention discloses an ocean wave energy, wind energy and vibration energy self-electricity-generating device which comprises a special wave vibration energy device and a wind power generator and consists of a triangular floating ball rack or a multi-angle floating ball rack. A swingable rotating arm provided with a spring and a gravity ball are arranged at the lower portion of a moving point, the lower portion of each floating ball is connected with N-S-pole magnet, the lower portion of the magnet is provided with an induction coil, and the electricity-generating efficiency is high. In addition, the wind power generator and a light condensing solar diaphragm plate are further arranged at the upper portion of a floating body, and the comprehensive effect is played. The ocean wave energy, wind energy and vibration energy self-electricity-generating device can be used in a permutation and combination mode or in a parallel mode, is flexible to use, high in comprehensive efficiency, good in self-electricity-generating power and wide in application range, a novel industry is formed, a principle can be applicable to various generating devices, and the ocean wave energy, wind energy and vibration energy self-electricity-generating device can be used for generating novel automobile power and ship power and is economic and practical, huge in market prospect and suitable for all kinds of people.


Cercopoidea form the largest group of xylem-sap sucking insects. The insects belonging to the largest family, Cercopidae, are popularly known as spittlebugs. They are easily characterized by the presence of one or two lateral spines and an apical crown of spines on the hind tibia. Most of the species have the tegmina with bright colors. Sphenorhina was established by Amyot & Serville (1843) without designation of a type-species. It is a Neotropical genus that currently includes 60 valid species (Carvalho & Webb 2005), most of them previously included in Tomaspis and Monecphora. In this paper we add two new species from Bolivia and Argentina to the genus.


The disruptions of the recent global financial crisis intensified a number of industrial and economic challenges and brought forward a set of often contradictory solutions. Here, we focus on two alternative views on how to (re)establish economic competitiveness and enable growth – flexicurity and austerity. There is much to be learned about the future of these conflicting recipes across changing political economies, particularly considering the importance of the social partners in the development of flexicurity, and their differential ability to influence welfare state outcomes more broadly. Two questions emerge. Attentive to the role and capacity of the social partners, what can we learn about the dynamics of the ongoing welfare state adjustments? How do we make sense of labour market politics in this paradoxical environment? In order to help answer these, we visit the United Kingdom and Denmark – one state offering modest social and employment security, the other a paragon of flexicurity – and find their divergent philosophies, institutional development, and organisational interactions explain not only their respective choices in the aftermath of the crisis, but also their prospects for socially oriented labour policies.


The quality of groundwater, is low in low income peri–urban communities where onsite sanitation facilities and ground water resources are barely apart. This paper assesses the influence on-site sanitation facilities have on groundwater quality by determining the level and source of contamination and identifying the associated pathways to contamination at various levels of storage. Groundwater samples from randomly selected sources with different storage levels were analysed for physio-chemical parameters, microbial contamination levels and the presence of heavy metals. The risk to contamination of selected sources was conducted using a questionnaire developed by Howard et al. The results indicate that, groundwater quality deteriorates from source to storage with counts of microbes increasing. However, as microbial contamination level increases, risk to contamination levels decreases for primary and secondary storage. This suggests that, contamination at primary and secondary storage levels is not directly from on-site sanitation systems but from other identified factors.


The paper focuses on the decorrelation of natural targets like fields, crops and forests as observed by Radar in time intervals from seconds to months. The models proposed in literature, the exponentials and the Intrinsic Clutter Model, are reviewed and cross-checked by exploiting space-borne SAR data, for C and X band and ground based Radar campaigns in Ku band. Results provides useful information for evaluating performances in applications like Differential Interferometry or focusing over long term, like for geosynchronous SARs.


Biosorption using dead microbial biomass represents one of the most innovative, economically feasible, and environmentally safe tools for removing heavy metals


Taking into consideration the autopilot dynamics, a finite-time convergent guidance law with terminal attack angle constraint, is designed for homing missiles to intercept maneuvering targets. The approach taken here is based on the existing finite-time 2-sliding mode control theory. Firstly, the constraint problem of terminal attack angle is transformed to that of terminal line-of-sight(LOS) angle, and an exact observer is employed to estimate the target maneuvers in finite time. Then, it is proved that, the guidance law has the ability to achieve the design requirement of zero miss distance and the anticipant terminal attack angle in finite time. Compared with the previous work, this guidance law is robust to target maneuvers, and can compensate for the effects of missile autopilot dynamics effectively, and the information required in it is easy to obtain in practice. Simulation results show the benefits of the design.


Investigations in Reading & Reading in the Elementary School. Study of current literature and research in the study of reading.


E-government is getting a positive thrust in view of `Digital India Project  ̀initiatives by the current government in India. At present, information and communication technology (ICT) has become an essential prerequisite in all government`s service delivery mechanisms and the idea of governance becomes 24x7 phenomenon. E-governance tools facilitate citizens an efficient, transparent, flexible and comprehensive service delivery platform. The success of any CCS (Citizen Centric System) is now largely dependent on the implementation of an integrated EAF or web based service delivery model specifically. New technologies influenced the innovations in governance at large scale. The ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services/Schemes) is a very diverse program implemented throughout the country with some specified goals regarding child/woman welfare. At present almost every state of India implements the different programs of ICDS.There are two important instigations of this research paper, first is to study and analyze all short comings of the current and previous works regarding e-governance initiatives taken in implementation of service delivery process in CCS of ICDS throughout the country and second is to explore and outline/design an effective integrated EAF or a web based service delivery model (WBSDM) for the CCS of ICDS in India.


IN ORDER TO EXPLORE THE DRIVERS' EXPERIENCE AND APPRECIATION OF THE ROAD ENVIRONMENT, A RATING SCALE WAS MADE FROM A LIST OF CONSTRUCTS THAT WERE ELICITED FROM VIEWING ENVIRONMENTS ON SLIDES. THIS ROAD ENVIRONMENT CONSTRUCT LIST (RECL) WAS APPLIED TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE APPRECIATION OF TWO ROADS THAT HAD DIFFERENT RELATIVE ACCIDENT RATES. THE ROADS WERE TECHNICALY SIMILAR, BUT DIFFERED IN THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING. THEREFORE IT WAS ASSUMED THAT THE CONTEXT MAY CAUSE A DIFFERENCE IN APPRECIATION, WHICH IN TURN MIGHT CONTRIBUTE TO ACCIDENT CAUSATION. THE ROADS WERE PRESENTED IN TWO DAYLIGHT AND TWO TRAFFIC-DENSITY CONDITIONS. TWO EXPERIMENTS WERE CARRIED OUT. IN THE FIRST EXPERIMENT THE ROADS WERE PRESENTED BY SLIDES, IN THE SECOND THEY WERE PRESENTED BY FILMS. PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS SHOWED THAT THE SCORING OF THE RECL WAS BASED ON THREE FACTORS, THAT WERE IDENTICAL FOR THE TWO EXPERIMENTS. THE FACTORS WERE LABELLED "HEDONIC VALUE", "ACTIVATIONAL VALUE" AND "PERCEPTUAL VARIATION". COMPOSITE SCORES FOR THESE FACTORS APPEARED TO DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE TWO ROADS, ESPECIALLY IN THE SITUATION OF LOW TRAFFIC DENSITY IN DAYLIGHT. SUGGESTIONS WILL BE DISCUSSED TO VALIDATE THESE FACTORS WITH ADDITIONAL MEASURES, SUCH AS EYE MOVEMENTS AND HEART RATE MEASURES. EXTENSION OF THE STIMULUS SET AND THE PRESENTATION MODES WILL BE PROPOSED AS WELL. SEE ALSO IRRD 825762, 832993, 832994, AND 844586, AND FOR THE COVERING ABSTRACT OF THE CONFERENCE SEE IRRD 858984.


The Caco-2 cell monolayers drug transport model containing most of the intestinal metabolic enzymes is widely used for screening lead compounds in drug discovery to assess intestinal transport and predict absorption rates. This paper discusses basic characteristics and applications of the Caco-2 cell monolayers model in assessment of drug absorption,metabolism and high throughput screening.


This article examines student achievement of 2533 students in 10 middle schools in relation to the implementation of textbooks developed with funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF) or publisher-developed textbooks.


We have investigated the drying of colloidal suspension drops deposited onto a flat substrate and the thickness of the resulting solid film. To explain the complex dynamics of the drop shape, we have developed two models based on simplified descriptions of the drop geometry during the drying. The first uses the assumption of a constant contact angle and the second the assumption of a constant contact base. The results have been compared to experimental measurements of the drop profile recorded at different times of drying. In particular, we find that the constant contact base model allows a good description of the final thickness of the deposited film under a large variety of experimental conditions.


1. A method for transporting physical objects, wherein at least one physical object is transported from a sending station to a receiving station, wherein the transport occurs through at least one physical router which decides the parameters further transport to another physical router or to the receiving station, characterized in that information for handling and moving the physical object is generated and / or used in making decisions about further parameters transposition rtirovki based on data relating to the environment. ! 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the physical objects associated with data on the effects on the environment. ! 3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the physical objects associated with data about environmental requirements. ! 4. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least part of the data on the impact on the environment is included in the computer which controls the operation of at least one of the physical routers. ! 5. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the computer connected to the physical router is capable to combine data on the effects of the conveyor means to the environment with the parameters related to the transport of physical objects. ! 6. A transportation system for transporting physical objects, wherein at least one physical object is transported from a sending station to a receiving station, wherein the transport occurs through at least one physical router which decides on further parameters transporte


Thermal fluctuations although valid for macroscopic structures based on the fluctuation dissipation theorem of electrodynamics including the formation of evanescent waves are shown invalid at the nanoscale as the Planck law of quantum mechanics precludes the atoms in nanostructures from fluctuating in temperature. Radiation at the nanoscale is proposed modified to conserve heat by creating EM radiation instead of temperature


Infectious diseases caused by airborne bacteria and viruses are a major problem for both social and economic reasons. The significance of this phenomenon is particularly noticeable during the time of the coronavirus pandemic. One of the consequences is the increased interest in the air purifier (AP) market, which resulted in a significant increase in sales of these devices. In this study, we tested the efficiency of APs in removing bacterial air contamination in the educational context in the Upper Silesia region of Poland during the "cold season" of 2018/2019. During the 6 months of measuring microbiological air quality, an 18% decrease in the concentration of microbiological pollutants as a result of the action of the APs was recorded. Additionally, the results of the particle size distribution of the bacterial aerosols showed a reduction in the share of the respirable fraction (particles with an aerodynamic diameter below 3.3 µm) by an average of 20%. The dominance of gram-positive cocci in the indoor environment indicates that humans are the main source of most of the bacteria present in the building. We conclude that the use of APs may significantly decrease the level of concentration of microbiological air pollutants and reduce the negative health effects of indoor bioaerosols; however, further work that documents this phenomenon is needed.


This paper assesses the condition of a 45 years old precast reinforced concrete multistorey building and proposes innovative repair techniques for extending its service life. The residential building investigated consists of six floors, and each floor consists of 4 apartments with a total floor area of 900 m2. Initially, visual inspection was conducted to identify the extent of deterioration in all parts of the building, followed by field non-destructive and destructive tests to determine the root causes of the damage. Moreover, analytical tools such as ETABS and SAFE design softwares were used by applying the same loading assumptions and material properties given by the designer, to check the compliance of the building with the safety requirements specified in ACI 318-14/SBC 304-18 building codes. The field and laboratory checks confirmed the occurrence of considerable degree of deterioration in some elements of the building due to reinforcement corrosion, alkali silica reaction (ASR), salt–scaling and leaching. The analytical checks revealed excessive deflections, due to a design error. Several advanced repair techniques including carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheets (CFRP), and steel jackets were implemented to restore the structural load carrying capacity of the columns and beams that suffered extensive deterioration. The excessive deflections were reduced below the code limit by supporting the deflected slabs using wide flanged I-section steel beams. Moreover, the Repair strategy proposed included, removal of the deteriorated concrete, coating the exposed steel bars with a protective anti-corrosive coating, and cathodic protection of the steel bars followed by injecting high strength cementitious grout.


The mode of thinking is the method of human knowing the object and self-knowing and it is also the realizing form by way of human thought. The value of Lu Xun's-thoughts not only lie in their extensive and profound thinking content, but in the fact that he supplied a mode of thinking with modern quality for China's thinking history. Lu Xun's cultural choice includes two processes of value judgement and value reconstructure. Inevitably this fact determines that it is not a pure theoretical analyzing process, but that of thinking practice. "Sticking to the present" becomes the main tense of Lu Xun's thinking logic, and he tried to take this kind of practicality principle as the common social value guidance and thinking routes. Thus, practice becomes the most important consisting factor of Lu Xun's logical system of the dialectual thinking and the ultimate motion aim. He fighted with his contemporary people's thoughts, which originated not only from the differences of the mode of thinking, but also from the differences of the mode of thinking.


:MANETs are one the cutting-edgeevolving wireless technologies. The routing in mobile ad hoc networksplays a vital role and has been researchedwide-range in last decade. The routing protocols are classified as proactive,reactive and hybrid. Reactive routing protocols are considered for its advantages compared to others. In this paper, reactive routing protocols, Ad Hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) protocol, Dynamic Source Routing protocol (DSR), Location Aided Routing protocol have been selected to analyze the performance and compare the routing protocols by varying Network size and Mobility speed to various levels. The performance metrics analyzed were Average Throughput, Average End-to-End Delay, Average Jitter, Energy Consumed in Transmit Mode, Energy Consumed in Receive Mode. The simulations were carried on Exata 5.4 simulator. The analysis of the routing protocols for the configuration setting is presented at the conclusion.


The author writes that state tax revenue from January through March 2003 grew only 1.4 percent above the previous year's revenue for the quarter. The slight growth is the result of enacted tax increases. Personal Income tax revenue was down by 3.1 percent.


The review article outlines modern aspects of the nomenclature, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of tenosynovial giant cell tumor of the tendon sheath. This is the second most common benign neoplasm of the hand. Non-radical surgical treatment of this disease leads to a large number of recurrence. To avoid tumor recurrence, surgeon must to have the basics of plastic reconstructive surgery, use delicate instruments and optical magnification. In some cases, adjuvant radiation therapy and administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors may be required.


The drawn of a post-antibiotic era is almost upon us. New challenges for the control of diseases caused by pathogenic microbes to our present day antibiotics and reemergence of devastating diseases such as pyoderma (literally means pus in the skin and refers to bacterial infections of the skin) leads one to conclude that new strategies to combat these disease causing microorganisms must be developed with great deal of urgency. Previous work by the medicinal chemists had led to a number of drugs related uses being found for benzoxazinone class of heterocyclic compounds. The family of benzoxazinones was found promising as antifungal and antibacterial agents. Benzoxazinone derivatives are used as antiphlogistic drugs. They have also shown antielastase properties. Recently this class of compounds reported to show a strong dual inhibitory effect on human neutrophil elastase release. Fenton et al. have described plasma lipid altering characteristics of a series of substituted 4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one as high density lipoprotein elevators for the treatment of patients suffering from hyperlipoproteinemia and associated diseases. Beside of their Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 2-Aryl-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones


Formulation of the problem. The problem of using large neural networks with complex architectures on modern devices is considered. They work well, but sometimes their speed is unacceptably low and the amount of memory required to place them on the device is not always available. Briefly describes how to solve these problems by using pruning and quantization. It is proposed to consider an unconventional type of neural networks that can meet the requirements for the occupied memory space, speed and quality of work and describe approaches to training this type of networks. The aim of the work is to describe modern approaches to reducing the size of neural networks with minimal loss of the quality of their work and to propose an alternative type of networks of small size and high accuracy. Results. The proposed type of neural network has a large number of advantages in terms of the size and flexibility of layer settings. By varying the parameters of the layers, you can control the size, speed and quality of the network. However, the greater accuracy, the greater the memory volume. To train such a small network, it is proposed to use specific techniques that allow learning complex dependencies based on a more complex and voluminous network. As a result of this learning procedure, it is assumed that only a small network is used, which can then be placed on low-power devices with a small amount of memory. Practical significance. The described methods allow the use techniques to reduce the size of networks with minimal loss of quality of their work. The proposed architecture makes it possible to train simpler networks without using their size reduction techniques. These networks can work with various data, be it pictures, text, or other information encoded in a numerical vector.


The pair of screw rotors is a key element of a twin-screw compressor, and rotor tooth modification has gradually received attention because it can reduce operating compressor noise. Current rotor machining references are mainly related to forming tool design or abrasion of the "horizontal" grinder, but little attention has been paid to form grinding using a "vertical" grinder and simulating the machining flexibility of each grinder axis. Therefore, this paper established a general coordinate system for the screw rotor form grinding and connected it to a vertical five-axis computerized numerical control form grinder to simulate rotor grinding and tooth modification. Further, the influence of a form grinding wheel contour designed by different declination angles of a rotor tooth profile on a grinding rotor tooth and the influence of the motion parameter of each axis on the machining precision of the rotor and the tooth shape are proposed in this paper.


Raytheon has demonstrated 0.25µm GaN MISHEMTs fabricated on 200mm diameter, 725µm thick, high resistance Si substrates. The GaN epitaxial layers were grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), by IQE, the leading commercial GaN epi vendor. The wafers display low wafer bow (≤23µm) and excellent mobility (1,600 cm 2 /V*s). The wafers were fabricated at Novati Technologies, a commercial CMOS foundry, using a fully subtractive, Au-free, Si-like fabrication approach.


Flower-like ZnO nanostructure of novel morphologies has been fabricated by a simple wet colloid chemical method. A two-step wet chemical process has been used to prepare ZnO nanoflower on glass substrates using zinc acetate dihydrate [Zn(CH3COO)22H2O] at room temperature. Growth structure of the nanoflowers has been investigated by SEM. UV-Vis absorption spectrum shows an absorption band at 355 nm due to nanosize ZnO. Photoluminescence spectrum exhibits two emission peaks – one at 351 nm corresponding to band gap excitonic emission and another located at 470 nm due to the presence of ionized oxygen vacancies.


Latin American governments have to address an extremely difficult challenge to develop a model of science impacting that will optimally contribute to economic growth and social development with the best use of insufficient resources for research, taking into account the specific nature of the problems of social and economic underdevelopment in individual countries. To understand today's issues of economic and social development, it is important to trace the development of science and technology in a historical perspective. The paper presents the development of science policy and technology & innovation policy up to the end of the last century, with a special focus on the second half of the twentieth century, when scientific thought was intensified, even if not all plans for its implementation could have been implemented. Especially the occurrences of the last two decades of the last century: the debt crisis and the subsequent adoption of neo-liberalism were crucial for the further development of science policy. While analyzing Latin American thought on science, technology and innovation, the works of the most important researchers from the region were considered and the impact of international organizations and national institutions on the development of endogenous science policy was investigated.


The flow of Reiner-Rivlin fluids in the entrance region of a channel has been studied accounting for the loss of energy due to viscous dissipation in the boundary layer. Analytical expressions for the pressure drop and the distance at which a given boundary layer thickness is attained have been obtained. Various particular cases have also been discussed.


NO is involved in the regulation of immune responses. The role of NO in the pathogenesis of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is controversial. In this study, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), an NO donor, was administered to Lewis rats on days 5–7 postimmunization, i.e., during the incipient phase of EAE. SIN-1 reduced clinical signs of EAE compared with those in PBS-treated control rats and was accompanied by reduced ED1+ macrophages and CD4+ T cell infiltration within the CNS. Blood mononuclear cells (MNC) obtained on day 14 postimmunization revealed that SIN-1 administration enhanced NO and IFN-γ production by blood MNC and suppressed Ag- and mitogen-induced proliferative responses. MHC class II, B7-1 and B7-2 were down-regulated in SIN-1-treated EAE rats. Simultaneously, frequencies of apoptotic cells among blood MNC were increased. In vivo, SIN-1 is likely to behave as an NO donor. Administration of SIN-1 induced NO production, but did not affect superoxide and peroxynitrite formation. Enhanced NO production during the priming phase of EAE thus promotes apoptosis, down-regulates disease-promoting immune reactivities, and ameliorates clinical EAE, mainly through SIN-1-derived NO, without depending on NO synthase.


This article aims to optimize the synthesis parameters and to establish the appropriate value of pressure for the design of polyurethane/hydroxyapatite organic matrix composites with an enhanced thermal and chemical stability. Strong interactions between Ca2+ ions and COO− groups are favoured at 60 atm. For the first time, the potential of polyurethane/hydroxyapatite material to be used as synthetic scaffold for bone cancer diagnosis was tested. The ability of polyurethane/hydroxyapatite coatings to be used as substrates for N2a cells attachment was studied using inverted optical microscopy. N2a cells presented a high birefringence and projected small prolongations of the soma comparable to control conditions, thus indicating the healthy state of the cells seeded on the composite substrates, especially in the case of composites prepared at 60–80 atm.


In their clinical work of co-therapy with couples, the Authors have had the possibility of reflecting on a situation during which they dealt with an Italian patient and his foreign wife. At the end of treatment interrupted by the patients themselves, they questioned in what way the different cultural organisation could have influenced the result of their therapy. They wondered if they had not sufficiently taken into account the different social and cultural background (factors) of their patients, and in what way they were not able to contain those aspects (not similar to their culture)


In Listeria monocytogenes the promoter region of the svpA‐srtB locus contains a well‐conserved Fur box. We characterized the iron‐regulation of this locus: real‐time polymerase chain reaction analyses and anti‐SvpA immunoblots showed that, in response to iron deprivation svpA transcription and SvpA production markedly increased (80‐fold and 10‐fold respectively), when initiated by either the addition of the iron chelator 2,2′‐bipyridyl to BHI media, or by growth in iron‐restricted minimal media. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter constructs also showed increased activity of the svpA‐srtB promoter in Escherichia coli (37‐fold) and in L. monocytogenes (two‐ to threefold) when the bacteria were grown in iron‐deficient conditions. A Δfur mutant of L. monocytogenes constitutively synthesized SvpA, as well as GFP fused to the svpA‐srtB promoter. Cellular fractionation data revealed that in iron‐rich media wild‐type SvpA was exclusively secreted to the culture supernatant. However, both the Δfur derivative and wild‐type L. monocytogenes grown in iron‐deficient media anchored a fraction of the SvpA proteins (∼5%) to peptidoglycan, and produced a lower‐molecular weight, wholly secreted form of SvpA. Together these data establish that iron availability controls transcription of the svpA‐srtB locus (through Fur‐mediated regulation), and attachment of SvpA to the cell wall (through SrtB‐mediated covalent linkage). SvpA bears homology to IsdC, a haemin‐binding protein of Staphylococcus aureus, and haemin bound to SvpA in solution. However, site‐directed deletions of four structural genes and the promoter of the svpA‐srtB locus did not impair haemin, haemoglobin or ferrichrome utilization in nutrition tests. We did not find strong evidence to support the notion that the svpA‐srtB locus participates in haemin acquisition, as was reported for the homologous isd operon of S. aureus. Furthermore, the svpA‐srtB mutant strains showed no significant attenuation of virulence in an intravenous mouse model system, but we found that the mutations reduced the persistence of L. monocytogenes in murine liver, spleen and intestines after oral administration.


The fiber-optic acoustic emission(AE)sensor is a new kind of AE sensor,which integrated the technologies of optics,acoustics and electronics.The principle,the property,as well as the latest development of fiber-optic AE sensor,were introduced.The practical applications of different sensors in various fields were illustrated.The present problems,development trend and prospect of fiber-optic AE sensor were also put forward.


It is the most common phenomenon that reinforced concrete structures suffer premature deterioration from chloride induced reinforc-ing corrosion in chloride salt environment.The method of applying cathodic polarization to prevent corrosion of newly-built reinforced concrete structure is called cathodic prevention.It mainly introduces the difference between canthodic protection and cathodic prevention,and preliminarily studies protection criterion of cathodic prevention and service life of protection system,which provide references for the reasonable application of cathodic protection for reinforced concrete.


It is shown that Krakowski's relevation transform generates the nonhomogeneous Poisson process in an analogous fashion to the way in which Stieltjes convolution generates the renewal process. Properties of failure rates and of inter‐failure times are discussed and an application to warranty analysis is described.


The optimum extractive conditions of bacteriostasis from Liriodendron chinense were studied by orthogonal experi-ment,then the bacteriostatic activity of Liriodendron chinense extracts and the effects of temperature,time,pH value on it were studied by cylinder plate method.The results showed the optimum extractive conditions of bacteriostasis from Lirioden-dron chinense were solvent for n-butanol,extracting-temperature for 40℃,ratio of solid to liquid for 1∶10,extracting time for 2h.The substance extracted showed some antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus subtilis and Es-cherichia coli,the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) was 0.031 3,0.062 5,0.062 5 mg.mL-1,and minimum bactericidal concentrations(MBC) was 0.062 5,0.125 0,0.062 5 mg.mL-1 respectively.The antibacterial effects was best at pH 4~5.The antibacterial activity of Liriodendron chinense extracts was stable under heating,The optimum antibacterial time was 12h.


To investigate the advantage of using arthroscope for the diagnosis and treatment of pigmented villonodular synovitis(PVS). Methods Eleven cases of PVS treated from May 1989 to May 1998 were reviewed. Ten lesions occurred in the knee and one in the ankle joint. The typical symptoms of PVS included swelling, joint effusion, pain and mild limitation of movements of the involved joints. In some cases, old bloody fluid was evacuated on joint puncture and degenerative signs could be seen on -ray films. Arthroscopy can reveal the specific intra-articular changes and simultaneously biopsy could be performed to confirm the diagnosis. Based on the anthroscopic observations PVS was classified as follows: 1. Diffusion types. a) diffuse short villi; b) diffuse long villi. 2. Nodular types. a) solitary nodular type; b) diffuse nodular type. 3. Diffuse and mixed types. Intra-articular excision under arthroscope with a combined application of the routine intrusments and Ho-laser was performed on all these 11 cases. Results All cases were followed-up and recovered quickly with no recurrence. Conclusion Diagnosis of PVS with arthroscope shows great advantages. The Ho-laser combined with the use of routine intrumentation is better than the conventional open transarticular approach.


Purpose
This paper aims to evaluate the efficiency and mechanism of three kinds of expired nitroimidazole antibiotics as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1M HCl.

Design/methodology/approach
Evaluation was carried out by weight loss and electrochemical techniques. The surface morphology and the composition of the elements of adsorption layer are studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer.

Findings
The experimental results reveal that the maximum value of inhibition efficiency appear at an extreme point of concentration with the increase of concentration of the inhibitors. Ornidazole has better corrosion inhibition than metronidazole but not as tinidazole. The inhibitors all act as cathodic type corrosion inhibitor. The adsorption of ornidazole, metronidazole and tinidazole on mild steel obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm and belongs to chemisorption of electron donating. Combined with the molecular structure of the corrosion inhibitor and the experimental structure, the authors propose a detailed mechanism analysis.

Originality/value
The expired nitroimidazole antibiotics as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution is first studied. It provides a way to deal with expired drugs, thereby reducing environmental pollution. The study explored the inhibition mechanism affecting by comparison different structure of three kinds of expired nitroimidazole antibiotics molecular, providing theoretical support for the preparation of the new inhibitor.


Received: December 13, 2019 Revised: December 23, 2019 Accepted: December 23, 2019 In the applications of rock mechanics or rock engineering including drill and blast, drilling and mechanical excavation, the fracture toughness is an important factor. Several methods have been proposed to measure the fracture toughness of rocks. In this study, wedge splitting test specimen which is prepared with ease and tested under compression loading was used to obtain mode I fracture toughness of rocks. The equation of stress intensity factor through numerical analysis is proposed from the stress state of crack tip considering both vertical and horizontal loads due to the vertical load acting on the wedge. The validity of the wedge splitting test method was confirmed by comparing the mode I fracture toughness values obtained by the GD and SENB test specimens.


Two key challenges associated with fusion of information in large-scale systems are the asynchronous nature of information flow and the consistency requirements associated with decentralized processing. This paper provides contributions in both these areas. First, we build on an existing minimum variance estimation algorithm for out-of-sequence processing of sensor measurements, extending the algorithm to handle multiple lags and multiple dynamic models. We study the performance of the algorithms with numerical examples. Second, we establish a connection between the maximum entropy of a partially known multivariable Gaussian distribution and a particular Bayesian network, whose structure is based on the available information. The connection leads to a useful methodology for identifying missing information in systems described by Bayesian networks, a key tool in developing algorithms for information flow in decentralized systems.


longer axial length (.24.0 mm) (Fig. 1). This aspect is probably due to 1) a smaller anterior chamber in shorter eyes that is related to a longer surgical time (even if the anterior chamber becomes deeper after cataract surgery) and/ or 2) a possible alteration when shallowing the anterior chamber to facilitate the unfolding of the donor tissue. We believe that this correlation could decrease with time and experience. In the reported study, the learning surgeons did not perform the "full surgery" but only some steps, probably with a potential reduction of surgical time. When the anterior chamber depth is narrow, it is generally believed that unfolding of the graft would be easier. However, endothelial cells are irreversibly damaged if the endothelial graft is barely inserted into the anterior chamber and thus pushed back by the aqueous pressure and stuck between the corneoscleral incision or a paracentesis. Therefore, we recommend that new DMEK surgeons give more attention to the shorter eyes. Once the graft is completely inserted, manipulation within the anterior chamber is similar to those eyes with a deep anterior chamber, but the time could be longer during the learning curve. This study thus highlights the importance of the axial length and its correlation with ECL. It further determines the significance of the function of each cell, rather than the total number of cells, that is important for maintaining the cornea transparent.


The three-dimensional perspective along product, process, and supply chain, of any organization is essential for providing a holistic perspective for mapping business competency. Organizational bus ...


In this exploratory comparative study of Toyota/GM and Canon/Xerox, the author purports to explain why the 10-year performance of Toyota and Canon, despite their traditional Japanese primacy on job security, large board size and absence of non-executive directors, is superior to that of their US rivals. The author compares the key stakeholder and the board structure as well as corporate values, culture and strategy of the sample firms and concludes that higher performance is possible without resorting to US-style corporate governance, and proposes that corporate values, culture and strategy are equally vital ingredients of corporate success.


Methods are provided for administering compositions for topical dermatological treatment and resolution of skin cancer lesions in humans and domestic animals, including especially light skinned individuals of equine, bovine, porcine, canine and other species susceptible to developing skin cancer. The compositions used to treat and resolve the skin cancer lesions generally comprise complexation of peptone digests of various proteins with copper(II) salts, indium(III) salts, tin(II) salts, and tin(IV) salts. These compositions adhere tightly to the lesion surface, strongly resist enzymatic breakdown by the cancerous tissue, and possess very strong tissue remodeling actions. Inventors: Pickart; Loren R. (Bellevue, WA), Pickart; Francoise D. (Bellevue, WA) Applicant: Name City State Country Type Pickart; Loren R. Pickart; Francoise D. Bellevue Bellevue WA WA US US Assignee: Skin Biology, Inc. (Bellevue, WA) Family ID: 58163431 Appl. No.: 13/445,782 Filed: April 12, 2012 Related U.S. Patent Documents Application Number Filing Date Patent Number Issue Date 61474670 Apr 12, 2011 Current U.S. Class: 1/1 Current CPC Class: C07K 4/12 (20130101); Y10S 514/887 (20130101) Current International Class: C07K 4/12 (20060101) References Cited [Referenced By] U.S. Patent Documents 5164367 November 1992 Pickart 5382431 January 1995 Pickart 5554375 September 1996 Pickart 5888522 March 1999 Pickart 5902786 May 1999 Bregman 6858201 February 2005 Pickart 2002/0107184 August 2002 Hirschman


ABSTRACT During the antebellum period, incipient ceramic industries scattered across South Carolina's agricultural landscape. In the Edgefield district, a number of family-owned kilns contracted enslaved laborers from nearby plantations to mass-produce new stoneware forms for sale throughout the Southeast. Drawing from archival and archaeological findings from the Pottersville site, this article examines these regional potteries at various scales, moving from a panoramic exploration of the manufacturing landscape to microscopic fluctuations in ceramic style. Combining morphometric ceramic analyses with architectural, ecological, and contextual data, I illustrate the how industry and artistry convened in the ordinary aesthetics of African-American life. At various frequencies, material engagements with stoneware created a shifting spectrum of embodied experiences. The ubiquity of stoneware became a plastic medium for potters and their wares to express a kaleidoscope of dissonant feelings, desires, and aspirations in the midst of racial subjugation.


This diploma project reclaims a soon-to-be expendable coal power plant in the heart of Helsinki and proposes a reuse idea for facilitating a multidisciplinary museum for Finnish visual arts, with an emphasis on spaces for learning and cultural growth.


To implement clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), it is necessary for psychiatrists to deepen their understanding of the CPGs. The Effectiveness of Guidelines for Dissemination and Education in Psychiatric Treatment (EGUIDE) project is a nationwide dissemination and implementation study of two sets of CPGs for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD).


This article examines the importance of human resources in the New Public Management (NPM) paradigm as it is being applied in Tanzania.  At a time when public sector organizations in developing countries need to be able to attract talented people into public service, their ability to do so is constrained by systemic, technical and socio-political factors. This article analyzes recruitment and selection procedures for the Tanzanian public service. Using the strategic Human Resources Management (HRM) as a guide, the article explores key issues in the recruitment and selection function.  The article delineates the pluses, minuses and ensuing dilemmas and challenges facing human resource practitioners in Tanzania's public service management. Moreover, it points out major transferable lessons from Tanzania's public service staffing practices, which are relevant to other organizations and HRM practitioners. Furthermore, in light of empirical study findings, areas of concern are highlighted including recruitment and selection, which Tanzania's public service needs to improve.


About seven percent of the world's land surface is affected by salinity and sodicity. It is estimated that 20 million hectares of additional land is rendered to zero or negative productivity each year. In irrigated areas, drainage, leaching and soil-amendments are used to reclaim these soils. This traditional approach to ameliorating salt-affected soils is difficult and expensive. The alternative way is the biological approach, which involves selection and planting of salttolerant plants for fodder, fuelwood and/or timber production. Salt-tolerant plants have the potential to ameliorate salt-lands and can be grown using poorquality water. The most appropriate use for saline/sodic wastelands is the production of high-yielding fuel-wood, fodder and timber species. Economic use of salt-affected wastelands for agricultural purposes has special reference to Pakistan, which has about 5.8 million hectares of salt affected land. At present, it experiences huge recurring losses in terms of limited productivity. Much of these salt-affected lands are suitable for plantation forestry and could be used to help increase supplies of fuel-wood and industrial wood, not available in sufficient quantities to meet the current demand. Tree-based land-management strategies can contribute significantly to both productive uses of saltaffected lands and minimizing the spread of salinity. Suitable technologies have been developed for productive use of these lands through afforestation, using physical, chemical and biological, methods. Recently, a new technique, commonly called auger hole method, has been developed in India, which can be used with great success for afforestation of saline and sodic soils. In this paper, a review of the work done in different parts of the world for rehabilitation of salt-affected wasteland is given.


dementia amongst the aging population. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), currently there are more than 55 million people (8.1 % of women and 5.4% of men over 65 years) living with dementia. Globally, there are more women with AD than men and this pattern is expected to continue. Therefore, studies looking at the underlying mechanisms of sex differences in AD may be instrumental in developing custom-tailored strategies for early detection, prevention and treatment of AD.


Abstract SARS disproportionately affects healthcare providers. A physician survey was administered within three hospitals providing care to SARS patients. Knowing a colleague who contracted SARS and previous occupational exposure to infectious agents were significantly predictive of greater perceived risk, whereas perceived effectiveness of precautions and provision of direct care were not.


ABSTRACT A group of five, related captive born juvenile Galapagos tortoises, Geochelone nigra, presented with cervical neck swellings (6 – 20 cm) of greater than one year of duration. Thyroid hormones, plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were normal range or slightly elevated. Surgical biopsy and histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation of the masses revealed thymic hyperplasia. Thymic hyperplasia should be included as a differential diagnosis, in addition to goiter, for neck swelling in tortoises.


Analysis of the determinants of economic growth in the region is very important
to do as the main basis for the formulation of regional economic development policy.
Determinants of regional economic growth affect each other mutually, so be aware of
how much influence each of these factors in determining local economic growth. One of
the determinants of regional economic growth is infrastructure, because of the presence
of good infrastructure is expected to stimulate the business will invest in direct
investments so as to enhance growth.
The purpose of this research is to study and analyze, infrastructure linkages
with other sectors of the economy, power index and the degree of sensitivity of
infrastructure deployment, infrastructure generated multiplier effects on other sectors of
the economy, the elasticity of output to final demand infrastructure and the effect of
infrastructure investment on economic growth in the province Central Sulawesi. The data
used in this study is the input-output table of Central Sulawesi in 2005 and as
representing the infrastructure sector is the electricity, water and construction in the
classification of 50 sectors and in the classification of 9 sectors that represent the
infrastructure sector is the electricity, gas and water supply and construction/building.
Analysis tools are used to analyze the role of infrastructure in the economy is the inputoutput
model.
The results of this study are categories of infrastructure sectors have a high
backward linkages with other sectors of the economy of Central Sulawesi, while the
category of infrastructure sectors which have a high forward linkages with other sectors
of the electricity sector only. All sectors of the infrastructure category has spread power
index value greater than one, while the index value of the degree of sensitivity of these
sectors only power sector infrastructure category that has more value than one. Category
of infrastructure sector has a multiplier value of output and income are the biggest sector
of construction/building, while the value of the largest employment multiplier in the
sector of infrastructure categories based classification 9 sectors are electricity, gas and
water supply all sectors of the infrastructure categories have the output elasticity is
greater than one or elastic, but only the water sector which has a value of the output
elasticity is less than one. Impact of investment in infrastructure category on output,
income and employment have a positive impact on the economy and if the investment
funds were allocated only to one category of infrastructure sectors, the
construction/building that provides the greatest impact on output, income and
employment


This article explores the political significance of Cormac McCarthy's The Road (2006), particularly in terms of its association with 9/11 and the idea of Manifest Destiny. Although modified in various ways from its original form from the nineteenth-century Manifest Destiny, the concept has remained as the basis of twentieth-century American international politics until 9/11, when its validity as well as righteousness has been seriously challenged. The Road depicts a post-9/11 world, where various elements associated with Manifest Destiny have become undermined or even null. McCarthy represents the nation as a ruined and claustrophobic space, in which the boundary of 'frontier' disappears and thus the impulse to expand the frontier is either lost or turned inward. In this situation, all Americans in the novel turn from explorers to bums: as descendants of frontier spirit, they show a constant gesture of moving on the road, but this action is completely meaningless and without purpose. By analyzing these elements as a degraded version of Manifest Destiny, this article aims to go beyond the general sentiment about The Road as a psychological reaction of trauma and terror after 9/11, and tries to illuminate it as a political statement to revisit the nation's old ideal.


The objective of the empirical study is to examine and to analyze the influence of employee stock option program (ESOP) and auditor quality on earnings informativeness proxied by earnings response coefficients on companies that adopted ESOP listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange at year 2013-2017. This research uses moderating variables managerial ownership and uses control variables company size, default risk and industry type. Data for this research were obtained by Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD), the Indonesia Stock Exchange website, the company's annual report, and stock price data from Yahoo Finance. Sample that used in this research were 18 go public companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and adopted ESOP in 2013-2017. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling method. This research uses moderation regression analysis.  The results showed that employee stock option programs and auditor quality had a positive and significant influence to earnings informativeness. The test results in the moderating variable that managerial ownership cannot strengthen the relation between employee stock option program and earnings informativeness, while managerial ownership can strengthen the relation between auditor quality and earnings informativeness. Company size and default risk as control variables have a positive but not significant effect to earnings informativeness, while industry types have a positive and significant influence to earnings informativeness.


Global warming has obtained more and more attention because the global mean Land surface temperature has increased since the late 19th century. Land surface temperature is a significant parameter in urban environmental analysis. Production of anthropogenic heat for cooling systems, lighting and etc. led to have serious impacts on the thermal environmental quality such as quality of the air, increase in temperature, energy consumption and finally the formation of urban heat island. Increased urban population and increase in the height of buildings, particularly in metropolitan areas, have led to vast changes in the urban geometry, amount of released heat, pollution rate, and meteorological parameters. All these factors contribute to the occurrence of heat island phenomenon in urban areas. his study combines the techniques of simulation and geographic information system to detect the spatial variation of Land surface temperature and determine its quantitative relationship with building height and density based on simulation modeling for the Narmak neighborhood of Tehran. For this purpose, data related to Haft Hoz Square located in the Narmak neighborhood were obtained, simulated and analyzed using Envi-met. Results indicate that comparison on the simulation between the existing conditions and proposed scenario area showed that the daily average air temperature differed by 1.38 °C. This increase in the building height will possibly increase land surface temperature and lead increase intensity of urban heat in the study area.


Purpose. In modern society, issues of preserving cultural heritage are of constant relevance. This is due to the ongoing struggle for the realization of the interests of a large number of agents. The participants in this process are executive authorities, academic institutions, commercial organizations and economic entities. The interests of each agent are in their own plane whose extreme points intersect with the planes of other agents. Consequently, all parties involved in preserving cultural heritage have points of convergence of their interests. In order to arrange preservation of cultural heritage as a common project, it is necessary to develop communication at the points of convergence of the interests. For this purpose, the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of SB RAS conducted a methodological seminar on March 4–5, 2019, that brought together archaeologists from Western and Eastern Siberia and the Far East. The workshop was attended by representatives of institutions of the Russian Academy of Sciences and executive authorities, as well as practicing archaeologists and experts. The extensive geography of the participants and the opportunity to communicate "at the same table" allowed us to openly discuss topical issues.
Results. The main topics of discussion were changes in the federal legislation related to the preservation of cultural heritage. The main issue here is enormous complexity of its adequate and full application at the local level. However, in some cases, efforts of regional executive bodies help to solve these problems quite effectively. The other side of the issue is preparation of proposals for a change in the regulatory documents governing such areas of the economy as forestry and subsoil use. The issue of systematizing information on cultural heritage sites, which is currently accumulated in various institutions, has acquired particular relevance. This is due to its colossal scale and increased interest in the results of analytical studies of the laws addressing spatial location of archaeological sites.
Conclusion. The outcome of the seminar was its resolution presented in this paper. The paragraphs of the resolution reflect the main conclusions and proposed solutions that were agreed by various specialists during the general discussion. This event, as a platform for communication, is extremely important for establishing a common position of the scientific archaeological community.


The colorability of wood veneers was evaluated with a natural dye that had been extracted using four different organic liquids. The solvent with the optimal dye effect was selected by measuring their total color difference. In addition, the dyeing mechanism, color fastness of water, and thermal stability of the dyed samples with the optimal dye effect were also investigated. The results showed that the absolute ethanol extraction can obtain dyed samples with a maximum total color difference accompanied with a satisfactory color fastness of water. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses suggested that only physical absorption occurred between the natural dyestuff and wood tissues, and the distribution form of natural dyestuffs was akin to the membrane covering the wood vessel wall, wood fiber lumens, ray cells, etc. Moreover, thermogravimetric (TG) results revealed that the residue of the dyed samples was more than that of the untreated samples, which indicated that the thermal stability of wood veneers can be improved after the dyeing process.


Objectives. To optimize the absorbed organ dose in relation to the field of view for temporomandibular joint examinations in four cone beam computed tomography devices. Methods. An anthropomorphic adult head and neck phantom, and 192 LiF dosimeters (TLD-100) were used. The dosimeters were placed in the region corresponding to the lens, parotid glands, submandibular glands, and thyroid. Small, medium and large FOVs were selected on Orthopantomograph OP300 Maxio, PaX-i3D Smart, ORTHOPHOS XG, and i-CAT Next Generation device when it was possible. Results. A wide range of absorbed dose values was recorded for all organs due to the different exposure parameters of each device. The radiosensitive organ with the highest dose was the parotid glands. The devices with 5 × 5 cm FOV recorded a lower dose in this protocol, while for the device without a small FOV (≤5 × 5 cm), the lowest dose was observed with the large FOV (6 × 16 cm). Conclusions. We recommend a double exposure with an FOV of 5 × 5 cm in the OP300 Maxio, PaX-i3D Smart, and ORTHOPHOS XG device, while in the i-CAT Next Generation device, a single exposure FOV of 6 × 16 cm is indicated.


The world is improving day by day. But besides this improvement, pure drinking water and fossil energy reduce at a significant rate. Access to basic drinking water and energy is a daily struggle for billions of people around the world. Bangladesh is one of these counties where power and accessible pure water are one of the prime concerns which rising worse in recent days mostly in the rural and coastal regions. Salinity at the coastal areas increases at an alarming rate due to climate change. Desalination facilities are consuming a large amount of energy from conventional power sources and its very expensive. To bring the cost down at an economically sustainable level, renewable energy can be considered which is the best way for alternative power sources for freshwater production. In this paper, Chittagong is chosen for the water purification system. Because this region has the highest lack of access to fresh drinking water and vulnerable to climate change. The average total dissolved solids (TDS) of water are range from 3000 to 7000 mg/L in this region which is much higher from the WHO (World Health Organization) standard of fresh drinkable water (TDS < 1000 mg/L). This research primarily focuses on supplying drinking water according to the WHO standard and also providing basic energy by a standalone solar system. This system is simulated using HOMER and WinFlows software and found that the cost of purification water reduces to .00191 per liter.


Radiation distribution and protection in a surgical theatre
The duty of a radiographer in theatre is to be prudent to minimise radiation exposure whenever possible and thus to apply the 'As-Low-As-Reasonably Achievable' (ALARA) principle to ensure the lowest possible radiation dose to the patient and staff. The aim of the study is to determine low-dose radiation working areas in theatres and to propose protocols during fluoroscopy to apply the ALARA principle.


Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta is the major university which has a great vision to be world class university. To reach that dream the leader should know how stakeholders look at the reputation of his organization to identify the effectiveness of corporate communication. He also has to know the building block of reputation which the organization has because very good reputation can make competitive advantage for the company than the competitor and bad reputation is dangerous for the organization sustainability.
The aim of this research is measuring reputation of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta (UMS) in the perception of students as internal stakeholders. The researcher was using elements such as quality of service, quality of management, financial soundness, workplace environment, corporate social responsibility, emotional appeal and corporate ethics which suggested by Karakose (2008) to analyze reputation. Data was acquired from quitionaires that was obtained from 392 students of UMS as respondents. Then quantitative descriptive and Kolmogorov Smirnov were being used to analyze the data.
The result of this study show that UMS has good enough reputation. In managerial implication, this research gives suggestion that UMS need to put more attention in dimension quality of service, mainly from tangibility aspect and also dimension of CSR because total mean of it was very low than other dimensions.


The objectives of this study were basically twofold. The first was to validate the civil air navigation requirements for CONUS, CONUS Offshore, Alaska, and Alaska Offshore. A requirements matrix was developed to provide a common basis for defining the requirements across all the geographic areas considered. The second basic objective was to assess the capabilities of Loran-C, Omega, Differential Omega, and VLF communications toward meeting the requirements. Loran-C offers total all-altitude coverage for all geographic regions given existing and proposed chains. The primary drawback is the large area and, hence, number of aircraft affected by single station outage. With suitable redundancy, Loran-C could meet the civil air navigation requirements as a primary or supplementary navigation system in all geographic regions. Omega lacks adequate coverage over CONUS. Therefore, Omega and Differential Omega are candidates only in Alaska, Alaska Offshore and most of CONUS Offshore. Omega, however, does not meet the accuracy requirements for nonprecision approaches or in high density terminal areas, whereas, Differential Omega is expected to.


Poly(γ-methyl L-glutamate) spherical particles having micropores showed higher retention capacity for n-isomers of alcohols (with remarkable temperature dependencies) than for tert-isomers in the aqueous liquid chromatography. No similar temperature dependence was observed for either spherical particles having macropores or alkyl-bonded silica gels.


A 65-year-old man was admitted to a provincial hospital repeatedly over a period of years with a history of weakness, tiredness and progressive anemia. One occasion a bone marrow aspiration was found to contain normal marrow elements. On admission four months later, the patient was pale with pitting edema on both legs. His liver was barely palpable and the spleen was palpable 2 cm below the costal margin. He was anemic and peripheral blood showed anisopoikilocytosis, burr cells, ovalocytes and macrocytosis. The platelet level was very low, with some giant cells. The white blood cell count was normal, with some immature granulocytes. Bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of acute myelofibrosis. The patient had very high levels of serum vitamin B12 and vitamin B12 binding proteins, especially transcobalamin I. After treatment with blood transfusion and prednisolone, his white cell count increased considerably. He died nine days after admission because of bronchopneumonia. This patient is an example of the simultaneous occurrence of acute myelofibrosis and acute promyelocytic leukemia that can terminate as acute myeloblastic or other stem – cell leukemia.


having suddenly gone blind? Rather than panic we should approach each case logically and work out how to do our best to help both patient and owner. Dogs and cats are brought in to see us from time to time with sudden onset blindness as the owner's presenting complaint. In some situations the cause can be obvious rapidly maturing cataracts in an unstable diabetic dog, for example, but some can be more challenging and we shall address the more common causes in the following paragraphs.


Sustainable food production to feed nine to 10 billion people by 2050 is one of the greatest challenges we face in the 21st century. Due to anthropogenic activities, cadmium (Cd) contamination is ubiquitous with deleterious effects on plant and soil microbiota. In the current study, the phytoremediation potential of Sesbania sesban L. was investigated in Cd-spiked soil inoculated with Bacillus anthracis PM21. The Cd-spiked soil drastically reduced important plant attributes; however, inoculation of B. anthracis PM21 significantly (p ≤ 0.05) enhanced root length (17.21%), shoot length (15.35%), fresh weight (37.02%), dry weight (28.37%), chlorophyll a (52.79%), chlorophyll b (48.38%), and total chlorophyll contents (17.65%) at the Cd stress level of 200 mg/kg as compared to the respective control. In addition, bacterial inoculation improved superoxide dismutase (11.98%), peroxidase (12.16%), catalase (25.26%), and relative water content (16.66%) whereas it reduced proline content (16.37%), malondialdehyde content (12.67%), and electrolyte leakage (12.5%). Inoculated plants showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher Cd concentration in the S. sesban root (118.6 mg/kg) and shoot (73.4 mg/kg) with a translocation (0.61) and bioconcentration factor (0.36), at 200 mg/kg Cd. Surface characterization of bacteria through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) predicted the involvement of various functional groups and cell surface morphology in the adsorption of Cd ions. Amplification of the CzcD gene in strain PM21, improved antioxidant activities, and the membrane stability of inoculated S. sesban plants conferred Cd tolerance of strain PM21. In addition, the evaluated bacterial strain B. anthracis PM21 revealed significant plant growth-promoting potential in S. sesban; thus, it can be an effective candidate for phyto-remediation of Cd-polluted soil.


The Council on Scientific Affairs of the California Medical Association presents thefollowing epitomes of progress in psychiatry. Each item, in the judgment of a panel ofknowledgeable physicians, has recently become reasonablyfirmly established, as to both scientific fact and important clinical significance. The items are presented in simple epitome, and an authoritative reference, both to the item itself and to the subject as a whole, is generally given for those who may be unfamiliar with a particular item. The purpose is to assist busy practitioners, students, researchers, and scholars to stay abreast of these items of progress in psychiatry that have recently achieved a substantial degree of authoritative accep-tance, whether in their own field ofspecial interest or another. The items of progress listed below were selected by the Advisory Panel to the Section on Psychiatry ofthe California Medical Association, and the summaries were prepared under the direction of Dr Rosenfeld and the Panel.


Based on the stochastic medium theory,the method of stratum deformation calculating considering time-space effect was studied.Multiple working face could be taken into account in tunnel construction at the same time.Then the time-space rules of the stratum deformation caused by different excavation steps,such as face excavation,back excavation and longitudinal excavation,were discussed.Under the face excavation,the positive curvature and tensile deformation on ground surface were about twice those under the single excavation,and it was harmful to the architecture on the ground surface around the tunnel.The longitudinal distance of different excavation steps should be larger than the influence radius of excavation.The obtained results achievement could provide scientific basis for controlling the stratum deformation caused by tunnel construction and protecting the safety of the buildings and pipelines around the tunnel.


Ever-increasing demand for higher bandwidth and data rate for communication between line replaceable units in an aircraft is forcing aircraft manufacturers to turn toward alternative technologies, ...


This paper deals with an assist control on a haptic interface to promote operator's skill based on a new concept of a human-in-the-loop system called human adaptive mechatronics (HAM). HAM is an intelligent machine which adapts to human, improves his/her skill, and enhances total performance of total man-machine system. The proposed assist-control scheme includes online estimation of an operator's control characteristics, and a force-assist function based on a skill-level estimated. This paper discusses how to extract an expert's reference parameters from the response data and how to construct the assist function by stochastic analysis. It was confirmed via an experimental test that beginner's performance was enhanced by the assist-control as much as an expert


Objective To investigate HBV genotype in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients in Gansu province and analyze the relations between the drug resistance treated with analogues (NAs)such as adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) and HBV genotype,drug regimen.Methods Eighty-seven CHB patients were selected in the First Hospital of Lanzhou University from January 2009 to January 2011.According to the application of NAs therapy,patients were divided into treated group and control group.There were 75 patients in treated group,and 12 patients in untreated group(control group).HBsAg,liver function,HBV DNA,HBV genotypes and drug resistance points of both two group patients were detected.Results In all CHB patients,there were 72 cases (82.76%) with genotype C,9 cases (10.34%) with genotype B,5 cases (5.75%) with genotype D,1 case(1.15%) with genotype F.There were 48 cases with drug resistance in treated group,the rate of drug resistance was 64.00%; while 3 cases occurred drug resistance in control group,whose drug resistant rate was 25.00%.There were statistical differences between two groups (x2 =6.487,P < 0.05).18 cases used with ADV single-agent therapy in the treated group,the resistance rate of them was 61.11%.24 cases used with ADVsequential or combined treatment in the treated group,the resistance rate of them was 66.67%.There was no difference between the different medication way (x2 =0.138,P > 0.05).In the ADV treatment group,34 cases were genotype C,whose drug resistance rate was 70.59% ; 5 cases were genotype B,whose drug resistance rate was 60%.There were no differences between the different genotypes (P > 0.05).Conalusions The main HBV genotype in Gansu region is genotype C.ADV treatment of different genotypes of CHB patients may have small impaction on the drug resistance,as well as the medication way.

Key words:
Hepatitis B, chronic; Nucleoside analogues; Adefovir dipivoxil; Drug resistance; Genotype


The research object is the middle part and the refectory overlap of the temple in the honor of the Holy Kosma and Domian Asiysky, located in the village of Ssezzhe of Bogatovsky district of Samara region. At the time of the works, the object was undergoing a large-scale reconstruction. Based on the data of the detailed technical condition survey of the building structures of the temple overlap, the authors made calculations in a physically nonlinear setting, allowing to fully assess the stress-strain state of the monolithic reinforced concrete structure of the middle part and refectory, which is a complex unified system of thin-walled spatial structures of different contours of the middle surfaces. The recommendations on the completion of the overlap construction and its further operation were developed on the basis of the calculations results analysis.


Caoping and Shahewan granite plutons, and Laojunshan and Qinlingliang granite plutons occur on Shangdan suture zone at east and west segments of Qinling orogenic belt, respectively. They emplaced simultaneously at the end of the Triassic when the Qinling orogenic belt had finished its collision and the intraplate deformation commenced. Therefore, the granite plutons had experienced the deformation and recorded the uplifting process in their cooling histories. The~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar dating on hornblendes, biotites and alkali feldspars, combining the multi-domain diffusion modeling on alkali feldspars show that the east and west segments of Qinling orogeny belt experienced much different cooling histories: from the end of Late Triassic to the Early Jurassic, both segments simultaneously cooled down rapidly from 500 ℃; then the east Qinling belt experienced a short stationary period (nearly 20 Ma), and then steadily cooled down again so rapidly that the temperature already dropped down across the isotherm of 150 ℃ (nearly 3~5 km below the surface) at the end of Mid-Jurassic; whereas the west Qinling belt was in a stable status around 300 ℃ for about 100 million years from the Early Jurassic to the Late Cretaceous, and cooled down rapidly to 150 ℃ at the middle of the Late Cretaceous. These different cooling histories may reflect the differential uplifting of Qinling orogeny belt.