Graph processing is becoming ubiquitous due to the proliferation of interconnected data in several domains, including life sciences, social networks, cybersecurity, finance and logistics, to name a few. In parallel with the growth of the underlying graph data sources, a plethora of graph workloads have appeared, ranging from graph analytics to graph traversals and graph pattern matching. Graph systems executing both complex and simple graph workloads need to leverage adequate data structures for efficiently processing heterogeneous graph data. While the underlying graph data structures have been extensively studied for the static case, they are less understood for the dynamic case, with the data undergoing several updates per second. Moreover, the existing solutions suffer lack of generality, as they focus on one specific requirement and workload type at a time. Designing a universal data structure that adapts to several kinds of graph workloads in a dynamic setting and achieves significant efficiency on all of them is far from being trivial.


JU N E 20 15 An estimated 3.7 percent of young people between the ages of 15 to 24 years old are living with HIV in Uganda.1 Young people living with HIV face unique challenges in navigating a wide array of social, health, and developmental challenges as they transition to adulthood. Like all young people, those who live with HIV are starting to learn about their sexuality, often beginning to have intimate relationships or marry. In addition, they confront a myriad of complex issues associated with HIV status disclosure, initiation of and adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), and deeply entrenched HIV-related stigma and discrimination. Young women bear a disproportionate share of this burden. Compared with men in their age cohort, young Ugandan women are more than twice as likely to be living with HIV (4.9 percent versus 2.1 percent).1 SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND RIGHTS AMONG YOUNG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV IN UGANDA: FINDINGS FROM THE LINK UP BASELINE SURVEY


: T ime series data of GNSS point positioning are considerably used for the purpose of geophysical research. The velocity estimates and their uncertainties deriv e from time series data of GNSS point positioning affected by seasonal signals and the stochastic noise, contained in the series. D ata cleaning of GNSS time series is a prerequisite for the noise characterization and analysing. In this article one point positioning of time series was analysed in four different periods during the five year interval. The noise characteristics were estimated for all periods. By applying Lomb - Scargle algorithm the comparable results were also provided. Lomb - Scargle algorithm used to estimate the spectral strength density of unequal sampled data is a typical tool for this kind of analysis. S pectral indices have been estimated before cleaning data and after removing linear, annual and semi - annual signals and outliers. T he spectral indices estimated from time series data of GNSS point positioning were located in the area of fractional Gaussian noises , and stationary stochastic process was described for the whole research time period.


This is a writing about spatial law on Ladia Galaska Case Based on CBD Reviewed : An issue of the world bank role as the financial insurer manager of Leuser Garden. This study try to analyze the status of Ladia Galaska Road based on spatial law and its relation to CBD. With normative juridical approach, this writing handed all the related rules and analyzed them to find the answer of the problem. The result of this writing is that The basic principle of CBD is precautionary principle means not only from economical point of view but also from ecological side in maintaining sustainable development, and the risk assessment if the road is built, so if i t i s done, it won' t gi ve a moment utility to the society. Based on spatial law, Ladia Galaska is against the function of protected forest.anda also the precautionary principle in CBD.


User -centric Web2.0 technologies for digital library development provides an opportunity to not only expand its existing library information services form,will also help us to build for the community's digital library service system,making leave school library services to the community,give full play to its educational functions.


The Photocurable 3D printers are increasingly used due to their high accuracy, rapid prototyping and other advantages, among which the post-processing has become an important part. The existing post-processing equipment and process of 3D printing products mainly meet the functional requirements, while ignoring the human-machine-environment relationship. In this paper, Solid Works was used to build 3D models, and Jack 9.0 software was used to create a simulation environment. The post-processing was simulated and analyzed, the unreasonable design was found, and corresponding improvement suggestions were given based on the simulation results. It was hoped that the 3D printing post-processing equipment and process design could be improved in the future.


The invention discloses a kind of two-way buffer valves, swivel nut including being equipped with valve seat, the valve seat are equipped with A hydraulic fluid port and B hydraulic fluid port, slidably connect spool in the valve seat, it is equipped with the spring for forcing the spool to move to the A hydraulic fluid port in the swivel nut, is equipped with oil back chamber in the swivel nut;Spliced eye is equipped in the spool, the push rod with its clearance fit is slidably connected in the spliced eye, upper and lower ends in the spool in the spliced eye are respectively equipped with the first mounting groove and the second mounting groove, the first steel ball and the second steel ball are respectively equipped in first mounting groove and second mounting groove, it is equipped with plug in first mounting groove, is equipped with screw plug in second mounting groove;It is equipped with the second through flow hole in the screw plug, is equipped with the 4th through flow hole, and the third through flow hole for being connected to the oil back chamber and the spliced eye in the spool;The valve arrangement is simple, rotary buffering valve easy to process, that bidirectional buffering may be implemented.


The present paper describes the occurrence and characteristics of diseases and insect pests of rice viz.,Laodelphax striatellus,rice leaf roller,rice brown plant hopper,borer,rice stripe,rice black-streaked dwarf disease,rice sheath blight,etc.,in Yangzhou City during the recent years,and also the analysis of causes of severe disease and insect pests associated with the variety selection,cultivation practices and climatic conditions.In order to control the se-vere diseases and insect pests of rice in Yangzhou City,it has been suggested that the forecast based studies on insect pests should be strengthened for their timely control.


This paper is directed at the characteristics of parameters more difficult to determine and faults more likely to occur in the mine ventilator system. The back-propagation neural network is applied to ventilator system. Data real-time observation and fault diagnosis for ventilator system are realized by training the neural network using BP algorithm. The paper presents a novel learning linear control mechanism for a class of nonlinear system, which shows less dependence on the model of non-linear control system.


Now days due to energy crisis and harmful effect t o environment, there is more and more urgent need of energy saving in air conditioning and water cool ing demands in mainly consideration of all the free cooling techniques. Among them evaporative cooling is well known technique from long time which gives good res ults and wide number of applications in residential, com mercial, agricultural, and institutional buildings to industrial applications like as spot cooling in power plants, foundries, etc. So in this paper the evaporative co oling, it's potential, and different trends in evaporative cool ing are studied, which are environment friendly as it uses only natural energy as latent heat of water. The efficie ncy and effectiveness of evaporative cooling depend s on surrounding climatic conditions which are studied i n this paper, faster the evaporation rate we gate m aximum cooling effect.


The paper takes the simulation of VARI process of typical plane and surface parts,studies flow channel design of the two kinds of parts using respectively different modeling schemes.The similarities and differences of flow channel design of the two parts are got in order to optimize the injection approach and flow channel design according to structural characteristics of different parts.This research will provide important basis to composite mold design and part manufacture.


The article deals with the linkages between the country's economy and the tourism industry, as well as the extent to which the relevant positive and negative factors impact economic indicators. Special attention is paid to regularities of the most promising directions of the tourism sector development and problems existing in the field of tourism. Based on the analysis of the concept of tourism business development, the authors explore ways to increase the number of tourists coming to the country.


This paper presents the evolution and revolution as important factors of
the constitutional changes in Greek philosophy. It contains an analysis of the
terminology, selected political theories, as well as the necessity and diversity of
changes. It is meant to establish the systemic sources of revolution and answer
the question whether the revolution and evolution factors were essential for
constitutional changes according to the ancients and can those theories still be
considered as valid.


More than 10 years ago, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonists were approved for the treatment of type-2 diabetes (T2D), and I still remember how bewildered I was when the pharmaceutical representative tried to explain the mechanism of action to me. I didn't recall learning about GLP in my physiology classes. Newspapers blared headlines about a "new diabetes drug made from lizard spit" (NBC News, 2005). What? I was intrigued, yet skeptical! Little did I realize at the time that a diabetes treatment revolution was taking place. A little history lesson is in order. With the epidemic of T2D spreading around the world, medical research increasingly focused on the role of insulin sensitivity. In 1987, famed endocrinologist Dr. Ralph DeFronzo, proposed the concept of the "triumvirate," stipulating that T2D resulted from three primary defects: dysfunction of the pancreatic b (beta) cell, reduced glucose uptake by the muscle, and overproduction of glycogen by the liver. The most effective weapon would be metformin, finally approved in 1990, to treat these metabolic defects. While efficacious, metformin turned out not to be a cure. It was almost 20 years later before Dr. DeFronzo published his next landmark paper, "From the Triumvirate to the Ominous Octet," where he proposed that there were not just three pathologic defects, but at least eight core defects involved in the pathogenesis of T2D and its complications (DeFronzo, 2009). He proposed a significant paradigm shift in which the treatment goal was not simply lowering A1C, but rather specifically targeting and reversing these eight pathologic processes. DeFronzo asserted that incretin hormone replacement was the essential component of therapy because it targeted at least five of the eight metabolic defects. From then until today, a treatment revolution has given rise to a flurry of newly developed incretin-based therapies. For those diagnosed, T2D is one of the most challenging and burdensome of all chronic self-managed conditions. Strategies that support medication adherence, such as once-weekly dosing, are directly linked to better glycemic control (Saini, Schoenfeld, Kaulback, & Dubinsky, 2009). Furthermore, recent post-marketing research is demonstrating additional benefits, such as weight loss and improved cardiovascular outcomes. With the myriad of newly approved medications in the GLP-1 class, it is important for the nurse practitioner to understand the similarities and differences between the available options for appropriately matching patient and medication. Reflecting, I recall that it took several discussions with the pharma reps and attending a few information seminars before I felt I somewhat understood how this new medication class might fit into my "toolbox." A decade later, GLP-1 agonists are now the mainstay of T2D management. Regardless of practice setting, nurse practitioners are likely to encounter a patient who is prescribed this therapy, and every effort should be made to become acquainted, if not competent, with this drug class. To that end, this supplemental issue explores the latest evidence about the safety, efficacy, and benefits of GLP-1 therapy.


Latour's Inquiry into Modes of Existence undertakes a re-evaluation of both modern ontology and ANT: Adding qualitative differentiation to quantitative network analysis is tantamount to the outline of a pluralist ontology distinguishing a variety of different modes of being in the world. The aim is to make more space in order to provide proper accommodation for all enti-ties, especially for those a monist ontology could not account for. Both [HAB], habit, and [FIC], fiction, are modes that deserve a particular amount of space; [HAB] due to its all-pervasiveness in everyday courses of action, [FIC] due to its crucial role in anthropogenesis and its vital importance for many other modes. Nonetheless, there is an opposite tendency to restrict the possibilities of these modes. This is elucidated first by comparing [HAB] with other philosophical assessments of habit and [FIC] with Serres' readings of works of art and literary texts, and second via a confrontation of [FIC] and [HAB] with Proust's In Search of Lost Time, a work of fiction inquiring deeply into the workings of habit.


The Einstein–Maxwell dilaton field equations are constructed for four-dimensional Bianchi III and five-dimensional FRW models. The general solutions have been obtained and their asymptotic behavior have been studied.


Let (X,!) be an L-space, G : X ◊ X ! X and f : X ! X be two operators. Let fG : X ! X be defined by fG(x) := G(x,f(x)). If the operator G satisfies the following conditions: (A1) G(x,x) = x, 8x 2 X; (A2) G(x,y) = x ) y = x, then we call fG admissible perturbation of f. We introduce some iterative algorithms in terms of admissible perturbations. We suppose that these algorithms are convergent. In this paper we study the impact of this hypothesis on the theory of fixed point equations: Gronwall lemmas (when (X,!, ) is an ordered L-space), data dependence, stability and shadowing property (when (X,d) is a metric space). Some open problems are presented.


The classic way to write down Pascal's triangle leads to entries in alternating rows being vertically aligned. In this paper, we prove a linear dependence on vertically aligned entries in Pascal's triangle. Furthermore, we give an application of this dependence to morphisms between hyperelliptic curves.


This paper provides preliminary evidence on the impact of the Better Work programme on firm performance in Vietnam. We construct a panel data using the Vietnam Enterprise Censuses for the years 2009 and 2011. Using firm fixed-effect regressions, we find that the factories enrolled in the Better Work programme tend to be larger, pay higher wages for workers, and employ more capital compared to other factories. However, we do not find that significant effects of the Better Work programme on factories' sale and profit.


Purpose: Motor vehicle (MV) accidents are a leading cause of death among children in the United States (US). A 2012 AAP press release cited a 70% increased risk of death or injury for 7 to 8 year olds not properly restrained. The AAP recommends that infants and toddlers be secured in rear-facing child safety seats (CSS), and that children continue to be secured by CSS or belt-positioning booster seats until they reach the height of 4' 9". Furthermore, all 50 states …


In the organic/inorganic salt hydrate, 6C7H9ClN+·P6O18 6−·2H2O, the cyclohexaphosphate anion resides on an inversion centre. The asymmetric unit consists of three cations, one half-anion and a water molecule. In the crystal, the water molecules and the [P6O18]6− anions are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating infinite layers parallel to the ab plane. These layers are interconnected by the organic cations through N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.


Endometritis caused mainly by bacteria is one of four serious diseases which affects the development of Animal Husbandry seriously.Endometritis is mainly caused by Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Streptococcus and the other pathogen,and the main therapic methods are antibiotic,hormone,biological agent and traditional Chinese drug which becomes the main points to be studied by many researchers in treating endometritis because of the bacteria resistance of drugs and residue of hormone.This paper explains the anti-bacteria,anti-inflammation effects of single and compound Chinese drugs,the clinical application of them to offer scientific evidence for the researchers to filter the suitable drugs.


The current study examined the automated course preferences of teachers using document clustering. Data regarding teachers' course preferences and course outlines were collected and preprocessed for further analysis. Two separate clustering solutions were generated for teachers and courses datasets. The clustering solution for teachers contained clusters of similar faculty members grouped together on the basis of their course preferences and courses taught by them in previous years. The clustering solution generated for courses contained the list of course outlines of assigned courses. Good quality clusters for both teachers and courses were generated using K-means clustering method in CLUTO software package. The generated clustering solutions were mapped for automated generation of course preferences for each teacher in the dataset. Precision, Recall and F-measure values were also reported and they indicated promising results.


The latest NICE guidelines for'Diabetes in Pregnancy' recommendannual screening with fasting plasmaglucose (FPG) levels for thosepatients with a previous diagnosis ofgestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Previous studies have shown thatwomen with GDM have a 17–63%risk of developing non-pregnancyrelated diabetes within five to 16years after their index pregnancy.


In this paper an electromagnetic scattering model, RT2, and a semi-empirical model, interferometric water cloud model (IWCM), were used to simulate backscatter and coherence of boreal forest at C-band. The coherence is related to the backscattering coefficients of the vegetation and the underlying ground surface, and the transmissivity of forests via the IWCM model where interactions between vegetation and ground are ignored at C-band. Using RT2, backscattering contributions from the vegetation and the ground, and the transmissivity of forests were simulated and compared with basic assumptions in IWCM. It has been found that IWCM contains all the important mechanisms affecting forest coherence and backscattering. Simulations of backscattering coefficient and coherence by the electromagnetic model agree well with ERS SAR experimental data from a test site, Kättböle, in the central part of Sweden and the IWCM model fitting. The effects of soil and vegetation moisture were also simulated. INTRODUCTION Observations of interferometric SAR (InSAR) coherence for forests have shown the promising possibility to retrieve forest parameters, e.g., stem volume, from InSAR coherence images. However, coherence for forests is dependent on many factors including forest parameters, weather conditions, etc, leading to a high variability in the accuracy of forest parameter retrieval. To investigate the relationship of coherence to forest parameters, it is important to develop electromagnetic models to understand mechanisms causing decorrelation of signals scattered back from forests. In addition, simple models (empirical or semi-empirical) suitable for parameter inversion for practical application are required. In recent years efforts on electromagnetic modeling of the InSAR response of forest have been done using direct coherent scattering models (e.g. [1,2]), and some basic mechanisms have been analyzed. In [3,4], a semiempirical model, interferometric water cloud model (IWCM) was developed to relate coherence to stem volume for the interpretation of ERS-1/2 SAR data in boreal forests. In this paper we use an electromagnetic model coupled with a tree growth model to simulate the transmissivity and backscattering of forest. The main goal is to test basic assumptions in the IWCM. In the following sections, the IWCM, the tree growth model used to simulate trees in the test site and the electromagnetic scattering model are described respectively. After the description of the test site and choice of model parameters for electromagnetic simulation, predictions of the electromagnetic model are compared to the semiempirical model and experimental data. Finally conclusions are made. INTERFEROMETRIC WATER CLOUD MODEL, IWCM For repeat-pass interferometry decorrelation occurs due to noise, which we will neglect, spatial and temporal properties. The spatial properties can be divided into decorrelation due to the baseline, which can be compensated for by filtering [5] and volume decorrelation. Then the important aspects are the combination of temporal decorrelation and volume decorrelation. Assuming a single layer of scatterers (simple to extend to the multi-layer case) we will then obtain the complex coherence of forest [3,4] as


Study the neuroprotective effects of Injection Stauntoniae(IS) and extracts on the oxidative damaged spinal neurons caused by H2O2 and its growth impetus on normal spinal neurons.The MTT assay,SOD activity and the leakage of LDH were used to observe the effects of IS on unmarred spinal neurons and the oxidative damage model used by H2O2.Besides,the changes of Ca2+ concentration in cytoplasm between damaged group and protected group was detected by LSCM.Within the concentration of 100-200 mg/L,IS could increase the cell viability and SOD activity of oxidative damaged spinal neurons,and decrease the leakage of LDH in extracellular fluid as well as inhibit the Ca2+ concentration in cytoplasm of oxidative damaged spinal neurons in case of Ca2+ overloading.200 mg/L IS could promote the growing of unmarred spinal neurons,decrease the leakage of LDH in extracellular fluid.AI3 could increase the cell viability significantly.


Deep excavation engineering is a dynamic and complex system where the soil and the support structure interact. By analysis of information of monitoring and surveying, the distortion of the earth can be learned and the change direction can be forecasted. Deep excavation of East Diaoyutai Station on the 9th line of Beijing subway is taken as an example, workers inspected earth surface displacement around deep excavation, horizontal displacement of stake body, horizontal displacement of stake peak, and steel brace axis stress on the scene, and then analyzed the data. And then work state of support structure can be mastered at any moment, which can guide the excavation and construction.


The invention relates to fingolimod mucate, an A crystal form thereof and a preparation method for the fingolimod mucate and the A crystal form thereof. The A crystal form has characteristic peaks in an X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained by the diffraction of Cu Kalpha rays when 2theta is about 6.1, 9.1, 12.2, 14.9, 15.7, 17.8, 18.5, 19.6, 20.6, 21.4, 21.8, 22.5 and 24.5 degrees. The invention also relates to application of the A crystal form to the preparation of a medicine which is taken as a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator, in particular to application of the A crystal form to the preparation of a medicine which is taken as an immunomodulator. In addition, the invention also provides a medicinal composition. The medicinal composition comprises the fingolimod mucate or the A crystal form and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.


An inverter is the required conditioning element for any renewable energy conversion system with an electrical grid to convert DC to AC power. Multi-level inverters have become a vital converter topology in high voltage industrial applications and contributed tremendously to renewable energy penetration into power generating capacity. This article analyses the harmonic performance of cascaded H bridge multi-level converters fed from photo-voltaic (PV) arrays. Both symmetrical and asymmetrical topologies of CHB converter have been considered for simulation studies. The simulations of 5 to 15 multi-level inverters with PV arrays have been done using the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The effects of parameters like temperature and solar irradiation on PV arrays are also considered.


The legislation of physical education is an important method of government of management, but because of the traditional pattern of P E management, the P E legislation is weak still. This article studies the current situation of P E legislation and how to improve the quality of legislation, to provide the reference for Chinese P E legislation.


The stage of preparation of the judicial meeting is obligatory for conducting of judicial trial, in its scopes the proper terms are created for permission of case essentially in the court of first instance. Exactly on this stage justice, which is examined as a lasting process, system of judicial actions, reflected in the complex of the taken away judicial acts, takes beginning.


We have investigated the device operation of Si ferroelectric FETs (FeFET) through direct measurements of polarization and electron/hole densities in p-FeFETs and n-FeFETs. Unlike electrons in n-FeFETs, inversion holes in p-FeFETs are found to be well coupled with ferroelectric polarization, resulting in inversion hole density $N_{s}$ enhanced up to $2.5\times 10^{13}$ cm−2. Based on experimentally-confirmed ferroelectric-semiconductor coupling behaviors, we propose a method to extract absolute polarization in ferroelectric gate stacks without centering P-V loops. We demonstrate that obtaining accurate polarization states is a key to understand the FeFET characteristics: it explains the physical origin of a difference in the memory window between p- and n-FeFETs.


Final Project Report Jungwoo Lee (610-21-4670) Reference : An Improved Gridding Method for Spiral MRI Using Nonuniform Fast Fourier Transform Authors: Liewei Sha, Hua Guo, and Allen W.Song Introduction The objective of this project is to develop improved reconstruction algorithm using nonuniform fast Fourier transform(NUFFT) for spiral MRI. In conventional gridding methods, while explicit forms of kernel functions were used, in this paper optimized kernels are suggested minimizing reconstruction error in the least square sense between real and reconstructed images. To accomplish its goal well-known techniques such as Kaiser-Bessel gridding(KB)[3] and a generalized fast Fourier transform(GFFT)[4] are being used to put an emphasis on the new NUFFT method called LS_NUFFT[1,2] compared to conventional ones. With phantom image(128x128) provided in the homework set, the concept of improved NUFFT method and the corresponding results are presented and the difference between LS_NUFFT and previous algorithms including KB and GFFT is discussed. In order to be able to succeed in getting good reconstruction, results with different values of parameters are shown for justification. Finally, some possible modification of LS_NUFFT method is addressed in final remarks.


This study examined the validity of bioelectrical impedance (BIA) equations for estimating fat-free mass (FFM) in 117 Caucasian athletes (M age ± SD = 11 ± 2 yrs) who volunteered to undergo underwater weighing (UWW) and BIA assessment. Eleven BIA equations and a machine-generated value (BIAM) were cross-validated. Cross-validation analyses included examination of constant error (CE), standard error of estimate (SEE), r, and total error (TE). The results indicated that the equation of Guo most accurately estimated FFM due to a nonsignificant CE (p > 0.004) (0.12 kg), the lowest SEE (1.99 kg), and the lowest TE (2.09 kg). Two equations developed by Houtkooper and BIAM resulted in TE values of ≤2.69 kg and should be considered acceptable alternatives to the equation of Guo.


We propose a new Potts model, anisotropic bond-diluted Potts model on square lattice. The interactions along x and y directions in this model are generally unequal and the bond-occupied probabilities in two directions are also assumed to be different. Such a model is a general Potts model on the square lattice. By establishing the equivalence between anisotropic bond-diluted model and anisotropic regular model and making use of the exact critical relations of regular model, we obtain the critical conditions for anisotropic bond-diluted Potts models with ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions. Phase diagrams according to these conditions are presented numerically with q=1,2,3,4,5,6 (ferr. case) and q=1,1,5,2,2,5 (antiferr. case) and a discussion about these diagrams is carried out.


10123Background: Patients with incurable cancer often require hospitalizations for symptom management, but the relationship between patients' symptom burden and their hospital LOS is unknown. We so...


Objective It is to observe the effect and safety of 917 Yutang powder based on the theory of excessive blazing heat in triple warmer on type two diabetes.Methods The rats were given mixed liquid made of 917 Yutang powder and normal saline to do acute toxicity experiment and pharmacodynamics experiment.Results After giving 917 Yutang powder with the dosage of 5.2 g/kg within one week,blood glucose was obviously depressed in the rats with diabetes which was related well with the dosage of the drugs,and no animal died.Conclusion 917 Yutang powder has good depressing blood glucose function and safety.


This paper addresses the problem of mapping the modules of a task precedence graph to the processing elements of a parallel computer. The goal of the mapping is to minimize the total execution time...


The Sick Rose Or; Disease and the Art of Medical Illustration Richard Barnett Thames and Hudson Ltd, 2014 HB, 256pp, £19.95, 978-0500517345

Barely had I got through the door of the mess with my copy of The Sick Rose , before a number of colleagues had stopped me, intrigued by the familiar cover picture depicting cholera. Reactions varied from disgust to amazement as, I guarantee, will yours, as you peruse this wonderful annal of ' Disease and the Art of Medical Illustration '.

Split into 10 chapters, skin — 'The boundary of the Body' — is given extensive coverage, including …


This paper reports progress of the UN Population Fund (UNFPA) project entitled "Improving Reproductive Health Services in Turkmenistan." Implemented by the Ministry of Health and the Medical Industry of Turkmenistan and the WHO the project aims to improve reproductive health conditions guarantee that pregnancy be made safer and improve national and family health and the preservation of womens health. Among the achievements of the project are the establishment of reproductive health services in Turkmenistan; improvement of the contraceptive supply system conditions of storage and distribution; training programs for family planning specialists; coordination of a system of supervisors; initiation of research according to WHO standards; and collaboration with WHO UNFPA and UN International Childrens Emergency Fund. From its establishment in 1997 up to 1999 the project is shown to have improved reproductive health conditions in the country with increased rates of contraceptive use and birth space interval and decreased rates of abortion and maternal and infant mortality. Recommendations for further reproductive health work in Turkmenistan are outlined.


-The epoxidation of (2E, 9E)-6,7-epoxy-3,7,11,1l-tetramethylcycloun-deca-2,9-diene (1) with m-CPBA gave a new TC and known CT diepoxides, (9E)-(2R * , 3R * , 6R * , 7R *)-2,3;6,7-diepoxy-3,7,11,11-tetramethylcycloundec-9-ene (3) and (9E)-(B*, 3S*, 6R*, 7R*)-2,3;6,7-diepoxy-3,7,11,11-tetramethylcyclo-undec-9-ene (2), respectively, in the ratio of 2:3=91.5:8.5. The conformation of 3 was determined by X-ray crystallography (C15H2402: monoclinic space group P211n with a=13.735(4) A, b=15.910(3) A, c=6.553(2) A, 8=100.90(2)", Z=4). Tow compounds, (9E)-(B*, 3S*, 6R*, 7R*)- and (9E)-(2R*, 3R *, 6R *, 7R*)-humulene 2,3;6,7-di-epoxides (2 and 3), have been considered for diepoxide derived from humulene 6,7-epoxide (1) by epoxidation, since 1 can maintain CT and TC conformations due to calculations were carried out using a SUN SPARK 10 workstation (Crystan-GM program system provided by MAC Science).


This account describes our recent studies in the field of glycomimetics. Our efforts in understanding the structural basis of multivalent effects in glycosidase inhibition have led to decisive mechanistic insights supported by X-ray diffraction analyses and to the discovery of multimeric iminosugars displaying one of the largest binding enhancements reported so far for a non-polymeric enzyme inhibitor. Pushing the limits of the inhibitory multivalent effect has also driven progress in synthetic methodology. The unexpected observation of side products en route to the synthesis of our targets has been the starting point of several new synthetic methodologies, including metal-free deoxygenation of alcohols and one-pot double thioglycosylation. In parallel to our work on 'giant' neoglycoclusters, we have developed access to original constrained glycomimetics based on a 4-membered ring ('square sugars'). Carbohydrates with a quaternary (pseudo)anomeric position were also synthesized from exo-glycals through catalytic hydrogen atom transfer and a novel oxidative radical-polar crossover process.1 Introduction2 Sweet Giants3 Multivalency Spin-Offs4 Sweet Curiosities4.1 Square Sugars4.2 From C,C-Glycosides to Formal Glycosylation of Quinones5 Conclusion


This article traced the origin of public library spirit and its development,pointed out that the discussion about public library spirit is to comply with the time development and promote the library enterprise′s development well;analyzed the lack of public library spirit,proposed that the public library spirit is reviving,the public library should pay attention to training the library spirit,lets the public library spirit obtain the long-time development continuously.


Most regulations ask for levels of EM radiation in an area surrounding telecommunications installations. These might interest close neighbors but does not help in the risk perception of population at large. That is what makes interesting measurements on a geographic basis, that is, covering an area with certain minimum resolution. Until now this has been done statically, that is on fixed positions such as city road intersections. That equals one measurement each city block or a spatial resolution of 100 points/km. On our experience, with an acquisition time of 6 minutes/point we do from 6 to 10 points/h or 10 to 17 h/km. On a dynamic or mobile system we acquire simultaneously the signal from a GPS and synchronize it with the NIR measuring equipment in a portable computer. This way each measurement can be associated with a position and time. Now speed of acquisition will depend on sampling time at the meter, selectable from 0.4 to 2 sec, and displacement velocity. During acquisition we simply get a table of values. To display them in convenient form for the public at large, we utilized commercial mapping software and satellite images. We found that 4 measurements for each city block is the maximum acceptable for a reasonably meaningful display of results. A scale of colors will indicate value, where green will indicate low ones, yellow for intermediates and red for values above permitted levels. Nevertheless, since actual values are mostly well below limits, we use a scale of greens to remark small differences as we move. The system was tested on selected areas of Cordoba, population 1,3 million. With an average "cruising speed" of 36 km at the transport vehicle, acceptable for normal traffic conditions, we achieved 440 points/m2 in less than 20 min. Since common GPS receivers have systematic static errors on the order of +/6 meters plus a drift with time, our mapping must be corrected after acquisition, typically adjusted to the city streets where we circulated. Repeatability can be verified by simply repeating the same road shortly after since mobile communications vary as randomly with time as their users and will follow citizen habits such as lunch time or working hours. Conclusions: – The mobile/dynamic system permits execution times dramatically shorter than static method with the obvious benefit in cost. – The increase in resolution improves risk perception of the population. Now every neighbor within the surveyed area will have a measurement point practically in his front door. – The method can be utilized to detect installations which are either non declared or simply not included in the latest official listings, always so difficult to keep up to date in large urban conglomerates.


The wide disparity in the methodology of preventable death analysis has created a lack of comparability among previous studies. The guidelines for the peer review (PR) procedure suggest the inclusion of risk‐adjustment methods to identify patients to review, that is, exclude non‐preventable deaths (probability of survival [Ps] < 25%) or focus on preventable deaths (Ps > 50%). We aimed to, through PR process, (1) identify preventable death and errors committed in a level‐I trauma centre, and (2) explore the use of different risk‐adjustment methods as a complement.


Acrylamide (AM) was graft-copolymerized onto hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) whose molecular chains are rigid and whose extension in an aqueous solution is large. The HEC-AM graft copolymers were isolated from the polymerization products in terms of fractional precipitation. The flocculation ability of the graft copolymers toward kaolinite suspensions and the intrinsic viscosity C which is concerned with its extension in an aqueous solution were compared with those of polyacrylamide (PAM) which are now widely used as the macromolecular flocculants. The following results were obtained: 1 The flocculation ability of the graft copolymers was scarcely affected by a small number of the grafted PAM per one HEC molecule.2 The influence of pH-values and temperature on the flocculation was less with the graft copolymers than with PAM.3 The flocculation ability of the graft copoylmers increased with increasing molecular weight of the grafted PAM and more depended on the molecular weight than on the degree of grafting.4 When the molecular weight of the grafted PAM was nearly equal to that of PAM, the flocculation ability of the copolymers was nearly equal to or superior to that of PAM.5 As 77 3-values of the graft copolymers were larger than those of PAM, the extension of the copolymers in an aqueous solution _would be larger than that of PAM, when the molecular weight (Ma) of the cdpolymers was equal to that pf PAM. This would facilitate the bridging of kaolin particles by the flocculants and would he one of the reason why the flocculation ability of the graft copolymers was superior to that of PAM.


HIV transmission risks were specified during infertility treatment. An investigation was performed by gynecologists who work in IVF. Most of gynecologist refuse to treat infertility in these cases.


The use of computers cannot be over-emphasized in the performance of student's examination computational task due to the unique characteristics.
The introduction of a computerized Report sheet like this will buttress the advantages of the Senior Secondary School program compare to manual system.
The various calculations, compilations and the transfer of records into the report sheet that would have been done by individual teachers manually and mentally for days/weeks, can be done with Computer with little human intervention.


Two quantum nite autom ata are equivalentifforany inputstring x the two autom ata acceptx with equalprobability. In thispaper,we focuson determ ining the equivalence for 1-way quantum nite autom ata with controllanguage (CL-1Q FAs) de ned by Bertoniet al and m easure-m any 1-way quantum niteautom ata (M M -1Q FAs)introduced by K ondacsand W atrous. It is worth pointing out that although K oshiba tried to solve the sam e problem forM M -1Q FAs,weshow thathism ethod isnotvalid,and thusdeterm ining theequivalence between M M -1Q FAs isstillleftopen untilthispaperappears. M ore speci cally,we obtain that:


Based on the working principle of hydraulic bending machine and existing problems,the principle of virtual axis in motion synchronization control field has been used.The virtual spindle drive synchronization system of hydraulic bending machine directly.At the same time,the virtual spindle model and hydraulic bending machine system model have been established based on the virtual axis.And through the MATLAB simulation,the results show that the system can obtain better follow ing performance,stable performance and robustness of synchronous control of hydraulic bending machine by the virtual spindle synchronous control strategy.The synchronization and stability of hydraulic bending machine has been improved.


The author examined demographics and employment and how they might possibly interact affecting demand for aviation both in terms of passenger travel and air freight. He discussed redistribution of demand and projecting demand for aviation. He pointed out that business travel and economic development are the key factors in projecting demand. Included are responses to questions raised following the author's presentation.


Development planning for a continent like India can at the same time be a fascinating and a bewildering exercise. And when it comes to communication planning and co-ordination, it could well tire out the most seasoned team of communicators. There are over 600 million people, 27 languages and over 1000 different dialects, about 580,000 villages and a frightfully low rate of information diffusion. Is it possible at all to think in terms communication planning at a nation level in India? What are the problems and what are the prospects? S. Bashiruddin pools the relevant data and indicates present and future trends in communication planning in India.


Acid rain, insects, and fungi are real problems that can kill trees. Wounded and starving trees are also realities and part of the total picture. Forest decline is a many-sided problem, yet recent attention has focused on only a few visible factors. The blame for diebacks and declines can not always be placed on well-publicized short-term agents. Forestry practices may also play an important part in today's current tree problems. This paper examined past forestry practices to see if they could have predisposed forests to stress and therefore been a major factor in current forest problems. 8 references, 10 figures.


This paper presents and characterizes MIND, a new Portuguese corpus comprised of different types of articles collected from online mainstream and alternative media sources, over a full year period. The articles in the corpus are organized into five collections: facts, opinions, entertainment, satires, and conspiracy theories. Throughout this paper, we explain how the data collection process was conducted, and present a set of linguistic metrics that allow us to perform a preliminary characterization of the texts included in the corpus. Also, we deliver an analysis of the most frequent topics in the corpus, and discuss the main differences and similarities among the collections considered. Finally, we enumerate some tasks and applications that could benefit from this corpus, in particular the ones (in)directly related to misinformation detection. Overall, our contribution of a corpus and initial analysis are designed to support future exploratory news studies, and provide a better insight into misinformation.


In this study, a flat coil application as a three-dimensional (3-D) vibration sensor for early detection of earthquake is designed to detect earthquakes in Lombok Island. Flat coil is a very thin winding wire and is used as an inductor. When inductance changes, frequency will change as well. The frequency can be converted into voltage to represent the distance. This effect is applied to the low frequency using three-dimensional pendulum (x,y,z) to detect the earthquake in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. Lombok Island is a territory that lies between the large plate of Asia and plate of Australia, thus, it belongs to earthquake belt territory. The software of 3-D vibration sensor for early detection of earthquakes uses Atmega 16 microcontroller vibration data acquisition program as a voltage data recorder. Meanwhile, Arduino Nano is used to display the waveform and to calculate the frequency of vibration. Based on the calibration, the frequency of vibrations which can be measured are around 0.468 Hz on the x-axis (source frequency is 0.46 Hz), around 0.55 Hz on the y-axis (source frequency is 0.5 Hz), and around 0.48 Hz on the z-axis (source frequency is 0.5 Hz).


Air‐stable semiconducting inks suitable for complementary logic are key to create low‐power printed integrated circuits (ICs). High‐performance printable electronic inks with 2D materials have the potential to enable the next generation of high performance low‐cost printed digital electronics. Here, the authors demonstrate air‐stable, low voltage (<5 V) operation of inkjet‐printed n‐type molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and p‐type indacenodithiophene‐co‐benzothiadiazole (IDT‐BT) field‐effect transistors (FETs), estimating an average switching time of τMoS2 ≈ 4.1 μs for the MoS2 FETs. They achieve this by engineering high‐quality MoS2 and air‐stable IDT‐BT inks suitable for inkjet‐printing complementary pairs of n‐type MoS2 and p‐type IDT‐BT FETs. They then integrate MoS2 and IDT‐BT FETs to realize inkjet‐printed complementary logic inverters with a voltage gain |Av| ≈ 4 when in resistive load configuration and |Av| ≈ 1.4 in complementary configuration. These results represent a key enabling step towards ubiquitous long‐term stable, low‐cost printed digital ICs.


Expanding and integrating of capital market, analysis factors influencing Price Earning Ratio (PER) provide some essential and meaningful inputs for investors before taking investment decisions relating to banking shares. The hypothesis formulated in this research was: To what extend Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Price Book Value (PBV), Return On Equity (ROE), Operating Ratio (OR), and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) give the influence towards Price Earning Ratio (PER) of banking shares enlisted in Indonesia Stock Exchange (Bursa Efek Indonesia). The purpose of this research was to know and analyze the factors influencing Price Earning Ratio (PER) of banking shares enlisted in Indonesia Stock Exchange. The theories used for the research were Price Earning Ratio (PER), fundamental analysis, and company performance factors. The methodological research applied the approach of Ex Post Facto with the level of research explanation grouped into associative research. The sample collecting method used was the purposive sampling method. Population of 30 (thirty) banks enlisted in Indonesia Stock Exchange, Twenty of which fulfilling the sampling criterion were treated as the samples. All of the banks are the conventional ones, The public companies of banking sector which had been enlisted in Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2003 till 2007 and had also possessed the complete financial statement. The analysis method applied was Multiple Linear Regression, with the level of significant 95% (á = 0,05). The result of analysis showed that the factors influencing PER are Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Price Book Value (PBV), Return on Equity (ROE), Operating Ratio (OR) and Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR). The F test showed a significantly effect. The t test proved that only variable of Price Book Value (PBV) and Return on Equity (ROE) gave a significantly influence. The determination coefficient (R) of independent variables towards dependent ones obtained was equal to 0,763. It could be interpreted that independent variable's ability can explain the dependent variable of 76,3% while the rest of 23,8% explained by other factors which was not analyzed in this research. pdfMachine is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease! Get yours now! "Thank you very much! I can use Acrobat Distiller or the Acrobat PDFWriter but I consider your product a lot easier to use and much preferable to Adobe's" A.Sarras USA Universitas Sumatera Utara The findind of this research concluded that Price Book Value and Return on Equity gave a significant effect on to Price Earning Ratio of banking shares enlisted in Indonesia Stock Exchange.


Hall coefficient, RH(T) of low-dimensional organic superconductors, (DMET)2X and (BEDT-TTF)2X have been examined systematically under pressure of 0 - 10 kbar with the interest of understanding the electronic states in relation to superconductivity and spin density wave in these materials. Even in the metallic states in these materials, RH(T) are found to be remarkably temperature-dependent. We show that at least some of these temperature dependence is related to phase transition or its precursor, which has not been paid attention previously, and which could be discussed with superconductivity.


Realization of ultrahigh resolution and deeper imaging is one of key problems in OCT. We have quantitatively confirmed the improvement of imaging depth in 1700 nm ultrahigh resolution OCT compared with the other wavelength regions.


The kinetics of reduction of trivalent manganese by citrate in aqueous solution has been studied. The reaction is optimum at pH 3.30 of the citrate solution and is retarded by the presence of Mn2+ for the citrate solution of pH 3.30 or higher. Increase in the concentration of citrate lowers the rate of reduction of Mn(III). The temperature coefficient of the reaction is 1.83 between 20°C and 30°C.


In this paper, we propose an interactive designing method and a system based on it to create 3D objects and 2D images. This system consists of two subsystems for virtual sculpting to create a 3D shape and virtual printing to produce a picture with a printing block. In the virtual sculpting subsystem, a user can form solid objects with curved surfaces as if sculpting them. The user operates virtual chisels, and can remove or attach arbitrary shapes of ellipsoids or cubes from or to the workpiece. A 3D object generated by virtual sculpting looks like a real wooden sculpture. If using a board as a workpiece, a user can generate a virtual printing block. In the virtual printing subsystem, a user can synthesize a woodcut printing image from the virtual printing block mentioned above, a virtual paper sheet, and a printing brush. The user can synthesize a realistic woodcut print with a procedure similar to the actual woodcut printing.


This paper describes a method for controlling the first-mode oblique breakdown in a Mach 2.0 supersonic boundary layer using micro-groove coating strips. The analysis is performed using the nonlinear parabolized stability equations. Micro-groove coating strips with various combinations of the groove half-width, porosity coefficient, and strip width are placed at different streamwise locations to control the transition. The results show that the micro-groove coating strip significantly suppresses the first-mode oblique breakdown. This effect is enhanced as the groove half-width, porosity coefficient, and strip width increase. When the micro-groove coating strip is located in the linear development region of the oblique breakdown, the suppression effect comes from the stabilization of the fundamental oblique mode by the micro-groove coating. When the strip is employed in the early nonlinear or late nonlinear development regions, a second stabilization mechanism, in addition to the stabilization effect of the micro-groove coating strip, is produced by the high-spanwise-wavenumber steady modes. Compared with the stabilization effect of the micro-groove coating strip, the second stabilization effect is more effective. The combination of these two stabilization mechanisms pushes the breakdown farther downstream.


This paper focuses upon three such painters working in France from this time and their representations both of their host country in which they found themselves displaced, and of their homeland which they represent through refracted memories from their new perspective in Europe. What is their representation of France and China/Taiwan? Is it Otherness or an origin? This paper also attempts to explore the three artists' diasporic lives and to redefine their transnational identities. Hou Chin-lang, the significance of his multiple-split images serve to highlight the intricate relationships between his work and the surrounding family, and to reveal his identity of his Taiwan "homeland". Yin Xin takes paintings from the Western canon and subjects them to a process of transformation through Chinese imagery. In the same period, Lin Li-ling, transforms the transnational spirit of Yin Xin to symbolic codes with neutered female bodies and tatoos, thus creates images that challenge the boundaries of both gender and nationality. Keywords—Body Codes, Chinese French, Diasporic Discourse,


In recent years, some advances have been achieved in classification and object detection related to animation. However, these works do not take full advantage of the tags and text description content attached to the anime data when they are created, which restricts both the related methods and data to unimodality, consequently leading to unsatisfactory performance. In this paper, we propose a novel multimodal deep learning network for Anime character identification and tag prediction by exploiting multimodal data. Considering that in many realistic scenarios, text annotations accompanying anime may be missing, we introduce the concept of curriculum learning in transformers to enable inference with only one modality. Another challenge lies in that the existing dataset does not meet our demand for large-scale multimodal deep learning. To train the proposed network, we construct a new anime dataset Dan: mul that contains over 1.6M images spread across more than 14K categories, with an average of 24 tags per image. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dataset specifically designed for multimodal anime character identification. With the trained network, we can identify the anime characters in images and generate the related tags. Experiments show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance on Dan: mul in animation identification.


Abstract. Along with globalization of the construction market, international construction firms often choose to cooperate with local construction firms in the form of Joint Ventures (JV) when they enter into the domestic markets of different countries. In this way, they cannot only reduce investment risks, but also enhance production efficiency, reduce costs and generate more profits. The conventional method of profit-sharing between JV firms is based on ratio of investment. However, as the firms make different contributions to the project, the rationality of such a profit-sharing method is often doubtful and thus is difficult to maintain a stable cooperative relationship for a JV team. Based on the concept of the cooperative game theory, this paper proposes a contribution-based profit-sharing model using Shapley Value. A case study is used to describe how firms can use this model to reach decisions of participation, and determine a fair profit-sharing rule after cooperation to enhance mutual trust and cr...


Job creation has become central to the global development agenda. Extractive industries in particular highlight employment opportunities for the host communities in which they operate through direct, indirect and induced jobs. Exploring literature on surplus populations/dispossession and distributive politics/Corporate Social Responsibility and using evidence from the Democratic Republic of Congo, we scrutinize the idea of job creation in the extractive industries as a development strategy. We argue that (1) superfluous jobs are being created to keep people alive yet silent in the wake of dispossession; and that (2) while they may help certain people to 'stay alive', these jobs also produce new inequalities and further marginalization.


Housing quality can impact quality of life factors such as physical health and finances. However, prospective tenants lack critical information about things like utility costs and landlord quality. Our contribution is a series of three studies exploring the complexities of the information economy around rental housing, including information available to landlords but not tenants, as well as information tenants may not prioritize until after lease signing about their own desires. Our first mixed methods study demonstrates that tenants cannot easily predict factors impacting the quality of life when selecting a rental and need better information about rental housing and the overall rental system. Using speed dating, we explore scenarios premised on information sharing and quality of life to analyze risks and rewards of crowdsourced information collection and sharing within a multi-stakeholder peer-to-peer rental search system. Finally, we present eDigs, a rental search system we have deployed to enhance the information economy for prospective tenants using a combination of opinion, implicit observation, and communal information. We also explore user responses to the system.


Two hundred fifty patients undergoing heart surgery were randomized in a prospective comparative study of a semiocclusive hydroactive wound dressing, an occlusive hydrocolloid dressing, and a conventional absorbent dressing. The wounds were evaluated during the 4 weeks after surgery. Color photographs were used for a blind evaluation of wound healing. The conventional absorbent dressing was more effective in wound heating, compared with the hydroactive dressing. Further, there were fewer skin changes and less redness in the wounds with the conventional dressing than with the hydroactive dressing; the differences were not significant with the hydrocolloid dressing. The conventional dressing was less painful to remove than the hydroactive and hydrocolloid dressings. More frequent dressing changes, however, were needed when using the conventional dressing. Despite this, it was the least expensive alternative.


In this paper we consider discrete time varying linear systems with matrix coefficients in fixed set and we describe the set of all possible Lyapunov exponents for the system. We describe this set in terms of generalized spectral sub radius and the generalized spectral radius of the set of possible values of the coefficients.


A selectively reflecting mirror based on a corrugated waveguide was used in semiconductor lasers with an external resonator. Two-layer thin-film waveguides provided extensive opportunities for optimization of the characteristics of such lasers.


Since the author's 1939 paper,1 further data have been obtained regarding the loading of underground power systems having impregnated-paper-insulated lead-covered underground cable. The results of the studies may be summarized as follows: 1. The factors affecting the setting of maximum safe conductor temperatures are so numerous that no fixed value (or values) can be assumed as applicable to all installations of a given design and size of cable in this country. 2. For some cables, the present temperature limits for normal day-in and day-out operation may be safely exceeded, especially for wartime conditions. 3. For emergency operation safe temperatures may be even higher than listed in the previous paper, especially for wartime operation. 4. Operation in wartimes at special temperatures will mean in some cases substantial shortening of the life of underground circuits and an accompanying increase in service interruptions. 5. Wartime increases in usual maximum daily loading and in load factors may cause large increases in duct and copper temperatures, even if past current ratings are maintained. These temperatures will sometimes exceed those in the present standards. 6. The safe temperature for emergency operation, particularly for extra-high-voltage cables, may be limited by the joints. Also, for all kinds of cable sufficient room must be provided to avoid mechanical damage of cable or joints in manholes with cable movements incidental to emergency loads. 7.


From the St Mark's Family Medicine Residency Program, Salt Lake City. The decision to leave rural practice and return to academia has been the most difficult one in all my life. This essay reflects on experiences and people that go through my mind as I move through the hospital on morning rounds. A once suicidal nurse is now getting remarried, another carries a scar that I feel responsible for, and the now empty wards of an outdated hospital impart sadness. Loneliness, lack of progress, and uncomfortable relationships outweigh the idyllic picture of home visits, knowing my patients well, and the quiet peaceful life in a rural area.


This text gives an a kind of expansion for usual Vandermonde row or column type form,combining to give the applied method of the broad sense Vandermonde row or column type from the practical angle,further argument the dependable of the calculation formula of the broad sense Vandermonde row or column type.


The invention provides an electronic system sharing a power supply and an information storage space, which comprises electronic devices not provided with built-in power supplies and an electronic element. Each electronic device comprises a first transmission interface and a control module. The electronic element comprises a storage unit, an energy storage unit, a power management unit coupled with the energy storage unit, and a second transmission interface coupled with the storage unit and the power management unit; the power management unit is used for controlling the energy storage and release of the energy storage unit; and when the first transmission interface and the second transmission interface are electrically connected, the power management unit controls the energy storage unit to release energy and provide the control module with needed electric power, so as to enable the control module to read or storage information from or into the storage unit. By adopting the technical scheme, electronic devices can share the same power supply and information storage space, so that a user can manage information in a centralized manner and the manufacturing cost for the electronic devices is lowered.


This paper demonstrates technological solutions for ultra high speed single/multiple wavelength transmission system to overcome the affection of fiber wavelength dispersion, PMD and dispersion slope.


. Let p : X → D be a proper surjective holomorphic submersion where X is a K¨ahler manifold and D is the unit disc in C . Let Ω be a d closed semi-positive real (1 , 1)-form on X . If each X s := p − 1 ( s ) for s ∈ D satisfies − c 1 ( X s ) + Ω | X s is K¨ahler, then the K¨ahler-Ricci flow twisted by Ω | X s has a long time solution by Cao's theorem. This family of twisted K¨ahler-Ricci flows induces a relative K¨ahler form ω ( t ) on the total space X . In this paper, we prove that the positivity of ω ( t ) is preserved along the twisted K¨ahler-Ricci flow.


(Measure indefinitely postponed in Senate, H.R. 3922 passed in lieu) Older Americans Amendments - =Title I: Amendments to Older Americans Act= - Extends until January 1, 1976, the deadline for completion of studies to be conducted by the Federal Council on Aging. Includes within the definition of the term social services, under the Older Americans Act, legal counseling and services to older persons and programs designed to maintain and improve the physical fitness of older persons. Permits the Commissioner on Aging to provide direct funding to an Indian tribal organization when he finds that members of such tribe are not receiving benefits equivalent to those provided to other older persons in the State or appropriate area and when he finds that members of the tribe would be better served through such direct funding. Allows State and area agencies on aging to enter into agreements with agencies administering programs under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and Titles VI, XIX, and XX of the Social Security Act for the purpose of jointly funding transportation programs to meet the common needs of persons receiving benefits under such Acts and persons participating in the programs under titles III and VII of this Act. Increases the minimum allotment for State administrative funds under the Older Americans Act for each State from $160,000 to $200,000. Authorizes the appropriation of $50,000,000 for each fiscal year 1976 and fiscal year 1977, to be distributed to the States for the purpose of paying up to 90 percent of the cost of the following projects: (1) transportation projects; (2) home service projects; and (3) projects to provide legal service and counseling. Authorizes training grants in two new categories: (1) to assist in the training of lawyers and paraprofessional persons to provide legal (including tax and financial) counseling and services to older persons; and (2) grants for two and four year colleges and university-based training in gerontology in addition to currently au


Tracking of every ladle during the entire ladle-cycle, scheduling of ladle movement and processing in a melt shop are imperative to 1) ensure continuous operation 2) enhance productivity and 3) lower energy consumption. While tracking has recently evolved to digital with certain limitations, scheduling is limited to expertise of the operator and is applicable up to a short horizon. Dependence on operator-expertise further extends to ladle furnace operation where lift temperature for desired superheat, a complex feature of several parameters, is decided by operator based on heat loss estimation and ladle history.Current work is a step towards digitalization of steel melt shop by minimizing the human involvement in tracking of ladle, scheduling of ladle movement and prediction of lift temperature. A novel technique is introduced for tracking of ladle in melt shop. Based on the ladle tracking and production planning, ladle transport across various units including assignment of appropriate cranes is automated. Finally, a mathematical model is developed to predict the temperature for ladle lifting to ensure desired superheat at caster and has been validated against industrial measurements.With efficient tracking, the visibility of ladles in the melt shop is improved to nearly 100%. With improved scheduling, idle time of ladles and processing units is reduced. Lastly, the numerical thermal model reduces the energy requirements, lowers the idle time and improves casting speed. This improves the overall productivity of the melt shop. With higher level of automation and model-based decision making, dependence on human expertise is reduced and safety of melt shop is improved.


Teacher efficacy represents a powerful influence on the behaviors of teachers due to its impact on instructional choice, effort, and persistence. Yet few studies have been conducted examining differences in efficacy among groups of teachers with varying levels of experience, including those still engaged in teacher preparation programs. This study was conducted to examine such differences through a comparison of teacher efficacy among groups of preservice and inservice teachers with various levels of experience using the Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale. The results demonstrated that experienced teachers held the highest general teaching efficacy as well as the highest efficacy with regards to domain-specific areas such as student engagement and classroom management. No statistically significant differences were noted among preservice teachers and novice teachers.


The tri-reforming of coke oven gas in three processes(non-catalytic process,catalytic process,two-stage process) is carried out to obtain an optimal process.A series of Ni-based catalysts are synthesized by adding CaO,Co,Cu and Fe promoters with an impregnation method.The influence of the addition of promoters on the catalytic performance in two-stage process is studied as well.The results show that H2 present in the feed gas results in lower CH4 conversion,but increased CO2 conversion.CH4 and CO2 conversions of two-stage process are obviously higher than those of the other two processes when the reaction temperature is above 800℃.The CH4 and CO2 conversion are found to be 93.4% and 61.3% at 900℃,respectively.Compared with the catalytic process,the gas hourly space velocity of coke oven gas in two-stage process can reach 6 945 h-1.The addition of CaO promotes CH4 and CO2 conversion.The Cu promoter increases the catalyst activity at high temperature and provides a CH4 conversion of 99.1% and a CO yield of 95.5% at 900℃.The Fe promoter increases catalyst activity at low temperature.The result of XRD shows that the addition of CaO weakens the characteristic peak of Ni2Al4O4,and leads to the catalysts with better reducibility and dispersibility.


The present invention discloses the production process of composite wool-like polyester filament yarn. Very fine sea island polyester fiber and conventional polyester fiber are stretched, false twisted and combined to form composite fiber filament, and the composite fiber filament is then combined with high shrinkage polyester fiber with boiling water shrinkage over 20 % via air spray twisting to form the composite wool-like polyester filament yarn. The composite filament yarn is woven, and processed through fiber opening, post finishing and light roughing to form soft and fine wool-like fabric with excellent rebound resilience.


P stenosis is usually associated \\"ith other congenital anomalies such as a ventricula r septal defect 01' a tetralogy of Fallot (1, 2)" T he contriction may be due to fus ion of the semilunar cusps or to infundibular atresia resulting from failure of the bulbus cordis to expand to form the right yentricle (3)" Isolated pulmonary stenosis is not as rare (4, 5, 6) a' it formerly \\'as thought to be. It is almost ahrays due to fus ion of the cusps, and the distal pulmonary artery is often dilated. The increased load on the right side of the heart results in dilatation and hypertrophy of the right \"entricle and atrium, and the increased pressure may result in reopening of the foramen o\·alc. The early clinical course may be asymptomatic; later,dyspnoea and fatigability on exertion or in paroxysms appear. Cyanosis is minimal, induced by chilling the surface of the body, i.e., peripheral type. If a patent foramen ovale is present, intense cyanosis eventually appears, and then the fingers may shm\" clubbing. Peripheral congestive faillll'e is a consequence in all but the milde t cases, indicating the U1'gency of surgical intervention if any hope of normal life expectancy is to be entertained. Pulmonary infections, including tuberculosis (6), are thought to be more common than in other congenital lesions. Bacterial endocarditis may occasionally attack the site of the pulmonary defect; it is responsi\"e to antibiotic therapy, and may even improve the size of the valvular outlet by erosion of the Iu 'ed ite. The prognosis is related to the degree of the stenosis, the strain upon the right


Hybrid Diversity-aware Collective Adaptive Systems (HDA-CAS) is a new generation of socio-technical systems where both humans and machine peers complement each other and operate collectively to achieve their goals. These systems are characterized by the fundamental properties of hybridity and collectiveness, hiding from users the complexities associated with managing the collaboration and coordination of hybrid human/machine teams. In this paper we present the key programming elements of the Smart Society HDA-CAS platform. We first describe the overall platform's architecture and functionality and then present concrete programming model elements -- Collective-based Tasks (CBTs) and Collectives, describe their properties and show how they meet the hybridity and collectiveness requirements. We also describe the associated Java language constructs, and show how concrete use-cases can be encoded with the introduced constructs.


Laser accelerated deuterons with energy ranging from 0.1 to 2 MeV were exploited as drivers of the $ 7 $Li(d,n)$ 8 $Be nuclear fusion reaction. Deuterons were emitted by CD$ 2 $ plasma produced with focused laser intensity of ~ 3x10$ 16 $ W/cm$ 2 $. Deuterons accelerated upstream the laser beam impinged on a LiF catcher target producing there D-Li neutrons with energy > 13 MeV. Time-resolved signals of scintillation detectors were analysed with respect to the arrival time of fast neutrons at five scintillation detectors positioned around the target chamber. This analysis made it possible to determine energy of both the fusing deuterons and fusion neutrons. The energy spectrum of deuterons was also determined from the time-resolved charge density of ions derived from ion collector signals. Besides the neutrons produced through the 7Li(d,n)8Be fusion reaction, neutrons produced via the $ 2 $H(d,n)$ 3 $He reactions driven by the laser - CD$ 2 $-plasma interaction were observed. The total dose of neutrons was determined employing high-sensitive bubble detectors (BD-PND). Since only a small fraction of generated fast deuterons were hitting the LiF catcher target, the maximum yield of neutrons from both the primary and secondary targets was ~ 3.5x10$ 8 $ neutrons/shot, which gives a normalized yield of about 5.8x10$ 5 $ neutrons/J. This value should still grow up when increasing the area of the catcher LiF target.


The Anganwadi worker (AWW) is the community based voluntary frontline worker of the ICDS programme. Selected from the community, she assumes a pivotal role due to her close and continuous contact with the beneficiaries. Children grow and develop amazingly. Mothers with their children under five years of age, not only constitute a large proportion of the community but also a "vulnerable" or special risk group. The first five years of a child's life are most crucial for the foundations for physical and mental development. Objective of this study was to study the profile of Anganwadi workers (AWWs). To assesses knowledge of AWWs & problems faced by them while working. Study design: cross sectional study. Methods:- Anganwadi centres were selected by convenient sampling technique. The functioning of AWWs was assessed by interviewing Anganwadi workers for their literacy status, years of experiences, their knowledge about the services rendered by them and problems faced by them. Result of the study was majority (53%) AWWs were in the age range of 20-30 years, whereas only (5%) were in the age range of > 50 years. The majority (45%) AWWs were educated up to secondary; while (34%) were educated up to higher secondary and only (3%) were educated up to primary class and post graduate. (29%) AWWs had maximum experience in the range of more than 15 years and the majority, (42%) had 5-10 years of experience. In the present study major problem was that other infrastructure related problems and inadequate supply of play material as their major problem, was reported by (55%) of the AWWs, (24%) had reported Inadequate water, electricity supply and drainage system, (10%) had problem of delay in receiving funds and necessary items, like kerosene oil, cooking items etc. (8%) had problem of inadequate honorarium, and only (3%) of AWWs had problem of record maintenance was unnecessary burden. (63%) of AWWs covered 100-500 population and (32%) of AWWs covered population range of 500-


(E)-(1; X = Br) [17101-82-5] C8H7BrS (MW 215.11)

InChI = 1S/C8H7BrS/c9-6-7-10-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-7H/b7-6+

InChIKey = CMKYELZKLNNTTC-VOTSOKGWSA-N

(Z)-(2; X = Br) [17101-71-2] C8H7ClS (MW 170.66)

InChI = 1S/C8H7BrS/c9-6-7-10-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-7H/b7-6-

InChIKey = CMKYELZKLNNTTC-SREVYHEPSA-N

(E)-(3; X = Cl) [26620-11-1]

InChI = 1S/C8H7ClS/c9-6-7-10-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-7H/b7-6+

InChIKey = VFVNQEUFXKOCNW-VOTSOKGWSA-N

(building blocks for stereospecific synthesis of alkenes and dienes)

Alternate Name: 2-bromovinyl phenyl sulfide.

Physical Data: (1) bp 44.5–45 °C/0.04 mmHg; (2) bp 59–60 °C/0.04 mmHg; (3) bp 119–120 °C/15 mmHg.

Analysis of Reagent Purity: GC/MS, IR, and 1H NMR.

Preparative Methods: (i) 3-phenylthioacrylic acid is first formed by thiophenol addition to propiolic acid, and is then subjected to a one-pot bromine addition and subsequent decarboxylative dehalogenation. This gives a ca. 1∶4 mixture of (1) and (2) (overall yield 69%);2 (ii) by a PTC reaction between thiophenol and 1,2-dibromoethylene (only isomer (2), yield 48%);3 and (iii) by addition of sulfenyl chloride to acetylene (only compound (3), yield 73%).4

Purification: by distillation; the isomeric mixture of (1) and (2) is separated into its components by careful distillation,5 or by flash chromatography (silica gel; petroleum ether eluent).

Handling, Storage, and Precautions: if refrigerated (−10 to 0 °C) they can be stored for several weeks without isomerization. Avoid inhaling; use in a fume hood.


Anomalous contributions to the electric and magnetic dipole moments of the $\tau$ lepton from new physics scenarios have brought renewed interest in the development of new charge-parity violating signatures in $\tau$ pair production at Belle II energies, and also at higher energies of the Large Hadron Collider and the Future Circular Collider. In this paper, we discuss the effects of spin correlations, including transverse degrees of freedom, in the $\tau$ pair production and decay. These studies include calculating analytical formulas, obtaining numerical results, and building semi-realistic observables sensitive to the transverse spin correlations induced by the dipole moments of the $\tau$ lepton. The effects of such anomalous contributions to the dipole moments are introduced on top of precision simulations of $e^-e^+ \to \tau^-\tau^+$, $q\bar{q} \to \tau^-\tau^+$ and $\gamma\gamma \to \tau^-\tau^+$ processes, involving multi-body final states. Respective extensions of the Standard Model amplitudes and the reweighting algorithms are implemented into the {\tt KKMC} Monte Carlo, which is used to simulate $\tau$ pair production in $e^-e^+$ collisions, and the {\tt TauSpinner} program, which is used to reweight events with $\tau$ pair produced in $pp$ collisions.


Objects To investigate the different effects of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)and hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)on hepatic differentiation.Methods MSCs from rat bone marrow were isolated and cultured by standard methods.Using Thy-1.1 as the marker of rat HSCs,Thy-1.1+ cells were isolated and purified by magnetic activated cell sorting(MACS).The optimal condition of isolation,cultivation and induction of MSCs and HSCs were investigated.Morphology,RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were used to identify the hepatic differentiation grade.Results The purity and viability of Thy-1.1 + cells were 94.20 %,99.62 % after MACS.MSCs exhibited round shape after differentiation,instead of fibroblast-like morphology before differentiation.Albumin mRNA and protein were expressed positively in MSCs,and no alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)was found.HSCs were polygonal in shape after differentiation.The expression of albumin signal decreased and AFP signal increased.Conclusions Highly purified Thy-1.1 + cells can be obtained from rat bone marrow by using MACS,and the viability of the cells was not impaired.Both MSCs and HSCs have hepatic differentiation capabilities.However,their capabilities were not the same.MSCs can differentiate into mature hepatocyte-like cells,and do not express early hepatic specific genes,while Thy-1.1 + cells were inclined to differentiate into hepatic stem cell-like cells,with an increased AFP expression and a decreased albumin signal.


emotions and feelings stimulate interest in health is the harmonious development of students personality link.U.S.educators say:"Students of the educational conditions,the most important thing is not to increase the students knowledge,but their interest in learning","the education of students,is not the most fundamental level of intelligence,but rather they are happy to learn."Shows interest in learning in the process of imparting knowledge is essential.This article based on the level of English subjects to talk about the teaching of"excited interest"in Art.


The Middle Ages between the future and the life to corne, Jacques Le Goff ; The high Middle Ages ignored the future and put everything on the life to corne. Rome and St. Augustine had bequeathed the idea of a succession of ages up to the Last Judgement : the life-to-come was imposed by salvation. As of the 12th and 13th centuries, time was mastered, people began to count, growth began, archives became necessary : an earthly linear future became conceivable. The millenarist spurt was not mastered by it, but the age of progress and enlightenment could begin. This medieval wavering can help us understand the 20th century's dramas.


Further, there had traditionally been a massive power differential between the physician and the patient. The physician did the doctoring; the patient did the suffering. Medical schools are steeped in history — conservative, authoritative and sometimes patronising. Most of us here this evening grew up in this tradition and accepted, perhaps in an unquestioning manner, the ways of our superiors and mentors. We were Jonathan Phillips Some thoughts from the President


A cycle or cycle rickshaw is a small-scale local means of transport. Cycle rickshaws are human-powered, a type of tricycle designed to carry passengers in addition to the driver. Tricycles are used primarily for commercial transportation. Various locally made configurations of bicycle or tricycle are available. The present form of cycle has many shortcomings. One of the major problems faced by available bicycle or tricycle is its less efficiency or mechanical advantage. This paper reviews patent (which are now open for public access) and experimental work brought by researchers on drive mechanism of cycle in order to optimize its operating performance. An individual idea or any possible combination of different ideas can be used for optimizing performance of driving mechanism for cycle. KeywordsCycle, Mechanical advantage, Drive mechanism, Sprocket, Chain.


IRE1 is a transmembrane signalling protein that activates the unfolded protein response under endoplasmic reticulum stress. IRE1 is endowed with kinase and endoribonuclease activities. The ribonuclease activity of IRE1 can switch substrate specificities to carry out atypical splicing of Xbp1 mRNA or trigger the degradation of specific mRNAs. The mechanisms regulating the distinct ribonuclease activities of IRE1 have yet to be fully understood. Here, we report the Bcl‐2 family protein Bid as a novel recruit of the IRE1 complex, which directly interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of IRE1. Bid binding to IRE1 leads to a decrease in IRE1 phosphorylation in a way that it can only perform Xbp1 splicing while mRNA degradation activity is repressed. The RNase outputs of IRE1 have been found to regulate the homeostatic–apoptotic switch. This study, thus, provides insight into IRE1‐mediated cell survival.


A patient with lombo-sacral hydadit cyst has been presented. The clinical symptoms and the methods of treatment hove been reviewed. Hydatid cyst of bone is quite rare and the treatment is not always satisfactory.


Approval for the disposal of three sites in the Royal Borough of Greenwich to Meridian Home Start Ltd was given at the Council's Cabinet meeting on 19 April.


In this paper, we investigate energy efficient resource allocation for uplink multi-carrier non orthogonal multiple access (MC-NOMA) based two-tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets) with wireless backhaul. We have exploited channel diversity by assigning multiple subchannels to various MC-NOMA users (NUs), while allowing multiple NUs to use the same subchannel. We formulate a joint NU clustering, and power and subchannel allocation problem for system's energy efficiency (EE) maximization under the constraints of minimum quality of service (QoS) requirement, maximum allowable transmit power for each NU, and successive interference cancelation. The formulated problem is non-convex with fractional objective function, and therefore, to convert it into a tractable from, it is divided into two subproblems, i.e., subchannel allocation and NU clustering subproblem, and power allocation subproblem. The subchannel allocation and NU clustering subproblem is solved through a suboptimal algorithm, which exploits the channel diversity by maintaining maximum possible difference in transmit power levels of clustered NUs. Whereas for the power allocation subproblem, the EE optimization problem is convexified through Dinkelbach and successive convex approximation techniques and a closed-form suboptimal solution is obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed energy efficient algorithm outperforms the existing NOMA and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) algorithms. The proposed approach also guarantees user fairness by giving priority to the NUs with unfulfilled throughput requirements.


The stability of the solutions set for symmetric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problems are studied.In the space M,consisting of symmetric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problems satisfying some convexity and continuity conditions,most of the symmetric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problems(in the sense of Baire category) have stable solutions set,and that for each problem in,its solutions set possesses at least one essential component.


The reduction in the spectral width of laser sources has enabled existing fiber optic links to operate at increasingly higher data rates and hence make optimum use of the available optical bandwidth. The drift in the separating wavelength of these optical sources due to external factors such as temperature fluctuations can lead to degradation in the performance of such systems due to the induced phase noise. We propose a novel technique to detect minute wavelength drifts in small linewidth sources by operating just below the single-mode cutoff wavelength of a highly elliptical-core (e-core) fiber and utilising the resultant modal interference pattern.


Abstract This article examines how gharar can infect a construction contract and if and how the extension of time and additional payment clauses can operate to negate the effect of gharar, and whether such provisions are compliant with the relevant articles of Law No. 1, 1987. This is done by identifying how gharar can infect a construction contract, reviewing the applicable laws that apply with respect to a construction contract and then the relevant provisions of FIDIC, Employer's design forms of Contract.


The objectively necessary and possible socio-technical and socio-economic conditions for the development of a scientific-methodological, software-algorithmic and technical basis in the development of intelligent robotic technology are considered. The fundamentals of the development methodology and examples of information technologies of the educational process in intelligent robotics are briefly discussed.


The temperature of transmission line is an important parameter in the condition monitoring system on transmission line and its measured value is affected by the state of sensors. General regression neural network (GRNN) was used to construct an auto-detection network for temperature sensors of transmission line. Optimizing design of network, error controlling and effect testing were studied, and also a method of threshold for sensor detection was advanced. The network is verified by practical data from a 220kv transmission line in Sichuan Province and is proved to be with good value of engineering application for sensor state detection of unit.


"Futile Automata: Co-Ordinate Plotter" is the first in a series of modular works that demonstrate a synthetic and digital interpretation and (lack of) understanding of their environment.


The article highlights the problems of legal regulation in the field of anti-corruption in the conditions of military aggression and suggests ways to improve the relevant anti-corruption legislation. The article draws attention to the fact that in modern conditions of military aggression, one of the important conditions not only for victory, but also for the preservation of state sovereignty and the restoration of territorial integrity is the provision of political, economic and social stability in our country. It is claimed that one of the factors that can significantly influence the achievement of these tasks remains corruption. In connection with this, combating corruption should be a component of state policy in all spheres of social and political life and in the defense system. Attention is drawn to the fact that the task of minimizing corruption should become the main direction of the state and the implementation of public administration. in the conditions of martial law, political, economic and social life in our country changed. Although anti-corruption legislation was created, military aggression and modern realities require corrections and improvement of the state anti-corruption policy as a whole. It is concluded that in order to improve the anti-corruption legislation and the prospects for its development, it is necessary to make changes and corrections to it: to improve the procedure for registering corruption reports and the facts of their verification; registration of notifications about the facts of receiving (offers to receive) gifts; improvement of responsibility for illegal actions regarding humanitarian aidThe article substantiates that certain provisions of the anti-corruption legislation need to be revised in the conditions of martial law, in particular: firstly, it concerns restrictions related to the combination with other types of activities of a certain category of persons, which is related to mobilization; clarifications of certain evaluation concepts contained in the Law of Ukraine «On Prevention of Corruption».


'Partnerships' has become a key term in teacher education discourse. Partnerships between universities and schools, have come to function as a strategic and rhetorical
lynchpin in proposals for reform, signifying potential for success in contrast to the failures of the past. This paper seeks to inject a note of caution about such claims with regards to both their capacity to sustain strategic moves for reform, and the novelty of the relations they propose between schools and universities. It does so first, through a brief analysis of the claims for partnerships in recent reviews and proposals for teacher education and, second, through an analysis of historical evidence regarding of relations between teacher training institutions, in England and Australia, over the first half of the twentieth century. It argues that the history of partnerships in teacher education throws light on more recent claims and suggests that they exaggerate the novelty of many of the proposals, and that those proposals,like their predecessors, are trapped within a theory-practice binary that cripples their potential for radical transformation and the production of the sorts of radical solutions to endemic problems they hope for.


Considering that the market demand is stochastic and dependent on effort, this essay shows that the benchmark revenue-sharing contract could not coordinate a three-level supply chain consisting of one manufacturer, one distributor, and one retailer. By assuming that the retailer himself bears the effort cost, coordination is achieved by implementing revenue-sharing contract based on rebate and penalty policy in one transaction or two transactions of three-level supply chain, and the former is a special case of the latter. When the disruptions induce the changes of the market demand, the revenue-sharing contract could not coordinate the supply chain. To deal with the problem, this essay introduces two forms of improved revenue-sharing contracts which have antidisruption ability. The model of improved revenue-sharing contract is optimized when the market demand is in the additive form with effort dependent demand. Formulas are given to calculate the optimal contract parameters. Finally, this essay demonstrates the accuracy of the model of improved revenue-sharing contract with the help of numerical examples.


Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative learning model is one type of group learning that can affect student interaction in the classroom. The learning process during the new normal covid-19 is carried out face-to-face with a limited shift learning system. This study aims to describe students' perceptions of the application of the Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative learning model in physics learning with a shift learning system. The research was conducted at SMA Negeri 2 Lahat, Lahat Regency, South Sumatra Province. The population in this study were all students of class XI IPA totaling 178 people. The sampling technique used was the purposive sampling technique. Determination of the number of samples using the Slovin formula with a confidence level of 90% and an error rate of 10%. Based on calculations using the Slovin formula, a sample of 65 students was obtained. The research instrument is a questionnaire containing 26 statements. The data analysis technique used IBM SPSS 25 software with descriptive statistical analysis techniques. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that students' perceptions of the application of the Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative learning model in physics learning with a shift learning system were in the very positive category, which was 80% and the positive category was 20%.


Equilibrations of 3α- and 3β-azido-5α-cholestan-6-ones with their 5β-isomers were influenced by intramolecular electrostatic interactions between the azide and ketone groups. Calculated values for these interactions were in reasonable accord with the experimental findings. N.m.r. spectroscopic examination of cyclohexyl azide at –80° in carbon disulphide, [2H4]methanol, and [2H8]toluene provided a value for the conformational preference of the azido-group; the most accurate figure was 0·80 ± 0·06 kcal mol–1 for 2M-solutions in carbon disulphide. Differences between the conformational preferences of the azido-, isocyanato-, and isothiocyanato-groups are discussed.


Cost-benefit optimal body mass models have become a cornerstone of behavioral ecology of the nonbreeding period of birds, and make the prediction that fat will increase with increasing deterioration of feeding conditions. Tests of this prediction have relied on comparing fat stores of birds along a vertical height gradient of resource unpredictability (greater snowfall nearer the ground), and lower fat levels in tree-feeders compared with ground-feeders supported the pre- diction in previous studies. Alternatively, as predation risk is often cited as a cost of fat storage, lower fat stores may be caused by greater predation risk higher in the vertical resource gradient compared with the ground microenvironment. Among three species of tree-feeding birds wintering in south-central Kansas, foraging birds frequently preferred a higher sunflower feeder over a similar lower one, with blind and microenvironmental effects considered indirectly. Interspecific dominance rank was significantly and positively correlated with body size. Social dominants frequently displaced subor- dinates from the higher to the lower feeder. Thus a minimum of fat in tree-feeding species that can be explained by pre- dictable resources (low snowfall), not high costs, underscoring the low benefit to fat in this winter foraging guild. Future resource-based tests of optimal fat models will need to measure both costs and benefits of fat in different winter foraging guilds.


A model has been proposed describing the structural phase transitions in ${(\mathrm{C}{\mathrm{H}}_{3}\mathrm{N}{\mathrm{H}}_{3})}_{2}$Cd${\mathrm{Cl}}_{4}$ perovskite layer-type compounds as orientational order-disorder transitions of the C${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$N${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ groups. Each C${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$N${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ group has four possible equilibrium orientations in the cavities between the corner-sharing Cd${\mathrm{Cl}}_{6}$ octahedra and interacts with its nearest neighbors via two- and four-particle interactions. The four-particle interactions describe the fact that the energy of a given configuration of four C${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$N${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ groups surrounding a Cd${\mathrm{Cl}}_{6}$ octahedron depends on the number of N-H\dots{}Cl bonds leading to the axial Cl sites of this octahedron, whereas the two-particle interactions describe the direct coupling between the C${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ ends of the methylammonium groups as well as the indirect coupling via the N-H\dots{}Cl bonds leading to the equatorial Cl sites. In the absence of lattice distortions, the sequence of phase changes is: $\frac{I4}{\mathrm{mmm}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Cmca}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\frac{P{4}_{2}}{\mathrm{ncm}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Cmca}$. Due to nonlinear coupling between the motion of the C${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$N${\mathrm{H}}_{3}$ groups and the rotation of the Cd${\mathrm{Cl}}_{6}$ octahedra, a monoclinic distortion of the lattice sets in as soon as the orthorhombic order parameter exceeds a critical value. For certain reasonable values of the coupling parameters one can thus reproduce the experimentally observed sequence of phase changes: $\frac{I4}{\mathrm{mmm}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Cmca}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\frac{P{4}_{2}}{\mathrm{ncm}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\frac{P{2}_{1}}{b}$.