"The penetration of digital media in the life of the modern man has introduced new ways of expression that endowed the image as global media communication. The contemporary, global human inhabits the ""civilization of the image"". The information it receives daily is in a great measure, offered visually, which is the main characteristic of modern communication. An image allows the community to share thoughts, ideas and attitudes, sets a path to a process of individual or collective reinvention achieves locate patterns or allegories to build the concept of the image you want, that which identifies is the similar theme or different to try to make the new image is voluntary and free of what is being communicated expression. The research of this thesis focused on making a historical journey through the various civilizations and eras in which humans developed from prehistory to the present."


To what extent do legislators respond to the poor? While extensive research demonstrates the poor are largely ignored in legislators' policy calculations, little research examines the degree to whi...


Vial & Ojeda (1990) proposed that the low diversity of herbivorous fishes observed among Percoids might be owing to the existence of morpho-functional restrictions of the feeding apparatus that hinder the acquisition of efficient mechanisms for cropping and ingesting plant material. The morphological and functional evidence presented therein for the herbivorous kyphoid Girella laevi[rons indicates that its morphological specializations are related to structural decouplings of the anterior and posterior regions of the buccal cavity involving the jaw and the hyoid arch. Functionally, these decouplings allow the ingestion of algae in a continuous fashion at low energetic cost. 1n this study, we evaluate the general validity of the proposed model by means of a morphological and functional comparative analysis of the cephalic structures of the four most abundant Kyphosid species of the Chilean coast: the girellids Girella laevifrons (Tschudi), Girella albostriata Steindachner, and Graus nigra Philippi, and the scorpid Scorpis chilensis Guichenot. We found great osteological and myological similarities between the two strict herbivores, G. albostriata and G. laevifrons, thus suggesting that the mechanism previously described for the latter species corresponds very closely to that of the former. This mechanism provides for mandibular manipulation carried out independently by the upper jaw and for a decoupling of the lower jaw into two mechanical units. Graus and Scorpis display a somewhat different morphological design. Although both maintain the intrahyoid decoupling shared by all kyphosid species, they do not present mechanical independence between the upper and lower jaw, nor a capacity for intramandibular movements. In Graus, teeth are well developed, conical, and slightly curved toward the interior. These characteristics make possible a trophic mechanism primarily based on a strong biting especially well suited for carnivory. The structural plan of Scorpis appears more distant from species in the other two genera, althoug it shares with them characters such as the double tendon of the A1 muscle in the maxilla, the intrahyoid articulation, the type of teeth, their replacement system, and the general design of the suspensorium. The particular morphology of the adductor muscles, and the mandibular design of Scorpis suggest a trophic mechanism mainly based on a rapid suction. From a functional viewpoint, the structural differences encountered in the four species analyzed may be understood as modifications related to their different mechanisms of prey capture.


Despite the importance of high technology firms to the global economy, relatively little is known about factors contributing to these firms' long-run growth. We examine these factors using a unique longitudinal dataset combining two waves of detailed surveys of 345 UK high tech firms with performance data from UK official datasets. Overall we conclude that the early strategic decisions made by firms have long-run impacts on their subsequent growth, and we suggest that policy measures targeted at shortfalls faced by these firms may have positive long-term consequences.


In protected horticulture, facility selecting not only relate to investing cost, but a key to realize high effect and high produce. According to that, emboldened intelligent zed system for facility selecting in protected horticulture using ASP.NET and SQL Sever2000 database ,and the system provide effective decision-making for user on facility selecting .Study on the system affording a convenient way to improve the level of protected horticulture production, it also have certain reference significance on developing modern and numerical agriculture.


Objective: The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a genetic predisposition in young patients
with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder.
Material And Methods: Data were collected from a total of 652 patients who underwent transurethral
resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) between January 2010 and January 2021. Seven patients under the age
of 40, non-smokers, and without occupational predisposing factors to urinary tract TCC were included in the
study. Age, body mass index (BMI), sex, occupation, and five-year follow-up were collected retrospectively.
A total of 403 cancer-related genes were analyzed from the patients' blood samples. The Clinical Exome
Sequencing test was used to identify genetic mutations.
Results: Six of the patients were male and one patient was female. The mean age and BMI were 31.42 ± 2.12
(22-39) years and 21.72 ± 33.14 (22-27.7) kg/m2, respectively. None of the patients had a first-degree relative
with urinary tract TCC. Of all the patients, only one patient had a deletion of exons 1 to 17 in the breakpoint
cluster region gene.
Conclusion: Genetic predisposing factors in young bladder TCC have not been clearly identified. Although
our study included a limited number of patients, our results showed no genetic predisposition in young
patients with bladder TCC without family history of bladder cancer. To evaluate the exact relationship,
prospective randomised controlled trials with larger numbers of patients are needed.


The acquirement of seafloor small target information is one of the most important tasks of a side-scan sonar (SSS) survey. Thus, SSS small target detection becomes fundamental work for SSS applications which holds vital importance for marine engineering, maritime military, and so on. However, existing methods cannot take the prior shadow information into consideration well, which would easily miss small targets. In this article, a novel SSS small target detection method considering shadow characteristics is proposed. First, we give a detailed analysis of the SSS imaging theory as well as the prior information about the characteristics of shadows. Then, considering the prior information of the SSS short-shadow, the second partial derivative of the Gaussian function is specifically introduced for the construction of a weighted item. After that, incorporating the weighted item with the $l_{21}$ -norm, $l_{1}$ -norm, and low-rank constraints on the noise, the target, as well as the background, respectively, a weighted sparse detection model is proposed. To further take the long-shadows into consideration, a long-shadow detection method and its corresponding target detection method are proposed. By combining the two detection results, we get the comprehensive detection result. Experiments based on SSS images in different scenarios proved the validity of the proposed method.


Objective To establish a high stabilizing reaction system for Polygonatum odoratum ISSR-PCR.Methods The Polygonatum odoratum DNA was extracted with improved CTAB technique and the template DNA concentration,primer concentration,Mg2+ concentration,dNTP concentration,Taq polymerase dosage and temperature were researched respectively.Result The best reaction system of Polygonatum odoratum was in the 20 μL system containing 1×buffer,15 ng template DNA,0.4 μmol/L primer,2 mmol/L Mg2+,1.0 U Taq polymerase,200 μmol/L dNTP.Conclusion This reaction system is suitable to amplification of ISSR-PCR of Polygonatum odoratum and has given good foundation for further study of Polygonatum odoratum.


Background: Cow's milk is one of the most frequent food allergens. Whole casein appears to be highly allergenic. It corresponds to an association of four different proteins, αs1-, αs2-, β- and *-caseins in approximate proportions of 40, 10, 40, and 10%, respectively. Methods: These different components were thus purified and used as immobilized antigens in an original enzyme immunoassay to measure specific serum IgE response in a population of 58 children (median age 11 months) allergic to cow's milk who were sensitive to whole casein. Results: A great variability was observed in the affinity and specificity of specific IgE responses in milk-allergic patients' sera. 85% of the patients presented IgE against each of the four caseins. Statistically higher amounts of specific IgE were found to be directed against the most abundant fractions (αs1- and β-casein). Co- and/or cross-sensitization to the different caseins were seen in most of the patients sensitive to whole casein. Conclusion: These results suggest that both distinct and common epitopes may occur on these different caseins. The major site of phosphorylation which is the most conserved domain in three caseins could be involved in the IgE response to casein and in immunocross-reactivity between these proteins.


We prove that for infinite, countable, compact, Hausdorff spaces K,L, C(K)⊗̂πC(L) is isomorphic to exactly one of the spaces C(ωω ξ )⊗̂πC(ω ζ ), 0 6 ζ 6 ξ < ω1. We also prove that C(K)⊗̂πC(L) is not isomorphic to C(M) for any compact, Hausdorff space M .


Electrochemical Machining (ECM) is a distinctive method of machining hard materials whose application are most commonly found in the fields of aerospace and automobile. This process which does not have any contact between the tool and work piece has its working based on anodic dissolution and governed on the phenomena of Faraday's law of electrolysis. The machining action happens when a potential voltage is applied between the tool and the work piece and when a suitable electrolyte is allowed to flow in between the gap. The precision of the operation depends on the parameters considered. Selecting the suitable parameters to obtain an accurate result is a big task. Because of this, ECM is considered as one of the complex and nonlinear processes. One of the major complexity that lies in ECM is the Overcut. Since the accuracy of the machining is scaled with the overcut values, it is important to determine a suitable way to reduce the Overcut. Researches and studies have showed that overcut is predominantly caused because of the stray current on the sides of the non-insulated electrode which causes electrolytic erosion and thus producing oversized holes. Having this in mind, this paper deals with an exhaustive review study on the insulation of the electrodes and the methods of providing insulation. Also this paper covers the work carried out on the effect of insulation over Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Overcut. Keywords—Insulation, Overcut, Material Removal Rate(MRR), Stray erosion.


1. Details for geography disclosure risks in Section 3.2.1. To describe the computations of geography disclosure risk, we use the notation from the main text. Recall that we considered two scenarios. In the high risk scenario, the intruder knows everything except for one target's si, i.e., X and S −i. In the low-risk scenario, the intruder does not know any records' geographies. For both scenarios, we assume that M includes everything about the trees except the individual geographies in the nodes; that is, the data steward releases the splitting rules for each tree and the kernel bandwidths, i.e., (Yλ, hλ,Yφ, hφ). We note that the computations are specific to the CART synthesizer; nonetheless, the general probability formulation can be adapted to other methods of data generation.


A hypothesis was tested that the cause of a damaging marginal bract necrosis common to 'Gutbier V-14 Glory' poinsettia is a deficiency of Ca that is expressed when the rapidly growing bract outdistances the current supply of Ca. Plants were grown in the greenhouse in a sedge peat-EauGallie sand mix with fertility adjustments designed to moderately enhance Ca deficiency. Twice-weekly foliar applications of Ca (432 ppm) were begun at the stage of first bract coloration to attempt to prevent necrosis. In addition to bract necrosis, puckering of bracts occurred on controls but not in Ca-treated plants. In another experiment, induced Ca deficiency symptomology included bract necrosis. Calcium chloride spray essentially prevented the necrosis. Necrotic bract marginal tissue had 0.07% Ca, whereas sprayed tissue contained more than three times this Ca concentration.


As purslane seed oil consists of desirable fatty acid, it could be considered as a new nutritious table oil. This work is aimed to study the effect of bio-active compounds of olive mill solid wastes (OMSWs) on oxidative stability of purslane seed oil, and the influence of solvent type on the extraction of polyphenols. Extraction was conducted using 80% methyl and ethyl alcohols "in water". Total phenolic content, antioxidant activity was investigated. Identification of bio-active compounds was achieved using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass-spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) method. Forty two phenolic compounds were identified. The highest antioxidant activity by DPPH was determined in olive leaves (OL) in both methanol and ethanol extract (89.32 and 84.18 %, respectively). The obtained results revealed that type of extracting solvent has a significant influence on total phenolic concentration of OMSWs in which methanol is the most efficient extraction solvent. Furthermore, the oxidative stability of the control oil was found to be the lowest (5.33 h). While addition of olive extracts improved the oil oxidative stability, so that the highest oxidative stability (13.17 h) was found in oil treated by OL methanol extract.


Internet of Things sensor nodes, which integrate information acquisition, processing, exchange, and execution modules, have widely been used for unattended industrial production, environmental monitoring, and other fields. However, limited battery power constrains the lifespan of the sensor nodes. In this paper, we propose a near-zero-power infrared relay consists of microfluidic switches and a metamaterial absorber (MA). When target appears, the MA absorbs the infrared energy emitted from the target and uses it to turn on the microfluidic switch. When valid information is not present, the microfluidic switch is in "off" state with a high resistance of over 109 Ω. The infrared relay with a pair of microfluidic switches shows common mode suppression capability against environmental temperature variation. We further demonstrate a sensor node consists of the infrared relay and a MoS2 photodetector. In a standby mode, the sensor node shows near-zero power consumption. As target infrared signal occurs, the photodetector is wakened by the infrared relay and illustrates excellent optical sensing performance. The simplicity of this approach provides a route for significantly extending the lifespan of sensor nodes powered by batteries, especially the sensor nodes for detecting infrequent but critical events.


Kohne Pasgah Tepesi is an ancient mound site in the Araxes (Aras) River valley, in the Khodaafarin delta. It was surveyed and excavated as part of the Khoda Afarin dam project. This paper presents the preliminary results of those investigations. Five cultural phases have been recognized, which has accompanying radiocarbon dates. Evidence suggests that the site was continually occupied from the Late Chalcolithic through to the end of the Early Bronze Age. The changes that did occur appear to have been gradual and not disruptive.*.


Discusses the features and problems of physical training of womencadets in educational institutions of the MIA of Russia, as well as the results of a preliminary study of their physical fitness. As a result, the criteria of physical fitness of women working in the authority of the interior affairs were formed. Discloses the concepts such as models and modeling activities. Performs the analysis of domestic and foreign experts in the definition of methods for modeling and simulated situations, both in sports and in service activities. Defines the most effective fighting techniques of wrestling for women staff in the action against the offender. Developed special training complexes, simulating the conditions of detention of offenders, that significantly improve the pedagogical process of mastering the complex of technical and tactical actions.


Most acoustic techniques used to classify seafloor sediments rely on operator experience and require extensive ground‐truth data to calibrate system predictions. Recent developments in transducer design, inversion and deconvolution techniques, and sensor motion composition should improve the reliability and accuracy of normal‐incidence, seafloor classification techniques. This presentation provides an introduction to papers that describe the application of these techniques to normal‐incidence acoustic returns collected from a variety of siliciclastic and carbonate sediments in coastal waters surrounding Florida and the Bahamas. Site locations and descriptions, sediment characteristics based on in situ and laboratory measurements, and a description of the acoustic measurement techniques are given. In addition, 3‐D visualization techniques that provide near real‐time presentation of results are described. Profiles of sediment acoustic impedance, compressional wave attenuation, seafloor roughness, and volume...


In 1902, Neumann referred to the concept of Luxuskonsumption in his habilitation thesis, essentially stating that we can dissipate excess nutritional energy as heat to keep slim: "On the other hand, we also know very well that someone who otherwise 'lives well' consumes a sufficient amount of food and in the process enters into a luxury consumption in the organism" (1)*. Sixty years later, the thermogenic function of brown fat was first recognized, leading to significant research efforts to address the role of the sympathetic nervous system for coldand diet-induced thermogenesis in brown fat. Recruitment and activation of brown fat thermogenesis was envisioned as a feasible strategy to promote negative energy balance and lose weight. In retrospect, research targeting brown fat for obesity therapy has been characterized by phases of skepticism and enthusiasm, with the latter currently prevailing (2). To date, however, it remains unclear whether sufficient brown fat capacity for energy expenditure can be recruited in people with obesity to reduce body weight effectively (3). In the positive case, this would require that increased brown fat thermogenesis is not fully compensated by increasing food intake (4). Ten years ago, landmark publications reported on the presence of cold-inducible brown fat in human adults (5). Cold-inducible activation of human brown fat is impaired with age and in people with obesity and type 2 diabetes, whereas cold acclimation initiates remission in association with improved metabolic homeostasis. In principle, given the current estimate of more than 300 g, total brown fat mass in humans could significantly promote negative energy balance if permanently active (6). Our lifestyle in thermoneutral environments, however, normally precludes cold-induced brown fat activation.


There will be three quizzes as well as a final exam in the course. Each quiz will count as 15% of your final grade. The final will also count 15%. Participation in Discussion Sections will count 10%. Feedback submissions in class will count 5%. The remaining 25% of your grade will be based on a series of short papers that you will write through the semester. The quizzes test understanding of material covered in lectures and reading over a five- to seven-week period. The final exam will deal with comprehensive material covered in the course. Paper assignments will be dealt with primarily in Discussion Sections. Required Texts


Incisional/ventral hernia repair has changed in the last 20 years. Posterior component separation like TAR (transversus abdominis muscle release) has increased as a revolutionary technique. On the other hand, the use of botulinum toxin (BT) has allowed better closure defect with no tension. We present a preliminary original protocol named ROBOTOX for complex incisional /ventral hernia repair that combined BT and robotic surgery to minimize the TAR procedure.

 BT (Dysport®) was administered in patients with a complex incisional hernia repair and a transverse defect ≧8cm one month before robotic surgery. Demographic variables (age, sex, BMI), EHS classification, need of TAR, size transverse defect, postoperative complications and recurrence were studied. All patients had a previous CT scan.

 Five patients were included in ROBOTOX protocol, 3 men and 2 women with a median age of 63±8, median BMI of 32±3. Four patients had a M3W3 and one a L3 W2 hernia. Median size defect of 11,2±2. Three of them only needed Rives technique, one a unilateral TAR and one a 5 cm dissection of bilateral TAR. At the moment, with a FU of 6±2 months, no recurrences have been reported.

 Robotic surgery combined with BT would allow a downstaging treatment in patients with complex incisional/ventral hernias. A major cases and long term follow up is needed to better conclusions.


T HERE IS A STRONG TENDENCY in scholarship on Paule Marshall's fiction to focus on what Eugenia Collier calls the movement "from division to wholeness," to emphasize the protagonist's connection with cherished and empowering community. 1 Although the path may be bumpy-as it certainly is in Brown Girl, Brownstones-connection is generally achieved in the novels, typically in a powerful turning point scene. In Brown Girl, Brownstones, that scene occurs after Selina's harrowing experience of racism, when she emerges from the subway in Brooklyn and looks at her community with new eyes. 2 At that life-altering moment she feels an intense sense of "oneness" with the people around her: Miss Thompson, the prostitutes and the "flashy men"; significantly, she also feels "one" with her mother and the other Bajan women. In focusing on this pattern, scholars are following Marshall's own lead. All of her novels begin by emphasizing conflict, war, or separation; each ultimately resolves the dualism or complexity into a yearned for-unity, often achieved through bonding with the communal group or through immersion in a broader "community" of collective heritage and ancestry. In addition, Marshall's comments on her own work have strongly influenced the direction that scholarship on her fiction has taken. In her important 1973 essay, "Shaping the World of My Art," 3 Marshall identifies (re)connection with ancestral community as a source of "wholeness" and power, as a basis of her political vision, and as a fundamental element of her personal aesthetic. In this essay, I would like to open up Marshall's fiction and this dominant interpretive structure by looking at one dimension of her work in which a different message seems


AbstractIn this paper, the pipeline leak localization problem using transient data is investigated. Signal processing techniques that proved successful in wireless communications and acoustics are ...


: The purpose of the research is to study the evaluation of the professional placement (PKL) administration implementation using the administrative information system (pkl.ft.unnes.ac.id) based on the user's perception for the improvement of Professional Placement Information System Management (PKL SIM). This research includes the study of input, process and output from the SIM PKL FT UNNES. The research uses evaluative research method by using a series of system testing tables to determine the performance of PKL SIM based on the flow carried out by each user. This study uses RUP model. RUP (Rational Unified Process) method is an interactive system development stage specifically aimed for object-oriented programming. The results of this study are the development of SIM PKL that has experienced improvement such as the content of supervisors editing data, data synchronization with simpeg, data editing of group, and content that allows letter printing. UAT Test Result is submitted to the perpetrators of the information system, that the coordinator of study program and PKL administration in the department and the faculty shows that the results of SIM PKL development are 100% well received.


ECONOMIC DETERMINISM is so widely identified with Marxian socialism that it is seldom remembered now that there are, or have been, other varieties. It is, however, possible to interpret social phenomena by way of agricultural economics and agricultural history. Not nearly so well known as his American contemporary, Henry George, the Italian writer, Achille Loria was equally concerned with the construction of a system of agrarian determinism. This paper proposes to summarize his general theory, as developed in the available English translations.


One-dimensional (1D) hybrid nanofibers with surface-deposited gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been fabricated by self-assembly of rod-like tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) with mussel-inspired polymerization of dopamine and in situ reduction of gold ion, providing a method for sensing the endocytic pathway of nanomaterial.


A method of typing H. influenzae by the precipitin reaction is described. The procedure consists of dissolving the bacterial culture in 90% phenol to destroy the specificity of the somatic proteins followed by alcoholic precipitation of the denatured proteins and type specific polysaccharide. The carbohydrate is extracted from the precipitate with saline and portions of the saline extract added to samples of the six type specific antisera. A positive test is indicated only by a marked turbidity, which develops within five minutes after mixing and denotes the extraction of at least 0.01 mgm. of polysaccharide. A strong positive test is, of course, regularly obtained in the case of cultures shown to be encapsulated by the usual capsular swelling technique. However, the method was devised as an attempt to ascertain whether non-typable (by the capsular swelling technique) derivatives of strains of known type or non-typable, but suspected respiratory pathogens, isolated from clinical material, contained detect...


The current status of various research pro- grams on mercury electron-bombardment thrusters is reviewed. Future thruster ,requirements as pre- dicted from mission analysis are briefly discussed t o establish the relationship with present pro- grams. Thrusters ranging i n size from 5 t o 150 cm diameter are described. These thrusters have possible near t o far term applications extending from station keeping t o primary propulsion, respec- tively. power-to-thruSt ratio of 220 kW/lb; the 15 cm diam- eter SERT I1 thruster; and, a 30 cm thruster designed t o produce a 1.5 ampere beam at 2,700 sec sp6cific impulse. components are reported i n the context of the vari- ous thruster programs. These include glass-coated, single acceleratdr grids that have a c c m a t e d more than 500 hr operating time; higbcurrent hollm cathodes of 10 amperes emission; and, a minim-B discharge chamber.


This article is based on the observation and statistics analysis of the movement of people in subway station waiting rooms. We choose two important subway stations of No.1 subway line in Shanghai which are People Square Station and South Shanxi Road Station for our experiment. It is found that the space distribution unevenness of the people's flow exits in different train doors of the same station at one time. Two velocity-density mathematical models are put forward. One is 1-d model about the movement of people near train door region in the waiting room and the other is 2-d model for getting on train people of the whole room. The time of people getting on train is formulated, and it accords with the observe data. It is also predicted by the new model that the time of people getting on train under the influence of safety separate wall.


Brest cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer-induced deaths in women in Europe. Systematic early detection through screening, effective diagnostic pathways and optimal treatment have the ability to substantially lower current breast cancer mortality rate. To produce image of the internal breast structure (mammogram) with adequate quality, each part of the imaging chain must function properly. Nowadays, image processing algorithms play a significant role in enhancements and visibility of specific image details. In this work, digitizing mammograms were analyzed using basic point operators to highlight particular features and to extract quantitative information. Main focus was to the contrast enhancement between "suspicious" breast structures and adjacent tissues. Basic algorithms such as normalization, equalization and thresholding were applied and their actions have been shown in both: the image and its histogram. Matlab as an image processing tool was used. It was shown that basic point operators could be successfully used to help radiologists by increasing probability in early detection of breast cancer, even if the original image was not optimally taken.


View based representations have become very popular for recognition tasks. In this contribution, we argue that the potential of the approach is not yet fully tapped: Tasks need not to be "homogeneous", i.e. there is no need to restrict a system e.g. to either "object classification " or "gesture recognition". Instead, qualitatively different problems like gesture recognition and scene evaluation can be handled simultaneously by the same system. This feature makes the view based approach a well suited tool for robotics as will be demonstrated for the domain of an end-effector camera. In the described scenario, the task is threefold: Recognition of object types, judging the stability of grasps on objects and hand gesture classification. As this task leads to a large variety of views, a neural network–based recognition architecture specifically designed to represent very non-linear distributions of samples representing views will be described. 1


This note introduces the current corporate governance system in China, identifies its key problems and assesses recent improvements and future challenges.


Whether its data-driven policing, trending-topic algorithms, security breaches, or American politics, the concept of big data continues to dominate policy discussions, news headlines, and industry trend reports. Metcalf, Keller, and Boyd (2017) explained, "The explosion of data collection, sharing, and analytics known as "big data" is a rapidly sprawling phenomenon that promises to have tremendous impacts on economics, policing, security, science, education, policy, governance, health care, public health, and much more" (p. 3). This phenomenon presents ethical challenges related to privacy, confidentiality, transparency, and identity. Richards and King (2014a), admittedly, are obsessed with questions such as, "Who owns all that data that you're analyzing? Are there limits to what kinds of inferences you can make, or what decisions can be made about people based on those inferences?" (para. 1). They wrote, "Law will be an important part of Big Data Ethics, but so too must the establishment of ethical principles and best practices that guide government, corporations, and users. We must all be part of the conversation, and part of the solution" (p. 396). In their Wake Forest Law Review article, Richards and King (2014b) concluded, "Big data ethics are for everyone" (p. 432). Thus, this issue's trend report focuses on big data, privacy, and digital ethics. Three recently published books have the potential to inform media ethics research across multiple professions, particularly given the emphasis on data analytics in both journalism and strategic communication. All of these books could be required reading in both undergraduate and graduate seminar courses.


In repetitive trajectories, adaptable compliance actuators can minimize energy consumption thanks to their ability to adjust the level of stiffness which allows the exploitation of the natural dynamics of their link based on the desired motion's frequency. However for most of these actuators in case of a variable frequency motion, it is not energetically beneficial to exploit the natural dynamics in the real time due to the considerably high amount of energy needed to change the stiffness. AwAS (Actuator with Adjustable Stiffness) achieves the stiffness regulation not through the control of the spring pretension (as in most of the existing variable stiffness joints) but by controlling the location of the spring elements. An important consequence of this mechanism is that the displacement needed to change the stiffness is perpendicular to the forces generated by the springs which in turn helps to minimize the energy/power required to regulate the stiffness. It is experimentally shown that AwAS is capable of minimizing energy consumption through exploiting the natural dynamics in real time for both fixed and variable frequency motions.


The main purpose of this research work was to optimize the production of urate oxidase through mutagensis of Bacillus subtilis.The organism was subjected to ultra violet irradiation and chemical mutagenesis. Ethyle methane sulfonate treated B.subtilis (180 minutes) was proved to be the best for optimum production of urate oxidase by 3 log kill/survival curve.Fermentation medium was also optimized, it was found that substrate concentration (0.5%), fermentation period (36 h), pH (8.5), temperature (35 oC), yeast extract (0.3%) and sucrose (2%) enhanced the activity of the parent and mutant derived enzyme.The enzyme was purified by adopting different techniques i.e ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. It was observed that mutated enzyme exhibited 97.56 U/mg specific activity with 256.73 fold improvement.The purified urate oxidase was run on SDS-PAGE which determined a single band with molecular weight of 34 kDa.The purified BSM-2 possessed Km and V max value 0.067 M and 133.3 IU mg-1 min-1 respectively.The optimum pH and temperature for catalytic activity were 7.5 and 35oC respectively.The activation energy for formation of ES complex was 43.4 kJ/mol.Enthalpy (ΔH*), entropy of activation and Gibbs free energy demands for urate oxidase inactivation were 30.26 kJ/mol, -106.27 J mol-1 K-1, 62.99 kJ/mol respectively.Barium chloride, potassium cyanide and zinc sulfate decreased the activity of the enzyme.Whereas, sodium chloride (0.6M), potassium chloride (0.4M) and calcium chloride (0.4M) enhanced the enzymatic activity 123%, 117% and 119% respectively.


The factors of concerning the inhabitant consumer behavior under the market economy system are trunkful.Among them the factors of system and economy are the ruling ones,as a result of these factors' influences,it causes inhabitant's expense behavior to have the corresponding traits.In the recent years,along with the deepgoing development of the market economy system reform in our country,the consumer behavior of our inhabitant community features has had the tremendous change.It chiefly displays in: having partiality for the consumer behavior transformed from identicalization into diversification;having the system anticipated risk transformed from the short-term into the long-term.


Thomas Aquinas's theology of peace rarely receives the attention it deserves in current scholarship. This might give someone following the secondary literature the impression that Aquinas either is unconcerned with peace or has nothing noteworthy to say. However, this would be far from the truth. Aquinas was quite concerned with peace. For example, commenting on the Psalm 33, he states that, if your neighbor is fighting against you, "then it belongs to you to seek peace," and if your neighbor is seeking peace with you, then "you should pursue it too." In another place, he calls peace "intensely enjoyable." He even calls peace the last of all goods and the


RECOGNIZE NEW FOREIGN GOVERNMENTS Nonrecognition of new foreign governments which have achieved territorial security has developed, during the twentieth century, into an important aspect of United States foreign policy.z The United States has continued to recognize certain governments even after they have been ousted from all control over the territory they formerly controlled. Recognition of new foreign governments has been delayed for as much as sixteen years.2 This policy has created new problems in private litigation. Where the law of a foreign nation properly applies, the legislative, administrative, and judicial acts of an exiled government which continues to be recognized despite the relinquishment of territorial control, compete for acceptance with the acts of the new and unrecognized government. The choice of law may depend upon the locus of the events involved in the particular case. The time of the judicial determination may also be important since a court which applies the law of the old government before recognition may apply the law of the new government after recognition. A party who participated in transactions to which the laws of one of the governments properly apply may find his rights and duties changed by recognition. Thus, banks and other commercial interests face possible double liability unless they can bring all the parties claiming under both laws together in one suit during the period of nonrecognition. These problems were raised in a recent case, Bank of China v. Wells Fargo Bank & Union Trust Co.,3 where a California bank, holding a deposit of a bank chartered by the Republic of China (Nationalist), was faced with the opposing claims of the old Nationalist-appointed representatives and agents appointed by the new People's Republic of China (Communist). Because of the difficulties involved, the federal district court postponed determination of the claimants' rights sine die. I


INTRODUCTION
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis represents 0.5 - 1% of all cerebrovascular diseases.

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological, clinical, and imaging features of the disease, as well as the outcomes of patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, and to explore the characteristics associated with unfavorable patient outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this cross-sectional, retrospective study, the medical records of 37 patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis were analyzed.

RESULTS
Eighty-six percent of the patients were women, and the mean patient age was 41 years. The most frequently reported symptom was headache (86.5%); headache was the single presenting symptom in 40.5% of the patients. Sixty-eight percent of the patients had at least one risk factor, the most frequent of which was obesity (24.3%). A total of 43.2% of the patients had no focal neurological findings. The most common finding on computerized tomography (CT) was hyperdense venous sinuses; on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), the most common finding was venous infarction. On average, 2.27±1.3 sinuses were involved; most frequently, the transverse venous sinuses were affected. The average hospital stay was 7.8±3.6 days. At hospital discharge, the outcomes were favorable in 92% of the patients, and the mortality rate was 5.4%.

CONCLUSIONS
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a different type of cerebrovascular disorder, with distinct epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentations and functional outcomes. The diagnosis is based on clinical suspicion because of the unspecific clinical presentation of the disease.


A rapid turbidimetric method for the determination of serum lipase is described. The substrate is a nearly pure triglyceride in Tris buffer, with sodium deoxycholate as the emulsifying agent. The method is equal in sensitivity to the titrimetric measure of serum lipase using a modified Cherry-Crandall substrate.

The serum of patients with acute pancreatitis contains a lipase with optimal action at pH 9.1 and sodium deoxycholate concentration of 0.35%. These are different from the optimal pH and bile salt requirement for lipase activity in normal serum or duodenal contents.


A study has been made of a few different freely available Quantum Computer simulators. All the simulators tested are available online on their respective websites. A number of tests have been perfo ...


Objective:To explore the antitumor activities of bis-Schiff bases and its complexes on restraining HL-60.Methods:A novel keto bis-Schiff base ligand and its transition metal Cu(II)、Zn(II)、Mn(II)、Co(II)、Ni(II)complexes were prepared and marked by element analysis,IR,UV-Vis,molar conductivity and 1H NMR.Their antitumor activities of restraining HL-60 were evaluated with MTT method.Results:The IC50 of the ligand and its Cu(II),Zn(II),Mn(II)complexes were:37.25±3.66,1.01±0.48,32.59±1.91,39.20±2.31 separately,for Co(II)Ni(II)complexes the IC50 were both 40a.Besides,IC50 of VP-16 was 3.21±1.45.Conclusions:It can be inferred that the Schiff base ligand and its Cu,Zn,Mn,Co and Ni complexes all shows antitumor activities of restraining HL-60,the copper(II)complex,specifically,is substantially more active than the ligand itself or any other reported compounds.


The application of special coal bed methane(CBM) drilling rig is an effective way to improve CBM development speed and reduce development costs.The paper focuses on the introduction of the application of the SCB CBM drilling rig.The major points are as follows.First,the rig is characterized by strong trafficability,strong climbing capacity and strong endurance in road running.It is smooth in operation and safe and reliable with a maximum speed of 70 km / h.Second,the rig displays its excellent performance mainly in adapting to different geological structures and well bore structures with variable BHA and drilling parameters.The rig is flexible in operation and convenient in transportation.Finally,the corresponding measures are offered to deal with the problems in the use of the rig.


The rheological properties and surface tensions of polymer solutions and polymer-surfactant mixed solutions were investigated. The polymers used in this study were a homopolymer of acrylic acid crosslinked with an allyl ether of pentaerythritol, an allyl ether of sucrose, or an allyl ether of propylene (CARBOMER), acylate/C10-30 alkyl acylate crosspolymer (AAAC), and ammonium acryloydimethyltaurate/VP copolymer (ADTV). A solubilizing agent PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil (HCO-40) and an emulsifying agent polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (POLYSORBATE 60) made the micelles intervening between AAAC polymers, resulting in the increase of viscosity. However, HCO-40 made this behavior over the wider range of surfactant concentration than POLYSORBATE 60. From the view point of surface tensions in the same range of surfactant concentration, AAAC/HCO-40 solution showed the area of increasing surface tension with surfactant concentration in contrast to the AAAC/POLYSORBATE 60 solution showing no increasing area.


In a central control unit (SCP) of the transmission system which is informed about all combination points (CP1, CP2) at which two redundant transmission paths are combined or a single transmission path is divided, the combination point (e.g. CP2) at which the last two transmission paths are combined or the single transmission path is allocated is selected as the transition point (IWP) in the transmission system at which mobile radio net-specific data contained in the transmission frame are converted into stationary net-specific coded data. Thus the transition point for converting the mobile radio net-specific coded data can be locally and flexibly established during a dynamic change in the number of redundant transmission paths (macro-diversity), where a combination point combines the last two transmission paths or divides the single transmission path.


The 2006 Australian census data and Hugh Mackay's observations on society's and young people's views on marriage are briefly mentioned as a context for this essay. Catholic thinking, both magisterial and theological, has explored in great detail what it means to be a human person. These in turn have become part of teaching on the marriage relationship of husband and wife and the interpersonal relationships and dynamics of family life. In this paper I will chart the development of Catholic magisterial teaching on marriage and the way in which understandings of personhood and personal relationships have been progressively incorporated into official teaching. Whether this evolving understanding entails an organic and harmonious development or a distinct rupture with the tradition will be a question to be borne in mind throughout this essay. As the title of this paper indicates an attempt will be made to discern whether magisterial teaching on marriage has been merely reactive to a range of external and internal factors over the course of a century. If this is not the case, then has the magisterium contributed significantly to a new understanding and appreciation of the personal relationships central to the theological insights and lived reality of sacramental marriage?


Optimal design equations for circular and parabolic bed trapezoidal canal sections are presented in this paper. A cost function involving earthwork cost and lining cost has been considered and Manning's equation has been used as a constraint function. The resulting optimisation problem involving a non-linear cost function with the non-linear equality constraint has been converted in non-dimensional form and has then been solved by Lagrange's method of undetermined multipliers for the minimum area section and by applying Solver by MS Excel for minimum cost sections. The study also addresses the bounds on the canal dimensions. The design equations for a constrained section, a minimum earthwork cost section and a minimum cost lined section have been obtained through minimisation of errors or regression analysis. The proposed design equations are in explicit form and result in optimal dimensions of a canal in single step computations. A design example involving different cases has been presented to demonstrat...


A review of the radionuclides produced in nuclear reactors and their applications as radiotracers in hydrology, agriculture, industry, medicine, the environment and research in general are presented, both in Latin America and those produced in Colombia since 1965 with the Research Nuclear Reactor IAN-R1, so that under that view it is possible to reactivate the production of radionuclides in the country as 198Au, 24Na, 32P and 82Br.


Fiber optics, which played a crucial role in reinventing the telecommunications industry, have historically been noted for their potential in other facets of science and technology. Yet, expensive and difficult-to-use equipment kept fiber optics from meeting their potential. The authors of the article work for two firms striving to incorporate new low-cost fiber optic systems into different facets of the science industry. Through their research, they found that static applications in the field of engineering—such as using fiber optic sensors to test infrastructure—provided the perfect environment in which to test and develop fiber optic technology. Before they could apply their systems to the field of civil engineering, developers of fiber optic technology first had to produce cost-efficient, user-friendly products. To keep prices down, fiber optic sensor systems are now made using low-cost digital electronics such as LED screens and broad-band light-emitting diodes for simplified monitoring. Also, systems have been developed that allow easy interfacing with a PC through low-level software. To test this new wave of fiber optic technology, the authors conducted strain tests of a laboratory bridge column using embedded fiber optic sensors. The sensors not only matched the performance of conventional strain gauges, but also offered such benefits as more comprehensive data and noncorrosive, easy-to-install system components.


The problem addressed in this study was to determine if a significant association exists between attributions and academic achievement among students in a program of religious training at a Bible
college. The research was designed to ascertain if optimistic attributions are more frequently associated with students in programs of religious education than with students in a public state-supported university environment. No significant correlation was found between optimistic explanatory styles and the academic achievement of Bible college students. A significant positive difference was found to exist between the explanatory styles of students at The Criswell College and students at the University of North Texas.
Students in religious courses of study tended toward attributions for negative events that were external, unstable, and specific. The University of North Texas students tended toward attributions for negative events that were internal, stable, and global.


MART-1 is one of the highly cited pigment cell-specific proteins since it has been considered as a good candidate for immunotherapy against malignant melanoma. However, little is known on its biology, regulation and function. Its specific expression in the pigment cell lineage and subcellular localization to melanosomes suggest that it might be involved in pigmentation. Here we addressed this issue and have generated a new knockout mouse model. Our study showed that MART-1 loss led to a coat color phenotype, reduced melanin production and aberrant melanosomes.


Common methods for the postprocessing of deterministic 2-meter temperature (T2m) forecasts over US were evaluated from +12 to +120 h lead. Forecast data were extracted from the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS) v12 reforecast data set and thinned to a 1/2-degree grid. Analyzed data from the European Centre/Copernicus reanalysis (ERA5) were used for training and validation. Data from the 2000-2018 period were used for training, and 2019 forecasts were validated. The post-processing methods compared were the raw forecast guidance, a decaying-average bias correction (DAV), quantile mapping (QM), a univariate model output statistics (uMOS) algorithm, and a multi-variate (mvMOS) algorithm. mvMOS used the raw forecast temperature, the DAV adjustment, and the QM adjustment as predictors.Forecasts from all the post-processing methods reduced the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and bias relative to the raw guidance. QM produced forecasts with slightly higher error than DAV. DAV estimates were the most consistent from day to day. uMOS and mvMOS produced statistically significant lower RMSEs than DAV at forecast leads longer than 1 day, with mvMOS exhibiting the lowest error. Taylor diagrams showed that the MOS methods reduced the variability of the forecasts while improving forecast-analyzed correlations. QM and DAV modified the distribution of forecasts to more closely exhibit those of the analyzed data.A main conclusion is that the judicious statistical combination of guidance from multiple post-processing methods is capable of producing forecasts with improved error statistics relative to any one individual technique. As each method applied here is algorithmically relatively simple, this suggests that operational deterministic postprocessing could produce improved T2m guidance.


In the past decades, the process of urbanization has shaped general socio-economic aspects of cities with different population sizes. Among them, food consumption is a good indicator to reflect the quality of life. In this paper, we study the impact of city size on food preferences, as shown by users of a large German food sharing community. We quantitatively and qualitatively analyze differences in dietary choices made by users who indicate to live in cities of different sizes, from metropolises and big cities to medium and small towns. Further, we demonstrate that the city size of the creators of online recipes can be predicted with a good accuracy of 86%, using predictors based on recipe authors' profiles, recipe popularity, season, and recipe complexity and contents. The findings indicate that city size is a useful feature to take into account in various other domains.


It has been observed that quantum walks on regular lattices can give rise to wave equations for relativistic particles in the continuum limit. In this paper we define the 3D walk as a product of three coined one-dimensional walks. The factor corresponding to each one-dimensional walk involves two projection operators that act on an internal coin space, each projector is associated with either the "forward" or "backward" direction in that physical dimension. We show that the simple requirement that there is no preferred axis or direction along an axis---that is, that the walk be symmetric under parity transformations and rotations that swap the axes of the cubic lattice---leads to the requirement that the continuum limit of the walk is fully Lorentz invariant. We show further that, in the case of a massive particle, this simple symmetry requirement necessitates that inclusion of antimatter---the use of a four-dimensional internal space---and that the "coin flip" operation is generated by the parity transformation on the internal coin space, while the differences of the projection operators associated to each dimension must all anticommute. Finally, we discuss the leading correction to the continuum limit, and the possibility of distinguishing through experiment between the discrete random walk and the continuum-based Dirac equation as a description of fermion dynamics.


Multimedia content cannot be retrieved effectively unless metadata describing it is generated. However, metadata generation tends to be time-consuming and expensive, since it typically involves human beings going through the content and manually tagging it. The paper shows how automatic speech recognition (ASR) technology can be used to carry out metadata generation with significantly less expenditure of human effort. The paper describes two different approaches: voice tagging, whereby human beings tag the data but this process is speeded up by applying ASR to the tagging process; audio indexing, whereby much of the tagging process is automated by applying ASR to the content itself.


I. INTRODUCTION In 1979, Zambia borrowed $15 million from Romania to purchase tractors.1 Nearly thirty years later, that debt came back to haunt her. Donegal International, Limited ("Donegal"), a private investment fund, purchased Zambia's debt from Romania in 19982 and sued Zambia in 20053 for more than $55 million.4 The 2007 litigation in a British court was closely watched in financial, legal, and development circles. Debt-relief advocates were more than just spectators; they were vocal advocates of Zambia, and of the developing world, in general. 5 They denounced Donegal and other distressed debt investors6 like it that purchase the sovereign debt of poor countries at deep discounts and then sue the debtor nations seeking windfall judgments.7 The critics call them "vulture funds" because they prey on financially vulnerable countries.8 Rather than profiting affluent Western investors, pro-development non-governmental organizations (NGOs) such as Oxfam International ("Oxfam") and the Jubilee Debt Campaign ("Jubilee") insisted that the $55 million Donegal sought should go to worthwhile endeavors in Zambia where average income is less than two dollars a day, life expectancy is forty-five years, and 15 percent of the adult population is afflicted with HIV.9 They were especially aghast that the suit came at a time when the Heavily Indebted Poor Country ("HIPC") Initiative eliminated some of Zambia's other external debts.10 In fact, by a strange coincidence, the amount sought by Donegal was nearly equivalent to Zambia's debt relief for 2007.11 One activist complained that, "Zambia ha[d] been planning to spend the money . . . on much-needed nurses, teachers and infrastructure: this is what debt cancellation is intended for not to line the pockets of businessmen based in rich countries."12 The situation was analogized to "surrendering your seat on a crowded bus in favor of an elderly woman only to watch a teenager wearing a varsity wrestling jacket jump into it."13 One magazine labeled the business of the funds a "reverse Robin Hood scheme."14 Debt-relief advocates directed particular ire at Michael Sheehan, the U.S. businessman in charge of Donegal. A British journalist staked out Sheehan's home and ambushed him one morning, asking "[W]hy are you squeezing the poor nation of Zambia for $40 [sic] million-doesn't that make you a vulture?"15 One commentator observed that Sheehan "attracted the vilification suitable for mid-level [James] Bond villains" and marveled at the over 60,000 results of a Google search for the words "Sheehan" and "vulture."16 Notable personalities got in on the act: former British Prime Minister17 Gordon Brown called the vulture funds' activities "per- verse" and "morally outrageous";18 former South African President Nelson Mandela spoke out against them;19 and Hollywood actor Danny Glover, representing the TransAfrica Forum NGO, lobbied the U.S. Congress for legislation against the suits.20 The presence of wild animals completed the circus-like environment: pro-Zambia NGOs brought an actual vulture into London's Royal Courts of Justice to hammer their point home.21 Despite their efforts, on February 15, 2007, the court awarded Donegal a $55 million judgment.22 The debt-relief advocates decried the verdict, continued their criticism, and pressed for policy changes to prevent future suits.23 The activists, while disappointed in the outcome, achieved a small victory for their cause by successfully using the Donegal v. Zambia litigation to raise awareness of sovereign debt issues.24 It is understandable that their campaign became something of a cause celebre.25 Zambia, one of the world's least developed countries26 (LDCs), was a sympathetic defendant, especially compared to the demonized Sheehan and Donegal, his off-shore limited liability vehicle specially created to buy distressed debt.27 Only the most cold-hearted of observers would not have felt some compassion for the poor African nation victimized by wealthy Western bankers and attorneys. …


Over the last 30 years, various cold cathodes have been proposed based on the concept of negative electron affinity (NEA) [1]. In this poster, we analyze the use of two sulfides of rare earth elements (LaS and NdS) to develope highly stable NEA surfaces. These materials have a rocksalt structure compatible with the structure of traditional semiconductors. These compounds are chemically reasonably stable and do not suffer from the limitations of caesiated surfaces. Of particular interest is the fact that the work function at room temperature of these compounds, when extrapolated from high-temperature measurements [2], are quite small. It is therefore expected that these materials can be used to reach NEA when deposited on p-type doped semiconductors. For instance, LaS has a lattice constant (5.854 A) very close to the lattice constant of InP (5.8688 Angstroms) and NdS has a lattice constant (5.69 Angstroms) very close to the lattice constant of GaAs (5.6533 Angstroms). Since the room temperature work function of LaS (1.14 eV) and NdS (1.36 eV) are respectively below the band gap of InP (1.35 eV) and GaAs (1.41 eV), NEA can therefore be reached at InP/LaS and GaAs/NdS interfaces using heavily p-type doped semiconductors. We will report our most recent theoretical investigations of space -charge effects in the vacuum region and the associated noise reduction in the anode current density for a InP/CdS/LaS cold cathode [3]. We will also report some of the experimental progress towards the realization of this cathode. We will describe the successful growth of bulk samples of LaS and NdS using the sesquisulfide route and their characterization using X-ray and Raman scattering. We will also report the measured values of the work function of LaS and NdS using a Kelvin probe technique.


Background: Sebaceous Carcinoma (SC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy that develops from the sebaceous glands. SC is most common in the periocular region, head and neck, but can occur anywhere in the body. To study and analyse de Purpose: mographic characteristics and outcomes of cases of Sebaceous carcinoma. Retrospective Study of 24 patients with Sebac Materials and Method: eous Carcinoma conducted at Department of pathology, Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, for a period of 3 years. The data collected was subjected to statistical tabulations and analysis was done. A total of 24 biopsies of histopathologically Results: diagnosed Sebaceous Carcinoma (SC) cases were reviewed during the 3year retrospective study period. All the patients were above 25 years old being in the age group of 25-90 years of age. Mean age of presentation of SC is 56 years. Most common age group of presentation is 50-60 years (n=7, 29.16%). The distribution of SC in males=6 (25%) and females=18 (75%) with a ratio of male to female 0.33:1. The incidence of SC is found to be more in periocular region (n=24, 100%). The earliest age of presentation of SC is 25 years while 90 years being the late age of presentation. The current results support that the Conclusions: Sebaceous carcinoma is most commonly located in periocular region compared to extraocular region with right eye and upper lid more frequently involved. Incidence of SC is more in females compared to males with high female preponderance


Background: Reduced left lung perfusion has been described after transcatheter closure of the patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with several prostheses. Although the Amplatzer ductal occluder (ADO) device is currently the most widely used occluder for closure of large‐sized PDAs, the potential consequences of flow distribution to the lungs of this device have not been completely clarified. We evaluated lung perfusion following occlusion of PDA with the ADO device. Methods: Forty‐seven patients underwent successful transcatheter PDA occlusion using the ADO device were included in this study. Lung perfusion scans were performed 6 months after the procedure. Results: Decreased perfusion to the left lung (defined as < 40% of total lung flow) was observed in 17 patients (36%), 5 of whom were low‐weight symptomatic infants. Ductal ampulla length was significantly shorter and minimal ductal diameter to ampulla diameter ratio was significantly higher in patients with decreased left lung perfusion and correlated well with left lung perfusion values (r = 0.516 and r = −0.501, respectively). A cut‐off value of ≤5.8 mm for the ductal ampulla length and ≥1.9 for ampulla diameter to ampulla length ratio showed high sensitivity and specificity for reduced lung perfusion. Conclusions: The incidence of abnormal left lung perfusion is high 6 months after transcatheter closure of PDA with the ADO, more likely in the low weight symptomatic infants and in patients with a short duct or a relatively shallow duct having abrupt narrowing of a large ampulla. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


The present invention relates to a device configured to monitor the state of the rotating system, said system comprising a main rotary bearing monitoring device, the monitoring device includes a configuration to be arranged in a first position close to the main bearing determines a first position indication a first measuring device measuring a first current value, and a control unit connected to a measuring device, wherein said control unit is further configured to form a first parameter based on the first measurement value, the current having predetermined pattern matching the first parameter, each indicating a predetermined number of the rotary current type state of the system, if a match is found it is determined that the current flow patterns associated level of the corresponding state, and if the correlation level at a predetermined limit values on provides a warning indication. The present invention provides an improved rotary system monitoring and fault prediction.


We collected and reanalyzed about 200 GRB data of prompt-emission with known redshift observed until the end of 2009, and selected 101 GRBs that were well-observed to have good spectral parameters in order to determine the spectral peak energy (Ep), 1-second peak luminosity (Lp) and isotropic energy (Eiso). Using our newly constructed database with 101 GRBs, we first revised the Ep–Lp and Ep–Eiso correlations. The correlation coefficients of the revised correlations were 0.889 for 99 degrees of freedom for the Ep–Lp correlation and 0.867 for 96 degrees of freedom for the Ep–Eiso correlation. These values correspond to a chance probability of 2.18 � 10 � 35 and 4.27 � 10 � 31 , respectively. It is a very important issue whether these tight correlations are an intrinsic property of GRBs, or are caused by some selection effect of observations. In this paper, we examine how the truncation of the detector sensitivity affects the correlations, and conclude they are surely intrinsic properties of GRBs. Next we investigate origins of the dispersion of the correlations by studying their brightness and redshift dependence. Here, the brightness (flux or fluence) dependence would be regarded as being an estimator of the bias due to the detector threshold. We found a weak fluence-dependence in the Ep–Eiso correlations and a redshift dependence in the Ep– Lp correlation both at the 2 � statistical level. These two effects may contribute to the dispersion of the correlations, which is larger than the statistical uncertainty. We discuss a possible reason of these dependences and give a future prospect to improve the correlations.


The arteriovenous fistula(AVF)is the preferred access for Haemodialysis.However,AVF failure is relatively common because of improper selection of vessels for surgery.It is very important to do the preoperative evaluation and select suitable vessels.Vascular ultrasound in prior to arteriovenous fistula formation is one of the primary methods in preoperative evaluation,which has been widely used and has good effect.This article reviews the clinic application and criteria of vascular ultrasound,and summarizes the value of vascular vltrasound for the preoperative evaluation in prior to arteriovenous fistula formation.


The institution of usucaption has been accepted by many countries. It is not provided in civil law of China. There are two doctrines in the academic world. One is affirmative doctrine, another is negative doctrine. The author thinks that it should been established in the code of civil law. It should adopt legislative style on behalf of the code of French civil law.


Neuromuscular transmission has been studied in detail by various authors in neurogenic hearts of decapod and stomatopod crustaceans, horseshoe crabs, and spiders. In these hearts, bursts of impulses generated in the cardiac ganglion at regular intervals produce depolarizations of the muscle fibers. Each depolarization is associated with a heart contraction. The depolarization is composed of many excitatory junction potentials (ejp's), each produced by a single nerve impulse. There is no evidence in Homarus , Squilla , or Limulus hearts that single ejp's or composites of ejp's give rise to regenerative membrane responses; in these hearts, spontaneous depolarizations never overshoot the zero reference level. Overshooting occurs in certain crab and crayfish hearts, and it is possible that muscle fibers of these hearts produce regenerative membrane events.

The muscle fibers of Limulus, Tachypleus and Homarus hearts are polyneuronally innervated.

Pulse stimuli applied to nerve branches evoke ejp's that facilitate in hearts of Squilla and Homarus . In addition to facilitation in Homarus , there is also depression; at certain frequencies of stimulation both facilitation and depression can be observed. Experiments in tarantula, Limulus , and Homarus hearts show that L-glutamic acid mimics the natural transmitter substance.


This work's purposes are to study the effects of the Schema (SCR) theorem and Multi-armed bandit (MAR) paradigm based strategies on a genetic algorithm optimizer for eigenstructure assignment via linear quadratic regulator (LQR) designs. The LQR designs formulated as a multiobjective optimization problem, roles based on SCH-theorem and MABparadigm in a decision making unit and a genetic algorithm optimizer constitute the framework to perform state feedback controlIer gains search on a distributed environrnent. An aircraft state space model is.used to i1Iustrate the algorithm performance through paralIel-distributed computational simulations, whose . purpose is to find Q and R weighting matrices of the LQR designs that leads to a specified eigenstructure assignment.


INTRODUCTIONMassagetherapyisoneofthefastestgrowingcomplementaryand alternative medicine (CAM) modalities in NorthAmerica. Massage therapy has been regulated under theRegulated Health Professions Act (RHPA) in Ontario,Canada since 1994. The RHPA governs physicians, nursesand midwives, among other health care professionals. Thereis a growing body of evidence for the efficacy of massagetherapy for a number of conditions considered a burdenfor patients and the health care system, such as musculo-skeletal pain, discomforts of cancer treatment, depressionand anxiety (Moyer, Rounds, & Hannum, 2004; Sturgeon,Wetta-Hall, Hart, Good, & Dakhil, 2009). Patient/publicdemand has contributed to CAM modalities, includingmassage therapy, being made available to patients on a feefor service basis within hospital and other medical settings(e.g. Soklaridis, Kelner, Love, & Cassidy, 2009).Despite the developing evidence for the role of massagetherapy in health care and patient/public demand for thisservice, it remains on the periphery of mainstream healthcare. The peripheral role of massage therapy is apparent byquestions about its legitimacy, and its absence in discussionsof interprofessional collaboration, in health care. Whileregulation is commonly associated with a move towardsprofessionalization and improvements in the status of healthcare professionals (Finch, 2009), these issues in relation tomassage therapy continue to be a challenge.A small number of studies have recently examined CAMin relation to interprofessional collaboration, yet massagetherapy was not the main focus (Gaboury, Bujold, Boon, M Soklaridis et al., 2009). The purpose of thisstudy was to explore perceptions of the professionalizationand status of massage therapists, and the implications forinterprofessional collaboration.METHODSAn exploratory case study approach (Yin, 2003) wasemployed to investigate health professionals' views ofperceived barriers to increased professionalization, statusand interprofessional collaboration in relation to massagetherapy.Data collection and analysisParticipants were selected using purposive sampling toensure inclusion of massage therapists' perspectives, as wellas the perspectives of other professionals who worked withmassage therapists in their daily practice. Semi-structuredinterviews were conducted with ten health care professionalsworking in hospital settings. The sample consisted ofphysicians (3), nurses(2), physiotherapists(2) and registeredmassage therapists (3). Eight of the participants were femaleand two were male. Participants had been in practice for arange of 2 to 20 years.Data were analyzed using inductive thematic coding togenerate key themes. This involved a process of initially"open" coding each of the transcripts before each of thesecodes was organized into provisional categories (themes).Through this process a coding framework was subsequentlydeveloped.Ethical approval was obtained before the studycommenced from a local Research Ethics Committee.Informed consent was secured before interviews took place.All data were anonymized and treated in confidence.


A prevents the in absorbent articles having a back sheet made of a nonwoven fabric, an adhesive for bonding the barrier sheet to the back sheet peels off from the backsheet. And a longitudinal direction and a width direction and a thickness direction A cross each other, and an absorber that absorbs liquid, a backsheet consisting of a nonwoven fabric which is arranged on the non-skin side of the wearer of the absorbent body, wherein the absorbent body, there by an absorbent article comprising a leak-barrier sheet provided, and a displacement preventing adhesive portion formed by the adhesive provided on the non-skin side surface of the backsheet between the backsheet Te, the back sheet has the a region which is compressed in the thickness direction compressive region has a portion with the displacement-preventing adhesive portion and the compressed regions overlap, the skin side surface of said backsheet the backsheet has the barrier sheet and the leak-proof sheet bonding portion formed by the adhesive for bonding and has a portion where the compression region and the leakage preventing sheet bonding portion overlap. .BACKGROUND 9


A bioactive bone cement was developed for the fixation of implants during femoral head replacement operations and the repair of bone defects. This new biomaterial has the potential to be used as a root canal retrofilling material, because it is sterile and has good biocompatibility. The canal sealing tests of root apexes of extracted teeth were performed using copper amalgam, which is widely used for retrofilling, as control. Bioactive bone cement showed less dye penetration than copper amalgam when 2% fuchsin dye solution was used. The results of this study suggest that this bioactive bone cement, which was easy to handle and promoted bony repair, may be used as a retrofilling material.


A systematic identification and division is made on pressure data of formationtesting in northern Songliao basin,and then standard type pressure testing data are used tostudy the relationship between characteristics of pressure field and oil,gas and water.


Goodwill Specialists Inc. is a Woodward Authorized Independent Service Facility (AISF) for governors and actuators serving Taiwan and eastern Asia. +886 (2) 2455-1442; 6F, International World Trade Building; No. 21 Jun-Hsien Road; Chi-Tu District, Keelung, Taiwan, R.O. China


This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of input flooding via extensive reading on vocabulary learning of Iranian field dependent versus field independent EFL learners. 100 preintermediate female EFL learners with the age range of 17 to 18 from a high school were selected to participate in the study. They were assigned to one experimental and one control group. The homogeneity of the two groups in terms of language proficiency was assured through Oxford Placement Test (OPT) and they were given a Group Embedded Figures Test. In addition, their vocabulary knowledge was determined by comparing their mean scores in a researcher made vocabulary pretest. The 10-session treatment was followed using input flooding via extensive reading for the experimental group while the control group had their own conventional way of learning. At the end of the treatment, they were asked to sit for another vocabulary test as a posttest. The results of data analyses showed that the participants in the experimental group outperformed in the vocabulary posttest. Moreover, both field dependent (FD) and field independent (FI) learners outperformed in their posttest. However, the results of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups" means on the posttest scores of vocabulary posttest in which the FI group outperformed the FD group. The findings of this study might have implications for students, teachers, and syllabus designers.


Faults in electricity distribution networks have the potential to ignite fires, cause electrocution, and damage the system itself. High current Low Impedance Faults (LIF) are typically detected and mitigated via over-current, distance, directional relays, fuses, etc. In contrast, while High Impedance Faults (HIF) are equally hazardous, they are much more challenging to detect due to the fault current being much lower than load currents and their time-varying and nonlinear behaviour. Moreover, New Zealand distribution networks are extensive and largely unmonitored beyond the substation, and suitable HIF detection schemes are still an ongoing research challenge. To date, we have built a physical test facility for power system fault analysis and developing and evaluating our sensing and fault detection system. We have simulated LIF and HIF with different fault surface materials and load-switching events. From the data collected, we have characterized the unique fault behaviour for both LIF and HIF in 400V networks and trained a Deep Learning classifier to recognize the type of fault present from its unique signature. We have developed an outdoor pole mountable sensing system and have installed this in Wellington Electricity's network for ongoing data collection and evaluation. This paper will describe the test facility and our experience developing and implementing the sensing system. The widest range of HIF phenomena observed was in the fault experiments involving the tree branch. For brevity, therefore, this paper reports on the results of just these tree-branch experiments. HIF faults on other surface materials will be reported elsewhere. Finally, we will detail the pole-mountable sensing system installed in Wellington Electricity's network and the outcomes thus far.


The paper focuses the attention on the comparison of two approaches for power quality assessment in the electric grid. Both approaches are suitable for investigating the harmonic pollution source and discovering if the harmonic source comes from the customer or the utility grid. The two approaches have the same purpose but they are deeply different. The first approach is based on the knowledge of the customer and utility equivalent impedance while the second is based on single point measurement at point of common coupling PCC. In this paper, the advantages and drawbacks of the two approaches are investigated also supported by a case study.


Various authors have reported on the potential for Rh alloimmunization following transfusion of RhD-positive platelets to RhD-negative recipients. The risk of alloimmunization is greater for recipients of whole blood-derived (WBD) pooled platelets compared to apheresis platelets, as pooled platelets generally contain more than 100-times as many residual red blood cells (RBCs) as apheresis units. Despite a greater incidence, the risk from pooled platelets is minimal, and it is controversial as to whether Rh immune globulin (RhIg) should be administered to RhD-negative recipients of RhD-positive platelet units. Those that recommend administration do so only in certain scenarios and/or for specific patient populations. Given the rarity of RhD-alloimmunization following platelet transfusion, and apheresis platelet units in particular, we report a case of alloimmunization following transfusion of one unit of apheresis platelets. A 91-yearold female with newly diagnosed myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm was found to be thrombocytopenic. Eltrombopag was initiated, and blood typing as well as antibody detection testing (screen) were performed. The patient was determined to be ABO type A RhD-negative with a negative antibody screen via column agglutination technology (gel). The patient reported she had three prior pregnancies. RhIg was not available at the time of her first two pregnancies, and Rh status of those offspring is unknown to the patient. The offspring of the third pregnancy was RhD-negative and RhIg was not indicated nor given. She denied any history of transfusion or alloantibody identified during any pregnancy or previous laboratory evaluation. She was administered 1 unit (342 ml) of type A RhD-positive, pathogen-reduced apheresis platelets in platelet additive solution (PAS) given her thrombocytopenia. Two weeks later, a repeat antibody screen was negative in gel, and the patient was administered one unit of type A RhD-negative RBCs. The patient presented 6 months later, and a repeat antibody screen was positive in gel (reactivity: 2+ in one screening cell, 3+ in one screening cell); both anti-D and anti-C alloantibodies were identified (2–3+ reactivity in gel). Per report from both the patient and the hematology team, the patient had received no blood products nor RhIg in the interim. Review of Care Everywhere medical charts revealed the patient had not received care outside of our facility, and there were no documented outside transfusions. A serologic phenotype revealed the patient did not express the C antigen. This case is notable as it highlights the potential for one unit of apheresis platelets stored in PAS to induce alloimmunization. Importantly, we cannot definitively conclude whether this case reflects primary immunization, or rather induction of a memory response. While we have no evidence that the patient had previously been alloimmunized, she did endorse three pregnancies, of which two fetuses were of unknown RhD status and no RhIg was administered. Should the patient have experienced alloimmunization through one or more of her pregnancies or an unreported/unknown transfusion, resulting in formation of anti-D and/or -C (as well as potentially anti-G), which subsequently evanesced, then the patient's immune system may have been restimulated as a result of low-level exposure to Rh antigens. Alternatively, the platelet transfusion may indeed have been the first exposure to both the Dand C-antigens and resulted in primary alloimmunization, with antibodies detected several weeks post-exposure. Although we cannot conclude with certainty which pathway led to detectable anti-D and -C (and/or potentially anti-G) in our patient, this case clearly highlights the potential for a single apheresis platelet unit to contain a sufficient number of RBCs to elicit an immune response to Rh antigens, either primary or secondary. While there was no concern for the potential development of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn in this patient, this case may provide support for those who continue to administer RhIg following platelet transfusion in women of childbearing age as primary immunization cannot be excluded. Furthermore, this case illustrates that immune responses to RBC antigens may be preserved in a subset of individuals in whom immunosenescence would otherwise be expected based on their age, and highlights the importance of further investigation into why certain individuals appear to be more susceptible to alloantibody formation. Received: 18 November 2022 Revised: 3 January 2023 Accepted: 11 January 2023


Throughout the twentieth and into the twenty-first century we have been led to believe that there is an inevitable link between poverty and early literacy and learning difficulties, and since the end of World War II, poverty has been translated into notions of cognitive or linguistic deficit. Teachers have turned to 'experts', often academics or those responsible for official education reports, for solutions. Each decade has brought a different group of experts, often vigorously denouncing the last. This paper argues that teachers and the public have been hoodwinked into believing that answers for success lie with any particular methods, materials or even parental involvement programmes. Rather than turning to 'experts', readers are invited to listen to the voices of successful learners across the last century in London's East End, as they reflect upon what really mattered for them during those early years in school.


Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce macrophage infiltration in several models of renal injury. We approached the hypothesis that angiotensin II (AngII) could be involved in inflammatory cell recruitment during renal damage through the synthesis of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). In a model of immune complex nephritis, we observed an up-regulation of renal MCP-1 (mRNA and protein) coincidentally with mononuclear cell infiltration that were markedly reduced by treatment with the ACE inhibitor quinapril. Exposure of cultured rat mesangial cells to AngII increased MCP-1 mRNA expression (2.7-fold) and synthesis (3-fold), similar to that observed with TNF- a . Since NF- k B is involved in the regulation of MCP-1 gene, we explored whether the effects of AngII were mediated through NF- k B activation. Untreated nephritic rats showed increased renal NF- k B activity (3.5-fold) that decreased in response to ACE inhibition. In mesangial cells, AngII activated NF- k B (4.3-fold), and the NF- k B inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate abolished the AngII-induced NF- k B activation and MCP-1 gene expression. Our results suggest that AngII could participate in the recruitment of mononuclear cells through NF- k B activation and MCP-1 expression by renal cells. This could be a novel mechanism that might further explain the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors in progressive renal diseases.


A field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based physical layer phase-encryption technique suitable for applications in high-speed passive optical networks is presented. The physical layer ciphering technique is based on a combination of multilevel phase shift keying (PSK) modulation and binary differential PSK. A mathematical model of the system is first derived and numerical simulations are obtained using Mathematica. Expressions for the probability of error for both a legitimate and eavesdropping receiver are derived and evaluated numerically. The results from experimental implementation using high-speed phase modulators and FPGAs are also given to further prove the efficacy of the presented technique. The macroscopic cryptography technique offers completely opaque communication over trans-oceanic distances, gigabit date rates and multiple wavelengths.


The effect of H2O and SO2 on the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by NH3 (NH3-SCR) over WO3/Ce0.68Zr0.32O2 at 250 °C was systematically investigated using various characterization techniques.


This bibliography is suggested for use by students and teachers of Latin, Greek and ancient civilizations. Entries are compiled under the headings of: (1) bibliographies and journals including bocklists, periodicals, and hooks for teachers; (2) reference works in literature, mythology, history and antiquities, and language; (3) texts and anthologies; (4) commentaries on Greek and Latin classics; (5) translations; (6) literary history and criticism; (7) ancient history; (P) Roman 71ritain; (9) archaeology, antiquities, and society: (10) architecture and art including works on Greece, Rome, and Fturia; (11) philosophy and science; (12) the legacy of antiquity; (1?) later Latin, (14) fiction; and (15) nonfiction for younger pupils. Data on publisher and price are included for the approximately 550 entries. (RL)


This paper is to analysis the status quo of online book review index system and service of libraries by studying 107 libraries of "Project 211" universities.Based on the results of the study,several suggestions are provided with regard to specific problems.


To the Editor: Glass et all described hemiballism due to metastatic brain tumor. I was surprised by the small number of papers on this topic, particularly in the age of CT. To their case and the eight other reported cases, I can add one more. Case report. A 59-year-old, right-handed woman was admitted for evaluation of a breast lump and "incoordination." Aside from many years of cigarette and alcohol abuse, her past medical history was unremarkable until the subacute onset of an unusual movement disorder a few weeks earlier. Abnormal findings on examination included orthostatic hypotension, an emaciated physique, and the suspicious breast nodule. She was oriented, but had poor immediate and recent memory. She was not aphasic or apractic, although she often answered questions irrelevantly. Cranial nerve functions were normal. There seemed to be a left hemisensory disorder for pinprick and temperature. Continuous, involuntary, choreoathetoid dyskinetic movements were obvious in her right arm and leg. This movement disorder disappeared in sleep, but worsened in the next few hours to become frankly hemiballistic. Tendon reflexes were depressed on the right side (or possibly more active on the left), but Babinski's signs were absent. Her gait was unsteady with superimposed right-sided hyperkinesia. Chest x-ray and lung CT indicated multiple metastatic lesions. Biopsy of the breast lump was consistent with adenocarcinoma from lung metastatic to breast. Brain CT (figure) showed discrete, enhancing lesions (with surrounding edema) in left cerebellum,


The single-hit multitarget cellular lethality model requires four to six parameters in order to simulate a complete course of fractionated radiation therapy and derive an estimate of the cellular-surviving fraction for a given treatment scheme. These parameters are the mean cellular lethal dose, the extrapolation number, the ratio of sublethal to irreparable events, the regeneration rate, and in some instances the repopulation limit (cell cycles), and a field-size or tumor-volume factor. If a number of different fractionation schemes yield similar reactions, the surviving fractions are presumed to be about equal in each instance. Under these circumstances, an equivalent number of simultaneous equations can be set up and the unknown parameters then derived by iterative numerical methods. A computer program was designed for this purpose and tested on available clinical and experimental data. Parameters were derived for skin tolerance and cure of epidermoid cancer in man, for radiation reactions in pig skin,...


By separating the data path in the image capture device operating in a parallel manner while generating preview frames, a video frame, and camera frames, the image capture device may be such that the shutter are not unnecessarily delayed.


ABSTRACT The contrast of space and place has long been an active topic of scholarly discussions in many disciplines. While spatial analysis enjoys a multitude of quantitative methods, the study of place remains mostly conceptual and descriptive. This paper expands upon the rich concepts of place in the literature to propose a quantitative framework for placial analysis based on events. Central to the proposed framework are three assumptions: (1) human experiences transform space to place; (2) events build human experiences in space; and (3) places emerge organically and may change characters, spatial extent and location over time through the shifts in occurrences and types of events in space and time. The proposed framework consists of three elements: clustering events, decomposing event distributions, and identifying the similarity of event clusters. We applied the framework to identify criminological places in the City of Dallas in the United States and the changes of these places from 1 June 2014 to 30 May 2018.


In prior work, the capability of mask-topography (AFM) based photolithographic simulation (SOLID-CTM) to minimize the number of aerial image microscope simulation (AIMSTM) evaluation related mask load/unload cycles in a repair tool was demonstrated for programmed binary edge defects at 248 nm wavelengths and various stages of defect repair. The next stage is to bring the concept of photolithographic mask simulation concurrent with defect repair closer to a production-level system. This was done by comparing SOLID-CTM simulations generated directly from uploaded AFM topography data with 193 nm AIMSTM results for a set of patterns and defect repairs. The results have been successfully compared in both best and through-focus evaluations. With this increased knowledge and experience, it becomes possible to not only increase the efficiency and yield of the repair of any mask defect, but to also further optimize each individual repair with feedback as to the potential impact on the lithography process.


The 25th annual Ashton Cary Lecture was presented on March 14, 2012 from 4-5 pm in room G011 of the Molecular Science and Engineering Building on the Georgia Tech Campus.


Quantum physics is being transformed by a radical new conceptual and experimental approach known as weak measurement that can do everything from tackling basic quantum mysteries to mapping the trajectories of photons in a Young's double-slit experiment. Aephraim Steinberg, Amir Feizpour, Lee Rozema, Dylan Mahler and Alex Hayat unveil the power of this new technique.


The reform of the adult education (A.E.) designed in the LOGSE, demands remaking on the curricular design, making it more appropiated for the A.E. The adults are called to be the principal characters of their own formation, and to colaborate making a project which responds to their own progress. The metodologies elaborated in Latin-America and in the intemational organisations offer support to the metodology of investigation-action as ideal in the A.E., society demands nowadays. This metodology, well conducted, can make easier adult participation on a stage of communication participation and creativity.


The surface modifications induced on Teflon FEP and Mylar C polymer films by a low energy electron beam are probed using Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. The electron beam, which does not affect the Mylar C surface, may break the copolymer chain into its monomers degrading the Teflon FEP surface. For Mylar C the electron beam decreases the roughness of the polymer surface. This difference in behavior may explain recent results in which the surface modifications investigated by measuring the second crossover energy shift in the electronic emission curve differed for the two polymers (Chinaglia et al [1]). In addition, the Raman data showed no evidence of carbon formation for either polymer samples, which is explained by the fact that only a low energy electron beam is used.


Tourism can be viewed as an aggregator of economic activities and is thus an important factor in fostering the economy throughout the Republic of Croatia, including Eastern Croatia. The potential of Eastern Croatia as a tourist destination is noticeable in the increasing number of visitors and the range of events through which tourism businesses offer their products and services. In this way, tourism becomes the generator of product sales and exports. To increase the number of visits, this region should be more intensively promoted on the European and world markets. This is quite feasible with proper investment in high-quality marketing promotion on the Internet, which would significantly improve the position of Eastern Croatia in the online environment. Online advertising has been gaining importance because of the growing number of Internet users and constant technology improvements. The tourism sector in Eastern Croatia should strive to expand the range of tourism products, reduce seasonality, improve customer satisfaction, increase the average daily spending, raise the employment and self-employment rates, and probably most urgently, make the region an internationally recognized destination. Marketing activities are essential for accessing the domestic and international markets. By applying Web 2.0. techniques and tools, tourism businesses can pinpoint the segment they want to attract, and then use social networks, e-mail marketing and/or browser advertising to deliver the information on the destination and tourism offer. The paper will investigate to what extent business entities have recognized the importance of online promotion. The goal of the paper is to analyse the current situation regarding the presentation of Eastern Croatia on the Internet and to explore the potentials of this type of advertising. This is important, in view of increasingly active Internet users who require this kind of communication and prefer this route of obtaining information.


Epipodophyllotoxin (EPT) and podophyllotoxin (PT) were prepared from desoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT), obtained from the seeds of Hernandia ovigera L. (Hernandiaceae) EPT was obtaind together with dehydrodesoxypodophyllotoxin (I) by a radical bromination of DPT with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) followed by hydrolysis of the resultant 1-bromo-DPT, which was confirmed to be a mixture of 1α- and 1β-bromo compounds (7 : 3). EPT was oxidized with pyridinium chlorochromate to give podophyllotoxone (IV). The stereoselective reduction of IV to afford PT was examined with a variety of reagents, and borane-tert-butylamine complex was found to be effective.


Febrile episodes are often the starting point for malaria and other endemic diseases in tropical countries. Research by the authors of this letter to the editor does not provide support for Einterz and Bates conclusion that Africans are unable to assess fever reliably. To determine the validity of caretaker reports that a child was febrile ("hot body") a 3-month prospective study was conducted of 130 children 1-9 years of age from a forest-type zone (Dodowa) and a coastal savannah (Prampram) in Ghana. Each child was visited at home weekly by a trained field worker who recorded malaria symptoms as reported by caretakers and took the childs axillary temperature with an electronic thermometer. A temperature of 37.5 C was considered elevated. There were 3021 child-weeks of follow-up after exclusion of cases for which documentation of age was missing. Of the 76 incidents in which caretakers reported "hot body" children were actually febrile in 79% of cases. Of the 2824 visits in which caretakers denied "hot body" fever was in fact not present in 99.3% of cases. These results indicate that a caretaker report of "hot body" is a reliable marker of fever and should form the basis in combination with other symptoms of malaria of initiation of antimalarial treatment.