tive care. Laser-assisted blepharoplasty and meloplasty is well covered, with descriptions of use of both the carbon dioxide laser and the Yag laser. Representative cases are well documented, with discussion and photography. Chapters on rhytidectomy, endoscopic facial surgery, hair transplantation, and laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty complete the discussion of the most common usages of the carbon dioxide laser. The use of lasers to remove scars and blemishes is a subject that carries some mystery for the average practitioner. The authors have wisely included discussion of the use of "scarless" lasers in this book. This includes laser treatment of scars, telangiectasias, tattoos, and pigmented lesions. Practical applications of the pulsed and continuous-wave lasers are presented. These discussions include laser settings, protocols for use, and theory for the flashlamp pumped pulse dye laser, argon laser, KTP laser, copper vapor laser, krypton laser, copper bromide laser, Q-switched ruby laser, alexandrite laser, pigmented lesion dye laser, and frequency doubled Q-switched Nd:Yag laser. As with all their discussions, clinical photos are excellent and very practical information is given. The material presented in this book obviously represents substantial clinical experience. Clinical discussions are pertinent, concise, and practical and will be very useful both for the new practitioner of cosmetic surgery and, as a reference, for the experienced practitioner.


This study was to find out how to strengthen nationalism and love for the homeland in the global era through citizenship education as state defense education at STKIP Pasundan, Cimahi, West Java, Indonesia. This study used descriptive case study method, where data were obtained through interview, observation, and documentation studies in the field. The results showed that the strengthening of nationalism and love for the homeland in the global era through Citizenship Education as state defense education at STKIP Pasundan, Cimahi has been going well, proven by students' awareness on nationalism and love for the homeland. In addition, through citizenship education courses, students were inhibited in strengthening nationalism and love for the homeland in the global era. This study could conclude that strengthening nationalism and love for the homeland in the global era through Citizenship Education as state defense education as to minimize behavior that did not reflect love for the homeland in the global era. Besides, the process of defending the country through Citizenship Education requires continuous effort.


(Abstract )To scientifically compare the effect of structured information and parsers on kernelbased relation ex traction, a comparison method based on random approximate test is proposed. It gives two relation extraction results for different settings, samples are produced repeatedly using random label exchange from resampling techniques, and significant tests are conducted by calculating the performance differences between these samples. Experimental results show that dynamic relation tree is the best structured information, and the performance of Charniak and Berkeley are


Objective. Integrating the numerical solution module of the kinetic equation for the droplet size distribution function in a CFD package. Application of the module to volumetric condensation at the supersonic flow of a vapor-gas  mixture through a nozzle in a two-dimensional formulation, comparison of  the results with experimental data of third-party authors.Methods. In this  paper, the problem of volume condensation in the supersonic flow of a vapor-gas mixture through a nozzle is solved by finite element methods in a two-dimensional formulation using user-defined functions.Results. A module for the numerical solution of the kinetic equation for the droplet size distribution function is presented as a user-defined function integrated into the calculated CFD package.Conclusion. The module application to volumetric condensation for a vapor-gas mixture flow through the nozzle gave a qualitative agreement in all areas and a quantitative agreement in the area of intense condensation with  measurement data. The distributions of temperatures, pressures, and  the degree of supersaturation are presented both along the central axis and  on the plane bounded by the contour of the computational domain. It is shown that the module does not depend on the solver type (stationary or non-stationary).


A series of 1-aryl-3-(2H-chromen-5-yl)urea and 1-aryl-3-(chroman-5-yl)urea derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities towards TNF-α production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells. The most active compound, 40g, inhibited TNF-α release with an IC50 value of 0.033 μM, which is equipotent to that of BIRB796 (IC50 = 0.032 μM).


A sizable literature on the temporal and spatial dimensions of urbanization in Russia has appeared during the past decade, and it is probably fair to say that we now have a reasonable understanding of the process in general terms. What is needed is much closer scrutiny of the impact of the gathering of people into towns. Urbanization inevitably brought change to social organizations, institutions, behavior patterns, and perceptions; in short, to the social geography of the city. But prerequisite to understanding how quickly and with what consequences such social changes took place is an understanding of the dynamics of urban population growth itself.


AbstractGrain refinement in commercial aluminium alloys can be achieved by addition of Al–Ti–B master alloys, containing α aluminium, TiB2, and Al3 Ti. The final grain size depends on the kinetics of both nucleation and growth of solid in the liquid. Conventional solidification studies permit measurement of growth, but only indirect investigation of nucleation. By embedding grain refining particles in a glassy matrix of Al85Y8Ni5 Co2, novel microstructural studies of nucleation become possible. Such studies show that nucleation of α aluminium occurs on the basal faces of TiB2 particles coated with Al3Ti. Well defined crystallographic orientation relationships are observed, together with evidence for strong chemical interactions. The nucleation in the amorphous alloy can be related to phenomena common in conventional casting using grain refiners, such as contact time, fading, influence of titanium content, and poisoning. This increased understanding of the fundamental nucleation mechanism permits further i...


The aim of the paper is to present a design procedure of the optimal controller minimizing the H2‐type norm of discrete‐time stochastic linear systems with periodic coefficients simultaneously affected by a nonhomogeneous but periodic Markov chain and state and control multiplicative white noise perturbations. Firstly, two H2‐type norms for the linear stochastic systems under consideration were introduced. These H2‐type norms may be viewed as measures of the effect of the additive white noise perturbations on the regulated output of the considered system. Before deriving of the state space representation of the optimal controller, some useful formulae of the two H2‐type norms were obtained. These formulae are expressed in terms of periodic solutions of some suitable linear equations and are derived in the absence of some additional assumptions regarding the Markov chain other than the periodicity of the sequence of the transition probability matrices. Further, it is shown that the optimal H2 controller depends on the stabilizing solutions of some specific systems of coupled Riccati equations, which generalize the well‐known control and filtering equations from linear time invariant case. For the readers convenience, the paper presents iterative numerical algorithms for the computations of the stabilizing solutions of these Riccati type systems. The theoretical developments are illustrated by numerical examples. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The mechanism of base-catalysed anomerization of per-O-acetylated 2,4-dinitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside in dimethylsulfoxide has been investigated using a variety of techniques. A mechanism involving proton abstraction at C-1 was eliminated by the absence of proton exchange at that center and the measurement of a secondary deuterium kinetic isotope effect for the 1-deuterio substrate. A mechanism involving phenolate departure and recombination is rendered unlikely on the basis of remote substituent effects on the reaction rate and by the absence of any exchange of the phenyl moiety with added phenolate. A mechanism involving nucleophilic aromatic substitution initiated by an attack of the dimethylsulfinyl anion to generate a glucosyl oxyanion intermediate that anomerizes and recombines with the reactive aryl intermediate is consistent with the observations. This mechanism is further supported by the observation of a purple Meisenheimer complex intermediate and by the observed exchange between the substrat...


This volume is a collection of essays presented at the 31st International Wittgenstein Symposium, Kirchberg, in August 2008. It has the character of a high-quality journal issue. There is no introduction, and the papers do not all directly bear on the topic of the original conference, which was "Reduction and Elimination in Philosophy and the Sciences". In what follows, I offer a short description of each paper, and add critical remarks in some cases.


Accessing fluid infiltration in nanogranular coatings is an outstanding challenge, of relevance for applications ranging from nanomedicine to catalysis. A sensing platform, allowing to quantify the amount of fluid infiltrated in a nanogranular ultrathin coating, with thickness in the 10 to 40 nm range, is here proposed and theoretically investigated by multiscale modelling. The scheme relies on impulsive photoacoustic excitation of hypersonic mechanical breathing modes in engineered gas-phase synthesised nanogranular metallic ultathin films and time-resolved acousto-optical read-out of the breathing modes frequency shift upon liquid infiltration. A superior sensitivity, exceeding 26x10 cm/g, is predicted upon equivalent areal mass loading of a few ng/mm. The capability of the present scheme to discriminate among different infiltration patterns is discussed. The platform is an ideal tool to investigate nanofluidics in granular materials and naturally serves as a distributed nanogetter coating, integrating fluid sensing capabilities. The proposed scheme is readily extendable to other nanoscale and mesoscale porous materials.


Hands are used by drivers to perform primary and secondary tasks in the car. Hence, the study of driver hands has several potential applications, from studying driver behavior and alertness analysis to infotainment and human-machine interaction features. The problem is also relevant to other domains of robotics and engineering which involve cooperation with humans. In order to study this challenging computer vision and machine learning task, our paper introduces an extensive, public, naturalistic videobased hand detection dataset in the automotive environment. The dataset highlights the challenges that may be observed in naturalistic driving settings, from different background complexities, illumination settings, users, and viewpoints. In each frame, hand bounding boxes are provided, as well as left/right, driver/passenger, and number of hands on the wheel annotations. Comparison with an existing hand detection datasets highlights the novel characteristics of the proposed dataset.


Against the backdrop of the new shift in higher education from elites to the general public as well as college students mainly comprising the sole child of the family born after the 80's last century,it is a must to reflect on the building of college instructors in order to better train young people.This paper attempts to strengthen the building of instructor staff based on team performance efficiency through promoting their enthusiasm,creativity and competence so that their work can be more target-oriented and efficient.


Industrial structure is an important economic structure. Industrial upgrade plays a positive role in economic development. This paper emphatically analyzes the influential factors of industrial upgrade in western regions, and points out that technology progress and policy are the most fundamental driving forces of their industrial upgrade. The western regions should improve their industrial structure by developing technology and innovating their systems.


Objective To study correlation between immunolabelling of bone marrow cells and development to leukemia in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Methods 64 cases of MDS were measured by immunofluorescence and positive cells were counted. Results 67% MDS patients with HLA-DR20% developed leukemia eventually. The results showed HLA-DR positive was related with the development to leukemia. Conclusion High HLA-DR expression is related with the development to leukemia.


Abstract. This research presents an algorithm for three-dimensional (3-D) pose tracking of a rigid object by processing sequences of monocular images. The pose trajectory of the object is estimated by performing linear correlation between the current scene and a filter bank constructed from different views of a 3-D model of the target, which are created synthetically with computer graphics. The pose tracking is guided by particle filters that dynamically adapt the filter bank by taking into account the kinematics of the target in the scene. Experimental results obtained with the proposed algorithm in processing synthetic and real images are presented and discussed. These results show that the proposed algorithm achieves a higher accuracy of pose tracking in terms of objective metrics, in comparison with that of existing similar algorithms.


IoT or the internet of things is the talk of the town topic being researched in the field of information technology for more than decade. It is being in deployment stage in various developing economics, to enable driverless automobiles in the field of VANET. It helps in preventing crashes and provides urgent medical assistance in emergency case. Data security and location privacy are becoming of most importance in present IT scenario. Unauthorized access to location information of vehicles may pose a significant security threat. So, it is necessary to secure the location information of the vehicle. The proposed work aims at enhancement of location privacy data security in service location protocol of VANET'S. The primary techniques to be employed include artificial intelligence-based RF range approximation for transmission range adjustment and receive RF strength based distance estimation for trusted node location perimeters approximation, dynamic adjustment of silence period of OBU (on based unit) in conjunction with radio/RF interrupt. The unauthorized access to location information of vehicles and need of its privacy is the motivation for this work.


This jurisprudence analysis confirms the limited and transient play role of the compulsory retirement by collective bargaining after the 2012 th labour reform. Besides, in the public sector the compulsory retirement is not possible due to the budget legislation and regulations against public deficit that prohibit the employment promotion measures proposed in the collective agreements as an offsetting of the compulsory retirement. The termination of the employment contract coming from a non valid compulsory retirement is a null dismissal instead of an unfair dismissal. An age discrimination accepted for first time by the Supreme Court.


Radical prostatectomy is arguably the most frequently offered treatment patients with low or intermediate risk cancer of the prostate. Its main objective is complete cancer removal without sequelae, but results are sometimes darkened by the functional impairment posed by the emergence of urinary incontinence, erectile dysfunction or other voiding and vowel problems that negatively impact patient satisfaction. With the attempt to overcome these drawbacks, radical prostatectomy has undergoing a remarkable transformation in the last decades, determined by the tendency to favor minimally invasive approaches and high-volume therapeutic units because surgeon experience with the technique offers the best results.


The TELEPERM XP decentralized control system designed by Siemens in 1990s is still used as the desulfurization control system in Chongqing Power Plant.The data recording system of the desulfurization and environmental protection should have been upgraded.However,the system was imported from Germany,so the upgrading cost will be extremely high.For energy conservation and emission reduction,this essay introduces the reformation of the system to meet the requirements of the national environmental protection and increase the economic efficiency of the power plant.


Objective To determine the changes of serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the premature infant,and to explore the correlation between serum IGF-1 and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).Methods Premature infants with gestational age <34 weeks or birth weight <2000 g were enrolled in the study.They were divided into two groups,ROP group (with ROP) 30 cases,premature control group (without ROP) 30 cases.In the time of first week after delivery,corrected gestational age at 32,34,36 and 40 week,we collected peripheral venous blood and measured the levels of serum IGF-1.At the same time 30 cases of full term newborn were chosen as mature control group.Results Before corrected gestational age of 40 week,serum levels of IGF-lwere rising in ROP group and premature control group.IGF-1 levels of ROP group were significantly lower than those of the premature control group in the first week and corrected gestational age at 32,34,36 week (P < 0.05).IGF-1 levels in ROP group and premature control group were both lower than those of the mature control group in the first week (P < 0.05).At corrected gestational age of 40 week,there was no significant difference among three groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion Low levels of IGF-1 in premature infant may lead to ROP generation in the early period after birth.Improving the serum level of IGF-1 may effectively control the occurrence of ROP during the critical period.

Key words:
Premature infant;  Retinopathy of prematurity;  Insulin-like growth factor-1


The article considers the role of material resources as a productive factor in the system of national and international development goals and ensuring the life and well-being of the population. Material resources, as a substance derived from natural resources, have a unique property of accumulating all the components of utility, the primary source of which is nature and which is further transformed in productive processes into products useful to people, necessary for their life and growth of well-being.


European tradition of thought is shaped by two different mythical imaginations of time structure: apocalyptic thought and the concept of utopia. Jewish apocalyptical thinking culminated in the expectation that God would finally complete the processes of history at the end of time. In conjunction with Iranian dualism this expectation was interpreted metaphysically: After the collapse of the existing order God would create a messianic kingdom of peace and justice, that is, a kingdom under the direct rule of God. This was not "political progress" in the modern sense of the term, for the subject of these final events was God himself or God alone. Human beings might participate in accelerating or slowing down these divine actions by lawful or unlawful behavior measured according to the Mosaic Law, but human historical acting itself would not lead to a betterment in this sense. Nevertheless, this form of thought gave history a direction, and this is what inspired later Jewish and Christian intentionality. Early Christianity was shaped by the expectation of the coming end of time in the immediate future; however, at the same time it added a remarkable tension to the traditional apocalyptic idea: the tension of fulfillment of time, which had happened already in the advent of Jesus as the Christ (messiah) and an expectation of the imminent completion of time (the return of Christ, which would finally end history and start the new kingdom). Since the second century ad this myth of future time became ontologized or platonized that is, the future was transferred into an "other world." This means that the new quality would not be a dimension of the future (only) but graspable in the ecclesiastical mediation of the sacraments. The eucharist was the pharmakon athanasias (medicine of immortality). At the same time there was a mystical dimension that holds that in a specific spiritual experience this dimension might be experienced by any person who would be prepared to receive it as divine grace. The paradigm of early Christianity failed: Christ did not return. There was no new kingdom that would have ended known history. In order to cope with this disappointment, two forms of life emerged that shaped the


An equation is obtained for the Stieltjes transform of the normalized distribution of singular values of non-symmetric band random matrices in the limit when the band width and rank of the matrix simultaneously tend to infinity. Conditions under which this limit agrees with the quarter-circle law are found. An interesting particular case of lower triangular random matrices is also considered and certain properties of the corresponding limiting singular value distribution are given.


CD74, also known as HLA-DR-associated invariant chain, is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein highly expressed in many B-cell malignancies. The limited expression of CD74 in normal tissues suggests it may be a suitable ADC target for these tumor types. Accordingly, we engineered an anti-CD74 human IgG1 antibody (SP7219) using novel Fab-based ribosome display methods. The selected Fabs were readily reformatted and directly screened as IgGs using Sutro9s unique high-throughput, cell-free protein synthesis platform, Xpress CFTM. We then developed novel, potent ADCs, SP7676 and SP7675 (STRO-001), comprised of our lead antibody (SP7219) conjugated to non-cleavable DBCO-maytansinoid linker-warheads with an average drug-antibody ratios (DAR) of 2. We used site-specific conjugation technology which results in a high degree of homogeneity characterized by the drug linker covalently binding to a single defined site. The sites for conjugation were selected based on highest cell killing activity and stablity in vitro and in vivo. Both ADCs demonstrate potent cell killing activity across multiple B-cell tumor lines in vitro, and anti-tumor activity in preclinical multiple myeloma xenograft models. In vitro cytotoxicity assays show nanomolar potency of STRO-001 in four MM cell lines: Mc/CAR (IC50 0.8 nM), MM.1S (IC50 10-11 nM), U266B1 (IC50 8.5 -9.3 nM), and ARP-1 (IC50 4.3-22 nM). CD74 cell surface expression is required for ADC anti-proliferative effect but the expression level does not seem to correlate with in vitro potency. SP7676 elicited a robust anti-tumor response in the ANBL-6 multiple myeloma xenograft model. Durable regressions were observed in all mice at ≥ 3 mg/kg, with equivalent efficacy (regression) at 3 mg/kg (every 3 days x5) and 10 mg/kg (every 3 days x5 or weekly x3). SP7676 also elicited a clear survival benefit in a disseminated multiple myeloma CAG xenograft model starting at 1mg/kg every 3 days x 5 doses. Similarly, both SP7676 and STRO-001 inhibited the formation of internal visceral tumors in the ARP-1 xenograft model after 3 weekly doses of 3 mg/kg. Evaluation of our lead candidate, STRO-001 in additional MM cell lines and primary patient samples is planned. The tolerability of STRO-001 in non-human primates is under evaluation. STRO-001 was administered to cynomolgous monkeys in an exploratory dose-escalating study up to 30 mg/kg x 2 doses on Day 1 and 15. STRO-001 reduces normal B-cell populations at ≥1 mg/kg after a single dose, providing pharmacodynamic evidence of B-cell targeting while other hematopoietic lineages are mostly affected only at the highest dose studied. Anticipated hematologic toxicities were readily reversible at 1, 3 and 10 mg/kg and target organs of interest were identified. Based on these encouraging data, STRO-001 is advancing to IND-enabling studies for the treatment of CD74 expressing multiple myeloma and other B-cell malignancies. Disclosures Abrahams:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Li:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Yu:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Krimm:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Kahana:Celgene: Employment. Narla:Celgene: Employment. Schwartz:Celgene: Employment. Boylan:Celgene: Employment. Hoffmann:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Steiner:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Zawada:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Stephenson:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Bruhns:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. DeAlmeida:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Matheny:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Bussell:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Galan:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Kline:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Vasquez:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Yam:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Stafford:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Heinsohn:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Sato:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Molina:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Hallam:Sutro Biopharma: Employment. Lupher:Sutro Biopharma: Employment.


The main causes of surface water and groundwater contamination are industrial discharges. Updating the field of polluted water treatment by photochemical technique has led to an important in oxidative degradation processes applying solar photochemical methods using crystal TiO2 as a catalyst. Photocatalytic oxidation of methyl orange dye under different irradiation sources (Halogen lamp 1000 W, fluorescent lamp and natural sun light ) have been studied over TiO2 catalyst. The effect of initial dye concentrations, irradiation time and  light intensity were also studied.  The results revealed that dyes under go fast degradation with the natural sun light than the halogen and fluorescent lamp sources. On other hand, fast degradation was obtained with increasing time of the Halogen and fluorescent lamps as a light source. The rate of decolorization was estimated from residual concentration spectro- photometrically. At the used experimental conditions the substrate photo-oxidation rate follows pseudo-first order kinetics.

 Keywords: Photodegradation, solar irradiation, dyes, pollution, treatment, catalyst


Main findings the school system in Taiwan post-compulsory programmes curriculum teaching and learning - English, mathematics, vocational courses assessment and testing standards of achievement - vocational courses, English, mathematics ethos - personal and social development staffing, resources and accommodation student perceptions and progression conclusions.


The initiative of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation for Nuclear Disarmament (END) at first appears to be another one of the many appeals that warn of the threat of imminent war after the NATO double-track rearmament resolution of December 12, 1979. Yet, the initiative also aims at a far-reaching political concept. It proceeds from the recognition that the fatal armament madness can only be ended when its cause can be successfully dismantled, i.e., when the confrontation between NATO and the Warsaw Pact is reduced and the rift that has run through Europe since the Russian-American "meeting at the Elbe" is gradually mended.


Objective To investigate the surgical treatment and curative effect of Arnold-Chiari malformation.Method The surgical treatment of 102 patients with Arnold-Chiari malformation diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) was analysed retrospectively.They were performed differently by posterior cranial fossa decompression,or posterior cranial fossa decompression with reconstruction of cistemals,or posterior cranial fossa decompression with reconstruction of cistemals and cerebellar tonsillectomy.Results The clinical signs and symptoms were relieved and improved in 89 cases.So the total efficient rate after operation was 87.3%;the efficient rate after three operation were 97.5%,80.5% and 81.0%,respectively,in which treatment with posterior cranial fossa decompression showed more improvement than the other two approaches(P0.05).Conclusion Posterior cranial fossa decompression is a simple and effective method for treatment of Arnold-Chiari malformation.


Cross‐reactivity between type II collagen (CII) and C1q, the collagen‐like subunit of the first component of complement, has been demonstrated in synovial fluid (SF) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Many authors have studied autoimmunity to CII in RA, but little work has been done on autoimmunity to C1q in RA. In the data presented here, we have been able to show that in addition to native C1q, an altered form of C1q is present in SF from RA patients. Furthermore, a low molecular weight form of C1q is present in RA SF, although its role, if any, in the pathogenesis of RA is unclear. The presence in these RA SF of C1q‐specific antibodies (IgG and IgM) has been studied and we have partially characterized the antibody moieties involved. As well as binding to C1q and fragments representing the collagen‐tails from C1q, 7 S IgG autoantibodies against C1q also bind to a C1q molecule altered in vitro by incubation with reactive oxygen species and to the non‐apeptide KGEQGEPGA (representing residues 26–34 from the C1q A‐chain), which has previously been shown to suppress the onset of CII‐induced arthritis in an animal model.


Category: Ankle, Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Ankle arthritis is a leading cause of pain and disability. Total ankle replacement and Ankle fusion are two common surgical treatments with successful outcomes. Despite the effectiveness of those treatments, a subset of patients remains with persistent pain and functional limitations. This has prompted the search for predictive tools capable of identifying patients who are likely to benefit from surgery which allows surgeons to provide valuable prognostic information, implement, and direct appropriate treatment programs. The purpose of this study is to use preoperative patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) to predict which patients with end-stage ankle arthritis undergoing surgical treatment are most likely to experience postoperative improvements (a clinically meaningful change) in functional outcomes at an average follow-up of five years after surgical treatment. Methods: A prospective cohort design used to evaluate 427 Patients with end-stage ankle arthritis at preoperative baseline and an average of five years after undergoing total ankle replacement or ankle fusion at a single academic institution. Data on demographics, comorbidities, Ankle Osteoarthritis Score (AOS), and Physical components (PCS) of SF-36 were collected. The Canadian Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle Arthritis Score (COFAS-AAS) was calculated from the AOS. The Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was then determined using a distribution-based method. A multivariable logistic regression analysis examined the variables affecting the change in PROM scores. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to calculate threshold values, defined as the levels at which substantial changes occurred, and their predictive ability to determine whether preoperative PROM scores were predictive of achieving MCID. Results: Patients who scored worst at preoperative baseline made the greatest gains in function and pain relief following surgical treatment. ROC curves demonstrated that preoperative AOS, COFAS-AAS, SF-36 PCS physical function scores were predictive of postoperative improvements in physical function. Patients with preoperative AOS score above 45.7 had an 83% probability of achieving a clinically meaningful improvement in function as defined by MCID (area under the curve [AUC] 0.67). Similarly, Patients with preoperative COFAS-AAS score above 25.70 had a 78% probability of achieving MCID (area under the curve [AUC] 0.63). Patients with preoperative SF-36 PCS score below 31 had a 62% probability of achieving MCID (area under the curve [AUC] 0.64). MCIDs for AOS, COFAS-AAS and SF3-36 PCS score changes were 12.35, 9.99 and 6.43, respectively. Conclusion: In the present study, we identified PROM threshold values that predict clinically meaningful improvements in functional outcome in patients with end-stage ankle OA. Patients with a higher level of preoperative function are less likely to obtain meaningful improvement after surgical treatment. The results of this study may be used to facilitate discussion between physicians and patients regarding the expected functional benefit after surgery and to support the development of patient-based informed decision-making tools.


Legumes with roots that elongate rapidly over a wide temperature range should have improved seedling establishment semiarid regions. We determined effects of 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C temperature on main axis and lateral root growth of 12 forage legumes in germination chambers. Legumes differed (P < 0.05) in both main axis root length and lateral root development over temperatures and there were significant (P < 0.05) entry by temperature interactions. There were significant positive non-linear correlations with (R 2 ) of 0.72, 0.68, and 0.76 at 15, 20 and 25 °C temperatures, respectively, between sed weight and main axis root elongation


In order to study the bankruptcy risk in term life insurance,this study has developed a T-year term life insurance product.Because the death probability of each insured person is closely related with one's age,all the insured persons are grouped according to their age.According to the study of each group's bankruptcy model,the ruin probability is calculated and the ruin probability of the ruin model is derived.Also,through the application of the knowledge and theory on the bankruptcy risk,the model adjustment coefficient and the upper bound of ruin probability are obtained.These are useful for insurance company to design a corresponding financial early-warning system.They can be referenced for insurance supervision department in designing some regulatory index systems.


PURPOSE
To evaluate the effect of permanent occlusion of the hepatic artery on the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in an animal model.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
12 days after inoculation of the Morris hepatoma 3924 A in 15 male ACI rats, TACE with Mitomycin C (0.25 mg/kgBW) + Lipiodol (0.2 ml/kgBW) without (n = 5) and with permanent occlusion of the hepatic artery (n = 5) was performed. Control group consisted of 5 rats. Tumor volume was determined by MRI (1.0 T, T1 [TR/TE, 400/14 ms]) before and 12 days after therapy.

RESULTS
Compared to the control group, TACE without and with permanent occlusion of the hepatic artery showed a significant reduced tumor growth after 12 days (p = 0.017 and p = 0.005). However, permanent occlusion did not improve the retarding effect on tumor growth (p = 0.9).

CONCLUSION
The effectiveness of TACE in an animal model using a cytostatic-/lipiodol-emulsion is not improved by permanent occlusion of the hepatic artery.


Several office models based on different perspectives of offices have been published in the literature. Most of the models emphasize a particular aspect of an office and consequently do not capture all the nuances of offices. We study eight representative office models with regards to their expressive power and underlying concepts.From the set of concepts embedded in these models we arrive at a minimal set of three concepts, namely, office information, office work and office agents. These are the essential aspects to be captured in a model reflecting all the complexities of offices. Based on this minimal set, three basic entities -- object, activity and role -- are proposed. An outline of an office model in terms of its basic entities is presented. The existing models are analysed with reference to the characteristics of the basic entities.


Recent years, bushfire has been more and more frequent because of climate changes. At the scene of fires, firefighters have used drones for surveillance. In this paper, a model is designed to determine the optimal number of drones needed for a bushfire based on the data from satellites. We design a greedy algorithm to plan the cruise lines with the minimal number of drones, covering the fire region. We divide a region (take Victoria, Australia as an example) into blocks, and analysed each block to get the average number of drones needed. We also model the fire probability distribution and finally determine the total number of drones that should be reserved. The simulation (The simulation code is publicly available via https://github.com/WRangers/msadab) results and analysis show the model is effective and can adapt to a real-time changing large-scale bushfire situation, adjusting the cruise scheme dynamically. The algorithm is helpful to make a budget on purchasing equipment, and also helps the fire department deploy drones in bushfires.


air quantity control device, water vapor and fuel injected into a reformer (3) embedded fuel cell system in a motor vehicle (1) comprising an electronic control unit (10). The electronic control unit (10) comprises an estimator (15) of the gas rate at the output of the reformer (3) from input data comprising the air feed rate, the steam supply flow water, fuel flow, and the inlet temperature of the reformer gases, and means for controlling the quantities of air, water vapor and fuel injected into the reformer.


We review the recently-proposed non-equilibrium self-consistent generalized Langevin equation (NE-SCGLE) theory of irreversible processes in liquids, and describe the scenario that emerges from its application to the equilibration (or absence of equilibration!) of quenched glass-forming liquids. This theory extends to non-equilibrium conditions the SCGLE theory of dynamic arrest, which (just like the well-known mode coupling theory) determines the boundary of the ergodic domain of the system. In this first systematic application of the non-equilibrium theory we consider a model soft-sphere glass-forming liquid, initially at an ergodic equilibrium state, suddenly quenched to a lower final temperature that lies either (a) also in the ergodic domain, or (b) in the region of dynamically arrested states. In the first case the liquid will equilibrate within a finite equilibration time teq, while in the second the theory predicts that the liquid will age forever, (i.e., teq = ∞). The dynamic arrest boundary is t...


Abstract 2547 Introduction. Minimal residual disease (MRD) eradication in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated by standard chemo-immunotherapy regimens correlates with improved outcome. However, there is limited information about the interest of negative MRD after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). In this study we investigated whether blood phenotypic remission could impact post-transplant outcome in patients with CLL. Methods. We retrospectively included patients who underwent allo-SCT for CLL and with post-transplant MRD monitored by four or six-colour flow cytofluorometry in blood samples (sensitivity≥10 −4 ). Prognostic impact was evaluated on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Each of these parameters was evaluated according to the best response and to the 12 month-MRD status, using log-rank test. Results. Thirty-three patients from 4 hematology departments were included. Median age at transplant was 54 years (range, 41 to 66 years). The median number of prior chemotherapy regimens was 3 (range, 1 to 6) including autologous stem cell transplantation in 48% of the patients. Status at transplant was available in 27 patients and 11% of them had negative MRD, 26% haematological complete response (CR), 59.% partial response (PR) and 4% had refractory disease. Twenty-two patients (67%) received a reduced intensity conditionning regimen. Conditioning regimen included serotherapy (antithymoglobulin n = 10, alemtuzumab n = 1, rituximab n = 1) in 12 patients. Twenty-two patients (67%) were transplanted with HLA identical sibling donor. The median number of MRD evaluations after transplant was 5 (range, 1 to 23). Response to transplant: After transplant, 16 patients achieved negative MRD, 15 patients achieved haematological CR, 1 PR and 1 did not respond to transplant. Among the 16 patients with phenotypic remission, negativation of MDR was obtained before the cessation of immunosuppressive therapy for 15 of them (94%) and median time to negativation was 7 months (range, 2 to 20 months). In patients achieving phenotypic remission chronic GVHD rate was 75% versus 44% in patients with post-transplant detectable MRD. Post-transplant outcomes: With a median follow-up of 27 months, the 2-y OS and the 2-y PFS were respectively 84% and 53%. Cause of death (n = 8) was progression in 4 cases and transplant related mortality in 4 cases. Impact of phenotypic remission: The achievement of phenotypic remission (whatever the time of evaluation) correlates with better PFS: 2-y PFS was 85% in these patients versus 27% in the other patients ( p = 0.012). Considering the 19 patients with MRD evaluation available at 12 months after transplant, 2-y PFS was 100% in 12-month-negative-MRD patients (n = 10) versus 17% in positive-MRD patients at that date ( p = 0.003) No relapse was observed in the group of patients who achieved phenotypic remission at 12 months post-transplant ( figure ). Conclusion. These data suggest that achievement of post transplant negative MRD in patients with CLL is associated with a long-term control of the disease and better PFS. In our series, no relapse occurred in patients with negative MRD at 12 months post transplant. These results could lead to decrease immunotherapy and to administrate donor lymphocytes to patients with post-transplant persistent positive MRD. Disclosures: Leblond : ROCHE : Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; MUNDIPHARMA : Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; CELGENE : Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen : Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees.


This paper investigates the deflection of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) plates. The calculated deflections of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP using Branson's equation, adopted by the American Concrete Institute Code, were found to be underestimated. Therefore, a method for calculating the deflections of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete beams is proposed. In addition, alternative expressions for calculating the effective moment of inertia for FRP-strengthened beams at the cracking and postcracking stages are developed. The deflections calculated using the proposed expressions were found to correlate well with the measured deflections in laboratory beam tests. A numerical example illustrating use of the proposed procedure is appended.


A modulation‐doped superlattice of n‐(Al,Ga)As and undoped AlAs has been grown by molecular beam epitaxy. At cryogenic temperatures, electrons transfer into the undoped AlAs layers and enhanced mobilities as high as 1000 cm2/Vs are observed for the first time. It is shown that by properly accounting for the depth of the donor level in modulation‐doped heterostructures reasonably good limits can be set on the gamma point conduction‐band discontinuity at the heterojunction. It is found that this discontinuity is approximately 60–65% of the band‐gap difference between the two alloys, in good agreement with other recent determinations.


We consider the observational constraints on stupendously large black holes (SLABs) in the mass range $M \gtrsim 10^{11}\,M_{\odot}$. These have attracted little attention hitherto and we are aware of no published constraints on a SLAB population in the range $(10^{12}$ - $10^{18})\,M_{\odot}$. However, there is already evidence for black holes of up to nearly $10^{11}\,M_{\odot}$ in galactic nuclei, so it is conceivable that SLABs exist and they may even have been seeded by primordial black holes. We focus on limits associated with (i) dynamical and lensing effects, (ii) the generation of background radiation through the accretion of gas during the pregalactic epoch, and (iii) the gamma-ray emission from the annihilation of the halo of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) expected to form around each SLAB if these provide the dark matter. Finally, we comment on the constraints on the mass of ultra-light bosons from future measurements of the mass and spin of SLABs.


The British disability movement has had significant achievements in its struggle for independent living. However, the current community care framework contains many barriers to independent living. This article sets out a conceptual framework for an understanding of independent living and provides an analysis of the barriers posed by the social care system. These range from financial incentives for placing disabled people in residential care, to a failure to address needs relating to employment, parenting and leisure. Disabling attitudes held by social services professionals about 'risk' and 'capacity' are also major barriers. It is clear that, unless the legislative framework is amended to include an entitlement to independent living, disabled people will continue to be denied their full human and civil rights.


Using the Golgi method, we have identified three morphological types of horizontal cell (HC) in the chameleon retina. Type I is located at the level of the retinal fovea and has a dense dentritic tree occupying a circular area of 4-5 ?m. Type II is situated in the peripheral and central parts of the retina. Its dentritic tree ranges between 20 and 40 ?m in diameter, increasing from the central retina to the periphery. Type III is found in the peripheral most zones of the retina and has a dendritic field of scarce, elongated prolongations covering an area of 40-70 ?m. In all three types of HC described, we observed that some neurons show among their dendrites a longer prolongation ending in a pointed swelling that could be the cell axon. In addition, we used immunohistochemistry to analize the expression of several neurotransmitters that may be used by horizontal cells. Our results suggest that horizontal cells have: GABAergic-Ir negative. Glycinergic-Ir negative, Glutamatergic-Ir negative, and Aspartatergic-Ir positive properties. This latter aspect is mainly seen in the peripheral parts of the chameleon retina.


We propose a modeling method of the wind power output for very short-term prediction. The model has cascade structure composed of two parts: One is a linear dynamical part that is driven by a white Gaussian noise and described by an auto regressive model. The other is a nonlinear static part that is driven by the output of the linear part. This nonlinear part is designed such that the distribution of its output matches with that of the wind power output. The constructed model is utilized to one-step ahead prediction of the wind power output. Furthermore, we evaluate the relation between the prediction accuracy and the sampling period for modeling.


We show how monotone interpretations – a termination analysis technique for term rewriting
systems – can be used to assess the inherent parallelism of recursive programs manipulating
inductive data structures. As a side effect, we show how monotone interpretations specify a
parallel execution order, and how our approach extends naturally affine scheduling – a powerful
analysis used in parallelising compilers – to recursive programs. This work opens new perspectives
in automatic parallelisation.


To meet the project requirements of 7 000-meter manned submersible vehicle,this paper presents a dynamic positioning method based on underwater monocular camera as a vision sensor for underwater vehicles.Using three-dimension position and orientation relationship between the underwater vehicle and the observed object,the method can make the vehicle approach to and hover around the desired position and orientation through analyzing path planning,position control and orientation control,thus 4-DOF dynamic positioning for the underwater vehicle is obtained.The tank experiments demonstrate that the dynamic positioning method can work well,with constant current and man-made position disturbance,and achieve automatic tracking of the observed object.


The preparation of a series of dimethoxy and dimethoxynitroacridines and their activity in oxic and hypoxic cells is reported. Anthranilic acids 1,4,14 were prepared according to the Ullmann condensation. 9-chloroacridines were obtained from anthranilic acids by refluxing in phosphorus oxychloride. The synthesis of two new acridine dimers 9,10 is described. Nitration of 9-chloro-2,4-dimethoxyacridine 15 gave 3-nitro isomer 19. By phenol-mediated coupling reaction from all the 9-chloroacridines, the respective 9-(alkylamino)acridines were obtained. By nitration of 17 a new 2,4-dimethoxy-3,7-dinitroacridine 21 was prepared


Life is a dream the dream of living. It springs from a non-dual background, but is interpreted dualistically on the basis of our preconceptions about reality. This interpretation gives rise to the illusion the roots of which are obstinately deep – that there is a person, individual or soul who experiences things. The entire, colorful range of experience is born out of this illusion, beautiful though it may be at times. By way of an analogy, it may be likened to a play, in which all the parts are played simultaneously by the same actor, who however is so absorbed in the persons and events of the play that he identifies with them. The actor has become lost in the dream of existence, of maya, of samsara.


Anemia is very common in critically ill patients and is usually treated with blood transfusions. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia, transfusion rate and practice in the intensive care unit (ICU). This prospective cohort study was carried out in a medical-surgical ICU of a tertiary referral hospital. Patients admitted to the ICU for >48 hours were included. The following were documented: patient demographic data and ICU admission diagnosis; baseline haemoglobin (Hb), platelet count, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, creatinine level, urea level, alanine aminotransferase level, and bilirubin level; and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores. Daily Hb levels were collected. Overall, 449 patients were included in the study (mean age, 46.5 years; range, 14-94 years). Most patients (64.4% men and 69.9% women) were anemic on ICU admission and 83.4% patients were anemic during their ICU stay. Approximately one-third (32%) patients developed thrombocytopenia. Sepsis was the most common admission diagnosis. Most patients had central venous catheters (92.4%) or mechanical ventilation (81.1%). ICU and hospital mortality were 12.2% and 19.2%, respectively. Half (49.9%) the study population received at least 1 transfusion consisting of an average of 2 units of packed red blood cells. Logistic regression analysis showed that transfusion is associated with increased ICU (P<.0001) and hospital mortality (P=.0004). The anemia prevalence and the transfusion rate in our population were very high. The current transfusion practice definitely warrants improvement.


Work related muscle-skeletal disorders (WMSD) have a huge impact in manufacturing industry. Global economy increases demand for goods manufactured on production lines, requiring day to day improved efficiencies, thus exposing workers to some WMSD risk factors. Recovery time for local muscular fatigue has been a control method to prevent such disorders. This work aims to present a statistical model to calculate recovery time considering personal and occupational variables instead of those biomechanical variables used in most of current models. Practitioner Summary: This statistical model estimates recovery time within the cycle work in repetitive activities on industrial work, depending on personal and operational variables instead to rely on biomechanical models, thus pretends to made easy to attend the local muscular fatigue and prevent it effect on workers.


A primary goal of developing the CO 2 atmospheric measurement network is to better characterize the sources and sinks of atmospheric CO 2 . Atmospheric transport models can be used to interpret atmospheric measurements in terms of surface fluxes using inverse methodology. In this paper we present a three-dimensional (3-D) inversion of CO 2 measurements in order to infer annual sources and sinks of CO 2 at a continental scale (continents and ocean basins) for a climatological year representing the 1985-1995 period. Solving this inverse problem requires (1) a data space representing monthly CO 2 measurements, here at 77 sites (surface, ships, planes), (2) a flux space describing a priori fluxes between carbon reservoirs, and (3) a 3-D transport model linking the flux space to the data space. Knowledge of these three elements, together with their associated errors, allows one to reduce the uncertainties of the CO 2 sources and sinks. In the 1985-1995 period, for our control inversion, the global continental sink is found to be 2.7±1.5 Gt C yr' for an optimized deforestation source of 1.4±0.6 Gt C yr', yielding a net land uptake of 1.3±1.6 Gt C yr' (fossil fuel removed). The continental partition of this budget is (in units of Gt C yr 1 ): Arctic +0.2±0.3, North America -0.5±0.6, Europe -0.3±0.8, north Asia -1.5±0.7, tropics (except Asia) +0.3±0.9, tropical Asia +0.8±0.4, and Southern Hemisphere -0.1±0.3. The inferred partition for the controversial Northern Hemisphere CO 2 sink reveals that a major sink is located over the north Asia continent. For oceans we find a net global sink of 1.5±0.5 Gt C yr' with the following partition (in units of Gt C yr'): North Pacific -0.3±0.2, North Atlantic -0.8±0.3, equator +0.6±0.2, 20°S-50°S oceans -0.9±0.3, and austral ocean -0.1±0.1.


In this paper we propose a heuristic opportunistic scheduler that is consistent with the resource allocation constraints of the uplink channel for 3G long term evolution (LTE) systems. Retransmission processes as well as channel conditions are taken into account in the formation of the scheduling decision. The heuristic scheduler could be seen a reasonable choice for solving the constrained resource allocation maximization problem since it is computationally feasible and can find a practical solution. We also formulate an integer programming problem that provides a theoretical optimal solution. The heuristic scheduler was found to perform relatively well when compared to the optimal solution.


Variance reduction techniques are necessary for the Monte Carlo (MC) calculations in which obtaining a detailed flux distribution for a large and complex model is required. A new method for generating mesh weight window (WW) parameters is presented, named global weight window generator (GWWG). In the method, MC calculation is performed to generate the importance of each mesh voxel in the user-set region, and then the corresponding WW parameters are obtained. The importance is related to whether the simulated particles can be uniformly transported to each mesh voxel, which is called particles density uniformity. The GWWG method does not rely on user's design experience and can significantly improve the calculation efficiency. The tests for this method have been conducted on ITER reference neutronics models. In the calculation of ITER C-Lite model, the FoM was improved comparing to the analog FoM by the factor of 637.4.


Wastewaters containing phosphorus and nitric acid are produced during biological treatment processes. In this study, a material for treating such wastewaters was developed. Foamed glass was produced from waste glass and then heated with iron sulfate to prepare an adsorbent for phosphorus and carrier for reducing nitric acid. The adsorbent performance was evaluated in batch and continuous experiments. The saturated adsorption amount of phosphate was 6.23 mg/g for the product obtained from glass of size 3 to 12 mm; the amount adsorbed was relatively high, in spite of the large glass size. The denitrification by reduction of nitrate was around 25%.


Meteorological information for reconnaissance and fire systems (RFS) is formalized in certain forms, for the armed forces of Ukraine and some other countries it is the bulletin "Meteorological" [1-5]. The content of this bulletin, as a rule, does not depend on the tasks assigned to the RFS. Therefore, the bulletin contains some unnecessary information, which reduces the efficiency of communication and data transmission channels, the use of forces and means for meteorological support, as well as leads to loss of control of their components. The essence of the recommendation is the early inclusion of meteorological stations of the Hydrometeorological Center, aviation and marine (ship) meteorological stations in the general network of meteorological stations, as well as the establishment of interaction between them. Due to the fact that in the codes KN-01, KN-04, METAR (SPECI) it is accepted to bind to standard isobaric surfaces [6-10] and use the value of atmospheric pressure in millibars (MB) the first point of the specified order is the transfer of the value of atmospheric pressure in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). In the future, on the basis of the obtained results, a graph of the vertical distribution of standard isobaric surfaces is constructed. The next point of this order is the transfer of the schedule from standard isobaric surfaces to standard heights adopted in RFS. In the future, plotting the dependence of air temperature, direction and wind speed on standard heights. The next point is the conversion of wind direction and speed into ballistic wind components at standard heights. The next point is to take into account additional information that is necessary for the reconnaissance and fire system, but there is no formalized record of it. For example, such as (the height of the lower threshold of clouds, the direction and speed of the wind in the area of targets, air density, transparency of the atmosphere). Thus, the recommendations for working with meteorological information in the interests of the functioning of RFS are to use meteorological information from various sources, which will significantly increase the efficiency of RFS.


Photographic plates of the moving structures in the cometary tail are examined. Several divergent explanations for the case of comet Kohoutek are presented. It is suggested that these hypotheses be tested by observing the motion of the material spectroscopically by means of the Doppler effect.


From genomics to proteomics, analytical tools for high-throughput screening are in increasing demand. In his Perspective, [Hampp][1] highlights the report by [ Das et al .][2], who have developed a simple and flexible analytical tool based on synthetic membrane pores. The method is based on differential binding of the substrate and product of an enzymatic reaction to the pore and should be particularly useful for high-throughout screening in proteomics.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/298/5598/1561
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/298/5598/1600


Stress is becoming an important factor in a person's life today. According to the World Health Organization, stress is a type of mental illness that affects the health of citizens. There is no one in the world who does not suffer from stress or depression. Everyone gets some amount of stress. Stress is a major symptom for mental health. Stress affects every aspect of a person's life such as emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. This paper presented the study on previous research on stress detection based on machine learning algorithms. presented a stress level classification framework using the PhysioBank dataset to analyze the stress level. The statistical analysis was used for feature selection and extraction, and it found that stress level classification has been successfully implemented based on the proposed gradient boost algorithm. The evaluated results showed that the proposed model achieved accuracy (83.33%), specificity (75%), Sensitivity (75%), Positive Predictive Value (90%), Negative Predictive Value (90%), Error Rate(16.66%), F1_Score (83.33%), Recall (75%). The proposed gradient boost algorithm performed well as compared to other machine learning algorithms, namely, KNN, Random Forest and, support vector machine. The proposed model was shown to be effective in classifying stress level prediction.


The 1925 law on cultural autonomy of minorities guaranteed Estonia's most significant minorities the right to independently decide how they wanted to arrange their own national-cultural matters. In this article I will focus on why Estonia decided to pass a law that was exceptional in the atmosphere of that time. To find an answer, it is necessary also to analyze how (through what process) the law was shaped and for whom the law was ultimately intended. In summary, it can be said that there were about ten factors, which were different, yet interconnected and similar in their impact, and only together did they provide sufficient impetus to make it possible to approve autonomy.


Abstract In an effort to develop risk‐based Soil Screening Levels (SSLs) for Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) in weathered soils, literature reviews were conducted to identify information regarding toxicology and previously developed oral risk factors for neat petroleum products and their potential surrogates, in particular, long chain petroleum hydrocarbons (LCPHs). Oral reference doses (RfDs) were identified in the literature for hexane; nonane; gasoline; JE‐4; JP‐5; marine diesel fuel; and mineral oil. Alternative RfDss are proposed for these previously developed oral RfDs and new oral RfDss were developed for other petroleum‐related chemicals where sufficient toxicological information was available. RfDss were developed for hexane; nonane; decane; C10 ‐ C11 isoparaffinic hydrocarbon; dearomatized white spirit C11 ‐ C12; gasoline; JP‐4; JP‐5; JP‐7; JP‐8; marine diesel fuel; mineral oil; and for petroleum wax. Then risk‐based SSLs were estimated for each of these compounds using the oral RfDs and the ...


We present an analysis of the classic wormhole geometries based on conformal Weyl gravity, rather than standard general relativity. The main characteristics of the resulting traversable wormholes remain the same as in the seminal study by Morris and Thorne, namely, that effective super-luminal motion is a viable consequence of the metric. Improving on previous work on the subject, we show that for particular choices of the shape and redshift functions the wormhole metric in the context of conformal gravity does not violate the main energy conditions at or near the wormhole throat. Some exotic matter might still be needed at the junction between our solutions and flat spacetime, but we demonstrate that the averaged null energy condition (as evaluated along radial null geodesics) is satisfied for a particular set of wormhole geometries. Therefore, if fourth-order conformal Weyl gravity is a correct extension of general relativity, traversable wormholes might become a realistic solution for interstellar travel.


This work is to elaborate the Jeffery stagnation point flow towards a cylindrical surface with the homogenous–heterogeneous reactions, magnetic field, and heat generation effects. The heat transport process is delineated by the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model in concert with the thermal stratification. The consequential PDEs are reduced to ODEs by carrying out a set of similarity transformations. These equations are solved numerically using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg technique along with the shooting proficiency. The involved parameters are analysed and provided by means of graphs. It is concluded that the Jeffery fluid velocity reflects inciting values for curvature parameter but the opposite aspects are recorded for the magnetic field parameter. Further, the Jeffery fluid concentration shows higher values via both the homogenous and heterogeneous reaction parameters. The obtained outcomes are validated with an existing work.


Environmental professionals, such as regulatory specialists, wastewater treatment plant operators, laboratory technicians and industrial hygienists, in the US and other developed countries measure hazardous and non-hazardous substances in parts per million (ppm). Many people with limited scientific backgrounds are comfortable with these measurements. EPA and OSHA have established regulatory guidelines measured in ppm and parts per billion (ppb). However, these are volume-per-volume measurements, which usually are limited to airborne and aquatic contaminants. For hazardous wastes, the Agency prefers a weight-per-volume basis, measuring in milligrams per liter (mg/L); and for airborne particulates, OSHA adopts a weight-per-volume basis in milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m[sup 3]). Both are equivalent to 1 ppm. Because atoms are infinitesimally small, it is necessary to use increments of this magnitude.


Background: "Self-care" is an essential component for adolescents with leukemia to cope with the illness and chemotherapy. Pediatric clinicians, especially nurses, need to create method to support self-care practice of adolescent with leukemia. Because the current literature contains little evidence concerning self-care in adolescents with leukemia during their chemotherapy period, studies on the meaning of self-care from the experience of adolescents with leukemia are needed. Method: The qualitative method was applied in this study to describe the meaning of self-care from the experience of adolescents with leukemia. Data were collected by in-depth interview of 11 adolescents with leukemia. In addition, field note and observation note were written on the reflections, ideas, and meaning of self-care during the data collection process. All data were analyzed by using thematic analysis method. Results: Two themes reflected the meaning of self-care from the perspective of adolescents, including 1) "Leaning self-care ": Adolescents with leukemia must "learn" many things about living with chemotherapy and maintaining their way of life, and 2) "Performing self-care in daily life" : were the strategies to performing self-care to fit with the daily life. Conclusion: Both themes emphasized the point of "self-care" that adolescents with leukemia took in terms of learning self-care and the variety of self-care activities that they practiced and modified for the goodness of integration with daily living. The findings help provide a clear picture of self-care in this group, and can help pediatric nurses and clinicians create intervention to support self-care for adolescents with leukemia.


Using the basic theory and method of time-frequency analysis,the time-frequency distribution of PD radar transmitted signal effected by different pulse width,different pulse repetition frequency and different simple frequency is analyzed.And then the time-frequency distribution of PD radar received signal effected by different target distance,different target velocity,different target accelerated velocity and different target reflection intensity under noise background is analyzed.Moreover it is emulated by MATLAB time-frequency toolbox.


The factor(s) that causes excessive mast cell (MC) proliferation in indolent forms of mastocytosis is not known, nor is it known whether that proliferation is a regulated clonal expansion or merely a non-neoplastic hyperplasia. Human MCs display phenotypes that depend on the microenvironment. Thus, if the phenotype of MCs in mastocytosis lesions is determined to be abnormal for that tissue site (and therefore the MCs are refractory to microenvironmental signals) then a clonal process would be suggested. The authors determined the phenotypes of MCs from the lesional skin of 17 patients with indolent mastocytosis and the bone marrows of 9 patients. They compared them with the phenotypes of MCs from the lesional skin of 8 patients with various dermatitides, the skin of 2 patients with idiopathic anaphylaxis, and the breast skin of 15 control patients. MCs from all the skin specimens showed the characteristic skin MC phenotype, with predominantly scroll-poor granules by ultrastructure and containing tryptase and chymase by immunofluorescence detection (the MCTC immunophenotype). The skin MCs of each patient bound avidin and contained carboxypeptidase by immunofluorescence detection. MCs from the bone marrow of patients with indolent mastocytosis, the source of progenitors, also showed the scroll-poor and MCTC phenotypes. These findings do not support an unregulated clonal expansion in indolent forms of mastocytosis. They are consistent with a non-neoplastic hyperplasia or possibly a clonal process in which MCs remain responsive to microenvironmental regulation.


Proton-conductive materials are the most important components in fuel cells. At present, there are still significant challenges for the controllable design of anhydrous proton electrolytes with high conductivity at high...


ABSTRACT Social work practice in Ghana involves the use of group work as a method of providing services for clients. However, not much Ghanaian literature exists on group work. This provides a narrative of a group worker's facilitation of a support group for persons living with HIV/AIDS to highlight the lessons learned from the experience.


A new large marsupial glider, Petaurus abidi, from the Torricelli Mountains of northwestern coastal Papua New Guinea is described and figured, and morphologically compared with the three species of the genus previously known. The new form differs from both named races of the generally larger P. australis primarily in possession of a well developed dark mid-dorsal head-and-back stripe, an unelongated ear, noticeably smaller claws, a longer narrower palate, and greater maxillary dental measurements. It differs from P. breviceps and P. norfolcensis primarily by being larger in all cranial and dental measurements, as well as in essentially all external dimensions. However, similarities in colouration and pattern, in ear and claw proportions, and in various skull characters, as well as, to some extent, biogeographical considerations, suggest the new species' closest intrageneric relationship is with one of these two smaller species. The colloquial name recommended for this new species is Northern Glider.


Domesticity, the careful, self-conscious cultivation of affection and mutuality in the family, has usuallv been recognized only in its Victorian and sub sequent modes. This essay identifies an earlier Enlightenment form of domesticity, based on rational friendship, the equal capacity for reason in both sexes, and a dis tinctive view of death and Christian spirituality. Focusing on English aristocratic widows, the author explores rational friendship and its corollaries—the legitimacy of marriage refusal, socially unequal intermar riage, and the single life. She introduces a new paradigm of sociality and sexuality, and interprets some demographic changes and issues of family affect. She concludes that rational domesticity promoted emotional interdependence beyond the nuclear family, especially among siblings, but also among other kin and non kin. Enlightenment domesticity had a far-reaching effect on family culture in a modernizing society because of its emphasis on reason, choice, egalitarian moral responsibility, and hetersocial as well as homosocial friendships.


In this paper, we present a deep convolutional neural network (ConvNet) based framework for estimating the bee pose from a single image. Unlike some existing human pose estimation methods that localize a fixed number of body joints, our method handles the cases with a varying number of targets. Compared to the existing bee pose estimation methods, our framework is more robust and accurate. It is effective even for some challenging images (e.g., when the bee is fed sugar water with a stick). The proposed framework learns a mapping from the global structure and local appearance of a bee to its pose. We evaluated our method on two challenging datasets. Experiments showed that it has achieved significant improvements over the existing insect pose estimation algorithms.


An approximate and simple expression for the false alarm probability of a CA-CFAR device downstream from a linearlaw detector is presented. The results obtained are in good agreement with those found using a Monte Carlo simulation.


e22130Background: Understanding patients' and caregivers' preferences and attitudes about knowing the cancer diagnosis and prognosis (D&P) prevents demoralization of the patients. The Western medic...


Persistent spectral hole burning was performed on the 7F0–5D1 transition of Sm2+ in thin films of SrFCl. Depending on the substrate and the growth conditions, a total hole depth between 47% and 70% was reached. The holes were Lorentzians of width 4(±0.3) cm−1. The time evolution of the hole depth was studied. It is described by two exponentials: a short time decay (t1=0.37 days) and a long time decay (t2=20.4 days) with a 20% infinite time limit. One- and two-photon burning mechanisms act.


Nowadays electricity is one of the most significant requirements and base of life facilities. Any interruption in supplying and providing power, like widespread blackouts will cause irreparable effects on different aspects of a society. Technology increasing progress provides remote control and monitoring of power grid through the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system and substation automation which decreases the costs of power transition and control, increases the efficiency and motivates to smart grid. These kinds of technologies create new opportunities to remote monitoring and control of the power substations and equipment for the regional electricity companies. Some of these achievements have been used before but modern systems provide more facilities in operation and maintenance of power system. It is noticeable that this opportunity may convert to threat if cyber security encounters with lack of attention in the smart grid. Therefore, providing sensitive and secure equipment is one of most significant and vital problems to increase the cyber safety and decrease cyber-attack risk in the smart grid. Therefore the facilities equipment, their risks and vulnerabilities should be detected and appropriate methods should be propounded to encounter with these problems. In this paper, substructures of smart grids are firstly discussed. After this introduction, threats, risks and security requirements will be considered in the smart grid. In the following, different types of cyber-attacks and the best architectural and security strategies will be offered.


56 Chapters in 9 Sections: I OTOGENY of the IMMUNE SYSTEM II DISORDERS of the HOST DEFENSE III EPIDEMIOLOGY of INFECTIONS BY the IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST IV INFECTIONS of the COMPROMISED HOST V SPECIFIC ORGANISMS IMPLICATED in INFECTIONS or IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS VI IMMUNIZATIONS in the IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOST VII PROPHYLACTIC ANTIBIOTICS and IMMUNOGLOBIN THERAPY VIII DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES for ESTABLISHING an ETIOLOGIC DIAGNOSIS IX CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY Index


The monotonic shear tests are carried out to investigate the mechanical properties of rock mass joints with the second-order asperities,which simulated by small regular saw tooth;and gypsum material is used to simulating rock mass joint samples.Five artificial joint samples with different heights of second-order asperities are tested under low normal stress,which keep constant during the tests.Characteristics of shear strength and deformation are analyzed;an interpretation of the joints failure modes is given.Based on the experimental results,it can be found that the second-order asperities have important influence on the shear mechanical properties of joints,and the mechanical properties are different from the joints with first-order asperities only,for which shear stress vs.shear displacement curve just has one peak shear stress;by contrast,the joints with second-order asperities have multi-peak shear stress,which decreases gradually one after one with the increase of shear displacements.As well,the dilatancy curves of the joints with second-order asperities show wave shape.With the increase of second-order asperities height,peak shear strength increases;the failure modes appear wearing,many-times shearing of asperities,and one-time shearing failure of asperities.


Concurrent engineering has a longer history in manufacturing than it does in construction. In manufacturing, it is closely associated with the advent of new production management concepts and techniques, known variously as lean production, agile manufacturing, etc. Concurrent engineering is the name used to signify the structuring and management of product development processes within the new management philosophy. Consequently, production control techniques such as pulling information forward through the engineering process belong to the realm of concurrent engineering. Pull techniques for managing work flow were developed in manufacturing and have recently been applied to construction. Can pull techniques be used in the management of design as well? Pull techniques are explained and obstacles to their application in design are reviewed. Benefits and preconditions of pulling are also presented. Concepts and techniques are proposed to overcome obstacles and satisfy preconditions for pulling. Future research is suggested in the application and testing of these concepts and techniques.


In recent years, with the large-scale growth of the high-energy physics experimental data, the performance of metadata retrieval based on disk storage has been gradually reduced, which can not meet the retrieval performance requirements of EB-level high-energy physics experimental metadata. To solve this problem, a method of converting traditional directory structure storage into RAMCloud storage is proposed. The core idea of this method is to use Key-Value non-relational database to re-design the traditional directory tree, separate directory structure and directory node content, and add a secondary index for parent directory, which can give full play to Key-Value retrieval and memory storage advantages, improve search efficiency. Through the implementation of the test, showed that the method has a better performance. Compared to the storage based on Mysql, the retrieval time drops significantly in the case of increased data.


In 1994, a limit on the growth of property values for tax purposes was imposed in Michigan. One consequence of the newly imposed assessment growth cap was an emerging differential in tax prices between potential new property owners and long-time property owners. The purpose this article is to examine the impact of this growing tax price differential on migration patterns. Using county level data on migration activity over the 1994-2006 period, the authors present evidence that differential tax prices resulting from the assessment growth cap have reduced in-migration.


Rationale and Objective: Cigarette smoking is a major health crisis across the globe resulting in many diseases including cardiovascular injuries. This study mainly focused on delineating mechanisms of CS induced cardiac stem cell (CSC) damage, which was observed earlier by our research group. We hypothesized that cigarette smoke induced reactive oxygen intermediates modify anti oxidant enzymes and proteins present in CSC via carbonylation leading to CSC damage, which can be attenuated by ascorbate treatment. Methods: C‐kit positive CSCs have been used as the experimental model. Following treatment of CSCs with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 24 hours, CSE induced oxidative modification of CSC proteins, total glutathione level, catalase activity, inhibition of super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity and ascorbate mediated prevention were assessed. The employed methods were; oxi‐ELISA, oxi‐blot / SDS polyacrylamide electrophoresis followed by western blotting, catalase, SOD activity, and total glutathione detection assays. Results: CSE induced oxidative modification / carbonylation of CSC proteins, inhibition of SOD activity, and alleviation of inhibition by ascorbate was observed. CSE caused increase in both catalase activity and total glutathione level in CSCs, which are indicative of oxidative stress. Ascorbate treatment decreased catalase activity indicating squelching of free radicals. Ascorbate increased total glutathione level in CSCs. Conclusions: Oxidative stress induced modulation of CSC proteins and antioxidant enzyme activity is the main mechanism for CSE induced attenuation of CSC function. Ascorbate served as a preventative measure. Implications: As CS attenuates CSC functions, it is crucial to find a way to optimize CSCs prior to transplant. Ascorbate pre‐conditioning serves as a promising target.


The purpose of the study was to examine 1466 school principals' opinions on six different aspects of counseling practices in K-12 public and private schools. Results indicated that there were significant differences between public and private school principals' opinions on school counseling priorities, perceptions, academic development, and program management. School type and school-level interactions were significant for career and academic development and marginally significant for personal–social development. School level had also significant main effects on personal–social, career, and academic developments. These results may be of value to school leaders and educators concerned with improving student achievement and school effectiveness through revising and improving their school counseling services.


The article explores students' academic progress and perceptions regarding the didactic potential of cloud-based Google Apps and traditional university educational web-portal for language for specific purposes learning. The paper starts with literature review, provides the data of pilot training, surveys and correlational study related to students' achievements when learning in the cloud with Google Apps, on the one hand and when using a university educational web-portal, on the other. The paper examines those factors that shape learners' satisfaction and frustration regarding the above learning, addresses the issue of the possible relation between students' socio-cultural background and their opinions and academic progress concerning the chosen tools for training. Finally, the tentative conclusion is drawn on how the cloud-based Google Apps could bring benefits to university students' language for specific purposes learning, in comparison with the university "traditional" educational web-portal.


The study of multilayer heterostructures is of great interest for the development of materials with new properties. This objective can be achieved by means of crystal combination, which have necessary characteristics. When the length of electromagnetic waves is over the superlattice period, dispersion of vibrations propagating in the heterostructures is insensitive to the phenomenon at the layer boundary and, therefore, superlattice may be considered as homogeneous crystalline medium which characterizes by the set of effective parameters. The expression, which helps to define the effective tensor of dielectric permeability of the multilayer medium disturbed by the electric field of low frequency, has been found. By this, we considered the superlattice formed by crystalline layers of arbitrary symmetry. The properties of multilayer heterostructure have been analyzed at different configurations of electrooptical interaction. The possibility of creating of heterostructures with higher electrooptical efficiency as compared with its forming crystal components has been theoretically approved. The conditions of realization of superlattices, which are insensitive to the value ofexternal electric field, on the basis ofelectrooptical crystals, have been found.


Abstract: This article is premised on a critique of the view that technological capacities are independent of social hierarchies and are increasingly becoming participatory, allowing the entry of individuals from different levels of social strata. In response to the work Jacques Ellul and Francois Hetman, this paper argues that knowledge of technology, while indeed providing a momentary space for decision-making, does not necessarily restructure social hierarchies. Through case studies presented from the world of Indian documentary filmmaking, this paper puts forth the view that technology operators, despite being technologically advanced, do not break into the filmmaking hierarchical order. This remains true even where technical knowledge rests most with those in the lowest rungs of the filmmaking ladder. Instead, technological knowledge provides the scope for other kinds of relationships to develop, such as those of 'trusting the technician' or 'admiration for the technician's work'. This admiration is especially acquired through techniques of improvisation that the technological operator becomes proficient in. Furthermore, what continues to define documentary filmmaking hierarchy is conceptualization capacities of the practitioners, which are influenced by a similarity in socio-cultural backgrounds and film school training accessible to only a limited few.


Abstract We show that a Δ02 Turing degree computes solutions to all computable instances of the finite intersection principle if and only if it computes a 1-generic degree. We also investigate finite and infinite variants of the principle.


Increasing numbers of US millennial missionaries are working alongside Chinese house church pastors in China, and conflicts between the two groups have been noted. To date, a majority of scholarly works have explored each of these group's more surface-level needs, values, and preferences. This basic qualitative study seeks to describe differences in their tacitly held working models of ministry. Working models of ministry have been defined as taken-for-granted assumptions about what it means to be a minister. Analysis of qualitative data yielded from 16 semi-structured interviews resulted in a description of how each of these two groups have conceptualized ministry. In responding to different social contexts, each model has had a different structure, mechanism, and movement. Metaphorically, Chinese participants have been ministering as shepherds by establishing in-group boundaries, embodying clear direction, and taking responsibility for their flock's growth. In contrast, millennial participants have been ministering as Sherpas by coming alongside those whom they are discipling, walking with them, and sharing burdens during the journey. This study recommends Chinese house church pastors adopt certain aspects of the US model as they lead millennial missionaries. This study also recommends millennial missionaries adopt certain aspects of the Chinese model as they disciple Chinese Christians.


We consider dissipative processes involving both chemical reaction and physical diffusion in systems for which the influence of boundaries and system size on the dynamics cannot be neglected. We report the results of Monte Carlo simulations on an irreversible reaction in a confined system subject to two sorts of finite boundary conditions. The problem is posed in such a way as to take maximal advantage of two earlier studies: Montroll's work on random walks on $d$-dimensional periodic lattices with traps, and the work of Sanders, Ruijgrok, and ten Bosch on random walks on two-dimensional finite lattices with traps. Our results are used to discuss the concept of reduction of dimensionality as introduced by Adam and Delbr\"uck in their study of biological diffusion processes.


The functioning of modern information systems takes place in conditions of considerable uncertainty and heterogeneity of information flows, which makes it difficult to process such information: solutions are inaccurate, unstable, unfounded and not interpreted, which has been repeatedly noted in the scientific literature. This article suggests one of the methodological ways to eliminate these difficulties based on the application of the regularizing Bayesian approach (RBA) and Bayesian intelligent measurements (BIM). Information processing, both in the form of data and in the form of knowledge, is performed in BIM systems on special scales, scales with dynamic constraints that ensure the integration of numerical and linguistic information based on a modified Bayesian decision inference rule. Traceability of measurement solutions is ensured by introducing a parallel branch of metrological support for information processing. The semantic components of conjugate scales of the SDC type implement the interpretability (explainability) of measurements. The introduction of metrological justification of knowledge in technologies based on RBA provides a significant increase in the efficiency of information processing, both in artificial intelligence systems that traditionally work with knowledge, and in measurement systems for the intellectualization of measurements by ensuring the stability, interpretability and required quality of the resulting solutions. In addition, it is the metrological support of information technologies that will allow for the reliable integration of artificial intelligence and measurement technologies, which is an urgent need of modern information systems.


MicroFACT 1.1, A Microcomputer Factor Analysis Program for Dichotomous and Ordered Polytomous Data and Mainframe Sized Problems. By Niels G. Waller (1995). Distributed by Assessment Systems Corporation, 2233 University Avenue, Suite 200, St. Paul, MN 55114–1629. System requirements: 386DX and a math coprocessor (or 486DX) with 2 Mb of RAM and approximately 1 Mb of hard disk space, using DOS 3.3 or higher. Academic, $299; nonacademic: $325.


The spin dynamics triggered by an ultrashort optical excitation can lead to a variety of behaviors depending on the specific spin and electronic structure of the material. In metallic films, electron-quasiparticles (phonons and magnons) interactions takes place on sub-picosecond timescale and demagnetization is established within 100 fs. In half-metal oxides, spin dynamics is much slower (100 ps) due to the inhibition of spin-flip processes. Furthermore, the dynamics of magnetic anisotropies can be exploited to control the magnetization in ferromagnets. Optically-induced reversible switching of the magnetization has been recently demonstrated in thin magnetic layers on the 100 picoseconds timescale.


During the 2012 run, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) reached instantaneous luminosities of nearly 1034 cm−2s−1 with bunch crossings occuring every 50 ns. In this difficult environment of several overlapping interactions per bunch crossing (pile-up), the trigger system of the ATLAS detector has the task of reducing the event rate from 20 MHz to a few hundred Hz while keeping the most interesting physics events. Being the heaviest of all leptons, the tau lepton plays an important role in many physics processes. The ability to trigger on events containing hadronically decaying taus is therefore of special interest. This paper summarizes the concept of the ATLAS tau trigger and the improvements made in 2012. Furthermore the performance of the triggers including efficiency and rate measurements are presented and an outlook towards future developments of the tau trigger algorithms is given.


The Minimum Linear Arrangement problem (MinLA) consists in finding an ordering of the nodes of a weighted graph, such that the sum of the weighted edge lengths is minimized. We report on the usefulness of a new model within a branch-and-cut-and-price algorithm for solving MinLA problems to optimality. The key idea is to introduce binary variables d_{ijk}, that are equal to 1 if nodes i and j have distance k in the permutation. We present formulations for complete and for sparse graphs and explain the realization of a branch-and-cut-and-price algorithm. Furthermore, its different settings are discussed and evaluated. To the study of the theoretical aspects concerning the MinLA, we contribute a characterization of a relaxation of the corresponding polyeder.


During times of solar activity, magnetospheric boundary layers like the plasma sheet boundary layer can become thinner than an ion gyroradius and contain strong electric fields. Experiments on processes relevant to such conditions have been conducted in the NRL Space Physics Simulation Chamber. Independently controllable density gradients and arbitrary amplitude transverse electric fields are created, each having scale length less than an ion gyroradius. Under these conditions, an instability in the lower hybrid frequency range has been observed. The observed mode characteristics are consistent with those expected for the Electron-Ion Hybrid Instability.


The presented article deals with the tribological properties of the surfaces of structural materials. Comparing the results of experimental measurements of three different surfaces (chrome steel 100CrMnMoSi8-4- 6, blackened steel surface, DLC coating) and three different balls (chrome steel 100Cr6, silicon carbide, tungsten carbide) made it possible to observe the influence of the materials of the friction pair on the tribological properties.


An improved algorithm was proposed specific to the defect of Apriori algorithm in association rules mining.This algorithm used some technologies to mine frequent itemsets,such as the perfect hash function,optimized affairs compression technology,grouped inquiring and counting and candidate itemsets directly producing,and so as to improve the efficiency of the algorithm.Finally,on the base of comparing two algorithms's function,we verified the superiority of the improved algorithm.


Centralization is the most important way of developing hi-tech industry, because of the external effects. Centralization is an open system consisting of unit, mode and environment, and it has life-cycle of its own. As a medium of international economic relations, FDI has an overall effect on centralization of hi-tech industry.


Joyce Wamoyi talks to Andréia Azevedo Soares about the need for long-term, comprehensive approaches to behaviour change initiatives in sub-Saharan Africa.


The main goal of the study was to analyse a three weeks interventional program with techniques of "Inner Silence" from the point of view of health support and quality of life in adults. Partial goal of the study was to verify the interventional program "Inner Silence" from the perspective of utility in wellness services. Partial tasks of the study included an analysis of Czech and international literature sources, then setting diagnostic and interventional methods, probands selection, procedure realisation, results analysis and interpretation, and finally setting up a conclusion for practice in wellness. The following diagnostic methods were used: measuring with EEG biofeedback Brain feedback III Deymed, the Czech version of life quality questionnaire of the World Health Organization WHOQOL and a structured interview. Results of the study show that applications of techniques of "Silence" have a beneficial calming effect and induces the alpha rhythm state of brain waves. We came to a conclusion that a suitable use of "Silence" should be implemented as a part of a wellness procedure in wellness massages. Keywords: electroencephalography, philosophy, quality of life, meditation, relaxation, sleep, wellness.


In our previous reports we discussed the morphological changes in the cellular and acellular components of the renal glomerulus occuring in an experimental congestive kidney model using rabbits. In the present investigation, the second of a series, the changes in the glomerular basement membrane and mesangium at 6-7 months after the congestive procedure were observed by using the following cytochemical methods: ruthenium red (RR) staining, periodic acid-silver methenamine (PAM) staining, performic acid-phosphotungstic acid (PFP) reaction, and dextran tracer.In both control and congestive groups, the basement membrane and the masangial matrix were intensely stained with RR and PAM, and slightly stained with PFP. RR-stained particles, which indicate anionic sites, were observed to have a quasiregular pattern in the basement membrane and the mesangial matrix in both the control and congestive groups. The distribution pattern of infused dextran in the mesangium of the congestive kidney was essentially similar to that of the control. In conclusion, the altered acellular components in the congestive kidney are cytochemically similar to those of the control acellular component proper.


We present in this paper a new Transimpedance Amplifier (TIA) for photoreceiver front-end circuit designed using 0.35 µm CMOS technology to be used in a functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system. The main advantages of this circuit are low-power consumption (0.01mW and 0.3mW at 1V and 3V bias voltages) and high transimpedance gain (0.1 to 250 MV/A) accompanying with the tunable high bandwidth (1kHz to 1 GHz), high-speed data rate and very low input and output noise, 1fA/√Hz and 2µV/√Hz respectively. The post-layout simulation results confirm the excellent performance of the proposed design compared to latest available photoreceivers.


Different range-free algorithms are proposed for location estimation in Wireless Sensor Networks. In these algorithms, the network is assumed to have no error and false data. This article attempts to evaluate and compare the effect of malicious data produced by node compromised attacks in some of the range-free algorithms: DV-hop, LSVM, and NN. The false data may be produced by the malicious anchor nodes or compromised sensor nodes. The resistance of these algorithms against node compromise attacks is compared. The results show that although DV-hop has less localization error compared to the two other algorithms in a normal condition, in the case of attacks LSVM has less localization error. Further, in this research work, a new criterion is proposed for studying and comparing the border problem issue in the localization algorithms. Using the simulation results from various algorithms, the outcomes have been used for comparison, where it can be considered that LSVM has better performance in the border problem compared with the other studied algorithms.