Volume 13, Number 1, March 2007Copyright i?½ 2007 Society for Music TheoryReceived February 2007[1] We acknowledge that there are inspired performers who "speak" to us musically, and performances that are worthy of our celebration and respect. Less often do we think critically about what it is their performances communicate to us or how and why they are influential. Yet these are the very questions we regularly put to works of similarly inspired composers. The strong creative presence in certain compelling interpretations suggests that performers have something to say about the music they play, and that they often shed light on moments that our more conventional analytic pursuits fail to consider. Indeed, as Joel Lester has argued, performers can help us reconsider the diverse musical elements that govern our analytic approaches in the first place.(1)[2] Scholars today readily recognize the important relationship between performance and analysis, and many theorists turn to performances to compliment analytical claims or illuminate interpretive possibilities.(2) Lester, however, was one of the first to endorse interpretations that challenge theoretical models and in so doing elevated the creative input of performances. By pitting performances by Vladimir Horowitz and Artur Rubinstein against analyses by Heinrich Schenker and Carl Schachter, Lester argues that "[p]erformers could enter analytical dialogue as performers-as artistic/intellectual equals, not as intellectual inferiors who needed to learn from theorists."(3)[3] How can we develop Lester's argument and understand the analytical claims put forth by performers? We often come upon performances that surprise us, interpretations that challenge our expectations and, if we are lucky, renditions that inspire us to hear and understand the music in a new light.(4) These performances help us reevaluate the value or usefulness of analytical claims and debates that already exist. But what of those moments that fit less readily into a model for investigation? Is it possible that our hesitation to investigate critically the singular interpretations of influential performances tells us that we do not even know what questions to ask? Perhaps, instead, we should listen to what the performances, especially those that challenge convention, have to offer. What new questions are we expected to pose that can account for the differences between musical renditions? And what might the answers to these queries reveal that we never before observed? The continuously varying interpretations from performance to performance reflect a perpetual rethinking of the music, a line of questioning that seeks not only to make the old into something new, relevant, and meaningful but also to reveal how the music operates. Performers are analysts and historians of a different kind and as we will see in the analyses that follow, neither the questions they submit nor their answers are as unrelated to our academic investigation as they might appear. Without immediately judging interpretations on the basis of what we expect, we should ponder the musical argument or analytic projection evident in the performance.(5)[4] In order to buttress and develop Lesteri?½s argument, to which few scholars have responded, let me offer a further example as a starting point for my subsequent claim that performances can both inform our analytic projects as well as guide the very direction these projects take. Consider the last movement of Chopini?½s Piano Sonata No. 2 in B-flat minor Op. 35(6) (external link for full score). This movement, for which there exists over a hundred recordings, has perplexed and challenged analysts since its creation. One of the questions often asked of this bizarrely short finale is how we can understand its form. A cursory examination of a few theories illustrates the assorted ways in which the movement has been parsed. …


This work studies the experiences of people who stutter (PWS) with videoconferencing (VC) and VC technologies. Our interview study with 13 adults who stutter uncovers extra challenges introduced by current VC platforms to people who stutter. While some of the challenges are a direct result of the characteristics of stuttering (e.g. people/systems mistaking pauses as end of turn), a bigger yet less visible challenge comes with the significant amount of emotional and cognitive effort required to manage one's speech and identity over VC, in which people's existing communication strategies - such as body language and eye contact - are under-supported and their biggest discomfort - such as seeing oneself stutter - are exacerbated by preset features like self view. Overall, our work sheds light on the structural barriers and the opportunities for PWS to engage and enjoy virtual communications via VC technologies.


Due to the extremely large size of power grids, IR drop analysis has become a computationally challenging problem both in terms of runtime and memory usage. Although IR drop analysis can be naturally formulated as the problem of solving a linear system, the system is too large to be solved by existing linear solvers. In this paper, we present two iterative algorithms based on node-by-node traversals and row-by-row traversals of the power grid, respectively. Our algorithms are extremely fast and guarantee convergence to the exact solutions. In fact, they can be considered as efficient implementations of the classical successive over relaxation iterative method for solving linear systems. Our methods take full advantage of the special structure of the power grid. Experimental results show that our algorithms out-perform the random-walk-based algorithm which is the best known method today. For a 16-million node problem, our row-based algorithm took 26.47 minutes while the random-walk-based algorithm took 19.6 hours. Our row-based algorithm produced an exact solution while the random walk produced a solution with maximum error of 5.7 mV.


Background and Objectives  In Europe, it is a regulatory requirement that parvovirus B19 (B19V) DNA nucleic acid amplification technique‐based testing is performed on plasma pools for certain classes of plasma‐derived medicinal products. This proficiency testing study set out to examine the ability of public quality control laboratories and plasma fractionation organizations to detect different genotypes of B19V using nucleic acid amplification technique‐based assays.


Traffic sign recognition is a computer vision technique to recognize the traffic signs put on the road. In this paper, a traffic sign dataset with approximately 5000 images is collected. This paper presents an ablation analysis of Multilayer Perceptron and Convolutional Neural Networks in traffic sign recognition. The ablation analysis studies the effects of different architectures of Multilayer Perceptron and Convolutional Neural Networks, batch normalization, and dropout. A total of 8 different models are reviewed and their performance is studied. The experimental results demonstrate that Convolutional Neural Networks outperform Multilayer Perceptron in general. Leveraging dropout layer and batch normalization is effective in improving the stability of the model and achieved 98.62% accuracy in traffic sign recognition.


Aluminum nanocomposite materials have been prepared by treating commercially available aluminum powders with long-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids. The acid coated aluminum qualitatively shows enhanced burning compared to the same aluminum powder that was not treated with the acid. This preparation method will allow for the large scale production of air-stable, passivated aluminum nanoparticles. Aluminum nanocomposite materials with size ranges less than 500 nm have been prepared with various surface passivation/functionalization schemes that mitigate aluminum oxide effects and reduce the fuel-oxidizer distance to the molecular level. These materials have been characterized to understand the changes in particle size and morphology that occur with different preparation schemes. TGA, XPS and IR results are presented.


The paper addresses the specific means of criminal communication which are gestures and body movements accepted in the criminal world. Explanation of the origin and application of gestures and specific body movements widely used by representatives of criminal subculture is presented in the present article as an information tool. Speaking about the importance of gestures and poses for the study of personality traits, it should be emphasized that every person has a certain amount of postures for the expression of various intellectual, emotional and physical states. The meaning of gestures is often not the meaning of the speech information which is what a person says. It often turns out that those involuntary gestures are more truthful than the words. The knowledge of nonverbal communication helps to take timely measures to suppress criminal plans and unallowed relations, to prevent sneaking prohibited items to places of detention, increase the efficiency of studying the personality of some representative of the criminal subculture and communication with him/her.


When recognizing the facial expressions of avatars or virtual agents, visual information is used. We developed a device that can move internal weights according to facial expressions of a virtual agent on a screen. The device allowed the user to perceive the facial expressions with visual and tactile information. We conducted a pilot test, and the results suggested that moving the internal weights in accordance with the facial expressions enhanced the credibility of the virtual agent. We also created a future scenario where the device will be used.


Background:Sickle cell anaemia is common amongst Tribal population of south Gujrat. Alloimmunisation in multitransfused sickle cell anaemia patient is 10 times commoner in these patients than beta Thalassemia  major  patients from regular blood donor communities.
Study design & methodology: Red cell antigen typing of Rh (D,C,E,c,e ), Kell (K, k), Duffy (Fya, Fyb) and Kidd (Jka, Jkb) were carried out in 222 regular voluntary blood donors who belonged to non-tribal population and in 113 samples of tribal population using conventional antisera.
 Results: Rh D antigen frequency was 96.6% in non-tribal and 96.5% in tribal population. 2.4% of K antigen was found in non-tribal population whereas the antigen was absent in tribal population  .Amongst Rh antigens, e was the most common (100%) followed by D, C (91.0%, 85.8%), c (50.5%, 44.2%) and E (16.5%, 17.0%) with DCe/DCe (R1R1, 48.0%, 55.8%) being the most common phenotype in both the groups. In Kell antigens  k antigen was 100% ,Kidd and Duffy antigens  Jk (a+b-) (39.2%, 46.9%) and Fy (a+b-) (64.2%, 52.2%) were the most common phenotypes in non-tribal and tribal population respectively.
 Conclusion: There is significant difference in Duffy , Kidd and Kell (k) antigen distribution between non tribal and tribal population . Total absence of Kell antigen in tribalsalong with. E antigen in a significant portion of blood donors and its absence in large number of tribals also increase the risk of alloimmunisation.


To analyze the relationship between symptom improvement and health‐related quality of life in female overactive bladder patients treated with solifenacin.


Background: Uterine rupture is one of the most dangerous obstetric emergency situation carrying an increased risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This catastrophic complication occurs most often in women attempting a vaginal birth after a prior LSCS. Aim was to determine the incidence, etiology, management, maternal and fetal outcome. Recommend strategy for its prevention to reduce the incidence of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of 1 year. Total 51 cases who were diagnosed with rupture were included in the study. Emergency laparotomy after pre-operative resuscitation done. Hysterectomy or repair of rupture site was done depending on the condition of the patient, parity, presence or absence of infection.Results: Maximum patients of uterine rupture belonged to 37-40 weeks of GA. Inter-delivery interval <18-24 week were more vulnerable. Patients with previous caesarean section was more than without section. Maximum cases presented with signs of shock. Maternal death rate was 11.63%, whereas perinatal death rate was 82.35%.Conclusions:Uterine rupture is a major contributor to maternal morbidity and neonatal mortality. Four major easily identifiable risk factors are: history of prior caesarean section, grand multiparity, obstructed labor, and fetal malpresentations. Identification of these high risk women, prompt diagnosis, immediate transfer, and optimal management needs to be overemphasized to avoid adverse feto-maternal complications.


Abstract : Material characterization data and design allowables were determined for two grades of the 9Ni-4Co steel group: 9Ni-4Co-0.30C quenched and tempered to 220-240 ksi tensile ultimate strength, and 9Ni-4Co-0.45C quenched to a bainitic structure with 260 to 280 ksi tensile ultimate strength. The effects of chemistry and processing variations on mechanical properties were evaluated by testing three heats of 9Ni-4Co-0.30C and four heats of 9Ni-4Co-0.45C. Both alloys were vacuum-arc-remelted with carbon deoxidation. Tension, compression, shear, and bearing allowables were developed per MIL-HDBK-5 guidelines in three grain directions at temperatures from -110F to 500F. The 9Ni-4Co-0.30C and 9Ni-4Co-0.45C were found suitable for aircraft structural forgings with minimum tensile ultimate strengths of 220 ksi and 260 ksi respectively. Material characterization data showed that both alloys have good stress corrosion resistance, competitive derived mechanical properties and fatigue properties, and satisfactory metallurgical stability. Grain direction did not significantly influence their mechanical properties. The 9Ni-4Co-0.30C showed superior plane-strain fracture toughness, whereas the 9Ni-4Co-0.45C compared favorably with other steels in the same strength range. Both showed excellent resistance when tested for delayed fracture in salt water. On the basis of the data obtained in this program, a proposed Military Material Specification was drafted for both alloys. (Author)


The effects of ethanol leaf extracts of Spilanthes uliginosa, Ocimum basilicum, Hyptis spicigera and Cymbopogon citratus on mice infe cted with malaria parasite was investigated . Eighty four (84) swiss mice of both sexes were used for the study. All the mice were passaged intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml parasitized blood suspension and parasitemia assessed by Geimsa stain thin blood films after seventy two hours. The mice were divided into 6 groups namely; A, B, C, D, E and F.


The budget policy pursued in the Russian Federation in recent years has generated a number of negative trends, including a reduction in the resource potential of the budget system. A model of the budget mechanism for regulating socio-economic processes is considered. All blocks of the budget mechanism operate using various methods, that is, techniques, methods and conditions that determine the volume and movement of budget resources. The methods of calculating budget revenues, the procedure for making payments, the principles and conditions of budget financing, various sanctions are constituent parts of the budget mechanism. Structural changes in economy may be associated with the possibilities of influencing through specific types of budget revenues and expenditures on the economic interests of economic entities. Such approaches help to transform the types of budget revenues and expenditures into incentives for economic development and increase its efficiency. In all states, at various stages of historical development, taxes performed primarily a fiscal function centralizing a certain part of the gross domestic product (GDP) in the state budget in order to finance public spending. Thearticle analyzes the main problems of improving the budget system of the Russian Federation, first of all, increasing the share of federal budget revenues (expenses) in GDP, as well as increasing the share of direct taxes in relation to indirect taxes during the period of economic growth. Economic growth must be considered in the context of solving the problem of huge receivables and payables between enterprises, which significantly exceed the annual consolidated budget of the Russian Federation and by the end of 2017, amounted to 40,258 and 44,481 billion rubles, respectively.


Tina Wai watershed area 48,132 ha, located in the South Buru and serves as a provider of water for the local community. Land Capability Evaluation and Tina Wai Watershed Land Use in South Buru, Maluku Province, has been performed in order to determine the land capability classification level, and determine the direction and pattern of land use in accordance with their respective land capability class. The research method is a survey method with a pattern of synthetic and analytical approach with a flexible range of observation following the change in shape of physiographic and land use. The results found that Tina has 6 Wai watershed land capability class, ie class III, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII with factor inhibiting dominated by undulating slopes to very steep, erosion rates to very heavy weight, medium texture soil, permeability rather fast to slow, moderate sensitivity to erosion, rock gravel of moderate-to-many, and the threat of flooding rather frequently. Land capability class has the most extensive is the fourth grade with an area of 24.636 ha, or 51.19%. Referrals for agricultural land use is 29,184.75 ha or 61.89; for plantations, livestock and forest production by 8396.75 ha or 17.38%; for the protected forest of 6,941.25 ha or 14.42%; and for the nature reserves of 3036.00 ha or 6.31%.


The mean distance from the limbus to the center of the tumor for anterior neurofi-broma and schwannoma was 4 mm. The relative size and topographic location of the lesions are shown in the inset of part A of the Figure. Comment. Episcleral neurofibromas and schwannomas likely arise from the long posterior ciliary nerves within the sclera. 3 The ciliary nerves pierce the sclera near the op-tic nerve and pass anteriorly within the sclera and supra-choroidal space while branching to form a loose connection between the long and short posterior ciliary nerves, leading to 20 to 30 branches at the level of the ciliary body. 11,12 The nerve loop of Axenfeld is an anastomotic in-terconnection of the long ciliary nerve that occasionally turns to enter the sclera before turning back again to continue anteriorly to the ciliary body. 13 The loops occur in the area 2 to 4 mm posterior to the limbus, and no loops occur in the zones directly anterior to the medial and lateral rectus tendons. 9 Anterior episcleral nerve sheath tumors have a topo-graphic distribution similar to the Axenfeld nerve loop, permitting speculation of their relationship. The distances from the center of the tumor to the limbus narrowly ranged from 3 to 4 mm. None of these tumors occurred directly anterior to the horizontal rectus muscle tendons (Table). The anterior tumors were evenly distributed among the remaining quadrants as described for Axenfeld nerve loops. Two of 4 episcleral schwannomas occurred in the posterior sclera. If the distribution were random in the ciliary nerves, then some tumors would be expected to be found in the horizontal plane and at more variable distances from the limbus. The apex of the loop can extend through the full thickness of the sclera and project above the scleral surface. 13 Pain and tenderness have been noted when the nerve loops are located anteriorly. The sharp bend in the nerve and the ensuing stress perhaps facilitate the abnormal proliferation of nerve sheath cells and the formation of these tumors. The differential diagnosis for all of the reported episcleral nerve sheath tumors includes solitary circum-scribed neuroma, but as in our case the published cases lack sufficient encapsulation to warrant this diagnosis. Author Contributions: Drs Chang and Glasgow had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. …


Dry film thickness on hull outside of two mammoth oil tankers which were built in two representative shipyards of Japan were measured in the numerous points . Intending to establish rational coating of hull outside which gives minimum variation of film thickness, these data were analyzed to make clear the relation of the dry film thickness and its variation with various factors in coating. The fifteen factors which influence upon film thickness were picked up , including"Ships", "Shi pyards", "Painting schemes", "Port and starboard", "Blocks", "Painting workers" , "Atmospheric te mperature in coating" and "Checkers of dryfilm thickness". Dry film thickness data of 13, 000 were collected and an electronic computer was used to analyze them. Factors in coating and film thickness data were coded . The analysis programs were punched to paper cards and HITAC 8,400 was used for the analysis. The results were as follows; ( 1 ) Average paint film thickness x which was controlled by the minimum for B ship in its contract was greater than that for A ship which was controlled by the meanin its contract. ( 2 ) Variation of film thickness data from small blocks was larger than that from big blocks. ( 3 ) With regard to chlorinated rubber paint film, the high temperature in coating make both x and a bigger than the low temperature in coating. While as to tar-epoxy paint, no tendency was observed. ( 4 ) The x value from two paint sprayers were nearly equal to contract film thickness and the 6 value from these workers were not so large. Where as -0-C from another paint sprayer was much higher than the contract film thickness, and a was also large . ( 5 ) As to the bottom and the topside part, both x and a from parallel body were smaller than those from the bow part and the stern part composed of many curved surfaces. As to the boot top part, there was no tendency of this kind. Niitaka Kitadori 2-105 Higashiyodogawa-ku, Osaka.


A software package has been developed to computerise the procedure typically adopted by engineers in the design of waste water treatment units. The software is user friendly and provides the user with the facility to interactively view alternative designs of unit processes. A revised design is instantly provided whenever design parameters are varied thus enabling several trial designs to be obtained. Such facility enables the user to have a 'feel' of changes in the physical dimensions of unit processes when design input information are modified. The package consists of a central data system which houses parameters commonly required for the design of various unit processes. Interrelated processes can be automatically redesigned whenever a modification of a particular design unit is effected. The main features of the software package are described in this paper and illustrations are provided.


AIM:To investigate the genotypes and allele frequencies of 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)of 13 gene predisposing to cardiovascular disease in Chinese Han population.METHODS:Using gene array technology,we detected and analyzed the 17 SNPs' genotypes in 138 Han persons whose native places almost covered the whole China.RESULTS:The 3 SNPs' genotypes and allele frequencies which have not been reported in China were as follows:ET-2985 AA∶AG∶GG was 2.2%(3)∶22.2%(30)∶75.6%(102);NPRC(-55)AA∶AC∶CC was 8.1%(11)∶23.0%(31)∶68.9%(93);CYP46rs754203 CC∶CT∶TT was 55.0%(66)∶20.0%(24)∶25.0%(30).ApoBMsp1 +∶-were 92%(232)∶8%(20)in our research,and 100%(90)∶0%(0)in Hapmap report.They had statistical differences(χ2,P is 7.587,0.000,respectively).MTHFR677 C∶T was 70%(168)∶30%(72),also different with the frequency of Han in Beijing(CHB)reported by Hapmap,48.9%(44)∶51.1%(46),and Han in HongKong(SA0008510)reported by ALFRED,77.8%(322)∶22.2%(92)(χ2,P is 12.70,0.000,respectively).Others of SNPs allele frequencies were similar to CHB's frequencies reported in www.hapmap.org(such as(ANP2238,ApoBXbaⅠ,NOS3298,ApoBEcorⅠ and ApoE112)and the frequenceies of SA0008510 reported in alfred.med.yale.edu(such as AGT235,ACEAlu,ApoCⅢ3175,ApoCⅢ3206,ApoE158 and SerpinA3rs4934).CONCLUSION:The distributions of these 17 SNPs' allele frequencies are different among different nationalities and regions.ANP2238 C,ApoBEcor I(-)and KCNQ1140 G are rare alleles in Han nationality(frequency5%),so they may not be the main cautions of cardiovascular disease in Han nationality.The results detected by gene array are trustworthy.


The exact and reliable determination of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) in wood samples of different origin allows to gain further insight into the biogeochemical carbon cycle, i.e. processes that determine how carbon – and carbon dioxide – migrate between the land, the sea and the atmosphere. Plants are an essential part of this cycle using carbon dioxide in photosynthesis and locking up carbon within proteins and carbohydrates. Analytical determination of NSC is complicated by the complexity of the carbohydrate mixtures. However, most of them are present at the trace level only, and do not substantially contribute to the global NSC. Most important are glucose, sucrose, fructose and starch. Traditionally, these carbohydrates are analyzed spectrophotometrically. The spectrophotometric method does not provide any information on concentrations of sugar alcohols and raffinose. They can make up to a quarter of total NSC in deciduous tree samples. Consequently, ignoring them will severely impair the accuracy of NSC data in these samples. We will therefore present a method that allows the reliable determination of the following sugar alcohols and carbohydrates: inositol, sorbitol, mannitol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, raffinose and starch. These were the major contributors to the pool of non-structural carbohydrates in the samples we examined. It is important to note, that the portion of sugar alcohols and raffinose in the samples ranged from <2–25% of total NSC, irrespective of the plant species, with strongest impact (≥15% of NSC) for the conifer species "Pine" and the deciduous species "Ash Tree" and "Wild Cherry". Application of our method substantially improved the accuracy of NSC data in these samples if compared to those of the spectrophotometrical analysis.


A single‐cell‐gap transflective liquid crystal display with a nonuniform electric potential is demonstrated. The top substrate has a top planar common electrode, a transparent dielectric layer with a general dielectric constant is coated on the bottom substrate, and two planar pixel electrodes with the same size are coated on the dielectric layer and the bottom substrate, respectively. With the different gaps between the two planar pixel electrodes and top planar pixel electrode, the nonuniform electric potential from the transmissive region (T region) to the reflective region (R region) is generated, while a bumpy reflector is coated under the bottom substrate. In this device, with the dielectric layer, the pixel and common electrodes generate a strong electric potential in the T region and a relatively weak electric potential in the R region. Consequently, the T and R regions accumulate the same optical phase retardation. The simulation results show that the display exhibits reasonably low operating voltage, high optical efficiency, and well‐matched voltage‐dependent transmittance and reflectance curves. Besides, the fabrication process and the driving mode of the transflective liquid crystal display are relatively simple, and it is suitable for mobile applications.


Showing a dog with a copy of the Christmas issue of the Auckland Weekly News in his mouth New Zealand


This contribution deals with a new configuration of traction converter with medium-frequency transformer for multi-system suburban units and locomotives. This paper introduces control of primary voltage source active rectifiers with direct control of trolley current, presents simulation and experimental results of designed low-voltage laboratory prototype of traction converter of rated power of 12kW.


To externally validate the prognostic impact of copeptin, either alone or integrated in risk stratification models, in pulmonary embolism (PE), we performed a post hoc analysis of 843 normotensive PE patients prospectively included in three European cohorts. Within the first 30 days, 21 patients (2.5%, 95% CI 1.5–3.8) had an adverse outcome and 12 (1.4%, 95% CI 0.7–2.5) died due to PE. Patients with copeptin ≥24 pmol·L−1 had a 6.3-fold increased risk for an adverse outcome (95% CI 2.6–15.5, p<0.001) and a 7.6-fold increased risk for PE-related death (95% CI 2.3–25.6, p=0.001). Risk classification according to the 2014 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guideline algorithm identified 248 intermediate-high-risk patients (29.4%) with 5.6% (95% CI 3.1–9.3) at risk of adverse outcomes. A stepwise biomarker-based risk assessment strategy (based on high-sensitivity troponin T, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and copeptin) identified 123 intermediate-high-risk patients (14.6%) with 8.9% (95% CI 4.5–15.4) at risk of adverse outcomes. The identification of patients at higher risk was even better when copeptin was measured on top of the 2014 ESC algorithm in intermediate-high-risk patients (adverse outcome OR 11.1, 95% CI 4.6–27.1, p<0.001; and PE-related death OR 13.5, 95% CI 4.2–43.6, p<0.001; highest risk group versus all other risk groups). This identified 85 patients (10.1%) with 12.9% (95% CI 6.6–22.0) at risk of adverse outcomes and 8.2% (95% CI 3.4–16.2) at risk of PE-related deaths. Copeptin improves risk stratification of normotensive PE patients, especially when identifying patients with an increased risk of an adverse outcome. Copeptin improves risk stratification of normotensive patients with pulmonary embolism http://ow.ly/8E3P30jtvym


Anthocyanins are a class of flavonoids, widely spread throughout the plant kingdom, exhibiting important antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions as well as chemotherapeutic effects; nonetheless, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which these activities are exerted. The present study is aimed at investigating molecular mechanisms involved in the chemotherapeutic effects induced by both cyanidin-3-O-β glucopyranoside (CY3G) and its aglycon form, cyanidin chloride (CY), in human colon cancer cells (CaCo2). The effect on cell growth, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and cell cycle/stress proteins modification, including ataxia teleangectasia mutated protein (ATM), p53, p21, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) and topoisomerase IIβ, as well as on DNA fragmentation, was determined. CY and CY3G treatment affect cell growth and cell proliferation, this latter in a moderately dose-dependent way. Interestingly, ROS level is decreased by any concentration of CY and, only at the lowest concentration, by CY3G. Moreover, the two molecules exert their activities increasing ATM, topoisomerase II, HSP70 and p53 expression. The analysis of DNA fragmentation by Comet assay evidences: (1) a dose-dependent increase in DNA damage only after treatment with CY3G; (2) a more evident trend in the DNA fragmentation when the treatment is performed on agarose embedded cells (cellular atypical Comet); (3) a highly dose-dependent DNA fragmentation induced by CY when the treatment is carried out on agarose embedded naked DNA (acellular atypical Comet). The present findings substantiate a possible chemotherapeutic role of anthocyanins and suggest that CY and CY3G act on CaCo2 by different mechanisms, respectively, ROS-dependent and ROS-independent.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To operate a maker for drinks such as espresso coffee or the like without a motorization system, a grinder and related electronic parts, and to minimize the operational effort to arbitrarily enable manual operation. SOLUTION: In a maker for drinks such as espresso coffee or the like in which ground coffee can be automatically introduced, and coffee grounds can be automatically discharged, the movement of the device 16 for introducing and feeding a fixed quantity of ground coffee each, the movement of a discharge unit 30 for used coffee grounds, the movement of a unit for forming an extract chamber 50, and the movement of a piston 60 for forming the bottom of the extract chamber 50 by a lever 63 are driven at the same period and time by a sector gear and a cam controlled by the gear. Further the maker has a spindle 3 for directly or indirectly moving all the other elements required for the operation.


The aim of this article is to provide an introduction to the work of OECD in the field of education through its recent projects and reports. It makes no pretence to be exhaustive. It relies heavily on published results of international reviews and comparisons where relatively clear messages have been identified, rather than single country analyses, or clarification pieces, or project plans. The article also offers an introduction to OECD, both generally and to the work on Early Childhood and Care; Schooling — Investments, Organisation, and Learners; Transitions beyond Initial Education; Higher Education; Lifelong Learning and Adults; Outcomes, Benefits and Returns to Education; Equity and Equality of Opportunity; and Innovation and Knowledge Management. A brief assessment of broader changes concludes the article.


This thesis presents two new geometric techniques for empirical analysis of financial data with empirical application on bankruptcy risk prediction. Within these frameworks, we propose the use of new ratio representations (index), the Risk Box measure (RB) and the Dynamic Risk Space (DRS). We also demonstrate the application of these geometric approaches for variable transformation and data visualization at different stages of corporate bankruptcy prediction models based on financial balance sheet. The different stages involved are the selection of variables (predictors), accuracy of each estimation model and the representation of each model for the transformed and common ratios. We provide evidence of the extent to which changes in values of this index are associated with changes in each axis values and how this may alter our economic interpretation of the patterns and direction of risk components. Results of Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA), Logistic Analysis (LA) and Genetic Programming (GP) and Logistic Robust statistics are obtained and compared as different classification models. Empirical results show that these classifiers with common ratio are outperformed by the transformed ratios. The Risk Box (RB)and Dynamic Risk Space (DRS) methodologies would be a general methodological guideline associated with financial data, including solving some methodological problems concerning financial ratios such as non-proportion,non-symmetric, non-scaled as illustrated in this thesis for bankruptcy prediction. In this research, the first geometric methodology for financial risk measurement is developed for financial concepts, focusing on theoretical bases rather than isolated facts of financial risk management. Subsequently, this study provides the first graphical financial risk ranking software, named as Dynamic Geometric Risk Space Software (DGRSS). This software provides visualization of risk factors and market ranking. It is ideal for public and private investors, banks, market analysts, companies and stock markets and compatible with any country/sector dataset based on DRS method. Lastly in this research, the Logistic Robust Regression is applied to bankruptcy data for the first time to handle outliers and to obtain more accurate predictions.


This work is part-funded by ERDF - European Regional Development Fund through
the COMPETE Programme (operational programme for competitiveness) and by
National Funds through the FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia (Portuguese
Foundation for Science and Technology) within project FCOMP-01-0124-
FEDER-028980 (PTDC/EEISII/1386/2012) and SFRH/BD/89697/2012.


Controlled hypotension is a well established technique to decrease blood loss and improve surgical visibility. Several different pharmacologic agents have been used for controlled hypotension including direct acting vasodilators such as sodium nitroprusside and calcium channel blockers (Testa and Tobias, l995) . This study was designed to assess the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) therapy on the efficacy and safety of I.V. infusion of nicardipine compared with the more commonly used agent; sodium nitroprusside. The effect of each drug on blood pressure and ECG pattern of normal"control" cats and cats pretreated with (ASA) was investigated. A target mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 55-65 mmHg was to be achieved. It was found that both nicardipine and nitroprusside achieved a stable controlled hypotensive state in control groups. Comparison between the two drugs revealed a significant increase in (MAP) with nitroprusside after drug discontinuation. Pretreatment with (ASA), attenuated significantly the effect of nicardipine infusion on (MAP) . However, pretreatment with ASA produced insignificant effect on the decrease in MAP caused by nitroprusside except at 4 min. during infusion where ASA pretreatment attenuated its effect. Moreover (ASA) pretreatment decreased nitroprusside dose needed to reach the target blood pressure and increased time of blood pressure to returin to base line. Both nicardipine and nitroprusside infusion caused increase in mean heart rate (HR) without ECG changes in control and pretreated groups.There was a Statistically significant increase in (HR) in the (ASA) pretreated groups of both drugs when compared to that in the control groups. When the increase in (HR) induced by nitroprusside infusion was compared to that induced by nicardipine infusion, there was

insignficiant difference in the control groups, difference was significant.
INTRODUCTION:
One of the commonly used technique to limit blood loss and the possibility of transmitting infectious diseases in orth -opedic surgical procedures is controlled hypotension. Controlled hypo -tension; referred to as delibrate or induced hypo -tension, is

while in (ASA) pretreatred groups the  difference was significant.


several cases, both hypothetical and taken from Australian case which illustrate how liability may be determined. In one A with little experience and training in echocardiography decides to perform an echocardiogram on a patient with acute onset dyspnea and hypotension. The are reported to be normal and later the patient dies of tamponade. a missed or wrong diagnosis itself is not necessarily a breach of duty, a 'sub-standard' procedure is. In this case, as soon as the doctor holds the transducer, is professing to be fluent in the technique. thinking that he is experienced in the field, may not doubt his skills and may rely on his findings in managing the patient . In their con-clusion, they that both the practitioner and hospital may be liable for breach of duty if a ultrasound if of the if is not difficult cases.


In this paper, we consider the problem of detecting the echo from a point target in the presence of reverberation. For its strong correlation to the transmitted signal and non-Rayleigh envelope arising from sparse distribution of scatterers, reverberation decreases the performance of the conventional matched filter (MF) receiver. We propose a nonlinear receiver using the bistable system with a discrete-time autoregressive model of order 1 [AR(1)]. The signals are pre-processed by bistable systems before the MF receiver. Numerical simulations are carried out to verify the performance of our proposed nonlinear receiver versus the conventional MF receiver. The reverberation is generated using the point-scatterer simulation method, and the results show that in reverberation-limited environment, our proposed nonlinear receiver may perform better and much more robust to the scatterer number than the conventional MF receiver.


Bsaed on the test of the actuall project,the au th or analyzes the influence of dynamic consolidation method on soil's density,co mpressibility, collapsibility and so on and discusses the project effect of dyn amic consolidation on collapsible loess foundation in order to provide scientifi c reference for loess area's coustruction.


This paper presents some particularities of emerging markets that appear and develop as a result of growth and development tendency of international financial market. Excluding the option of remaining with the status of a "tired" economy, emerging markets had to react in the only way they could be rational, joining the global market. According to the quarterly report prepared by Ernst & Young - Rapid - Growth Markets Forecast (RGMF) the global economic recovery will be achieved through investments in infrastructure programs, especially in Asia, as well as increasing demand from the domestic consumers, which will lead to the balance of the pretty sensitive external environment, and emerging market economies will grow, most likely, by 5.6% in 2013.


No single work is more often cited as the spark that ignited the Pre-Raphaelite movement than Carlo Lasinio's folio of engravings depicting the frescoes adorning the walls of the Camposanto in Pisa. In this paper, the author draws on substantial circumstantial evidence to argue that James Collinson, one of the lesser members of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, was th source for the transformative Lasinio engravings, and that he was drawn to them via Henry Newman's popular novel "Loss and Gain", which presaged Collinson's own conversion to Catholicism.


Recently, to publish or to perish has become a motto governing most of researchers work. In Portugal, what makes the whole process so prone to hardships and disappointments is the lack of resources, mainly financial. At least, that's what most of the interviewees – researchers working mostly at some of the major Portuguese public universities – mentioned. Such a lack of resources is crosssectional to all aspects under analysis: accessibility, costs, reviewing, time delay, language, impact and reputation. However, some additional specificities must be pointed out, namely those deriving from a lack of organization (e.g., absence of national databases) or from the need to, most of the time, publish in a non-native language due to impact and reputation issues, with all the reviewing and time delay question specifically deriving from it. Finally, participants' expectation and/or suggestions concerning an Open Access European Psychology Publication Platform will be outlined. Key words: psychology; scientific communication; open access; funding; language; time delay; reputation; databases; Portugal


The cryo-EM structure of squid hemocyanin, obtained using a multi-symmetry refinement protocol in SPHIRE, reveals an unexpected breaking of fivefold symmetry in the central ring and a striking arrangement of the subunits.


Canola is an important crop in southern Australia, where it is used as part of the crop rotation to manage cereal diseases, improve wheat yields, and assist in integrated weed management programs. The potential release of herbicide-tolerant transgenic cultivars into Australia has raised concerns that volunteer canola may itself become an uncontrollable weed. This study examined the persistence of the canola seedbank in farmer-managed fields in 3 geographical areas of the South Australian cropping region for up to 3.5 years after the last canola crop was grown. In total, 66 fields from minimum- and no-tillage farms were sampled for number of canola seed/m2 and the percentage of those that germinated. ANOVA analysis indicated that time since the last harvest and cultivation method were both significant factors affecting the number of seed/m2 present. Neither time since harvest nor cultivation method was significant for number of germinated canola seeds, although time since harvest approached significance at the 5% level. This demonstrates that the canola seedbank and the number of volunteers decline rapidly in managed cropping systems in southern Australia. Therefore, it is unlikely that herbicide-tolerant canola will become a major weed if volunteers are managed carefully.


. The big data of online comments has been widely used in fields, however, few research on sentiment of cultural heritage conducted. This study explores the sentiment of tourists about the Humble Administrator's Garden using big data of online comments in Ctrip and Qiongyou websites. Word frequency analysis was usedtoextractthelandscapeelementsandclusterandsentimentanalysiswerecon-ductedforlandscapeelementssets.Sentimentanalysiswascalculatedbymodel ofl(w) = n(w) a(w) s(w) m(w). The study shows eight sets of landscape elements interested by tourists exist, in which humanities elements and water related are most considered. The positive sentiment of these two sets is more than 88%, while visiting service is only 69% and stone is 70%. The study provides a supporting attempt of online comment data in the field of cultural heritage, which contributes to the improvement of management and conservation towards the cultural heritage landscape.


A 59-year old patient was diagnosed with severe psoriasis since 1989. He was treated with different therapies without any improvement. Therefore the decision was to start an anti-TNF theapy. Before initiating the treatment, latent tuberculosis was diagnosed with Mantoux test and quantiferon TB gold. The patient was treated by isonizaid (450mg/day) and rifampicin (600mg/day). Three weeks later, he was hospitalized for a generalized cutaneous rash associated with an erythema and oedema of the face and hands and cheilitis. The patient had no fever and no lymphadenopathy. Laboratory evaluations showed a moderate increase in liver transaminases (aspartate aminotransferase =85 U/l) and eosinophilia (1200/mm3). The diagnosis of Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptom (DRESS) syndrome was made (RegiSCAR score =3). Antituberculous treatment was discontinued and 15 days later, he was asymptomatic. Patch testing with rifampicin and isoniazid (each 30 and 20 %) was performed. Readings on day 2 showed a positive reaction only to isoniazid (Figs. 1 and 2).


U.S. EMPLOYMENT PEAKED in December 2007. The month marked the end of a weak and relatively short period of job growth. This period generated a 6% increase in payrolls and lasted for 52 months. The growth phases of the eight earlier bust-and-boom employment cycles since 1948 produced average payroll gains of 18% and lasted an average of 67 months. Prior to this one, the two most recent job upturns—from 1982 to 1990 and from 1991 to 2001—both posted payroll gains of close to 23% and lasted for 90 and 117 months, respectively. The down phase of the first eight job cycles lasted an average of 12 months. For the just completed ninth cycle, it took 30 months to hit bottom. These sobering statistics and the near-halt to growth in the gross national product in the fourth quarter of 2007 should have brought an end to denial and obfuscation about the economy. But they apparently haven't. ...


Most recent archaeological studies of prisoners of war have concentrated on resistance to confinement and identity creation within the camps. In contrast, the findings at Les Blanches Banques, Jersey, occupied by German military prisoners during the First World War, are here viewed through the lens of the varied placemaking strategies applied by both prisoners and camp staff. The prisoners created places of meaning within the regimented and confined conditions of their internment, but the guards were also limited by their duties in their assignment to this remote location, though all also saw the camp within its wider island landscape setting. This is the first study to consider placemaking at a prisoner of war camp at nested scales and from different perspectives.


Life in New Albany during the years it was in a transitional stage from frontier outpost to established town was not always a carefree, happy-go-lucky affair. It was marked with the usual privations and disappointments which accompany people when they leave behind the familiar to cope with the unfamiliar. Optimism and ambition drove many of the settlers to the newly founded river community, but it was soon clear that there could not be enough success to go around. The most depressing picture of the first years comes from Isaac Reed, a Presbyterian preacher, whose personal task it was to renew the spiritual life of the discouraged settlers. Of the year 1818 he wrote: "As a place, its morals were low; its general society was rude, and much of it profane. There were some pious persons, but their number was small .... Numbers came there with some relics of better condition, to retrive their fortunes. The place had a sickly character."5 After several months of service among the people of New Albany he concluded: "The times seemed changing for the worse. Many of the society [Presbyterian] were considerably embarrassed with debts. My heart was with the people. I had thought, this is my home, and here will I build my house. I delayed with them till December; but found it necessary at that time to remove."2 The first New Albanyians were too preoccupied with the job of supplying their basic physical needs to be concerned much with their spiritual ones. A preacher asking a salary of five hundred dollars a year was a luxury they could not yet afford.3 If at first the odds appeared to be against the New Albany settlers, just as in other new places, it was not long before their efforts and simple animal endurance had more


A 77‐year‐old woman presented to our hospital with complaints of persistent cough and low‐grade fever for two months. On radiological analysis, she had moderate right‐sided pleural effusion with right hilar and subcarinal lymphadenopathies. Thoracentesis showed chylothorax of unknown cause. Bronchoscopy revealed a non‐specific inflammatory process. However, thoracoscopic surgery demonstrated a curiously enlarged lymphatic duct with its proximal portion compressed by subcarinal lymphadenopathies, pathologically diagnosed as granulomatous lymphadenitis. Hence, tuberculous lymphadenitis was proven to be the cause of chylothorax. Interestingly, cauterization of the lymphatic duct decreased the total amount of right‐sided pleural effusion along with a change in colour from milky yellow to red. These were in favour of tuberculosis (TB)‐associated chylothorax with the advent of the TB pleuritis. All symptoms and pleural effusion disappeared after the initiation of anti‐tuberculous drugs. The present case showed definite evidence of TB‐associated chylothorax development mechanism via compression of the lymphatic duct by mediastinal lymphadenopathies.


Purpose – Austrian economics figures centrally in organizational entrepreneurship research. However, researchers have focussed almost entirely on the Austrian school's "gales of creative destruction" and "entrepreneurial discovery" metaphors, which are rooted in equilibrium assumptions and thus downplay the more subjective and dynamic aspects of entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to question such assumptions, proposing instead a "kaleidic" metaphor drawn from the radical subjectivist strand of Austrian economics. The paper develops, grounds, and enriches the theoretical concepts this metaphor embodies in order to advance the general understanding of entrepreneurship as a radically subjective, disequilibrium phenomenon, as well as the specific knowledge of entrepreneurs' career and venture experiences. In doing so, the paper highlights creative imagination as a wellspring of entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs a case study design to inductively develop the theoreti...


Muscle makes up the largest tissue volume of the body, yet its size makes muscle‐specific therapy difficult. This becomes particularly relevant when approaches to gene therapy for inherited myopathies are evaluated. Thus, a mechanism to target constructs or pharmaceuticals to muscle following intravenous injection would be advantageous. By screening a random phage display library we have identified a heptapeptide sequence, ASSLNIA, with enhanced in vivo skeletal and cardiac muscle binding. Phage carrying this peptide showed a 9‐ to 20‐fold (depending on control tissue) increase in muscle selectivity compared with phage with no insert. When the injected individual phage clone was localized by immunohistochemistry, it was found within focal areas of the membrane of myofibers. Thus, the peptide identified represents a ligand that is capable of accessing skeletal and cardiac muscle from the lumen of blood vessels and could therefore readily be exploited for targeted delivery to muscle cells. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 22: 460–466, 1999.


Effect of homogenizing annealing on microstructure of cold rolled 3003 aluminum alloy sheet were investigated by means of optical microscope,scanning electron microscope and energy differential spectrum.The stock of the sheet was continuous casting-rolled from electrolyzed melt aluminum.The investigating results show that there is a mumber of needle-form FaAl3 phases,few(Fe,Mn)SiAl partical phases,some(Fe,Mn)Al6 and MnAl6 pillaret phases.After homogenizing annealing,a large amount of Mn precipitated from oversaturated solid solution.And the Mn displaces a part of Fe in FeAl3 and a great part of(Fe,Mn)Al6 phases being formed and FeAl3 phases eliminated accordingly.Meanwhile a large number of(Fe,Mn) SiAl particle phases and MnAl6 pillaret phases were precipitated at the crystal boundary.


Radio Kwizera is a Jesuit non-commercial radio located in Ngara town in North-western Tanzania. The Radio was established in 1995 to facilitate communication to over 500,000 refugees from Rwanda who escaped to Tanzania after the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, and later in 1990s and early 2000s to another population of over 200,000 refugees from Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The purpose of this research was to establish repositioning and sustainability strategies for Radio Kwizera following the recent changes in its investors, which was caused by repatriation of the refugees from North-western Tanzania.

Qualitative research methodology, particularly visits to the company's headquarters and branches, review of the literature about the radio, and interviews with senior staff, middle and top management, was used in data collection and analysis of the organization's design and operation. The outcome of the research revealed constant decline in revenue from donors and inability of the radio to generate enough revenue from its operations. The in-depth interviews revealed that the current financial instability resulted from over dependence on donors, who were only interested in the issues of refugees; the inconsistency and narrowness of the mission statement; inability to attract donors interested in the overall activities of the radio; narrowness of the role of the board of directors in ensuring sustainability of the radio; and absence of expenses control mechanism.

It was recommended that Radio Kwizera should revise its mission statement, invest in aggressive marketing, engage the board of governors in fundraising, establish a development office, devise expenses control mechanism and establish proper expansion strategies.


28 While observed mesospheric polar nitric acid enhancements have been attributed to energetic 29 particle precipitation through ion cluster chemistry in the past, this phenomenon is not 30 reproduced in current whole-atmosphere chemistry-climate models. We investigate such nitric 31 acid enhancements resulting from energetic electron precipitation events using a recently 32 developed variant of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) that 33 includes a sophisticated ion chemistry tailored for the D-layer of the ionosphere (50-90 km), 34 namely WACCM-D. Using the specified-dynamics mode, i.e., nudging dynamics in the 35 troposphere and stratosphere to meteorological re-analyses, we perform a one-year long 36 simulation (July 2009-June 2010) and contrast WACCM-D with the standard WACCM. Both 37 WACCM and WACCM-D simulations are performed with and without forcing from medium-to38 high energy electron precipitation, allowing a better representation of the energetic electrons 39 penetrating into the mesosphere. We demonstrate the effects of the strong particle precipitation 40 events which occurred during April and May 2010 on nitric acid and on key ion cluster species, 41 as well as other relevant species of the nitrogen family. The one-year-long simulation allows the 42 event-related changes in neutral and ionic species to be placed in the context of their annual 43 cycle. We especially highlight the role played by medium-to-high energy electrons in triggering 44 ion cluster chemistry and ion-ion recombinations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere 45 during the precipitation event, leading to enhanced production of nitric acid and raising its 46 abundance by two orders of magnitude from 10 -4 to a few 10 -2 ppb. 47


THE Blue-winged Teal (Anas discors) was the subject of one of the first publications dealing with the breeding biology of a species of North American waterfowl (Bennett, 1938). Recent studies of the nesting chronology, clutch size, and incubation period of this species include the works of Hochbaum (1944), Sowls (1955), and Glover (1956). The present paper supplements information on these aspects of breeding biology. Field work was done during the summers of 1961, 1962, and 1963 at the Delta Waterfowl Research Station (15 miles north of Portage la Prairie, Manitoba) which is adjacent to the Delta marsh at the south edge of Lake Manitoba. The climate in the area is subhumid. The mean annual temperature is 45.3?F and the annual precipitation is 20.1 inches at Winnipeg (60 miles ESE of Delta). The spring warming trend is variable and influences the time of spring arrival and the start of nesting of waterfowl (Sowls, 1955) and, as will be shown, the temperature may also influence the nesting chronology once a species has begun to nest. The daily mean temperatures and the daily lows at Winnipeg for the springs of 1962 and 1963 are graphed in Figures 1 and 2. Daily records kept by Nan Mulder at Delta show that the temperatures there are similar to those at Winnipeg.


To the Editor: Tularemia is a zoonosis caused by Francisella tularensis. Recently, tularemia has emerged in new locations, populations, and settings (1). After an outbreak in Spain in 1997 (2), it was expected that the disease would spread toward Portugal, a country with an extended area that borders the affected areas.


Disclosed herein is a method utilizing LED fault LED string parameter detection connected in series, the two ends of the string parameter indicates the voltage at the predetermined relatively low current at a predetermined string of two relatively high current a voltage difference between a voltage terminal, wherein at a relatively low current level and a relatively high current through the LED current without failure by the minority carrier diffusion current is dominant, the method comprising: determining during the first start-up phase the parameter calibration value; storing the calibration value in a memory; determining a subsequent value of the parameter during the subsequent measuring phase; and in response to a difference between the threshold value exceeds the calibration value and subsequent values, determined to have occurred the LED failure. The present disclosure extends to the LED string configured to detect a fault LED controller, the controller including such an LED lighting unit, and comprising one or more such LED illumination subsystem lighting unit, such as an automobile illumination subsystem.


Abstract : Experimental and analytical studies were conducted to determine a stall flutter prediction system. The initial phase of work was reported in AFOSR-TR-76-0829 (AD-A027 869): a second study phase, with an extended range of parameters, is documented in this report AFOSR-TR-77-0854. A series of experimental measurements of airfoil pressure distributions were made in an eleven-airfoil oscillating cascade wind tunnel. The air foils were oscillated in pitch about mid-chord pivots with an amplitude of + or - 2 deg at a tunnel velocity of 200 feet-per-second, obtaining reduced frequencies in the range of 0.03 to 0.20. The incident air angle was set at 8 deg, the cascade angle was 35 deg from a fully-closed setting; tests were run at interblade phase angles of zero, + or - 5 deg + or -10 deg + or -20 deg + or -30 deg + or -45 deg and + or - 60 deg. Sample time histories of pressure and hot film response are discussed in relation to previous OSR/SQUID data, and converted to unsteady pressure, lift and pitching moment coefficients. These data are compared with calculated values obtained from a computational program originated by P V Perumal for unsteady incompressible cascade flow with steady separation. An algorithm was fitted to the experimental coefficients, and used to predict the aerodynamic damping for a case of torsional stall flutter observed in the stator of an existing fan. In this calculation, the algorithm was modified by a compressibility correction obtained as the ratio of a cascade calculation for the desired Mach number to a similar calculation for the Mach number of the algorithmic coefficients, both for unseparated flow.


Objective:To investigate the cause and treatment of CHF in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients.Methods:Ten PD patients who developed CHF in 2002 were analyzed. Fluid removal that included urine and ultrafiltration volume after the initiation of PD was collected. CHF was controlled by strictly fluid and salt restriction and the patients were closely followed for 3 months.Results:Urine volume and ultrafiltration volume of PD patients decreased with time on PD before the patients developed CHF. After limitting dietary salt and fluid intake for 3 month, patients' body weight decreased significantly from( 58.61 ± 14.62 ) kg to ( 55.78 ± 14.04 ) kg (P 0.01 ), and the symptoms of CHF improved. The use of hypertonic glucose dialysis solution was also decreased significantly after adopting salt and fluid restriction.Conclusion: Volume overload is an important cause of CHF in PD patients. Dietary fluid and salt restriction is the simple and effective way to prevent and manage CHF in PD patients.


Seen from the perspective of meta-discourse theory,the standards of stress variation and pronouns in spontaneous speech are diverse and contradictory.Stress is treated as a meta-discourse marker and its variation is to help regulate the listener's attention by labeling the prominence of the information.The article argues that in spoken discourse,meta-discourse markers can be classified into syntactic markers or phonological ones,and stress belongs to phonological meta-discourse markers.


Expired seed has a very low vigour and viability which can inhibit the sprout growth due to difficulty in imbibition. Bean sprout extract contains more auxin, cytokinin and gibberellic acid that are important to increase growth potential of expired seed. Therefore, it is a must to pay attention to the concentration and soaking duration of bean sprout extract when soaking the seeds. The research was conducted in March to April 2020 at Sei Rengas I Subdistrict, Medan Kota, North Sumatera, using randomized complete block design with two treatment factors. The result showed that the concentration of bean sprout extract significantly affected the parameters of the membrane leakage rate which the best treatment is soaking in aquadest. The soaking duration significantly affected the parameters of the membrane leakage rate and growth speed which the best soaking duration is 12 hours. The interaction of two treatments significantly affected the parameters of the membrane leakage rate which the best combination is soaking in aquadest for 12 hours.


An enterprise integration framework based on agents the is proposed in this paper. It includes four layers-interface layer, coordination layer, application layer and data layer - into which different agents are introduced. By analyzing the different structure of each type of the agents, user interface agent model is suggested by taking the example of the user agent. Meanwhile, according to the current situation of the in the Jiefeng garment limited company and the enterprise's characteristics, it realizes the sharing and interaction of the information in the system and the information integration at the process level. The system now gets a good application in Jiefeng garment company in Zhejiang province.


Heart failure is a rapidly growing problem affecting an estimated 38 million people worldwide in 2010 and causing over 9 million deaths worldwide in 2015. Heart transplant, the gold standard treatment for patients with heart failure, is burdened by the scarcity of available donor hearts. Ventricular assist devices provide an addition to heart transplant, but the high cost of ventricular assist devices results in poor costeffectiveness when used as a short-term bridging solution, thus a low-cost alternative is desirable. The intra-aortic balloon pump has been one of the most commonly used mechanical devices worldwide in acute heart failure due to its ease of implantation, low cost and high accessibility compared to other mechanical circulatory support devices. However, the poor haemodynamic assistance in cases of Severe Heart Failure (SHF) limits its use. Based on the same volume-displacement concept, IntraVentricular Balloon Pumps (IVBPs) were of research interest from the early 1970's to late 1990's. These early IVBP studies used pre-existing balloon shapes (e.g. spherical) and were limited to animal models. No specific reason was given for cessation of further IVBP research. Uptake of the intra-aortic balloon pump in medical centres worldwide and access to improved design methods and experimental equipment justify revisiting the IVBP concept. At commencement of this Ph.D project, the last published IVBP study dated from 1996. Notwithstanding, within the last two years (2018-2019), two other research groups presented further development of the IVBP showing the regained interest and the importance in developing the IVBP. The present study aimed to develop an IVBP for short-term circulatory support. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of balloon actuation timing on the degree of cardiac support provided to a simulated in vitro SHF patient and to analyse the effect of the balloon actuation on the intraventricular flow dynamics of the simulated SHF patient. It was hypothesised that if an IVBP can avoid interactions with the subvalvular apparatus, has an optimised actuation timing, and results in physiological intraventricular flow dynamics it could be a potential treatment or recovery option for patients with SHF. A silicone IVBP was designed to avoid contact with internal Left Ventricular (LV) features (papillary muscles, chordae, aortic, and mitral valve) based on LV computed tomography data of ten SHF patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. The haemodynamic effects of varying balloon inflation and deflation timing parameters (inflation duty [D] and end-inflation point [σ]) were evaluated in a purpose-built systemic mock circulatory loop. Three IVBP actuation timing categories were defined: co-, transitional-, and counter-pulsation with respect to ventricular systole. To evaluate the effect of the IVBP on intraventricular flow dynamics, the Mock Circulatory Loop (MCL) was adapted to reproduce physiological flow dynamic features and to enable particle image velocimetry acquisition. Velocity maps, fluid pulsatility and circulation throughout a plane of the LV were analysed with and without the IVBP to identify risks of thrombosis. Compared to the SHF baseline, co-pulsation increased aortic flow from 3.5 to 5.2 L/min, mean arterial pressure from 72.1 to 94.8 mmHg and ejection fraction from 14.4% to 21.5%, while mean left atrial pressure decreased from 14.6 to 10 mmHg. Transitional and counter-pulsation resulted in a double ventricular pulse and extended the duration of increased ventricular pressure, potentially impeding diastolic filling and coronary perfusion. Ideal synchronisation of balloon actuation with LV systole (i.e. co-pulsation) provided constructive energy to increase fluid momentum during both LV ejection and LV filling without generating appreciably high intraventricular velocity when compared to the SHF baseline. Positive haemodynamic support, presence of medium to high pulsatility and circulation throughout the in vitro LV, indicated that IVBP co-pulsation could be a beneficial actuation mode for supporting a SHF patient. Counter-pulsation of the balloon counteracted the native fluid momentum during LV filling but generated an additional intraventricular filling flow at balloon deflation, thus providing some degree of support. The counteraction to the natural LV flow; the generation of a second beat during LV diastole; and the large increase in LV end-diastolic volume, indicated in vitro that IVBP counter-pulsation was not recommended as a beneficial actuation mode for supporting a SHF patient. This in vitro study presented three novel key findings about the IVBP concept. 1- The IVBP could be designed based on anatomical fitting to avoid interaction between the balloon and the sub-valvular apparatus, potentially preventing development or worsening of mitral regurgitation. 2- There are ideal IVBP actuation timings (σ = 25% and D < 30%) that increased the haemodynamic support restoring the haemodynamic balance of a simulated SHF patient to healthy levels. 3- When intraventricular flow dynamics were tested in a plane of a simulated SHF patient, the ideal IVBP actuation timing did not result in reduced intraventricular pulsatility, blood washout or increased risk of blood thrombosis when compared to baseline. These interesting in vitro findings demonstrate the feasibility of the device and encourage the development of the IVBP to identify its potential for use as short-term ventricular support. Future work must focus on developing better control and sensing systems with respect to the electrical activity of the ventricle, evaluating the effect of the IVBP on pathological mechanisms, and developing biocompatible balloons with appropriate mechanical properties.


Introduction: Ganglioneuroblastomas (GN) are benign, neurogenic tumors arising mainly from central or peripheral components of the autonomic nervous system. The tumor has a reported incidence of only 1–5% in the literature. (1) They are rare compared with other benign neurogenic tumors, such as schwannomas and neurofibromas. (2) The common locations for neuroblastoma are adrenal gland, paraspinal retroperitoneum (sympathetic ganglia), posterior mediastinum, head, and neck. Locations such as the urinary bladder, bowel wall, abdominal wall, and gallbladder are considered unusual.


This review is intended to update the most recent developments of asymmetric aziridination in numerous reaction types, such as nitrene transfer to alkenes, carbene transfer to imines, cyclisation reactions, aza-Darzens reactions, ylide-mediated aziridinations and miscellaneous reactions, covering the literature from 2003 to 2009. In addition to the development of a great number of aziridinations based on the use of chiral auxiliaries, the spectacular expansion of novel chiral catalysts, including the especially attractive chiral organocatalysts, is well illustrated.This review clearly demonstrates the diversity and power of asymmetric aziridination in the field of synthetic organic chemistry.  Figure options Download full-size image Download as PowerPoint slide


Dielectrics represent a new frontier for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering. They can serve either as a complement or an alternative to conventional, metal-based SERS, offering key advantages in terms of low invasiveness, reproducibility, versatility and recyclability. In comparison to metals, dielectric systems and, in particular, semiconductors, are characterized by a much greater variety of parameters and properties that can be tailored to achieve enhanced Raman scattering or related effects. Light trapping and sub-wavelength focusing capabilities, morphology-dependent resonances, control of band gap and stoichiometry, size-dependent plasmons and excitons, charge transfer between semiconductors and molecules and vice-versa are a few examples of the manifold opportunities associated to use of semiconductors as SERS-active materials.
In this talk a few examples [1] of all-dielectric core/shell colloids for plasmon-free SERS,[2] including applications in biochemistry [3-5] and environmental science,[6] will be presented and discussed, with a special focus on the latest results regarding SERS/mass spectrometry multimodal sensing.[7]

References:
1) I. Alessandri, J. R. Lombardi, Chem. Rev. (2016) 116, 14921−14981.
2) I. Alessandri, J. Am. Chem. Soc. (2013) 135, 5541-5544.
3) I. Alessandri et. al., Small (2014) 10, 1294-1298.
4) I. Alessandri et al., ACS-Appl. Mater. Interf. (2016) 8, 14944-14951.
5) N. Bontempi et al. Nanoscale 2017, doi: 10.1039/C7NR0249F
6) N. Bontempi et al., Nanoscale (2016), 8, 326-3231.
7) I. Alessandri et al., Sci. Rep. (2016) 6, 34521.


Security module 20 comprises a charging station 2 of electric vehicles, at least one processor, a sensor input and a switching output. In order to ensure independent of a charging process the security of a charging station, the processor 226 monitors independent of a charging process at least one sensor measured value at the at least one sensor input 22 and when it exceeds a triggering criterion by the sensor measured value at the sensor input 22 of the processor 26 outputs a stop signal at the switching output out.


The purpose of this work was the study and the introduction to basic topics of Ergodic Theory. The expected result of this work is the understanding of fundamental ergodic concepts. In particular, we will deal with dynamical systems, measure spaces, measure-preserving transformations and ergodic transformations.


Current climate change is reducing precipitation in the southern Baltic Sea region, threatening agricultural production on the island of Gotland. The economy of Gotland is highly dependent on agriculture, as it employs 10% of the workforce. The sector produces vegetables that are popular on the mainland of Sweden. This thesis presents an investigation of the cost of predicted climate change in the Swedish region that includes Gotland, taking into account potential adaptation strategies in cropping patterns and irrigation. For this purpose, a farm profit maximisation model, where the net revenue was maximised given the limitations in water due to climate change, was developed. When the model was solved (in Ms Excel), the results showed that the net revenue risked decreasing even more if no adaptation measures were taken. The cost of maintaining the same level of production after climate change increased, suggesting that financial support is necessary to enable farmers to keeping producing as before. Arable crop production was most affected by climate change and would need particular support. These results can be useful for decision makers on Gotland regarding water use and production within the sector under climate change, but should not be used as a single tool due to uncertainty and sensitivity of the results. The results can also be applied to similar areas vulnerable to climate change-related water problems.


OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this project was to evaluate the feasibility of using heated iron oxide particles (HIOPs) in conjunction with various types of membranes to enhance natural organic matter (NOM) removal and reduce fouling of those membranes. Secondary objectives were to compare the behavior of HIOPs with that of powdered activated carbon (PAC) as additives to UF systems, and to explore the mechanisms controlling the beneficial and adverse effects of different particles in such systems.


Isaac Nelson's response to the civil war represented the fruit of twenty years' reflection on the issues of slavery and emancipation. Perhaps surprisingly, he did not support the Federal government's efforts to restore the Union, even after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued. Nelson's analysis of the struggle helpfully illuminates the complexity of radical abolitionist responses to the civil war, while it also serves to correct hasty generalizations concerning British and Irish evangelical support for the Federal government. Thus, by means of a biographical case study of Ulster Presbyterianism's most zealous abolitionist, a wide number of thematic issues can be freshly examined.


It is usually assumed that seams of conical intersection are isolated features, that is, a displacement perpendicular to the seam leads to a removal of the degeneracy. However, this need not be the case. It has been shown that for triatomic molecules, there may exist a confluence of an accidental symmetry-allowed C2v seam of conical intersection with an accidental Cs seam of conical intersection of two states of the same symmetry. Here, we demonstrate the existence of a related confluence of seams of conical intersection in the tetra-atomic molecule isocyanic acid. Such confluences have not been previously reported. A perturbative analysis of the vicinity a seam of conical intersection is used to explain origin of this novel locus of conical intersection points.


Following failure of conventional therilPY for reflux oesophagitis, 15 children were treated with omcprazole 20 mg daily for a pcriod of up to three months initially. Treatment resulted in a rnarke<1 symplomatic improvement as measured by incidcnce of pain, VOJIllting, dysphagia and haematemesis. Four children failed treatment and required fundophcation. No complieations from the usc of omeprazole wcre recorded and Wille children have continued lon~Herm treatment.


This study demonstrates that the use of cognitive behavior modification components, including self-instruction and self-monitoring, led to increased academic performances. Further, the second experiment demonstrates that the academic skill improvement also led to a reduction in inappropriate classroom behaviors. The subjects were two institutionalized adolescent males with identified severe behavioral disorders. The first subject displayed academic deficits in the area of mathematics. He also demonstrated several inappropriate classroom behaviors during the performance of math tasks which included clenched fists, closed eyes, crying, refusals to work, and guttural noises. The second subject's most severe academic and behavioral problems occurred during reading. His inappropriate classroom behaviors included excessive yawning, sleeping, off-task verbalizations, rocking in his seat, and staring into space. The treatment package in each experiment was comprised of self-instructional training which focused on the academic problems. Both subjects demonstrated improved academic performances. Informal observations of Subject 1 suggested that a reduction in inappropriate behaviors coincided with the improved academic performance. Behavioral data were collected on Subject 2 and the results demonstrated that the inappropriate behaviors were reduced as academic performance increased.


In this paper we present the Sampling Privacy mechanism for privately releasing personal data. Sampling Privacy is a sampling based privacy mechanism that satisfies differential privacy.


This investigation demonstrates that board determination of CEO pay goes beyond financial performance to consider what is considered legitimate remuneration in the context of an informationally efficient CEO pay packet. These decisions are tested in a multi-layered institutionalised environment maintained by the core agency concept of shareholder primacy.


We read with interest the special issue of ''La Presse Medicale'' about haemorrhoids, specially the article by Staumont et al. on the outpatient treatment of haemorrhoidal disease [1]. The issue lacked some information on initiatives to prevent the occurrence or recurrence of this health problem. Hemorrhoidal disease is one of the most frequent medical problems in the world [2,3], for which there are several treatments available. Surgical methods were significantly progressed, but some occasionally reported complications (i.e. anal stricture, etc.), made patients wish to avoid surgical treatment. Moreover, the best treatment is prevention. A diet high in fibre and bulk can prevent constipation, which itself was one of controversial etiologies for hemorrhoids [4]. Patients with hemorrhoids in early stages must prevent worsening of the condition, which will be progressive if untreated [5]. They were advised to use bulk laxatives in order to prevent constipation [4], but some evidences criticized the association of hemorrhoid with constipation [6,7]. Even, some articles demonstrated the significant association between the subjective complaint of diarrhea and the presence of hemorrhoids [7]. This article is aimed to propose a maneuver with dominant hand on the intergluteal cleft, or as more commonly known in the US, the butt crack. The maneuver is just like milking downward on the intergluteal cleft, from coccyx to the location of the anus. The best time for initiating this maneuver is the sense of defecation. This stimulates and helps the levator ani muscle in guiding the faecum in the rectum, delivering it more rapidly out of the anus, and therefore prevents prolonged straining of internal anal sphincter as one of proposed etiologies of hemorrhoids. This may provide benefit for patients with hemorrhoid grade I or II, which were the most frequently occurring types, and are not considered to undergo surgical treatment. A Valsalva maneuver is necessary for defecation,


Transit signal priority (TSP) is an effective way of reducing transit delay and enhancing travel time reliability for transit vehicles. However, such strategies can interrupt coordination for cars on signalized arterials. The objective of this study is to assess the performance of CAPACITEL for optimizing offsets, cycle lengths, and green splits when TSP strategies are applied. Results show improvements between 5 and 23 % in less person delay compared to TRANSYT15.


Of late, insurance fraud detection has assumed immense significance owing to the huge financial & reputational losses fraud entails and the phenomenal success of the fraud detection techniques. Insurance is majorly divided into two categories: (i) Life and (ii) Non-life. Non-life insurance in turn includes health insurance and auto insurance among other things. In either of the categories, the fraud detection techniques should be designed in such a way that they capture as many fraudulent transactions as possible. Owing to the rarity of the fraudulent transactions, in this paper, we propose a chaotic variational autoencoder (C-VAE to perform one class classification (OCC) on the genuine transactions. Here, we employed the logistic chaotic map to generate random noise in the latent space. The effectiveness of C-VAE is demonstrated on the health insurance fraud and auto insurance datasets. We considered vanilla Variational Auto Encoder (VAE) as the baseline. It is observed that C-VAE outperformed VAE in both datasets. C-VAE achieved classification rate of 77.9% and 87.25% in health and automobile insurance datasets respectively. Further, t-test conducted at 1% level of significance and 18 degrees of freedom infers that C-VAE is statistically significant than the VAE.


The dissipative dynamics of a classical parametric oscillator is studied analytically. For a generic functional form of the parametric driving, a simplified description of the system is obtained by performing a sequence of transformations set up from the deterministic Floquet solutions. In the high-frequency regime, the application of an averaging method leads to the description of the secular dynamics as an effective bidimensional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. The expressions obtained for the probability density and the correlation functions allow us to unravel the mechanisms responsible for the nontrivial dependence of the variances on the driving amplitude.


HPLC method is used to assayed the content of Phillyrin, Forsythiaside and Rutin in Folium Forsythia gathered in different periods.The quality of Folium Forsythia is evaluated by all index integrated. The result shows: Content of Phillyrin arrived its maximum yield in May; Content of the Forsythiaside and Rutin arrived its maximum yield in June, the suitable gathering periods for Folium Forsythia is about May and June.


Tetraethylene glycol (HO-(C
 2
H
 4
O)
 4
-H) can be monofunctionalized by replacing one of the terminal hydroxy groups with the thiol SH group. The resulting molecule can be self-assembled on gold (111) surfaces. More importantly, this molecule allows the simple one-step preparation of protected, water-soluble gold colloids within a single aqueous phase. Attempts are made to use such protected water-soluble colloids as nucleating 'seeds' around which calcium carbonate can be crystallized.


In the search for third generation herbicidal cyclic imide derivatives, the average values of herbicidal activity () in vivo (pre-emergence) of 40 new peroxidizing herbicides, 1-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-propargyloxyphenyl)thiourea derivatives (1-40) against rice plant (Orysa sativa) and barnyard grass (Echinochlor crus-galli) were studied. The molecular similarity between protoporphyrinogen IX (protogen) as the substrate of protox enzyme and Urea derivatives (1-40) was discussed quantitatively. The diallyl (20) and 3-nitro substituent (33) showed the selective herbicidal activity against barnyard grass. Allyl substituent (8) and their molecular similarity in dice (S=0.81) showed the highest levels of herbicidal activity (=4.71). Also, similarity indices (S) and superimposed volume (C) of protogen and aryl-substituents (21-40) showed good correlation.


A large proportion of children assessed in hospital with abdominal pain will leave with no definitive diagnosis. The challenge is to treat the majority of children with self-limiting but benign conditions and to swiftly identify and treat the child with an uncommon but potentially life-threatening cause of pain.


Complementary methods were used to study one of the MHPOBC analogues: 4-(1-methylheptyloxycarbonyl)phenyl-4′nonylbiphenyl-4-carboxylate (MHPNBC). The substance shows rich phase polymorphism. In addition to the para-, ferro- and antiferroelectric phases it exhibits three sub-phases (two ferri- and alpha sub-phase) and a highly ordered room temperature phase. Typical Goldstone mode in the whole temperature range of the SmC* phase and the soft mode in the vicinity of the SmC*–SmA* transition were observed in the dielectric spectra. In the phase two relaxation processes were found: the non-cancellation mode (NCM) and the reorientation around the short molecular axis (S-process). There is only one dielectric relaxation process observed in a highly ordered phase. It is most probably the NCM, whereas the S-process seems to be frozen out.


Birdsong is a culturally transmitted mating signal. Due to historical and geographical biases, song (learning) has been predominantly studied in the temperate zones, where female song is rare. Consequently, mechanisms and function of song learning have been almost exclusively studied in male birds and under the premise that inter- and intrasexual selection favoured larger repertoires and complex songs in males. However, female song is not rare outside the temperate zones and song in both sexes probably is the ancestral state in songbirds. Some song dimorphisms seen today might therefore be manifestations of secondary losses of female song. What selection pressures have favoured such losses and other sexual dimorphisms in song? Combined mapping of phylogenetic and ecological correlates of sex differences in song structure and function might provide important clues to the evolution of male and female song. This requires parameterization of the degree of sexual dimorphism. Simple comparison of male-female song might not provide enough resolution, because the same magnitude of difference (e.g. repertoire overlap) could result from different processes: the sexes could differ in how well they learn ('copying fidelity') or from whom they learn ('model selection'). Different learning mechanisms might provide important pointers towards different selection pressures. Investigating sex-specific learning could therefore help to identify the social and ecological selection pressures contributing to sex differences in adult song. The study of female song learning in particular could be crucial to our understanding of i) song function in males and females and ii) the evolution of sex-specific song.


For discrete semiconductor switches with smaller ratings stacked for high-voltage high-current applications, there is the need to ensure reliable gate synchronization of all the switches in the stack. The switching delay between the separate stages can be minimized through fast transfer of the control signals needed for synchronizing the switch or by reducing the effects of stray inductances. This paper describes the design of a HV switch which uses the inductive energy stored in the primary transformer for switch synchronization. In this design, single low-voltage power source provides control signal and sufficient current to drive the stacked insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) at a sufficiently high gate — emitter voltage. The fast current transfer due to this inductive energy greatly improves switch turn-on delay time, allowing for reliable switch synchronization at fast speed. The designed HV switch was used as the modular unit of an SSPPM to apply rated pulse output voltage and current of 15 kV and 1.5 kA respectively to a load. The operation of the designed HV switch was verified through experimentation.


(1) Electronic cigarettes currently are not regulated by the FDA. (2) Ingredients and design of electronic cigarettes and vaporizers vary. (3) States are taking action to regulate electronic cigarettes in various ways.


Rooted and Winged, Keeping Traditions W ithout Being Traditional: Zimbabwean Women's Ancestral, H istorical and Contemporary Agency in Afrocentric Developm ent Ruramisai Charumbira September, 1999 This thesis weaves literal, interpretive and metaphoric threads to give a glimpse into African women's ancestral, historical and contemporary agency as lived and experienced in Zimbabwe. Utilizing Afrocentric and feminist literature and African orature, it historicizes and contextualizes the legacy of the ancestor and sprit-medium Mbuya Nehanda who was lynched by the British for co-leading resistance against colonization. African women's agency and participation is traced in pre-colonial and colonial societies, particularly during the second Chimurenga liberation struggle. Three case studies investigate post-independence women's agency; (1) the new government's Ministty of Cooperatives, Community Development and Women's Affairs; (2) the Zimbabwe Women's Resource Center and Network; (3) the development and feminist yardsticks used to measure rural African women. The study concludes by theorizing the legacy of the ancestor, exploring possibilities of developing bodies of scholarly African indigenous feminist knowledge from legendary ancestors like Mbuya Nehanda and African women's everyday experiences.


ABSTRACT The current study examines a secondary data analysis of 3,452 administrative cases from a national abortion fund representing patients who received pledges for financial assistance to pay for an abortion from 2010 to 2015 in the United States, where abortion costs are not covered under federal public health programs. Case data were analyzed to assess patients' geographic origin, and whether or not cases were more likely to originate from states with Medicaid and private insurance restrictions. The anticipated travel distance to the provider and whether or not travel distances had been increasing over time were also examined. Results indicate that the majority of pledges are made to residents of the South, Midwest, states without expanded Medicaid access to abortion, and states that have private insurance restrictions on abortion coverage. Results further indicate that those who receive funding pledges anticipated traveling approximately 225 kilometers (140 miles) on average to access the abortion. This distance increased from 2010 to 2015, with patients seeking second trimester procedures expecting to travel nearly 3 times farther than patients in their first term. Abortion fund patients travel great distances to access an abortion and those distances are increasing over time. It is recommended that policy restricting public funding of abortion be repealed to improve access to abortion not only in the United States, but also in other countries where policy restrictions may impede access to abortion, even when it is legal.


The article is devoted to the interpretation of philosophical code of masterpiece of Ukrainian literature-Ivan Franko's "lyrical drama" "Zivjale lystja" ('Eithered Leaves')-in categories of existential philosophy and psycho-analysis. Existential drama of the lyrical hero-"aesthete" (lover-suicide) is examined through a prism of dialectics of eros and thamatos, biophilia and necrophilia. Also are analysed Werther's, Faust's and Mephisto's, buddhistic, suicidal cubcodes of "lyrical drama". "Zivjale lystja" is interpreted as original artistic psycho-drama, psychological autotherapy by aestetisation of love story of writer and projection of his personal complexes in the literary text.


1. Radioactive phosphorus, as Na2HP32O4, was administered to normal and pregnant female mice and to females bearing mammary gland carcinomas, and the animals were sacrificed at 1, 4, 17, or 48 hours after injection. The mice were of the cancer-susceptible C3H and DBA strains. The amounts of phosphorus and radioactivity were determined in the acid-soluble, phospholipid, phosphoprotein, DNA, and PNA fractions.

2. The concentration of phosphorus in the DNA fraction of the carcinomas was increased threefold over that found in the resting glands, and twofold over that found in the stimulated glands. On the basis of the findings of other workers, it was concluded that this increased DNA phosphorus concentration denotes increased cellularity rather than increased nuclear concentration.

3. The concentration of phosphorus in the acid-soluble and PNA fractions of the mammary gland carcinomas more closely resembled that found in the pregnancy-stimulated glands, while that in the phospholipid and phosphoprotein fractions resembled that found in the resting glands.

4. The uptake of radioactivity in all fractions of the carcinomas, except the acid-soluble, was higher than in resting glands. In all fractions it was lower than in the physiologically stimulated glands.


New China-US relationship of great powers" is a new concept and new attempt to get along with each other. The proposal of this concept can not only achieve peaceful coexistence between big powers from a practical perspective, but also fill and make up for existing theories of international relations. This article makes an in-depth analysis of the cognitive dilemma of building a new relationship between China and the United States, and conducts an in-depth study on the practical dilemma of building a new relationship between China and the United States. Finally, it analyzes the prospects of the new relationship.


Salt blocks placed afield by Swedish hunters for wild ungulates also are used by mountain hares (Lepus timidus). However, little is known about the seasonal patterns of salt use by hares, a fundamental consideration regarding the potential benefit of this mineral appetite. Thus, we monitored the use of salt- block (NaCl) stations by mountain hares at the Grimso Wildlife Research Station, Riddarhyttan, Sweden from April 1988 to june 1989. Use of the stations peaked between April and july, declined to a low in january, and then rose again to the April-july peak. We suggest that this use reflects an appetite for sodium (Na) that may result from the ingestion of plant secondary compounds, a seasonal excess of dietary potassium, and/or the nutrient demands of growth and reproduction


The authors have grown n/p/p/sup +/ and p/n/n/sup +/ GaInP/sub 2/ top cells, lattice matched to GaAs for multijunction tandem solar cells. They have studied the effect of different types of back surface field (BSF) layers on the cell parameters of each cell. These layers are namely, abrupt strained GaInP/sub 2/, graded strained GaInP/sub 2/, disordered GaInP/sub 2/ and AlGaAs layers. The measurements were done under 1-sun AMO spectrum. The results show that the abrupt strained GaInP/sub 2/, BSF outperforms the disordered GaInP/sub 2/ BSF. Likely related to material quality, the AlGaAs layer clearly produce the least efficient BSF. It has been found that the abrupt strained Ga/sub x/In/sub 1-x/P BSF with x=0.56 gives better results than the case with x=0.63 for the p/n/n/sup +/ structure.


This article aims to understand the production of "the feminine" from work in tourism services. In particular, it analyzes the case of hotel maids who work in Los Cabos, BCS, Mexico. It proposes that the material production of and through the bodies of the workers is central to understand the constitution of subjects with gender. In the first place, it criticizes the idea of immaterial work, showing the in-corporation in the body of female workers of practices and gender discourses associated with this occupation. On the other hand, it considers that the effects of work are mediated by discursive practices. In this sense, it gives an account of the dialectical relations between the discourses of control of work, the hegemonic discourses on the practice of working and the different discourses on the work ethic that are constructed from the diverse experiences of women as chamber maids.


Responses from 111 certified ITAA members who assigned 97 behavioral descriptors to applicable ego states were analyzed by latent partition analysis, and item loadings for the latent categories det...