Anaplastic large cell lymphoma(ALCL) is an uncommon type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(NHL) populated with anaplastic, often bizarre cells that express CD30 (Ki-1) antigen. The unusual histologic and cytologic features may cause confusion with other neoplasms, such as poorly differentiated carcinoma, melanoma, Hodgkin's disease, or true histiocytic lymphoma. Although the cytologic features of ALCL have been well described, there are few reports about cytologic findings of the sarcomatold variant of ALCL. We experienced a case of fine needle aspiration(FNA) cytologic findings of ALCL which mimicks malignant fibrous histiocytoma. FNA cytology of chest wall mass in a 62-year-old female with a history of peripheral T-cell lymphoma(Lennert lymphoma) revealed a heterogeneous population of single cells and poorly cohesive cells with large, pleomorphic nuclei and spindle cells gathering around vascular structures within an inflammatory background. Additional features of the neoplastic cells were eccentric, multilobated nuclei with occasional 'wreath-like' configuration; abundant cytoplasm with vacuolization; and prominent nucleoli. The cytologic features suggested sarcoma, especially malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The diagnosis was made retrospectively with an aid of immunocytochemical staining.


We study the conditions for the consistency of the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric with the dynamical Chern-Simons modified gravity. It turns out to be that in this situation the accelerated expansion of the Universe takes place, with the time dependence of the scale factor turns out to be similar to the case of presence of the Chaplygin gas. Also we found that this modification changes the total density of the Universe and therefore gives a nontrivial impact to a cosmological scenario.


Money laundering has for a long time been an acknowledged problem, now more than ever. Especially after 9/11 2001 and the terrorist attacks in the USA, joint efforts have made combating the problem a serious matter. Combating and prevention of money laundering and terrorism financing is also important from a larger perspective. If you can close off finances of criminal activity, you are one step closer to also stop organized crime, since money laundering often works as a final step of organized crime.

Today our Swedish banks have a big responsibility to discover and report to the financial police if suspicion of money laundering rises. Naturally, this require a great deal of resources and a substantial amount of work. Still investigations and reports show that only just under half of all banks within Sweden reported sometime during the year of 2009. There are a number of reasons for that. According to Brottsforebyggande radet(Bra) banks acquire both inadequate knowledge and inadequate technical development. People who are involved with money laundering are always one step ahead of those who try to discover them. If one method of money laundering is discovered, another is invented. Knowledge and technical systems at the banks are therefore of great importance, since they are the ones to have contact with clients and money.

In a report from Bra one of the reasons for the low number of reports, is said to be the complexity of the regulations and that the employees at the banks lack in knowledge when it comes to what the regulation concerning money laundering mean. Initially money laundering was meant to only cover when money was being laundered, but this area has with time been extended. Today the regulation also covers when white money is being stained to disguise the receiver of the money. This is often used when terrorism is being financed. Therefore, Bra gives as a proposal that the name money laundering should be changed into money removal or money movement, since this in a better way reflects what actually happens, which makes it easier for those who are supposed to carry out the rules.

This thesis deals with the problems of definition that money laundering causes and the actions that has been suggested. The suggestion of most interest to this thesis is if the name of money laundering should be changed into money removal or money movement and the consequences of such an action. The purpose of this thesis is also to get an insight in the actions banks take to avoid money laundering. This is made to be able to see if there is a need for a change from their perspective.


Abstract This article applies the process of model specfication to three models in gifted education. It describes the steps in structural equation modeling and introduces the Analysis of Linear Structural Relationships Model (LISREL) as a conceptual tool for model specification. It suggests that longitudinal research will be necessary to test these models property. Significant subject pools will also need to be employed to reduce capitalization on chance when testing the goodness-of-fit between the models and actual data collected. It is hoped that the application of the approaches suggested will lead to empirically-based model refinement in gifted education.


The IMS Interactive Forum sessions will be held on two days, Wednesday, 5 June, and Thursday, 6 June. Each session contains a large number of papers from multiple technical tracks, collocated in the same hall. Coordinating the timing of the Interactive Forum with the technical tracks provides continuity for attendees who are following particular topical areas. In addition, the Interactive Forum provides a convenient way for attendees to explore new research areas and expand their horizons by having many contributions from multiple technical tracks on display simultaneously in the same hall. This year will be the second year we will employ QR codes to enhance the experience of the Interactive Forum. Attendees with a smartphone and QR code reader application will have a direct link to specific Web content that will enhance their experience.


ABSTRACT With the use of socio-rhetorical interpretation (SRI) as an interpretive analytics combined with a gender-critical hermeneutical optic, this article investigates the 'power struggles' inherent in the discourse of 1 Corinthians in an attempt to examine the ideology within Paul's rhetoric and to investigate how Paul's rhetoric functions ideologically to assert his power over the Corinthian Christian community. As a result of this investigation, this study argues that the discourse of 1 Corinthians is deeply entrenched in gendered ideological texture and tendentiously served to maintain and sustain hierarchical gendered relationships between men and women in the church at Corinth – relationships that mimicked the normative, androcentric, and kyriarchal power relations from the dominant Graeco-roman culture.


In the title compound, C17H14O3, the dihedral angle between the methoxybenzene unit and the benzene ring of the chromanone system is 64.12 (3)°. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak C—H⋯O interactions.


A key to the understanding of transition metal catalysis is a detailed knowledge of the changes in coordination environment that accompany a change in redox state. The capacity of a given metal complex to support the high rates of electron transfer needed for effective catalysis is strongly dependent on the magnitude of structural reorganization coupled to the redox step. The ability of the ligand to control the dynamics of electron transfer is beautifully illustrated by copper redox proteins such as plastocyanin.[1] The polypeptide-imposed constraints on the environment at the coordination site of the metal minimize the structural change attendant on interconversion between the CuI and CuII redox states of the metal, facilitating fast electron transfer. Further, unravelling the molecular details of enzyme catalysis often hinges on knowledge of the structural changes attendant on oxidation or reduction. XAFS can provide the key structural information for reactive or unstable redox states of biological and abiological molecules. Our research has mostly centred on the use of a combination of spectroscopic and computational techniques to reveal the chemistry associated with dihydrogen activation in diiron compounds related to [FeFe]-hydrogenases [2], where a combination of XAFS, IR spectroscopy and theory can provide reliable structural information. Sampling of such species can provide a comparable challenge to spectral analysis – an issue made more difficult in cases where the quantity of sample is limited. We have developed low-volume electrosynthesis cells suitable for the study of electrogenerated species where the total volume of solution required for XAS data collection is of order 100 μL [3]. The design and operation of cells designed to allow freeze quenching and tow-temperature spectral collection or RT on-line measurement will be described.


Ring die is the key working part of the ring mold briquetting machine because of its direct participation in the material easy wear compression. To study the ring die wearing in the briquetting process and provide a reference for the optimal design,the force in ring die briquetting process was analyzed,critical parts of the force in the work process was studied. And the finite element analyses were done by ANSYS. The results show that the wedge parts of the briquetting machine ring die is the key part of the force in the briquetting process. The stress distribution and deformation mode was studied to reduce ring die wearing and provide a theoretical basis for structural optimization.


for multi-agentcom- fort and energy system (MACES) to alternative management and of systems and occupants. upon previous multi-agent systems as it both building system devices and building occupants through direct changes to occupant meeting schedules using multi-objective Markov Decision Problems (MDP). is implemented and tested with input from a real-world building in- cluding actual thermal zones, temperatures, occupant preferences, and occupant schedules. The operations of this building are then simulated according to three distinct control strategies involving varying levels of intelli- gent coordination of devices and occupants. Finally, the energy and comfort results of these three strategies are compared to the baseline and opportunities for further energy savings are assessed. A 12% reduction in energy consumption and a 5% improvement in occupant comfort are realized as compared to the baseline control. Speci fi cally, by employing MDP meeting relocating, an additional 5% improvement in energy consumption is real- ized over other control strategies.


Cooperativity is used by living systems to circumvent energetic and entropic barriers to yield highly efficient molecular processes. Cooperative structural transitions involve the simultaneous, concerted displacement of molecules in a crystalline material, in stark contrast to the more typical molecule-by-molecule nucleation and growth mechanism often breaking the single crystallinity. Cooperative transitions have acquired much attention in the research community for their low transition barriers, ultrafast kinetics, and structural reversibility. On the other hand, cooperative transitions are rarely observed in molecular crystals and the molecular origin is not well understood. Single crystals of 2-dimensional quinoidal terthiophene (2DQTT-o-B), a high-performance n-type organic semiconductor, demonstrate two thermally-activated, reversible phase transitions with one exhibiting a cooperative mechanism and the second exhibiting a nucleation and growth mechanism. In situ microscopy, single crystal and grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), along with Raman spectroscopy suggest a reorientation of the alkyl side chains results in a cooperative transition behavior. On the other hand, the nucleation and growth transition is coincident with both side chain melting and the emergence of new spin-spin interactions between conjugated cores, confirmed through in situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). This is the first observation of biradical interactions directly initiating a structural transition. Through studying these fundamental mechanisms, we establish alkyl chain conformation and disorder as integral to rationally controlling these polymorphic behaviors for novel electronic applications.


X-ray diffraction studies reveal Pnma space group for YFe0.5Cr0.5O3. The Neel temperature for YFe0.5Cr0.5O3 is found to be ∼275 K using temperature dependence of magnetization and neutron diffraction studies. The variation of magnetization with applied magnetic field shows a hysteresis loop at 20 K, which depicts a weak ferromagnetic behavior. Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction data divulge a canted antiferromagnetic structure (Γ4 = GzFyAx) for YFe0.5Cr0.5O3. Dielectric measurement depicts a relaxor like transition (peak at ∼507 K for 10 kHz) for YFe0.5Cr0.5O3. An anomaly in the magnetization curve around this transition temperature points the possibility of magnetodielectric effect in YFe0.5Cr0.5O3. Non-Debye type relaxation is observed with activation energy of 0.40 eV at low temperature and 1.01 eV at high temperature. At high temperatures, oxygen ion vacancies are found to contribute to the conduction process in addition to polaron hopping.


At the heart of Le Pere Goriot, on the eve of one of "les jours les plus extraordinaires de l'histoire de la maison" (3:91), (1) is an episode in which Madame Vauquer's boarders, flush with Bordeaux wine, recite and bellow the cries of Parisian street peddlers at dinner. Rastignac has apparently committed himself to two mutually exclusive romantic plots, either of which would secure his fortune, by both courting Victorine Taillefer and accepting Goriot's offer of a garconniere. That night, Taillefer fils will be murdered, enabling Rastignac to obtain Victorine's dowry and share the profits with Vautrin, the mastermind behind the deal. This will be Vautrin's last meal at the Pension Vauquer before he is unmasked and arrested as Trompe-la-Mort. At this moment, as each intrigue is wound tighter, it may seem odd that the lodgers are imitating street peddlers, those itinerant merchants who circulated among the faubourgs crying out their wares. Yet this short scene, which stages Vautrin's relationship to the other main characters, relates to a long tradition of discourse on street cries dating back to the Middle Ages. Representations of street cries had renewed appeal in the mid- to late-nineteenth-century writings of, among others, Joseph Mainzer and Victor Fournel. Seen in this broader context and in the context of Balzac's other references to modern Paris, the street cries in Le Pere Goriot draw out the novel's ethnographic discussion of the sounds and class dynamics characteristic of early-nineteenth-century Paris. Like the ethnographic literature with which it shares a common interest in the crieurs de Paris as expressions of Parisian identity, Honore de Balzac's novel reconstructs a folkloric aural past and shows the extent to which sound defines identity. From the Middle Ages onward, chapmen or colporteurs traveled from village to village advertising their wares in the streets. Each trade had a distinctive cry, a combination of words and characteristic tune, such that buyers could identify the itinerant merchant by a sound marker; however, street criers are frequently conflated into a broad category of peddlers. Although originally colporteur signified the official profession of the itinerant vendor of broadsheets (papiers volants) and images, the word came to designate all hawkers. (2) By the eighteenth century, colporteurs were viewed with increased suspicion, because they sold goods illegally, sold defective merchandise, or spread malicious and subversive information, and laws were created to regulate hawking. (3) The evolution of street criers' representation parallels the sedentary bourgeois' increased suspicion toward lower-class transience, marginality and criminality. Street cries eventually become a metonym for the working class as a whole, now defined by raucousness and criminality as opposed to bourgeois silence and respectability. The Cris de Paris refer both to the historical practice of peddling and to an art (either written, visual or aural) form that dates back to Guillaume de la Villeneuve's thirteenth-century poem "Les Crieries de Paris," and to sixteenth-century woodcuts. (4) A modern revival of interest in the Cris de Paris from as early as the 1820s coincided with a gradual decline in the practice. As Balzac and Fournel were keenly aware, the reorganization of space following the urban renewal begun under Napoleon I and spearheaded by Baron Haussmann in the 1850s was changing sound culture, and street criers were increasingly confined to the older neighborhoods of Paris. Their perceived disappearance, and their concomitant association with Vieux Paris, was likely what motivated nineteenth-century writers engaged in Parisian ethnography. These ethnographers drew on the genre set out in Louis-Sebastien Mercier's Tableau de Paris to document their societies and capture what was new and changing. Balzac heeded this documentary impulse by contributing to an evolving body of litterature panoramique (5); moreover, his novels, especially Le Pere Goriot, can be productively read as a folkloric record or a literary ethnography within the tradition of the Tableau de Paris. …


From the Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery (Drs. Rothbaum, Francis and Niparko), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; the Department of Mechanical Engineering (Mr. Mustafa and Drs. Roy and Whitcomb) Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; the Department of Computer Science (Drs. Hager and Taylor), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore; and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (Mr. Snook and Drs. Cannata, Chen and Shung), University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.


Objectives To evaluate the results of posttraumatic microvascular replantation/revascularization of crushed fingers and establish the prognostic factors that increase the success rate. Background Posttraumatic digital amputations are one of the most common injuries in emergency room (ER) that face plastic surgeons with a wide range of options for management. Optimization of the results after digital microvascular surgeries represents a challenge, especially in crushed and crushed-avulsion cases. Patients and methods A descriptive, retrospective study of 21 patients who underwent urgent replantation/revascularization digital surgery after crushed/crushed-avulsion injury in our center between January 2018 and March 2019. The data collected were classified into preoperative, intraoperative, postoperative, and follow-up data. The follow-up parameters were esthetic, sensory, and functional outcomes. The follow-up period extended to 1 year postoperative, every patient visited our outpatient clinic every 3 months for assessment of the results and data collection. Results During the period of the study, 21 patients of crushed fingers have been subjected to microvascular replantation/revascularization. The patients were 15 (71.4%) males and six (28.6%) females with mean age 27.7 years and their BMI ranged from 22 to 40. From 21 cases, there were 13 (61.9%) cases in which the injured finger totally survived, two (9.5%) cases show partial necrosis of the distal stump, and there were failure of anastomosis in six (28.6%) cases. Excellent esthetic outcomes were reported in 13 (86.5%) cases, while accepted or good outcomes were reported in five (33.3%) cases and poor results in only three (19.9%) cases (P = 0.013). Conclusions With taking great care to some important factors, the survival rate in crushed and crushed/avulsion is accepted with excellent long-term esthetic, functional, and sensory outcomes.


The paper considers a high temperature influence on strength characteristics of steam pipelines and steam turbine parts of high and medium pressure. The charts showing a decisive temperature importance in diffuse creep have been presented in the paper. The paper contains a calculation of steel self-diffusion coefficient. Dependence D sd = f ( t ) for more accurate assessment of resource characteristics of the applied steel has been proposed in the paper.


In this paper, properties of rotation and translation of spherical modes are used to study mutual coupling between two open-ended radiating structures which can exhibit complex geometries. The isolated antennas are previously characterized by means of the SFELP methodology. The method is validated with measurements for two coupled apertures, and applied to cavity-backed microstrip antennas.


Using reviews to learn user and item representations is important for recommender system. Current review based methods can be divided into two categories: (1) the Convolution Neural Network (CNN) based models that extract n-gram features from user/item reviews; (2) the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based models that learn global contextual representations from reviews for users and items. Despite their success, both CNN and RNN based models in previous studies suffer from their own drawbacks. While CNN based models are weak in modeling long-dependency relation in text, RNN based models are slow in training and inference due to their incapability with parallel computing. To alleviate these problems, we propose a new text encoder module for review modeling in recommendation by combining convolution networks with self-attention networks to model local and global interactions in text together.As different words, sentences, reviews have different importance for modeling user and item representations, we construct review models hierarchically in sentence-level, review-level, and user/item level by encoding words for sentences, encoding sentences for reviews, and encoding reviews for user and item representations. Experiments on Amazon Product Benchmark show that our model can achieve significant better performance comparing to the state-of-the-art review based recommendation models.


A 23-year-old women was admitted complaining of a 7-month history of general fatigue, slight fever, right flank pain and gross haematuria. CT showed a a 13 ¥ 10 cm right renal mass (Fig. la) and several nodules in both lungs, suggesting multiple pulmonary metastases. CT and cavography revealed a filling defect in the right renal vein and the inferior vena cava (IVC), suggesting a tumour thrombus in both (Fig. la). Aortography showed the mass to be hypervascular (Fig. lb). She underwent radical nephrectomy with cavotomy under a diagnosis of metastatic RCC with IVC tumour thrombus. The pulmonary metastatic lesions decreased in size and number 14 days after surgery (Fig. 1c) and subsequently increasingly regressed with time. At 2 months after surgery they had completely regressed (Fig. 1d) . Before surgery her urinary excretion of homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) were 3.3 and 3.3 mg/day (within the normal ranges; HVA 1.5–6.6 mg/day; VMA 1.3–5.1 mg/day). The histological findings of the resected tumour showed the typical small round to ovoid tumour cells and several neuroblastic Homer Wright rosettes, suggesting the tumour to be a primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) or neuroblastoma (Fig. 2a). Positive reactions were obtained with the antibodies against synaptophysin, neurone-specific enolase, S100 protein and CD99 (MIC2) [1] (Fig. 2b) but not to chromogranin and neurofilament. Taken together, the histological findings and laboratory results suggested a diagnosis of PNET of the kidney. The resection of the primary lesion was probably responsible for the complete regression of the pulmonary metastases. The patient remains well 1 year after surgery.


A wide range of applications requires the modeling of wave propagation phenomena in media with variable physical properties in the domain of interest, while highly accurate algorithms are needed to avoid unphysical effects. Spectral element methods (SEM), based on either a Chebyshev or a Legendre polynomial basis, have excellent properties of accuracy and flexibility in describing complex models, outperforming other techniques. In the standard SEM approach the computational domain is discretized by using very coarse meshes and constant-property elements, but in some cases the accuracy and the computational efficiency may be seriously reduced. For instance, a finely heterogeneous medium requires grid resolution down to the finest scales, leading to an extremely large problem dimension. In such problems the wavelength scale of interest is much larger but cannot be exploited in order to reduce the problem size. A poly-grid Chebyshev spectral element method (PG-CSEM) can overcome this limitation. In order to accurately deal with continuous variation in the properties, or even with small scale fluctuations, temporary auxiliary grids are introduced which avoid the need of using any finer global grid, and at the macroscopic level the wave field propagation is solved maintaining the SEM accuracy and computational efficiency.


The extraction and processing of landfill gas to pipeline quality specifications is a viable method for recovering landfill gas. A plant operating at the Central Disposal Sanitary Landfill in Pompano Beach, Florida, employs a proprietary process involving a methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) based solvent. The process utilizes a combination pressure-swing and thermal solvent-regeneration procedure which dramatically reduces energy requirements relative to those of traditional amine processes. Much of the equipment is skid mounted and modularized which reduces field installation costs and facilitates future removal to other sites.


*† ‡ § The presence and use of Unmanned Autonomous Systems (UASs) is increasing. There are more UASs, with greater levels of autonomy, executing missions of increasing complexity and criticality, resulting in an increased need for testing and verification of UAS system behavior. Unfortunately, the complexity of UAS hardware, software, environment, and mission profiles make testing coverage for system-level behavioral properties prohibitively difficult. This paper describes the System-Level Autonomy Trust Enabler (SLATE). SLATE employs constraint-based models to reason about the relationship between component-level behavioral guarantees and system-level properties for highly-autonomous systems interacting with a complex environment. Originally targeted for application to autonomous spacecraft and planetary rovers, SLATE provides unique capabilities for composing component-level guarantees into system-level guarantees, including inference across the


The possibility of replacing the property tax with a site value (land value) tax has generated renewed interest in site value taxation in recent years. One reason for dissatisfaction with the property tax in its present form is that the part of the tax levied on capital discourages its use. Alternatively, if the entire tax were levied on site value, the distortive effect of the present tax would be elimi-nated. Among the problems associated with the substitution of the site value tax for the property tax is the "adequacy" problem. That is, site value may not provide a tax base large enough to raise the amount of revenue generated by the present tax. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the significance of these land rent changes in view of the problem of site value tax adequacy.


In the crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu(NCS)(C4H3IN2)]n, each Cu atom is coordinated by three thiocyanate anions and one 2-iodopyrazine ligand within a distorted tetrahedron. The Cu-coordinated units form dimers, which are connected into layers by the thiocyanate anions.


The General Accounting Office says the outlook for geothermal generated electricity is limited. The GAO indicates that growth in use of geothermal energy for electricity will be modest because most of the known economically viable fields are being used and slowly being depleted. In addition the electricity from those fields is only marginally competitive with electricity from other sources.


The properties of polyetheretherketone(PEEK) are briefly introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages of the valve's material for PEEK comparison with metal have been analyzed.The engineering applications of PEEK in the field of piston compressor valve are enumerated.The results of theoretical analysis and practical application show that PEEK is an ideal material for valve plate of the piston compressor,thus it is well worth spreading.


................................................................................................................................ V TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................................................. VII LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................................. X LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ XIII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................ XVI CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 1 1.1 BRIEF OPENING NOTE ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2 SHORE ENVIROMENT ....................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Tidal effects ........................................................................................................ 3 1.2.2 Effects of exposure to wave action .................................................................... 4 1.2.3 Biological interactions ........................................................................................ 6 1.3 LARGE SCALE FACTORS AND LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS ........................................................... 12 1.4 CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACTS .................................................................................. 13 1.5 GENERAL AIMS ............................................................................................................. 14 CHAPTER 2 BIOGEOGRAPHICAL PATTERNS OF INTERTIDAL ORGANISMS OVER A EUROPEAN LATITUDINAL GRADIENT .......................................................................................... 16 2.


AIM:To study the change of expression of the PTH/PTHrP receptor in human dental pulp cells cultured in vitro.METHODS:The fourth passage of human dental pulp cells were cultured up to 5,10,15,20 days.The PTH group was cultured in the medium containing 33.3nmol/L hPTH1-34.PTH/PTHrP receptor's mRNA were enlarged by RT-PCR.The absorbence were measured and compared with β-actin.RESULTS:The mRNA of PTH/PTHrP receptor expressed lower when the cells were cultured in 5 and 10 days in both the experimental group and control group.But after 10 days,the expressions all increased with the cultured time.But the expression is higher in the experimental group than that in the control group.CONCLUSION:PTH is related with the differentiation of pulp cells.hPTH1-34 may promote the expression of PTH/PTHrP receptor.The formation and mineralization of dentin may be effected by parathyroid hormone itself or by combining with PTH/PTHrP receptor.


The subject matter of study in the article is the indicators of the combustion process of a two-stroke engine 1D 8.7 / 8.2 with spark ignition when using a carburetor power supply system (external mixture formation) and a direct fuel injection system (internal mixture formation). Internal mixture formation ensures the organization of a stratified fuel-air charge (SFAC) and a stratified lean fuel-air charge (SLFAC). Combustion indicators allow you to assess the nature of the combustion process. The goal is to determine the nature of the change in the combustion indicators of the engine with external and internal mixture formation during the organization of the working process with the SFAC and SLFAC at the load characteristic modes (n = 3,000 rpm). The tasks to be solved are as follows. The use of internal mixture formation and the organization of the combustion of SLFAC and SFAC made it possible to obtain values of ηi greater than with external mixture formation at all modes of the load characteristic. The maximum value of ηi for SLFAC is 0.5 at a load bmep = 0.2 MPa, for SFAC – 0.44 at bmep = 0.25 MPa and 0.3 at bmep = 0.36 MPa for an engine with a carburettor. Maximum combustion pressure (рz), pressure increase ratio (λ), preliminary expansion ratio (ρ), further expansion ratio (δ), combustion character indicator (m), maximum heat release rate (dx / dfi max), duration of combustion from TDC to point Z (φz), total duration of combustion (dφz); to construct the characteristics of changes in combustion indicators and to obtain empirical dependences depending on the engine load. An experimental-analytical research method is used, which provides for the determination of the nature and analysis of the course of the combustion process according to the combustion indicators established by the experimental indicator diagrams. The following results were obtained. The use of internal mixture formation and the organization of the combustion of SFAC and SLFAC made it possible to obtain ηi values greater than with external mixture formation at all modes of the load characteristic. The maximum value of ηi for SLFAC is 0.5 at a load ре = 0.2 MPa, for SFAC - 0.44 at ре = 0.25 MPa and 0.3 at ре = 0.36 MPa for an engine with a carburetor. The pressure in the cylinder with the piston position at TDC is on average 1.5 times higher for an engine with a carburetor, and the maximum combustion pressure рz is higher up to 11 % with the organization of SLFAC (the degree of pressure increase λ is reduced by 26 %) and 20-22 % higher than in the organization of SFAC (the value of λ is reduced by 31 %). An increase in the compression ratio ε by 26.4 % and a decrease in the degree of preliminary expansion ρ at SLFAC in comparison with SFAC made it possible to increase the degree of further expansion δ by an average of 30 % and by 43 % in comparison with the carburetor power system. When organizing SLFAC, the value of the indicator of the nature of combustion m is, on average, 1.4 times higher than that of an engine with a carburetor and 1.45 times higher relative to the organization of SFAC, at which the maximum rate of heat release dx / dfi max is up to 40 % higher than in the engine with carburetor. The SLFAC organization allowed reduce the combustion duration by 39 % relative to external mixture formation and by 36 % relative to the SFAC organization. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained consists in obtaining data and empirical dependences of the indicators of the combustion process of the 1D 8.7 / 8.2 engine with external and internal mixture formation with the organization of SFAC and SLFAC at load characteristic modes (n = 3,000 rpm). It was found that the best technical, economic and environmental indicators correspond to the organization of internal mixing with SLFAC.


Experimental measurements have been made of the cooling of 200-MeV protons by an electron beam of 1 to 3 A and an energy of 110 keV. These experiments are an extention of earlier measurements on the cooling of 115-MeV protons and were performed in the Fermilab experimental proton storage ring. At 200 MeV the proton beam lifetime in the storage ring is extended from 10 to 4000 sec with electron cooling. The cooling times with an electron beam current of 1 A were approximately 2 sec for momentum and 5 to 10 sec for transverse cooling of the proton beam. For proton intensities of approximately 2 × 106 particles, the six-dimensional phase-space density Qf the proton beam was increased by a factor of 2 × 105. These results and data on equilibrium proton distributions and frictional forces are in reasonable agreement with the theoretical predictions. In addition, the accumulation of successive "hot" batches of protons into a cold core, i.e. stacking, has been demonstrated.


Abstract
 The giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) is one of the most distinctive animals of South America. In northern Argentina it is found in forests, savannahs, and grasslands. It is listed as Vulnerable in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The present study was conceived as a husbandry tool for individuals of this species in zoos. The research was developed at CRET (Temaikèn Center of Species Reproduction) and consisted in elaborating the behavioral repertoire of a group of three adult females from April 2009 to April 2010. A total of 122 h of behavioral observations were made by the naked eye at a distance of 1–5 m through a metallic mesh, five times a week, with focal animal ad libitum sampling from 9:00 to 18:00 hr. A diagram of the exhibit was confected to ease the data collecting process. To facilitate the description of the behavioral acts, an identification of the different physical characteristics of each individual was conducted along with the segmentation of the body. During the 12 months of observations, 38 behavioral acts were defined, which were then grouped into eleven categories. Finalization of data collection was based on the saturation curve; the first asymptote was reached at 35 h, while the final one, which remained constant, was reached at 52 h and contained the 38 behavioral acts registered in the ethogram.


Thromb Haemost 2006; 96: 391–2 The finding that prostaglandins, well known mediators of pain and inflammation, are synthesised via two genetically distinct pathways [cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and COX-2] initiated the targeted research for selective inhibitors. The pharmacological concept for designing selective COX-2 inhibitors was that (over)expression of COX-2 is regularly caused by noxious stimuli, such as inflammatory cytokines, tumour promoters, or inflammation-related mediators, while COX-1 is much less regulated and rather represents a constitutive enzyme for homoeostatic functions. Thus, selective inhibition of COX-2 was considered therapeutically desirable for two reasons: i) elimination of the consequences of COX-2-derived prostaglandin generation (namely PGI2 and PGE2) for inflammation, pain and, perhaps, tumor promotion, and ii), in contrast to traditional non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs), sparing of the homoeostatic function of COX-1-derived prostaglandins, specifically in the stomach. It is now known that this hypothesis was incomplete. Thus, COX-2-deficient mice showed a normal inflammatory response, while COX-1-deficient animals had no gastric pathology despite markedly reduced PGE2 formation (1, 2). While a transient pharmacological COX-2 inhibition may not be directly comparable to animals with a homozygous gene defect, there is still another issue of concern regarding oversimplifications: COX-2 regulation and COX-2-dependent prostaglandin formation per se is neither good nor bad but rather part of a local tissue reaction to disturbed homeostasis. This is valid for pain, inflammation and certain malignancies but also for regulation of haemostasis and vessel tone in the cardiovascular system. The vessel wall and blood platelets are major targets of prostaglandins (PGI2, PGE2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) in the cardiovascular system. The proaggregatory and vasoconstrictory TXA2 is mainly synthesised via COX-1 in the platelet, while the vasodilatory (PGE2, PGI2) and antiplatelet compounds (PGI2) are synthesised mainly in the vascular endothelium, however, in contrast to earlier concepts, mainly via COX-2 (3). If COX-2 becomes induced by physiological (shear-stress) or pathological stimuli (inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and others), there is enhanced generation of PGI2 and PGE2, eventually resulting in antithrombotic and antihypertensive actions. In patients at advanced stages of atherosclerosis, which is an inflammatory disease, both vascular generation of PGI2 and plateletdependent generation of TXA2 are significantly increased (4, 5). PGI2, in addition, also appears to down-regulate thromboxane receptor-mediated events (6). Treatment of these patients with COX-2 selective inhibitors reduces PGI2 generation but leaves the enhanced thromboxane formation largely unaffected. The possible consequences are impaired haemostasis and an increase in blood pressure, i.e. an elevated vascular risk via inhibition of generation of antithrombotic (PGI2) and antihypertensive (PGE2) factors, and an elevated generation of prothrombotic and vasoconstrictory factors (TXA2) (Fig. 1). The question is whether these theoretical considerations are translated in vivo and, possibly, might become relevant (i.e. disease-inducing) factors in certain patients, such as those at elevated vascular risk. The voluntary withdrawal of the COX-2 inhibitor (coxib) rofecoxib from the market by the manufacturer in September 2004, has marked the official beginning of an intensive discussion about the safety of COX-2 inhibitors with respect to thrombotic events, mainly myocardial infarctions. At this time, these drugs had been prescribed to millions of patients and, until that time point, were considered to be safe. There was an increased incidence of myocardial infarctions, originally described by Debrabata Mukherjee after analysing all of the FDA-available data known on the issue.This enhanced risk of myocardial infarctions was later shown also to exist with other coxibs (7). This theme issue of Thrombosis and Haemostasis addresses the issue of the thrombotic risk of coxibs in more detail. The article by Grosser (8) summarises pharmacological aspects of coxibs, with respect to thrombotic risk, pointing to the significance of the pre-existing cardiovascular risk for the hazard potential. This also points to the usefulness of identifying an individual risk potential for any given patient, in particular if the patient is already on long-term prophylaxis with aspirin because of an elevated cardiovascular risk. The subsequent overview (9) summarises major clinical trials on the cardiovascular risk of coxibs. This is followed by two articles discussing the pros and cons of selective COX-2 inhibition (10, 11). It becomes clear that both aspects have to be considered and that the controlled inhibition of COX-2 might have merits as a useful and effective analgesic/ antiinflammatory procedure. However, there is a price to be paid and this is an enhanced vascular risk in certain patient populations (7) because the compounds as such cannot dissociate between a pathologic and physiologic reason for increased prostaglandin production. However, one should mention that tNSAIDs © 2006 Schattauer GmbH, Stuttgart