BACKGROUND: The management of industrial spent acids containing metals to be potentially recovered for further reuse is within the scope of circular economy principles In particular, spent sulfuric acid solutions are usually treated by precipitation technologies, which are limited by the lack of selectivity thus affecting metal reuse In this work, acidic effluents containing nickel (≈9 g L−1), copper (≈3 g L−1) and iron (≈24 g L−1) in sulfuric acid media were treated with commercial chelating resins Iminodiacetate (Purolite®S930Plus) and bis-picolylamine (MTS9600®) resins were selected to perform the selective recovery of nickel and copper over iron, which is an impurity for further metal recovery by electrowinning RESULTS: Under the selected operation conditions (pH ≈ 2), resin MTS9600® reported the best separation results with removal percentages of copper, nickel and iron of ≈80%, ≈99% and ≈10% respectively The adsorption equilibrium of copper and nickel were described by the Langmuir (qm,Cu = 48 309 mg kgdryresin−1 and KL,Cu = 9 1 10−2 L mg−1) and Freundlich (KF,Ni = 645 (mg kgdry resin−1)(L mg−1)1/n) and nNi = 2 29) models, respectively Kinetic experiments confirmed that copper removal is preferential and weakly influenced by the operation conditions being described by a pseudo-first-order model On the contrary, nickel kinetics that followed a pseudo-second order are strongly affected by reducing both the pH and the solid–liquid ratio CONCLUSIONS: The promising results confirm that resin MTS9600® is an effective adsorbent for the removal of nickel and copper at strong acid conditions More research is being conducted to analyze the resin regeneration and the selective recovery of target metals © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry


A variety of phase‐shifting photomask technologies are being developed to meet the challenges of sub‐0.3 k1, 193‐nm exposure wavelength photolithography. Each technology shares a common requirement for successful implementation: precise photomask characterization and cross‐reticle phase control. A rapid, non‐contact method for precision phase metrology at small (sub‐1 μm) feature scales is urgently needed. This paper describes a recently‐developed phase metrology architecture that combines high‐resolution optical microscopy with actinic, phase‐coherent optical probes to facilitate optical path difference (OPD) measurements of isolated or dense features on a sub‐200‐nm spatial scale. This new architecture is suitable for OPD metrology on embedded‐attenuator, alternating‐aperture, and chromeless phase lithography (CPL) phase‐shifting technologies. We describe preliminary imaging and phase metrology results on a 65‐nm‐node CPL reticle and a 90‐nm‐node EAPSM reticle. The microscope features a solid‐state 5‐kH...


Extended gamma matrix Clifford--Dirac and SO(1,9) algebras in the terms of $8 \times 8$ matrices have been considered. The 256-dimensional gamma matrix representation of Clifford algebra for 8-component Dirac equation is suggested. Two isomorphic realizations $\textit{C}\ell^{\texttt{R}}$(0,8) and $\textit{C}\ell^{\texttt{R}}$(1,7) are considered. The corresponding gamma matrix representations of 45-dimensional SO(10) and SO(1,9) algebras, which contain standard and additional spin operators, are introduced as well. The SO(10), SO(1,9) and the corresponding $\textit{C}\ell^{\texttt{R}}$(0,8)$, \textit{C}\ell^{\texttt{R}}$(1,7) representations are determined as algebras over the field of real numbers. The suggested gamma matrix representations of the Lie algebras SO(10), SO(1,9) are constructed on the basis of the Clifford algebras $\textit{C}\ell^{\texttt{R}}$(0,8)$, \textit{C}\ell^{\texttt{R}}$(1,7) representations. Comparison with the corresponded algebras in the space of standard 4-component Dirac spinors is demonstrated. The proposed mathematical objects allow generalization of our results, obtained earlier for the standard Dirac equation, for equations of higher spin and, especially, for equations, describing particles with spin 3/2. The maximal 84-dimensional pure matrix algebra of invariance of the 8-component Dirac equation in the Foldy--Wouthuysen representation is found. The corresponding symmetry of the Dirac equation in ordinary representation is found as well. The possible generalizations of considered Lie algebras to the arbitrary dimensional SO(n) and SO(m,n) are discussed briefly.


We report the experimental observation of plasmon-soliton coupling. The demonstration is performed in a chalcogenide-based four-layer planar geometry designed to limit plasmon propagation losses while exhibiting efficient Kerr self-focusing at moderate power. The observations reveal a strongly enhanced self-focusing undergone by a self-trapped beam propagating inside the structure. As expected, only TM polarized waves exhibit such a behavior. Different experimental arrangements are tested that unambiguously reveal the nonlinear plasmon-soliton coupling which is corroborated by numerical simulations.


Surface morphologies and electrical properties of molecular beam epitaxial InSb and InAs(x)Sb(1-x) grown on GaAs and InP substrates are discussed. The crystals are all n-type at 300 K and lower temperatures. The surface morphology and electrical characteristics are strongly dependent on Sb(4)/In flux ratio and substrate temperature. The highest mobilities in InSb on InP are 70,000 at 300 K and 110,000 cm(2)/V.s (n=3x10(15) cm(-3)) at 77 K. The mobilities in the alloys also increase monotonically with lowering of temperature. Good quality InAs(x)Sb(1-x) was grown directly on InP substrates by molecular beam epitaxy.


Perineal wound complication rates after abdominoperineal resection (APR) are thought to occur in 40 per cent of cases, and rates as high as 80 per cent have been previously reported.1, 2 Large perineal defects and poor remaining tissue quality leading to poor perineal wound healing often occur after oncologic APRs. Common practice for high-risk perineal resections is pelvic floor and perineal reconstruction with muscle or myocutaneous tissue flaps.2 However, the use of rectus abdominis flaps has negated the concept of minimally invasive abdominal surgery due to the nature of its midline incision to access the muscle. There is a need for alternative muscle flap coverage for those with high-risk perineal wounds. Gracilis muscle flaps have been proposed as a minimally invasive alternative to open rectus abdominis flaps that also avoid the disabling effects of other thigh flaps.1 Previously reported limitations of the gracilis muscle flap for perineal closure include its small muscle mass and tenuous skin island when performed as a myocutaneous flap; however, these issues have been more effectively addressed with an evolution to muscle-only flaps and increasing muscle mass with a bilateral gracilis approach when needed.1, 2 The use of flap closures for perineal wounds remains controversial. In addition to some surgeons preferring primary repair techniques for all perineal defects, we have anecdotally found many surgeons who lack both the individual experience or a locally available surgical partner with which to perform a gracilis muscle flap closure as part of their perineal dissection. The aim of this study was to evaluate a unilateral gracilis muscle as an alternative to more routine perineal flaps and examine outcomes from gracilis muscle flap perineal closures. A retrospective review of all consecutive patients undergoing open and laparoscopic APR from September 2012 to June 2015 was performed at a United Statesbased, quaternary-referral academic medical center. Gracilis flaps at the institution were performed in a similar manner to those that have been previously reported.2 Patient data were obtained through direct review of patients' medical records. Descriptive statistics were produced for the patient cohort using Excel 2013 (Microsoft, Redmond, WA). This protocol was approved by the Johns Hopkins Medicine Institutional Review Board. Thirty-four patients undergoing APRs were initially identified. Seventeen (50%) had primary perineal closure without the use of tissue flaps. Twelve (35%) had a nongracilis flap closure. Five APRs with gracilis flap closures were performed (15%). Within the gracilis flap group, the mean age of patients was 66 years (range, 44–82 years), 60 per cent were male, and the median body mass index was 25.1. Figure 1 demonstrates the change in flap closure preference over time. In the early period September 2012 to September 2014, 17 APRs were performed. A gracilis flap was used in one (6% of all, 10% of flap cases) of 10 operations using a flap for perineal defect coverage. In the late period October 2014 to June 2015, an additional 17 APRs were performed. Gracilis flaps were the preferred flap used in four of seven APRs employing a muscle flap (24% of all cases; 57% of cases with flaps). Table 1 describes the gracilis flap cases in detail. Three of the APRs with gracilis flap reconstructions (60%) were laparoscopic, and two (40%) employed an open approach. Three cases (60%) were for low rectal adenocarcinoma, one case (20%) was for urothelial squamous cell carcinoma, and one case (20%) was for benign disease. Two (40%) of the gracilis flap closures had grade I skin dehiscence complications based on the Clavien-Dindo Presented as a poster at the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons Annual Scientific Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, April 30 to May 4, 2016. Leeds' effort on this study was supported by a National Institutes of Health|National Cancer Institute postdoctoral training grant (5T32CA126607) and an American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons resident research grant (GSSRIG-031). Address correspondence and reprint requests to Ira Leeds, M.D. M.B.A., The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 North Wolfe Street, Tower 110, Baltimore, MD 21287. E-mail: email@example.com.


likely to originate directly from a defect in the wall of one of the dilated venules in the haemorrhoidal plexus. Clinically, the injection of piles is usually followed by an immediate, and to the patient dramatic, cessation of bleeding. The injettion is given above the haemorrhoid and not into the venous plexus. Dukes observed that injection of 10% phenol in glycerin was not followed by evidence of intravascular thrombosis until the fifth day. It is submitted that bleeding stops initially because of compression of the small mucosal vessels by the submucous bleb of oil and interference with the free flow of blood in the superior rectal veins.


The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action and the United Nations (UN) Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have served as blueprints of many population-related policies and programmes. In terms of family planning strategies, the ICPD recommendations on reproductive health and the fifth MDG (MDG5) of improving maternal health have helped many countries implement effective national policies. What happened thereafter is the transformation of family planning into a social norm. More importantly, family planning goals changed from a demographic imperative of controlling population growth into an ethical imperative of respecting the right of women and couples to decide on their desired family size. Since the formulation of the ICPD and the MDG agendas, various Asia-Pacific countries have experienced successes in the implementation of family planning strategies. In the Philippines, existing policies allowed specific resources to be allocated for reproductive health and family planning projects, but with varying levels of success. This inconsistency is in part due to the Local Government


The ways teachers in 23 ethnically diverse Head Start classrooms in central and Eastern Massachusetts facilitate literacy development by fostering children's discussion of non-present events and experiences was investigated. Mealtime settings in which the teacher was present and stationary were found to be especially conducive to literacy- enhancing teacher-child conversations.


The pressure on the Rubber Industry to adopt and accept environmentally friendly technologies for the recycling of waste materials is growing. This paper looks at the source of these pressures and questions the approaches currently proposed for the waste rubber problem in the light of novel economic models and technologies based on maximising the recovery of the resources locked into the waste product whilst minimising the additional energy required. Acknowledgements The authors would like to acknowledge the information provided by the International Rubber Study Group, the European Tyre Recycling Association, the Scrap Tire Management Council and the UK Environmental Agency as well as the input from a number of experts who's opinions are greatly valued. Novel concepts in environmentally friendly rubber recycling Page ii Watson Brown HSM Ltd


In this paper, a pre-economic dispatching model is established for the large-scale energy storage, new energy cluster and thermal power system in multiple regions, aiming to achieve the self-balance of power and electricity within the region as far as possible, improve the level of new energy consumption, and reduce the power and power adjustment of thermal power on the basis of maintaining the ability of interregional cooperation. Firstly, according to the operation characteristics of various units, the operation model of various units is established; Secondly, according to multi-energy complementation, a pre-economic operation dispatching model of wind, solar, fire and storage is established to solve the planned power of various unit clusters. In the model, the self-balance within the region, new energy consumption, thermal power output and power adjustment costs and inter regional power exchange costs during system operation are comprehensively considered. Finally, the HRP-38 system is used as a typical example to analyze the typical results of scenarios with high renewable energy curtailment rates. The results show that this way can effectively play the regulating role of energy storage, smooth the power of new energy, and realize the optimal operation of multi-energy system of wind, solar, thermal and storage.


Poly(3-dodecyl thiophene) (P3DDT) produces thermoreversible gels in o-, m-, and p-xylene (Xy). All of these gels have fibrillar network morphology and exhibit reversible first-order phase transitions. The enthalpy changes related to the polymer part of P3DDT−p-Xy gels indicate polymer−solvent complex formation having stoichiometry of P3DDT monomeric unit/p-Xy = 2:3. In P3DDT−o-Xy and P3DDT−m-Xy gels, the enthalpy changes also indicate similar polymer−solvent complexation of 2:3 type. In our experimental condition, only p-Xy crystallizes, and analysis of its enthalpy changes indicate the formation of a polymer−solvent complex of stoichiometry P3DDT monomeric unit/p-Xy = 3:1. In the phase diagrams, there are main chain melting and side chain melting boundaries; the latter encompasses the whole composition region. In the P3DDT−p-Xy system, there is an additional solvent melting boundary. The phase diagram nature suggests that the 2:3 complex is singular type. The solvent-subtracted Fourier-transform infrared...


The correlation between tumor microsatellite instability (MSI) and the accumulation of mutations in KRAS2 and TP53 is uncertain. The authors evaluated the TP53 and KRAS2 genes for mutations in sporadic endometrial carcinomas with microsatellite instability (MSI) and matched MSI negative controls to determine whether defective DNA mismatch repair impacts the patterns of mutations in two genes known to be involved in endometrial tumorigenesis.


The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device and a method of operating the same. A source driver is supplied with a mode switch signal specifying an applied inversion driving method from among horizontal one-dot inversion driving, first horizontal n-dot inversion driving in which a number of outputs does not disturb regularity of a polarity pattern of data signals, and second horizontal n-dot inversion driving in which a number of outputs disturbs regularity of a polarity pattern of data signals. The source driver supplies data signals to data lines. The polarity pattern of the data signals depends on a polarity signal and the applied inversion driving method specified by the mode switch signal. The source driver supplies the polarity signal to a next source driver in the case of the horizontal one-dot inversion driving or the first horizontal n-dot inversion driving, and supplies the polarity signal whose polarity is inverted to the next source driver in the case of the second horizontal n-dot inversion driving.


This paper advocates the use of similarity-based reasoning to improve the efficacy of AI applications dealing with diagnosis of electronic circuits. A paradigm for similarity-based matching is presented, application of this paradigm to diagnosis of electronic circuits is discussed, and a system architecture that supports this concept is described.


Policy anomalies are frequent in nowadays's computer networks due to their increasing configuration complexity. Resolving policy anomalies usually requires network administrator intervention, which is a time-intensive and error-prone process. In this paper, we present Net Auto-Solver, a formal approach for automatic resolution of OpenFlow anomalies. The approach resorts to the concept of high-level policies to not only detect policy violations but also correct them on-the-fly. Our approach is fully automated and does not require interaction with the network administrator. Although there is a multitude of research works on detecting anomalies in SDN, research to correct those anomalies in an automatic manner is extremely scarce. At the heart of our approach, we propose two inference systems to perform corrective actions to the policy. We provide some experimental results involving real-life network configurations to show the performance of our approach. The first results are very promising.


At is believed that vasoactive amines released by thrombin from the platelet coating of emboli play an important role in determining the magnitude of the vascular response to pulmonary emboli.gv 21n z3 As early as 1953, it was suggested that serotonin (5hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) might be the agent responsible for the reflex and direct cardiopulmonary changes associated with pulmonary emboli.lp I2 A wide variety of experimental approaches utilizing synthetic emboli were undertaken but conflicting data and conclusions resulted. Gradually, and in a variety of species, subsequent investigators have demonstrated, with the use of fresh thromboemboli, the importance of humoral factors derived from platelets in pulmonary embolism.*> 11~ I7 It has been shown that they are responsible for vascular and airway constriction and contribute to the mortality rate caused by pulmonary embolism.7v Is, x These animal models demonstrate a pathophysiological sequence similar to that which is often encountered clinically. More recently, during the course of some of this work, we observed that rabbits obtained from two different sources responded to pulmonary emboli in dissimilar fashion.lG Inquiry revealed that animals showing relatively little vascular response to the embolus


Project management is an autonomous discipline that is applied to a huge diversity of activity sectors and that has evolved enormously over the last decades. International Development Cooperation has incorporated some of this discipline's tools into its professional practice, but many gaps remain. This article analyzes donor agencies' project management approaches in their funding mechanisms for projects implemented by non-governmental organizations. As case study, we look at the Spanish decentralized donor agencies (Spanish autonomous communities). The analysis uses the PM2 project management methodology of the European Commission, as comparison framework, to assess and systematize the documentation, requirements, and project management tools that non-governmental organizations need to use and fulfill as a condition to access these donors' project funding mechanisms. The analysis shows coincidence across donors in the priority given to project management areas linked to the iron triangle (scope, cost, and time) while other areas are mainly left unattended. The analysis also identifies industry-specific elements of interest (such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals) that need to be incorporated into project management practice in this field. The use of PM2 as benchmark provides a clear vision of the project management areas that donors could address to better support their non-governmental organization-implemented projects.


Contents: Maya Gotz/Dafna Lemish: Preface - How It All Began - Maya Gotz/Dafna Lemish: Introduction - Maya Gotz/Dafna Lemish: Gender Representations in Children's Television Worldwide: A Comparative Study of 24 Countries - Maya Gotz/Margit Herche: "Wasp Waists and V-Shape Torso". Measuring the Body of the "Global" Girl and Boy in Animated Children's Programs - Jeanne Prinsloo: Seductive Little Girls on Children's TV: Sexualization and Gender Relations - Damien Spry: "Make Her Skinnier, Make Her Curvier": Sexualised Girlhood in Japanese Cartoons - Maya Gotz/Gunter Neubauer/Reinhard Winter: Heroes, Planners and Funny Losers: Masculinities Represented in Male Characters in Children's TV - Elke Schlote: How Diverse Are Superheroines? Ethnically Diverse Girl Characters in Globalized Children's TV - Dafna Lemish: "Without a Family": Representation of Families in Children's TV around the World - Kara Chan: Consumerism and Gender in Children's Television - Maya Gotz/Margit Herche: "What Really Annoys Me about the Way Girls and Boys Are Portrayed in Children's Television". Children from 21 Countries Write Illustrated. Letters to TV Producers.


Setting of measures and defining a standard are inextricably joined preludes to action on metro politan problems. When is a service "below stan dard"--When absolutist professionals say so, when below performance of a given city, when everyone agrees on the public safety? Here is a broad, im portant area of research that needs rationalization.


"Inevitable" and "accidental" is a pair of Marxist philosophy in important areas,but also the history of Western philosophy in a debate. This article attempts to necessity and contingency in the history of Western philosophy to make some preliminary arguments.


SUMMARY Nine cows, divided into 3 treatment groups, balanced for initial somatic cell count, age, parity and stage of lactation were used in a study to evaluate the effectiveness of 3 commercial teat dips containing iodine (IOD), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) or dodecyl benzene sulphonic acid (DDBSA) as the active ingredient. Foremilk samples were taken and sub-samples cultured on Plate Count Agar (PCA ) for total bacterial counts and on a Baird-Parker Agar (B-P) or Edwards Medium (EM) to determine the effect of teat dips on different bacteria species. Total bacterial counts obtained with PCA demonstrated reductions in bacterial load of foremilk due to IOD, CHX and DDBSA of 47.9%, 62.5% and 60.6% respectively, which was significant (PcO.05) only for CHX. The different agar cultures demonstrated that the bacteria profile may be altered by teat dipping.


The habitat use and feeding habits of a set of nektonic fish species often found in small low-gradient streams in Brazil were investigated. The core species in the present study was Knodus moenkhausii (Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903), the most abundant of five species in the nektonic guild. Records of the species in 22 streams indicate that K. moenkhausii is associated, on a mesohabitat scale, with runs, and on a microhabitat scale, with sandy bottoms, intermediate depth, and open sites without coverage or submerged vegetation. During snorkeling observations, two additional nektonic registered species showed spatial segregation from K. moenkhausii with respect to foraging microhabitats. Feeding habits of the observed nektonic species were significantly correlated with riparian vegetation. The six species studied appear to use different resources, as suggested by a non-metric ordination of diet, and sites with characteristic riparian vegetation. The studied species may be considered generalists with a tendency to insectivory, with K. moenkhausii feeding on the widest variety of resources. Such opportunism explains its ability to successfully occupy instream habitats with low complexity.


Exogenous hormones in medium for propogation of Pyrus spp plantlet caused endogenous hormones changed and led to subculture plantlet proliferating and growing.Content of ZR increased and there was a significant negative correlation between the rate of IAA/ZR and effective proliferation shoots in BA treated.A significant increase in IAA level when NAA treated,which brought a greater shoot growth.Content of GA_(1+3) was found in initial subculture plantlet,which increased with suitable GA_3 treatment,meanwhile the content of ABA dropped significantly and thus promoting the shoot growth and size enlargement of leaves.


Peroxins Pex5 and Pex7 belong to the peroxisomal import machinery and recognize proteins containing peroxisomal targeting signal (PTS) type 1 and type 2, respectively. This study seeks to characterize these two peroxins in the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana.


It is not uncommon for mutual fund managers to make significant adjustments to their allocations before closing out their portfolios at the end of the quarter. The common wisdom on the street and in the financial press is that part of this activity is due to "window dressing" which has become widespread as investors are becoming increasingly sophisticated in analyzing fund holdings as well as past returns in an effort to detect manager skill. So far, the academic literature on equity mutual funds has provided little empirical evidence to this effect. We analyze the semi-annual holdings and daily net asset values of 4,025 U.S. domestic equity mutual funds over the period from 1997 to 2002 and find strong evidence of increased turnover during the last days of the quarter, consistent with window dressing. In particular, we show that growth funds and funds with poor recent performance are more likely to report misleading holding. Furthermore, the end of quarter trading activity is not easily accounted for by momentum/relative strength strategies and is not associated with strategies that on average provide any added value to investors, even before accounting for expenses. Nor can liquidity costs explain these findings. ∗We thank Annette Larson, Paul Kaplan, Robert Korajczyk, Robert McDonald, Todd Pulvino, Paula Tkac, participants at the Zell Center for Risk Research seminar at the Kellogg School of Management, the 2004 Hawaii International Conference on Business, the 2004 European Financial Management Association meetings, the JFE Conference on Delegated Portfolio Management in Eugene (Oregon), and seminar participants at HEC Montréal, and Tilburg University for their comments and suggestions. We would especially like to thank Ravi Jagannathan for numerous suggestions and many insightful discussions. We thank Morningstar, Inc. for providing us with the mutual fund data.


A linear relationship is found between the glass transition temperature Tg and the absolute value of the mixing enthalpy, |ΔHchem|, for bulk metallic glass systems. The increasing (or lowering) of Tg with an admixture of metals or other elements manifests itself in the larger (or smaller) of |ΔHchem| in a given system. The results indicate that the composition dependence of Tg results from the change of excess entropy (Sex) during thermal excitation. The |ΔHchem|, which relates to the strength of interaction among different atoms, corresponds to part of the Sex at Tg [Sex(Tg)]. The glass transition temperatures for Cu-Zr (Hf)-, Zr-Cu-, and La-Al-based glassy alloys are correlated with the interaction intensity between their based binary eutectic compositions, respectively.


This work concentrates on the effect of an irrotational forcing on a magnetized flow in the presence of rotation, baroclinicity, shear, or a combination of them. By including magnetic field in the model we can evaluate the occurrence of dynamo on both small and large scales. We aim at finding what are the minimum ingredients needed to trigger a dynamo instability and what is the relation between dynamo and the growth of vorticity. We use the Pencil code to run resistive MHD direct numerical simulations. We report no dynamo in all cases where only rotation is included, regardless on the equation of state. Conversely, the inclusion of a background sinusoidal shearing profile leads to an hydrodynamic instability that produces an exponential growth of the vorticity at all scales, starting from small ones. This is know as vorticity dynamo. The onset of this instability occurs after a rather long temporal evolution of several thousand turbulent turnover times. The vorticity dynamo in turn drives an exponential growth of the magnetic field, first at small scales, then also at large one. The instability then saturates and the magnetic field approximately reaches equipartition with the turbulent kinetic energy. During the saturation phase we can observe a winding of the magnetic field in the direction of the shearing flow. By varying the intensity of the shear we see that the growth rates of this instability change. The inclusion of the baroclinic term delays the onset of the vorticity dynamo but leads to a more rapid growth. We demonstrate how in the presence of shear, even a purely irrotational forcing amplifies the field to equipartition. At the same time, we confirm how this forcing alone does not lead to vorticity nor magnetic field growth, and this picture does not change in the presence of rotation or baroclinicity up to $256^3$ meshpoints.


This paper examines how the Chinese state's prenatal health care campaigns of the early 1950s attempted to redefine women's social and political roles. The replacement of local midwifing practices with a uniform birthing method in order to radically reduce infant and mother mortality entailed complex ramifications regarding the relationship of women vis-a-vis the state. Campaigns involved demonizing "traditional" midwifing, promoting a statistical vision of female reproductivity and children as national resources, and the isolation of individual mothers as directly responsible to the state for managing reproduction for the national interest. In sum, a physiological definition of gender was used to open women's bodies to state management. Utopic visions of painless childbirth and of the socialist nation as a giant new family were used to promote participation in grassroots campaigns, but the sources also point to forms of local resistance to the micro-level reorganization of power these campaigns intended.


Summary The effects of endotoxin given as a single dose into the superior mesenteric artery of the rabbit are presented. An ulcerative lesion develops in the colon which has the microscopic features of the classic Shwartzman phenomenon.


884 million people lacking access to safe drinking water, which contributes to 1.6 million deaths per year. This paper presents an application of Capacity Factor Analysis for the design of a rainwater harvesting system for Delmas 30, a small community in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Capacity Factor Analysis is a decision aid for the selection of sustainable water supply infrastructure in developing communities. First, Capacity Factor Analysis was used to asses the management capability of the community and identify sustainable decentralized water supply technology options for increased access to drinking water. Rainwater harvesting was selected from the set of viable technology options. Next, a three part rainwater harvesting and treatment facility was designed for a centrally located community center. This design was informed by the results of the decision model. The designed rainwater catchment system is estimated to provide an additional 125,600 gallons of clean drinking water to the community of Delmas 30. The creation of an implementation plan, training program, and educational curriculum, along with the establishment of local supply chains, will serve to address areas low capacity identified by the decision model.


The study was conducted longitudinally for six months on sixty 25 months old rural female children belonging to low socio-economic families. The sample which was drawn from six purposively selected villages of Ludhiana-I block of Ludhiana district was equally divided into two groups namely 'intervention' and 'control group'. The 'age-paced' intervention programme was conducted fornightly for a period of six months exclusively for the intervention group. The 'control' group children were not exposed to such a programme. Socioeconomic status of the families was ascertained by using Kulshrestha's Scale (SES 1981). The children were assessed for their motor and mental development by using Bayley Scale of Infant Development (BSID, 1961). The motor and mental performance of intervention group was significantly better as compared to control group. Increase in motor development scores with increase in age was relatively less in control group children when compared with intervention group. On the other hand, increase in mental development scores was much higher as compared to the increase in motor development scores in the intervention group than in the control group. The target children were grouped by their parent's education across different categories of developmental change (gain/no change/loss). The children whose mother-father were educated upto Matric level and belonged to service class showed maximum gains both in mental and motor development. The proportion of children who "gained" or registered "no change" decreased with other levels of education lower than matriculation. Highest proportion of children who incurred "loss" in developmental scores belonged to illiterate parents.


Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), also known as myositis, are rare autoimmune diseases, characterized by proximal muscle weakness and inflammatory cells in skeletal muscle tissue. The most common subgroups are polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM) and inclusion body myositis (IBM). New subgroups have been recognized, such as immunemediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM) and the antisynthetase syndrome (ASS). Autoantibodies are common and some of them specific for myositis. The most frequent is the anti-Jo-1 autoantibody, which is associated not only with myositis but also with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and arthritis. The etiology of IIM is still unknown but environmental and genetic factors are believed to contribute to disease susceptibility. Accumulating data indicate a role of the type I interferons (IFNs) in myositis.
   The treatment of IIM (glucocorticoids and immunomodulatory drugs) has limited effect. New treatments are needed, thus increased understanding of molecular disease mechanisms in IIM is required. The overall aim of my thesis was to get an increased understanding of molecular mechanisms that are involved in IIM with a focus on the type I IFN system, autoantibodies and mechanisms that may induce immune reactivity, to be able to subclassify patients. Several new observations were made. Firstly, we found that line blot is a suitable serological test in myositis and is a reliable alternative to more time-consuming assays such as immunoprecipitation (paper I). Secondly, we concluded that smoking is associated with IIM patients who are either anti-Jo-1 autoantibody and/or HLA-DRB1*03 positive (paper II). These associations point towards a gene-environment interaction in the pathogenesis for IIM. Thirdly, we found that a high IFN score was not only associated with the subset DM, as previously reported, and IBM, but also with autoantibody monospecificity against RNAbinding proteins or with autoantibody multispecificity (paper III). Furthermore, we identified IFN-α in sera as a trigger for activation of the type I IFN pathway in peripheral blood, which supports IFN-α as a possible target for therapy in these patients. Finally, we found that PM and DM are associated with dysregulation of endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) phenotype and function that may be attributed, at least in part, to aberrant IL-18 and type I IFN pathways (paper IV). In conclusion, this thesis confirms a role of the type I IFN system in myositis, especially in subgroups of patients, based on their autoantibody status, and implicates a relationship between the type I IFN system and endothelial disruption. Furthermore, smoking may be a trigger in the pathogenesis of IIM in genetic susceptible persons. However, the implication of our findings to disease prognosis and treatment remain to be determined. LIST OF SCIENTIFIC PAPERS I. A.Ghirardello, M.Rampudda, L.Ekholm, N.Bassi, E.Tarricone, S.Zampieri, M.Zen, G.A.Vattemi, I.E.Lundberg, A.Doria. Diagnostic performance and validation of autoantibody testing in myositis by a commercial line blot assay. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010;49(12):2370-4. II. H.Chinoy, S.Adimulam, F.Marriage, P.New, M.Vincze, E.Zilahi, A.Kapitány, A.Gyetvai, L.Ekholm, P.Novota, M.Remakova, P.Charles, N.J.McHugh, L.Padyukov, L.Alfredsson, J.Vencovsky, I.E. Lundberg, K.Danko, W.E.Ollier, R.G.Cooper. Interaction of HLA-DRB1*03 and smoking for the development of anti-Jo1 antibodies in adult idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: a European-wide case study. Ann Rheum Dis, 2012;71(6):961-5. III. L.Ekholm*, S.Vosslamber*, A.Tjärnlund, T.D. de Jong, Z. Betteridge, N.McHugh, L.Plestilova, M.Klein, L.Padyukov, A.E.Voskuyl, I.E.M. Bultink, D.M.Pegtel, C.P.Mavragani, M.K.Crow, J.Vencovsky, I.E.Lundberg, C.L.Verweij. Autoantibody specificities and type I Interferon pathway activation in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. Scand J Immunol. 2016;84(2):100-9. IV. L.Ekholm*, J.M. Kahlenberg*, S.Barbasso Helmers, A.Tjärnlund, S. Yalavarthi, W.Zhao, N.Seto, Z.Betteridge, I.E.Lundberg, M.J.Kaplan. Dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells is associated with the type I Interferon pathway in patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016;doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kew288 (E-pub ahead of print). *The authors contributed equally to the work CONTENTS


Eukaryotic genes are contained within a higher order complex of DNA and histones called chromatin. Although packaging of DNA into chromatin provides the means for compaction of the entire genome to fit in the nucleus, it restricts the access of the many regulatory proteins required for essential biological processes such as DNA replication, transcription, and recombination. The chromatin, however, is not a static structure, but rather a dynamic assembly that condenses and decondenses (remodeling) in response to specific signals during cell life. Chromatin remodeling requires a specific set of enzymes that modify the nucleosome, the building block of chromatin. These enzymes fall into two classes: the first includes ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activities that use energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to alter nucleosomal structure and/or arrangement, whereas the second class includes enzymes that add acetyl groups to the histone N termini. This thesis has described that DNA repair is also hindered by chromatin structure and requires a subset of chromatin remodeling enzymes from each class to optimally occur. In the promoter region, chromatin remodeling enzymes are dictated by sequence-specific activators, resulting in facilitated damage removal in the proximity of transcription initiation site. The mechanism of this preferential repair is independent of transcription machinery and transcription per se, although two events pass on the same template. Furthermore, transcriptionally inactive activator accomplishes the stimulation of repair by binding to its cognate sequences. It is likely that the function of activators is dual : (i) they help to derepress chromatin, a step common to DNA processes, (ii) in parallel or subsequently, and possibly in a cooperative manner according to activities demanded by the surrounding DNA, they recruit specific factors involved in transcription, DNA repair or replication.


Dialogue teaching has recently been a focus in the field of education,and quite a few scholars have done a wealth of relevant studies on such aspects as theories of dialogue teaching,quality,implementing strategies,etc.But it is not enough for researchers to summarize only the previous experience and expound its theories.Exploratory ideology exchange and corresponding reflection on practice are the effective approach to researches on dialogue teaching.


Objectives of the study are to find out the incidence of beta-haemolytic bacterial infection of throat, nose, and ear, to identify various beta-haemolytic isolates and to study antibiotic susceptibility pattern of various beta haemolytic isolates. A total of 53 symptomatic patients attended ENT OPD among which 12 were children and 41 were adults. A total of 35 throat swabs, 5 nasal swabs and 13 ear swabs were collected from the patients with symptoms of pharyngitis or nasal discharge or ear discharge. Out of 53 samples, culture for β-haemolysis was positive in 23 samples. Out of 53 samples, culture was positive in 23 samples with throat swab positive in 13 samples, ear swab positive in 8 samples and nasal swab positive in 2 samples. Twenty strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 2 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 1 strain of Streptococcus pyogenes were isolated. The isolation rate of S. aureus was found to be statistically significant when compared between the isolation rate of S.aureus and P. aeruginosa and isolation rate of S.aureus and S. pyogens . Four isolates of S. aureus were sensitive to penicillin, 2 isolates were moderately sensitive and fourteen isolates were resistant. Eleven strains of S. aureus were sensitive to methicillin. Methicillin resistant was seen in 9 strains of S. aureus. The single strain of S. pyogenes isolated was either moderately sensitive or resistant to the used antibiotics, it was not sensitive to any of the used antibiotics. It was moderately sensitive to amoxiclave, clarithromycin, erythromycin and resistant to clindamycin and cefuroxime. 100% strains of P. aeruginosa were resistant to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, tobramycin and the strains were sensitive only to imipenem (100%).


This work deals with the cationic ring-opening polymerization of the cyclic thiocarbonates 5-benzoyloxymethyl-5-methyl-1,3-dioxane-2-thione (1), 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-2-thione (2), and 4-benzoyloxymethyl-1,3-dioxane-2-thione (3). The polymerization was carried out with 2 mol % trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, boron trifluoride etherate, or triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate as the initiator to afford the polythiocarbonate with a narrow molecular weight distribution accompanying isomerization of the thiocarbonate group. The molecular weight of the obtained polymer could be controlled by the feed ratio of the monomer to the initiator and increased when the second monomer was added to the polymerization mixture after the quantitative consumption of the monomer in the first stage. The block copolymerization of 2 and 3 was also achieved, and this supported the idea that the cationic ring-opening polymerization of these monomers proceeded via a living process. The order of the polymerization rate was 3 > 2 > 1. The cationic ring-opening polymerization of 1 and 3 involved the neighboring group participation of ester groups according to the polymerization rate and molecular orbital calculations with the ab initio method. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 185–195, 2003


Many civil service positions are associated with required formal qualifications yet there is little evidence that such qualifications are related to performance, particularly in developing country contexts where such requirements are often enforced loosely. More interestingly, findings are mixed and controversial. In this paper, I develop a structural model that I estimate using individual-level survey data combined with audit reports stemming from 45 Beninese Local Administrations to explore bureaucratic performance. I find that Skill-Position Matching (i.e. appointing or hiring the required qualification to the position is required) is what matters the most for individual bureaucrat to performance better. Findings are robust to a set of controls and survive a number of specifications. Moreover, I address potential bias from selection on unobservables, and using an exogenous variation in skill-position matching, I perform a placebo to establish the causal relationship between skill-position adequacy and performance. Overall, evidence supports the view that policies that enhance civil service regulation and offset local politicians' power in both hiring and appointment decision are keys to improving bureaucratic performance.


A total of 19 psychrophilic bacteria were isolated from deep sea sediment of Bering Sea,Arctic.The identification and phylogenetic analysis of these psychrophiles were carried out based on the comparison of 16S rDNA gene sequences.The phylogenetic relationship was compared among the psychrophiles isolated from deep sea sediment of Arctic and the tropical western Pacific "warm pool" area.The results showed that most of the arctic psychrophilic bacteria belonged to γ-proteobacteria,and the rest belonged to α-proteobacteria and gram-positive bacteria.The dominant genera of these bacteria were Pseudoalteromonas,Pseudomonas and Shewanella that belonged to γ-proteobacteria.Comparing with the psychrophilic bacteria isolated from the sediment of tropical western Pacific,Pseudoalteromonas and Pseudomonas were two universal genera in these two sea area,while the genus Shewanella only isolated from the Arctic Ocean.The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the psychrophilic bacteria isolated from sediment of Arctic and the western Pacific were located in the independent clade separately,some of them constitute an individual clade completely.These results possible suggested that the habitation and evolution of psychrophilic bacteria were affected by the environment.


Practice teaching of law major is an important way to train and improve the legal practice ability of law students and cultivate applied legal talents, and it is an important part of law education. The importance of practical teaching is particularly prominent in the current transformation of colleges and universities. At present, the practical teaching of law majors in local colleges and universities in China generally has disadvantages such as single teaching mode, serious formalization tendency and poor teaching effectiveness. The application of LETS system, a new experimental teaching system of law, has achieved this goal. The main purpose of studying and innovating the practical teaching system of law under the background of the reform of examination is to establish a scientific, reasonable and feasible practical teaching system of law, build an educational platform integrating legal knowledge, ability and quality, and realize the benign interaction and coordinated development between judicial examination and practical teaching system of law.


The Anthropocene affects how we manage the environment in many ways, perhaps most importantly by undermining how past conditions act as baselines for future expectations. In a period when historical analogues become less meaningful, we need to forge new practices and methods of environmental monitoring and management, including how to categorize, manage, and analyze the deluge of environmental data. In particular, we need practices to detect emerging hazards, changing baselines, and amplified risk. Some current data practices, however, especially the designation and dismissal of outliers, might mislead efforts to better adapt to new environmental conditions. In this article we ask these questions: What are the politics of determining what counts as "abnormal" and is worthy of exclusion in an era of the ever-changing "normal"? What do data exclusions, often in the form of outliers, do to our ability to understand and regulate in the Anthropocene? We identify a recursive process of distortion at play where constructing categories of abnormal–normal allows for the exclusion of "outliers" from data sets, which ultimately produces a false rarity and hides environmental changes. To illustrate this, we draw on a handful of examples in regulatory science and management, including the Exceptional Event Rule of the Clean Air Act, beach erosion models for nourishment projects, and the undetected ozone hole. We conclude with a call for attention to the construction of "normal" and "abnormal" events, systems, data, and natures in the Anthropocene.


There have been ever burgeoning interests in artificial double stranded oligomers, polymers as well as supramolecular systems to mimic DNA chemistry. Chelation to metal ions, complexation through hydrogen-bonding, p–p stacking, or inclusion complexes are typical strategies for the construction of the helical double stranded oligomers. Ladder-like organic polymers with two strands connected by covalent, dative or ionic bonds have been briefly explored. Only a handful of double stranded polymers has been identified unambiguously to be helical. Stereoselective controls of the chirality of polymers leading to one-handed helical morphology can readily be achieved by incorporating a chiral auxiliary. Cooperative phenomena with an amplification of chirality have been shown to offer a powerful platform for the formation of helical polymers or supramolecules of single chirality. We recently reported the synthesis and characterisation of a double stranded bisnorbornene polymer 1 by ring opening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) of the corresponding monomer 2. The characteristics of 1 includes a rapid equilibrium among helical, supercoil and ladder conformations. Preliminary molecular dynamics–molecular mechanics calculations suggest that the helical conformation in 1might be more strained than the supercoil and ladder structures. The spacing between each monomeric unit in 1 is about 5.5 Å. Electrochemical oxidation of 1 and related polymers suggested that all neighbouring monomeric units in these polymers may strongly interact with each other. It is envisaged that incorporation of substituent(s) onto the covalently bound ferrocene linker in 1may lead to a conformational change so that the morphology of the polymers may be defined due to cooperative interactions between neighbouring monomeric units. Indeed, we recently found that unsymmetrical double stranded polymer 3, where the two polymeric strands are complimentary to each other, has a ladder-like structure, neither a helical nor supercoil structure being observed. Rational design and synthesis of double stranded polymers or supramolecular systems with predictable helicity remain to be a challenge. In this paper, we wish to report a systematic tuning of the chiral substituents in the ferrocene linker leading to morphological changes in the behaviour of double stranded bisnorbornene polymers.


Numerous candidate APU concepts are considered, each meeting the space shuttle APU problem statement. Evaluation of these concepts indicates that the optimum concept is a hydrogen-oxygen APU incorporating a recuperator to utilize the exhaust energy and using the cycle hydrogen flow as a means of cooling the component heat loads. A preliminary design of the selected APU concept is presented, placing primary emphasis on the cycle thermal management and the controls. Results for both steady state and transient APU performance are also included, based on digital computer programs developed during the study. The selected APU provides up to 400 hp out of the gearbox, has a fixed weight of about 277 lb, and requires about 2 lb/shp-hr of propellants.


The controlled formation of curved, three-dimensional (3-D) microstructures can be accomplished through solidification from a liquid phase. As a demonstration, we have placed objects in contact with the interface of a photopolymerizable liquid and air to create various liquid menisci that were subsequently solidified with ultraviolet radiation. Geometric control is achieved through variation of physical and environmental parameters; for example, solidified menisci formed at 25/spl deg/C were 300 /spl mu/m taller than those formed at 7/spl deg/C. Comparisons between the polymerized structures and theoretical predictions for liquid menisci indicate that the polymerization process results in repeatable changes in contact angle and meniscus size.


Objective To observe the effect of the six kinds of anti-hypertensive medications on the man's sexual function Methods Two hundred and forty essential hypertension patients were divided into six groups randomly Patients of Hyd group received Hydrochlorothiazide; Bet group received Betaxolol ;Nif SR group were given SR Nifedipin; Lis group were given Lisinopril; Valsartan were given to Val group; and Urapidil was given to Ura group All patients' blood pressure had been controlled The treatment persisted for twenty six weeks Sexual function were evaluated by《Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory for Urology O'Leary 1995》at the ,6,10,18,22,26 weekends Results The worst effect on sexual function was found in Bet group; hydrochlorothiazide and SR Nifedipin have some negative effect ( P 0 01 or 0 05) Lisinopril and Urapidil was sho no effect on sexual function Valsartan can distinctively improve man's sexual function Conclusion some kinds of anti hypertensive medicine have negative effect on man's sexual function Betaxolol, hydrochlorothiazide and SR nifedipin seem to have the significant worse adverse effect, while lisinopril and urapidil have no notable side effect Valsartan appears to have positive effect on sexual function


In this paper, we investigate the performance of a dual-hop multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) amplifyand-forward (AF) relay network, where the source, relay and destination are all equipped with multiple antennas. By using maximal-ratio-transmission (MRT) and maximal-ratio combining (MRC) at the transmitter and receiver, respectively, we first obtain the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the dual-hop AF relay system with multiple co-channel interferences (CCIs) and noise at the relay. Then, we derive exact closed-form expression for the outage probability (OP), and the asymptotic result of average symbol error rate (SER) at high SNR. Finally, computer simulations are provided to validate the performance analysis. Our new analytical expressions not only provide a fast and efficient method to evaluate the system performance, but also enable us to gain valuable insights into the effects of key parameters on the MIMO AF relaying benefit from implementing multiple antennas at each of the three nodes.


Already in his Logical Investigations Husserl is opposing consciousness and the world and raising the question of an objective, "true" existence of the world beyond phenomenological research. This opposition becomes increasingly radical in Husserl's subsequent works, especially in his early and mature periods. For Husserl, phenomenology is not simply about "bracketing" any conditions concerning the existence or nonexistence of the world; it is also designed to carry out a kind of "deworlding" of consciousness, which allows for revealing it not as a thing or a part of the world, but as a nonobjective condition for any real existence. The critical question from which the author proceeds is the extent to which the opposition of consciousness and the world understood in the above way could be retained in situations where the main topic of phenomenology becomes the primordial relatedness of consciousness and the world (as determined by late Husserl in his concept of "life-world") (Lebenswelt) or of the world and human existence (described by Heidegger as "being-in-the-world") (In-der-Welt-sein). Thus the author examines the problem of the phenomenological relevance of understanding the world as the object of possible consciousness and as a collection of things. Relying on concepts introduced by Husserl and Heidegger the author demonstrates an inseparable relationship between two seemingly conflicting trains of thought in phenomenology: the "deworlding" of consciousness or human existence (understood as the impossibility of reducing them to worldly things) and the revelation of possessing the world as their essential feature, on which basis phenomenology attempts to overcome the classic notion of the objective world in itself.


This paper introduces the function,structure and alarm principles of the breakout prediction system installed for continuous casting in Baosteel's No.2 Steelmaking Plant.It elaborates on four parameters in the alarm logic,including the temperature changing rate,temperature difference,temperature fluctuation and temperature match of thermocouples.This paper also explains the causes of different disturbances within the breakout prediction system,and the methods used to prevent and eliminate disturbances from radiation,earth,crosstalk,temperature drift and time drift.Finally,the paper summarizes some potential applications of the above technology.


A method and an apparatus for fabricating digital yarn using metal filaments for information and communication and digital yarn fabricated by the same are provided to reduce yarn-cutting phenomenon generated during a yarn fabrication process, by improving strength and extension property of the digital yarn. In a method for fabricating digital yarn using metal filaments for information and communication, a number of metal filaments are supplied. The metal filaments are heated and become flexible. A sliver is formed by drafting and cutting the flexible metal filaments. Cotton yarn is formed by drawing and heating the sliver. The cotton yarn are wound around a bobbin(22). The cotton yarn is coated with water-proof material and electromagnetic interference shielding material while being untied from the bobbin. The coated cotton yarn is dried. The cotton yarn is covered by general fiber yarn.


Crohn's Disease (CD) is characterized by dysregulated intestinal inflammation with an unknown etiology. Intestinal fibrosis is a major pathophysiological complication of CD with features that include an overproduction of collagen, excessive contraction of intestine tissue, and intestinal stricture. Fibroblasts are mesenchymal cells that produce the excess collagen resulting in the aforementioned fibrosis. We have shown that intestinal fibroblasts express a variety of immune receptors. A reduction in CD36 (membrane‐bound and scavenger receptor that is an indicator of inflammation and interacts with TLR‐2, 4, and 6) on the surface of fibroblast results in a statistically significant reduction in transmigration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) toward such fibroblasts. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was administered to CD36‐deficient mice and age‐matched controls; DSS typically results in intestinal inflammation that is similar to that observed in Crohn's Disease. Results indicated that mouse PMN were less vigorous in their capacity to migrate toward fibroblasts and there was less inflammation observed in both the large and small intestine of CD36‐deficient mice. Results suggest that CD36 may play a prominent role in the inflammatory responses of fibroblasts in the intestine and highlight CD36 as a potential target receptor in the treatment of aberrant mucosal inflammation, which leads to fibrosis.


Porous glasses (PGs) obtained from sodium borosilicate (NBS) phase-separated glasses via leaching are promising inorganic membranes. Introducing Fe2O3 into NBS glasses imparts ferrimagnetic properties due to magnetite crystallization. Leaching of such glasses leads to the formation of magnetic PGs with interesting electro-surface characteristics. This work aimed to investigate the process of obtaining magnetite-containing PGs from NBS glasses depending on silica content, using XRPD and Raman spectroscopy, studying the PG membranes' structural characteristics and their sorption properties with respect to methylene blue (MB). Obtained PGs were characterized by a polymodal distribution of mesopores and a small number of micropores with specific surface area values of 32–135 m2/g and an average mesopore diameter of 5–41 nm. The kinetic data were analyzed using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intra-particle diffusion equations. The equilibrium isotherms were fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. MB adsorption was found to be a complex process. The glass with the highest specific surface area demonstrated the maximum sorption capacity (10.5 mg/g). The pore size of PGs allowed them to be considered potential novel magnetic membranes for ultrafiltration.


In this paper, the effect of aluminum oxide, Al2O3, nanoparticles' inclusion into Epocast 50-Al/946 epoxy adhesive at different temperatures, subjected to quasi-static tensile loading, is numerically investigated. The single-lap adhesive joint with two different types of material adherends (composite fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) and aluminum (Al) 5083 adherends) and adhesive Epocast 50-A1/hardener 946 were modeled in ABAQUS/CAE. A numerical methodology was proposed to analyze the effect on peel stress and shear stress by adding Al2O3 nanoparticles into the neat adhesive at 25 °C, 50 °C, and 75 °C temperatures at four different locations of the adhesive regions: the interface of the adhesive and aluminum adherend (location A), the middle plane of the adhesive region (location B), the middle longer edge (along the length of the adhesive, location C), and the middle shorter edge (along the width of the adhesive, location D). The results showed that adding nanoparticles into the neat adhesive improves joint strength at room and elevated temperatures. High peel and shear stresses were recorded near both edges of the locations (A, B, C, and D). For location A, adding nanofillers into the adhesive resulted in the reduction in peak peel stress by 1.3% for 25 °C; however, it increased by 2.7% and 10.7% for 50 °C and 75 °C temperatures, respectively. Furthermore, the peak shear stress observed a considerable reduction of 19.6% for 25 °C, but it increased by 7.7% and 8.7% for 50 °C and 75 °C temperatures, respectively, for location A. The same trend was also observed for other locations (i.e., B, C, and D). This signified that adding aluminum oxide nanoparticles in the adhesive resulted in increased stiffness at higher temperatures and increased ductility of the joint, as compared to the joint with neat adhesives at room temperature. Moreover, it was observed that locations A and B were more vulnerable to damage initiation, as the peak of stresses lay near the edges, indicating that the crack initiation would take place close to the edges and propagate towards the center, leading to ultimate failure.


The present invention provides a method for automatically checking whether the reaction chamber of the gas phase deposition equipment leaks. The existing technique always checks whether the reaction chamber of the gas phase deposition equipment leaks by manually starting a program to check whether the reaction chamber leaks after maintaining the apparatus, which exists the problems of long interval for checking, uneven interval and being affected by human factors, which is difficult for effectively checking the leakage of the reaction chamber and avoiding the damage caused by the leakage. The method for automatically checking whether the reaction chamber of the gas phase deposition equipment leaks in the present invention firstly senses whether the starting condition of automatically checking whether the reaction chamber of the gas phase deposition equipment leaks is satisfied, when the condition is satisfied, starts a program for checking whether the reaction chamber leaks to check the leakage; finally, outputs the result of leakage. Adopting the method in the present invention is able to effectively check the leakage status of the reaction chamber and avoid the economic losses caused by the leakage.


The elution mechanism of rare earth elements in cation exchange resin which was substituted with as a retaining ion had been investigated. Rare earths or rare earths-EDTA complex solution was loaded on the top of resin bed and eluted with 0.0269M EDTA solution. When the rare earth-EDTA complex was adsorbed on the resin form, retaining ion was complexed with EDTA and liberated rare earths was adsorbed in the resin again. Adsorbed rare earths in resin phase could be eluted by the complexation reaction with EDTA eluent. On resin form, the rare earth-EDTA complex which had negative charge could not adsorbed on the cation exchange resin because the complexation reaction between and EDTA was impossible. So the elution time was much shorter than in resin form. When the rare earths solution was loaded on the resin form bed, rare earths was adsorbed in the resin and the retaining ion was liberated. Adsorbed rare earths in resin bed was exchanged by EDTA eluent forming rare earths-EDTA complex, and eluted through these processes. On resin form, rare earths loaded was adsorbed by exchange reaction with . As the EDTA eluent was added, rare earths was liberated from resin forming negatively charged rare earth-EDTA complex and eluted without any exchange reaction. So the elution time was greatly shortened and there was no metallic ion except rare earths in effluent. When the was used as retaining ion, the pH of efflent was decreased seriousely because the liberated from EDTA molecule.


Objective To investigate the serum levels change of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during operation of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods 120 cases of NSCLC patient diagnosed by pathology as well as with operation indication were selected as the experimental group. The patients selected were required without any chemotherapy or radiotherapy before operation, besides that, they should have good compliance and free will to be examined. During the process of experiment, 60 cases concluded as healthy in the physical examination were chosen as control group. The correlative information of the experimental group were collected including periphery blood specimen collected in 3 days before the operation, and of the 1st day, 7th day and 30th day after the operation while the periphery blood specimen of control group were collected. The serum levels of VEGF were detected by adopting enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results The serum levels of VEGF in NSCLC patients before operation, of the first postoperative day, of the seventh postoperative day and of the thirtieth postoperative day were significantly higher than that in healthy people (P<0.01), respectively (279.14±44.89)μg/L, (282.70±42.74) μg/L, (353.79±44.55) μg/L, (178.40±43.43) μg/L and (91.40±16.55) μg/L. The serum levels of VEGF in NSCLC patients showed positive correlation with the stages (P<0.01). Conclusion The serum levels of VEGF in NSCLC patients scale up. At the same time it shows positive correlation with the stages of the primary tumor. The serum levels of VEGF in NSCLC patients scales up by degrees in one week after the operation, and drop one month later.

Key words:
Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung;  Vascular endothelial growth factor;  Operation


Several mitochondrial diseases are known to occasionally involve the cerebral white matter, but in these cases the major findings are involved in the basal ganglia and brainstem. We report a case of diffuse white matter involvement in an infant with mitochondrial disease that was diagnosed via mitochondrial DNA analysis. Mitochondrial disease should be considered in the diagnosis of diffuse leukoencephalopathy in infancy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007


This special copy has received little scholarly attention in spite of its royal destination and its unusual artistic features.2 The production of the printed Great Bible, of which Marler's presentation copy is one version, was set in motion by an injunction on 5 September 1538 from Henry VIII's Lord Privy Seal, Thomas Cromwell, to the English clergy: Item, that ye shall provide on thisside the feast of all sainctes next cummyng, one boke of the hole bible of the largest volume in english, and the same sett upp in sum convenient place within the said churche that ye have cure of where as your parishoners may most commodiously resorte to the same and reade yt.3 The 'Great Bible', as it became known due to its large size, was the first royally commissioned printed Bible in English. Its titlepage illustration was a key instrument in conveying a fundamental political message: that papal authority over the church in England had been replaced by Henry VIII's


The bonding energy for silicon direct bonding,as a function of the annealing temperature and time,depends on the density of the bond species.Activation energy is a critical factor influencing the bonding behavior.One to the existance of two different activation energies,the bonding energy increaes with the annealing temperature in two steps.Wafer pairs with bonding interface being native oxide or thermal oxide have different bonding behavior in the annealing process,which were investigated and compared.With the temperature increasing,the bonding energy of the native oxide interface increases much more rapidly than that of the thermal oxide interface.The saturation time of bonding energy closely correlates with the activation energy at a given annealing temperature.


We have demonstrated a stimulated photoluminescence (PL) at 694 and 692nm whose emission peak has a Lorentzian shape with a full width at half maximum of 0.5–0.6nm. This stimulated emission comes from the nanostructures on porous silicon oxidized fabricated by irradiation and annealing treatment. Controlling the time of annealing can produce a good coherent emission. A model has been proposed for explaining the stimulated emission in which the trap states of the interface between oxide of silicon and porous nanocrystal play an important role. Calculation shows that trap electronic states appear in the energy gap of the smaller nanocrystal when SiO bonds or Si–O–Si bonds are formed. In the theoretical model, the most important factor in the enhancement and pinning effect of PL emission is the relative position between the level of the trap states and the level of the photoexcitation in the silicon nanocrystal.


We study the problem of sensor placement, when the set of sensors are interrogated sequentially to detect a target employing evading actions. We model the sensor management problem as a two stage game between the observer and the target: in the first stage sensor locations are chosen by the observer, in the second stage the observer and the target choose open-loop control strategies to optimize error exponent for the probability of mis-detection with opposing interests. Therefore the observer chooses the sensor locations to optimize the value function of the game played in the second stage. We propose a computationally efficient gradient descent method to iteratively refine the sensor locations for maximizing the value function using the envelope theorem.


vestigations in Greenland instructed the writer to carry out excavations in West Greenland in the summer of I929.1 Upernivik district was chosen as the field of operations. The most northerly district in West Greenland, it has an especial interest as being the first place occupied by the Eskimos migrating into the country. Furthermore, I had received information about a particular site, the island of Inugsuk, which made me wish to investigate it as soon as possible. Dr. Holger Andersen, district physician in Upernivik in I927-I928, in presenting the National Museum with a collection of I50 specimens from Inugsuk, directed my attention to this place. Here, he reported, was an Eskimo kitchen midden about two meters thick, which the sea was fast washing away. The late Pastor Rossen of Upernivik thought he had found at Inugsuk a Norse dwelling site. And the Norsemen had built a beacon on the neighboring island of Kingigtorssuaq and made a runic inscription on a stone which was brought to the National Museum over a century ago. The expedition proved most successful. The find at Inugsuk gives us an idea of how much interesting scientific material lies hidden in Greenland's frozen soil, holding the key to many unsolved problems of the country and its Eskimo population. During the past ten years special interest has been aroused in Eskimo archeology. Dr. Knud Rasmussen's Fifth Thule Expedition conducted archeological investigations in the central part of the territory occupied by the Eskimos, especially north and west of Hudson Bay. They led to the discovery of the now vanished Thule culture.2 Canadian expeditions made excavations along the eastern


Numerous as they are in emergency psychiatry settings and hard to treat, suicidal patients with personality disorders present clinicians with extraordinarily difficult challenges. This review focuses on recent developments in our understanding of personality disorder in relation to suicidal behaviour, and on new methods and models for clinical management and treatment aimed at reducing suicidal behaviour in patients with personality disorders.


Objective: To investigate the efficacy of zinc supplementation treatment besides conventional therapy on the basis of observation of the change of serum microelement levels of children with Rotavirus enteritis. Methods: The venous blood was collected from 176 cases of children with Rotavirus enteritis and 134 cases of healthy children at the age ranging from 6 months to 2 years from September 1,2013 to January 31,2014 and the levels of serum microelement,including zinc,ferrum,calcium,magnesium and copper were detected respectively. The 176 children with Rotavirus enteritis were randomly divided into control group( 80 cases),which received conventional therapy like oral rehydration salts,intestinal mucosa protector and probiotics,and treatment group( 96 cases),in which oral zinc gluconate was adopted in addition to the conventional therapy.The serum microelement levels and total effective rate were compared. Results: The level of serum zinc of children with Rotavirus enteritis was lower than that of the healthy children,the difference with statistical significance( P 0. 05); The levels of serum ferrum,calcium and magnesium of them were lower than those of the healthy children,but there was no statistic significance between the two groups( P 0. 05); The level of serum copper of them was higher than that of the healthy children,but the difference had no statistical significance( P 0. 05). The total effective rate in the Zinc supplementation treatment group was higher than that in the control group on a statistically significant difference( P 0. 05). Conclusions: The level of serum Zinc of children with Rotavirus enteritis is lower than that of the healthy children. Zinc supplementation treatment,combined with the diarrhea conventional therapy,can markedly enhance curative effects.


Considering that the nonlinear photoinduced phase shift to a Gaussian beam in a thin sample of nonlocal nonlinear media can be modeled as a Gaussian function to some real power the far-field can be calculated using the Fraunhofer integral. In this paper we calculate numerically this integral to obtain the on-axis intensity in a Z-scan experiment or the intensity pattern in a self-phase modulation experiment. Experimental results of samples under cw illumination are fitted using the model with a good correspondence between experimental and numerical results. The model presented is adequate to describe samples with any magnitude of the maximum nonlinear photoinduced phase shift of purely refractive local or nonlocal nonlinear thin media.


As a result of the wars undertaken in Iraq and Afghanistan by the George W. Bush administration, the United States has taken on a responsibility to reconstruct the political and economic institutions of these countries. This responsibility has been carried out through provincial reconstruction teams that operate at the local level to rebuild the societies shattered by war. In conceptual terms, the responsibility increasingly reflects the new emphasis on reconstruction and stabilization operations laid out in the State Department's 2011 Quadrennial Defense and Development Review, which sets the groundwork for future interventions both to prevent states from failing and to rebuild states devastated by war or natural disaster. The ambitious nature of this strategy suggests a new age of American imperialism under which the "responsibility to protect" of the 1990s may become the "responsibility to fix" of the twenty-first century.


In this paper the differential equations which govern the motion of a spherical projectile rotating about an arbitrary axis in the presence of an arbitrary 'wind' are developed. Three forces are assumed to act on the projectile: (i) gravity, (ii) a drag force proportional to the square of the projectile's velocity and in the opposite direction to this velocity and (iii) a lift or 'Magnus' force also assumed to be proportional to the square of the projectile's velocity and in a direction perpendicular to both this velocity and the angular velocity vector of the projectile. The problem has been coded in Matlab and some illustrative model trajectories are presented for 'ball-games', specifically golf and cricket, although the equations could equally well be applied to other ball-games such as tennis, soccer or baseball. Spin about an arbitrary axis allows for the treatment of situations where, for example, the spin has a component about the direction of travel. In the case of a cricket ball the subtle behaviour of so-called 'drift', particularly 'late drift', and also 'dip', which may be produced by a slow bowler's off or leg-spin, are investigated. It is found that the trajectories obtained are broadly in accord with those observed in practice. We envisage that this paper may be useful in two ways: (i) for its inherent scientific value as, to the best of our knowledge, the fundamental equations derived here have not appeared in the literature and (ii) in cultivating student interest in the numerical solution of differential equations, since so many of them actively participate in ball-games, and they will be able to compare their own practical experience with the overall trends indicated by the numerical results. As the paper presents equations which can be further extended, it may be of interest to research workers. However, since only the most basic principles of fundamental mechanics are employed, it should be well within the grasp of first year university students in physics and engineering and, with the guidance of teachers, good final year secondary school students. The trajectory results included may be useful to sporting personnel with no formal training in physics.


Objective: To observe the clinical effects of acupuncture combined with Xueshuantong Injection in the treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease recovery.Methods: 102 patients suffered from ischemic cerebrovascular diseases were randomly divided into control group(acupuncture) and treatment group(acupuncture and Xueshuantong Injection),51 patients in each group.The clinical efficacy and neurologic impairment were assessed at 2 course of treatment(14 d of 1 course),the clinical effects and the degree of neurologic impairment of two group were evaluated.Results: There were 9 cases were basically recovered,24 cases had obvious effect,12 cases had effect,and the total effective rate was significantly improved in treatment group than that in control group(P0.05).The degree of neurologic impairment of treatment group was obviously reduced than that of control group(P0.05).Conclusion: Acupuncture combined with Xueshuantong Injection can significantly inhibit neurologic impairment and improve the clinical efficacy for patients of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases.


The past four years have witnessed a growing awareness of the need for adequate global data to extend the useful range of numerical weather forecasts. This arises, at least in part, from the experience of the Global Weather Experiment: that the tropics greatly influence mid-latitude weather and climate. Furthermore, in terms of climate analysis and forecasting, it is essential that the vast oceans of the tropics and Southern Hemisphere be well observed. These requirements make the use of satellite-based remote sensing essential.


Abstract The ability of Lactobacillus plantarum for biological treatment of dairy wastewater was investigated using a response surface method. The effects of three culture condition parameters of temperature (24.93–40.07°C), pH (4.3–6.7), and agitation rate (99.5–200.5 rpm) on the removal efficiency of sugar, total protein content (TPC), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the wastewater were studied. For each response parameter, a second-order polynomial model versus independent variables (p < 0.0001) was determined and statistically obtained with high coefficient of determination values (R2 > 0.95). Numerical optimization defined the optimum treatment conditions for achieving the highest removal efficiency was temperature of 28°C, pH of 5.03, and agitation rate of 147.51 rpm. Under the optimum condition, the removal efficiency values for sugar, TPC, and COD were predicted to be 72.18%, 54.51%, and 78.99%, respectively.


The modification and use of the Nextal crystallization device for checking the diffraction quality of protein crystals in situ is described. Using the modified device, crystals in the crystallization drop can be exposed to X-rays directly to observe the diffraction quality without physical damage to the crystal. If the crystals in the drop are well separated, not only the resolution limit of the crystal is estimated, but also determination of the space group and the cell parameters is possible.


Rate constants for OH(X 2Πi, v=1–3) vibrational relaxation induced by nonreactive collision with O2 have been measured. OH(v) is created by the H+O3 →OH(v≤9)+O2 reaction in an electron‐irradiated O3, H2, Ar mixture. OH(v) fundamental and first overtone IR emission is observed using time‐resolved Fourier spectroscopy. Spectral fitting followed by kinetic fitting of the resultant populations using a single‐quantum relaxation model yields rate constants of kv=1 =(1.3±0.4)×10−13, kv=2=(2.1±0.3)×10−13, kv=3=(2.9±0.8) ×10−13 (all units are in cm3 /s). Our measurements are consistent with and extend published results on the same system, as well as predictions made by Schwartz–Slawsky–Herzfeld theory.


This paper first expounds the developing targets and major tasks of modern agriculture ,and then analyzes the problems and drawbacks of the Chinese modern agriculture,and finally,the author concludes the key technologies that our modern agriculture should abopt.


IN view of certain peculiarities in the relation of the velocity of hydrolysis of starch by the amylase of germinated barley to its concentration [Eadie, 1926], it was decided to investigate the relations which hold in the case of liver amylase and glycogen, in the hope of throwing more light on the physiology of glycogen in the liver and the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Early in this work the disconcerting fact was disclosed that the optimum hydrogen ion concentration varied with the preparation used, and was now at PH 7 and now at PH 6. Earlier workers have uniformly stated it to be about pH 7 (see for example, Holmbergh [1923], who gives references to the earlier papers), although careful search of the literature shows that this has not always been justified by their results. During the course of these experiments a paper by Davenport [1926] was published in which this peculiarity was noticed when liver amylase acted on starch. Since the liver preparations used contained more or less blood, it seemed possible that there were really two or more amylases present. The amylase of the blood [Euler, 1922] is probably derived for the most part from the pancreas, and pancreatic amylase has an optimum about PH 7. This suggested that the more alkaline optimum in the case of the liver preparations was due to amylase derived from the blood present in the liver, and that the liver amylase itself was responsible for the more acid optimum.


This is a well produced hardback book. Chapter titles are: Basic principles, Equilibrium thermodynamics and kinetics, Acid-base equilibria, Oxidation-reduction reactions, Carbon chemistry, Isotopes, Environmental mineralogy, The atmospheric environment, The continental environment, The marine environment. Appendices are: Electronic structure and valences of the elements, Standard state (298.1 K, 105 Pa) thermodynamic data (for the elements, ions and solid phases), Ionic radii for different ions and, a Piper diagram outline. Finally there are answers to selected numerical questions posed in the text and a comprehensive index. Lest the purchaser feel short-changed by the above, the inside front cover contains a periodic table and the inside back cover a potpourri of SI units, constants and conversion factors. Individual chapters are clearly written and contain a fair number of black and white diagrams as well as data tables, worked example calculations, case studies illustrating the concepts about which the chapter is concerned and a large number of questions and problems. Refreshingly for an American book the case studies are selected from across the world. Numerical answers for some of the end of chapter problem questions are given at the end of book; a 'Solutions manual' containing all solutions and spreadsheets is apparently …


This article delves more deeply into the prophet Ibrāhīm's art of debating: an analysis of ma'nā maghzā's approach to Q. 2: 258. The difference of views is a fact that cannot be denied. The debates that occur often lead to the presence of further conflicts, both at the regional, national, and international levels. Two points are outlined, first, how to use Q. 2: 258 in its language and socio-historical manner; Second, what is the significance of Q. 2: 258. This article is a type of qualitative research in the form of library research. The primary data source in this study is Q. 2: 258. While secondary data sources include literature that is directly or indirectly related, both in physical and online libraries. To see it, this article uses the ma'nā cum maghzā approach offered by Sahiron Shamsuddin. As a result, in language, Q. 2: 258 is a verse that specifically speaks to a debate that took place between the Prophet Ibrāhīm and King Namruż. Q. 2: 258 hints at a system of "debate" in the context of "inclusive dialogue". The argument used by the Prophet Ibrāhīm is a type of argument a fortiori, which is an argument that has an analogical affirmation value between two different things but is closely related in a logical corridor.


Sex is now a major driver of the global economy. World cities such as London, Tokyo, New York, and increasingly, Sydney, have a vested interest in legitimising the sex industry and the premises upon which it is based as revenue-generating source. This paper considers a variety of definitions and classifications of sex industry premises within NSW. In order to regulate effectively in the future, policy-makers need to define activities accurately to reduce ambiguity and minimise problems in a highly contentious industry. There is a need to establish boundaries in defining these complex entities and to understand the operation of these premises, ensuring that they are assessed within appropriate planning frameworks. Divided into two broad sections, the paper first explores sex industry activities and its stakeholders and is then followed by a discussion of sex industry premises in detail. In New South Wales (NSW), one of the major issues associated with the sex industry includes problematic land uses. The Development Control Plan (DCP) for the City of Sydney (COS) is one of the first within NSW to adopt specific and appropriate terminology in order to define sex industry premises. As sex is becoming increasingly commercialised, mainstream, and visible on the 'high street', there is a need for the state to identify and regulate such activities (like gambling) in order to ensure that they become a source of revenue and that their externalities are controlled. At an estimated $1.22 billion dollars from 2008-2009, the sex industry in Australia clearly has a significant impact on the economy. This paper is a starting point for understanding issues that planners face in professional practice in the assessment of sex industry premises.


A case of peculiar eruption in a 43-year-old man is reported. The eruption was papular, polymorphic, hyperkeratotic, and lichenoid appearing on 4dry skin with patches, linear striation and Sverrucous


2014 We propose a new family of optics for coupling coherent waves with a ring resonator. These optics are calculated to phase incident waves and guided waves at any point on the guide and all around. We give some examples for a plane or a cylindrical source, and for a tubular or a toric guide. Revue Phys. Appl. 18 (1983) 129-133 FÉVRIER 1983, PAGE Classification Physics Abstracts 42.60 42.80 43.35


The authors present a technique based on linear programming for inverting metamorphic pressure-temperature (P-T) information from one or more stratigraphic horizons in an eroded mountain belt to determine extremal bounds on geotherms as a function of time in the orogen. The extremal bounds characterize the set of all possible geotherms at a particular time in the history of the mountain belt consistent with the metamorphic data and a priori bounds placed on thermal parameters. Using synthetic P-T data generated from several known initial thermal profiles. They demonstrate the sensitivity of the extremal bounds to the number, distribution, and accuracy of the P-T measurements. They conclude that by 20 million years after the orogeny, the set of all possible geotherms is well-constrained. To tightly bound possible geotherms as early as 10 million years after the orogeny, accurate P-T measurements from more than one structural horizon are required. Finally, they provide an example of extremal bounds consistent with metamorphic data from the Lower Schieferhulle in the Tauern Window of the Austrian Alps.


Cruising-for-parking in an urban area is a time-consuming and frustrating activity. We present four machine learning-based models to predict the parking availability of street segments in an urban area on a three-level scale, which navigator and smart-parking apps can exploit to ease and reduce the cruising phase. The models were trained with data generated by a cruising-for-parking simulator that we developed, replicating four parking behavior types (workers, residents, buyers, and visitors). The generated data is comparable to that collectible with smartphones' sensors. We simulated 40 users moving for 200 weeks in the city area of San Giovanni in Rome. We collected information about users' parking, unparking, and cruising actions over considered road segments at different time slots. Once a significant amount of trips were collected, we extracted ten features for each road segment at a given time slot. With the obtained dataset, which contained 761 samples, we trained and compared four supervised machine learning models that receive the history of a segment and, in return, classify the Parking Availability Level of the segment as Green, Yellow or Red. The four models were further evaluated in a different city area, San Lorenzo, and obtained very accurate results. We can predict parking availability with an accuracy above 97% for all the street segments where we collected 30 or more user actions, confirming the robustness of the simulator in generating synthetic cruising-for-parking data and the suitability of designing a Parking Availability Classifier (PAC) based on data collectible by smartphones.


Abstract Adult Single Comb White Leghorn cockerels were intubated with 30-g, air-dried samples of 85 test materials. The excreta energy corrected to zero nitrogen balance (FEn + UEn) voided during the 48 h following intubation was measured in a TMEn bioassay designed to have eight replications over time. The replication (i.e., time period) effect was larger than the bird effect; the latter was significant (P


Objective To establish a strain of prostate tumor cell line and provide a useful animal model.Methods Prostate tumor specimens were inoculated into right posterior leg s.c of three nude mice.After two passages in the nude mouse,tumor tissue was cultured in vitro.Following the reference,the identification of cell line was fulfilled.Results All of the transplanted tumor grew in the nude mice and the growth was enhanced in the second passage in the nude mice.After the tissue cultured in vitro a stable growth prostate tumor cell line was obtained without change of morphological structure and differentiation.The mode rage of chromosome is 64 73 accounting for 80% and the cycle analysis showed G 1 was 53.2%,G 2 17.0% and S 1 29.8%.The doubling time was 16.7?h.The expression of PSA was negative.Conclusion The prostate tumor cell line PC 98106 was identified to primary cancer cell in biological characters,has been cultured in vitro continually for more than one year and its characters still remained.Therefore PC 98106 may be considered to be a stable cell line.


B2C cross-border e-commerce in recent years around the world have been activated as the global B2C cross-border e-commerce market was growing...


What knowledge is of most worth to prospective and practicing teachers? How should we balance and integrate the various components of a teacher education curriculum? What rules, or principles of practice, should govern work with chosen teacher education content? Each of these classic curriculum questions1 draws us into deliberation about the nature and the place of professional and subject matter knowledge in teacher education. In examining some of the discussion around subject matter knowledge and professional knowledge, I shall consider themes that have an enduring legacy, having been part of the conversation about teaching and teacher education from the first formal education programs or even before those programs. I shall also consider themes that have emerged as important in the last decade or so, adding new language and new ideas to a long-standing conversation. Let me acknowledge at the start that in this chapter I will take a narrow view of professional knowledge, restricting it to knowledge, skills and dispositions associated with pedagogy. Of course, professional knowledge today is much broader than that, as one look at the chapter titles in the Knowledge Base for the Beginning Teacher 2 will attest. Maynard Reynolds' volume includes, for example, chapters devoted to the sociology of teaching and schooling, politics, legal rights and responsibilities, and so forth. In a broader context than I am considering, professional knowledge would include educational foundations: the development of interpretive, normative and critical perspectives on education.3 Still, professional knowledge as defined by the theory and practice of pedagogy is an accepted boundary, explicitly and implicitly, historically and in contemporary practice. And it is a boundary that seems appropriate given the range of issues addressed in the other chapters in this yearbook.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles loaded with rapeseed extract (RPE-CN) and to evaluate its therapeutic effects. The RPE-CNwas synthesized (Ion gelation), characterized (DLS, FTIR, atomic and electron microscopy) and their toxicity was evaluated by MTT method.Anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic effects were evaluated by qPCR method. Its antioxidant power was measured by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods and CAM method was used to evaluate its anti-angiogenic effects.Treatment with RPE-CN(Ps: 93.81 nm, PDI: 0.3, and ζ p: +35mv) reduced MCF7 cell viability and increased expression of genes associated with apoptosis (Caspase-3 and Caspase-9), inflammation (IL10) and antioxidant (SOD).RPE-CN exhibited notable inhibition in ABTS, DPPH, and Fe3+-TPTZ free radicals. Finally, angiogenesis in CAM tissue was suppressed by the down-regulation of VEGFR gene expression. According to the results, RPE-CN can be introduced as a potential chemo-preventive agent in the treatment of cancer.


Abstract Enhanced index tracking is an emerging strategy for investing money in the stock market and is aimed at achieving outperformance over a given benchmark index while achieving a low tracking error. We consider the problem of rebalancing a portfolio for an enhanced index tracking strategy subject to various real-life constraints, including a lower bound and an upper bound on the expected tracking error. To solve this problem, we propose a three-phase approach consisting of preprocessing, optimization, and learning. In a computational experiment, we applied this approach to rebalance a given portfolio on a monthly basis over a time horizon of 10 years; the data for the S&P 500 benchmark index were provided by the investment company Principal Global Investors. Our approach generated portfolios that were provably close to optimality for all monthly rebalancing decisions. Over the entire horizon of 10 years, the portfolios devised by our approach yielded cumulative returns higher than the S&P 500 index after transaction costs with a moderate tracking error.