0 n 2 August 199o, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein shocked the world by invading and rapidly overrunning the small, oil-rich country of Kuwait, sending the Kuwaiti government into exile. The Iraqi action threatened vital Western oil reserves in Kuwait and neighboring Saudi Arabia, which for many years had served as the basis for American policy in the Arab world. American President George Bush reacted promptly by convincing the United Nations to condemn the invasion, implement economic sanctions, and demand an unconditional Iraqi pullout. At the same time, the world body authorized President Bush to forge a multinational military alliance and force compliance if the Iraqis did not withdraw by 15 January 1991. On 7 August, under the operational name Desert Shield, allied forces began a five-month-long buildup in the Persian Gulf region. America now faced its first post-Cold War crisis .' The Iraqi challenge found the United States already well on its way toward adjusting to new political and economic realities. The so-called New World Order that emerged after the 1989 political revolutions in eastern Europe and the impending demise of the Soviet Union, which finally occured in late 1991, precipitated a major reassessment ofa military force structure designed to meet the threat of global nuclear war. In the new "multi-polar" world, regional crises and conflicts seemed more likely to test the United States. To prepare itself for new responsibilities as the only remaining superpower, America's national security strategy now focused more directly on revitalizing its domestic economy as a basis for strong international


retained the name as Insulin plant through traditional practice, further phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of leaves of the plant has proven record on wider therapeutic potential such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic activity. Our interest of current research is to explore the rhizome by multiple extraction and to screen and find out the specific therapeutic potential of the specific extracts through relevant phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation. DPPH, Disc Diffusion and DNS methods were chosen to evaluate antioxidant and antibacterial and antidiabetic activity on various rhizome extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, ethanol and aqueous). The anti-oxidant effect is significantly high and almost same for all rhizome extracts. ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol has moderate antibacterial activity against gram positive ( and) and gram negative organism ( and ) by disc diffusion method as compare to the standard drug (Ceftrioxone sodium). However, aqueous extract lacs antibacterial activity. The α-amylase inhibition activity by DNS method result infers, high antidiabetic activity for ethyl acetate and ethanolic rhizome extracts whereas mild activity for methanolic and aqueous rhizome extracts. Thereby e thonolicrhizome extract might be a good choice for antioxidant, antibacterial and antidiabetic therapeutic segments among the rhizome extracts.


According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over a billion people, about 15% of the world's population, have some form of disability.1 The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) define disability as an umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions. Despite the huge number of disable people around the world, a UNESCO Global report (UNESCO Global Report, 2013) indicates that people with disabilities face a wide range of barriers, including access to information, education and a lack of job opportunities. However, developing Smart Assistive eLearning Technologies (SALT) can be a powerful tool in supporting education and inclusion for persons with disabilities. The web is nowadays the best illustration. Indeed, the Web is fundamentally designed to work for all people, whatever their hardware, software, language, culture, location, or physical or mental ability. When the Web meets this goal, it is accessible to people with a diverse range of hearing, movement, sight, and cognitive ability. In the same line, the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities recognizes access to Information and Communications Technologies, including the Web, as a basic human right.2 In accordance with the later convention, the World Wide Web Consortium Web Accessibility Initiative (W3C WAI) brings together people from industry, disability organizations, government, and research labs from around the world to develop guidelines and resources to help make the Web accessible to people with disabilities including auditory, cognitive, neurological, physical, speech, and visual disabilities.3


To know the physical and mechanical properties of wood to be employed as structural elements in is an important factor for its use in a rational way. The connections between members of timber structures are also relevant topic once local stress concentrations can occur and safety must be seriously taken in account. Brazilian Code ABNT NBR 7190: 1997 "Design of Timber Structures" provides guidelines for connections calculation based on two alternative limit states: wood strength to embedment or bending of the bolt. The purpose of this paper is estimate the strength to embedment of Pinus sp. to bolts in three directions with respect to the grain: parallel, perpendicular and inclined at 45o. Specimens obeying requirements of Brazilian Code related to bolts diameter (10mm) were prepared and tested. The embedment strength in parallel direction to the fiber was the highest and the failure modes were more frequent crushing and cleavage.


In spite of numerous advantageous properties of silicides, magnetic properties are not among them. Here, the magnetic properties of epitaxial binary silicide nanostructures are discussed. The vast majority of binary transition‐metal silicides lack ferromagnetic order in their bulk‐size crystals. Silicides based on rare‐earth metals are usually weak ferromagnets or antiferromagnets, yet both groups tend to exhibit increased magnetic ordering in low‐dimensional nanostructures, in particular at low temperatures. The origin of this surprising phenomenon lies in undercoordinated atoms at the nanostructure extremities, such as 2D (surfaces/interfaces), 1D (edges), and 0D (corners) boundaries. Uncompensated superspins of edge atoms increase the nanostructure magnetic shape anisotropy to the extent where it prevails over its magnetocrystalline counterpart, thus providing a plausible route toward the design of a magnetic response from nanostructure arrays in Si‐based devices, such as bit‐patterned magnetic recording media and spin injectors.


The finite element method was used to simulate the thermo-mechanical behaviour of a flip chip under thermocyclic loading between -55/spl deg/C (-67/spl deg/F) and 125/spl deg/C (257/spl deg/F). In order to simulate realistically the inelastic material response of the solder bump, Chaboche's viscoplastic material model instead of a classical ORNL-theory was implemented into the finite element code ABAQUS and applied to a flip chip configuration. This so-called unified constitutive model is able to describe the Bauschinger effect as well as the creep/plasticity interaction. Herewith the influence of the substrate material on the inelastic deformation behaviour of a tin-lead solder bump was analysed. A comparison is given with respect to the influence of the two substrate materials namely Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and our self-developed Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics (LTCC) on the inelastic response of the Sn60Pb40 eutectic solder material. It may be shown that the thermoelastic behaviour of the LTCC substrate significantly reduces the cyclic stresses in the bump compared to Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ as well as the cumulative inelastic strain which is responsible for the development of damage and hence flip chip failure.


Ophiolites are mafic and ultramafic rock assemblages occurring in mountain belts, and they are commonly found in melanges. Their association with deep-sea sediments suggests that they represent fragments of raised oceanfloor. This conclusion is supported by marine geological and geophysical investigations. This paper presents the evolution of my own thinking on the origin of ophiolites. I interpret ophiolites as relics of the ocean floor of backarc basins on the basis of my own investigations in the Alps and in China, as well as of literature surveys. I have concluded that only rarely do ophiolites mark the suture zones of plate-collisions.


The uses of volunteering are very wide. No matter public order maintaining, traffic rectifying, rescuing, education, or medical caring, there are volunteers taking part in every field. They come from every class in the society. The main idea of this research is to investigate the relationship between the motivation, job involvement, and job satisfaction of being a culture volunteer and competence for lifelong learning. The result of the research shows the hope of attracting more people to participate in culture volunteering, and then raise the efficiency of culture volunteering. The subject of this study includes culture volunteers in Taichung City. A total of 310 copies of questionnaires were distributed and 282 effective responses were received. The data were analyzed and verified by using factor analysis, t test, ANOVA, regression analysis and structural equation models. The summarized results of the analysis are shown below: I. Participation motivation has a significantly positive impact on job involvement. II. Participation motivation has a significantly positive impact on job satisfaction. III. Participation motivation has a significantly positive impact on lifelong learning. IV. Job involvement has a positive but indistinctive impact on job satisfaction. V. Job involvement has a significantly positive impact on competence for lifelong learning. VI. Job satisfaction has a significantly positive impact on competence for Lifelong learning. VII. Participation motivation has an indirectly positive impact on competence for lifelong learning through job involvement and job satisfaction. VIII. Job involvement has an indirectly positive impact on competence for lifelong learning through job satisfaction. IX. Differences exist in corporate capital, participation motivation, job involvement, job satisfaction, and competence for lifelong learning for different demographic variables.


This letter proposes a multifrequency impedance matching broadband power amplifier (PA) design, which is different from the traditional PA impedance value changes with the change in the operating frequency. This method selects the impedance value of the transistor device through the load–pulling system. Then, matching networks composed of a cascade of microstrip lines are used to match the device impedance to 50 $\Omega $ . The matching networks are optimized to provide the desired impedance transfer characteristic at multiple frequencies. This design approach effectively reduces the amplifiers' output impedance variation over the covered frequency range. The overall structure of the PA is simple, and the bandwidth is expanded while ensuring performance. Based on this method, a broadband PA was designed and fabricated using the self-developed laterally-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) transistor of the Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The measurement results show that the saturated output power of the designed PA in the range of 0.5–2.3 GHz is greater than 41 dBm. The drain efficiency is 43.62%–55.38%. When the average output power is 34.3 dBm, the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) is also better than −31.58 dBc.


abstract:This article examines how freed African Americans advanced the design and quality of their homes under varying degrees of White control in the Lowcountry of South Carolina. It uses slave houses at Magnolia and McLeod Plantations in Charleston and Hobcaw Barony in Georgetown as a starting point from which to compare houses built for African American phosphate miners on former plantations such as Drayton Hall and Middleton Place in Charleston, as well as houses built by successful freedmen who owned the land upon which they built their houses in Bluffton and on Edisto Island. This survey illustrates how White planters who ran phosphate mining endeavors on their properties continued to manipulate freed people through the design and condition of their houses. African Americans who built their own homes challenged White suppression by advancing the scale, framing techniques, ornamentation, and plans of their homes.


Rapid economic reform in China has resulted in an urgent need to develop a framework for urban transport policy. This paper considers the issues faced by China and how they have been tackled in other countries. The distribution of transport reponsibilities between hierachical tiers of government and the function, structure and staffing of municipal governments are first considered. The role of the private sector is discussed. The examples of Hong Kong and Singapore are examined as models of public transport systems operated entirely on commercial principles. Publicly owned systems in the US and Europe are then considered. The current situation in China is outlined and a progressive strategy for reform suggested. For the covering abstract see IRRD 890936.


This report describes nonlinear, large-deflection, inelastic analyses of the impact of a failed turbine disk segment onto a steel ring representing a turbine casing. Four structural analysis computer codes were used to calculate the response of the same idealized model of a casing structure in an impact test performed previously. The results of the calculations are compared with each other and with response measured in the test. The objective was to assess the code approach as an improved, alternative method for estimating the energies of turbine missiles that might be produced by the rare failure of turbine disks in nuclear plants. The study confirmed that existing codes can model many important aspects of turbine casing impacts. However, further development is needed before this approach could supplant the simpler, more approximate empirical methods traditionally used to estimate missile energies in calculations of turbine missile risk.


Exposure of a series of ?-(o-haloaryl)-substituted ketones to palladium-catalyzed carbonylation conditions leads to the formation of the corresponding isocoumarins. Balloon pressure of CO is sufficient to achieve high yielding reactions, and both cyclic and acyclic ketones are efficient substrates. The utility of the method is illustrated by a short synthesis of the natural product thunberginol A.


For reducing the hardware resource consumption, we propose a novel method of generating Rayleigh channels. First, we propose a basic channel generator built on a recursive structure. Via investigating the dynamic feature of the recursive structure, we find the basic generator is instable. The instability means that errors occurring in the fixed-point computation on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) will be accumulated and thus induce the failure of the channel generation eventually. To solve this problem, we propose an improved Rayleigh channel generator with guaranteed stability. The improved generator manages to preclude the risk of accumulating errors in the fixed-point computation on FPGA. Experiment results show that the memory resources consumed in the proposed generator is one eighth of that in traditional generators, and the accuracy of the generated channel is also guaranteed.


The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model on learning outcomes in terms of initial capability. In the preparation of this article the author uses literature study method is by using literature research (literature study). Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model is one of cooperative learning which can be used as an alternative of learning model that is fun and effective compared to direct learning model (lecture), because in Think Pair Share (TPS) students discuss with one another to finish math problems given by the teacher. In addition, early ability and learning outcomes also have a positive relationship. Initial ability is one of the foundations to receive new knowledge and which will affect the student learning outcomes. From the explanation, the authors are interested to analyze the effectiveness of Think Pair Share (TPS) learning model on learning outcomes in terms of initial capability. Based on the analysis of the discussion that has been written by the author, it can be concluded that the model of learning Think Pair Share (TPS) effective on learning outcomes in terms of initial ability.


The effects of combined oral contraceptives (OC), depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injections (DMPA), levonorgestrel subdermal implant (Norplant), copper-containing intrauterine devices (copper IUD), and Chinese stainless steel ring IUD on hemoglobin and ferritin were studied in 18-40-year-old, nonpregnant, and nonlactating women in seven countries (Bangladesh, Chile, China, the Dominican Republic, Pakistan, Thailand, and Tunisia). Data from 2507 women were analyzed. The study had a cross-sectional component in which 1295 current users of the contraceptive methods were compared with 1212 women initiating use of contraceptives. The results of this component showed that the current users of hormonal contraceptive methods generally had higher hemoglobin and ferritin levels than the noncontraceptors. The differences between women using hormonal contraceptive and noncontraceptors in mean values for hemoglobin varied between 3 and 6 g/L and for ferritin between 2 and 18 g/L. The current users of copper IUD had higher hemoglobin levels (difference in mean levels of 3 g/L), but lower ferritin levels (difference of 10 g/L) than noncontraceptors. Current use of the stainless steel ring had an adverse effect on both hemoglobin and ferritin. In a longitudinal component of the study, 285 anemic women (hemoglobin between 80 and 120 g/L at the time of initiation of contraception)--a subgroup of the cross-sectional component--were followed-up at 3, 6, and 12 months after initiation. In this component, significant mean increases of hemoglobin at 12 months were observed among the users of oral contraceptives and DMPA, but not among users of copper or stainless steel ring IUD. It is concluded that hemoglobin and ferritin levels are influenced by the use of contraceptives and that the hormonal contraceptives included in the present study have a beneficial effect on these parameters. The effects of copper IUD on hemoglobin and ferritin should be studied further.


With the development of computer and communication technology,human society has entered the information society. Limitations of the traditional teaching mode of entomology become increasingly prominent and unable to meet the teaching needs. One of the effective means to solve this problem is to build virtual insects teaching system assisting theory and practice teaching by using virtual reality technology. The teaching system of using virtual insects can achieve authenticity,continuity and interactivity in classroom teaching,which not only improves the teaching quality of higher agricultural education,but also promotes college teachers to switch roles and share qualified higher education resources,etc.,having broad application prospects in entomology teaching.


The article presents the results comparative analysis data reflecting physicians and pharmaceutical specialists' conception of effectiveness and safety of hepatoprotective and cholagogue medicines presented in the Volgograd region market. The loyalty index reflecting average investigated factors is described and used in this research.


Under strong magnetic field, many interesting phenomena can occur in the electronic system, for example quantization of Landau levels and quantum Hall effect. However, photons do not carry charge, and can not have many properties induced by external magnetic fields. Recently, the pseudomagnetic field being an artificial synthetic gauge field, has attracted intense research interest in classical wave systems, in which the propagation of wave can be manipulated like in real magnetic field. The photonic crystal is an optical structure composed of periodic material distributions and provides a good platform to study the control of electromagnetic waves. In this work, we construct a uniform pseudomagnetic field by introducing uniaxial linear gradient deformation of metallic rods in a two-dimensional photonic crystal. The strong pseudomagnetic field leads to the quantization of photonic Landau levels in photonic crystals. The sublattice polarization of n=0 Landau level is also demonstrated in our simulations. Unlike the real magnetic field, the pseudomagnetic fields of photonic crystal is opposite in two inequivalent energy valleys, and the time-reversal symmetry of the system is not broken. Our designed gradient photonic crystals support the transport of edge state in the gap between n=0 and n=±1 Landau levels. The edge state can propagate unidirectionally when is excited by a chiral source. When a gaussian beam impinges on the photonic crystal, the propagating path of two splitting beams can be controlled, which gives rise to the bend of two beams. Two photonic crystals with opposite pseudomagnetic fields are assembled together, and the interesting phenomenon of "snake-state" can be obtained. Our proposal opens a new way for the design of information processing devices by manipulating electromagnetic waves.


It is one of the most fundamental problems not only in the enzymological but also in the pharmacological researches to consider quantum-chemically the interaction between an enzyme and its inhibitor on the molecular basis. The author has recently extensively studied on the relation between electronic structure of phenylacetate derivatives and their rates to be hydrolyzed by the cholinesterase (1); though this paper deals partially with those results, it is confined at present to the problem on the relationship between the electronic structure and inhibiting force of cholinesterase inhibitors. A competitive inhibition seems to be of a simpler reaction type and such a secondary effect as the molecular deformation to be derived from the drug absorption may be also easily excluded, so it would be the most favorable object for the present experimentation. Wilson et al. (2) showed the development of competitive inhibition between cholinesterase and various phenyltrimethylammonium derivatives assuming it as derived from the hydrogen-bonding of the esteratic site of cholinesterase to phenylhydroxyl group of those derivatives, and they also emphasized that in order to determine the inhibiting force in those reaction systems the spacial arrangement of molecules or molecular complimentariness was more important factor than the chemical change thereby exerted. They added, however, that the significance of chemical change as a cause of the inhibiting force could not be entirely avoided, and they attributed the weakness in the inhibiting force of 2-hydroxybenzyl.trime thylammoniurn bromide (compound No. 8 in Table 1) to the larger value of pKa than that of 3 hydroxypheny.ltrimethylammonium salts, all of which, however, were the same in spacial distance from the quaternary ammonium radical to the hydroxyl group and from the esteratic site to the anionic site of cholinesterase. But if it might be true, there is a discrepancy for the fact that the pKa value of the compound No. 8 is 8.7 which is weaker in the inhibiting force than the compound No. 5, that is 6-methoxy-3-hydroxyphenyltriniethylammonium chloride, the pKa value (8.6) of the latter being, however, almost as large as that of the compound No. 8. Thus, it is clear that there is at least no intimate connection between the pKa value and inhibiting force in the case of 3-hydroxyphenylmethylammonium derivatives. According to Wilson et al. (2) the fact that 2.9 kcal of free energy change resulted from the KI ratio of the compound No. 1 vs. the compound No. 6 was just coincided to what was brought about by the hydrogen-bonding in this reaction appeared to give some support to their hydrogen-bonding hypothesis. But neither this energy change would necessarily brought about by the hydrogen-bonding nor this phenomenon would be characteristic of the hydrogen-bonding. In the author's opinion there should be three possibilities to be taken into consideration in order to interpret this phenomenon quantum-chemically which are as follows : (i) There would be the formation of charge transfer complex or some substitution reaction, instead of the hydrogen-bonding. (ii) There would be surely the hydrogen-bonding, the pKa value being, however, no appropriate decisive index. (iii) Apart from the hydrogen-bonding, there would be some other forces, e.g., van der Waals', contributable to the reaction.


During the week immediately following the elections of November 15, 1994, I was traveling in an almost empty bus listening to the conversation between the driver and the ticket collector behind him. Both from the Northeast, the men were commenting on the electoral results-who won, who lost. At one point, the driver said emphatically, "These people are wrong about us. Come time to vote, the one who lives in a shack is the same as Antonio Ermirio." By no means do I want to generalize from this one observation, but in the context of innumerable other observations, based both on systematic surveys and on election results, I consider the remark of this anonymous worker representative of the prevailing view of the electoral process. The acceptance by the millions of inhabitants of shacks of the immense inequality represented by the very few millionaires such as Antonio Ermirio is legitimated by the equality between the two extremes in the mythic moment of depositing a vote in the ballot box. With the electoral results of 1994, democracy in Brazil was consolidated as a political form of bourgeois domination. The salaried workers and the poor in general constituted the bulk of the population that had protested in the streets for the end of the military dictatorship and for direct elections. The democratic political form therefore corresponds to an aspiration of the subordinated classes, including the middle class. These classes perceive that democratic liberties allow them the opportunity to pursue concrete changes in their daily lives. Yielding to this aspiration, the dominant bourgeois class was able to establish the broad social consensus necessary for its own domination. The masses do not see that there might be something better for them than democracy. They want democracy, and at the same time they can only want a bourgeois democracy. In the current scheme of things, there is


In the current era of technological and business disruption, it is important for an organization
to be innovative more than ever. That being said, there is no simple formula to become
innovative and the ability to become innovative depends on the individual knowledge of an
employee and collective knowledge of an organization. Therefore, managing knowledge
becomes an important step in order to become innovative and survive in the competition. It
even becomes more crucial for a technical consultant company to manage knowledge more
strategically, as knowledge is the "main resource" for such knowledge intensive firms.
Accordingly, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate Knowledge Management (KM) in a
technical consultant company. This study comprehends the process and practice of KM,
barriers of KM and approaches to overcome the barriers of KM in a large technical consultant
company.
A case study of a large technical consultant company is conducted in order to fulfill the
purpose of the study. Literature studies were conducted in order to gain knowledge on the
research subject and to provide potential solutions for the research questions. Data was
gathered by conducting pre-study, semi-structured interviews and participant observations.
The research questions were answered by compiling, coding and analyzing the collected data
against the theoretical framework.
The results of the study indicate that personalization strategy is the most effective way of
sharing knowledge in a technical consultant company. The process of managing knowledge in
a large technical consultant company is very complex due to certain unique structural, cultural
and behavioral issues; lack of shared identity, geographical co-location of the on-site
consultants, legal restriction to share clients' knowledge are the barriers, which are found to
be unique for a technical consultant company. However, there are certain actions which could
facilitate the company to overcome most of the barriers and therefore, it is recommended to
implement these actions for effective knowledge sharing across the organization.


The so-called non-lethal weapons are part of the weapon arsenal available to the police forces, and they were designed to control prison riots and massive protests in public spaces. The false idea they have low chances of   causing severe lesions or death has contributed to their being more widely used.The study presents two cases of violent deaths caused by the impact of the so called non-lethal projectiles used by policemen in charge of security in the prisons of our country.Safety of this kind of weapons under stressful situations is questioned, since there is no guarantee for them to be used properly (minimum distance and impact body area). A recommendation is made to eradicate using the label "non-lethal weapons" and substitute it for a more modern and appropriate one, such as "less lethal weapons".


...................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ...............................................................................................................x LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ xi LIST OF MUSICAL EXAMPLES ................................................................................... xii FOREWORD .....................................................................................................................xv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................1 CHAPTER II: LIFE AND WORKS UNTIL DE VOLHARDING (1939–72) .....................13 CHAPTER III: STYLISTIC TRAITS IN ANDRIESSEN'S WIND MUSIC ....................25 CHAPTER IV: ON JIMMY YANCEY (1973) ....................................................................39 CHAPTER V: DE STIJL (1984–5) ....................................................................................58 CHAPTER VI: M IS FOR MAN, MUSIC, MOZART (1991) ..............................................75 CHAPTER VII: PASSEGGIATA IN TRAM IN AMERICA E RITORNO (1998) ................97 CHAPTER VIII: RUTTMANN OPUS II, III, IV (2003) ...................................................110 CHAPTER IX: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY ...................................................................................................................127 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................130 APPENDIX A: ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF COMPOSER'S NOTE AND MUSICAL TERMINOLOGY FROM ON JIMMY YANCEY .................................136


a ˇP 2HC60 . ˇ . The final state has a lifetime of 660 ns, is formed with an overall yield of 92%, and preserves ca. 1.0 eV of the 1.9 eV inherent in the porphyrin excited state. Similar behavior is observed for the zinc analog 1b. The TTF-PZn .aˇC60 .ˇ state is formed by ultrafast electron transfer from the porphyrinatozinc excited singlet state with a time constant of 1.5 ps. The final TTF .aˇPZnC60 .ˇ state is generated with a yield of 16%, and also has a lifetime of 660 ns. Although charge recombination to yield a triplet has been observed in related donor-acceptor systems, the TTF . a ˇPC60 . ˇ states recombine to the ground state, because the molecule lacks low-energy triplet states. This structural feature leads to a longer lifetime for the final charge-separated state, during which the stored energy could be harvested for solar-energy conversion or molecular optoelectronic applications.


Objective To evaluate the application value of blue -on -yellow perimetry ( B/YP) in the suspected visual field defect eyes. Methods The B/YP were tested by Octopus 101 automated perimetry in 42 suspected visual field defect patients (42 eyes) with white - on -white perimetry ( W/ WP). The correlations of the visual field indices and the point - by - point threshold between the B/YP and W/WP were analyzed. Results Of the total 42 eyes with B/YP,three (7. 14% ) showed no visual field defect, and thirty - nine eyes(92.86% ) had visual field defect. No significant correlation was found in the visual field indices [mean sensitivity ( MS) , mean defect ( MD) and loss variance ( LV ) ] between B/YP and W/WP(r =0.2998 ,0.2048,0.0886, respectively). More than half of the point - by - point thresholds between B/YP and W/WP showed significant correlation. Conclusion The sensitivity of B/YP in detecting visual field defect was higher than that of W/WP. Follow - up was necessary in the patients with the location of visual field defects with B/YP in accordance with the location of the suspected visual field defect with W/WP.


Traditional logical equivalence checking (LEC), which plays a major role in the entire chip design process, faces challenges of meeting the requirements demanded by the many emerging technologies that are based on logic models different from the standard complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS). In this article, we propose an LEC framework to be employed in the verification process of superconducting electronics (SCE). Our LEC framework is compatible with the existing CMOS technologies and can also check features and capabilities that are unique to SCE. For instance, the performance of nonresistively biased single-flux quantum (SFQ) circuits benefits from ultradeep pipelining, and verification of such circuits requires new models and algorithms. We, therefore, present the multicycle input dependency circuit model which is a novel model representation of design to explicitly capture the dependency of primary outputs of the circuit on sequences of internal signals and inputs. Embedding the proposed circuit model and several structural checking modules, the process of verification can be independent of the underlying technology and signaling. We benchmark the proposed framework on postsynthesis SFQ and 4-phase adiabatic quantum flux parametron netlists. Results show a comparative verification time of SFQ circuit benchmark, including 16-bit integer divider and ISCAS'85 circuits with respect to the ABC tool for similar CMOS circuits.


Upper and lower bounds for the second-order energy in both coupled and uncoupled Hartree-Fock perturbation theories are derived. Using these bounds inequalities are derived for the error in the geometric approximation.


Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43) is one of the coronaviruses that cause the mild cold. On the other hand, extra-respiratory manifestations such as cen-tral nervous system infections with HCoV-OC43 are very rarely reported. We present a case of a previously healthy immunocompetent child with acute aseptic meningitis, as a result of HCoV-OC43 who admitted to the emergency department with a complaint of unconsciousness.. Respiratory tract and cerebrospinal fluid culture showed HCoV-OC43 in viral screening. During the follow-up period, the patient was completely asymptomatic, with normalized consciousness. The clinicians should keep in mind that HCoV-OC43 can be the etiological agent in the differential diagnosis of aseptic meningitis in immunocompetent individuals with reversible neurological symptoms.


Hypersound generation and detection by laser pulses incident on the interface of an opaque anisotropic crystal are theoretically and experimentally investigated in the case where the symmetry is broken by a tilt of its axis of symmetry relative to the interface normal. A nonlocal volumetric mechanism of plane shear sound excitation is revealed and a modification of the temporal shape of the reflectivity signal with variation in probe light polarization is observed, both attributed to asynchronous propagation of the acoustic eigenmodes. Experiments and theory demonstrate the possibility of using polycrystalline materials with an arbitrary distribution of grain orientations for the generation and the detection of picosecond shear ultrasound.


The new instrument for ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at the Swedish synchrotron radiation facility MAX IV Laboratory is presented. The instrument is based on the use of a retractable and exchangeable high-pressure cell, which implies that ultrahigh-vacuum conditions are retained in the analysis chamber and that dual ambient pressure and ultrahigh-vacuum use is possible.


https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rejhs.v8i4.6 "New Insights into HIV/AIDS for Students and and potentially life-threatening condition called Hea l thcare Profess iona ls" (Eds . Es ther acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, or AIDS. Olufunmilayo Asekun-Olarinmoye and Christopher HIV/AIDS Olutayo Alebiosu) is a textbook written by a total of 40 authors who are specialists in diverse fields of biomedical research and medical practice; and are based in well-established higher institutions of learning in Nigeria. The book was published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing, United Kingdom in 2019. The 27-chaptered textbook (with topics ranging from "History of HIV" to "Policy and Advocacy" in HIV/AIDS) has articulately presented the most important and relevant information on all aspects of HIV and AIDS in a well-organized fashion and in simple, scientific language which can be easily read and understood by a wide variety of audience ranging from medical students to diverse cadres/categories of health personnel, including specialists. The lay public will also find this book, which is dedicated to stakeholders in HIV care, very men having sex with useful. men (MSM), intravenous drug users and those The preface of the textbook was written by the involved in commercial sex transactions (works). In current Vice-Chancellor of the Osun State University, sub-Saharan Africa however, heterosexual Professor Labode Popoola; and the foreword by transmission as well as blood transfusion involving Professor C. O. Alebiosu who at the time of HIV-infected donors also play important roles in HIV publication was on sabbatical as Visiting Professor of transmission". The modes of HIV transmission as Medicine at Yale University Office of Global Health, well as important determinants/vulnerability factors, from where he served as Visiting Medical including risk level associated with each mode of Professor/Consultant at the Liberian College of transmission were described in detail. In the same Physicians and Surgery. chapter, relevant figures for the years 2010 and 2015 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) chronic such as the number of people living with HIV and is a major public health concern and cause of death in many African countries (1).


Elbow contracture is a debilitating complication of trauma that can arise from intra-articular and extraarticular sources. When nonoperative treatment fails, operative intervention is indicated. Evaluation begins with thorough preoperative planning. The column approach allows excellent exposure and treatment of anterior and posterior capsular and osseous sources of contracture. For posterior medial capsular contraction, a medial approach is often indicated. This allows access for decompression and transposition of the ulnar nerve. Postoperative care involves early clinic follow up with continuous passive motion (CPM) and/or splinting.


We discuss proton decay induced by dimension{5 operators in supersymmetric models containing extra hypercharge{1=3 colour{triplets. We derive a general formula relating dimension{5 operator to the colour{triplet mass matrix. We show that certain zeros in the triplet mass{matrix together with some triplet coupling selection rules can lead to elimination of dimension{5 operators. We apply this mechanism to SU(5) andflipped SU(5) theories with extended Higgs sectors.


The thermal decomposition characteristics and kinetics of inositol were studied by DTA-TGA techniques.The curves of TGA and DTA of inositol at different heating rates(5,10,15,20,25℃ min 1) were acquired in nitrogen atmosphere.The kinetic parameters including the activation energy and pre-exponential factor of the thermal decomposition process for inositol were calculated by Flynn-Wall-Ozawa(FWO),Kissinger and atava-estak method,respectively.Moreover,the thermal decomposition mechanism of inositol was also studied.Results of this study show that the activation energy was found to be 208.03 kJ mol 1,and logarithmic value of the pre-exponential factor logA was given to be 16.76.According to atava-estak method,the thermal decomposition mechanism of inositol was thought to be chemical reaction.Integral form of the most probable mechanism function of the decomposition process was obtained to be G(α)=(1 α) 1 1。


Summary. Thirty‐five Thai patients with various α‐thalassaemia (α‐thal 1/α‐thal 2, α‐thal 1/HbCS, HbCS/ HbCS) and yβ‐thalassaemia (β‐thal/HbE, severe and mild form, HbE/HbE) syndromes were examined for the presence of immunoglobulins and C3d on o‐tolidine positive erythroblasts in the bone marrow, and for the amounts of IgG of some specificities bound to circulating erythrocytes. In mild, but not in severe yβ‐thal/HbE and in α‐thalassaemia, the percentages of Ig‐positive erythroblasts were significantly higher than in controls and correlated well with the percentages of IgG‐positive erythroblasts. By contrast, the percentages of IgM and C3d positive erythroblasts were low and similar in thalassaemic and control marrows. A substantial proportion of thalassaemic patients showed more erythrocyte‐bound IgG than controls, but statistically significant elevations were seen only in severe β‐thal/HbE. Within a particular syndrome erythrocyte‐bound IgG was more abundant in splenectomized than non‐splenectomized subjects. It showed specificity for spectrin in some β‐thalassaemic patients and for band 3 protein in several individuals with α‐ or β‐thalassaemia. The results suggest that IgG antibodies play a role in the haemolysis of thalassaemia and that they are likely to be involved in the ineffective erythropoiesis in at least some of the syndromes studied.


Having an interest in personality disorders, I was very much looking forward to reading this book, by David Jones. In the introduction, he states that it offers a 'unique contribution' to the field...


We studied neuropsychological and electroencephalographic correlates of the damaged and intact hemisphere of brain in ishemic insult cases. In dynamics we studied the structure of neuropsychological symptoms of hemispheric insult taking into account the lateralization of the damage focus. We revealed an interrelation between highest cerebral functional disorders and EEG alterations in the damaged and intact hemispheres, we studied inter hemispheric mechanisms of restoration of the damaged cerebral functions.


Linear sweep voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to investigate the corrosion behavior of an aluminum current collector in contact with polymer solvent containing lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [LiN(CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiTFSI] at room temperature. The electrolytes were liquid poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ether (Mw 250) + LiTFSI (Li:O ratio of 1:20), and composite gel electrolytes consisting of the baseline liquid electrolyte + 10 wt% fumed silica nanoparticles. Such electrolytes have potential utility in lithium-based rechargeable cells, although LiTFSI is known to affect corrosion of the commonly employed aluminum current collector. The electrochemical data indicate that aluminum corrosion is attenuated in the Presence of fumed silica nanoparticles. Possible mechanisms are discussed.


The empirical literature is generally supportive of a positive effect on employees' performance of the introduction of relative performance information (RPI). However, different studies give different explanations for this result. The thrust of this paper is to theoretically introduce a learning dynamic which may offer an alternative, non-psychological, explanation. We consider both the case where employees do and do not expect RPI to be provided at some intermediate stage. We also take into account different forms of RPI and show that the level of refinement of RPI is of consequence. Although placed in a piece-rate pay context, we argue that the learning dynamic is equally valid in other pay contexts. Finally, we look at the dynamic from an employer perspective and develop an optimal feedback policy.


Ineffective management practices, particularly in the design phase, have been identified as a prime cause of the unacceptable accident and occupational health record of the construction industry. The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations requires designers to identify, reduce and control risks to the workforce. However, for many designers the adoption of such practices is still unfamiliar and there is little information on procedures or best practices. Thus, to a large extent the application of such regulations is intuitive and relies on the attitude and behaviour of the designer and their ability to communicate the identified risks effectively. This paper outlines the methodological approach to be used in measuring the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour and value judgements of the parties involved during the design phase.


This paper expounds the designing method and application of the suspension roof support technique in semi-coal pertographic tunnel of Jinpushan Coalmine, and introduces the components and system functions of the pressure monitoring software for the suspension roof support, and looks forward to the development of the future coalmine's suspension roof support.


Techno-optimistic visions around smart buildings, homes, cities, grids, healthcare, etc. have become ubiquitous over the past decade. Using variations of machine learning and artificial intelligence, smart urbanism (SU) envisions an efficient, digital society. However, research shows that smart technologies reinscribe inequalities by prioritising the interests of the free market, technology-centric governance and data monetisation. Although there has been a growing concern over the injustices SU perpetuates, there is a lack of systematic engagement with power systems such as capitalism or heterosexism that underpin SU visions. A novel framework is presented that situates intersectional justice at the heart of SU. A mapping of 70 cases of 'trouble' with the promises of SU is used to address three core research questions: What are the 'troubles' with SU? To what extent are they intersectional? What can intersectionality add to the development of a just SU? The analysis shows how SU politics play out in relation to how users are understood and engaged, how different actors institutionalise SU and how dominant power systems are challenged. The presented strategy contributes to understanding not just the data politics in urban spaces, but also how they can be renegotiated and re-evaluated to solve multiple and interconnected urban crises without compromising on social justice.
Practice relevance
Citizen-led initiatives against SU should commit to intersectionality's radical core to dismantle power structures to ensure local smart urban projects do not entrench global business-as-usual neoliberal agendas. Intersectional thinking can create spaces for deliberative dialogues between civil society groups and build alliances across groups that seek to challenge the hegemony of exclusionary urban policies. Urban planners and local governments, which are at the forefront of SU applications, should decentre technologies and rather focus efforts on working out how smart technologies can work in conjunction with other kinds of urban interventions, such as social, economic and environmental policy changes, collaborative planning, community development, etc. to herald more just urban futures. Designers of smart urban technologies should apply intersectional approaches to further challenge 'Homo economicus' (rational, White, technophilic, able-bodied) as the primary user type and to replace it with diverse user archetypes that express humanity, justice and generosity.


The invention relates to a decitabine freeze-dried powder injection and a preparing method thereof. The prepared decitabine freeze-dried powder injection is used for treating myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). The decitabine freeze-dried powder injection contains decitabine, utilizes the mixed solvent composed of the tert-butyl alcohol and the injection water in the preparation process, wherein the concentration of the decitabine in the mixed solvents is 2.5-5 mg/ml; and the volume ratio of the solvents is: 5-50% of tert-butyl alcohol and the balance of injection water. The potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the sodium hydroxide may be added for the pH regulator. The preparation process comprises the following steps: measuring tert-butyl alcohol, adding injection water, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium hydroxide, stirring and mixing evenly, cooling to 2-15 DEG C, heat preserving, adding decitabine, stirring to dissolve, filtering, filling, plugging, disking, freeze-drying, pressing plug, out box, tying and packing after quality test qualification.


This book presents a systematic theory of Taylor expansions of evolutionary-type stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs). The authors show how Taylor expansions can be used to derive higher order numerical methods for SPDEs, with a focus on pathwise and strong convergence. In the case of multiplicative noise, the driving noise process is assumed to be a cylindrical Wiener process, while in the case of additive noise the SPDE is assumed to be driven by an arbitrary stochastic process with Hlder continuous sample paths. Recent developments on numerical methods for random and stochastic ordinary differential equations are also included since these are relevant for solving spatially discretised SPDEs as well as of interest in their own right. The authors include the proof of an existence and uniqueness theorem under general assumptions on the coefficients as well as regularity estimates in an appendix. Audience: Applied and pure mathematicians interested in using and further developing numerical methods for SPDEs will find this book helpful. It may also be used as a source of material for a graduate course. Contents: Preface; List of Figures; Chapter 1: Introduction; Part I: Random and Stochastic Ordinary Partial Differential Equations; Chapter 2: RODEs; Chapter 3: SODEs; Chapter 4: SODEs with Nonstandard Assumptions; Part II: Stochastic Partial Differential Equations; Chapter 5: SPDEs; Chapter 6: Numerical Methods for SPDEs; Chapter 7: Taylor Approximations for SPDEs with Additive Noise; Chapter 8: Taylor Approximations for SPDEs with Multiplicative Noise; Appendix: Regularity Estimates for SPDEs; Bibliography; Index.


This paper has as an objective the description of the relevant facts and the most important theories about the democratization in Guatemala, and the systematization of those facts and theories. At the same time pretends the formulation of a theorical proposal about the matters to be in count in order to consider the transition to the democracy in Guatemala.


This is a history of both pietistic Millenarianism and Millenarian communication in Wuerttemberg during the first half of the 19th century. The study is based on a thorough investigation of printed and handwritten sources.


To implement the Alte Land Pflanzenschutzverordnung 2015 (Plant Protection Ordinance in the Area of "Altes Land" in the region near Hamburg Germany) regarding the determination of the exposition classes off the ditch structures in thee "Alte Land", a method is developed based on current optical satellite data that is intended to support the current manual working method. The focus of the investigation is on the three optical satellites Landsat-8, Seentinel-2 and WWorldView-3. It considers both the potential and possible limitations of this data base in the context of the task. The result of this investigation indicates the suitability of optical satellite data for the tasks under the "Alte Land Pflanzenschutzverordnung" 2015.


Pedestrian detection is one of the most important tasks in Computer Vision, especially in automotive and security applications. One of the most common problems in real scenarios is related to the detection of occluded pedestrians. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-cue pedestrian detection approach able to deal with non homogeneous object samples by learning latent subcategory models trained on both visual and depth-based features. We also propose a novel self-similarity based feature, namely SSTD, to encode the homogeneity in appearance of pedestrians characterized by similar occlusion patterns. Experiments are performed on the Daimler Pedestrian Detection Benchmark Dataset showing the robustness of our approach in actual scenarios.


With the advance of networking technologies, the widespread use of handheld devices not only enables instant access of required information but also shortens the distance among acquaintances. Nowadays one can easily share their photos on the Internet right after the photos are taken. With an increasing amount of images, a challenging problem for computer algorithms is to discover the visual-concept embedded within an image. Instead of modeling this problem as a classification process which attempts to categorize images into different pre-defined classes, we propose in this work to start with identifying similar image patches. Specifically, we adopt the technique of mining association rules to construct evident relationships among image patches so as to discover identical visual-concepts from online images.


1. &dquo;THE welfare state is a common characteristic of all advanced capitalist societies and stable political democracies, but it lacks a common definition and, above all, a common fate.&dquo; &dquo; It is difficult to disentangle two closely related aspects of recent state growth: the welfare commitment in the strict sense of monetary transfers and collectively provided services; and the intervention effort in the broader sense of policy regulations and exemptions. Both are aimed at specific categories (and, occasionally, specific actors); both interfere with &dquo;normal&dquo; market mechanisms; both redistribute resources from one group to another; both rely ultimately on the coercive power of the state. To a certain extent, welfare and intervention measures represent equivalent, if


Performance Limits of Low‐Temperature, Continuous Locomotion Are Exceeded When Locomotion Is Intermittent in the Ghost Crab Author(s): Randi B. Weinstein and Robert J. Full Source: Physiological Zoology, Vol. 71, No. 3 (May/June 1998), pp. 274-284 Published by: The University of Chicago Press. Sponsored by the Division of Comparative Physiology and Biochemistry, Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/515927 Accessed: 12-06-2017 13:30 UTC


Cutaneous secondaries from carcinoma larynx are very rare. Distant metateses in squamous cell carcinoma of larynx have an incidence of five to six percent. It most commonly involves lungs, liver and bone. We present a case of a male patient with cutaneous deposits from carcinoma larynx in Anterior Abdominal wall and his left ring finger. This case is presented for its rare occurrence. 45 year old male patient presented to a hospital outside in April 2009 with complaints of hoarseness of voice .He was investigated for the same. DL scopy showed growth in the right glottis Biopsy of the same was reported as moderately differentiated (Grade III) Squamous cell Carcinoma. His clinical Staging was T3N1N0. Patient received concurrent Chemo radiation for the same. He was given 60 Gray of external RT with weekly cisplatin 40 mg per meter square .He was apparently normal till March 2010.After which he developed local recurrence for which he underwent total laryngectomy in April 2010.He was given six cycles of chemotherapy with Carboplatin and paclitaxel. He was normal till November 2010 when he presented to us with Anterior Abdominal wall swelling .Cytology of the same proved to be meta static carcinomatous deposits .As the patient had already received twelve cycles of platinum compounds, we managed him with single agent Methotrexate. He responded well to our treatment for five months, after which the disease progressed.


This In this work, a novel Charge Pump based Current Starved ring oscillator is proposed. The novel charge pump based ring oscillator is designed by modifying a 5-stage current starved ring oscillator. Two of the alternate stages are replaced by charge pump circuit. The proposed charge pump based ring oscillator reduces the phase noise of the oscillator.


ABSTRACT Since 2001, heroin-related overdose deaths in the United States have risen six-fold, a rise unaccounted for by the expanding user population. Has heroin become a more dangerous drug? Reports of fentanyl and its analogs, often concealed in or sold as heroin, have also increased sharply. This article investigates heroin injectors' perceptions and experiences of changes in the heroin supply in the East Coast city of Baltimore, Maryland, currently facing an epidemic in heroin- and fentanyl-related overdose deaths. Unusually, Baltimore's heroin market is divided between two types: "Raw," believed to be Colombian in origin and relatively pure, and the more adulterated "Scramble" (raw heroin traditionally blended with quinine and lactose). Users reported that Scramble heroin, while gaining market share, has become a highly unstable product, varying dramatically in appearance, intensity of onset, duration of action, and effect. Some considered that Scramble was no longer "heroin," but was heavily adulterated or even replaced, mentioning fentanyl, benzodiazepines, and crushed opioid pills as additives. There was intense awareness of overdose as a present danger in users' lives, which they linked to the recent adulteration of the heroin supply. Responses to this perceived adulteration varied, including information gathering, attraction, avoidance, taking precautions, and acceptance.


This article focuses on the hagiographies and debates related to Bibi Pak Daman, a small shrine in Lahore's Old City. Said to house the graves of six women from the Prophet Muhammad's household and subject to a range of theories regarding its origins, Bibi Pak Daman is critical space in validating Pakistan's religious character and centrality in broader map of Islam. The most widely disseminated claim maintains that the main mausoleum in Bibi Pak Daman is that of Bibi Ruqayyah bint Ali, daughter of ῾Ali ibn Abu Talib, the fourth of the "Rightly Guided" Caliphs and the first Shiite Imam. The implications of this presence allow devotees to link Bibi Pak Daman to seminal events in the formation of Islamic and Shiite history in particular, affirming that the lands that would become Pakistan were vital at Islam's inception, rather than a much later, peripheral recipient of Muhammad's message.

Yet like no other site in Pakistan, Bibi Pak Daman exemplifies the tensions that exist between state sanctioned religious rhetoric and local and folk traditions, with the unease with the government's role as religious arbitrator, between nationalism and communal rivalry, and within a minority Shiite community often struggling to legitimate its beliefs in a nation with a rapidly-narrowing space for public religious plurality.


Let E be an elliptic curve over ℚ. We know that the ring of endomorphisms of its reduction modulo an ordinary prime p is an order of the quadratic imaginary field generated by the Frobenius element πp. However, except in the trivial case of complex multiplication, very little is known about the fields that appear as algebras of endomorphisms when p varies. In this paper, we study the endomorphism ring by looking at the arithmetic of , the discriminant of the characteristic polynomial of πp. In particular, we give a precise asymptotic for the function counting the number of primes p up to x such that is square-free and in certain congruence class fixed a priori, when averaging over elliptic curves defined over the rationals. We discuss the relation of this result with the Lang–Trotter conjecture, and some other questions on the curve modulo p.


In Einstein's general relativity (GR), gravity is described by a massless spin-2 metric field, and the extension of GR to include a mass term for the graviton has profound implication for gravitation and cosmology. Besides the gravity experiments carried out in the Solar System and those recently with gravitational waves (GWs), pulsar timing observations provide a complementary means to test the masslessness of graviton. In this contribution, I overview three methods in probing the mass of graviton from precision timing of binary pulsars via the modified gravitational radiation (hence, the observed damping rate of the orbital period), as well as from the pulsar-timing-array (PTA) experiments via the modified Hellings-Downs angular-correlation curve. These tests probe different aspects of gravitation in its kinematics and dynamics, complementing tests of other kinds and providing valuable information to the fundamental theory of gravity.


Accurate analysis of electromagnetic fields evolution in whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators with time dependent material parameters is presented. Wavelength conversion and other possibilities of light manipulation are discussed.


Abstract Geological events of biological importance in the history of the Andes include their impact on global climates through an influence on atmospheric circulation, rainfall patterns, and the atmospheric concentration of CO2; habitat diversification from lowlands through páramo to glaciated peaks; and migratory pathways ranging from discontinuous (mesic elements), highly discontinuous (páramo elements), barriers (to east-west migrations), to selective pathways (via the dry Andean valleys). The timing of these effects is a function of the uplift history of three (to nine) morphotectonic segments of the Andes resulting in (1) mostly lowland swamp and fluvial environments in the Cretaceous and Paleocene, (2) moderate uplands beginning in the Late Eocene (ca. 40 million years ago [Ma]), (3) appression of an offshore volcanic chain (the proto–Cordillera Occidental) in the Oligocene (ca. 30 Ma), (4) uplift of the proto–Cordillera Oriental and the Altiplano to about half their present altitude by the Middle Miocene (ca. 15 Ma), and (5) uplift of the remaining half within approximately the past 10 million years. The early appearance of a biological community recognizable as the Atacama Desert is estimated at ca. 15 Ma, and the beginnings of a páramo at ca. 3.5 Ma. Longer-term (Milankovitch) and shorter-term (Younger Dryas, Medieval warm/dry period, Little Ice Age, Heinrich, and Dansgaard-Oeschger [D-O]) climatic events, known initially from the high latitudes, are now widely recognized throughout Latin America, including the Andes. They document a dynamic physical environment from the Cretaceous through the Holocene and on all timescales.


In particular, providing a resource assignment in a multi-hop wireless network with a relay station, and a technique that can be used to supply information to link the data packets and each of the resource allocation has been disclosed.


Stiff-person syndrome (SPS) is a rare disorder with an estimated prevalence in the general population of 1–2 cases/1,000,000. It is 2–3 times more common in females, with symptom onset at the age of 20–50 years in most cases. Although stiff-person syndrome is associated with antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase and amphiphysin, their presence is not necessary for the diagnosis. The treatment should be multidirectional and include immunomodulation, symptomatic treatment as well as monitoring and treatment of overlapping autoimmune, and surgery. We present a case report of a patient diagnosed with stiff-person syndrome overlapping with axonal and demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy. The diagnostic workup indicated diabetes-related polyneuropathy. About 30% of patients diagnosed with stiff-person syndrome also have diabetes. Polyneuropathy alone is rarely reported to overlap with the disorder. In our opinion, polyneuropathy may have a beneficial effect on the clinical presentation of stiff-person syndrome.


Purpose: Vaccination with HER2 peptide-pulsed DC1s stimulates a HER2 specific T-cell response. This randomized trial aimed to establish safety and evaluate immune and clinical responses to vaccination via intralesional (IL), intranodal (IN), or both intralesional and intranodal (ILN) injection. Methods: Fifty-four HER2 patients (42 pure DCIS, 12 early invasive breast cancer (IBC)) were enrolled in a neoadjuvant HER2 peptide-pulsed DC1 vaccine trial. Patients were randomized to IL (n=19), IN (n=19), or ILN (n=16) injection. Immune responses were measured in peripheral blood and sentinel lymph nodes by ELISPOT or in-vitro sensitization assay. Pathologic response was assessed in resected surgical specimens. Results: Vaccination by all injection routes was well-tolerated. There was no significant difference in immune response rates by vaccination route (IL 84.2% vs. IN 89.5% vs. ILN 66.7%; p=0.30). The pathologic complete response (pCR) rate was higher in DCIS patients compared with IBC patients (28.6% vs. 8.3%). DCIS patients who achieved pCR (n=12) and who did not achieve pCR (n=30) had similar peripheral blood anti-HER2 immune responses. All patients who achieved pCR had an anti-HER2 CD4 immune response in the sentinel lymph node and the quantified response was higher by response repertoire (p=0.03) and cumulative response (p=0.04). Conclusion: Anti-HER2 DC1 vaccination is a safe and immunogenic treatment to induce tumorspecific T-cell responses in HER2 patients; immune and clinical responses were similar independent of vaccination route. The immune response in the sentinel lymph nodes, rather than in the peripheral blood, may serve as an endpoint more reflective of anti-tumor activity. Research. on November 6, 2017. © 2016 American Association for Cancer clincancerres.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from Author manuscripts have been peer reviewed and accepted for publication but have not yet been edited. Author Manuscript Published OnlineFirst on December 13, 2016; DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-1924


This paper analyzes the conditions under which an existing bilateral free trade area (FTA) prefers to expand in size and when it prefers consolidation through customs union (CU) formation when the existing members of the FTA are asymmetric, both with respect to production technology and domestic market sizes. The analytical framework employs a standard oligopolistic strategic trade model in a three-country world. In presence of technology asymmetry, there will exist a clash of interest between the FTA members while the non-member will always prefer to join the bloc. Global free trade can be sustained as a subgame perfect Nash equilibrium only for lower degrees of production inefficiency while for higher degrees of production inefficiency a CU between the initial members can be sustained in the presence of some side payments.


Wikipedia is a rich data source for knowledge from all domains. As part of this knowledge, historical and daily events (news) are collected for different languages on special pages and in event portals. As only a small amount of events is available in structured form in DBpedia, we extract these events with a rule-based approach from Wikipedia pages. In this paper we focus on three aspects: (1) extending our prior method for extracting events for a daily granularity, (2) the automatic classification of events and (3) finding relationships between events. As a result, we have extracted a data set of about 170,000 events covering different languages and granularities. On the basis of one language set, we have automatically built categories for about 70% of the events of another language set. For nearly every event, we have been able to find related events.


Fetal epigenetic markers can be used as qualitative markers to indicate the presence of fetal DNA or as quantitative markers to quantify the amount of fetal DNA. It also can be used for the prenatal detection of fetal trisomy. Many fetal epigenetic markers have been discovered, and some of them have been applied in the clinical setting. However, large numbers of noninvasive prenatal diagnostic tests must be done in the future.

Key words:
epigenetics; DNA methylation; noninvasive prenatal diagnosis


This study is a survey on Credit Union (CU) Cikal Mas Purwokerto and Baitut
Tamwil Muhammadiyah (BTM) Dana Mentari Patikraja members in Banyumas. The
aims of this study are to determine: (1) The differences of financial literacy levels between
CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto and BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja members at the
three aspects i.e. behaviors, knowledge and attitudes, (2) The level of sharia aspects
knowledge of BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja members, (3) The implementation of interest
system of CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto, and (4) The implementation of profit sharing
system of BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja.
The population in this study are individuals in Banyumas who grouped into two
groups, i.e. the members of Credit Union Cikal Mas Purwokerto and the members of
Baitut TamwilMuhammadiyah Dana Mentari Patikraja. There were 60 respondents
taken in this study which consisted of 30 respondents for each group. Based on the research
and analysis of data using different test Mann Whitney U showed that: (1)There
are differences between the financial literacy levels of CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto
members and BTM Dana Mentari Patikraja members viewed from three aspects: behaviors,
knowledge and attitudes,(2) The level of sharia aspects knowledge of BTM
Dana Mentari Patikraja members are relatively low, (3) The implementation of interest
system in CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto as according to the theory that the loan interest
relatively smaller than the saving interest, it known based on interview with managers
of CU Cikal Mas Purwokerto, and (4) The implementation of profit sharing system
in BTM Dana Mentari Patikrajaas according to the theory used by Islamic financial
institutions that profit sharing agreement to both parties when the contract is underway.


Khalil Sarkis (1842–1915) was an eminent figure in late Ottoman Beirut and an important contributor to the nahḍa, the Arab literary-cultural "awakening" that began in the latter part of the 19th century. Less known to Western scholarship than Butrus al-Bustani, Faris al-Shidyaq, or Jurji Zaydan, he is not usually regarded as a pillar of that awakening. He may not have been, but he certainly was an indispensable brick in its edifice. Born in 1842, when the most exciting changes were still in the future, Sarkis spent all his life in the service of his country's cultural betterment. He is mostly remembered for his newspaper, Lisan al-Hal, which was launched in 1877 and for many decades was one of the most credible Arabic organs. More than a journalist, however, Sarkis was a pioneering printer, a prolific publisher, and the author of nine books. In the last quarter of the 19th century he built one of Beirut's largest printing businesses, which turned out several journals, hundreds of books, and numerous publications. In the 19th-century Middle East, being a printer often meant being a publisher; Khalil Sarkis was both on a grand scale.


Objective To investigate the application of ultrasound histogram quantitative determination in evaluating the effect of Chinese medicine on alcoholic fatty liver( AFLD). Methods A total of 60 patients diagnosed as alcoholic fatty liver( phlegm-blood stasis) were randomly divided into Chinese medicine group and western medicine group with 30 cases in each. Another 30 healthy people were involved in healthy control group. Patients in Chinese medicine group were treated with Chinese herbal medicine with an effect of invigorating spleen to resolve turbidity and promoting qi to remove stasis,while those in western medicine group were treated by vitamin B1,B 2,B 6,and folic acid. Ultrasound histogram gray-scale value A in the interest region of liver and serum markers( AST,ALT,AST / ALT,and GGT) in two groups before and after treatment were observed and compared with the healthy control group. Results there was no significant difference in parameters between Chinese medicine group and western medicine group before the treatment( P 0. 05). Compared with the healthy control group,parameters in both groups have significant difference( P 0. 05). After twelve-week treatment,ultrasound histogram gray-scale value A,AST,and GGT in Chinese medicine group and ultrasound histogram gray-scale value A in western medicine group were lower than those before treatment,( P 0. 05),moreover,ultrasound histogram gray-scale value A and GGT in Chinese medicine group were lower than those in western medicine group( P 0. 05). Conclusion There is a good consistency between the quantitative determination of ultrasound histogram and the serum markers in the effect of Chinese medicine on AFLD.


As robots enabled by artificial intelligence become more agentic, people may come to develop trust schemas based on a robot's actions and attribute blame to the robot as they would with a human partner. Trust and blame have yet to be investigated during dynamic physical coordination tasks despite the potential ramifications for manufacturing and service industries that could benefit from effective human–robot physical coordination. In anticipation of future human–robot work configurations, we developed a joint physical coordination task as a preliminary test environment for understanding trust and blame in a work partner. Fifty‐five participants were asked to jointly balance and transport a weighted box along a fixed path, and we used this test environment to evaluate the impact of a surprising event on trust in a work partner, and attribution of blame following a negative performance outcome. Results indicate that the group who experienced a surprising event compared to the group who did not trusted their partner more, but there was no difference in the attribution of blame to themselves, their partner, or to the surprising event. Conversely, the group who did not experience a surprising event tended to blame themselves for the negative outcome. These findings suggest that environmental uncertainty may prompt people's attribution of blame across multiple parties, including themselves. Moreover, people may build trust in work partners through the shared experience of surprising events. Future work would benefit from adopting our study design to investigate whether these findings are extendable to human–robot joint actors.


In this paper we have implemented an all-optical OR-gate using simultaneous Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) and Cross-Gain Modulation (XGM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA).Which incorporates two semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs).The proposed OR logic is numerically simulated by solving nonlinear coupled equations that explain cross gain modulation(XGM) effect in individual SOAs.


Given a set of functional dependencies Sigma and a single dependency sigma , it is shown that the algorithm to test whether Sigma implies sigma is log-space complete in P. The functional dependencies Sigma are represented as a directed hypergraph H/sub Sigma /. A parallel algorithm is presented which solves the above implication problem using P processors on an exclusive-read, exclusive-write parallel random access machine (EREW-PRAM) in O(e/P+n log P) time and on a concurrent-read, concurrent-write PRAM (CRCW-PRAM) in O(e/P+n) time, where e and n are the number of arcs and nodes of the graph H/sub Sigma /. For graphs H/sub Sigma / with fixed degree and diameter, it is shown that the closure H/sub Sigma //sup +/ can be computed in NC. NC algorithms are presented to obtain a nonredundant and a LR-minimum cover for the set of functional dependencies Sigma . All the algorithms on an n-node directed hypergraph with fixed degree and diameter can be implemented to run in O(log/sup 2/ n) time with M(n) processors on a CREW-PRAM model, where M(n) is the cost of multiplying two binary matrices. The algorithms are efficient based on the transitive closure bottleneck phenomenon.<<ETX>>


In this paper, a sliding mode control (SMC) method is introduced to design a control methodology for the ball and beam experimental setup (BBS) that consists of a servo motor, beam and ball. The proposed control method is realized in two cascaded control structures such that primary and secondary, respectively. In the primary part, called outer loop, the position of the ball is controlled by changing the angle of the beam. In the secondary part, called inner loop, the needed voltage is generated to determine appropriate position angle of the servo motor to adjust the position of the beam. Furthermore, a well-tuned conventional PI controller is also applied to the system to indicate the priority and effectiveness of the SMC. The results obtained in real-time show that the SMC is better than the PI controller in the aspect of reference tracking, fast response to the changes and accuracy as well.


A hydrogen energy system will require the production of hydrogen from coal-based gasification plants and its transmission through long distance pipelines at 70 - 100 bar. To overcome some problems of current gasifiers, which are limited in pressure capability, two options are explored, in-plant compression of the syngas and compression of the hydrogen at the plant exit. It is shown that whereas in-plant compression using centrifugal machines is practical, this is not a solution when compressing hydrogen at the plant exit. This is because of the low molecular weight of the hydrogen. It is also shown that if centrifugal compressors are to be used in a pipeline system, pressure drops will need to be restricted as even an advanced two-stage centrifugal compressor will be limited to a pressure ratio of 1.2. High strength steels are suitable for the in- plant compressor, but aluminium alloy will be required for a hydrogen pipeline compressor. The introduction of hydrogen in the energy system as an energy alternative carrier is drawing much interest in Europe, offering significant advantages including reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, enhancing energy suppling security and improving economical competitiveness. Even at the present time, hydrogen has a major use in the petrochemical and oil refining industries, where it is mainly produced from natural gas and oil (1). In the future, coal based gasification however, is likely to play a key role in European large-scale hydrogen production (2). These will be based on entrained flow gasification as this type of gasifier maximises hydrogen production and facilitates the capture of carbon as CO 2, whereby it can be stored in geological reservoirs or used for enhanced oil recovery. A condition for the successful penetration of hydrogen in the energy system is its supply from the production facility at high pressure, as this will enable hydrogen to be transmitted via long distance pipelines (3). The hydrogen transmission pressure should be similar to that in the natural gas pipeline network, i.e. in excess of 70 bar. For a natural gas pipeline network, this pressure level is kept reasonably constant using booster stations with centrifugal compressors, which are set at about every 50 - 100 km and raise pressures by a factor of 1.2 - 1.4 at each compressor station. In general these compressors are of single or two stage type and are driven by an aeroderived gas turbine, fuelled by natural gas from the pipeline. The operating speed of the gas turbine and the pipeline compressor are similar, simplifying the drive mechanism. For the same energy throughputs as a natural gas system, a hydrogen pipeline will be subjected to similar or even slightly higher pressure drops. Although the low density and viscosity of hydrogen will reduce pressure drops for the same flow rate as natural gas, because hydrogen has to be transmitted at 3 - 4 times the flow rate, to compensate for its much lower calorific value (10.8 MJ/Nm 3 compared with 35 - 40 MJ/Nm 3 for natural gas) pressure drops will be in fact greater. Unfortunately the compression of hydrogen using centrifugal machines is extremely difficult because of its low density. This is caused by the low molecular weight of hydrogen, requiring the use of multistage


Based on a special sampling technique, we present a special structure for distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. As a conventional equivalent π phase-shift sampling Bragg grating (SBG), this proposed structure also introduces an equivalent π phase-shift into both its ±1st order channel. Combined with the conventional equivalent π phase-shift, the sampling technique can be used to design and fabricate multiwavelength semiconductor or fiber lasers conveniently.


This paper has analyzed the Moser's curved ray tracing method based on the shortest path in the network for the calculation of sonic rays。 We propose the number of nodes in the boundary of mesh and the selection of the ray path based on the synthetic numerical modeling of the two typical structure such as low velocity fault and high velocity of dike。 The synthetic inversion by using of the SIRT method shows that the Moser's curved ray tracing method combined with SIRT inversion can give a satisfied cross section of the velocity structures.


Background: The paper plots some shifts in educational policy between 1988 and 2009 in England that launched the rhetoric of a 'gender gap' as a key political and social concern. The rhetoric was fuelled by a rise in the importance of quantification in technologies of accountability and global comparisons of achievement. A focus on boys and attainment emerged, along with new requirements for measuring educational achievement in the context of debates about standards and the growing marketisation of education following the 1988 Educational Reform Act (ERA) in England and Wales. Purpose: Theoretically, the paper explores the effect of 'gender gap' rhetoric on pedagogy. The arguments about pedagogy presented here are based on the premise that sex-group is different from gender. Sex-group is a form of labelling and categorising persons as either male or female with reference to a biological classification that focuses on genitalia and reproductive organs. The emergence of 'gender gap' rhetoric is investigated within a temporal perspective, through an overview of guidance to teachers about pedagogy published between 1932 and 2007. This temporal lens becomes a heuristic for presenting the main point of the paper, which is that technologies of measurement construct reified representations of the learner. This is used to demonstrate how gender, as a sociocultural and political phenomenon, morphed into sex-group, a biological categorisation, and how this has had unintended effects of pedagogy. Sources of evidence: Analysis of three landmark educational documents focuses on changes in representations of society, the learner and pedagogy. The documents are the Hadow Report (1931), the Plowden Report (1967) and a guidance document for teachers called 'Confident, Capable and Creative: supporting boys' achievements' (Department for Children, Schools and Families 2007, http://www.foundationyears.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Confident_Capable_Boys.pdf). Main argument: Analysis demonstrates the way that technologies of measurement construct reified or 'ideal' representations of the learner and how technologies used for measuring sex-group difference have changed across time. Shifts in representations of the learner, from the 'bone child' to the 'gene child' and eventually to the 'masculine child' were detected. These shifts represent a gradual decline in the emphasis on pedagogy as nurture, towards a heightened focus on the supposedly innate characteristics of individuals, in line with neoliberalism. Conclusions: The discussion points to some of the unintended effects on pedagogy and practice that take place when gender becomes sex. If teachers are constantly presented with the message that boys and girls learn differently due to innate genetic make-up, they may assume that whatever pedagogic strategies they employ, these will be ineffective in the face of what some educational consultants tell them are boys' and girls' innate genetic features. In effect, teachers are being told that biology controls learning and that social and cultural contexts, and thus their own classroom environments, cannot counter the forces of nature. Some methodological implications of studying gender as opposed to sex-group are discussed. The conclusion advocates a shift back to the study of gender as a historical, sociocultural phenomenon.


Wireless Sensor nodes (WSN) are used in many environmental monitoring applications, such as radioactive radiation leakage. Radioactive Substances in our surrounding environment, are very harmful to the human body and other living creatures, when are exposed to these Radiations. This might cause harmful effects in the long run for example when plants get exposed to radiations, food from them gets contaminated and radiation reaches human body as a consequence. Methods utilized in monitoring Radiations currently are manual, which lacks accuracy. Main sources of Radiations leakages could be, Nuclear Power Station, Atomic Bombs and Industrial Waste. It has been observed that, there is no mechanism to monitor and detect Radiation leakages. The objective of this study is to come up with a mechanism to monitor and detect Radiations leakages by using wireless sensor nodes (temperature sensor). The work adopts an empirical approach, in which a radiation detection sensor board is designed to help measuring the e is designed to monitor the leakage, which could read the radiation level automatically and send the information levels of radiation of affected zone without compromising the live of security and rescue teams. For this reason we have designed a sensor board.The hardware real time using wireless Arduino-Compatible Prototyping Platform to control point without human intervention, data logger and displayed by programing language (LAPVIEW). Radiations leakages could easily be monitored and detected, if the right technic and methodology is applied, this could be by utilizing Wireless Radiation Detection Technology to protect the humanity from serious harmfulness.


This research tries to offer a solution to face the challenges of Islamic banks nowadays. It is known that Islamic banking in Indonesia was reached twentieth age, but has only 5 % from total market share in Indonesia. This is a contradiction to the fact that Indonesia is a largest muslim country in the world. This problem is related to some factors. First, muslim's rationality in economic, which doesn't consider halal or haram to pursue the material wealth. Second, their lack of understanding of Islamic bank. Third, there is no support from Islamic institution. Fourth, Islamic banks in Indonesia operate in mix economic system which has lack of regulation, because system of control is mixed with the conventional banks. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate the strategy of Islamic banks development to face the competition with the conventional. It is directed to the development of business competency comprehensively referring to the strength and weaknesses analysis of Islamic banks in Indonesia, such as new imaging program, expansion of market share program, development product program, service enhancement program and open and universal communication program.


Spectral computed tomography with energy-resolving detectors has a potential to improve the detectability of images and correspondingly reduce the radiation dose to patients by extracting and prope ...


The intent of this international poster project revolves around global concerns. The urgent need to protect our environment, as a way to preserve the human species, is fundamental to the way we educate and engage present and
future generations.
Visual Communication Design students of the Instituto Superior de Diseno in Havana, Cuba and students of the Bachelor of Mediarts of the Waikato Institute of Technology in Hamilton, and contexts, but they have in common the
sensitivity to care for the environment and the certainity that something can be done to contribute to eco-educational awareness. It is for this reason that students and tutors from both institutes have joined communication space for academic and cultural exchange on this topic.
This project was made possible within existing courses in the two institutions; where students environs, researched the issues and conceptualised and developed the poster designs. The outcome of this experience is the joint exhibition of twenty posters that will be part of the Forma 2015 VIII Congreso Internacional de Diseno "Diseno con Sentido" in Havana (16-18 June 2015) and at Wintec in
Hamilton.


It provides a method and apparatus for treating congestive heart By actively or passively improved perfusion to the renal arteries. The first embodiment includes a balloon catheter and an extracorporeal pump specially configured, in this embodiment, the pump, the "once-through" type, or operate in an alternating volume displacement mode. In another embodiment, the catheter includes a pair of balloons for isolating a region of the aorta, and a third balloon sending the flow into the renal arteries. In yet a further embodiment, a stent or cuff having a confinement region, respectively, placed in the aorta or in a para-aortic, and generates a back pressure upstream of the stent or cuff. How to strengthen the kidney perfusion is also provided.


Current–potential responses in cyclic voltammetry and in preparative-scale electrolysis are established for two-electron two-step homogeneous molecular catalysis after systematic categorization of the various possible reaction schemes. They allow the derivation of catalytic Tafel plots, reflecting the intrinsic properties of the catalysts independent of contingent electrolysis parameters. They serve as a rational basis for benchmarking catalysts of the same electrochemical reaction within the same log(turnover frequency) versus overpotential plane of merit.


The successful operation of a cement plant and integration of the purchase of pollution control equipment while still maintaining clean air requirements has become a real challenge to the production sector. Fabric selection for fabric filter dust collectors is a vital factor in the air pollution control equipment decision that must be made on a location by location basis. Fabric selection cannot be generalized from baghouse to baghouse. Filter bags/elements represent a major investment as well as a highly technical decision that warrants extensive evaluation. After choosing the correct filter bags/elements, it is equally important to protect them in order to keep production at maximum capacity.


There is a close link between the process of parallel stylistic ideas of history. The prosperity of parallel in practical writings and official documents had a bearing on the nostalgia for poetic sentiment of moral integrity begun with Collection of Ancient Texts. Yet there was a trend in history to be for prose writing and against parallel which managed to find its position and display quite a difference in the development of parallel stylistic ideas..


Purpose: The purpose of this study is to conduct a thorough review of the results, contributions, and limitations of forecasting studies in the hotel industry to uncover how those studies contribute to the body of knowledge and what limitations of those studies should be filled by future studies.
Design/methodology/approach: To uncover the overall trends and evolution of hotel forecasting findings, this study used a systematic literature review approach to ensure the strictness and transparency of the review process. To select a paper to be reviewed, two main review processes including keyword searching and citation counts of each paper were conducted. To assure the rigor of our first two procedures, this study took further steps including cross-checking the results of those studies and calculating the average citation per year of the selected studies. The selected papers were analyzed based upon their forecasting areas, the contribution of each paper by using citation score, frequency of using methodology or techniques, demographic characteristics of authors, and major trends of the forecasting studies.
Findings: This research has compiled a list of the most cited papers, as well as the average number of citations per year, the top list of the most used nations and subject areas which manifested the contribution to the body of literature in this study.
Research limitations/implications: Future research should consider using other platforms such as Web of Science (WoS) or Scopus to emphasize more the impact and value of the literature study. The outcome of this study will help other researchers to have a better understanding of the used models in forecasting the industry as well as to decipher the most and the least studied research areas in the forecasting hotel industry.
Originality/value: This study explored the overall development, contributions, and limitations of forecasting studies in the hospitality industry in an updated, thorough literature analysis. The themes and types of research that have already been studied can be seen by the researchers, as well as those that have not yet been explored.


Objective To study the expression of Ku70 protein and its clinical significance in the patients with locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma.Methods The expression of Ku70 protein in 100 patients with locally advanced laryngeal cancer of laryngeal biopsy specimens before treatment were detected by immunohistochemistry.The relationship was analyzed between the Ku70 protein expression and clinical pathological features of tumor,such as the stage,smoking,lymph node metastasis and survival rate and so on.Results The overexpression rate of Ku70 protein was 45% in locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma tissue,and its high expression was closely related with the N stage(P0.01),but not obvious related with T stage,TNM stage,smoking and gender.The 5-year survival rate about 45 cases with overexpression of Ku70 protein and 55 cases with low expression was 37%,58% respectively(P0.05).Conclusion There are overexpression of Ku70 protein in locally advanced laryngeal carcinoma,detecting its expression level has an important reference value for the individual treatment,targeted therapy and prognosis prediction.


The
 aim of this work is a quantitative description of the connections between the excitation laser flash intensity
 and the parameters of the transient photo-EMF. The models suggested in this paper were checked by experimental
 data obtained from layers of the organic photoconductors N,N′-dimethylperylenetetracarboxylic
 bisimide (MePe, n-type photoconductor) and copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc, p-type photoconductor) dispersed
 in poly(vinyl butyrale) (PVB) as binder. The models used are valid both for a neglectable and for a real
 dark charge carrier concentration. Nevertheless, recombination is the most important pathway of charge
 carrier disappearance in both photoconductors. The models may also describe the influence of laser flash intensity
 if the sample is illuminated by continuous white xenon light additional to the laser flash and also if the laser
 is focused on a very small sample area. The model valid for a real dark charge carrier concentration
 yields the best reproduction of the experimental data. In the case of neglectable dark charge carrier concentrations
 this model may be simplified. Then it permits an estimation of the mobility ratio of electrons
 and holes μn/μp: for example at
 excitation wavelength
 λflash
= 580 nm the
 ratio μn/μp amounts to 1.35 for MePe and 0.73 for CuPc.


I have been called to the coroner's court.I have not done this before and I have been told a great many different tales about it. I wondered if you could tell me what it is really like.


The potential contribution of microfungi to reed decomposition in a coastal habitat (Le Cesine Lagoon, Italy) was investigated under laboratory and field conditions. Leaf pack mass and surface loss, ergosterol content and O 2 uptake were used to construct carbon budgets and an empirical ergosterol-to-O 2 uptake relationship based on literature data was used to estimate the contribution of microfungi. Under laboratory conditions, reed carbon loss was entirely due to leaching and microbial respiration. In contrast, C losses observed in the field were accounted for by microbial respiration and macroinvertebrate shredding almost equally. Microfungi were estimated to account for 98% and 69% of microbially-respired carbon under laboratory and field conditions, respectively. Our results provide a preliminary, quantitative assessment of microfungal contribution to reed decomposition in brackish habitats.


This chapter was published in the book, These Englands: A conversation on national identity [© Manchester University Press]. The publisher's website is at: http://www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk/


Inelastic pion scattering from $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ has been studied by measuring the spectrum of pions down to 40 MeV at five angles between 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 134\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} for three incident pion energies: 114, 163, and 240 MeV. The spectra are dominated by a broad peak due to quasielastic scattering from a single nucleon in the nucleus. The systematics of the spectra are discussed with emphasis on the pion-nucleus interaction dynamics including the effect of absorption. The partial ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$-$^{16}\mathrm{O}$ cross sections for all nonradiative channels are estimated.