On I July 1992 the Road Traffic Act 1991 substituted a new offence of causing death by dangerous driving for the offence of causing death by reckless driving with the maximum penalty remaining at five years' imprisonment and minimum disqualification at two years. 1 The offence of reckless driving became driving dangerously with a maximum of two years' imprisonment and a mandatory 12 months' minimum disqualification.i The Act also created a new offence of causing death by careless driving while unfit to drive through drink or with an excess alcohol level carrying a maximum sentence of five years' imprisonment and obligatory disqualification for 12 months.' Subsequently, the Aggravated Vehicle-Taking Act 1992


This paper is written about the response of japanese government on Korean funeral ashes after World War II, to put it concretely, repatriation policy...


The energy resolution of an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) equipped with an ultrathin window (UTW) and mounted at a high take‐off angle (72°) on a transmission electron microscope has been studied under a variety of operating conditions. The spectrometer resolution is close to that specified by the manufacturer, up to count rates of 400 cps. Above 400 cps the resolution deteriorates rapidly, and the MCA dead time and zero width increase. Above 10 ke V, the height of the background is much greater than expected for bremsstrahlung and shows the shape which has previously been attributed to backscattered electron flux into the detector. It is postulated that the deterioration in resolution with count rate is caused by backscattered electrons reaching the detector through the UTW. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Abstract : The funds have been used entirely to support a CUNY Ph.D. student who has conducted extensive measurements of the magnetic properties of molecular magnets. Most of the attention was directed toward experimentally studying quantum tunneling of magnetism in Mn12-acetate.


Abstract Based on the research of the collection of 30 patients were analyzed,Qi and blood circulation method can improve patient clinical symptoms of qi stagnation and blood stasis type adenomyosis,especially dysmenorrhea.It is high safety and non-toxic.Qi and blood circulation method can reduce the serum CA125 and anti-endometrial antibody levels.Qi and blood circulation method has no effect in improving the uterine volume.Clinical observations confirmed of uterine adenomyosis qi stagnancy and blood stasis and qi huoxue method has good clinical curative effect.


Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of community rehabilitation in patients with stroke sequelae. Methods One hundred and twenty-three patients of stroke sequelae in our hospital from June 2010 to June 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. Developed the community rehabilitation on the basis of conventional treatment which was including hospitalization in community health service centers and home rehabilitation (such as exercise of limb functional, functions of finger's flexion and extension, the spastic muscle therapy, as well as infrared treatment, etc.). The clinical efficacy of the method was observed and statisticsed. Results Statistics informed that two cases were cured (younger), 67 cases were marked, 46 cases were effectived and 8 cases were invalided. The total effective rate was 93.50% and the age and time of onset had a certain impact on the efficacy. Conclusion Community-based rehabilitation therapy can significantly improve the symptoms of patients with stroke sequelae. Then timely treatment can effectively improve the clinical effect which is worth to use in clinical practice.


This is the first evaluation study on the acceptability and accuracy of the Reflotron, a desktop analyzer for cholesterol screening in general practice in Hong Kong. Patients aged 21-60 attending a Government general outpatient clinic in Hong Kong were randomly selected. The acceptance rate of screening was 69%. A total of 1113 subjects had their cholesterol levels screened by the Reflotron. The accuracy of the Reflotron was assessed by comparing its results to laboratory blood cholesterol (BC) results in 125 subjects. The mean error of the Reflotron cholesterol measurements was 6% which was larger than that recommended by the American National Cholesterol Education Programme. Therefore, the diagnosis or treatment of hypercholesterolaemia should not be based on the Reflotron result alone. There was a good linear correlation between the Reflotron cholesterol (RC) and blood cholesterol (BC) with a negative bias in the Reflotron results. Blood cholesterol could be predicted from RC by the regression equation: BC = 0.8395 + 0.8995 x RC. The Reflotron is useful as an initial screening test for hypercholesterolaemia in the low risk population. The threshold levels need to be adjusted accordingly, and abnormal results should be confirmed by standard laboratory tests. It is estimated that one could save H.K.$51.6 million if the Reflotron instead of the laboratory were used to screen all people aged 40 to 60 years old in Hong Kong once.


The present work proposes a new device for local pulse wave velocity (PWV), by using an innovative configuration of a double piezoelectric (PZ) sensor probe. PWV is assessed in one single location and involves the determination of time delay, between the signals acquired simultaneously by two PZs, 23 mm apart. The double probe (DP) is characterized in a dedicated test bench system, where two main studies were carried out. In the first one, the impulse response (IR) for each PZ sensor is determined and evaluated through the deconvolution method. In the second one, DP time resolution is estimated from a set of time delay algorithms and compared with the reference values, obtained through the signals of two pressure sensors. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the inferred IRs in deconvolution purposes and the possibility of measure higher PWV values (≈ 19m/s), through the DP, with an error less than 10%.


1. Synopsis of trip: I flew to Knoxville on May 31 and rented an autarcbile to drive to Norris. I was met in Norris by Svein Vigander. He briefed me on the problem and what was expected during my visit. The next day, I met with Ely Driver, Branch Chief of the Hydraulic Latoratoiy and his assistant, Bill Waidrop. Following a tour of the labs, I met with Ted Fain, the principal investigator of the project. He showed me the model. We discussed his investigation and analysis. The following day, I had concluding discussions with Vigander and Driver. I returned to Knoxville and flew back to Denver.


The penetration rates in axial direction and radical direction of sapwood and heartwood of triploid of polulus tomentosa in different temperatures were studied. The results show that the penetration rates in axial direction are more rapid than those in radical direction, the penetration rate in the axial direction of sapwood is a little more rapid than that in the axial direction of heartwood, the penetration rate in the radical direction of sapwood is almost the same as that in the radical direction of heartwood. The results also show that the higher the temperature is, the higher the penetration rate is.


The flotation separation behaviour of mercury (Ⅱ) with sodium nitrate ammonium thiocyanate hexadecyl trimethylammoniun bromide system and the conditions for the separation of mercury (Ⅱ) from other metal ions were studied. It showed that Hg(Ⅱ) can be separated from Cd(Ⅱ), Al(Ⅲ), Ni(Ⅱ), Co(Ⅱ), Mn(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅱ) by flotation at pH=1.0


Complicated electromagnetic environment the unmanned surveillance aircrafts work in makes the electronic reconnaissance channel complex and varied. Starting with the fading mechanism of the unmanned surveillance aircraft communication reconnaissance channel and according to its characteristics,the wide- sense stationary- uncorrelated scattering( WSSUS) channel model is selected for modeling. Monte Carlo simulation method is used and the simulation results of the time- varying transform function of unmanned surveillance aircraft communication reconnaissance channel in different environments are obtained. On this basis,some suggestions on UAV combat application are presented.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to study propagation characteristics of methane explosion in the pipe network and analyze the propagation laws of methane explosion wave along the elbow pipe and pipe network. Design/methodology/approach – Numerical simulation using software package AutoReaGas, a finite-volume computational code for fluid dynamics suitable for gas explosion and blast problems, is adopted to simulate the propagation characteristics of methane explosion and the property of flow field in complex structures. Findings – Due to reflection effects of corners of elbow pipe, the peak overpressures at corner locations in the elbow pipe go about two times higher than that in the straight pipe. In the parallel pipe network, the peak overpressure increases significantly at the intersection point, while the flame speed decreases at the junction. All these indicate that pipe corners and bifurcations could substantially enhance explosion partly which can bring more severe damage at the corner area. ...


brings an original perspective to Irish migration studies by providing an in-depth exploration of migrant associations in contemporary Ireland. This book makes an important contribution to Irish migration studies by focusing on the role of migrant-led organizations as vehicles of social change and integration. Given the isolation often associated with the migration experience, organizations and associations can be seen as providing a vital social link for migrants in contemporary Ireland. Migrant-led organizations and associations provide a communal focus and a rallying point for group solidarity, and are shown to be a central means through which migrants both assert their presence in Ireland and engage in a


During pregnancy, numerous changes to all maternal body systems (anatomic, physiologic, and biochemical) allow for fetal development and protection, prepare for labor, and compensate for new demands. Variables such as maternal age, multiple gestations, existing health conditions, and genetic factors can affect the mother's ability to adapt to the demands of pregnancy. Pregnancy can mask or aggravate preexisting diseases in women who, thanks to advances in medical care, are able to conceive with comorbidities that make their obstetric care more complex or place their health at risk. Healthcare personnel must understand the normal physiology of pregnancy to optimize the outcome for these patients.


Research into the detection of human activities from wearable sensors is a highly active field, benefiting numerous applications, from ambulatory monitoring of healthcare patients via fitness coaching to streamlining manual work processes. We present an empirical study that compares 4 different commonly used annotation methods utilized in user studies that focus on in-the-wild data. These methods can be grouped in user-driven, in situ annotations - which are performed before or during the activity is recorded - and recall methods - where participants annotate their data in hindsight at the end of the day. Our study illustrates that different labeling methodologies directly impact the annotations' quality, as well as the capabilities of a deep learning classifier trained with the data respectively. We noticed that in situ methods produce less but more precise labels than recall methods. Furthermore, we combined an activity diary with a visualization tool that enables the participant to inspect and label their activity data. Due to the introduction of such a tool were able to decrease missing annotations and increase the annotation consistency, and therefore the F1-score of the deep learning model by up to 8% (ranging between 82.1 and 90.4% F1-score). Furthermore, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the methods compared in our study, the biases they may could introduce and the consequences of their usage on human activity recognition studies and as well as possible solutions.


This study investigates the effects of temperature on the quartz crystal microbalance for thermogravimetric analyses in space. The studied microbalance differs from literature ones because of the device's innovative built-in heater and temperature sensor, made with deposited film over the crystal. Temperature gradient is expected on the crystal due to the presence of the built-in heater, an issue that has not yet been deeply investigated. The crystal temperature was measured by means of infrared thermography, while a finite element approach served the purpose of investigating mechanical resistance and dynamic behavior. A non-uniform temperature distribution was detected when the heater circuit was fed, and thanks to the developed FE model, deformed shape and stress values were determined. A dynamic model of the microbalance has been developed and the thickness shear frequency at ambient temperature was correctly found at 10 MHz. Uniform temperature distribution has been applied to the crystal in order to evaluate the frequency shift. The model was tested at temperatures up to 90 °C, providing differences with the experimental values smaller than 60 Hz. Moreover, a temperature gradient (90 °C at the center, 23°C at the edge of the disk) was applied in the model. The resulting resonance was 1.7 kHz higher with respect to the uniform 90 °C temperature field case, highlighting the importance of the temperature gradients on the microbalance performance. The conclusion is that the microbalance's innovative heater causes thermal gradients that, although not critical from the point of view of mechanical resistance, ultimately cause frequency shifts. Thus, an experimentally determined correction factor for frequency will be necessary to correct the measurements during heating and retrieve correct results from thermogravimetric analyses.


Spermiogenesis is a dynamic process which includes organelle reorganization and new structure formation. The morphology and distribution of the mitochondria in germ cells change to accommodate the cellular requirement. Multiple molecular motors and related proteins participate in carrying and anchoring mitochondria to the midpiece during spermiogenesis and this process is regulated precisely. Energetic metabolism provides energy for cellular activity and influences sperm survival and motility directly. Ubiquitination of mitochondria takes place during spermiogenesis, which has been implicated in sperm quality control and mitochondrial inheritance. In light of the essential roles of mitochondria in energy production, calcium homeostasis and apoptosis, mitochondria dysfunction cause severe human diseases, such as male infertility. The present study paves a way for a more detailed exploration of the biology of mitochondria during spermiogenesis.


The increasing prevalence of diabetes among children increases the demand for cost-effective psychosocial interventions. This article reviews the efficacy of group-based psychological interventions designed to improve psychological adaptation, adherence to the treatment regimen, and diabetes-related medical outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. To help treatment providers incorporate empirically supported treatment components into group-based diabetes clinical programs, the review also discusses the challenges of transferring these interventions from clinical research trial to clinical setting.


This work presents a Sentinel-2 based exploratory workflow for the estimation of Above Ground Biomass (AGB) in a Mediterranean forest. Up-to-date and reliable mapping of AGB has been increasingly required by international commitments under the climate convention, and in the last decades, remote sensing-based studies on the topic have been widely investigated. After the generation of several vegetation and topographic features, the proposed approach consists of 4 major steps: 1) Feature selection 2) AGB prediction with k-Nearest Neighbour (kNN), Random Forest (RF), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN); 3) hyper-parameters fine-tuning with Bayesian Optimization; and finally, 4) model explanation with the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) package. The following results were obtained: 1) before hyper-parameters optimization, the Deep Neural Network (DNN) yielded the best performance with a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 42.30 $t/ha$; 2) after hyper-parameters fine-tuning with Bayesian Optimization, the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB) model yielded the best performance with a RMSE of 37.79 $t/ha$; 3) model explanation with SHAP allowed for a deeper understanding of the features impact on the model predictions. Finally, the predicted AGB throughout the study area showed an average value of 83 $t/ha$, ranging from $0\ t/ha$ to 346.56 $t/ha$.


This paper reviews the authors' experiences with video detection systems (VDS) for detecting specific buses in a left-side bus-lane and then providing a queue jump phase to allow buses to make right turns from the leftmost lane across 3 traffic lanes. The paper briefly describes different types of transit detection systems and their applications in San Francisco, California. It explains the problem the authors tried to resolve by using video detection and why video detection was selected in this case. The techniques used to selectively detect right turning buses by using a VDS are also covered. The implementation, maintenance, fine-tuning, and cost issues for such a system are discussed. Findings of before/after travel time studies are presented. The paper concludes with suggestions on how video detection can be used for transit priority, and provides some lessons learned.


Contrary to the problem that part-of-speech of compound-word is difficult to determine,this paper proposed a tagging algorithm of compound-word part-of-speech based on head-feature percolation.Firstly,the algorithm recognition the compound-words of an article,and analyzes the composition of compound-word,then got the word formation rules of compound-word,and used the headfeature percolation theory to determine the core component of compound-word,and provides explicit and implicit two compound-word part-ofspeech methods,lastly,correction the results of segmentation.The experimental results show that this part-of-speech tagging method is appropriate,compound-word part-of-speech tagging accuracy achieved 91% in the given text set.


Down the centuries, it has been considered that in general a doctor is only under a duty to exercise reasonable care in treating a patient. While the latter is entitled to a high standard of treatment, results are not guaranteed. In the United States, courts have imposed more onerous obligations, but in England there has been no real challenge to this position until now. The doctor's liability in contract has always had the potential of going beyond mere negligence, but the general concentration on tort actions and understandable uncertainties as to the scope of contractual liability meant that this potential was never explored.


careers of two important but hitherto relatively obscure irish tune collectors: Patrick Weston Joyce and Frank roche. Four articles are largely based on data gathered through personal observation and collected oral histories. Gregory hansen shows how fiddler richard keith Seaman's manner of stage presentation at contemporary folk festivals was shaped by his participation in the fiddling and square dance scene that flourished in parts of Florida during the first half of the twentieth century. Samantha breslin describes how a local fascination with irish jigs and reels gleaned from media sources has all but taken over the traditional music session scene in St. John's, newfoundland. lesley ham details how new steps and step-combinations have evolved during the last few decades within the new england contra dance revival. And chris Stone's focus is how contemporary Scottish fiddler Aidan o'rourke balances the elements of creativity and tradition to energize his arrangements and compositions. two offerings, by Patricia ballantyne and mats melin, respectively, represent a blend of archival work and oral-history research. ballantyne analyzes the historical and cultural forces that discourage highland pipers from playing danceable rhythms, while melin describes the development and localization of the quadrille and other social dance forms on cape breton island, nova Scotia. Four studies focus on detailed interpretation of music and music notation. Gaila kirdiené and chris Goertzen base their work on close analysis of descriptive notation; kirdiené looks at the art of droning in Finnish fiddling; Goertzen describes evolution in the crafting of variations in texas contest fiddling. elaine bradke's focus is prescriptive notation, as she compares and contrasts various collected variants to determine the true sources for the repertoire of John robbins, an early "revivalist" morris Dance musician. emma nixon explores the transmission of style at modern day Scottish fiddling workshops, counting the number of bowing and noting ornaments that appear on recordings of these events, and then determining how many such demonstrations were accompanied by explicit instruction. lastly, two selections based primarily on personal experience focus on the state of contemporary pedagogy in music and dance. catherine Foley describes her tenure as director of an mA program in step-dancing at the university of limerick and muses on the future of the genre. The volume is concluded with the presentation of a panel of prominent fiddle instructors from around the north Atlantic who discuss the state of the field. A detailed perusal of this volume reveals many hidden gems—asides, little-known facts, and secondary themes—that are sure to pique the interest of the fiddle-music scholar and enthusiast. Given my areas of expertise, for example, i was intrigued to discover that there was a prominent collector of morris dancing who pre-dated cecil Sharp (p. 35); that the development of droning in european fiddle music was a continent-wide phenomenon and not at all the invention of any particular celtic or north American tradition (p. 74); and that cape breton's Scottish self-image is as much the result of a 1930s-era "tartanist" cultural movement, as it is the product of immigration patterns and cultural retention (pp. 139–40). Routes & Roots comprehensively illustrates the current state of the field and deserves a place in both personal and university libraries devoted to folklore and ethnomusicology. This volume could also serve as an effective course text for introductory classes, both to illustrate the kinds of fiddle-music research that are currently possible and to point the way to future projects.


Abstract In the post‐cold war era, transnational migratory forces and trends have greatly re‐configured the globe, making any systematic understanding difficult. This article attempts to induce some clarity in understanding the phenomena by way of relating migration forces and flows with security and stability, especially as these concepts pertain to Southeast Asia in particular and the Asia‐Pacific region in general. It argues that instabilities are likely to persist as long as states and societies in the region continue to view security and migration from a narrow (albeit, compartmentalized) perspective. Changing notions of security now compel nations to re‐think the defence threats and issues that confront them. Security is now increasingly seen from a multi‐dimensional (i.e. developmental) standpoint where labour flows and markets play an important role. At the same time, transnational labour migration causes a number of socio‐cultural, economic and political tensions that highlight the security sensi...


A 53-year-old woman presents with a 4-day history of a pruritic eruption on her leg. She had a benign lesion surgically excised with 2-layer suture closure 1 week before onset of the eruption.


Under the Offshore Installations (Construction and Survey) Regulations 1974 all structures established or maintained in UK waters must possess a valid certificate of fitness. To obtain this certificate annual visual inspections of parts of the structure must be carried out both above and below water. A major survey of the complete structure or platform is required every five years. Underwater inspections may be carried out down to 50 m by divers on surface demand. Below 50 m when divers are involved it is essential to use either a diving bell or lock-out submersible. To avoid saturation diving and reduce diving hazards, the unmanned submersible has been developed as an underwater inspection tool. Various navigation systems have been developed for offshore position fixing. Deepwater navigation and surveying relies on a combination of surface radio stations and seabed underwater acoustic transponders. Platform navigation for underwater inspection and maintenance is a major problem due to poor diving access and few underwater reference points. The inefficiency of the present diver operated navigation and survey systems round platforms is now being investigated by a research team from the University of Strathclyde. Preliminary tests of equipment have already been carried out in a diving tank and at sea.


The generation of subnanosecond dye laser pulses from an excimer pumped dye laser, using a saturable absorber, is investigated. Subnanosecond pulses from rhodamine 610 and rhodamine 640 dye lasers, using cresyl violet as a saturable absorber, are reported. Self-pulse modulation was also observed.


Photochemical and physical-properties of tapered-fibers covered with free-base-porphyrin films prepared by self-assembled monolayer (SAM) deposition method are reported. Detection of different hydrochloric-acid-concentrations has been carried out. Photoactive-materials as porphyrin-molecules, hold promise for development of chemical-sensors.


Predictable and unexpected events have long threatened the continuity and profitability of supply chains, especially multinational ones. Human-made catastrophes and natural tragedies can cause supply chain interruptions. Several events, such as the earthquakes in Gujarat (2001). The COVID-19 epidemic has thrown demand and supply into disarray, and most businesses have yet to devise a strategy for enhancing their resilience and recovery. Industry 4.0 refers to a series of technologies, principles, and methods to make manufacturing systems more autonomous, evolving, adaptable, and precise. The proposed hypotheses is the impact of Industry 4.0 practices have positive impact on supply chain resilience and different Artificial Intelligence techniques are incorporated that have positive impact on supply chain resilience. The findings of the study indicates that Industry 4.0 technologies, i.e Artificial Intelligence, has a substantial influence on supply chain and its resilience.


The permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB) to β‐hydroxybutyrate (β‐HB) was computed in fed and starved (five days) rats by the simultaneous measurement of cerebral blood flow (diffusible indicator method‐123I‐iodoantipyrine) and brain uptake of 14C‐β‐HB (relative to a 3H2O reference). The results from the present study demonstrate that the movement of β‐HB across the BBB in rat is by a carrier‐mediated process. During starvation, total movement (carrier‐mediated and diffusionary) of this ketone body into brain was observed to be enhanced because of an increase in the diffusionary loss across the cerebral capillary. The calculated transport kinetics also suggest that the β‐HB molecule has a greater affinity for the transport (mediator) protein during starvation, although the maximal rate of uptake by brain due to a carrier processes mediated Vmax is decreased either because there is a smaller quantity of the mediating molecule or because there is trans inhibition by a high cellular concentration of β‐HB or some analog.


A. Kotb, S. Ma, Z. Chen, N. K. Dutta and G. Said "Effect of Amplified Spontaneous Emission on Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Based All-Optical Logic" , Journal of Optics Communications, 284, 5798 (2011) Abstract : A. Kotb "Effect of Amplified Spontaneous Emission on Quantum Dot-Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Based All-Optical Logic" ,International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, India (2012) Abstract : A. Kotb and J. Maeda,"All-Optical Logic NXOR Based on Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers with the Effect of Amplified Spontaneous Emission", Optoelectronics Letters, 8, 437 (2012)


Remotely sensed hyperspectral imaging is a technique that generates hundreds of spectral bands at different wavelength channels for the same area on the surface of the Earth. Computationally effective processing of these image cubes can be greatly beneficial in many application domains, including environmental modeling, risk/hazard prevention and response, or defense/security. With the aim of providing an overview of recent developments and new trends in the design of parallel and distributed systems for hyperspectral image analysis, this paper discusses and inter-compares four different strategies for efficiently implementing a standard hyperspectral image processing chain: 1) commodity Beowulf-type clusters, 2) heterogeneous networks of workstations, 3) field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and 4) graphics processing units (GPUs). Combined, these parts deliver a snapshot of the state-of-the-art in those areas, and a thoughtful perspective on the potential and emerging challenges of adapting high performance computing systems to remote sensing problems.


EXTRACT BASED PROTEIN MODIFIED BACTERIAL COMPORTA A MIXTURE OF polyanions bacterial acids having a molecular weight of 10,000 to 1,000,000 YU isoelectric point between 2.5 and 5.5 and in which the SUM PONDERAL acids AMINOS CONSTITUENT It REPRESENTS AT LEAST 50% OF SUCH EXTRACT. THE PROTEIN EXTRACT OF THIS PREPARCION COMPORTA bacterial culture in an aqueous medium, then extraction ALCALINA THIS SUSPENSION AND BACTERIAL EXTRACT PROTEIN PURIFICATION. ALKALINE EXTRACTION IS PERFORMED IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ION SOURCE OH- DILUTED AQUEOUS with stable pH between 11 and 13, the PH THIS DECLINE IN THE COURSE OF SUCH REMOVAL is not more than 0.4. The protein extract thus obtained can be used as active ingredient in a pharmaceutical composition.


This work introduces an improved wideband unit-cell for a connected slot array backed by a ground plane and loaded with artificial dielectric layers (ADLs). The unit-cell design includes a detailed feeding system for a single linear polarization with an integrated coaxial transition. Three capacitive elements are introduced in the design to reach a flat frequency response of the active impedance for a wideband behavior. The entire unit-cell design achieves an active voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) below 3 over a 7.3:1 bandwidth, within a large field of view of 60° in elevation along the E- and D-planes.


In distribution systems, to reduce the power outage duration and for the fast restoration process, the knowledge of fault location with minimum error is required. In this paper, a noniterative fault location identification method using probe power unit is explained. When a fault occurs, abnormal currents will flow through the line and the circuit breakers will detect this current and isolate the fault segment from the system. Then for locating the fault, a probe power unit is connected to an end of the isolated segment. By analyzing the probe current, the fault location can be determined. In this paper, the identification of fault location using probe power unit in AC systems is discussed. Different cases are analyzed and effect of different design parameters on the accuracy of fault location is studied. Through this work, introduced a simple and low-cost method for the identification of fault location in AC microgrid. The proposed concepts have been verified with computer simulations.


Minamoto Yoshitsune is an important medieval Japanese samurai commander who was responsible for the three victories that helped the Minamoto defeat the Taira during the Genpei Wars. He is also, because of the circumstances surrounding his upbringing and his death, Japan's foremost tragic hero.

Keywords:

twelfth century;
biography;
Eastern Asia;
Japan;
Military History


Cancer diagnosis and treatment can cause fatigue, stress and anxiety which can have a detrimental effect on patients, families and the wider community. Mindfulness‐based interventions appear to have positive effects on managing these cancer‐related symptoms.


During a single academic year, Carnegie Mellon University Libraries' Digital Strategy team launched two major IT service offerings in support of university-wide strategic initiatives: A new Integrated Library System (ILS) and an Enterprise Research Information Management System. The former replaces the operational heart of the library; the latter positions the library at the center of the research enterprise at Carnegie Mellon, introducing Libraries to entirely new and demanding customers and partners. We outline the challenges of engaging campus business partners in a remarkably decentralized environment and present strategies and tactics used by the Library IT project and service managers to facilitate successful service launches. This includes a review of approaches to engagement and timeline management with campus customers and data providers, vendor management tactics, and evolving efforts to foster support for our services and associated projects.


This study aims to investigate the role of packaging in Indian consumer's perception of product quality at the point of purchase. The study contains four Independent variable: Protection of product and shopper, Promotion of products, facilitation of storage, use, and convenience of product, facilitation of use and reducing environmental injury and therefore the variable quantity is Indian consumer's perceptions of product quality at the purpose of purchase. The researcher tries to develop and test a model to attain the analysis objectives. Result data were collected from a convenience sample. Questionnaire consists of twenty six things measured on 5 purpose likert scale. The data are analyzed using several statistical techniques to test the mentioned hypotheses. Descriptive statistical measures are used to describe the study's sample characteristics. Multiple regression analysis is used to find the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable. It was found that all the independent variables had a significant result on Indian consumer's perception of product quality at the purpose of purchase.


Visual design has played an important role in the historical development of professional communication. The technology of laser printing has reestablished the importance of visual language in functional communication, transforming contemporary document design and redefining its relation to the traditions of handwritten, typewritten, and printed text. During this period of transition, three factors will shape the new visual language: (a) the development of a visual rhetoric that represents design as an integral part of the message rather than merely as external "dress," (b) the rediscovery of aesthetics as a legitimate factor in text design, and (c) the use of empirical research—particularly context-specific research—to guide the document design process.


A recurring question in defining publicly funded research programmes is "what research should be funded publicly and what should be funded through the private sector?". The way this question is usually answered has placed emphasis on seeking to ensure that research that has a payback in purely economic terms is funded (at least in part) by those most likely to receive the economic benefit, but evaluating "who benefits?" and "how?" is not always easy to deduce from the research questions posed.


This article examines the questions of preparation of students of technical specialties in the higher educational institutions based on the WorldSkills Occupational Standards "Engineering CAD Software". The relevance of implementation of 3D modeling standards in modern computer-aided design systems into the educational process is substantiated by the need in preparation of highly qualified internationally recognized specialists in different industry fields. The author analyzed competitive tasks of the WorldSkills championships, as well as assesses the importance of graphic training for the development of competences of a modern specialist, who use CAD in their professional activity. The article examines the methodology of geometric-graphic preparation of students of the specialty 15.05.01 Design of Technological Machines and Complexes, specialization in the Design of Metallurgical Machines and Complexes, implemented in the Magnitogorsk State Technical University. A distinct advantage of this methodology is the use of various CAD software and development of the skills for manual sketching of details of mechanical engineering within the framework of studying engineering graphics. The results are acquired of successful implementation of competitive tasks of the Worldskills championships in the educational process. The author concludes that the use of the developed methodology in educational process allowed improving the efficiency of preparation of students.


Traditional legal doctrine calls for hard law to regulate markets. Nevertheless, in financial markets, soft law has a long tradition, not at least due to the lack of multilateral agreements in this field. On the one hand, the recent financial crisis has shown that soft law does not suffice to avoid detrimental developments; on the other hand, a straight call for hard law would not be able to manage the recognized regulatory weaknesses. Therefore, emphasis should be put on the possibilities of combining hard law and soft law; specific areas allowing realizing such kind of "combination" are organizational issues, transparency requirements, and dispute settlement mechanisms.


This paper proposes the use of a multiagent system-based solution for a proposed robotic-based automation system for the shipment operations of containers with shipment priorities in the port terminal located in Rio Grande City, Brazil. We faced with a problem of optimal policy formulation for teams of resource-limited robotic loaders in stochastic environments, which is composed of two strongly-coupled sub problems: a resource allocation problem and a policy optimization problem. The containers are required to be shared between the loaders, considering the following constraints: the containers have different weights and shipment priorities, the loaders have a maximum load that they can support during a journey, and, due to several reasons (e.g: administrative rules, maintenance schedule), the loaders are made available to the shipping operation only sequentially. We show how to combine the two problems, by formulating a policy optimization problem over the loading/unloading operations for each loader, as it becomes available. To solve the problem of container allocation to the next available loader we use a reduction of the Knapsack Problem. Then, we use Markov Decision Processes to decide on the shipment operations preformed by that loader in the terminal yard. These two processes are connected, since the container allocation process determines the states of the Markov chain that each loader actually visits. We simulated the resulting shipment operations using Net Logo.


The continuous-flow determination of low concentrations of urea in river and lake water is described. Coexisting ammonium ions up to a concentration of 2 × 10–4 mol dm–3 were effectively removed by passing through a gas-permeable poly(tetrafluoroethylene)(PTFE) tube after the addition of an alkaline reagent solution. The solution was then brought back to neutral pH by passing through another gas-permeable PTFE tube immersed in hydrochloric acid, to ensure the optimum pH for the urease enzyme. Urea in the sample solution was enzymically decomposed into ammonium ions and then detected by an ammonia gas-sensing membrane electrode, as ammonia, after the addition of sodium hydroxide solution. The detection limit of urea was about 1 × 10–7 mol dm–3. This system was applied to the analysis of natural waters containing (0.2–4)× 10–6 mol dm–3 urea and the results were compared with those obtained by spectrophotometry using the reagent diacetylmonoxime.


Hematologic markers, such as the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), characterize the inflammatory response to cancer and are associated with poorer survival in various malignancies. We evaluate the effect of pretreatment NLR on overall survival (OS) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).


This study evaluated the degree of conversion (DC) and working time (WT) of dualcured resin cements polymerized at varying temperatures using Fourier Transformed Infrared analysis (FTIR). Calibra Regular (Cal/Dentsply Caulk) and Variolink II Low Viscosity (VL/Ivoclar Vivadent) were kept at 25°C or heated to 37°C or 50°C and applied to the surface of a horizontal attenuated-total-reflectance unit (ATR) with controlled temperature attached to an infrared spectrometer. The products were polymerized using one of four conditions: light-activation (600 mW/cm) through a glass slide (DLE), through a 1.5(e.max1.5) or 3.0-mm (e.max3.0) thick ceramic disc (A2 shade, IPS e.max, Ivoclar Vivadent), or were allowed to self-cure (SC). FTIR spectra were recorded for 20 min (1 spectrum/s, 16 scans/spectrum, with resolution of 4 cm) immediately after application to the ATR. DC was calculated using standard techniques of observing changes in aliphatic-to-aromatic peak ratios preand 20-min post-curing. Polymerization kinetics analysis was used to determine their working time (WT) in each temperature. DC and WT data (n=6) were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (p=0.05). Higher temperatures increased the DC regardless of the curing mode and product. For Cal, only e.max3.0 group showed lower DC than the other groups at 25oC, while no significant difference was observed among groups at 37oC and 50oC. For VL, e.max3.0 group showed lower DC than e.max1.5 group only at 25oC, while SC group showed lower DC than the others in all temperatures. The WT decreased unfavorably for Cal at 37oC and 50oC, and for VL only at 50oC. For VL at 37oC, the WT decreased to a clinically acceptable interval. Higher temperature increases the DC of dual-cured cements. Despite the critical reduction in WT for most conditions, one product (VL) showed a clinically acceptable WT at 37oC.


Transparent covers of solar air collectors, which are exposed to the ambient, are easily deposited by dust and ash in the atmosphere. Transmittances of transparent covers can be decreased by dust deposition surfaces and it directly results in poor thermal performances of solar air collectors. The present study analysed the effect of dust deposition on two types of single pass flat plat solar air collectors with smooth airflow channel and with rectangular fin structure. Based on the differential equations of thermal balance, transient thermal characteristics of the solar air collectors through a typical day were predicted by dynamic meteorological conditions. Optical properties of both clean transparent covers and dust deposition cover surfaces were considered in the numerical calculation. It was demonstrated that, calculated thermal efficiencies of the two types of collectors were in good accordance with the measured data when fouling ratio of 40% was considered in the calculation. Accordingly, daily averaged thermal efficiencies of the solar air collectors with smooth airflow channel and with rectangular fin structure were respectively decreased by 23.4% and 31.6% due to dust deposition of transparent covers.


The chemical compositions were determined by the leaf essential oils of 2 Vietnamese plants, Piper betle f. densum and Disepalum plagioneurum. The main chemical classes in the P densum leaf essential oil were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (30.1%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (60.1%), with γ-elemene (12.7%), valeranone (9.3%), and ishwarone (6.0%) being the principal compounds. Disepalum plagioneurum leaf essential oil was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (23.9%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (59.8%). Bicyclogermacrene (26.8%), (E)-caryophyllene (12.7%), (E)-β-ocimene (8.4%), and (Z)-β-ocimene (6.0%) were the major compounds of this essential oil. With the same MIC of 64 µg/mL, the leaf essential oils of P betle f. densum and D plagioneurum strongly controlled the growth of the Gram (+) bacterium Clostridium sporogenes NCTC 12935 and the fungus Aspergillus niger ATCC 1015, respectively. It was also found that D plagioneurum leaf essential oil was cytotoxic to cancer cell lines MCF7 and HeLa with IC50 values of 63.2 and 41.4 µg/mL, respectively.


Some issues of using digital technologies in the housing and communal services sector are considered as a way to participate in a general meeting of owners of premises in apartment buildings. From the standpoint of ensuring the identification of the subject of the relevant legal relationship in order to ensure the protection of his rights. In this regard, conclusions are drawn about the need not only to form certain requirements for the technical or technological support of the voting process, including the definition of the corresponding corresponding responsibilities of the management company, but also the need for more thorough legislative regulation of the process of individualization of the subject of civil legal relations in the digital environment, including not only at the initial stage, but also before the start, as well as during the voting process.


The creation of nightgown decorated by woven silk yarn scrap from Baan Krua Cottage Industrial Village in Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand. Objectives are: 1) to study the weaving technique using the silk yarn scrap, 2) to design a nightgown decorated with woven silk yarn scrap, and 3) to study the overall satisfaction of nightgown designs which utilize silk yarn scrap. The sample population in this research is 250 women found on Silom Road, central Bangkok. The research instrument is a questionnaire with 9 prototype nightgowns decorated with woven silk yarn scrap. The collection consists of 3 sets, one set with 3 short nightgowns, another set with 3 long nightgowns and the last set with 3 short nightgowns with long tails. The research methodology is to hand out the questionnaire to 250 non-specific women on Silom Road. Data analysis is done by statistic percentage average, and standard deviation. Results of studying the survey show that most of the sample populations are women age between 31 -35 years old with bachelor degrees or the equivalent. Most are married and work as state enterprise officers. Incomes are between 20,001 30,000 baht. Most of them have bought a silk nightgown before and chosen to buy at department stores. The reason that they do not prefer silk nightgowns is because most in the current market are not innovative enough. Most of the sample populations have never seen a nightgown decorated with woven silk yarn scrap before. The results of studying the satisfaction of the sample population found that for the short nightgown set, most of the sample population prefer number 2, standard deviation is 4.48. For the long nightgown set, most of the sample populations prefer number 2, standard deviation is 4.44. And for the short nightgown with long tail set, most of the sample populations prefer number 2, standard deviation is 4.46.


The child's episodic tantrum-like behavior and crying was only briefly soothed. Watch the video—is there a clue here to a diagnosis?


A simple but useful phenomenological approach to the magnetism of a randomly mixed antiferromagnet B 1- x C x , in which a weak axial anisotropy of B-ions and a strong axial anisotropy of C-ions compete each other below a terminal concentration x s (≪1), is proposed. This approach is based on a two-sublattice model including angular variation of the sublattice magnetizations. The angular variation is induced by the local disarray of spin alignment and gives rise to the fourth-order anisotropy terms in the free energy. From this model, the concentration vs. external magnetic field ( x - H ) phase diagram for the random mixture is derived, which consists of four phases, namely, the paramagnetic phase, the antiferromagnetic phase, the field induced intermediate (or oblique antiferromagnetic:OAF) phase, and the spin flop phase. The magnetic resonance frequencies and the magnetization process are also derived.


Submitted for the MAR11 Meeting of The American Physical Society Glassy dynamics of 2D colloid crystals in a random pinning potential1 SUNGCHEOL KIM, ALEXANDROS PERTSINIDIS2, XINSHENG LING, Brown University — Recently, we have demonstrated that a monolayer charged colloidal crystal confined to a rough charged surface provides a realization of the Larkin-Ovchinnikov random-pinning model in two dimensions [1]. The statics of the system is found to agree with Larkin's prediction of balkanization into small ordered domains. However, the dynamics are in disagreement with the collective creep model. Detailed analysis of the particle trajectories suggest that collective creep is preempted by channel flow. We also find that the velocity response to a step-like driving force shows a stretched exponential behavior similar to that found in structural glasses. Here, we provide a detailed analysis of this process. [1] A. Pertsinidis and X.S. Ling PRL 100 028303 (2008) 1This research was supported by the NFS-DMR. 2Current Address: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center New York, NY 10065 Xinsheng Ling Brown University Date submitted: 30 Dec 2010 Electronic form version 1.4


Previous studies have reported on clinical experiences of this service with streptomycylidene isonicotinyl hydrazine sulfate given intermittently in the therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis.1' 2 A preliminary report in 1954 indicated that streptomycylidene isonicotinyl hydrazine sulfate given intramuscularly in doses of 1.4 grams twice weekly was comparable to regimens employing daily isoniazid and sodium para-aminosalicylic acid or intermittent streptomycin.3 At that time a significant initial advantage in the rate of apparent cavity closure appeared to exist in favor of the previously untreated group on intermittent streptomycylidene isonicotinyl hydrazine sulfate versus the no previous treatment group on daily isoniazid. When all patients were compared, daily isoniazid regimens showed a more favorable proportion of cultural conversions than the entire group on intermittent streptomycylidene isonicotinyl hydrazine sulfate therapy at 16 weeks and 24 weeks. Other differences in clinical effects, conversion of cultures and x-ray improvement, were found not significant. The present study is an extension of results previously reported. The number and duration of observations is more complete and more reliable statistically. All patients on intermittent therapy here reported had eight months or more of treatment. All others are excluded from statistical analysis.


IN his lecture " Medicine, Yesterday and To-morrow ", Sir Henry Dale mentioned, as the most recent addition to the technique of preparing a patient for a surgical operation, synthetic substances which, by their action on the sympathetic ganglia, lower the arterial blood pressure and enable a postural adjustment of the patient to produce a practically bloodless field of operation (Dale, 1951). In routine operations on the eyeball, haemorrhage is ofno great consequence, since it may be controlled by careful pre-operative preparation, vasoconstrictor drugs, local pressure, or cautery. But in operations which involve accurate technique in small deep cavities amongst important structures, as in the orbit, severe haemorrhage may be difficult to control, and may impede the smooth progress of the operation. In Plastic Units this situation frequently occurs, since the ophthalmic surgeon is required to deal with the effects of severe trauma and cicatrization in and around the orbit. Such cases do not lend themselves to local anaesthesia as do most operations on the globe, and general anaesthesia has become routine. Enderby (1950) reported the use of pentamethonium iodide in the production of controlled hypotension during general anaesthesia, but the results were irregular and unpredictable. Since then he has replaced the drug by hexamethonium bromide and made it possible to achieve accurate temporary control of blood pressure in 85 per cent. of his cases. Rollason (1951) has also found that hexamethonium is more certain and more effective than pentamethonium iodide. The object of controlled hypotension or " postural ischaemia "t is to eliminate bleeding at the site of operation. This object is achieved by a combination of the effects of hexamethonium bromide on vessel tone with an arrangement of posture which causes re-distribution of blood to the dependent parts of the body. Enderby and Pelmore (1951) made the following claims for controlled hypotension by this method in general anaesthesia:


The work presented on this paper has been derived from previous work around the area of ne motion assembly planning. However, the method that we present can be applied to solve diierent robot motion planning problems. The robustness of the trajectories produced by a robot motion planner depends on both, the models used to represent the uncertainty, and the strategies used to deal with it. A robot motion planner receives a geometric description of the manipulated object and its environment. This description is called the \nominal world" and is just an approximation of the mechanical world where the robot operates. The success of a robot manipulation program strongly relies on the information that the planner extracts from the nominal world to reduce the uncertainty, and how this information is combined with sensing operations in a control program. This paper presents a local approach to plan robot motions by exploring the contact space. A potential eld function deened over both, the free space and the contact space is applied to generate the motions. Potential eld methods are normally applied to compute collision-free trajectories by attracting the robot to the goal connguration and pushing it away from the obstacles. The particularity of this approach is that the potential eld method is used to explore the contact space. The contacts against the obstacles are used to control the motions of the robot reducing its position uncertainty. The main drawback of the potential eld methods is that they can lead the search to local minimums. A search function is used to determine sub-goal conngurations within the non-explored contact space to correct them.


Introduction: Herpes zoster is caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV), occurs as a result of reactivation of the dormant virus in sensory root ganglia. Most often VZV reactivates in the settings of relative immunologic compromise, as occurs with aging, or following disease such as HIV or various therapies, such as steroids, cancer chemotherapy, organ transplantation, and irradiation. Aim of the Study: The study of herpes zoster was undertaken to find out the age and sex incidence, prevalence of prodromal symptoms, provocative factors, pattern of dermatomal involvement, prevalence of constitutional symptoms, association with HIV, other cutaneous diseases and systemic diseases, duration of time taken for resolution of lesions, and the prevalence of complications. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 100 cases of herpes zoster. Patient's age, sex, occupation, and address were noted. A detailed history regarding the prodromal symptoms, skin lesions, nature of pain, duration of illness at the time of presentation, provocative factors, and history of chicken pox were recorded. Morphology of skin lesions, the side of involvement, cutaneous dissemination, mucosal lesions, and motor palsy associated with zoster were recorded. Associated cutaneous diseases, systemic diseases, and HIV infection were noted. The time taken for complete resolution of lesions and the complications were also noted. Observation and Results: Out of 100 cases, 72 were males and 28 were females and the sex ratio was 2.5:1. Age wise distribution showed that 73 cases were below the age of 50 and 27 were above the age of 50 years. Prodromal symptoms were present in 85% and absent in 15% cases. Constitutional symptoms were present in 77% and 23% cases were not had any constitutional symptoms. Thoracic dermatome was the most common dermatome involved (60%) followed by cranial nerve zoster 14%, lumbar 13%, cervical 12%, and sacral dermatome 1% case. Most cases (85%) showed complete resolution of lesions between 10 and 21 days (2–3 weeks). Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) was the most common complication observed in herpes zoster patients. Conclusion: More than two-third (73%) of cases of zoster occurred in individuals below the age of 50 years. The prevalence of zoster was more in the younger age group when compared to elderly people. Male preponderance was found with the sex ratio of 2.5:1. Thoracic dermatome was the most common segment involved, and sacral was the least common dermatome affected. HIV infection was the most common provocative factor in 16% of total cases. The most common systemic diseases noted with zoster were diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Duration of time taken for resolution or healing of the lesions ranged from 2 to 4 weeks. PHN was the most common complication observed in our cases. The other complications noted were secondary bacterial infection, scarring, and motor palsy (facial palsy).


. Recently, K. Bogalska has applied a new technique to establish a Voronovskaya- type theorem. In this paper we will also prove the Voronovskaya Theorem for geenralized Baskakov-Kantorovich-type operators in polynomial weight spaces using the same approach.


Angioleiomyoma is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm composed of smooth muscle cells and thick walled blood vessels. It originates from vascular smooth muscles. It frequently occurs in lower extremities. But angioleiomyoma of uterus is very rare. Worldwide very few cases of uterine angioleiomyoma have been reported till date. We came across a giant angioleiomyoma of uterus which was masquerading as ovarian tumour.


Oliver Wendell Holmes once outlined the six personalities involved in a dialogue between two people, here John and Thomas: three Johns the real John, John's ideal John, and Thomas's ideal John; and correspondingly, three Thomases. The psychologist may be concerned with the real John, but he has access only to Thomas's ideal John (observer-reports) and John's ideal John (self-report). How can he extract John's true behavior from the reports of his behavior? Is there any systematic way in which he can account for the distortions which must arise from internal and external influences on the perception of the observer? The present paper attempts to answer these questions by outlining a theory of perturbations and describing an experimental design for weighing and evaluating the perturbing influences which affect personality data.


This bachelor thesis is dedicated to development of depiction of czech patron saints in Usti
nad Orlici region from medieval times to present. The depiction is represented by statues,
paintings, sanctification of sacral buildings, mural paintings, reliefs and ceremonial reliques.
Then there is a description of region´s foundation, canonization process and the beginnig of
devotion to czech patron saints. In the last charter there is ananalysis of art reliques, situated
in the region, with the focus on the depiction of czech patrons. At the end of the thesis there
are illustrations, tables, graphs and list of reliques attached.


activists and ordinary people inevitably involve the production of new relationships between the material and sensory environments and activities that constitute the everyday. In this book I explore how concepts of place and practice can be engaged to further our understandings of the environments and activities of everyday life through an exploration of domestic consumption, sustainability and activism. The theoretical tools of practice and place, I argue, are particularly important for this task – since together they provide us with analytical routes to understanding both human activity and the environment. Indeed in seeking to understand how we might work towards achieving environmental sustainability, the questions of how practices and places are constituted, how they change and shift over time, or how they are maintained are pertinent for scholars and applied researchers across different sectors and academic disciplines. Situating Everyday Life examines how processes of renewal and change are lived, experienced and represented through a series of everyday and mediated research contexts. I examine questions relating to why and how we live in ways that sometimes unnecessarily consume energy and other resources and how some people are seeking to make changes that will make the everyday worlds they live in more environmentally sustainable. To do this I draw on a series of different ethnographic and digital research projects undertaken during the past decade or so to examine progressively how domestic lives, local community projects, urban identities and digital media and web platforms are bound up with the flows and movements through which change happens. For this task an approach that is inevitably interdisciplinary is needed. This is in part because the existing literatures that focus on everyday life,


A dual-polarized antenna with new mechanism for 5G application is developed in this paper. It has three parts. One is the reflector for unidirectional radiation. The other is the feed substrate, which is horizontally placed above the reflector. Four rectangle patches printed on the corresponding substrates are inserted in the edges of the feed substrate. All the four radiators participate in the synthesis process, thus cancelling the cross polarization in the far filed to some extent. The antenna works at 3.3–3.6 GHz with a compact size. Then, the antenna element is extended to an array to clarify the scheme of the 5G new radio (NR) broadcast beam. The proposed antenna is very promising in the future 5G base station application.


Sulfuric acid is a colourless, odorless liquid, which causes typical injury patterns such as cutaneous and ocular burns, respiratory complications from inhalation, and ingestion injuries (coagulative necrosis of the mucosa, gastric and intestinal perforations) with significant dermal and mucosal injury because of its corrosive action. Most injuries caused by sulfuric acid ingestion are accidental, especially in the paediatric population. Intentional cases of ingestion have rarely been reported in adults as a method of suicide following a major depressive disorder. In this paper, we report the case of a 44-year-old woman who was found dead outside her home with a retained fillet knife embedded in her left chest wall and cutaneous chemical burns extending from her mouth down her chin and anterior torso. During the crime scene investigation, a half empty bottle of chemical drain cleaner containing concentrated sulfuric acid was found next to her body. An autopsy revealed chemical burns to the tongue, trachea, larynx, pharynx and oesophagus along with a blackish fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Histological analyses showed extensive corrosive changes in the gastrointestinal tract. Toxicological screening of blood and urine samples was negative; gastric contents contained a high quantity of concentrated (≈ 96%) sulfuric acid with a pH value of < 1.0. Death was attributed to shock following sulfuric acid ingestion. Circumstantial evidence and autopsy findings proved that the manner of death was suicidal. Complex suicides can be challenging for the forensic pathologist because of the plurality of methods used. The authors highlight the importance of systematical exhaustive postmortem investigation in order to ascertain the cause and manner of death in cases of planned complex suicide.


This paper presents a time-domain passivity controller for multi-DoF haptic-enabled teleoperation systems aimed at improving performance in terms of transparency for a given task. By solving an online convex optimization problem, the proposed approach enhances transparency of interaction along specific directions of the environment space which are significant for the task at hand, while guaranteeing system stability. An experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed design is presented, enrolling twenty participants. We compared the performance of the proposed approach vs. those of a standard energy-bounding time-domain algorithm during the exploration of a virtual sphere. Results show that, as the communication delay between the local and remote agents grows, the proposed technique better preserves transparency along the directions that are more important for the task at hand.


The aim of the article is to resolve the issue of the need to restore the educational and preventive tasks of criminal justice in the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. In accordance with this aim, using the comparative legal method, the author considers the normative legal regulation of the designated provisions in the previous Code of Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR of 1960, which contained these requirements in Article 2. Based on the legal analysis, the author states that the Soviet legislator managed to create an effective criminal procedure mechanism that ensures the implementation of the provisions of Article 2 of the 1960 Criminal Procedure Code of the RSFSR in terms of educational and preventive requirements. Therefore, later, it should have been taken as a basis for the development of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation. The formal legal analysis of the current Code of Criminal Procedure allows concluding that the legislator refused to define the requirements, fixing the purpose of criminal proceedings in Article 6. However, in other provisions of the Code (Part 4 of Article 29, Part 2 of Article 73, Part 2 of Article 158), as well as in the practice of its application, they are still valid. In addition, the analysis of other domestic procedural codes indicates the presence of educational and preventive tasks in them. The author notes that the absence of these requirements in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation is one of its significant methodological omissions. Moreover, the Code regulates criminal procedure activities, in which the public interest has always been dominant. Meanwhile, the task of preventing crimes is also included in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (Article 2) and the Penal Code of the Russian Federation (Article 1). Based on the comparative legal and formal legal analysis of criminal procedure and other legislation, the author proposes the following solution. The law in general has an educational function; therefore, with the help of the functions of the law and its tasks, any socially significant form of human practice is regulated. The author argues that functions and tasks are different phenomena and they cannot be identified; thus, these categories are not directly dependent on each other. Functions define specific types of work, groups of performers, and their responsibilities. Tasks, on the other hand, limit the employee's arbitrary use of the rights granted to them to specific requirements that the employee should strive to meet. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that the establishment of the causes and conditions that contributed to the commission of the crime and the adoption of measures to eliminate them do not directly follow from the functional purpose of state bodies in the field of criminal justice. In this connection, these provisions should be separately defined as the tasks these bodies face. On the basis of the above, the author's definition of educational and preventive tasks of domestic criminal justice is proposed.


The invention discloses a feed sweetener, comprising the following components by parts: 70-95 parts of saccharin sodium, 2-5 parts of synergist, 0.2-1.0 part of flavour enhancer and 2-25 parts of glucose, wherein, the synergist is ASP sweet, AK sugar, thaumatin, stevioside and/or maltol; the flavour enhancer is neotame. The feed sweetener is produced by the compound fusion-spray drying method. The feed sweetener has high liquidity, good mouthfeel of sucrose, lasting and stable sweet taste effect and sweet scent flavour. Being added into the feed, the feed sweetener can improve the feed palatability and is suitable for various growth stages of animals.


To determine whether hallux valgus (HV) was associated with potential risk factors, including foot pain in a large, biracial cohort of older men and women.


The present research is to analyze the main and unique pieces of legislation relating to the competition rules of Ecuador focused on aviation law and the domestic air transport activities and their relationship with the various players in the market for goods and services. The objective is to find if there is adequate legal framework on competition between commercial airlines in Ecuador. Giving great importance to the history of both competition and aviation, and its main conceptual foundations and a current approach adapted to our reality, by analyzing a case study of competition in the Ecuadorian commercial air transport.


To teach English through drama is a fun way to motivate students to practice the language in a natural way. Throughout my experience, I can say that drama is an outstanding tool in the EFL class because drama develops skills like reading, writing, listening, and speaking in students. Drama increases creativity and invectiveness in students who are learning a foreign language. As a result, the following work is focused on the use of drama techniques that can help students to improve their learning. The techniques that can be used are role play, improvisation, and drama skits. These techniques are divided into useful activities like: Who am I? Props box, Movie charade, Improv in songs, Fairy tales adaptation


An analysis of two-level picture compression techniques applied to low-resolution moving images is reported. The object is to discover the most suitable technique for visual communication at low data rates using feature-extracted 'cartoons'. Reversible facsimile compression techniques are reviewed, then results presented to demonstrate their relative performance. In general, three-dimensional techniques prove to be most efficient, since they exploit both spatial and temporal relationships in the picture. However, the lower compression of two-dimensional coding is balanced by its superior error recovery performance, and it is therefore recommended for very low-data-rate transmision over conventional telephone lines, where error rates are high. From the tested range of 2-D and 3-D techniques, 'relative address coding' is most successful, being about 10% more efficient than its nearest rival, except for high-resolution pictures with little movement, where 'block location coding' of diffence frames shows a small advantage. Application of irreversible preprocessing improves the compression performance, but the gain is small, and requires additional processing power.


Clastic reservoir exploration, development, and exploitation are inherently complex with recovery depending largely on the understanding of sand body architecture and interlayered clayey/silty baffles and barriers. Numerous data collection techniques and methods are now widely available for helping to enrich reservoir outcrop analogue data extraction from the well scale to the larger seismic scale. This integrated study uses the inherited, combined data from a localized light detection and ranging survey, measurements taken from a portable handheld spectrometer and air permeameter, in addition to total (or absolute) porosity measurements from thin sections to assist with the analysis of components influencing the interpretation of a digitally analyzed fluvial meanderbelt system outcrop. The purpose is not to perform a detailed reservoir characterization or to model a potential reservoir, but rather to study a section of a reservoir analogue and apply reservoir geology with integrated data collection techniques to highlight potential benefits and shortcomings of this type of approach. A point cloud survey generated from light detection and ranging, coupled with other tools including a portable handheld spectrometer and permeameter, supplements data from the light detection and ranging scan and increases the confidence of interpretations. Spectrometer measurements recorded at the outcrop are used to generate a pseudo-gamma log. Handheld air permeameter measurements give a sense of the permeability of corresponding lithologies, as well as the variability in permeability of the reservoir both laterally and vertically. Light detection and ranging also provides important information regarding rock properties. The high detail of the outcrop images is used for the assessment of reservoir characteristics. The reservoir data leads to an increased understanding of subsurface reservoirs, particularly of the fluvial meanderbelt type. This study shows the importance and drawbacks of a combined digital data collection approach for the analysis of a sedimentary outcrop.


In this study, c admium-hexagonal boron nitride (Cd-h-BN) were synthesized according to the O'Connor method with varying amounts of cadmium(II) nitrate . The structural characterizations were performed with FTIR, XRD, and SEM techniques while the cadmium contents in Cd-h-BN were determined by AAS. XRD results shown that an increase in interlayer distance of h-BN , and nano-scale products were observed at 1050°C. The lattice constants were calculated by Scherrer equation and results were very close to the original h-BN. Although different amounts of Cd(NO 3 ) 2 ·5H 2 O were added in the starting mixtures, the cadmium contents of Cd-h-BN samples showed no significant difference and few amounts of cadmium was intercalated to h-BN. In addition, increasing cadmium amount caused to minor grain growth of h-BN samples.


The primary use of surgical gloves in theatre is to maintain antiseptic sterile interface between the surgeon and the patient. Since their pioneer use in the late 19th century, their innovative uses have continued to evolve with time. This is mainly true in less fortunate countries where resources are limited and under constant financial constraints. However, such uses are still beneficial even in first world countries, when such readily available gloves can serve the propose of other more expensive material, or more importantly, when such materials are not readily available. This paper explores and summarizes these common 50 uses in different categories of surgical specialties.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the eff ct of including carrot roots in rabbit diets with normal and bellow-recommended neutral detergent fibre (NDF ) values. Four isoproteic diets were formulated according to a 2x2 factorial arrangement: two NDF l eve s (37% and 30% on a DM basis) and two levels of dry carrot roots (0 or 15%). Diets were fed ad libitum to 4 x 12 weaned rabbits (22 days old) for 6 weeks . Growth performance, feed digestibility (during the 5 week), fermentative activity at day 35 on caecotrophes and small intestinal morphology were determined. Carrot inclusion did not influence daily feed intake or daily weight gain, neither immediate ly post-weaning nor between 35-63 days. However, it worsened feed conversion ratio (10%). Reducing fibr e content led to reduced feed intake (17 and 19%, 1 st and 2 period) and better conversion ratios (9 and 16%, i n 1 and 2 period). Dry matter, organic matter (OM), energy and crude protein (CP) digestibility w ere not affected by carrot inclusion. Contrarily, A DF and cellulose digestibility of diets with carrots w as about 45% and 65% higher than those without carr ots. At 35 days, volatile fatty acids (VFA) from caecotr ophes of rabbits fed with carrots had significantly higher values for C2 and lower for C4 (P<0.05). Fibre had significant (P<0.05) effects on villus height, cryp t depth and villus height/crypt depth.


We present a public higher-education finance model in which demand for education can exceed supply because of indivisibilities in educational investment. In such situations, a screening mechanism—which may exhibit a selection system bias—is required for allocation. We show how changes in the education premium and the test score gap between the minority and the majority might affect political support for affirmative action. When the education premium is relatively low, the matching efficiency gains provided by affirmative action are high compared with the opportunity cost of not acquiring education, and the majority supports affirmative action. When the education premium is high, the opportunity cost of not getting educated is high relative to the matching efficiency gains provided by affirmative action policies, and the majority's support for affirmative action is weaker. In contrast, a higher test score bias has a generally ambigious effect on the majority's political support. If the test score bias is sufficiently large, however, the majority does support affirmative action.


Experimental evidence and analysis in this work provide new insights into the fast switching process in GeAsTe ovonic threshold switching (OTS) selectors. For the first time, the full switching- OFF process, covering the defect cluster shrinking and rupture stages, can be measured and characterized. Two distinct switch- OFF mechanisms and their dependence on the total impedance of the selector and resistor (1S1Rs) circuit are identified. The impact of series resistance value on the switching process, the 1S1Rs operation, and the underlying mechanisms can be explained by the dynamic resistance of OTS that is induced by the transition of defect clusters. This research sheds new light on OTS switching mechanism and its impact on 1S1Rs operation.


Abstract Most of the existing lattice Boltzmann BGK models (LBGK) can be viewed as compressible schemes to simulate incompressible fluid flows. The compressible effect might lead to some undesirable errors in numerical simulations. In this paper a LBGK model without compressible effect is designed for simulating incompressible flows. The incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are exactly recovered from this incompressible LBGK model. Numerical simulations of the plane Poiseuille flow, the unsteady 2-D shear decaying flow, the driven cavity flow, and the flow around a circular cylinder are performed. The results agree well with the analytic solutions and the results of previous studies.


This paper analyses the characteristics of information flow in military supply chain, the influencing factors and the structure of military supply chain management. Then, the method of information flow management and control in military supply chain is designed, and the architecture of information flow control in military supply chain management information system is proposed.


Recent results of generalised perturbation theory and calculations on the quadratic Zeeman effect spectra are combined to suggest that the first-order integral of the motion recently found using classical degenerate perturbation theory in the weak-field limit are, in fact, approximate integrals over a much larger range of magnetic field strengths. It is shown how this third integral is a consequence of different states being localised in different regions of configuration space rather than being due to any 'hidden symmetries' as has been previously suggested. The inter-relationships between the stabilisation method regular and irregular spectra, unexpectedly localised states, ridge phenomena, assignment of quantum numbers, avoided crossings, extreme motion and adiabatic localisation are also discussed with particular reference to the QZE which is used as an example of these more general ideas.


To my family. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I spent my past six and a half years at Tech, which is longer than most other graduate students did. As a result, I got to know more faculties, staffs and students who guided and supported me during my graduate studies. I owe a lot of thanks to them. First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor, Tom Trotter, for his persistent guidance, advice, care and patience. His passion and dedication to research have inspired me over the past six years. Tom is the example of an ideal advisor. As a mentor he is most knowledgable and sees big pictures; As a good old friend he is very kind and humorous. I will truly miss the time when Tom tells me various stories while we wait in a long line for a cup of coffee at Clough Commons, and then we walk back to Skiles and start an extensive but rewarding meeting on every Wednesday.


Introduction: Among the numerous factors that can improve job satisfaction are challenging work, rewards that meet employees' expectations, a comfortable working environment, and a balance between personal life and work (work-life balance). This study analyzed the relationship between shift schedule arrangement and work-life balance among female nurses and its impact on job satisfaction.


While biological invasions are recognized as a major threat to global biodiversity, determining species' abilities to invade new areas (species invasiveness) and the vulnerability of those areas to invasions (community invasibility) are still poorly understood. Here, we used trait-based analysis to profile invasive species and quantify the community invasibility for >1,800 North American freshwater fish communities. We show that species with higher reproduction rates, longer life spans and larger sizes tend to be more invasive. Community invasibility peaked when the functional distance among native species was high, leaving unoccupied functional space for the establishment of potential invaders. Invasion success is therefore governed by both the functional traits of non-native species determining their invasiveness, and by the functional characteristics of the invaded community determining its invasibility. Considering those two determinants together will allow better predictions of invasions.


Drilling implementation in place is the foundation of preventing outburst.However,when drilling in Hunan Yuanjia soft coal seam,with the problems of neck shrank,plugging hole and stuck drill caused by nozzle,the drilling drilled by electricity-coal rig only reach 6~7m,and merely 4~5m with the high power hydraulic rig.In order to solve this problem,developing a type of dragging,the method of casting follow-up into hole was used in serious section of the drilling nozzle.Its characteristic is casing and drill pipe drilling working together.Take the application in Huangniuling mining Co.,Ltd as an example,expounds the key operations and the application effect.


Primary malignant tumors of the trachea are rare, the most prevalent histologies beeing squamous cell and adenoid cystic carcinoma. A review of the literature revealed only ten cases of primary tracheal or bronchial non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We describe a case in which tracheal involvement of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, a subtype of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, occurred.


LINKÖPING Technical reports from the Automatic Control group in Linkk oping are available as UNIX-compressed Postscript les by anonymous ftp at the address 126.96.36.199 Abstract Integral quadratic constraints (IQCs) can be used for proving stability of systems with uncertainties and nonlinearities. Similarly, IQCs can also be used for controller synthesis. Necessary and suucient conditions for the existence of such a controller is derived. These conditions include linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and matrix inertia specifying the number of negative eigenvalues of a matrix. In general, these conditions are non-convex. Connections to bilinear matrix inequalities and LMIs with rank constraints are also given.


A numerical experiment of conditional symmetric baroclinic instability (CSBI) is carried out including Kessler's parameterization, in order to show a possible mechanism for formation of meso-$ scale rainbands associated with extratropical cyclones and Baiu front. The unstable condition of CSBI is controlled by Richardson number defined by equivalent potential temperature. The flow is unstable for CSBI when the equivalent Richardson number is less than unity. In the numerical model, horizontal and vertical space resolutions are 2 and 0.5 km, respectively, in a 250km*10km domain. We assumed an initial zonal flow with vertical shear, which is geostrophically balanced with the meridional gradient of virtual potential temperature. All the derivatives with respect to zonal direction vanish due to zonal symmetric assumption. An unstable condition for CSBI is initially set everywhere in the domain, adjusting the water vapor content included. To set on CSBI, a few percents of supersaturation is initially incorporated at the center portion of the domain together with initial random vertical velocity disturbances. A typical slantwise circulation of CSBI is seen with horizonal scale of about 150km independent of the initial supersaturation area. The total meridional heat (equivalent potential temperature) transport is northward. The total meridional transport of zonal momentum is not clear from the present experiment. The total transport of heat is upward, while the total zonal momentum transport is downward. A slantwise stratiform cloud appears and is sustained along the updraft of CSBI. A mid-tropospheric convective unstable layer is induced above the stratiform cloud due to the differential advection of equivalent potential temperature by the CSBI circulation. Convective cells appear in this layer. Thus, CSBI prepares the favorable environment for the seeder-feeder precipitation mchanism to work efficiently. At the top of the boundary layer, upward velocity exceeds 0.02ms-1 due to the convergence induced by the CSBI, horizontally extending over 30km and lasting for more than 15hrs. A low level jet is formed due mainly to the deceleration of zonal wind at the mid-troposphere, together with a slight acceleration below.


vi CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Dissertation organization 1 1.2 Literature review 2 1.3 References 15 CHAPTER 2. GENETICS ANALYSIS OF A SOYBEAN NODULATIONDEFECTIVE MUTANT 24 2.1 Abstract 24 2.2 Introduction 25 2.3 Materials and methods 26 2.4 Results and discussion 32 2.5 Conclusions 37 2.6 Acknowledgements 37 2.7 References 38 CHAPTER 3. THE ROLE OF BRASSINOSTEROIDS IN SOYBEAN NODULATION 60 3.1 Abstract 60 3.2 Introduction 60 3.3 Materials and methods 63 3.4 Results and discussion 67 3.5 Conclusions 70 3.6 Future plans 71 3.7 Acknowledgements 72 3.8 References 72 CHAPTER 4. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 99


While a magnetically levitated vehicles (Maglev) are in motion, the superconducting magnets (SCMs) are vibrated by various disturbances. The main disturbance is the vibration caused by the magnetic field fluctuation, which arising from the ground coils. The heat load and vibration characteristics under these conditions have been evaluated by the electro-magnetic disturbance test which are to simulate actual running conditions. The vibration of the inner vessels are separated into rigid and elastic vibration modes by using least squares method. The mechanical heat load is calculated by the heat load characteristics of both magnetized with the rated magnetomotive force and nonmagnetized. The mechanical heat load has been estimated by considering the acceleration of the inner vessels and the heat sensitivity coefficient.


The effects of one-step reaction orders have been studied on the ignitability of a fuel droplet in a fuellean, oxidant-lean, and both fueland oxidant-lean environments with Ž nite  ame location. The matched asymptotic analysis of large activation energy is employed with the Arrhenius kinetics and arbitrary fuel and oxidizer reaction orders. The variable thermophysical properties are taken to depend on both temperature and composition of the gas mixture with distinct binary diffusion coefŽ cients and nonunity Lewis numbers. It is found that the ignition Damkohler number varies signiŽ cantly with the fuel and oxidant reaction orders, and decreases as the ambient fuel and oxidant concentration are increased. Autoignition is prevented if the ambient oxidant concentration is sufŽ ciently low. It is also found that the mixture Lewis number should be deŽ ned appropriately, depending on the ambient fuel and oxidant concentration if equal binary diffusion coefŽ cients are used. The variable thermophysical properties affect ignition phenomenon partly through the droplet mass evaporation rate and partly through the thermal driving force for evaporation. By using an appropriate mixture Lewis number, the frozen evaporation rate and the thermal driving force, ignition event can be predicted accurately from the analysis with constant properties with equal binary diffusion coefŽ cients.


The technical study objective is to apply segmentation techniques for clustering image into thematic areas. The data used in this research included Landsat TM and ETM+ multi-band imagery covering chosen research area. The image processing was performed using supervised classification in GIS software. The technical aim of the research is image classification which consists in automatic assignation of all pixels on an image into land cover classes that are typical for this study area. The logical algorithmic approach of clustering segmentation was applied to identify clusters for thematic mapping of land cover types in the selected study area. While using data for spatial modelling and mapping, specific study objectives should always be evaluated, hence the model may have certain limitations and dependencies on the scale and resolution. the satellite scenes of Landsat TM with middle-sized resolution and open distribution have been taken for the research as available and appropriate images for current objective. The data pre-processing include image contrast stretching, which is useful as by default, ENVI displays images with a 2% linear contrast stretch. For better contrast the histogram equalization contrast stretch was applied to the image in order to enhance the visual quality. The number of clusters was assigned to 15, which responds to the selected land cover types in the study area. These cluster centers were then located within the study area. During clustering procedure, each digital pixel on the image is categorized to the respecting cluster, to which the mean DN value of the given pixel is the closest. Upon classification of all pixels in such a way, the revised mean vectors for each of the clusters were computed. The process has been repeated in an iterative way until optimal values of the class groups are received and pixels are assigned to the corresponding classes.


The present writers predicted that Rayleigh scattering losses in some soda borosilicate glasses would be less than in pure vitreous silica. The simple heuristic arguments that lead to this prediction and the scattering loss measurements which appear to confirm it are presented.


Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of strengthening exercises of Hip and conventional Knee exercises on pain, muscle strength and functional status in sprinters with Patello femoral pain syndrome Methodology: A randomized controlled trial was performed on 28 sprinters. Participants were selected through non-probability convenient sampling. The study was single blinded and was completed in 6 months. The assessor was unaware of the treatment given to both groups. Group 1 received Conventional knee exercises and weight bearing hip strengthening exercises and Group 2 received traditional knee exercises and strengthening exercises of hip with resistance. All Exercises were performed with 12 reps and 3 sets, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for pain, AKPS (anterior knee pain scale) for functional status and make test applied through hand held dynamometer measured strength through contractions of knee muscles. Results: The mean age of individuals in interventional group is 22.79 ±4.28 and the individuals in control group is 24.07 ±4.51. Both groups showed significant improvements in pain, function and muscle strength with p<0.05. There were not any significant changes in both groups with p>0.05. Conclusion: Both interventions are equally effective in reducing pain, improving strength and function in sprinters with PFPS which showed that these interventions can be included in the rehabilitation plan of these athletes. Keywords: Knee pain, Runners, Strengthening exercises, Rehabilitation exercises, strength


Having elucidated a full theoretical analysis of the master equation for intermolecular and intramolecular energy transfer in multiple-well, multiple-channel chemically or thermally activated reactions [J. Chem. Phys. 107, 8904 (1997)], we now present efficient methods of numerical analysis for the computational examination of the dynamics of the master equation. We suggest the use of a Krylov-subspace method to determine the uppermost portions of the internal spectrum of the master equation kernel. Such a computation is pivotal in determining whether there exists a state of secular equilibrium for the population of the moieties and whether there exists within the possible state of secular equilibrium, a state wherein the dynamics are represented by an isolated dominating mode; for only in the state of secular equilibrium can one write rate equations for the dissociating processes that are local in time. And, if such a state is possible, we suggest the use of a Hermite–Laguerre orthogonal collocation meth...


We investigate the fundamental problem of achieving the system optimal rates in a distributed environment, which maximize the total user utility, using only the information available at the end hosts. This is done by decomposing the system problem into two subproblems-network and user problems-and introducing an incentive-compatible pricing scheme, while maintaining proportional fairness. We demonstrate that when users update their parameters by solving their own optimization problem, at an equilibrium the system optimum is achieved. Furthermore, this algorithm does not require any explicit feedback from the network and can be deployed over the Internet with modifications only on the end hosts. In the second part of the paper we model as a noncooperative game the case where the choice of each user's action has nonnegligible effect on the price per unit flow at the resources and investigate the Nash equilibria of the game. We show, in the simple case of a single bottleneck, that there exists a unique Nash equilibrium of the game. Further, as the number of users increases, the unique Nash equilibrium approaches the system optimum.


ABSTRACT This article explores why local police officers choose to comply or to resist the police reforms stipulated by an international peacebuilding mission operating in their country. In order to understand the role and impact of local agency and shine light on local actors' compliance decisions, this article analyses two examples of police reform of the EU Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo. This article makes three contributions to the peacebuilding and compliance literatures. First, it formulates and tests causal mechanisms showing exactly how local actors' motivations for compliance – legitimacy, coercion and reward-seeking – are causally linked to compliance. Second, it shows that legitimacy, coercion, and reward-seeking do not influence compliance directly, but only through the hypothesised intervening variables. Finally demonstrates that while legitimacy matters to local compliance choices, it does so only in specific contexts and situations.


INTRODUCTION: Research has proven that music plays an important role in alleviating fear and anxiety among patients.AIM: To assess the effect of audio analgesia in pre-teen children aged 8-12 years undergoing dental restorations. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Data was collected using a pre-tested and pre-validated proforma filled by the child prior to start of the treatment by circling the number corresponding to the expected pain during the procedure [Ranged 0 (No pain) -10 (Maximum pain)]. Children who reported their expected pain above 5, were enrolled in group 1 (The ones receiving audio analgesia) while the remaining were assigned group 2 (controls). Children in group 1 were asked to put on their favourite song using noise cancellation headphones and the procedure was commenced. After completion of the treatment, the VAS scale was re-introduced and the children were asked to re-circle the actual pain experienced during the procedure. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 using the chi-squared test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. A significant value was obtained when p was≤ 0.05. RESULTS: Of the total 80 children enrolled in the present study, there were an equal number of males and females (40 each). It was observed that 70.3% of children in group 1 had an increased pain tolerance as compared to only 37.2% of children in the control group(p=0.01). Pearson's Correlation revealed a positive and linear association (r: +0.721) and a significant relationship (p = 0.03) between both groups. CONCLUSION: Audio analgesia has been proven to a promising alternative to distract the patient from the anxiety faced in the dental setting and is recommended for nervous and anxious patients.


The College of American Pathologists (CAP) offers these templates to assist pathologists in providing clinically useful and relevant information when reporting results of biomarker testing. The CAP regards the reporting elements in the templates as important elements of the biomarker test report, but the manner in which these elements are reported is at the discretion of each specific pathologist, taking into account clinician preferences, institutional policies, and individual practice. The CAP developed these templates as educational tools to assist pathologists in the useful reporting of relevant information. It did not issue them for use in litigation, reimbursement, or other contexts. Nevertheless, the CAP recognizes that the