Objective To evaluate the effect of supplementary immunization of measles live attenuated vaccine in continuous three years in the Beihai municipal districts and to investigate measures to control measles.Methods Descriptive analysis was made according to vaccination rate of measles vaccine for supplementary immunization,pathogenesis situation of measles,data of on-site investigation and data of the legal measles epidemic reporting system among children from 8 months to 10 years old in Beihai during 2007 to 2009.Results The vaccination rate of measles vaccine for supplementary immunization and of the on-site investigation in this municipal districts were both greater than 95%,the zero-dose vaccination rate was over 96.5% and the measles morbidities were 3.00/100 000,1.30/100 000 and 0.17/100 000 respectively from 2007 to 2009.Conclusions By using measles vaccine for supplementary immunization in the continuous three years,the measles epidemic in Beihai was controlled rapidly and effectively.


We discussed a method to accelerate an adiabatic quantum dynamics of XY spin model by using the fast-forward method proposed by Masuda and Nakamura. The Accelerated scheme is constructed by adding the driving Hamiltonian to the original Hamiltonian and speeding it up with a large time-scaling factor and an adiabatic parameter that realizes adiabatic quantum dynamics in a shortened time. Accelerated adiabatic dynamics start by assuming the candidate of driving Hamiltonian consists of the pair-wise exchange interaction and magnetic field. The driving Hamiltonian terms multiplied by the velocity function together with the original Hamiltonian give fast-forward driving for adiabatic states. We apply our method to XY spin model by considering three spin systems on the Kagome lattice. In this model, we obtained the XY pair-wise exchange interaction of nearest neighbors and next-nearest neighbors should be added to the original Hamiltonian as a driving interaction to accelerate the adiabatic motion. This pair-wise driving interaction in the fast-forward scheme guarantees the complete fidelity of accelerated states.


OBJECTIVE Feasibility and necessity of nosocomial infection payment system will be re-examined from medical ethics to improve nosocomial infection control system and break through the dilemma of infection control.METHODS Searching medical ethics and infection control documents were considered and the phenomenon of infect control was judged by using the theory of medical ethics.RESULTS The shortage of nosocomial infection payment system was main defect in the system which was contrary to the principles of medical ethics.CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial infection payment system is a necessity for infection control and development of their professional attributes,for further implementation of medical reform and construction of nosocomial infection in culture.


In this autoethnography, I analyze stereotypes and misconceptions about people with cystic fibrosis (CF). I examine these illness representations and their social underpinnings through critical analysis of my journey to conclusive diagnosis with CF after first being tested for the disease in early life, and the events that have followed from that turning point. Using experiential data and prior research, I explore and refute harmful misconceptions about life with CF. I challenge the notion that people with CF never grow old. I also contest the idea that people who receive conclusive diagnoses during adulthood only then transition into patient identities. In doing so, I compare and contrast my own experiences with evidence from other patient narratives. I engage lived experiences from both outside and within the CF community to explore intersectional perceptions of aging. By giving voice to the diverse realities of aging with CF, I illuminate larger gaps in the illness management literature and the health care services it informs. I conclude that narrow representations of illness experience can ultimately impede quality health care and social support for people aging with CF, and that centering diverse patient voices can positively transform both clinical and community experiences.


ABSTRACT Preliminary results based on two satellite-tracked adult leopards in the arid, open savanna of the southern Kalahari indicated that most movement occurred at night, with some movement in the daytime to seek shade.


On 29 April 2019, the European Commission ("EC") announced the adoption of two decisions against Visa and Mastercard, which make binding on Visa and Mastercard commitments that both card schemes…


Fractures that are more permeable than their host rock can act as preferential, or at least additional, pathways for fluid to flow through the rock. The additional transmissivity contributed by these fractures will be of great relevance in several areas of earth science and engineering, such as radioactive waste disposal in crystalline rock, exploitation of fractured hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs, or hydraulic fracturing. In describing or predicting flow through fractured rock, the effective permeability of the rock mass, comprising both the rock matrix and a network of fractures, is a crucial parameter, and will depend on several geometric properties of the fractures/networks, such as lateral extent, aperture, orientation, and fracture density.


Abstract Issue: Theories of how to use communication tools and what underlying strategies should be are many, but why do we not know how a successful organization values these tools and how they make these strategies into action? Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to expose how a large, decentralized and successful organization is using internal communications, and how they communicate organizational values to their employees, that is, a theory of practice. Method: This research is based on qualitative interviews & qualitative content analysis. In order to analyze the empirical material I have used a theoretical model containing several consolidate communication theories. Conclusions: My conclusions are that Vings strategies and ideas are like several of the most current communication theories, but their practical work is limiting the ability of, for example, dialogue and sense making. Keywords: Internal communications, value based communications, employee roles, sense making, one-way and two-way communications. (Less)


We must suppress it speaks of the fresh water of India, which has nothing to do with this work. Whole world is suffering from
the same problem. The sources of pollution are sewage discharge, small industries discharge, agriculture run off. Sewage
discharge is increasing due to increasing population. The causes of water pollution are discussed in the present paper.


The effects of two heat treatments on cooking time, total cooking losses, energy consumption, meat tenderness, and.collagen-solubility in 0.1 N NaOH and Ringer's solution were studied using five pairs of top round roasts obtained from three Hereford steers. One roast from each pair was cooked at 200 F and the other at 300 F to an end point of 158 ° F in the center of the semimembranosus muscle. Semimembranosus muscles roasted at 200 ° F required longer cooking times per pound, had higher total cooking losses, consumed more energy, and were more tender than pair mates ro�sted at 300 F. All correlations between collagen solubility measurements and tenderness measures were nonsignificant. No explanation for the increased tenderness of meat obtained with the long slow heating was revealed by studying the rela tionship of meat tenderness and.collagen solubility in 0.1 N NaOH or


Abstract : Errors in the division of power by a variable-power divider using phase shifters and a pair of 3-dB couplers are determined as a function of an incorrect setting of the phase shifters. The insertion phase, of the phase shifters, is assumed to have a Gaussian distribution about the desired value and the resultant probability distribution of the power division is calculated. Curves are given for the probability that P sub A falls within a given error. These curves are computed from the probability density function of P sub A which is also shown graphically.


Jorge de Montemayor never called his Siete Libros de la Diana a 'novela pastoril' nor indeed was the word novela applied by anyone in the sixteenth century to any works other than Italianate short stories. Nevertheless it seems clear that Montemayor was conscious of producing a new and even daring version of pastoral, by combining it with narrative in the tradition of the Italian novella. In this sense the term 'pastoral novel' is valid for La Diana, and attention to its hybrid nature provides a clue to understanding the work's enormous popularity in terms of continuations, adaptations and translations in the sixteenth and seventeeth centuries, as well as its importance in the history of the modern European novel.


Automated warning and alert devices such as airborne collision avoidance systems (ACASs) represent a class of automation that is often found to be imperfect. The imperfections can be expressed as the number of false alarms or missed events. Most ACASs are constructed with a bias to prevent misses (which may have catastrophic consequences) and therefore, coupled with a low base-rate of conflict events, create high false alarm rates. In this paper, we review the adequacy of various CDTI warning algorithms that have been proposed and tested in addressing the false alarm issue, and the potential for multiple levels of alerting to mitigate the effects of false alarms on trust and reliance on the CDTI. We suggest new directions for future research, including evaluating the effects of false alarm rates on pilots' use of the CDTI, determining what strategies may enhance pilot tolerance of false alarms, and investigating the use of CDTI in conjunction with air traffic controllers.


Background: Human activity recognition is a process by which a system can identify different human activities based on the observations on the individual's action and his/her surroundings [1]. However, human beings are social by nature and like to build community depending upon a common point of interest and common characteristics. Therefore, for getting complete knowledge of an individual's activities, community based activity recognition — an extension of single activity recognition [2] and group activity recognition [3] is necessary. Additionally, for community activity monitoring, activity prediction is equi-important with activity recognition because early knowledge of the activities use to compare with the recognize activities for studying the certain change in the community activity pattern.


Objective To investigate the association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) haplotypes in adiponectin gene with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods The study included 202 patients with T2DM and 143 nondiabetic(NDM) healthy subjects with no family history of diabetes.Using polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP),we genotyped the SNP-11391,SNP-11377,SNP-4522,SNP+45 and SNP+331 in adiponectin gene,and constructed their haplotypes.Then,we assessed the association of the five SNPs with T2DM.Results (1)The genotypic and allelic frequencies of SNP-11391,SNP-11377,SNP-4522,SNP+45 and SNP +331 had no significant difference between T2DM and NDM groups (all P0.05).(2)The frequencies of haplotype SNP-11377C-SNP-4522T had difference between T2DM and NDM groups(P=0.02). Conclusions The haplotype SNP-11377C-SNP -4522T of adiponectin gene is associated with increased T2DM risk (Or=1.60,95%CI:1.09~2.35).


spp. are nowadays considered as the primary agents of intestinal diseases in humans and animals (Johnson et al., 1997). They have a worldwide distribution and can be found infecting more than 170 different animal species (O'Donoghue, 1995). They belong to the phylum Apicomplexa, parasite the gastrointestinal microvilli epithelium and or the bronchial tree (Fayer et al., 2000). There are currently 14 species of


. The prognosis of 187 patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been evaluated by use of the life table method. All patients had a FEV1 less than 60% of VC and below 1.5 1. The observation time ranged from 4 years and 4 months to 7 years and 4 months. The cumulative survival rate in the whole material was 71 % after 3 years and 47% after 6 ýears, results which are very close to the survival found by other authors. Calculations are presented of the survival of FEV1 subgroups and of clinical functional groups separately and combined. These two classifications have a good correlation to survival, and it is demonstrated that the combination of functional group and FEV1 subgroups adds more information regarding the prognosis than that obtained through FEV1 alone. Among patients with earlier pulmonary tuberculosis the prognosis was related only to the degree of pulmonary obstruction. The expected increase in lethality with advancing age was demonstrated, but the mortality was relatively higher in the younger age group when compared to the general population of the same age. The prognosis of patients with cor pulmonale was considerably worse than of patients without cor pulmonale, even when the higher degree of severe airway obstruction was considered.


The articles examines the origins and current situation of environmental history as understood in the U.S. and other English-speaking nations. It evalutes the problems encountered by the social sciences in including environmental variables or aspects in their legitimate field of research. Some characteristics of the research and texts produced by environmental history are described. The article also makes mention of other scientific disciplines closely linked to this new field and provides information on the periodical Environmental Review . It further offers short summaries of some of the most important books in environmental history published over the last twenty years and mentions some Brazilian writes and essayists who have in different ways, today or in the past, revealed a sensitivity to environmental variables. Lastly, the text assesses how environmental history may contribute to a better understanding of Brazilian history and society.


This paper presents results on optical cross-connect switches based on novel MEMS vertical mirrors. The switch consists of two mirror arrays to redirect optical beams from an input fiber array to an output fiber array. Each mirror is actuated by two electrostatic comb drive actuators, and can be rotated bi-directionally and perpendicularly to the chip surface. Finite element model (FEM) and Gaussian beam optics have been used to simulate and optimize the optical cross-connect switch architecture. Results have shown that the switch is much less constrained by the scaling distance of light propagation as the port count grows. However, the coupling efficiency is sensitive to angular alignment for large port-counts; thus mechanism for ensuring precise angular control of the micro-mirror is crucial for the proposed MEMS optical cross-connect switches.


Upright type port and harbor structures have been adopted to quay walls, breakwaters and other maritime structures. The organic matters of faeces and pseudofaeces loaded by suspended feeder inhabiting on the wall would fall onto seabed of adjacent area, resulting in consuming dissolved oxygen. Eutrophic inner bays usually experience a thermocline during summer season. Therefore, depositions of organic matters derived from attached animals would promote hypoxia in the hypolimnion. The design technique has been developed as one solution of this problem, which is based on the ecosystem engineering for creating the artificial shoal area inside of vertical structures. The objective of the technique is to activate material cycle by installation of artificial shoal through the food web from attached animals to benthic animals feeding organic matter excreted by attached animals.In the discussion, we proposed the idea for creating the artificial shoal space inside a caisson type upright breakwater developed for the Mishimakawanoe port in Ehime prefecture, located western part of Japan.


Abstract A kinetic model is put forward for the study of the antigen‐antibody reactions involved in the coated tube radioimmunoassay (RIA) of androstendione. Twenty experiments were conducted to determine the influence of initial concentrations, ionic strength, viscosity, and temperature on the substitution reaction of 125I‐androstendione (M) by unlabelled androstendione (Q) in the immunocomplex PM (P = anti‐androstendione antibody). The results obtained are in line with the proposed model. The concentration of radioactive immunocomplex is directly proportional to the initial concentration of labelled androstendione and independent of the concentration of unlabelled androstendione, ionic strength, and viscosity. The reaction is not diffusion‐controlled.


The purpose of the research is to develop information technology for designing systems for monitoring load-bearing structures elements of buildings and structures of a high responsibility category based on the information about on the construction site and engineering survey results to obtain the automatic mode of results required for the development of these systems. The article describes the procedure for developing structural health monitoring (SHM) projects for the building and structures, based on the specific features of the development control and measuring system for building and structures and the engineering experience of designing these systems. The article presents the algorithms and macros that form the basis of the developed information technology, recommendations for determining the control parameters, the composition of the measuring equipment. The fundamentals of information technology development outlined in the article allow the development of algorithms and programs for the automated analysis of information about the construction and the construction site. The result of the analysis is the data necessary for the development of monitoring systems for buildings and structures of a higher category of responsibility.


The performance of an antenna is changed whenever it is placed within the field of another antenna because of the existence of mutual coupling. The concept of receiving mutual impedance was introduced to characterize the mutual coupling effect in receiving antenna arrays and has been successfully applied in many occasions, such as direction finding, adaptive nulling, and medical imaging. In this paper, the definition of receiving mutual impedance is extended to characterize the mutual impedance coupling effect in two patch antennas operating in a rich multipath environment. In the extended definition, the two antennas are excited by a larger number plane waves coming from different directions. The behaviour of the receiving mutual impedances when the antennas are excited by different number of plane waves is studied and compared with the case of omni-directional antennas. This extends the use of receiving mutual impedance to non-omni-directional antennas for operation in multipath environments and has an implication for receiving antenna array design for multi-antenna systems such as MIMO systems.


The shear thickening fluid (STF) treatment enhances the low and high velocity impact resistance performances of para-aramid woven fabrics for soft armour application. This research investigates the effects of important parameters on the STF add on and impact energy absorption with the aim to develop a hybrid soft armour. The STF add-on on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) woven fabrics was varied by altering the silica particle size, dilution ratio of STF and padding pressure. The results of the full factorial design of experiment showed that the energy absorption is independent of the add-on. Further, a soft armour panel (SAP) was made from the STF treated woven fabric. The ballistic performance of the panel was evaluated in terms of back face signature (BFS) against a 9 × 19 mm lead core bullet and was compared to that of a weight equivalent untreated panel. A hybrid SAP with unidirectional (UD) laminates of UHMWPE as strike face layers and STF treated woven fabrics as backing layers was prepared, and the BFS was found to be equivalent to that of a SAP containing 100% UD laminates (∼30 mm). The results imply that a certain number of UD laminate layers can be replaced with STF treated flexible woven fabrics without compromising on the ballistic performance of SAP.


Past studies have shown positive correlations between the arts and academic achievement when the arts were integrated into the literature curriculum. Other studies have shown positive associations between the arts and other areas of the curriculum, such as mathematics and science. Considering the Theory of Change, which employs understandings in Critical Literacy, Multimodal Literacy, and Transmediation, this study employed a multi-stage cluster randomized design and conducted a series of comparison and treatment group statistical analyses among predominantly low income students in an urban school district, some of whom had participated in the Integrating Theater Arts Project (ITAP). The study assessed whether a relationship existed between the presence of a theater arts intervention and student achievement in language arts and mathematics. Results showed that students receiving intervention often outperformed their control group counterparts in both math and language arts. Furthermore, students in the theater arts program outperformed their control group counterparts in every case that showed statistical significance. These cases included math achievement among sixth grade students, both language arts and math achievement of sixth grade males, and math achievement of sixth grade Hispanics. The authors conclude that programs like ITAP and methods relative to the Theory of Change may in fact promote academic achievement among participating students. They also invite future studies to consider how achievement of other academic subjects – in this case, mathematics – may also relate to such interventions. Introduction and Background Madeleine Grumet (2004), in writing about the importance of integrating arts into the literature curriculum, states that, "When children understand literature as something meaningful and complex, they sense its capacity to inform their lives. This is the kind of literacy that influences reading scores in middle school and high school, when we often see the gains of intensive reading instruction diminish in national assessments" (p. 67). Over the past 30 years, there has been a growing awareness of the effectiveness of arts integration in improving classroom learning, especially for students from low income families. For instance, Stevenson and Deasy (2005) studied 10 schools where students from economically disadvantaged circumstances were succeeding. These 10 schools identified the arts as a key reason for that success. Teachers in the case study schools also said they derived delight, professional renewal, and satisfaction from incorporating arts into their teaching. Another example is the study of the Chicago Arts Partnerships in Education (CAPE) program that partnered artists and art agencies with teachers at all grade levels in low-socioeconomic urban public schools. Findings demonstrated that CAPE schools clearly outperformed the control schools in a wide variety of outcomes, such as, positive changes in school climate and improved reading and math scores (Catterall and Waldorf, 1999). Moreover, Catterall (2002) points to research that shows consistent positive associations among dramatic enactment and reading comprehension, oral story understanding, and written story understanding. Finally, in a review of 80 different studies, Ann Podlozny (2000) reported a consistent correlation between classroom drama and oral language development. Other studies include De la Cruz (1995), who reported a quantitative link between creative drama and the oral language skills of children with learning disabilities; Williamson and Silvern (1992), who found that kindergarten students who acted out roles and scenes from stories substantially increased their story comprehension and verbal abilities; and Tabone (2004), who reported that the use of puppets and masks with third and fourth graders provided the safety and distance required for children to overcome their fear of using language incorrectly. Several studies have further established a positive correlation between classroom drama activities and reading comprehension, writing, and oral communication skills. These include Parks and Rose (1997), who reported substantial improvement on standardized reading comprehension tests by fourth grade students who participated in drama activities; Wagner (1986), who studied fourth and eighth graders and provided evidence of the value of role-playing as a pre-writing activity; and Wolf (1998), who looked at third and fourth grade children designated as "at risk" and with special needs and found that involvement in classroom drama contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of literature. Classroom drama activities have also been shown to motivate and reinforce the development of intrapersonal communication, interpersonal communication, and general social skills. For instance, De la Cruz (1995) reported that children with learning disabilities who participated in a creative drama program showed enhanced social skills, including courtesy to others, greater self-control, the ability to focus and social compliance. Heath's study (1999) of several urban and rural arts educational programs in various parts of the country found that the arts were a consistent and significant force in social learning. And a ten-year study of 124 afterschool adolescent arts programs revealed that involvement in the arts "builds and sustains a host of skills and capacities rooted in their personal recognition of themselves as competent, creative and productive individuals" (Heath with Roach, 1999, p. 29). Interestingly, several studies have demonstrated a positive association between classroom drama and other areas of the curriculum, including math and science. An analysis by Catterall, Chapleau and Iwanaga (1999) of longitudinal data collected nationwide revealed that students who experience arts integrated into the curriculum scored substantially higher in various measures than students without such exposure. Additionally, Burton, Horowitz and Abeles (1999) found that students in Minneapolis applied competencies gained from experience with the arts to other areas of the curriculum and enhanced their image of themselves as learners. Last, Ingram and Seashore (2003) documented a positive correlation between students exposed to educational arts programs and academic performance, with the strongest correlation among low income students in Minneapolis. Theoretical Frameworks Burnaford et al (2007) posits three categories that help bring together varying perspectives on arts integration: arts integration as learning "through" and "with" the arts; arts integration as a curricular connections process; and arts integration as collaborative engagement. Integrating Theater Arts Program (ITAP), the program under study, fits well into these three categories, since theater arts has been used as methodology, connects directly to the district's curriculum, and acts as a way to create both engagement with what is being studied and collaboration among students. While much interest has centered on how learning occurs in and through the arts, as noted by the history of arts education, curriculum integration, and arts integration, there are also a number of theoretical perspectives in the field of literacy and cognitive learning that are useful for understanding how learning is promoted through the arts. In this article, we highlight three of these perspectives with illustrative examples of how each is reflected in activities that occur in an arts integrated classroom, and employ them in the development of the Theory of Change, which hypothesizes increased academic and social achievement when certain ascribing features are present. Critical Literacy Critical literacy studies (Barton & Hamilton, 2000) refer to literacy-teaching approaches that access and explore the cultural variables that play into student literacy learning. Perry (2012) notes that critical literacy refers to finding ways to make literacy instruction meaningful and relevant by recognizing and incorporating students' out-of-school ways of practicing literacy and decreasing achievement gaps for students whose families and communities practice literacy in ways that may differ from those in the mainstream or in positions of power. As an example, in one infusion strategy, "Hot Seat," characters from a story are interviewed by students as a means to dive more deeply into character interpretation and explore the characters' personality traits and motives. Initially, the teacher takes on the role of one of the characters and sits in the hot seat, prompting students to ask this character a series of questions. Throughout the activity, the teacher comes out of role and directs the class in discussion, asking for thoughts and feelings about things such as personality, moral choices, and motives that the character represented. Because this activity steps outside of the text, there are no predetermined questions or incorrect answers. In essence, the students become the authors of a new text. This strategy allows students to think about possible issues and problems within a story. In order to do this, students must first consider their own lives and their own experiences dealing with similar situations. When the students find a comparable experience, they can reflect on how their entire person engaged within that situation, remembering the place, time, and others present, as well as the engagement of their senses (i.e. touch, sound, smell, and taste) in addition to, and often most important, the emotions connected to the event. This personal understanding of the situation is then used as a way to respond within the fictional role of interviewer and the non-fictional role of student. As promoted through critical literacy studies, the "Hot Seat" strategy allows students to access and use culturally-defined, lived experiences as a way to engage, interpret and process the curriculum, which is a pra


In regard to automotive seat belts, we have a standard which incorporates most of the features of the British Standard and also some of the features of the Society of Automotive Engineers Standard. In addition, based on our own experiments, we have been using a twenty-five-pound maximum release load on the buckle at a residual belt load of 250 pounds. We strongly feel the need for a dynamic test and have a subcommittee examining this matter at the moment. One dynamic test which has been used as an interim measure has been set up at the Snowy Mountains Hydroelectric Authority by D. C. Herbert. It utilizes a vertical drop technique, the belt attachment point being brought to an abrupt stop rather than being decelerated over a distance. This apparatus is used for dynamic tests on webbing alone and also on the complete assembly. Our latest statistics of seat-belt installation indicated a level of approximately 5 per cent in the city areas. The full extent of seat-belt usage is unknown at the moment. The distribution of types of belts is three-point, diagonal, lap and full harness, in that order.


ENGELHARD INDUSTRIES have, for the past 15 years, been particularly interested in the subject of impressed current cathodic protection of ships' hulls. A study we made convinced us of the advantages of platinum as an anode material, since even under high current density (500 A/sq.ft.) the dissolution rate of this metal was only 6 mg./A‐yr. in sea‐water. The noble metals are manufactured by the industry, and so it followed that the cathodic protection of ships became an active project.


The Qaidam basin, northwest China, has producing oil fields in the northwestern and northeastern corners of the basin. However, the petroleum systems in the basin and molecular organic geochemistry of the oils are undocumented. Jurassic and Tertiary petroleum source rocks occur throughout the northern Gaidam basin, and in surrounding mountain belts. The nonmarine Tertiary section contains thick sections of carbonate and evaporite-rich, hypersaline lacustrine mudstones, interbedded with alluvial and fluvial sandstones and conglomerates. In contrast, nonmarine Jurassic source rocks consist of laminated, black, lacustrine shales and related coals that were deposited in humid fluvial environments. Oils from the northwestern Qaidam basin have consistent biomarker and non-biomarker molecular organic geochemistry parameters, including low pristane: phytane ratio high-levels of gammacerane and C[sub 34] and C[sub 35] homohopanes, and the presence of [Beta] and [gamma]-carotane. These parameters indicate the source rock was deposited in a hypersaline, anoxic, reducing lacustrine environment, and probably had a significant carbonate or evaporate component. Based on geologic and geochemical data, the source rocks for these oils were in the Tertiary lacustrine section. Some oils from the northeastern part of the basin are similar geochemically to those from the northwest Qaidam basin, and also are derived from Tertiary hypersalinemore » lacustrine source rocks. Other oils from the northeastern part of the basin are distinct in geochemical character. These oils have high pristane: phytane ratios, and do not contain hypersaline lacustrine indicators, as do northwestern Qaidam oils. The high pristane: phytane ratio, low relative abundance of C[sub 34] and C[sub 35] homohopanes and high terpane: sterane ratio, suggest a nonmarine origin for the northeastern Qaidam oils. These data indicate that Jurassic lacustrine shales were source rocks for oils in the northeastern Qaidam basin.« less


National legislation criminalizing domestic violence and cases from the rural town of Namiquipa, Chihuahua, are examined in relation to broad processes of state formation and local practices in order to demonstrate the ways in which law was a site for the negotiation of identities and relations of power in nineteenth century Mexico. The paper argues that the criminalization of domestic violence in Mexico was part of a liberal process of nation‐state formation that attempted to revolutionize the legitimate bases of authority and redefine hegemonic forms of gender in both public and domestic spheres. However, legal changes rationalized rather than undermined patriarchy.


TraPPE-UA and OPLS-AA force fields were used to investigate the applications of the Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo (GEMC) method and the Gibbs-Duhem integration (GDI) method in predicting the vapor-liquid equilibrium properties. It was found that the GDI method was much faster than the GEMC method if all-atom force field was employed. Based on the calculation results, the two methods could be viewed as complementary to the problem of vapor liquid coexistence. The calculated liquid densities, enthalpies of vaporization, critical temperatures, and critical densities by the two methods were very close to each other for a given force field. If the force field caused errors in the calculated heats of vaporization, the calculated vapor pressures and densities by the two methods were clearly different, which also led to difference in the predicted critical pressure.


Following the 1952 revolution, the Egyptian higher education system grew rapidly, with post-secondary institutes complementing the expanding university system. Private post-secondary institutes were permitted from 1970; in the early 1990s financial constraints and pressures for cost recovery prompted legislation allowing private universities. In the face of expansion, diversification, and partial privatization, concerns have arisen about equity in higher education opportunities. The 2014 Survey of Young People in Egypt is used to examine correlates of higher education track placement and of sector placement within tracks.  We produce secondary score and wealth profiles of students in selected fields, specific for track and sector. Analysis shows who studies where and suggests reasons why. Attending a particular track and sector in higher education is driven: 1) primarily by scores on the secondary school leaving exam; and 2) secondarily by the ability to pay for private higher education.


Polishing a substrate for the abrasive composition, comprising a plurality of abrasive particles having a polydisperse particle size distribution, the median particle size polydisperse particle size distribution by volume is from about 20 nanometers to about 100 nanometers; span value, by volume is greater than or equal to about 20 nanometers, wherein the fraction of particles greater than about 100 nanometers is less than or equal to about 20% by volume of the abrasive particles.


The thesis investigates changing agricultural practices and wood use across a landscape from the Neolithic to Romano-British period, through charred archaeobotanical remains: crops, weeds, wild herbaceous plants and wood charcoal, recovered during survey test-pitting and excavation as part of the multi-site, South Cadbury Environs Project (SCEP), South Somerset, England.

Alongside abundant barley grain, the major wheat crop shifts from emmer to spelt in the Late Bronze Age, with the appearance of free threshing wheat towards the end of the Romano-British period. The quantity of crop remains increase in the Middle Iron Age contexts accompanied by new crop types including pulses. The crop composition is investigated through consideration of both the crops themselves and the physical and ecological characteristics of the accompanying weeds and wild taxa. The majority of crop-rich SCEP samples represent waste from the later stages of crop processing. Ecological assessment of the crop weeds from the fine sieving by-products of glume wheats points to differences between localities which are suggested to indicate a shift from Bronze Age spring sowing of glume wheat to autumn sowing in the Middle Iron Age, particularly at the limestone-scarp site of Sheepslait.

The majority of the wood charcoal recovered from the SCEP samples seem to represent waste from fuel use. Across the landscape as a whole, the wood taxa utilised remained relatively stable throughout the periods, representing oak and ash lowland mixed deciduous woodland, woodland edge and hedgerow species. Ecological investigation of the wood taxa shows differences related to location. A marked temporal change in the taxa from the Sigwells area may indicate the sourcing of wood for particular tasks.


Abstract In this investigation, ignition processes of the methane and the propane using a high-temperature oxidizer (T oxi > T ai) with a varying oxygen concentration z O2 - the HTAC (High Temperature Air Combustion) conditions, applying a constant-volume bomb (CVB) was investigated. The influence of the initial temperature of the oxidizer T oxi was analyzed and discussed. It is shown that in order to achieve an effective reaction of ignition the oxidizer temperature needn't be maximized. Detailed evolution of ignition delay time with equivalence ratio τig was presented. It can be concluded that increment of oxygen concentration z O2 in oxidizer results in decrease of τig. Trials with propane are characterizing lower values of ignition delay time τig in comparison with methane.


We address the quality of service (QoS) provisioning problem in an aggregated multi-server environment. The input packet stream traffic to the system is categorized at a macro level into a few "flow-classes" that require service differentiation; each class is further subdivided into "flows" at the micro-level. Flows can be serviced by any server: however; the service rate is a function of the class and the particular server. Given such an environment, we have a multi-criteria optimization objective: (i) provide differentiated service to flows, (ii) achieve load balancing of the servers and (iii) maximize their throughput (amount of bytes serviced). We present an on-line fluid-based approximation scheme to schedule packets. Modeling the accumulated traffic in a class as fluid we use linear programming to first determine the optimal fractions that should be directed to different servers while ensuring fairness and high server throughput. We propose a packet scheduling strategy for the multi-server framework (by extending a well-known fair round-robin algorithm for single link systems) that effectively incorporates the optimal service fractions determined in the previous step. We validate the proposed algorithm with extensive simulations. The results show that the algorithm imparts high throughput with good service differentiation. We also evaluate reordering of packet requests within flow streams by presenting relevant metrics that quantify reordering


Chia (Salvia hispanica) is a seed with viscous mucilage that can be extracted and used in the industry. This study evaluated the effect of the extraction process on the chia mucilage density, consistency, yield and PH. Also the research determined the most effective methodology for extraction and characterized dietary fiber, ash and moisture content in mucilage from chia seed. Three factors varied in the gel extraction process: the seed that was ground for a partial extraction of the fat (23%), it was hydrated in distilled water at 25 and 80 °C; and also was added citric acid in two concentrations. The treatments were centrifuged at 4500 rpm during 120 minutes to separate the seed. Finally the extracts were lyophilized as a dehydration process. We used a completely randomized experimental design for the eight treatments, applied an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and used mean separation Tukey test. The treatment extracted at 25°C, had 0% of citric acid and whole seed, presented the highest consistency values (17,47 mPas). The treatment extracted at 80°C, had 0,5% of citric acid and partly defatted seed, presented the highest yield values (17,13%). The treatment extracted at 80°C, had 0% of citric acid and whole seed, had the greatest effect on density (1,06 g/mL). The lowest effect on the pH was logically presented with the treatment with no citric acid, 25°C, and whole seed. Finally it was determinated that the increase of temperature causes a negative effect in yield and consistency, affecting the quality of the gel. The acidic environment increased the yield but decreased the consistency of mucilage. The agitation and centrifugation processes possibly destabilized the molecular structure, which might be the cause of the decrease in the consistency. The mucilage extraction from chia seed demands high costs, so it would be better to keep the seed with the mucilage to include it in product formulations. We recommend to commercialize ground seed or chia flour to take advantage of the mucilage properties.


The spin-s one dimensional Ising model is studied analytically within the framework of transfer matrix method. Exact results for some thermodynamical properties such as the internal energy, the entropy, the magnetization and the magnetic susceptibility are obtained for general spin-s in the absence (presence) of a magnetic field. The critical behavior of the thermodynamical properties are analysed for some values of spin-s (1/2, 1 and 3/2) at different temperature and field. The asymptotic behavior of these properties are investigated especially close to the critical temperature T → 0 and when T → ∞.


Applicability of viral 2A-peptides in generation of multi-cistronic transcripts to deliver separate self-cleaved proteins is well established. However, the use of viral 2A-peptides in fowlpox virus vector construction to co-express multiple heterologous genes has not been explored. To evaluate the same, a recombinant transfer plasmid pJFWPVt was constructed through two intermediate plasmid constructs, pJF7F9 and pJFHNGFP. The construction of pJF7F9 involved cloning of F7 and F9 genes of FWPV into pCI-neo with modifications in the F7-F9 intergenic region. For the construction of pJFHNGFP, a synthetic DNA adapter consisting of one synthetic early late promoter (PE/L), two viral 2A-peptides (P2A and T2A) and three multiple cloning sites (MCS1, MCS2 and MCS3) was synthesized chemically and was cloned into pUC19 to obtain pJFHNGFPi. Heterologous genes fusion (F) and haemagglutininneuraminidase (HN) of Avian Avulavirus-1 (AAv1) and marker gene AcGFP were cloned sequentially into MCS1, MCS2 and MCS3 of pJFHNGFPi to obtain pJFHNGFP. The insert (PE/L-F-P2A-HN-T2A-AcGFP) in pJFHNGFP was cloned into pJF7F9 to obtain pJFWPVt, which upon transfection in FWPV infected chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells resulted in fluorescence. This confirmed the expression of AcGFP and the continuous transcription ability of viral 2A-peptides. Further, western blotting of CEF pellet showed separate protein bands of F and HN protein at 66 kDa and 74 kDa respectively, which confirmed the self-cleaving ability of viral 2A-peptides. Herein, in FWPV vector construction, continuous transcription and self-cleaving ability of viral 2A-peptides in FWPV vector construction was confirmed. This warrants scope for future viral 2A-peptide based FWPV vector construction.


Products and manufacturing processes need to become more sustainable. Grinding tools and grinding processes are no exception. The wear of grinding tools is an important factor in their grinding performance and affects the grinding process outcome strongly. Different wear mechanisms on the grit and bond level lead to a change in tool profile and sharpness. This paper discusses and defines common terms used in the literature. Wheel wear occurs in three phases, initial wear, steady-state wear, and wheel collapse. In multi-layer tools, a steady self-sharpening state is preferable. This means that tool material loss is intrinsic to grinding processes and needed for the process to function. The G-ratio is a common parameter to evaluate tool life but not exhaustive. Economic, environmental and social sustainability of tool wear touches many different aspects which are sometimes contrary, e.g. in terms of economic sustainability tool manufacturers need tool wear to sell replacements, but tool wear leads to more waste and reduces environmental sustainability.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


Introduction: The many cases of far-out syndrome that have been reported have involved extraforaminal stenosis at L5–S1. We report two cases of extremely rare extraforaminal stenosis at L2–L3. Case Report 1: A 59-year-old man presented with a 1/2-year history of the right leg pain. Radiological examination revealed stenosis of the right L2 spinal nerve between the osteophyte of the vertebral body and the L3 right transverse process. The right L2 spinal nerve was decompressed with microendoscopic surgery. Postoperatively, the pain in the right lower extremity was relieved. Case Report 2: An 80-year-old man presented with a ½-year history of the right leg pain. He had undergone posterior lumbar fusion (L4–L5 and L5–S1) approximately 30 years earlier. Radiological examination revealed stenosis of the right L2 spinal nerve between the osteophyte of the vertebral body and the L3 right transverse process. The right L2 spinal nerve was decompressed with microendoscopic surgery. Postoperatively, the patient had no symptoms and his course over the next 6 months was good. Conclusions: In both cases, we performed microendoscopic decompression of the L2 spinal nerve with good post-operative results. In both our patients, extraforaminal stenosis was caused by osteophytes that formed as a result of degenerative spondylosis.


A four-layer sample rotation pattern is needed for quarterly surveys with four-stage sampling,and three main factors must be considered when designing the four-layer sample rotation pattern,the first one is the sample matched rate for the fourth sampling units between two successive quarters, the second one is the sample matched rate for the fourth sampling units between the same quarters of two successive years,the third one is to keep the matched rate unchanged all the time.If the rotation pattern for the primary sampling units,secondary sampling units,third sampling units,and fourth sampling units is 32 in,16 in 8 in and 2-2-2(4),respectively,then the four patterns can be used to create a four-layer sample rotation pattern.This four-layer sample rotation pattern can be used in the four-layer sample rotation for the Chinese Labor Force Survey.


Innovation consciousness is the source of art development. With the continuous development of society and the continuous advancement of computer technology, on the basis of solid mastery of professional knowledge, innovation consciousness has been paid more and more attention by the society, and has become one of the essential qualities of high-quality talents. Oil painting is an independent form of artistic creation, which attracts the attention of teachers and students with its unique charm and becomes an important part of art education in colleges and universities. Based on this, this article mainly studies how to cultivate students' creative thinking through oil painting teaching under the network cloud platform.


TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention belongs to automation, particularly, to a method of positioning a robot hand eye. Firstly, on a calibration reference plate affixed workpiece and create a visual coordinate system and the coordinates of all the points in a visual coordinate system on the reference workpiece is calculated, and then the workpiece and the calibration reference plate is moved to the next station of the robot, visually coordinate system and the robot coordinate system conversion, the coordinates of all points of the finally obtained on the reference workpiece. By this method is suitable for a large range positioning, high positioning accuracy of the robot assembly line.


The inter-domain routing system based on the BGP protocol is a kernel establishment in the Internet.It is not only the basic mechanism of exchanging the reachable information,but also the key way to inter-connect the Ass and establish the policy control in ISP.It is very important in the Internet Security.In the IPv6 network,the security of the inter-domian routing system is also a hard problem.And its threats might cause large-scale networking attacks.This paper classifies the security threats and disscusses the attack methods which may be adopted detailly.


The influences of steel slag,copper slag,slag,fly ash,phosphorus gypsum and desulfurization gypsum to the environment are reported.The properties and characteristics of these industrial waste residues are analyzed.Meanwhile,the utilization of these waste residues in cement industry in China is introduced.


YouTube is one of the most frequently used online sources providing easy access to health information with a large, diverse, and searchable video library. However, an unregulated policy and lack of peer-review process are important disadvantages. Accordingly, while based on thousands of surgical, animated, oral presentation and patient-experience videos, the information provided by YouTube videos is considered questionable in terms of quality, accuracy and credibility.


This book aims to help learners of business English to develop the vocabulary and grammar needed to participate in business effectively. The content and examples are up-to-date and very relevant to anyone working or planning to work internationally. The book is designed for students at pre-intermediate or intermediate level of English and can be used in class or for self-study.


Let S(X) be the Schwartz space of compactly supported smooth functions on the p-adic points of a spherical variety X, and let C(X) be the space of Harish-Chandra Schwartz functions. Under assumptions on the spherical variety, which are satisfied when it is symmetric, we prove Paley-Wiener theorems for the two spaces, characterizing them in terms of their spectral transforms. As a corollary, we get relative analogs of the smooth and tempered Bernstein centers -- rings of multipliers for S(X) and C(X). When X= a reductive group, our theorem for C(X) specializes to the well-known theorem of Harish-Chandra, and our theorem for S(X) corresponds to a first step -- enough to recover the structure of the Bernstein center -- towards the well-known theorem of Bernstein and Heiermann.


Various dilute polymer solutions have been subjected to ultrasonic waves from a spherically concave transducer at 600 kc/sec. The decrease in molecular weight of the polymers has been examined as a function of the gas saturation of the polymer solution and the static pressure. If cavitation is suppressed either by degassing or by the use of high static pressures with only partially gas‐saturated solutions, degradation does not appear to occur even at intensities approaching 103 watts/cm2 or acceleration amplitudes of 109 cm/sec2. With gas‐saturated solutions, the degradation of the polymers decreases with increasing static pressure. The dependence of the rate and extent of degradation on ultrasonic intensity has also been studied with other equipment providing relatively uniform ultrasonic fields. In polymer solutions of relatively high viscosity, the development of the cavitation field is a slow process. Visual observations at 600 kc/sec indicate that only a few bubbles form initially and each of these b...


In a time of both great threat to and po tential for human society, a time of great social upheaval and rapid development of new knowledge, no profession that has its roots in science and its goals in service can remain unaffected by the changes taking place, nor should it remain aloof from help ing to shape the direction and nature of change. There probably has been no period in the relatively short history of social work when the demands and expectations of social work and social work education have


Abstract We investigated the influence of sex and depth of body on escapes from hoop nets by red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta) to assess if escapes from traps potentially biased estimates of structure of populations. Turtles remained in traps ≥34 h and traps were checked at ca. 12-h intervals. Depth of body was not a significant variable in escapes from hoop nets, but sex was a significant variable, with only females escaping. This study provides evidence that previous reports on the inefficiency of hoop nets and on rates of captures that are male-biased could result from escapes rather than differential attraction to traps.


With the tremendous improvement of industrial manufacturing, the methods and technology of automobile industry have made great progress. As a significant factor determining the appearance of vehicle models, the dimension control of body-in-white (BIW) also has constantly optimization in the continuous innovation of automotive products. The dimension control of BIW is of great importance in the production process and plays a connecting role in automobile manufacturing. As for actual BIW production, not only a complete body framework is established through the assembly of stamping parts, but also the hang-on parts are preliminarily installed and matched with the body framework to form the basis for the assembly of following parts. In this study, current researches and methods of BIW dimension control in automobile industry are summarized and illustrated. Then, factors which affecting the dimension status of BIW are classified and highlighted by main types. The model and system of process control based on data analysis are established. Finally, the model and strategy are sufficiently validated by test result.


Patients Between December 2007 and January 2013, we treated patients with postprimary TKA flexion contractures with CPSNB in conjunction with an aggressive physical therapy regimen. The inclusion criteria consisted of flexion contractures greater than 15° after primary TKA and at least 3 months of conventional physical therapy with no improvement. The exclusion criteria consisted of patients who had clinical or radiographic abnormalities or who refused the treatment. Fifteen patients (15 knees) (12 females and 3 males between 56 and 75 years old with a median age of 67.3 years) enrolled in this study.


pAST EFFORTS to portray the history of eugenics and racism have for the most part been limited to a single country, period, or person. It is consequently of signal importance to note the broader scope of the first of these two volumes. It is a collection of studies that grew out of a three-day conference. To its organizer, Mark B. Adams, fell the task of soliciting and editing the six contributions the book contains: Eugenics in the history of science, by Adams; The race hygiene movement in Germany, 1904-1945, by Sheila F. Weiss; The eugenics movement in France, 18901940, by William H. Schneider; Eugenics in Brazil, 1917-1940, by Nancy Leys Stepan; Eugenics in Russia, 1900-1940, by Adams; and a final summation and perspective, Towards a comparative history of eugenics, also by Adams. Very different in character is the ponderous, scholarly, and well-documented volume by Weindling, a study of race hygiene (the term preferred by the Germans for eugenics) in Germany during the three-quarters of a century before the culmination of Nazism and the outbreak of World War II. Much of what Paul Weindling has to add to existing studies of eugenics in Germany has been anticipated by solid studies in the past, although most of them were far more restricted in purview or detail. One may mention in this comparison, as among the more recent critiques, Weiss's own excellent study of the part Schallmeyer played in the rise of German race hygiene and the vivid relation by Robert Proctor of race hygiene in German medicine (see Q Rev. Biol., 64:175-180, 1989). Weiss's contribution to the volume edited by Mark Adams covers the history of race hygiene in Germany between 1904 and 1945, elaborating on the Schallmeyer volume and providing a good overview of the influence of Alfred Ploetz, Fritz Lenz, and others in the period of Imperial Germany, during the Weimar Republic, and under the swastika. The brevity of this account, in comparison with the vast compilation by Weindling, offers a considerable merit, especially since the conclusions reached by Weiss and by Weindling are quite similar.


Crinoid genera of the subclass Camerata generally dominated Late Silurian through Middle Mississippian pelmatozoan echinoderm assemblages. This dominance reached a peak during the early and middle Mississippian (Kinderhookian-Meramecian), but abruptly ended at the close of the Genevievian Stage (=lowermost Chesterian) in eastern North America. During the Genevievian Stage, crinoids of the subclass Inadunata became taxonomically more diverse but a few camerates, especially Platycrinites and Batocrinus, continued to be numerically dominant in many pelmatozoan assemblages. In eastern North America, platycrinids and batocrinids were reduced drastically near the Genevievian-Gasperian boundary. So obvious is this faunal change that, until recently, the Meramecian-Chesterian Series boundary was recognized as the last occurrence of Platycrinites penicillus. The sudden and drastic decline of numerically dominant platycrinids and batocrinids in eastern North America suggests a mass extinction, but is better interpreted as a range contraction and loss of dominance. Platycrinids, in particular, continued to be significant components of pelmatozoan assemblages in Europe and Asia long after the end of the Genevievian Stage. We infer that this reorganization of pelmatozoan assemblages in eastern North America was a product of predation, siliciclastic tolerance, and current-energy preference, with predation playing a major role. Reorganization resulted in post-Genevievian dominance by (1) cladid crinoids, (2) camerate crinoids that were cladid homeomorphs, and (3) the blastoid Pentremites. Foraminifera, conodonts, corals, brachiopods, bryozoans, and other echinoderm groups were affected little, if any, during this same time.


A method of controlling the dynamic behavior of a road vehicle is calculated a difference of behavior understeer (EC) of the vehicle from the value of the steering angle (alphaV) applied by the driver on the steering wheel , the current value of the longitudinal speed of the vehicle and a maximum value of lateral acceleration (gammaTsat) estimated in real time, is calculated from the current value of this behavior difference, a set point longitudinal deceleration value (gammaL2) for the braking system of the vehicle and a reduction in target value of the engine torque (DELTACM), so as to reduce the longitudinal speed of the vehicle.


From family ethical perspective,Tao's poems present a simple and natural world of the family bond,and his view of human relations is based on awareness of Confucian filial piety and humane love ideas.He integrated Taoism into his own spirit world and attitude toward life,in order to find a way to reconcile the contradictions and conflicts in his family life.


Adam, G. Stuart, The education of journalists, 3, 315–339 Aldridge, Meryl E., Confessional culture, masculinity and emotional work, 1, 91–108 Allen, David S., The First Amendment and the doctrine of corporate personhood: collapsing the press–corporation distinction, 3, 255–278 Aucoin, James L., Epistemic responsibility and narrative theory: the literary journalism of Ryszard Kapuscinski, 1, 5–21 Bromley, Michael, Howard Tumber and Barbie Zelizer, Editorial: Journalism education, 3, 251–254 Compton, James, see David Skinner Corner, John, see Peter Goddard Forde, Eamonn, From polyglottism to branding: on the decline of personality journalism in the British music press, 1, 23–43 Garrison, Bruce, Diffusion of online information technologies in newspaper newsrooms, 2, 221–239 Gasher, Mike J., see David Skinner Gavin, Neil T., British journalists in the spotlight: Europe and media research, 3, 299–314 Goddard, Peter, John Corner and Kay Richardson, The formation of World in Action: a case study in the history of current affairs journalism, 1, 73–90 Haas, Tanni and Linda Steiner, Public journalism as a journalism of publics: implications of the Habermas–Fraser debate for public journalism, 2, 123–147 Huxford, John, Beyond the referential: uses of visual symbolism in the press, 1, 45–71 Reed, Rosslyn, (Un-)Professional discourse? Journalists' and scientists' stories about science in the media, 3, 279–298 Richardson, Kay, see Peter Goddard Russell, Adrienne, Chiapas and the new news: internet and newspaper coverage of a broken cease-fire, 2, 197–220 Journalism


Modern physics provides a framework in order to describe the behavior of many interacting particles as a whole system characterized by a ground state and a spectrum of excited states. The corresponding elementary excitations are a basic ingredient of the description of many physical properties. Their knowledge constitutes the best microscopic understanding of a system and from the initial bricks constituted by the energy spectrum E n and the associated wave-functions | (cid:1) n > , one can calculate expectation value of an observable A : < A > = (cid:1) n p n < (cid:1) n | A | (cid:1) n > where p n is the probability of occupation of level n at the temperature T , p n = 1 Z exp ( − E n k B T ). Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) is a very powerfull probe to measure elementary excitations being either related to the lattice (phonons) or to the magnetism (spin waves, spin fluctuations . . . ). In this lecture, we focus on magnetic excitations starting by recalling basic notions of INS and introducing basic instrumentation. Different kind of excitations are then reviewed: local excitations, dispersive excitations and diffuse modes. These excitations are related to different terms of the Hamiltonian describing the magnetic system: spin-orbit coupling, crystal field potential, exchange interaction. The


Measurements of relative permeabilities and their analysis and modification by means of appropriate relative permeability models represent one of the bases for development and verification of reservoir simulation models. It requires careful selection of these curves providing that a statistically sufficiently relevant groups of similar curves are available for the selected reservoir or for individual rock types within the same reservoir. In order to be able to correctly apply these curves in reservoir simulations, previous knowledge of all reservoir rock parameters is required, i.e. porosity, absolute and effective permeability, saturation, etc. Objective of the paper is to present procedures of relative permeability curve measurements and analysis methods of data experimentally obtained from different models which describe such data, to be able to apply them with high degree of quality in numerical reservoir simulations. In that regard, the final part of the paper through a concrete example shows the procedure of relative permeability data analysis and their processing for application in hydrocarbon reservoir model construction.


A radioanalytical separation employing neutron activation analysis was developed for the speciation of nonprotein Al metabolites in human urine. The developed procedure also permitted the estimation of the amount of protein-bound Al. Four, consecutive twenty four hour urine specimens were collected and analyzed separately. An aluminum-containing antacid was ingested in three equal doses during the third collection period. Proteins were removed from the matrix by precipitation. The Al ions were then selectively separated by cation exchange chromatography and assayed by neutron activation analysis. Recoveries were determined for the entire procedure and found to be 92±4%. The majority of Al in urine was found to be protein bound (>88%) with minor fractions bound to low molecular weight ligands such as citrate.


In many HF communication applications, the antennas are mounted on vehicular platforms. Due to the large wavelengths, the platform in these applications is part of the antenna. However, most HF antennas are not designed to take advantage of the presence of the platform. In this paper, we report the results of a study in which we investigate how the performance of a platform-mounted antenna can be improved by treating the platform as part of the antenna. Specifically, we examine how the mounted antenna can be used to excite the natural resonant modes of the structure. In this case, the platform will act as the main radiator and the mounted antenna as the coupling mechanism to the external circuit. In doing so, the characteristic mode theory is used to identify the efficient means of excitation of the platform current. We demonstrate that this technique can be used to enhance the bandwidth of HF antennas operating at the lower end of the HF band by a factor of 13.2. Scaled model measurements are used to confirm the theoretical predictions of this paper.


Claudia R. Jensen. Musical Cultures in Seventeenth-Century Russia. Russian Music Studies. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2009. xii, 359 pp. Illustrations. Score extracts. Appendix. Bibliography. Index. $45.00, cloth.Music, in contrast to literature and the plastic arts, has been the least accessible and familiar of this cultural triad within Russia's pre-modern history. So we should be especially grateful to Claudia R. Jensen, Indiana University Press, and its wonderful Russian Music Studies series for the informative, lively, ASEEES 2009 University of Southern California Book Prize Literary and Cultural Studies-winning volume under review here. With broad erudition and deep knowledge of her subject, and an eye for the theatrical as well as the requisite polyphonic ear, Jensen takes us inside the musical world of Russia's 'long' seventeenth century, starting with the end of the 1580s. Granted, the reader who can transfer scores to keyboard or plucked string instruments, not to say initiates in music theory and adepts of sight-hearing, can learn from this book in ways that others cannot. But the author presents much food for thought for the musically illiterate as well.Jensen's brief introduction sets the scene by commencing with a vivid description of the Greek and Russian musical roles in Patriarch Hieremias's (Jeremiah) mission to Moscow in 1 589, where he willy nilly elevated Moscow's Metropolitan Germogen to the same rank. Four substantive chapters of modest length on distinct musical cultures follow. In the cleverly entitled chapter 1, "The True False Dmitry and the Death of Music in Moscow," Jensen shows how "music [...] was a potent shorthand for both foreign culture and skomorokh decadence" (p. 24) in the campaign against the pretender, both when he was on the throne and subsequently. The next chapter, '"Wondrous Singers and Exceptional Voices': Singers and Singing in Muscovy," presents the interface of liturgical, semiliturgical, non-liturgical religious, and secular singing, chiefly professional and polyphonic, which occurred in a variety of venues, including religious drama and oratory. Two of Patriarch Nikon' s new monasteries, Iverskii andNovo-Ierusalimskii, emerge as transmitters of European imports (Novodevichii's women might deserve a bit more treatment here), while the contrast between "Avvakum's distress" (p. 47) and Simeon Polotskii's cultural activism illustrates the tensions and the dynamism provoked by new styles. Chapter 3 '" Sweet and Harmonious Singing' : Domestic Singers and Domestic Singing," discusses not only the various classes of professional singers, but also such specifically popular forms as verses of repentance and Polish-language adaptations of the Psalms. "Tavern and Wedding: The Instrumental Traditions at the Muscovite Court," constituting the following chapter, dispenses with misconceptions concerning any mid-century absolute disappearance of skomorokhi and their instruments, and shows, rather, how these traditions blended with the new imports to create festive instrumental music. …


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To assist the training of unskilled vehicle operator to maximize the time able to effectively utilize skilled operators by detecting the various operation parameters of a vehicle and forming the capability ratings which compare these parameters with the target values corresponding thereto and indicate the operating capability of the vehicle operator. SOLUTION: A power train 105 includes an internal combustion engine 110 for rotating an output shaft 115. This output shaft 115 is connected to a multistage transmission 120 having planetary gears consisting of plural gears connected to each other as a set. The output of this multistage transmission 120 rotates a driving shaft 125 and applies driving power to one set of driving wheels. An ECM 130 monitors the various vehicle parameters in order to decide the operating capability of the operator. These parameters are compared with the specified target values and the various capability ratings are determined. These ratings are displayed on a display 135.


Introduction: Low graduation rates UKNI (Indonesian nurses Competency Test) encourages nursing students for their innovative teaching model. MDR learning methods (Mind mapping, discussion and role play) is a new teaching method and innovative that can improve student understanding. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of learning the MDR model towards the understanding of the students in the subject of community nursing. Methods: This study uses a pre-experiment approach pre-post test. Sample of this study was 50 7th-semester student. All students who followed the MDR learning model were given practice questions then followed this learning model and measured again using practice questions. Results: Analysis of data using statistical test paired t-test. Distribution of respondents by sex is 15 people (30 %) men and 35 (70%) of women. Average male student GPA was 3.1, average female student GPA was 3.3. Conclusions: The results show that there are differences in the pre and post (mean = 35.46). Learning MDR Model improves critical thinking, motivation and makes learning fun.Keywords : Mind Mapping, Nursing, Education, Discussion, Role Playing


Studies on inoculum densities of the chickpea wilt pathogen F. oxysporum f.sp. ciceris race 1 and 2 with 3 chickpea cultivars representing early wilter (highly susceptible), late wilter (moderately susceptible) and resistant were conducted in a glasshouse at 25°C. Highly susceptible cv. JG 62 showed 100% mortality at 15 days for race 1 and 17 days for race 2 at higher inoculum density. At the low inoculum density, the wilting was delayed and at this inoculum level 2 other cultivars showed no mortality. The wilt resistant cultivar cv. WR 315 and moderately susceptible cultivar cv. K 850 remained completely free from wilt symptoms for up to 60 days while cv. JG 62 wilted in 27 days with F. o. f.sp. ciceris populations ranging from 4233 to 4667 propagules/g soil. Xylem browning in the root and collar region was recorded in cv. K 850. The F. o. f.sp. ciceris population of race 1 and 2 increased with age of the plant in soils with wilt susceptible, moderately susceptible and resistant chickpea cultivars. Moderately susceptible and resistant cultivars supported the multiplication of F. o. f.sp. ciceris propagules in the soil though the plants were free of wilt symptoms for up to 60 days after planting. The multiplication ratio was higher at low inoculum density of the propagules compared with the higher inoculum density for both the races of F.o. f.sp. ciceris. As the inoculum density increased the multiplication ratio decreased.


Power transmission is a key link in power system. As the increase of power supply, the transmission capacity of the lines should be enlarged too. In the developed area, the right-of-way for transmission line is hard to be obtained. And converting the existing HVAC overhead transmission lines using HVDC technology could enhance the transmission capability. There are three possible plans for different HVAC transmission lines: single-pole HVDC, bi-pole HVDC and tri-pole HVDC.


"In this paper we provide another characterization of hyperbolic diameter diminishing to zero iterated function systems that
were studied in [R. Miculescu, A. Mihail, Diameter diminishing to zero IFSs, arXiv:2101.12705]. The primary tool that we use is an operator H_{\mathcal{S}}, associated to the iterated function system \mathcal{S}, which is inspired by the similar one utilized in Mihail (Fixed Point Theory Appl., 2015:75, 2015). Some fixed point results are also obtained as by products of our main result."


Nowadays, the entire economic, social and political life of a modern country depends upon an efficient system of Transportation. In such case, hydrocarbon powered vehicles i.e. IC engines are used mostly in vehicles for transportation. But, the main drawback is the extinction of Fossil fuel (Hydrocarbon). To overcome this problem Electric Vehicle (EV) was discovered. Comparing EV and IC engines, EV possess higher efficiency and weight/power ratio. Normally, in EV, DC motors are used, which contains lesser speed range when compared to IC engine and hence, it was not able to satisfy the customer need effectively and efficiently. Recent studies portrays that AC Induction motors has higher speed range, efficiency and weight/power ratio comparing to both DC Electric Vehicle and IC engine. Hence, this paper represents Electric Vehicle with AC induction motor, were Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique is incorporated in this system.


Results of field surveys are used to build knowledge about erosion processes occurring on steep cultivated slopes next to watercourses, and to propose conservation measures with an emphasis on widths for riparian buffer strips. The surveys were conducted on a 108-km2 watershed in Portneuf region, Québec, Canada. Using a handheld global positioning system (GPS), measuring tapes, a 0.5-m resolution satellite image and a 1-m resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM), 12 erosion-prone areas, totalling 53 ha, located close to river banks were surveyed during four days of the rainy and snowmelt period of April–May 2012. As a result, 328 erosion features were identified and classified into 10 categories. Predominant erosion features included rills, ephemeral gullies and sheet erosion (70% of all features observed). Rills and smaller gullies had lengths of 0.5–160 m, depths of 5–55 cm, and breadths of 5–130 cm. Most erosion features (n = 194) occurred on hillslopes > 8% and had lengths of 10–60 m. At present, most riparian buffer strips in the surveyed field are 1–3 m wide, which is the minimum dimension required by the provincial policy that regulates vegetated filters. In most places surveyed, ephemeral gullying on steep slopes simply extends through the thin 1–3 m buffer strip to easily discharge sediments and pollutants into flowing streams. Based on the local slopes assessed, it is proposed herein to convert these steep cultivated hillslopes into riparian buffer strips of 10–60 m, so that vegetated strips effectively act as boundaries between watercourses and damaging uphill erosion processes, which are sources of sedimentation and, in all likelihood, eutrophication.


The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of countries' development level in sports medicine, exercise and sports performance on their success in Olympic Games. Within this purpose, 1027 papers that were published between 2010 and 2018 in the journal of Sports Medicine, of which impact factor was 7.074 in 2017, were examined in analytical and correlational terms considering the first author and total author numbers. Pearson Correlation was utilized to find out the relationships between the papers from various countries and their success at Olympic Games. Regarding the number of medals won by the countrıes in the 2016, 2012 and 2008, Olympic Games were found significantly correlated with the number of first author (r = 0.73) and total author (r = 0.74).


ACCC30111 strain of beauveria bassiana was chosen to the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) under 25℃ and 75% humidity conditions to study its killing effect. Three different concentrations of 1×107 the spore/ml,1×108 spore/ml,1×109 spore/ml were used. After several days, compared with the contrast group, the cadaver of insect shape was ankylosis and the colour became black. After cultivated, the diamondback moth infected by beauveria bassiana could be seen some white mycelial. The growth, the pupation as well as the pupa eclosion for imago were influnced by beauveria bassiana. The lower diamondback's age was, the higher beauveria bassiana's lethality was. The death rate was 38.5%,61.6%,76.9% respectively through stasticing. The results indicated that the beauveria bassiana had a certain effection to diamondback moth.


Shortly after taking over as Editor of PPHS, IOSH carried out a small-scale survey of its members in March 2016. The aim of the survey was to provide us with a better idea of the type of content that IOSH members wanted to see in the journal. We received just over 2,000 responses from a spectrum of categories of IOSH members (CFIOSH, CMIOSH, Graduate, Technical, Associate and Affiliate members) working across a broad range of industries. The results of the survey indicated a roughly equal split between material focusing on policy (50% of participants) and practical (52%) aspects of OSH, with a slightly smaller percentage (44%) wanting more scientific contributions. Survey participants were also asked about specific types of content. The top five categories in this case were content covering: legal cases and legislation; good practice; industry-specific topics; construction; and health and well-being. Finally, we asked about topics that might be suitable for a PPHS special issue. In this case the top five topics were: construction; legislation; safety behaviour and culture; health and well-being; and risk management and assessment. At the beginning of this year I carried out a similar exercise, this time with our editorial board members. I asked them to suggest topics for the journal, alongside developments in the wider world of OSH that they viewed as potentially important to cover within PPHS in the next few years. A number of themes and research questions emerged from this consultation exercise. These included:


This paper considers the output regulation of the delivery of chemical signaling molecules to control the movement of cells that act in response to chemical gradients in a phenomenon known as chemotaxis. This study is motivated by recent efforts by tissue engineers to employ chemotaxis to coax cells into developing or regenerating biological tissues and organs. The control problem is to determine the time-varying spatial positioning of and mass flow rate through the tip of a needle that squirts chemical signaling molecules into a fluid where the cells live. The approach is mathematically formulated and the constrained output regulation problem of coupled partial differential equations is solved by combining an inversion-based approach with a finite-volume method in the temporal domain and receding-horizon control. The on-line computational cost is sufficiently low for this control technology to be employed in an experimental system.


SummaryN-ethyl maleimide (NEM) a known cellular radiosensitizer was studied from a radiation chemical viewpoint. It was found to react rapidly with water free radicals. The NEM-OH radical adduct can react further with another NEM molecule in the absence of oxygen. NEM also reacts with radicals produced by the reactions of OH free radicals and hydrated electrons with nucleic acid components. These reactions occur in the absence of oxygen by both electron transfer and bond formation. NEM is able to compete with oxygen for free radicals produced by reaction of OH + thymine. These oxygen-like reactions of NEM may explain in part the mode of action of NEM as a radiosensitizer at the cellular level.


"Treat the whole patient, not just a particular disease" used to be the guiding principle for most clinicians until the government decided to reconfigure the way in which healthcare services in England would be offered. Under its new plans, primary care trusts or general practitioners would directly commission specialised services. The trusts would pay for the treatment of their patients in hospitals—and this, in due course, would become the hospitals' main source of income. The aim of such commissioning was to save huge sums of money by using hospital services as sparingly as possible.

Since its implementation this policy has not only jeopardised the future of many hospitals but has also led to considerable frustration and disappointment among patients. Perhaps the worst affected patients are those who have more than one condition at the same time. To primary care trusts these are very "expensive" patients, and therefore some of their problems might be "downplayed" to be managed in the community, and referrals to specialists are filtered.

Constant …


A method for regulating traffic in the transport system, wherein the vehicle (A, B, C) running on a plurality of stations (S1, S2, S3) of the line, at the aforementioned station (S1, S2, S3) the passenger can and drive off, said method being characterized in that: with the change amount of the vehicle occupant load (a, B, C) adjusting the operation of the vehicle (a, B, C) of the vehicle by measuring the load amount (a, B, the weight of the occupant C) is determined.


Methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are among the most important atmospheric greenhouse gases. A gas sensor based on a tunable 7.6 μm continuous-wave external-cavity mode-hop-free (EC-MHF) quantum cascade laser (from 1290 to 1350 cm−1) cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique was developed for the simultaneous detection of CH4 and N2O in ambient air with water vapor (H2O) mostly removed via molecular sieve drying to minimize the impact of H2O on the simultaneous measurements. Still, due to the broad and strong absorption spectrum of H2O in the entire mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral range, residual H2O in the dried ambient air due to incomplete drying and leakage, if not properly accounted for, could cause a significant influence on the measurement accuracy of the simultaneous CH4 and N2O detection. In this paper, the impact of residual H2O on the simultaneous CH4 and N2O measurements were analyzed by comparing the CH4 and N2O concentrations determined from the measured spectrum in the spectral range from 1311 to 1312.1 cm−1 via simultaneous CH4 and N2O measurements and that determined from the measured spectrum in the spectral range from 1311 to 1313 cm−1 via simultaneous CH4, N2O, and H2O measurements. The measured dependence of CH4 and N2O concentration errors on the simultaneously determined H2O concentration indicated that the residual H2O caused an under-estimation of CH4 concentration and over-estimation of N2O concentration. The H2O induced CH4 and N2O concentration errors were approximately linearly proportional to the residual H2O concentration. For the measurement of air flowing at 3 L per min, the residual H2O concentration was stabilized to approximately 14 ppmv, and the corresponding H2O induced errors were −1.3 ppbv for CH4 and 3.7 ppbv for N2O, respectively.


The edge-localized modes (ELMs) are often excited in an H-mode plasma, and they are helpful for cleaning the H-mode plasma to sustain a steady state for a longer time by controlling plasma density and exhausting impurities, but energy and particles carried by ELM burst will badly damage the first-wall of fusion device, thus the characteristics of and the control and mitigation of ELM are studied necessarily prior to the basic operational regime operating on ITER. ELMs of different perturbation amplitudes are observed experimentally on HL-2A tokamak. The frequency of small perturbation amplitude ELM decreases with the increase of net heating power, and it is about 300-400 Hz, and energy loss induced by per ELM is usually less than 3% of the plasma energy. The small ELM is type Ⅲ ELM. While for large (type-I) ELM, besides that the energy loss induced by an ELM is generally more than 10%, they also exert an obvious perturbation on other plasma parameters, such as plasma current and electron density, and the tELM may be longer than 30 ms. ELM precursors are poloidally asymmetric, which can be measured by Mirnov probes on the low field side, but not on the high field side; the frequency of ELM precursors is about 45 kHz, and the longest precursors last approximately 10 ms prior to the ELM bursts.


It is uneasy to obtained the accurate mathematical model of a double-wheel trench cutter owing to the dynamics, uncertainty and complexity of the cutter and the working environment. In order to solve this problem, an approach based on neural network was applied to develop a prediction model. The torques and feeding depth of each milling wheel were set as the input variable and while the power of milling pumps was set as the output variable. The comparisons of the simulation and experimental prediction of the extreme learning machine method have been presented and the radial basis function method was utilized as a comparison group. The results obtained from the extreme learning machine method are satisfactory and superior to the radial basis function method.


In a case study, Amber Buck (2012) described the literacy practices of Ronnie, an undergraduate student at a large midwestern university. Through multiple sources of data, including a time-use diary, interviews, and a profile tour of Ronnie's social network sites, Buck painstakingly documented what Paul Prior and Jody Shipka (2003) called the "chronotopic laminations" of his literate practices—the "dispersed and fluid places, times, people, and artifacts that are tied together in literate action" (p. 181). As Buck (2012) showed, Ronnie's online activity is "intricately woven into the tapestry of his daily literacy practices" and plays a "large role in how he interacts with others in his personal and professional life as well as how he presents himself to different audiences" (pp. 9-10). Ronnie's practices are by no means unique. They resemble those of students on and off campuses across the United States and around the world. In "Writing in the 21st Century," Yancey (2009) pointed out that because of digital technology


Primarily intended to be mounted at the end of a constitutive mooring line cable of an anchor system of a movable solid element, floating particular, this sleeve which comprises a hollow body 12 provided externally of coupling members 30, 30 'for pivotal attachment to an element to be anchored and the inner cavity 14 forms a socket 20 for socketing, is characterized by the fact that the internal cavity 14 has a general "diabolo" whose narrowed midsection 18 opens, on one side, on the cell 20 of seasoning and the other side on a guide chamber 34 of the mooring cable 22, and that said coupling members are positioned on the socket body 12 so as to define a pivot axis 32 for the sleeve which preferably passes through the narrowed section 18 and whose socket center of gravity is advantageously located in or adjacent to this pivot axis. The use of the sleeve in anchoring systems, particularly in offshore environment, ensures the natural self-alignment thereof with the cable it is fitted during the various movements of which is assigned the anchoring system.


i PREFACE ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii DEDICATION v LIST OF TABLES viii SECTION ONE: INTRODUCTION 1 Purpose 1 Rationale 3 Goals 4 Research Questions 5 Curriculum Framework 5 Conclusion 6 SECTION TWO: REVIEW OF LITERATURE 8 Introduction 8 Self-Contained Classroom 10 Departmentalization 10 Co-Teaching and Team Teaching 11 Collaborative Specialization 11 Conclusion 12 SECTION THREE: METHODOLOGY 14 Research Design Overview 14 Participants 15 Data Gathering Techniques 15 Interviews 16 Surveys 16 Observations 16 Test Scores (EduSoft: Mini Assessments and Benchmarks/FAIR/FCAT) 17 Data Analysis Techniques 19 Ethical Considerations 19 Conclusion 20 SECTION FOUR: FINDINGS & INTERPRETATION 22 Findings 22 Surveys 23 Interviews 40 Student Referrals 43 Observations 45 Teacher Observations 47 Edusoft 56 FCAT. 2.0 58 Interpretation 59 SECTION FIVE: JUDGMENT & RECOMMENDATIONS 61 Judgment 61 Recommendations 63 Conclusion 64


The literature of the last few decades reflects a steadily increasing concern with quantitative assessment of libraries and their services. This concern is both the result of, and a reaction to, growing pressures from within and without the library profession to adopt the tools of the management sciences. The pressures are generated by many factors including the success of these tools in other fields and their adoption by the organizations supporting libraries, the increasingly explicit character of competition for funds at all levels, and the complexity and critical nature of decisions on the host of new options being created by technology and by formalization of library networks.


This article presents a computer-mediated discourse on the Pythagorean equation in a university classroom of preservice and in-service teachers. It shows how the use of a spreadsheet as a two-dimensional modeling tool enables students to conjecture the general solution to the Pythagorean equation. A computational approach to the ancient problem improves the well-known off-computer discussion. The environment also provides a kind of a visualization of Fermat's Last Theorem.


A series of assessments evaluated the economic efficiency of integrating a nuclear electric power plant with a biomass to SynFuel plant under three market scenarios. Results strongly suggest that a nuclear assisted-BioSyntrolysis Process would be as cost competitive as other carbon feedstock to liquid fuels concepts while having significant advantages regarding CO2 greenhouse gas production. This concept may also be competitive for those energy markets where energy dense, fossil fuels are scarce while wind, hydroelectric, or other renewable energy sources can be produced at a relatively low cost. At this time, a realistic vision of this technology's deployment of a biomass to synfuel plants powered by a nuclear 1100 MWe reactor. Accompanying an area of 25 miles by 25 miles, this integrated Enterprise could produce 24,000 BBLs of SynFuel daily; or 0.2% of the U.S.'s imported oil.


The intrinsic viscosities of a series of polyethylene glycols have been measured in water and toluene, and a relationship proposed between molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity. Values obtained for the Huggins constant below a molecular weight of 4000 are much larger than would be anticipated for linear high polymers. Some information about the variation of configuration with molecular weight has been obtained by comparing the specific viscosities with those expected from the relationships of Einstein and Guth and Gold for spherical particles, and those of Kuhn and Simha for rodlike particles.


Recently the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technique has attracted increasing interests in underwater acoustic (UA) communications. In this paper, we present an OFDM-based UA communication system, which is designed based on the National Instruments LabVIEW software and the CompactDAQ device. Details on both the transmitter and receiver system design are discussed. The performance of this UA OFDM system is verified through recent UA communication experiments performed in a tank, in the Canning River, and in the estuary of the Swan River, Western Australia. Experimental results show that the system achieves a reliable bit error rate performance even with high-order modulation schemes. Compared with conventional field-programmable gate array and digital signal processor based designs, the proposed implementation simplifies the prototype design process and reduces the software development time. The proposed system provides a flexible and reconfigurable prototype for researchers to test and validate the performance of UA communication algorithms in real UA channels.


The crystal structure of fl-thianthrene dioxide was determined by X-ray diffraction methods. Threedimensional data collected visually from Weissenberg photographs were used in the final least-squares refinement by taking account of a different anisotropic temperature factor for each atom but entirely disregarding H atoms. According to the final results, with the reliability index of 10.7 % for observed reflexions, the molecule is folded about the line joining the two heterocyclic sulphur atoms. The best planes for two benzene rings were found to make an angle of about 133 °. The two S atoms lie slightly outside of this dihedral angle. The S-C and S-O bond lengths were 1.72-1"87 and 1.47-1.48/~ respectively. The two bond angles C-S-C were found to be 96-97 °. It was definitely confirmed that the p isomer of thianthrene dioxide has the trans form regarding the position of the two oxygen atoms. 21


In this work, the effect of loading rate and pre-heating time on African nutmeg seed coat was investigated as it affects compressive force, deformation, failure stress, strain energy and modulus of elasticity. Compressive tests were conducted at loading rates of 1, 2.5, 4, 5.5 and 7 mm min -1 at a moisture content of 14%. Further tests were carried out at pre-heating times of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 min at a constant temperature of 180°C. Results show that force required to crack open the seed coat varied from 27.08 to 53.6 N at loading rates of 1 and 7 mm min -1 , respectively. Also, compressive force decreased from 61.46 to 47.04 N at 10 mm and 50 min of pre-heating, respectively. Deformation of seed coat showed a positive trend as it increased from 0.464 to 0.757 mm at 1 and 7 mm min -1 . Strain energy was found to be 0.0082 Nmm at 1 mm min -1 and 0.0266 N mm at 7 mm min -1 .


Here we present experimental evidence of the strong modification of the CdS photoluminescence when it is embedded in a SiO2 colloidal photonic crystal. When the emitted light matches a forbidden photonic band in the matrix, inhibition of the semiconductor photoluminescence is achieved. In this work we prove the effective control of this effect by means of the photonic lattice parameter of the host. CdS was grown by chemical bath deposition and its quality has been checked employing Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy is used to study the morphology of the composite.


In this paper, we introduce a polymer-based MEMS isothermal titration calorimetric device for thermodynamic characterization of biomolecular reactions. The device, based on polyimide substrate, consists of thermally isolated calorimetric chambers integrated with passive chaotic mixers, an antimony-bismuth thermopile, and resistive on-chip temperature sensors and heaters. We demonstrate the utility of the device by the measurement of barium chloride (BaCl2, 1-8 mM) reacting with 18-Crown-6 (18-C-6, 5 mM) in a 1 μL volume.


Objective To investigate the small-incision windowed discectomy for treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Method In the affi liated sports hospital of Chengdu sports college from January 2008 to January 2009 using a small incision windowed discectomy for lumbar disc herniation 30 cases, compared with conventional surgery. Results In the treatment group was 96.7%, compared with the control group the difference was signifi cant (P0.05), treatment group was more effective than the control group. Treatment group incision length, operative time, surgical blood loss, bed rest time was shorter in the control group, the difference was signifi cant (P0.05). Conclusion Small incision windowed discectomy lumbar intervertebral disc herniation Benefi cial to patients with early rehabilitation, reducing bed time, to prevent complications.


Scenario 1: Rocks of mysterious origin plummet to earth. Late twentieth-century scientists study them for clues to the origin of life, the earth's relationship to Mars, and the cataclysmic extinction of the dinosaurs. Manufactured rocks of even greater mystery hurtle from the earth into space, carrying hints of human existence to the far corners of the universe. The rocks of terrestrial origin are of stainless steel, fashioned in the exact form of the meteorites that landed here over myriad millennia: what fell to earth returns in surrogate form to space.