Exophagic-anthropophilic mosquitoes were collected during the April 2007-January 2008 planting season in four designated milet and guinea-corn irrigaton fields sampled in Gezawa Agro-ecological Zone of North-central Nigeria. Gezawa-1, Gezawa-2, Ketawa and Jogana irrigaton fieldscontributed about 31.2 %, 24.8 %, 22.8 % and 21.2% respectvely, to the number of mosquito species collected in the zone. There was preponderance of Anopheles gambiae complex (20.7 %) over Culex quinquefasciatus (11.8 %), C. pipiens fatigans (9.0%), A. funestus complex (7.0 %), Aedes aegypti (6.9%), A. albopictus (6.6 %), C. ppiens pipiens (5.7 %). C tigripes (5.0%), A. pharoensis (3.7 %), A africanus (3.6%), A. taylori (3.4%), A. coustani (3.3 %), A. luteocephalus (2.9 %), A. vittatus (2.8 %), A. rhodesiensis (2.1 %) Mansona (2.0 %) A. simpsoni (1.9 %) and Psorophora species (1.6 %). A Shannon-Wiener and Simpson's diversity values of 1.1431 and 0.0925 were recorded for the mosquito species in Gezawa Agricultural Zone. A. gambiae had the highest Shannon-wiener diversity and Simpson's dominance indces of 0.1415 and 0.0427 respectively. There was no significant difference between species diversity for the four irrigation fields (P>0.001). Vector control mustbe carried out in the irrigation fields to reduce the number ofthese out-door biting mosquitoes, since total reliance on ACTs and ITNs could not offer full protection against malaria to farmers in Gezawa irrigation fields. Keywords: Mosquitoes, Composition, Diversity, Dominance, Tropical ecosystem, Irrigation


Abstract The article presents an analysis of the concept of novelty of artistic forms and its visual expressions in contemporary Lithuanian architecture. It is stated that the novelty is virtually manifested through utopian visions of the new world and their metamorphoses, and is made relevant by the method of experiment. Based on examples of Western European architectural utopias and experiments, the article suggests the formulated indicators of novelty, which are reflected in artistic forms of contemporary Lithuanian architecture. The aim of the research is to reveal the concept of novelty linking it with transformation and utopia, and illustrating it with the objects of contemporary Lithuanian architecture.


Unprecedented future disaster events will require emergency managers to be creative in their thinking. The backbone of creativity is divergent thinking; cognitive thoughts that do not converge on one correct answer but diverge to a range of possible options. Preliminary research with emergency services organisations, not-for-profit organisations and the critical infrastructure sector identified an increase in creative output when personnel are given a set of constraints, both resources and context, in which to 'think divergently'. Consequently, future challenges for decision-makers in emergency and crisis management is identifying when creativity is required and how to use constraints to enhance creativity when organisational cultures demand compliance. This paper provides an overview of creativity in the context of decision-making and what this means for future leaders in the sector.


Hong Kong writer Xixi writes from a child's perspective,which makes her works imaginative and interesting.This perspective not only brings freshness to her works,but also expands the space for presentation.Based on the unique observation and feeling from a child's point of view,her works show very clearly the concern for Hong Kong and fully expresses the narrative theme "I Love You,Hong Kong".


3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (dopa) and 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethylamine (dopamine) were investigated as reducing agent and stabilizer for synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by one-pot heating of a solution of HAuCl4/dopa or dopamine. AuNPs with different sizes were obtained by controlling the mass ratios of HAuCl4/dopa or dopamine. The formation mechanism for AuNPs was also proposed. Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and promotion of its electron transfer by polydopa film were investigated for preparation of H2O2 biosensor. Alkaline dopa solution was dropped onto a gold electrode for the formation of polydopa film. HRP was immobilized on the polydopa film through interactions between heme centre of HRP and the amine and carboxyl groups in polydopa. The AuNPs embedded in the polydopa film improved the electron transfer efficiency. These two factors allowed successful development of a H2O2 sensor with HRP@polydopa-AuNPs electrode. Due to its biocompatibility, the polydopa-AuNPs film provided good retention of enzyme activity and long-term stability of the sensor. A rapid catalytic response (3 s) and a linear range from 0.006 to 5.0 mmol L−1 were obtained for H2O2. This facile preparation strategy can be extended to other enzyme-based biosensors.


Due to the constant growth in import and export operations, it has equally increased global maritime trade, especially for its safety, efficiency and economy compared with other modes of transport. However, shipping has been one of the causes of the negative impact that affects the environment due to pollution generated by ships that produces deterioration in the ozone by emissions of organic gaseous compounds that promote extinction of the species and marine habitat due to spills of toxic liquids, ballast water, containers that falls into the sea, among other polluting sources. For the above, We found a reason to made a qualitative study based on statistics, information from agencies responsible for regulating the sector, international projects for the prevention of marine pollution by ships, scientific journal articles and existing studies on the amount of marine pollution and through this information, identify strategies that promote the development and implementation of green logistics in the mention sector in order to mitigate pollution it generates.


The spin-$\nicefrac{3}{2}$ to spin-$\nicefrac{1}{2}$ doubly heavy baryon transition magnetic dipole $G_M$ and electric quadrupole $G_E$ formfactors are calculated in the framework of light cone sum rules method. Moreover, the decay widths of corresponding radiative transitions are estimated. Obtained results of magnetic dipole moments $G_M$ and decay widths are compared with the results present in the literature.


The free vibration characteristics of the arch-truss composite bridge are calculated.Then,taking the free vibration modes of the bridge and normal coordinates as displacement functions of the bridge vibration,and the vehicle and the bridge as a system,the total potential energy of the vehicle and bridge structure under normal coordinates is calculated. Based on the principle of the stationary total potential energy in elastic system and the coding method for forming structural matrices,the vibration equations of vehicle-bridge time-varying system are established and solved.The former 20,40,60 and 90 order vibration modes of the bridge structure are calculated.The vehicle-bridge vibration responses of the truss-arch composite system are calculated when goods trains pass through the bridge at the speed of 80 km/h.The results are compared with those by using non-mode method.The minimum error is 0.17%only.


Premise of research. The serpentine grassland system provides the opportunity to examine whether drought response traits may have contributed to differentiation in the stress-tolerant genus Clarkia. Commonly utilized drought responses might be indicative of traits important to species diversification in stressful environments. Methodology. We examined the drought response strategies of populations of Clarkia gracilis (Onagraceae) from both serpentine and nonserpentine soils. Physiological, morphological, and biomass data were collected under controlled greenhouse conditions. Pivotal results. Serpentine-derived plants exhibited faster growth and germination rates and larger leaf size than nonserpentine-derived plants under increasing water stress, indicating drought escape strategies. However, serpentine-derived plants also employed dehydration avoidance by increasing their water-use efficiency (decreased transpiration rate) under drought stress. In terms of biomass, serpentine-derived plants had a higher fitness potential than nonserpentine-derived plants. Nonserpentine-derived plants tended toward dehydration avoidance through decreased growth rate, decreased transpiration, and smaller leaf size. Conclusions. Our data support transpiration rate as a trait important to stress tolerance. Moreover, serpentine-derived plants avoid drought with drought escape strategies more than nonserpentine plants and may have a higher fitness potential, particularly in water-limiting conditions. Thus, serpentine populations may be competitively superior to nonserpentine populations under drought stress conditions.


A thorough knowledge of root canal morphology is a prerequisite for endodontic therapy. The main goal of endodontic treatment is healing of periapical tissues which are achieved by elimination of bacteria and their byproducts from the canal and prevention from reinfection. Anatomic forms and variations in teeth are well known, chief among them being extra roots/canals. The use of preoperative radiographs at different angles and advanced diagnostic aids like CBCT helps to detect and evaluate root canal morphology and anatomy. The maxillary first molar has been extensively studied with numerous case reports on variations through the years. There are reports of multiple canals, multiple roots and developmental abnormalities. This case report details the endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with four roots, Mesiobuccal1, Mesiobuccal2, Distobuccal and Palatal.


Pub lic a tions of the Interna tiona l Labour Offic e enjoy c opyright under p rotoc ol 2 of the Universa l Copyright Convention. Nevertheless, short exc erp ts from them may be rep roduc ed w ithout authoriza tion, on c ond ition tha t the sourc e is ind ic a ted . For rights of rep roduc tion or transla tion, app lic a tion should be made to the Pub lic a tions Bureau (Rights and Permissions). Interna tiona l Labour Offic e, CH-1211, Geneva 22, Switzerland . The ILO welc omes suc h app lic a tions.


Introduction: Non Traumatic Coma is a very common presentation in emergency department. This study aimed at studying the various etiologies and factors determining outcome in these patients. Material and methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted in Goa Medical College and Hospital, over a period of six months on 100 patients of non traumatic coma. Outcome was recorded as either complete recovery, partial recovery with some disability or Death. Various factors affecting outcome were studied. Results: Among 100 cases of non traumatic coma studied, cerebrovascular accidents (33%) and metabolic causes (37%) constitute the major causes. Among cerebrovascular accidents, mortality among those with intracranial bleed was higher (66.6%) than that among cerebral infarct (46%). Metabolic, infective etiologies and drug overdose had better outcome. Patients with low GCS, abnormal respiratory pattern, and papilledema had worse outcome. Conclusion: Mortality was highest among patients with cerebrovascular accident. Patients with metabolic, infective and drug overdose had relatively better outcome. Other factors indicating poor outcome include low GCS, absent oculocephalic reflex, abnormal respiratory pattern and presence of papilledema.


The detection and characterization of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light are critical for industrial applications and human activities. We report on an UV-B photodetector composed of a SnO2 film and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cap layer, fabricated by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering method. Benefiting from the small lattice mismatch, highly (200)-oriented SnO2 thin film was prepared on a (0001) c-plane sapphire substrate. UV-B photodetector with metal-semiconductor-metal structure was fabricated based on the SnO2 film. A highly transparent hydrophobic PTFE cap layer was sputtered on the device as a passivation layer to minimize the influence of atmosphere. Compared to the device without the PTFE cap layer, the device exhibits improved photosensitivity, speed, and environmental stability. At an applied voltage of 5 V, the typical SnO2 UV-B photodetector exhibits a peak response at 290 nm, an on/off ratio of around 100 and a response time of less than 1 s. The highly transparent hydrophobic PTFE has ideal passivation property, which can act as the self-clean coating for various electronic devices, such as LEDs, transistors, solar cells.


Numerous contributions study firms' clustering in space and the nexus between productivity and agglomeration. This paper analyses how different sectors and firms within the Norwegian upstream oil and gas industry benefit from regional agglomeration. Since upstream oil and gas value chains develop and produce sophisticated and highly customized knowledge-intensive goods and business-to-business services, the sector is a particularly interesting candidate for studying localized external economies. Our estimated panel data models on the value added of 1500 firms indicate that firms in the upstream oil and gas industry benefit from being co-located, particularly firms within the same subsector.


During the past two decades the collaboration across disciplines and the methodologic and conceptual advances of contemporary neuroscience have brought about a substantial modification of the traditional view of the cerebellum as a mere coordinator of autonomic and somatic motor functions. In this contribution the recently acknowledged role of the cerebellum in cognition is reviewed and experimental and clinical data disclosing the modulatory role of the cerebellum in various non-motor language processes such as lexical retrieval, syntax and language dynamics are addressed. In agreement with the findings of studies indicating a topographical organization of the cerebellar structures involved in language pathology we advance the concept of a 'lateralized linguistic cerebellum'. In our view crossed cerebral diaschisis' processes, reflecting a functional depression of supratentorial language areas due to reduced input via cerebello-cortical pathways might represent the relevant pathomechanism for linguistic deficits associated with cerebellar pathology.


The effect of forced oscillations on diffusion of a plasma across a magnetic field is considered, in the particular case of a totally ionized plasma cylindrical column in a strong magnetic field, with a random fluctuation source located in the plane z = 0. (auth)


In this study, radial immiscible flow displacements in homogeneous porous media are modelled numerically in the case where the displacing fluid is Newtonian while the displaced one may be Newtonian or shear-thinning governed by Carreau's rheological model. The governing equations and interfacial jump conditions are solved numerically using the Immersed Interface Method and the Level Set Method to track the two fluids interfaces. The effects of four parameters, namely the mobility ratio and Capillary number for Newtonian flows and the Deborah number De and power-law index n, for shear thinning fluids are examined. Time contours of the interface revealing the finger structures that develop as a result of the viscosity mismatch between the two fluids are obtained to analyse and discuss the effects of the different parameters on the interfacial instability. Even though both characteristics of the shear-thinning fluid; De and n were found to affect the interfacial instability, it is revealed that the latter has a stronger effect, at least for the range of parameters that have been considered in this study.


Energy theft has been a serious and long existing problem facing by many power utilities. The implementation of Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) provides power companies with new means for energy theft detection. As fundamental equipment of AMI, smart meters collect interval measurements from customer sites and thus provide system wide visibility for power companies. Leveraging both AMI and SCADA measurements, this paper puts forward an integrated distribution state estimation method for medium-voltage and low-voltage distribution network. Numerical studies show that the proposed approach can achieve a higher accuracy level for estimation. Furthermore, an energy theft detection method is proposed based on "weight-dropped polling" integrated distribution state estimation. Simulations show that it can deliver promising results comparing with conventional state estimation methods.


Many new technologies are based on applications in extreme conditions, such as at low temperatures or in hydrogen environment. This involves new requirements on material properties, in particular regarding their operability and reliability. To fulfil this demand, the tribological behaviour of PTFE- and PEEK-matrix composites filled with carbon fibres were investigated at cryogenic temperatures and in hydrogen by means of surface analyses. For a better understanding of the tribological behaviour, and because of the temperature-dependent characteristics of polymer materials, thermal and mechanical properties of selected composites were initially investigated at low temperatures. Thermal shock experiments as well as cryo- and hydrogen treatments were carried out. Different coefficients of thermal expansion within the composite lead to debondings of particles, particularly in the case of PTFE materials. Tensile tests indicate that the YOUNG'S modulus increases at T= 77 K compared to room temperature. However, this improvement at low temperatures is moderate for PEEK composite which is already under its glass transition at room temperature. In the main investigation, tribological experiments were carried out at first at T= 77 K to observe the influence of the matrix, fillers and fibres on the material behaviour comparing to room temperature. The reduction of the friction coefficient and wear at low temperatures has been attributed to the low temperature properties of the polymer in particular due to the higher YOUNG'S modulus at T= 77 K. Whereas at room temperature friction and wear depend strongly of the CF content, the quantity of fillers and fibres does not have a significant effect on the tribological behaviour at low temperatures. At T= 77 K, the tribological behaviour of PTFE and PEEK composites is mainly influenced by the matrix. PEEK composites have a better tribological performance than PTFE materials especially regarding the wear resistance. Furthermore, the influence of the cryogenic medium was determined with experiments carried out in LN2 (T= 77 K), LH2 (T= 20 K) and LHe (T= 4.2 K), as well as in helium at T= 77 K and hydrogen at room temperature. The thermal properties of the cryogenic medium have a significant influence on the tribological performances of the composites. Due to the lower frictional heat at low sliding speed, the effect of low temperatures on the tribological behaviour of these composites was more clearly detected in this case, with a change in wear mechanism from mainly adhesive to more abrasive. Experiments in LN2 give the best friction and wear performance at low as well as at high sliding speed. The behaviour of these composites in LHe does not benefit from the low temperature properties of polymers due to the low heat of evaporation of LHe. The influence of hydrogen was particularly seen after the tribological experiments performed in LH2 on the surface of the disc. The reduction effect of hydrogen may have an influence on the tribochemical reactions which appear during sliding, enhancing the formation of iron fluorides, but no influence of the metal fluorides on the tribological performance could be determined in this study.


We implemented two data structures in a consistency-oblivious programming (COP) style: a red black tree and a dynamic cacheoblivious B-tree. Unlike a naive transactional style, in which an operation such as an insertion is enclosed in a hardware transaction, in a COP-style there are two phases: an oblivious phase that runs with no transactions or locking, and an atomic phase that simply verifies that the oblivious phase operated correctly. If the verification fails, we retry, and then fallback to performing the transaction while holding a lock. We used the Intel hardware transactional memory instructions to implement the atomic phase. We found that the COP approach provides a performance improvement of more than a factor of five over a naive HTM transaction for high threadcount read-only workloads, and a factor of four for high threadcount read/write workloads. To achieve good performance when using HTM, one must distinguish between failures that are likely to succeed upon retry (for example, a conflict on the lock) from failures that indicate real conflicts (such as two threads both modifying the data structure).


The influence of the electrode microstructure and the manufacturing technique on the cell performance has been determined. For the anode cermets the influence of the Ni- and zirconia particle size has been investigated as a function of pre-calcination temperature of zirconia and of the sintering temperature of the final cermet on the electrolyte. Anodes with the lowest sintering shrinkage show the best performance. For the cathode, the powder processing has been optimized, in order to obtain an optimum cathode/electrolyte interface with high cathode particle loading. The fabrication of the cell structures has been improved and made more efficient by means of co-firing the electrodes on the sintered electrolyte. the anodes with the lowest sintering shrinkage under oxidizing conditions, show the best performances. For the cathode, a large amount of 3-phase boundaries at the electrolyte/cathode interface is a pre-requisite for a good cell performance. The optimized electrode structures could be co-fired on sintered electrolytes of < 15 x 15 cm2 with a thickness of 130 pm. Cells with electrolytes of 5 x 5 cm2, under ideal operating conditions, yielded 0.4 W/cm2 at a cell voltage of 0.7 V.


Five finger millet genotypes viz., PES-400', PES-176', PES-110', PRES-4' and PRES-5' were malted. Malting of finger millet resulted in significant changes in nutrient composition, neutral detergent fibre, crude fat and vitamin C. Calcium, iron, zinc and vitamin C ranged from 516.00 to 596.00, 8.26 to 15.10, 1.66 to 2.22 and 5.08 to 8.74 mg/100 g, respectively in malted flour of finger millet genotypes. Results of sensory evaluation of burfi prepared from malted finger millet flour showed that the overall acceptability scores of all the genotypes ranged from fair to good as rated by the panelists.


Nitrogen doped SrTiO3 (N-STO) was fabricated by the ion implantation technique. The microstructure and photoluminescence (PL) of virgin N-STO and HF acid etched N-STO were studied in detail. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate that the nitrogen dopants can enhance the crystal structure of STO, and that there are no other impurity phases in N-STO except that of cubic STO. However, there is nano-crystal phase of Sr2Ti6O13 in the HF-acid-etched STO and N-STO. The room temperature PL intensity of the original STO crystal is quenched by nitrogen dopants, which might be related to the absence of trapped holes and electrons due to the enhanced crystal structure. In contrast, the room temperature PL intensity is greatly increased by HF acid etching for both STO crystal and N-STO. This increase in PL intensity may be related to the order–disorder effect and the stabilization of self-trapped excitons at room temperature due to the nano-crystal phase of Sr2Ti6O13.


The rapid development of media information technology has caused the change of media form. Especially with the rapid development and widespread use of APP software, some college students have become psychologically dependent on the use of self-media, and their learning lifestyles and ideas have changed dramatically. Therefore, media literacy education has increasingly become an important part of the comprehensive literacy of college students in we media era. Taking Anyang Normal University as an example, this paper makes a questionnaire survey on media literacy of freshmen to seniors in order to grasp the media literacy status of college students. Then, this paper seeks the characteristics and problems of college students' media literacy from the aspects of college students' media contact, the ability to choose we media information and the ability to react to speculation, the creation of media and the production capacity of we media, and so on. Next, this article actively explores ways to cultivate and enhance the media literacy of college students from different levels of government, society, schools, families and individuals.


The mass fractions of borneol in 4 traditional Chinese medicines were quickly determined with capillary gas chromatography .Results were as follows:Analyzing time was 4minutes .When the proportion of concentrations of internal standard and bomeol was within 1∶0.25 -1∶1 , ratio of peak square and ratio of concentration had a linear relation and linear equation was y =0.517 8x +0.076 8 , the correlation coefficient r being 0.995 4 .The average correction factor was 1.562 5 ;the average recovery rate of the extract was 92.72 % and the RSD was 1.05 %-2.55 %.[ Ch , 1 fig .3 tab .9 ref .]


A control device (200) may comprise a plurality of buttons, a plurality of light sources (222) located behind the respective buttons and configured to illuminate the buttons, a light detector circuit(230) configured to measure an ambient light level around the control device (200), and/or a control circuit (210) configured to control the light sources (222) to adjust surface illumination intensities of the respective buttons in response to the measured ambient light level. Each button may comprise indicia indicating a function of the button. The control circuit (210) set the first button as active and the second button as inactive in response to an actuation of the first button. The control circuit may, based on the measured ambient light level, control the light sources (222) to illuminate the first button to an active surface illumination intensity, and to illuminate the second button to an inactive surface illumination intensity that is less than the active surface illumination intensity.


upfront RP cohorts. Median follow-up after RP was 5.6 years. The fiveyear BCR-free survival rate in the ASRP cohort was 85.8% compared to 82.4% in the upfront RP cohort (p[0.38). OS, CSS were comparable between the two groups. Delayed RP was not associated with adverse pathologic outcomes and BCR on regression analyses. Limitations are non-randomized, retrospective, and single-center study design. CONCLUSIONS: Conclusions: Curative-intent RP after a period of AS results in excellent pathologic and oncologic outcomes at five years. A period of AS does not result in inferior outcomes compared to patients with similar risk characteristics undergoing upfront RP.


This paper deals with the design and the features of the DYNASTY (DYnamics of NAtural circulation for molten SalT internallY heated) facility. DYNASTY is a natural circulation loop aimed at studying the dynamics of natural circulation with internally heated fluids. Although several works have been carried out on the analysis of free convection loops with localized hot and cold heat sinks ("conventional" natural circulation case), the instance of an internal and distributed power source inside the system has been little investigated. The effect of the internal heat generation on the dynamic behavior of natural circulation have been highlighted by semi-analytical and numerical models developed in our previous studies. Such analyses have been partially validated against conventional natural circulation experiments, and DYNASTY will provide the required data to complete their validation. INTRODUCTION In engineering applications where it is important to ensure heat removal in both operative and accidental conditions, the possibility of relying on natural circulation is generally sought to face the loss of active components. Natural circulation systems are usually vertical rectangular or toroidal loops provided with localized hot and cold sinks. However, in specific applications, the working fluid can be characterized by a volumetric heat source, like exothermic reagents or nuclear liquid fuels. In this regard, the main example is given by the Generation IV Molten Salt Reactor (MSR), in which the nuclear fuel is directly dissolved in a molten salt that also serves as coolant [1,2,3]. The presence of the Internal Heat Generation (IHG) alters the equilibrium stability of natural circulation systems with respect to the conventional case (i.e., without IHG), and can lead to the transition from a stable equilibrium state to an unstable one [4,5,6]. According to Ref. [7], natural circulation dynamics can be classified as either stable or unstable depending on its time development. If the fluid motion is stable, the velocity and the temperature distributions reach a steady-state value. In case of unstable conditions, the fluid flow is characterised by large oscillations of both the velocity and the temperature. This oscillating behaviour can be unidirectional (i.e., the main flow direction does not change) or can induce flow reversals. NOMENCLATURE c [J/(kg K)] Heat capacity D [m] Diameter ?̂?s [-] Unit vector following the fluid flow ?̂?z [-] Unit vector pointing towards the positive vertical direction g [m/s] Gravity acceleration G [kg/(ms)] Mass flux Grm [-] Modified Grashof number h [W/(m K)] Heat transfer coefficient k [W/(m K)] Thermal conductivity L [m] Pipe length Nu [-] Nusselt number p [Pa] Pressure Pr [-] Prandtl number q′′ [W/m] Localized external Heat Flux (LHF) q#′′ [W/m 2 ] All-External Heat Flux (A-EHF) q′′′ [W/m] Internal Heat Generation (IHG) R [mK/W] Conductive thermal resistance of the pipe Re [-] Reynolds number s [m] Curvilinear axial coordinate Stm [-] Modified Stanton number


Objective:To explore complications of anterior cervical standardization of observation and nursing care.Methods:Reported 12 cases of complications of anterior cervical observation and care,good psychological preoperative care,tracheal,esophageal passage training,after close observation of demeanor,vital signs,sensory activities,observe if there is bleeding,leakage of cerebrospinal fluid,vertebral space infection,lung infection.First day began after guiding rehabilitation.Results:The group 1 patients had neck incision hematoma,cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 4 cases,complications related to bone block fusion some slippage in 1 case,1 case of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury,laryngeal nerve injury in 1 case,1 case of spinal cord injury aggravated,3 cases of pulmonary infection.Conclusion:With careful care,close observation,timely and correct treatment,effective control of the disease.


Processability has always been a challenge for most insoluble porous materials. Herein, we report a facile approach to realize their processability by physically blending them into a thiol-containing polysiloxane matrix (PMMS) followed by an efficient thiol–ene cross-linking reaction, resulting in novel silicone elastomers. The applied porous materials are polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-based hybrid porous polymers (HPPs), which were prepared by the Heck reactions of octavinylsilsesquioxane with 4,4′-dibrombiphenyl and/or 1,3,6,8-tetrabromopyrene. They exhibit tunable fluorescence with a continuous color change from blue to red by altering the molar ratio of biphenyl and pyrene units. This remarkable fluorescence modulation endows the elastomers incorporated with HPP materials similar multicolor emissions from blue to red depending on the added HPP. It was observed that HPP materials were well dispersed in the polymeric matrix when the amount of HPPs was below 20 mg per gram of PMMS. Furthermore, mu...


The present research and application of the international traffic of the century model analysis in grassland, forest, farmland three different ecological system in domestic was studied, which provided the basis for the use of the model to carry out different ecological system of the change of soil organic carbon. The original CENTURY model was applied to simulate the grassland ecological system, mainly was used in the long-term evolution process of simulated carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in grassland ecosystem and other elements of the simulation. It had an relatively good simulated effect. At numerous experimental sites in different regions, many scholars at home and abroad successfully applied it. Most of the parameters in the model was universal well and was adapted to the different grassland ecosystem in different ecological zones. Validation and adaptability evaluation CENTURY model was verified. Upgrade CENTURY model had been widely used in forest ecosystem improved, long-term dynamic simulation of soil and vegetation system between C, N, P, S, composed of forest system, soil organic proton model and water molecule model, but this model had some structural problems of simulation on simulating litter layer of forest soil organic carbon change. CENTURY model was one of the most effective tools on the evaluation of soil organic carbon in farmland ecosystem. Domestic and foreign scholars had been widely applied to study the changes of soil organic carbon in farmland ecosystem. Through summing up the research and application of the prevailing international century model in grassland, forest, farmland three different ecosystems, we analyzed the problems existed in the application of the CENTURY model. CENTURY model had a broad application prospect.


The effect of traps on DC and high-frequency behavior of a short channel single-layer graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) is discussed thoroughly in the present work. Trap-induced hysteresis is evident when a standard staircase measurement technique is applied while it is diminished when an opposing-pulse method is used. In both cases, forward and backward gate voltage (VGS) sweeps are utilized. A recently proposed analytical compact model accounting for traps activated both by vertical electric field and high-lateral electric field enabled by hot carriers, is accurately validated with both trap-affected and trap-reduced data. Important high-frequency figures of merit (FoM) such as cut-off and maximum oscillation frequencies as well as the intrinsic gain of the GFET under test, are also derived from the model, and exhibit a strong trap dependence through the DC operating point of the device. These FoM not only demonstrate VGS shifts, but also, they exhibit magnitude alterations due to traps impact even when the Dirac voltage of the GFET under test coincides in both forward and backward staircase measurement schemes.


In order to establish a competitive ELISA method for detecting β-casein of bovine milk, the factors to affect competitive-ELISA were investigated. The optimal conditions for competitive ELISA method were coated anti-β-CN IgY concentration of 1:160, 1% gelatin-PBST as the blocking solution and blocking time of 1 h. The working titers betweenβ-CNHRP and detection samples were 1:20 and 1:80, respectively. The reaction time of antibody and antigen was 1 h and the optimum enzymatic reaction time was 20 min. Detection results indicated that the detected limit was 3.5% with a variation coefficient (CV) of less than 5%. This method can be used for rapid and accurate detection of β -casein in bovine milk and dairy products.


This study examined whether native speakers of Japanese could attend to critical acoustic features while identifying lenis and aspirated among Korean alveolar stops. Most Japanese participants had studied Korean for more than one year at a university language center in Korea. Native speakers of Korean were also tested with the same task for comparison. Korean participants discriminated the phonemic contrast according to both VOT and F0 or just F0. In contrast, Japanese participants identified lenis and aspirated mostly based on VOT information. They correctly identified stimuli of the phonemes which a speaker produced distinctively in terms of VOT. When stimuli weren't noticeably different in VOT, they confused the two phonemes. Unlike Korean participants, they hardly considered F0 information. This result suggests that some training materials, although they were produced by native speakers, can't lead L2 learners to catch critical acoustic information of L2 phonemes. If learners can identify L2 sounds accurately without attention to critical features, they may stick to wrong information in the sounds.


What is the effect of nolasiban on the uterine contractility of in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) patients prior to embryo transfer (ET) ?

 A single oral dose of nolasiban 900 mg administered 4 h before ET significantly decreased contraction frequency and increased coordination compared to placebo.

 Nolasiban is an investigational oral oxytocin receptor antagonist (OTRa) being developed to improve the chance of pregnancy following ET. Increased uterine contraction frequency can influence embryo implantation, and the coordination of these uterine contractions is equally important. OTRa have been shown to decrease uterine contractions and increase endometrial perfusion. Recently, an automated and quantitative measurement tool using transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) to better characterise uterine contractility has been developed which can be used to quantify the effect of nolasiban on uterine contractility.

 This study is part of a completed multi-centre randomised placebo-controlled trial (IMPLANT 1 – NCT02310802) in IVF patients (n = 247) carried out in 2015. Our study retrospectively assessed a sub-set of patients with good quality TVUS recordings to evaluate their mechanical uterine motion that were randomised to receive either nolasiban 900mg (n = 39) or placebo (n = 42).

 Subjects were < 37 years, undergoing ET on Day 3 following IVF/ICSI and with evidence of uterine contractions 4 h before ET. Nolasiban was administered 4 h before ET. Patients underwent TVUS immediately before drug administration and again immediately before ET. Uterine contraction frequency, amplitude, power and coordination were measured by applying dedicated speckle tracking and strain analysis. The Shapiro–Wilk test, followed by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test were applied to compare features between treatment groups.

 The mean (SD) frequency of uterine contractions was 1.54 (0.25) in the nolasiban group versus 1.57 (0.12) in the placebo group (p = 0.016). The mean (SD) coordination was 0.10 (0.17) in the nolasiban group versus 0.02 (0.16) in the placebo group (p = 0.034). The coordination feature was measured by assessing the presence of simultaneous movements of the anterior and posterior uterine walls, a higher value reflects increased coordination. There was no difference in contraction amplitude or power.

 This was a retrospective analysis of TVUS videos. The small sample size limits the generalisability of the findings. Furthermore, our initial results do not show how the changes in uterine motion may affect pregnancy rate after ET, meaning that the clinical relevance of our results remains to be proven.
 Wider implications of the findings: Our results show that in patients taking one 900mg dose of nolasiban prior to ET, beneficial uterine contractions are seen, which could be promising for embryo implantation and pregnancy in IVF patients. Our quantitative TVUS measurement tool can be applied to different patient populations to accurately quantify uterine motion.

 NCT02310802


Background Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic model is an acceptable model and is often used to the study of diabetic retinopathy (DR).However,the model is often established using retinal digest preparation in vitro in albino rats,and therefore it is difficult to evaluate the change of retinal vessels by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in vivo.Recently,pigmented rats are being used as the DR model.But the study on the comparison between albino rat model and pigmented rat model is seldom.Objective This study was to observe and compare the manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation in early diabetic pigmented diabetic rat and albino diabetic rat,and to select the right model of DR using FFA.Methods Type 1 diabetic models were induced in 15 six-week-old health male BN rats and 15 six-week-old health male SD rats by the injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) via tail vein.The models were thought to be successful in the rats with the blood glucose level ≥ 16.7 mmol/L.The right eyes of the rats were extracted 6 weeks after injection of STZ.Lens were examined by slit lamp microscope.Retinal vascular changes were examined by fundus photography,FFA and periodic acid Schiff staining of retinal digest preparation.The manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation were contrasted between BN rats and SD rats.The number of eyes with lens opacification was compared by Chi-square test and the ratio of vascular endothelial cells and perithelial cells (E/P) was compared between BN rats and SD rats.The use and care of experimental animals complied the Statement of Ethic Committee of Tianjin Medicine University.Results Six weeks after injection of STZ,11 BN rats and 10SD rats were included in this study.The blood levels were (24.73±2.98) mmol/L and (22.36±3.65) mmol/L in BN rats and SD rats,respectively,without significant difference between the 2 types of rats (t =7.873,P>0.05).Lens opacification occurred in 6 BN rats and in 5 SD rats (P=0.717).FFA showed the clear retinal vascular under the brown background.Evident vessel disorder and fluorescence leakage like background stage of DR were seen in 9 eyes.However,in the SD rats,retinal vessel abnormality could not exhibited owing to the interference of choroid fluorescent light from choroidal vessels and vortex vein.Retinal digest preparation exhibited that unevenness of vessel diameter,decrease of perithelial cells and increase of endothelial cells in both types of rats.The E/P values were 11.50±3.68in the BN rats and 12.86±3.94 in the SD rats,without significant difference between them (t=9.785,P>0.05).Conclusions The abnormality of fundus vascular morphology can be better displayed in pigmented diabetic rats than albino rats by FFA in vivo.

Key words:
Diabetic retinopathy;  Fundus fluorescein angiography;  Animal model;  Rat strain/ Brown-Norway rat, Sprague-Dawley rat;  pigment


In 2004, G. Ganesan and C. Raghavendra Rao introduced the concept of Rough Fuzzy Groups. In this paper, we have adapted this approach in defining the algebraic closure of a given fuzzy graph using each vertex.


Product development organizations are unwilling to compromise product functionality, unit cost, or time to market in order to create products that have less environmental impact than that required by regulations. Thus, designers may face a conflict between improving product functionality and reducing environmental impact. The design for environment (DfE) tools currently available are inadequate with respect to helping designers determine how to resolve this conflict during the conceptual design phase. Design-by-analogy is a promising conceptual design approach for this problem. Examples of products that simultaneously reduce environmental impact and improve product functionality can inspire designers to do likewise. The challenges are to generate the relevant knowledge and to organize it in an accessible DfE tool. This paper describes an approach for generating and organizing this knowledge, an analysis of successful products, and a table of successful designs.


The characteristics of Austrian vocational education are closely integrated with the development of social economy and the flexible educational system and positive assistance of enterprises,etc.The characteristics have important enlightenment to vocational education of our country:to run a school,we must strengthen flexibility,must combine school with enterprise,must lay stress on training of students' practical ability,must build up a high qualitative teachers' contingent of vocational education.


In this paper a generalisation of the notion of polarity is exhibited which allows to completely describe, in an incidence-geometric way, the linear complexes of h-subspaces. A generalised polarity is defined to be a partial map which maps (h−1)-subspaces to hyperplanes, satisfying suitable linearity and reciprocity properties. Generalised polarities with the null property give rise to linear complexes and vice versa. Given that there exists for h > 1 a linear complex of h-subspaces which contains no star—this seems to be an open problem over an arbitrary ground field—the combinatorial structure of a partition of the line set of the projective space into non-geometric spreads of its hyperplanes can be obtained. This line partition has an additional linearity property which turns out to be characteristic.


*All correspondence related to this article should be directed to Akhmad Taufik from Ehime University, Japan & State Polytechnic of Ujung Pandang, Indonesia Email: firstname.lastname@example.com © 2016 The Authors. Published by Academic Fora. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific & Review committee of ECBA-2016. ECBA -16


Crowd prediction systems, such as prediction markets, provide the infrastructure to elicit and combine the predictions from a group ("crowd") of forecasters. In contrast to data-driven approaches, crowd predictions are especially useful in settings with little historical data, such as in new product development, vaccine trials, pandemics, or geopolitical events. Our contributions in this area are threefold. First, we provide an experimental evaluation of two popular types of prediction market architectures: continuous double auction (CDA) markets and logarithmic market scoring rules (LMSR) markets. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to study these methods in a large, randomized experiment. Prior research reporting on CDA and LMSR market performance did not compare the two designs directly but had separate sets of questions for each [2]. Using data from over 1300 forecasters and 147 forecasting questions, we find that the LMSR market achieves higher accuracy than the CDA market. The LMSR market achieves 14% lower Brier scores (MCDA = 0.245, SDCDA = 0.327 versus MLMSR = 0.211, SDLMSR = 0.280; t(146) = 2.28, p = 0.024). In exploratory analyses, we find that the better performance of the LMSR market appears particularly pronounced for questions that attracted few traders as well as early in a question when only few traders had placed orders on the question. Relative to LMSR, the CDA market underperformed in thin-market settings, consistent with Robin Hanson's motivation for the LMSR market mechanism. Second, we quantify the impact of prediction system architecture and individual forecaster track record on aggregate performance. Previous research studied how the performance of CDA prediction markets and prediction polls compares when populated by sub-elite forecasters [1] while most previous work on elite forecasters has only examined their individual performance [3]. We are the first to compare the aggregate performance of small, elite forecaster crowds across two prediction systems: LMSR prediction markets and team prediction polls. Moreover, we compare the aggregate accuracy of elite forecaster crowds to larger, sub-elite crowds using the same prediction


Abstract. This study was carried out in order to adapt a measurement tool into Turkish developed to measure Individual Creativity (IC) levels of individuals. The sample of the study comprised of two different study groups, A total of 164 female (35.3%) and 301 male (64.7%) total 465 Ministry of Youth and Sports employees took part in the study. The Individual Creativity Scale (13 items) developed by Zhou and George (2001) was used as a measurement tool in the study. EFA and DFA were used in the analysis of the factor structure of the measurement tool. In addition, CR and AVE values were calculated to determine whether the convergent and discriminant validity of the scale was achieved. In order to test the reliability of the scale, the Cronbach alpha (α) internal consistency coefficient was calculated. After the EFA, the 13-items structure preserved itself with an explanation rate of 64.93%. In the CFA phase, 11-items single-factor structure confirmed itself. In the calculation of the internal consistency coefficients of CR, AVE and Cronbach alpha (α) in the final version of the scale, the values were found to be within the criterion value range. As a result, it is possible to say that Turkish version of the Individual Creativity Scale is a valid and reliable scale.


This paper is a literature review of recent corporate governance research in Nigeria. It identifies the recent advances and challenges in the literature and suggest some directions for future research. A comprehensive review of the recent corporate governance literature is important because it provides a basis to compare the corporate governance experience in Nigeria with the corporate governance experience in other African countries and developing countries. The findings from the literature review reveal that the board of directors is the most explored corporate governance determinant in the Nigerian corporate governance literature. Most studies focus on some corporate governance determinants, and ignore other corporate governance determinants in firms. There is some consensus that corporate governance failure in Nigeria is caused by multiplicity of factors such as lack of political will by the government to enforce corporate governance laws, deliberate refusal to comply with existing corporate governance laws by politically connected firms, weak compliance by firms, weak enforcement by regulators, and conflicting codes in the country's corporate governance codes. Also, recent corporate governance studies do not systematically build on previous corporate governance studies. Regarding methodology, most Nigerian corporate governance studies are merely experimenting different methods of analyses without advancing the literature in a significant way. The study also finds that the 2018 Nigerian code of corporate governance solves some problems and create new problems for Nigerian firms.


Hot subdwarf B stars (sdBs) are core helium-burning stars located on the extreme horizontal branch. About half of the known sdB stars are found in close binaries. Their short orbital perio ds of 1.2 h to a few days suggest that they are post common-envelope systems. Eclipsing hot subdwarf binaries are rare, but important to determine the fundamental stellar parameters. Low-mass companions are identified by the reflection e ffect. In most cases the companion is a main sequence star near the stellar mass limit. Here we report the discovery of an eclipsing hot subdwarf binary SDSS J162256.66+473051.1 (J1622) of very short orbital period (0.0697 d), found in the course of the MUCHFUSS project. The lightcurve shows grazing eclipses and a prominent reflection effect. An analysis of the light- and radial velocity (RV) curves indicated a mass ratio of q = 0.1325, an RV semiamplitude K = 47.2 km s −1 , and an inclination of i = 72.33 ◦ . We show that a companion mass of 0.064 M⊙, well below the hydrogen-burning limit, is the most plausible solution, which implies a mass close to the canonical mass (0.47 M⊙) of the sdB star. Therefore, the companion is a brown dwarf, which not only survived the engulfment by the red-giant envelope, but also triggered its ejection, and enabled th e sdB star to form. The rotation of J1622 is expected to be tidally locked to the orbit. However, J1622 rotates too slowly (vrot = 74.5± 7 km s −1 ) to be synchronized, challenging tidal interaction models.


The net multiplication effect of beryllium oxide, which is due to the (n,2n) reaction, was calculated using an essentially exact calculation of the neutron spectrum as a function of energy. The upper limit of the (n,2n) cross section curve gives the unpoisoned value epsilon /sup +/ = 1.047 and the lower limit gives epsilon /sup -/ = 1,027. The behavior of the Li/sup 6/poisoned fast multiplication effect as a function of the number of collisions was studied for both beryllium and beryllium oxide. (auth)


In this paper, a new configuration of the independent metering valve system (IMV) is proposed for the hydraulic excavator. In contrast to the conventional-IMV configuration uses four 2-way 2-position (2/2) proportional valves, the proposed configuration uses one 2-way 2-position proportional valve and combines with two 4-way 3-position directional valves to operate the hydraulic excavator according to five metering modes designed on the IMV system. Additionally, the coordinated control of the pump and the valve is applied to improve the tracking performance and energy-saving of the proposed system. The results obtained by the co-simulation model on the AMESim/MATLAB software confirmed the energy consumption of the new configuration has the same result as the CIMV system. Consequently, the proposed configuration not only achieves high energy efficiency as IMV systems but also saves investment costs when it uses a single proportional valve in the system.


ABSTRACT Excellent film is an integrated art. It has rich knowledge and profound ideological connotations. In order to promote students' enthusiasm for learning about biology, we made some attempts on how to use movie clips for biological teaching and achieved good results. Making use of movie's sound, color, light, and animations, we tried to enrich students' perceptions from multiple perspectives and help students understand abstract concepts. Therefore, this paper proposes the idea of eliciting positive emotions by showing students movie clips to enhance their understanding of the Ebola virus infection process.


Within the realm of eyewitness testimony one has created and developed a series of techniques that aim to elicit reports and assess their reliability. This effort has given rise to a set of instruments whose utility has been scientifically and empirically demonstrated. Therefore, the


The Partners for Change project aimed to encourage disadvantaged young people aged 11–19 in the South West region of England to get involved in making decisions about public libraries. The project was developed using an action research approach and took place between May 2005 and June 2007. An action research approach was used so that learning from the project could inform the development of national tools for public library services in England as part of a programme known as Fulfilling their Potential. The project found that disadvantaged young people are happy to offer ideas to improve their local public library if they have had the opportunity to develop a trusting relationship with library staff. However, many young people feel that they are often asked for their views on public services but are seldom told what happens as a result. The project found that if public libraries are to be successful in involving young people in decision-making, library staff need training and sufficient resources to work in-depth with relatively small groups of young people. Project lessons have been incorporated into the Fulfilling their Potential programme so that public libraries across England can develop effective strategies for engaging disadvantaged young people.


The educational sector has been emphasizing the adoption of engaging studentcentered instructional approaches in order to improve learning outcomes. Technologyenhanced learning environments provide levels of complexity that promote inquiry, support critical thinking, and deeper understandings of phenomena. Effective technology-enhanced curriculum amalgamates best practices in the design and development of instructional technologies with effective instructional strategies that are grounded in learning theories. The purpose of this presentation is to demonstrate how a mobile learning application supports the scientific inquiry process for elementary children. An iPad application was developed to integrate with a content-driven website that provides teachers and students with information and instruction on the nature of science and scientific inquiry. For the purpose of this project scientific inquiry is, simply stated, actively pursuing knowledge and constructing meaning of natural phenomena through observations, experimentation, making predictions, argumentation, and reasoning. Students use the iPad to make animal and habitat observations at a wildlife center. The observation data is connected to a database, which students access through a website, with all observations made by their peers and the general public. Students use the data to pose research questions and investigate natural phenomena that ultimately will aid, through critical thinking and problem solving, in the development of their scientific knowledge


Ffforts to define and assess instructional leadership have received increasing attention in recent years. Many studies have relied extensively on teachers' ratings as the priutary source to evidence regarding instructional leadership. However, relatively little is known about the reliability or validity of the data such ratings provide. Because they are made by an outsider, a presumption is made that they are somehow objective and accurate. But this remains to be proven. The present study examines the reliability and validity of teacher ratings, the relationship between t3acher ratings and principal self-reports of instructional leadership, i the degree to which they are influenced by various demographic factors. Reliability, Validity, Scope


An apparatus (10) for feeding information leaflets or the like to folding boxes in a packaging machine has a pamphlet arrangement (25). According to the invention, the pamphlet arrangement (25) via an adapter plate (22) to a support (21) to be attached, which in turn in a bearing block (20) is mounted to pivot horizontally. The inventive design it is possible in particular for maintenance work to obtain located to within the device (10) ergonomically favorable access facilities, without the need for parts of the device (10) must be expanded.


This paper presents a new algorithm for deriving the direction of signal flow in MOS circuits. The algorithm detects so-called unidirectional transistors. In a unidirectional transistor, signal flow is restricted to one direction during switch-level simulation, without compromising the simulation results. The algorithm uses a static analysis of the switch-level characteristics of the circuit, such as the transistor strengths and node capacitor sizes. It was implemented and used in the simulation of a large, commercial microprocessor. For this processor, 98.5% of the transistors were determined to be unidirectional by the algorithm. The simulation time for this processor decreased significantly when unidirectional transistors were detected.<<ETX>>


Web Server is a software technology and communication method to carry out information issuance. The new concept of combination of equipment faults diagnoses with Web Services technology is proposed. The techniques flow of equipment, techniques parameters, signal characteristics and inference resolution in faults diagnoses are put forward with communication and software in order to carry out data dynamical exchange and interface of HMI. The remote processing on network of system information issuance is formed in this way. The principle and characteristics of Web Server technology are introduced. The common contents of information issuance in on line diagnoses system is also classified. The Web Server is applied in the project for high technology research work (863 project) "Remote and Intelligent On-line Diagnoses System for Rotational Machinery" to realize the function of information issuance and data inquire by groupware of DELPHI 6 Web Services.


While the range of Gregory Baker's new work on Celtic Modernism and Classics is impressive, even more impressive is the web of interconnections that it calls forth. On the one hand, Baker uncovers the fascinating variety in the nationalist and language-revival movements of Ireland, Wales, and Scotland in the 19th and 20th centuries. On the other, he reveals the profound differences possible in the role of "Classics" in the modern world. Far from the normative view of a gradual disappearance of Greek and Latin as irrelevant to modernity—an issue Baker interestingly, and ably, leaves to his conclusion—we see, for example, Scotland, where the study of academic English prevailed early over Classics, Wales, which viewed itself as Roman, and Ireland, seen now as an oral culture on the verge of finding its Homer. In each case, Classics, which had served as a key instrument of the English ruling class, connects with movements supporting the national language against the over-powering encroachment of English. Again, this occurs in a variety of ways: in Wales linked to anti-industrialism, in Scotland to the divide between Lowland Lallans and Highland Gaelic, and in Ireland to a mythologized past. Moreover, as Baker points out, Classics' "decline" in fact opened it up for different kinds of repurposing, while work such as that of Cornford and Harrison "superannuated in a stroke the Victorian Homer," as Eliot put it (100) by bringing ethnography, archaeology, and cultural anthropology into Classics, radically changing the implications of its reception. To add another intriguing touch, the four writers treated here, W. B. Yeats, James Joyce, David Jones, and Hugh Mac-


The paper contends that in contrast to its well‐recognized role in assisting case users in the teaching/learning process, the teaching note's importance in case writing has been inadequately appreciated. While accepting that its role to date, i.e. in supporting class‐room discussion on the case study, is extremely valid, it is suggested that if developed and formulated to its near final stage, the teaching note can provide an ideal template within which the planned case can be written. The proposition that the process of writing the teaching note in advance of the case is defended on two grounds: marketing theory and, perhaps the best of all reasons, "that it works"!


COVID-19 impacts both direct and indirect and at various levels, are currently ominous, and significantly challenge systems in society, economy and environment, influencing governance (GVRN), development (DVMT) and related poverty (PVTY) elements. This research explores relationships between GVRN and DVMT effects in developing countries (DCs), proposing that transport, supply chain and logistics management (TSCLM) incorporating agility, can enable GVRN more supportive and responsive. In so doing, efforts for DVMT and PVTY eradication can improve, alleviating problems for individuals and systems left unprepared, bereft and vulnerable. It is vital to pursue this area of research for theoretical and managerial features in the underexplored contexts are generally still novel. To heighten research and practical consciousness of interactions between GVRN, TSCLM and DVMT, especially PVTY effects, this paper engages literature review and associated conceptual model with propositions. The conceptual model focuses on relationships and interactions, combining institutional theory and organisational learning theory incorporating networking or collaboration, presenting four propositions to sustain further exploration, management and practice. In concluding, this researcher presents implications, and suggests future research avenues with respect to interrelationships of GVRN, TSCLM and DVMT. The incorporation of elements to better enable GVRN relationship with DVMT beneficial to PVTY eradication in business context with COVID-19 hindrances, can assist individuals and firms to be more agile and effective in planning, implementation and output systems and to sustain advantageous outcomes. This research contributes to augmenting theory and practice in supply-chain management, GVRN and DVMT, so researchers, managers and others can benefit from value added in improving processes and practices including success with eradicating COVID-19 hindrances to significant attainments.


Aim To study effects of nine compounds extracted from Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (SSD) on proliferation of hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) in marrow-depressed mice. Methods Serum pharmacology experiment was used to observe the influence of nine compounds on growth of CFU-E、BFU-E、CFU-GM、CFU-Meg in marrow-depressed mice. Results Compared with the control, all compounds except pyromucic acid and ononin could significantly stimulate the growth of CFU-GM (P0.01). Catechin, gallocatechin, syringic acid and epicatechin had significant effects on proliferation of CFU-E, BFU-E and CFU-Meg (P0.05). Conclusions Nine compounds obtained from Spatholobus suberectus Dunn can stimulate the proliferation of HPC in marrow-depressed mice, among which catechin is the best stimulator.


Together with Unamuno, both A. Camus and J-P. Sartre had a lot of influence from the 50s of the last century on Basque reduced intelligentsia, that is, on the Franciscans (first, on Bastarrika) and on Txillardegi, Juan San Martin, E. Lopez Adan and Joxe Azurmendi, among others. This influence was crucial to move from the traditional Basque culture based on the Catholic faith to a more secular Basque culture. At first, Camus was the most influential; Sartre came later. This work starts by exploring the personal and intellectual relationship between Camus and Sartre; then I present the main themes of their impact dealing with existentialism, religion and morals. And along with it, I follow the debate about the legitimacy of violence that took place in Paris after World War II. The context was communists's revolutionary goals: If it succeeded in Russia why would it not succeed in France? In 1946, PCF (the French Communist Party) had 800,000 members, and its influence was enormous. After presenting Lopez Adan's view, the paper ends by gathering some ideas by Joxe Azurmendi on the topic of violence. Sartre and Camus were not religiously dogmatic like Gandhi. The morals needed with respect to violence needs to be built; and it will always be because there are no tablets of the ten commandments, and the answer corresponds to to each society in its own time.


Based on the analysis and research of the geotechnical investigation results for those projects executed in Beira Port of Mozambique,the authors expounded the engineering geological characteristics of the subsoil and the major engineering geological issues existed in the port area.The discussions might be of good reference for those fellow engineers who need to undertake the geotechnical investigation,design and construction work in the similar areas.


Recent researches together with development and application advances of the molecular protein engineering are reviewed. The site-directed mutagenesis and chemical modification are discussed. The advantages of site-specific mutagenesis over chemical modification are its high specificity of site mutation and almost free approach of engineering proteins by fusing new and foreign functional groups or deleting some original groups.


This study demonstrated feasibility of producing soluble protein powders from pink (PSP) and red (RSP) salmon heads. Differences were observed between physicochemical properties of the two protein powders, including nitrogen solubility, emulsion stability, and fat adsorption capacity. The flow and viscoelastic properties of the emulsions prepared with PSP and RSP were investigated using a parallel plate rheometer. The power law model and the Casson model were used to determine the flow behavior index (n), and consistency index (K) and yield stress. The emulsion containing PSP (PSPE) had a higher K value (8 Pa.s) than that (4.2 Pa.s) of the emulsion containing RSP (RSPE). Both PSPE and RSPE emulsions exhibited pseudoplastic behavior and viscoelastic characteristics. The G' (an elastic or storage modulus) and G" (a viscous or loss modulus) values for PSPE were higher than RSPE.


Pilgrimage tourism is one of the most cultural and socio-economic activities in mountain regions and has been practicing since time immemorial. It is the major source of income as about 26 percent of Uttarakhand's GDP is earned from tourism. In Garhwal Himalaya, most of the pilgrimage places are located in the higher reaches of Himalaya and Kedarnath, one of the abodes of Lord Shiva, is located at the height of 3583 meters above sea level near the source of Mandakini River. The 'Himalayan Tsunami' caused by torrential rain, clouds bursts and flash floods on 16 and 17 June, 2013 caused severe damage to the tourist amenities and facilities which badly affected the livelihood of the local people. The intensity of torrential rain in Mandakini valley washed away Kedarnath, Rambara and Gaurikund to a large extent. This flood not only devastated the local infrastructure and connectivity like highways, hotels, communication network and local inhabitants but also put halt on tourist arrival for almost 2 years. The present paper evaluates post 2013 planning and promotion of pilgrimage tourism in Kedarnath and the research methodology adopted to know the planning and promotion is based on the secondary data taken from various sources.


Orff's teaching method is one of the modern,advanced and scientific teaching methods of music.Its principle is to make students love music through practicing music,and guided by teaches,the students carry out creative activities together with the teachers to develop their abilities of imagination and creation.


The prospect of global harmonisation of the accounting standards have seemed far away up to now. Countries with relatively low economic potentials – like Hungary – faced a great many questions when they regulated their accounting rules. Accountancy was regarded as the language of business. In Hungary there did not exist any unified conception for a system of norms considered as an aim to be followed in the long-run. The change, which involved the re-codification of regulations together with the acception of the demand for harmonisation and, was actually an increase in effects, such as corrupt practices in companies and terror attacks, which fundamentally influenced the economy in international terms.


Abstract : Congress created the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) in 1972, P.L. 92-484, and terminated its funding in 1995. The pros and cons of reviving OTA or recreating a similar body have been examined. Since 2002, at congressional direction, the Government Accountability Office (GAO, formerly the General Accounting Office) conducted two pilot technology assessments and is completing two others. Legislation was proposed during the 108th Congress to restore OTA's funding (H.R. 125); create an entity to conduct assessments for Congress (H.R. 6 as passed in the Senate); conduct technology assessments in GAO (report language on H.R. 2657, H.R. 4755, and S. 2666); and create a technology assessment capability in GAO (S. 2556) or under its direction (H.R. 4670). Policy issues under discussion include the need for assessments, funding, the utility of GAO's technology assessment-related reports, and options for institutional arrangements. This report will be updated as needed.


changing due to the war in the former Yugoslavia and social work educators need to continue to ask the question of 'What should social work education do?' Yuen-Tsang and Ip compared social work education in Hong Kong to that in China and although China is working on a more culturally appropriate education, graduates of the Hong Kong social work programs found that in the Chinese institutions the practical aspect of social work was not encouraged as much as the theoretical base of the profession. Generally, social work in China has lacked support from the government and NGOs and more needs to happen to take social work education and practice to a more respected level.


This article looks at the process of exposing a re gion known today as the end of the world: Tierra del Fuego. Almost five hundred years after the crossing of the Strait of Magellan and the first maritime circumnavigation of the worl d (1519-1522), the display of the occult is taken to its peak with satellite photos. The articl e examines three cultural forms that arrive in Tierra del Fuego in the second half of the twentiet h century: fictional narrative, museums, Internet.


Network technology based on the Internet Protocol has now advanced to the point that data traffic of any kind can be as reliably transported via Ethernet as it can via TDM. This paper explores the strengths and weaknesses of both TDM and Ethernet transport within the context of microwave radio communications. The paper further describes the operational advantages of Ethernet and Ethernet radio systems and outlines an approach to migration from a TDM-based network to an all-IP network.


To meet the needs of all kinds of the applied and skilled talents caused by the development of society and economy,Canada community colleges developed quickly during the 1960s to 1970s.Chinese vocational technology colleges have many similar characteristics with Canada community colleges in level,type,target and curriculum.This paper takes Canada Georgian College as an example,interprets and analyzes how Canada community colleges carry out the education concept to the educational teaching reform,which is in order to make the internal higher vocational technical colleges learn and use,promote the development of higher vocational education in China.


Organizational change, in the present study has been conceptualized as changes which happen within an organization as a response to internal and external environmental changes. By taking this perspective into account, this article aims at developing a questionnaire to measure the employees' perception of change in the organization. This was achieved by collecting primary data from 10 IT organizations. A pool of 52 [Part A (27) and Part B (25)] items was formulated and tested on a sample of randomly selected 213 executives from these 10 IT organizations. Reliability and validity of the scale were duly established. The final scale consists of 41 [Part A (20) and Part B (21)] items, with a 6-point Likert type format.


From 1972,the water diversion in the upstream of Baojixia from Weihe River has been reducing the water flow of the Weihe River in its main stream and affecting the instream basic water body function.Based on the hydrological data from 1972 to 2006,we applied the wetted perimeter method,the monthly minimum average flow method and Tennant method to calculate the ecological basic flow.The ecological basic flow of Linjiacun Section,Weihe River is 10m3/s.Then the effect of Baojixia water diversion to the mainstream ecological basic flow of Linjiacun Section,Weihe River has studied.In addition,the ecological basic flow guarantee rate of the section has calculated too.Through analysis,we can see that Baojixia water diversion has great impact on the ecological basic flow of Weihe River.The affection of Water diversion in non-flood season is twice than that in flood season.In non-flood season after water diversion,the instream ecological basic flow guarantee rate of the section is only 34%.According to the actual condition,we put forward the ecological basic flow guarantee measures of agricultural irrigation water-saving,regional water transfer project and efficient management and policy.


There is much speculation surrounding the role of common and dysplastic naevi as an intermediary precursor in the pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma.1,2 It is well recognised that the majority of invasive cutaneous melanomas arise de novo and a smaller proportion are associated with a pre-existing naevus, however the biologic and prognostic significance of naevus-associated status remains unclear. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


A controlled environment technique using freshly silked, excised ears artificially infested with 1st instar larvae was developed for evaluating sweet com (Zea mays L.) for resistance to 2nd-brood European com borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hiibner). At 14 days, infested ears of the moderately resistant dent inbred 'B52' held in plastic bags at 27°C (day) 21° (night), high humidity, and 16 hour photoperiod (8.6 klx) had fewer 4th and 5th instar larvae and possibly lower larval weight Use of this technique could improve the efficiency of screening via artificial infestation by reducing environmentally caused variability.


I would recommend to provide with the data an additional file (e.g. Readme) that describes the content of the Zip-archive. As a non-GIS user I found it a bit complicated to access the data. After installing an open source GIS on my Linux PC I was able to read the data and to visualize them, which was helpful but took some time. Therefore, providing a simple ASCII file that contains the data of the shape file would be very useful. It makes the access to non-GIS users easier. Nevertheless, I have understood the advantages of a GIS environment.


In particular the settlement of disputes occurring between business actors and consumers is set out under article 49 of Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection (hereinafter referred to as consumer protection LAW) through the Consumer Dispute resolution agency (BPSK). Issue problem: 1) What are the reasons for business actors to object to the decision of the consumer Dispute resolution agency? 2) What is the reason for the judge to grant an appeal for business actors in the Padang District Court? The research method is sociological juridical. Data sources consist of primary data and secondary data, data collection techniques are interviews and document studies. Data analysis is qualitative. Results of research: 1) that the ruling of BPSK Padang City is contrary to the regulation of laws and regulations in Indonesia and injure justice because of one party and does not reflect the wisdom of a dispute resolution institution because the Council of BPSK has acted beyond its authority limit, such as-Wenang, forcing will, ignoring guidelines in consumer dispute resolution. 2) Pursuant to article 6 paragraph (2) Perma No: 1 year 2006 on the procedure of filing an objection to the decision of the consumer Dispute resolution agency which reads "The examination of objection is done only on the basis of the ruling BPSK and a file of the case" which gives understanding that the authority of the Court of Justice.


The rise in global population, increasing economic status in the developing world, reduction in arable land and increase in extreme weather all pose serious problems to sustaining sufficient food production to meet the ever increasing demand. With yields per unit land area failing to increase to match the rising demand, rapid improvements in plant productivity will be necessary. This thesis aimed to discover whether two novel cyanobacterial genes that putatively increase photosynthesis are able to improve photosynthesis and productivity in soybean, the world's fourth most produced food crop. Glycine max [L.] Merr cv. Thorne were transformed with the two cyanobacterial genes, ictB and FBP1, and first examined under controlled greenhouse conditions and then over two years of field trials in current and future [CO2] (585-590 μmol mol-1) to determine the potential of improving an already highly productive C3 crop species. The ictB gene was expected to facilitate bicarbonate transfer across the plastid membrane, thereby increasing [CO2] within the stroma and at the site of RuBP carboxylase/oxygnease (Rubisco). In the greenhouse study, the G. max expressing the ictB gene showed increases of 10% in the in vivo rate of RuBP- (ribulose-1:5-bisphosphate) limited photosynthesis, 9% in RuBP-saturated photosynthesis, and 24% in mesophyll conductance to CO2. Importantly, the final plant mass increased by 13%, and seed yield by 15%. Consistent with the greenhouse experiment, the ictB line in the two year field trials showed higher rates of light-saturated leaf CO2 uptake of 15% in ambient [CO2] relative to wild type. The elevated [CO2] had an additive effect on photosynthesis and productivity in the ictB line, showing an increased rate of light-saturated CO2 uptake of 25% and increased seed yield of 27% compared to wild type in elevated [CO2]. The ictB line showed a significant increase in the maximum quantum yield of CO2 uptake, strongly suggesting that ictB acts to increase passive diffusion of inorganic carbon to Rubisco.
The FBP1 gene encodes the FBPase/SBPase bifunctional enzyme which has the same enzymatic function as the two individual enzymes present in higher plants. These two enzymes regulate key steps in the reductive pentose-phosphate (Calvin) cycle, the primary pathway for carbon fixation in higher plants. G. max plants expressing the FBP1 gene only showed increased photosynthesis and productivity when grown in the open-air field trails. The FBP1 line, G. max expressing the FBP1 gene, had increased photosynthesis when grown in elevated [CO2] consistent with the hypothesis that expression of the FBP1 gene would increase capacity for RuBP-regeneration at elevated [CO2], showing 16% higher rates of leaf photosynthetic CO2 uptake (Asat) and a 11% increased maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax). The FBP1 line also exhibited a 10.5% increase in seed yield per hectare, likely due to an increase in the number of nodes and pods. Increases in yield were also likely due to a significant extension of seed fill in the FBP1…


The Preparation of bio-diesel from non-edible vegetable oil i.e. Jatropha Curcus oil is selected for the study. The fuel properties of diesel & different diesel bio-diesel blends were determined and compared to each other. The diesel & diesel-bio-diesel blends were used for engine performance study and emission test. BMEP, bsfc, and Brake thermal efficiency were determination and compared with different engine speeds. The another objectives of the study is to Comparison of NOx, CO and particulate emissions of a


The ability of varying doses of streptozotocin to produce diabetes mellitus in cats was assessed. Doses up to and including 200mg/kg did not induce diabetes, but did impair the glucose tolerance of th


3D modeling of cluttered environments for semi-autonomous robotic systems implies that the position and orientation of the sensor is determined for each viewpoint from which measurements are collected. Often the registration estimation is performed offline or with the help of external tracking devices. In this paper, we propose to integrate an efficient range data-based registration estimation technique with a probabilistic occupancy modeling scheme which both make use of the same data set to estimate registration and to build 3D virtual representations of complex scenes. The resulting models are to be used for collision avoidance as well as for interaction with human operators who have to validate operations and guide data acquisition. The impact of the registration estimation technique on the quality of the models is examined in the context of telerobotic applications under operator supervision.


We build a three-state general equilibrium model of the aggregate labor market that features both standard labor supply forces and labor market frictions. Our model matches key features of the cyclical properties of employment, unemployment, and nonparticipation as well as those of gross worker flows across these three labor market states. Our key finding is that shocks to labor market frictions play a dominant role in accounting for labor market fluctuations. This is in contrast to the focus of the traditional RBC literature, which emphasized how employment fluctuations arise as a consequence of labor supply responses to price changes induced by TFP shocks.


Underwater sound projectors are usually operated near a resonance frequency in order to radiate high power at a reasonable efficiency. The width of the resonance peak is inversely proportional to the mechanical quality factor, Qm, and therefore the bandwidth of a projector is often said to be determined by Qm. However, an equally important parameter affecting the bandwidth is the effective coupling factor, keff. The connection between bandwidth and coupling factor, although expressed by Warren P. Mason in 1948, has not been generally appreciated by transducer designers and users. Recently, however, Dennis Stansfield [Underwater Electroacoustic Transducers (Bath U. P. and Inst. of Acoust., Bath, UK, 1990)] has elucidated this connection, showing explicitly how power amplifier and projector properties combine to determine practical bandwidth limitations. If the acoustic output of the projector is field‐limited (i.e., by a maximum allowable drive field), the effective coupling factor furnishes a useful desig...


The in-service training is the crucial manner to strengthen the learning environment in the enterprise and improve the ability of employees,however,which is easy to make the employees to be marginal,because of the post-changing,on a short view,it is unobvious to make contributions to enterprise and is inefficiency to produce,that during the period of the in-service training.Firstly,the writer analyses the causation that make the employees to be marginal.Secondly,the writer analyses the risk that the marginalization brings.Finally,the writer provides some proposal to solve the problem which the marginalization leads.


Recently, Decentralised Model Predictive Control (DMPC) based approaches have been proposed for multi-vehicle vehicle guidance, and oer many advantages including robustness and allowance for vehicle dynamics. However, a method of resolving deadlocks should ideally be incorporated into these methods. In this paper, we describe a method which is able to prevent deadlocks amongst groups of vehicles. This is basically achieved by ensuring sucient space is always present around vehicles for adjacent vehicles to be able to swap their positions when stationary. In addition, an optimisation procedure for a Parameterised Trajectory Generator (PTG) is introduced which is suitable for 3D environments, thus making the 3D path planning problem more tractable. Simulations validate the presented method.


Compound 2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glycopyranosyl azide was synthesized and characterized by means of single crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2(subscript 1) with crystallographic parameters a=0.7596(6) nm, b=1.5184(13) nm, c=1.6412(14) nm, a=90.00°, β=90.045(1)°, γ=90.00°, Z=2, V=1.8930 (3) nm^3. In the crystal structure of the title compound, the hexopyranosyl ring adopt a normal 4C1 chair conformation and all the substituents occupy equatorial position and the azide group do not adopt beeline structure but has curve phenomena.


Many important discussion and theoretical reasoning has been done about software evolution, notably, in connection with biological evolution. Species are the units used by biologists to measure variety of forms and study evolution and taxonomies are the way to express relations between species. In this paper the author relates classification of species with evolution and proposes the use of biological methods to construct phylogenetic relations of software. Afterwards approaches to achieve that are presented and a taxonomic study using one of such approaches with some software methods is briefly presented.


We study the statistical mechanics of a D-dimensional array of Josephson junctions in the presence of a magnetic field. In the high-temperature region, the thermodynamical properties can be computed in the limit D to infinity , where the problem is simplified; this limit is taken in the framework of the mean-field approximation. Close to the transition point, the system behaves very similarly to a particular form of spin glasses, i.e. to gauge glasses. We have noticed that in this limit, the evaluation of the coefficients of the high-temperature expansion may be mapped onto the computation of some matrix elements for the q-deformed harmonic oscillator.


A batch process on the 2 kg scale was developed for the production of ZrO/sub 2/--UO/sub 2/ solid solution in the weight proportion of about 4 to 1. The product is tetragonal ZrO/sub 2/-- UO/sub 2/ solution, with no UO/sub 2/ lines showing on the x-ray powder diffraction patterns. The solid solution is prepared from a precipitate of Zr(OH)/sub 4/-- (NH/sub 4/)/sub 2/U /sub 2O/sub 7/ which is filtered, dried, milled, screened to minus 325 mesh, and heated at 9OO deg C in H/sub 2/ for 4 hours. The success of the preparation depends strongly on the conditions of the precipitation, with precipitation from dilute salt solution being necessary to avoid undissolved UO/sub 2/ in the final product. (auth)


There are many solutions about the problem crossing administrative litigation and civil proceedings.Some of them aim at constructing the coordination mechanism between the two proceedings,e.g.administrative litigation first or civil proceedings first.Some of them try to establish the unified mechanism against the two proceedings,e.g.administrative litigation with supplementary civil proceedings or civil proceedings with supplementary administrative litigation.But less attention is paid to whether we can solve the problem with a single action,e.g.administrative litigation or civil proceedings.By analyzing the pros and cons,this article is trying to explore the possibility of solving the housing ownership dispute with a single action.


The differential-acmeological factors of the child under school age speech development and the harmony of the parent individuality. This scientific work devoted to the laws of the mediation by integration of the subject characteristics (in particular, acmeological statues) of the psychological development of the child under school age. These problems are become key problems for development of the new field of the psychological sciences -differential acmeology. The features of the acmeological status of their parents are disclosed as a component of integral individuality.


Introduction Over the last two centuries, the predominantly mixed sand and gravel beaches (termed shingle beaches) in Southeast England have become increasingly managed to maintain them in size and position as they often form the only defence against coastal flooding and erosion. Local approaches to management have led to problems along neighbouring frontages leading to current local management practices that take little or no account of those either side or even further along the coast. In most cases management is required to implement the Hold the Line policies of Shoreline Management Plans (SMP2) with the broader management strategy (groyned or open beach) usually defined through more detailed Coastal Defence Strategies. There exists a good understanding of the general beach material movement at all of the frontages, especially as many of these have a long history of management with a basic set of historic annual monitoring data that goes back to the 1970s, and, at a better level of detail and accuracy, since 2003 (CCO 2008).


Many biblical and Qur'anic texts represent God as a person, who is incorporeal but present everywhere with consciousness, perception, intelligence, and will. This chapter discusses difficulties in this conception and cites some theologians who flatly deny that God is a person.


The concept of ethics goes back to the time of Hippocrates, a Greek physician from the 4th century BC. Hippocrates' basic principle was: use or at least do no harm. That principle is the foundation of high ethics, which is reflected in Hippocrates' attitude toward his patients. The interest and well-being of the patient is the primary and main goal of his medical work and efforts. Health professionals most often encounter the Geneva formulation of the Hippocratic Oath. It emphasizes obligations related to the obligation to provide professional assistance, regardless of religious beliefs, racial and class affiliation, and political beliefs, and the obligation that professional knowledge may not be used contrary to the laws of humanity. In addition to the relationship with the patient, the relationship among the doctors is also important. The Geneva Declaration of the World Medical Association binds doctors with the words "The health of my patient will be my first obligation", and the International Code of Medical Ethics declares "A doctor will act only in the patient's interest when he provides the patient with medical care that may lead to his physical and mental weakening. " The significance of the Declaration of Helsinki has been confirmed by the incorporation of its rules into other international and national legal acts, ethical codes, and good clinical practice guidelines. It is not a simple set of ethical principles, but a guide to respect for human rights in performing experiments on humans. Some of the basic rights that the medical profession should ensure to patients are contained in the Lisbon Declaration.


We analyze the effects of inelastic scattering on the tunneling time theoretically, using generalized Nelson's quantum mechanics. This generalization enables us to describe quantum system with optical potential and channel couplings in a real time stochastic approach, which seems to give us a new insight into quantum mechanics beyond Copenhagen interpretation.


2,5-Diphenylphosphole and diphenylphosphino derivatives 2, 3 of 1-phenylpropargyl were prepared by reacting the corresponding diphenylphosphinolithium and 2,5-diphospholyl lithium salts with (3-bromo-prop-1-ynyl)-benzene in THF at low temperature. Sulfurization of these propargyl derivatives was then carried out with elemental sulfur in toluene at 90°C to yield the corresponding phosphole 8 and phosphino 9 derivatives. Reaction of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-1,3,2-diazaphosphinine 1 with the free phosphole derivative led to a mixture of diazaphosphinines 4 and 5 that were converted to the corresponding phosphinines 6 and 7 upon treatment with trimethylsilylacetylene in excess. Reaction of 1 with 1-phenylpropargyl derivatives of diphenylphosphine 8 and phosphole 9 afforded 7,8-dihydro-1-phospha-2,6-diazabarrelenes 10 and 11 having an exocyclic double bond. Formation of these compounds results from a (1,3)-shift of a hydrogen atom from the methylene carbon atom to the bridge of the barrelene moiety. Depending on the nature of the phosphine group, the sulfur atom can also be displaced to the P atom of the barrelene moiety. The X-ray structure of the phosphole derivative 10 was recorded. Three 6,7-dihydro-1-phospha-2,6-diazabarrelenes bearing two (16) or one ester (17a,b), or one cyano group (18a,b) on the bridge were also synthesized through the reaction of 1 with ethyl acrylate, dimethyl fumarate, and acrylonitrile. The X-ray structure of the cyano derivative 18a is also presented. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 14:326–333, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.10152


Soil samples representing a time series from forest before clearing to land in cultivation for 20 yr were taken near Delta Junction, AK, to determine the changes that occur in the soil seed bank following clearing and agricultural use. The total number of seed was initially low in the forested sites but increased after 3 to 5 yr in cultivation due to seed production by native colonizers and by introduced weeds such as common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L. ♯3 CHEAL). Viability of seed of several mature forest species was low. There was a shift from a seed bank dominated by native species in the forest and newly cleared sites to a seed bank dominated by introduced colonizers in the older fields. Although seed of introduced species increased in importance over time, native species, especially native colonizers, continued to be an important component of the seed bank throughout the 20-yr period represented.


In this study, we introduce a refined algorithm for the fine InSAR image coregistration which could be used in highly decorrelated scenes. The refinement is introduced at the point of selection of points necessary for the estimation of the offset vectors between master and slave image. A new approach for point selection based on the Harris corner detector algorithm is presented. The new point selection algorithm results with the clusters of point candidates for the offset vectors over a scene. Consequently, the number of points and their spatial distribution are improved, which results in a better global quality of the coregistration model


With the deepening of Chinese enterprises' internationalization,more and more workers face the internationalization of their own career.Conflict between work and family is the problem faced by enterprises together with expatriates,and the conflict endangers the development of enterprises and individual employees.This paper analyzes the expatriates' family problem as well as its cause,and discuss how to help expatriates solve the problem.From the systems and procedure level,and the prophase 、metaphase and anaphase of assignment,the paper brings forward the strategy of implementation of organizational support,to achieve a double-win between enterprises and staff,and harmonious amalgamation between staff's career success and family happiness.


In this paper, we provide an overview of how cognitive radio (CR) technology is making its way into the current wireless standards, and we discuss further opportunities for more CR-oriented standardization efforts. Specifically, we discuss how a cognitive engine (CE) can be potentially standardized, and we offer our latest innovations on metacognitive engine (meta-CE) design. The intelligent techniques of a CR are implemented in an agent commonly referred to as a CE. A CE manages the CR's operation. Typically, a CE is based on a primary learning and optimization algorithm that is utilized within the CE. Each of these algorithms has its own strengths and deficiencies depending on the operating scenario that makes some of them more appropriate for specific operating conditions. A meta-CE is an engine that learns which CE is more appropriate to provide the adaptation needed for the operating conditions. To make a meta-CE possible, first, we need a method for characterizing the CE algorithm's performance. Second, we should classify the operating conditions based on the CE algorithm's characteristics in order to determine the most appropriate operating condition. Our results show that, when we use meta-CE techniques, we have about 30% increase in performance compared with using the best individual CE.