S 44 of the Summary Jurisdiction (Scotland) Act, 1908, empowers a court of summary jurisdiction, on a plea of guilty or on a finding of guilt, to order the forfeiture of "anv instruments or other articles" found in possession of an'accused "used or calculated to be of use in the commission of the offence". Until now, there has been no authoritative interpretation of the scope of this power. In the early morning of 5th June last, three Aberdeen men were observed in the act of salmon poaching on ground adjacent to the river Deveron, at a point about forty miles from the city. They were, some time later, intercepted by the Police while in process of returning to Aberdeen by motor-car. In the car were found implements commonly used by salmon poachers. The car was the property of one of the men. A prosecution, laid under the Salmon Fisheries (Scotland) Act, 1862, section 27, followed and, on the calling of the case in the sheriff court at Banff, a plea of guilty was tendered. Thereupon the prosecutor moved for forfeiture not only of the implements but of the car. In the absence of any express power of forfeiture in the Act he relied upon the general power contained in section 44 of the Act of 1908. The sheriff, having considered the wording of the section, ordered forfeiture of the implements but refused to order forfeiture of the car. The prosecutor appealed. Unanimously and without much difficulty, the judges of the High Court of Justiciary affirmed the decision of the sheriff. In their opinion, the import of the words used in section 44 was that "there must be a direct and particular connection between the use, actual or potential, of the article in question and the commission of the offence".


Introduction In medical science, progress towards the discovery of the etiology of a disease can often be traced through a series of stages, one of the most important of which is the development of a reliable system of classification of its observable manifestations. During the evolution of the modern concept of epilepsy, the separation of epileptic from hysterical attacks was made possible by Hughlings Jackson's description of the physiopathological basis of epilepsy (11). However, progress towards understanding the pathogenesis of hysterical disorders has been much less satisfactory, and little has been achieved in this area since the hypothetical mechanisms of dissociation and conversion were postulated by Janet and Freud respectively. Hysterical seizures, once studied intensively by authorities such as Charcot (11) and Freud (4), now receive little attention in the literature, although they are still encountered in clinical practice. In this paper four new cases are described. The objective is not to consider diagnostic issues, which are adequately covered in modern textbooks and other recent publications (3, 6). The assumption is made that there are patients who can be diagnosed as suffering from hysterical attacks in all four cases the diagnosis was


Introduction From the early days, we have invariably been interested in the world we live in, exploring, analysing, and altering it at our will. Humanity has gone a long way from caves to modern skyscrapers, aiming for ever greater heights. The power of human ingenuity has conquered the elements to reach the sky and beyond. Nowadays technologies allow us to build skyscrapers that totally change our idea of a modern world. Throughout the centuries brilliant engineers have been inventing more advanced and complex technologies, expanding our abilities. The Acropolis, St Paul's Cathedral, the Eiffel Tower and the Sydney Opera House are all marvellous buildings that have remained objects of admiration for historians, architects, and artists, as well as a source of inspiration for many generations. Even to the general public the structures appear breathtaking. The 21st century saw the dawn of super-skyscraper construction. The Shard, Taipei 101, the Princess Tower, the Abraj Al-Bait Towers, and the Shanghai Tower are just some of the outstanding examples the modern world can be proud of. Burj Khalifa, currently the tallest building in the world, crowns this list of our achievements (Figure 1.0) which keep attracting people, making them wonder how such structures could have been built.


We study the minimal realization of a low dimension SISO linear system in the max-algebra. We classify 3-rank periodic unit impulse response sequence {gi}0∞ into four categories according to their characteristic equations, and discuss the necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence of 3D minimal realization respectively.


Let V be a vector space with inner product (u, v) and norm u = (u, u) 1/2. We are given u ∈ V and a subspace˜V = span v (n) are linearly independent. We want to find p ∈ ˜ V such that u − p is minimal.


Based on change in the acceleration of the vehicle changes the running characteristic of the vehicle in the vehicle control apparatus, when the driving features will change as the acceleration has changed occurs, based on the running characteristics before the change presented immediately when the change in acceleration prior to adjustment will be changed change amount of the running characteristics (step S2).


Let $G$ be the unit distance graph in the plane. A well-known problem in combinatorial geometry is that of determining the chromatic number of $G$. It is known that $4\le \chi(G)\le 7$. The upper bound of 7 is obtained using tilings of the plane. The present paper studies two problems where we seek proper colourings of $G$, adding restrictions inspired by tilings:
Let $H(\epsilon)$ be the graph whose vertices are the points of ${\mathbb R}^2$, with an edge between two points if their distance lies in the interval $[1,1+\epsilon]$. We show that for small $\epsilon$, $0<\epsilon\le \frac{3\sqrt{2}}{4}-1$, we have $6\le \chi(H(\epsilon))\le 7$. This improves the result of Exoo and Grytczuk et al. that $5\le \chi(H(\epsilon))$ for small $\epsilon$.
Suppose that $G$ is properly coloured, but so that two solidly coloured regions meet along a straight line in some neighbourhood. Then at least 5 colours must be used.


Tuning the dimensionality of nanoscale materials is one route towards accessing exceptional and highly tunable properties [1-3]. An equally important approach involves the assembly of advanced hybrid architectures from discrete nanoscale components [4], often with different dimensionalities, compositions, and phases. The interfaces and interactions between these components gate the properties of the overall hybrid architecture and must be thoroughly understood to predict and design systems with new and emergent properties. In we drape MoSe2 monolayers over single-crystal silicon nanowires (NW). Both materials are grown The MoSe2 monolayers are mechanically robust Si NWs spanning micron-sized holes in standard TEM Under high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) characterization, we observe extensive and localized regions of strain in the region where the MoSe2 monolayers interface a facet of the 100 nm diameter Si NW. Near-field optical characterization reveals a photoluminescence (PL) peak characteristic of the expected MoSe2 "A" at 1.57 eV. Notably, our efforts reveal an anomalous PL peak at 1.38 eV that is localized to the aforementioned strained regions near the NW-monolayer interface To better understand and describe this peak's origins, we use aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM to determine the atomic structure of the MoSe2 near the Si NW. nm the of the 1.38 eV exciton from nanostrained interfacial


The present study aims to evaluate the geomorphic controls on the groundwater quality in the open wells located in Udupi district on the southwest coast of India. Ground water samples from a total of 225 observation wells were collected during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons for a period of two consecutive years. All the observation wells were open wells (dug wells) and were being used for domestic and agricultural purposes. The physico-chemical analysis were performed as per the Standard Methods


The programs described compute rater agreement and rater bias statistics with qualitative data. They also utilize techniques for (a) selecting the most reliable from a set of raters and (b) identifying those cases which are the most diflicult for raters to classify.


In this paper, ordered categorical variables are used to compare between linear and nonlinear interactions of fixed covariate and latent variables Bayesian structural equation models. Gibbs sampling method is applied for estimation and model comparison. Hidden continuous normal distribution (censored normal distribution) is used to handle the problem of ordered categorical data. Statistical inferences, which involve estimation of parameters and their standard deviations, and residuals analyses for testing the selected model, are discussed. The proposed procedure is illustrated by a simulation data obtained from R program. Analysis are done by using OpenBUGS program.


This paper proposes a Semantic Interoperability for Data Integration-SIDI framework to integrate information from heterogeneous databases of difference providers in the same domain. A framework is designed to incorporate with important procedures based on ontology and semantic web services technologies. The semantic web services annotation is imperative to cope with the semantic service discrepancies with the help of ontology. The research also proposes the ontology mapping technique to determine the correspondences between information concepts with semantic bridges description to automatically construct the semantic rule-based inference. As a result, the framework has been applied to the healthcare domain to enable semantic interoperability among independently developed health information system-HIS for integrating healthcare data.


Flood hazard and groundwater resource management in karst catchments require a better understanding of the groundwater/surface water interactions. Due to their high infiltration capacity, karst outcrops limit runoff production on hillslopes, but promote in the same time lateral gains to rivers due to fast transfers underground. This topic is a great challenge, as 30% of Europe is cover by such karst areas.

The aim of this communication is to present recent developments on the characterization of karst-river interactions through two main approaches: a spatial approach aiming at localizing karst areas promoting surface flows, and a temporal approach aiming at modelling lateral flows from karst units in rivers.

The first spatial approach is based on the GIS index IDPR (Index of Development and Persistency of River networks, developed by BRGM©), quantifying the hydrological connectivity to the hydrographic network. From the standard version of the IDPR over France (25 m resolution), we have compare IDPR calculations differentiating intermittent and perennial reaches of rivers in order to detect infiltrations zones that contributive temporary to rivers, as many karst units. Results show that the presence of large karst units promote infiltration, but also temporary runoff that illustrate fast groundwater flows to rivers during floods.

The second approach is a modelling framework based on the inverse problem for the diffusive wave model, to simulate lateral flow during floods on a river reach between two stations. Knowing the upstream and downstream hydrographs, the lateral one is simulating, given informations on the hydrological processes involved in the intermediate catchment (losses, gains, or both processes during flood events). A new development has been tested, by adding continuous solute data (electrical conductivity) in order to track the origin of the water during floods. Applying such approach on river reaches crossing karst areas is a new way to quantify river losses, river gains from surface runoff or groundwaters, characterizing localized recharge and aquifer drainage to rivers, respectively.

We propose to illustrate these two approaches through several case studies in France, where a better characterization of groundwater-surface water interactions and flood risk management are critical issues.


The paper has demonstrated the effect of dynamic coupling between a manipulator and ROV and has proposed a scheme to reduce it. The ROV dynamic equations and the modelling process for the manipulator, with basic hydrodynamic effects included, have been presented together, with the technique for combining the two dynamic models. Results have shown the dynamic interaction present when the ROV's state vector is not controlled causing unacceptable errors in the end-effector position when following a trajectory. The sliding mode control scheme was applied to the ROV's yaw angle and reduced the variation compared to the open-loop case. Significantly better results were achieved when the manipulator disturbance expression was included in the control law, and performance depended on the quality of the manipulator kinematic and inertial parameters. The method proposed forms part of an overall manipulator/ROV coordinated control scheme, which is envisaged as exploiting the increased kinematic envelope of the manipulator due to the extra degrees of freedom provided by the ROV.


We cultured human bone-derived mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)s (HMS0014:Yub621b) on a 3D collagen gel scaffold (Cellmatrix Type I-A) under non-inducing and inducing conditions in vitro. Conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed for studying turnover of the MSCs and extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold. The non-induced MSCs were fibroblast-like cells containing a variable number of membranous organelles and paraplasmic vesicles, and were characterised by elongated cell processes to ensheath reticular fibres; the Cellmatrix gel formed an interwoven fibrillar network in the ECM. Under inducing condition, MSCs were osteoinduced to differentiate into plurimorphic Ob-like cells extending thin elongated processes to make a cellular meshwork in the ECM scaffold. The fine structure study identified that osteoconduction was initiated with contact osteogenesis on the Cellmatrix collagen networks. A temporo-spatial replacement of fine Cellmatrix fibrils by collagen type I fibrils, and matrix vesicleand appositional collagen-mediated mineralisation were found in the ECM scaffold. Results from this study suggest that mature HMS0014 Ob-like cells actively regulate the microenvironment to deposit osteoid tissue by the guided bone regeneration method (GBR) concepts. Introduction Many previous in vitro studies of culturing mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)s on the titanium (Ti) dental implant (IP) have shown that MSCs differentiated into osteogeneic osteoblast (Ob)-like cells, which commenced osteoconduction in direct bone-to-IP contact (BIC) formation at substrate surfaces of the IP under induction conditions. The mature Ob-like cells were secretory cells exhibiting early bone cell phenotype and late-stage osteogeneic differentiation [1-3]. In a recent scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study, we have observed that small polygonal human bone-derived HMS0014:Yub621b (fibroblastlike MSC, bone, human; Riken BRC, Tsukuba, Japan) cells proliferated and differentiated into large flat and pleomorphic cells sending out many cellular processes to attach on titanium (Ti) discs within 180 min culture under osteoinduction [4]. Findings of our histochemical studies revealed that Ob-like HMS0014 cells were activated to initiate osteogenic response since day 1 and thereby mineralising tissue being markedly deposited with calcification loci between days 7 and 14 of experiment. In addition, we recognised that ECM mineralisation significantly progressed in particular in 3D cultures [1,4-6]. The establishment of BIC interfaces was osteoinduction of the pre-Ob cells followed by cement line sedimentation and appositional hard tissue growth to induce osteogenesis phenomena at the substrate surface of the implant [2,7-11]. Furthermore, there have many studies revealed that seeding osteogenic MSCs on 3D scaffold or IPs coated with collagen could enhance cell-biomaterial interactions to promote the growth, differentiation and osteoconduction on Ti dental IPs [1,5,7,1215]. We preliminary estimated that Cellmatrix Type I-A fibrillar component formed an interwoven scaffold network for hard tissue formation by MSCs to surround Ti-IP test samples [11]. In the present study, therefore, we performed a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination of HMS0014: Yub621b cells 3D-cultured with Cellmatrix Type I-A gel in vitro, and focused on turnover in Ob-like cells and mineralisation of the ECM scaffold. Materials and methods Immature HMS0014:Yub621b (fibroblast-like MSCs, bone, human; Riken BRC, Tsukuba, Japan) cells were filtrated, centrifuged, and then were incubated and maintained in POWEREDBY10 (GlycoTechnica Ltd., Sapporo, Japan) supplemented with 1% antibiotic-antimycotic agent (100units/mL penicillin + 100μg/mL streptomycin; Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan) in cell culture 75cm2 flasks (TPP, Switzerland) at 37°C in humid air with 5% CO2 for 72h. Tissue engineering of MSCs on 3D collagen gel scaffold 100mm plastic tissue culture dishes (IWAKI, Tokyo, Japan) were paved with Cellmatrix Type I-A gel (base layer), paved with a layer of cell clusters containing immature HMS0014 cells in Cellmatrix Type I-A collagen gel (top layer, cell layer), and then overlaid with POWEREDBY10 (added with ascorbic acid+βglycerophosphate+dexametazone; overlay medium) hence the cells were induced to different into osteogeneic Ob-like cells on the Cellmatrix scaffold in a 3D microenvironment (1×106cells/mL; humid 5% CO2/37°C, for 21 days) according to the "Collagen Gel Embedded Correspondence to: Michiko Nakatsuka, Department of Oral Anatomy, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan, Tel: +81-(0)72-864-3053; Fax: +81(0)72-864-3153; E-mail: email@example.com


As the energy focus shifts from fossil fuels to renewable sources and smart -grid technology, energy storage becomes a main requirement. Redox flow battery (RFB) technology has seen renewed interest for such a purpose in recent years [1, 2]. Several chemistries for flow batteries exist, such as all -vanadium, iron-chrome, and bromine-polysulfide [3]. One such technology is the all iron hybrid RFB [4]. This chemistry involves plating iron from Fe(II) on the negative electrode, and the Fe II/III reaction on the positive elect rode, for a nominal cell voltage of 1.2 V. Because the negative reaction occurs at -0.44 V vs. NHE, H2 evolution becomes a significant challenge, which can b e mitigated by raising the electrolyte pH above 3. This change in pH, however, presents a problem on the positive side of the battery as iron(III) quickly precipitates as Fe(OH) 3 at pHs greater than 2 [5]. This precipitation can be prevented through the use of complexing ligands within the electrolyte.


On the basis of existing theoretical and experimental data on discharge properties in a strong magnetic field, firm conclusions are drawn regarding the calculation of the electron temperature in the channel of a nonequilibrium magnetohydrodynamic generator.


The purpose of this paper is to introduce a new modified relaxed extragradient method and
study for finding some common solutions for a general system of variational inequalities
with inversestrongly monotone mappings and nonexpansive mappings in the framework of
real Banach spaces. By using the demiclosedness principle, it is proved that the iterative
sequence defined by the relaxed extragradient method converges strongly to a common
solution for the system of variational inequalities and nonexpansive mappings under quite
mild conditions.


A new kink diimide-dicarboxylic acid, 2,2-bis[4-(4-trimellitimidophenoxy)phenyl]diphenylmethane (BTPDM), was synthesized by the condensation reaction of bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]diphenylmethane (BAPDM) with trimellitic anhydride. A series of new poly(amide-imide)s were prepared by direct polycondensation of BTPDM and various aromatic diamines in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. The polymers were produced in high yield revealing moderate to high inherent viscosities of 0.80-0.89 dL.g -1 . Wide-angle X-ray diffractograms revealed that the polymers are amorphous. Most of the polymers exhibit good solubility and could be readily dissolved in various solvents such as NMP, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, pyridine, cyclohexanone and tetrahydrofuran. These poly(amide-imide)s have glass transition temperatures between 244-248°C and show 10% weight loss in the range of 453-469°C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The tough polymer films, obtained by casting from DMAc solution, had tensile strengths ranging between 82 and 95 MPa and tensile moduli ranging between 1.7 and 1.9 GPa.


Up to 50% of patients fail to take their medicine correctly and, in addition to this, over £230 million worth of medicines are returned to pharmacies each year for disposal. This article offers an overview of how, through promoting concordance, the prescriber can enhance patients' knowledge and understanding of their medicines and empower them to make the best possible use of their medication.


While teaching a foreign language to students, reading skills has great impact along with other skills such as listening, speaking and writing. Reading is about understanding written texts. It is a complex activity that involves both perception and thought. Readers typically make use of background knowledge, vocabulary, grammatical knowledge, experience with text and other strategies to help them understand written text. Through reading in a foreign language, the student enriches his knowledge, of the world around him/her. He/She gets acquainted with the countries where the target language is spoken. Reading develops students' intelligence. It helps to develop their memory, will, imagination. Generally, it has been observed that many teachers don't develop this skill in the students in the right way, and even provide little time for it. It is, therefore, necessary to work to know about reading skills and to incorporate them in in teaching practices. In this paper an effort will be made to analyze reading skills of the first-year students of the International Programming faculty of Samarkand State University.In order to do so the students will be provided reading materials Their patterns of difficulty, that affect their comprehension will be highlighted.


[1] Eschatology has been receiving renewed attention from Christian philosophers as a natural development of the revival of interest in philosophy of religion. The discussion has moved beyond issues related to generic theism and now engages distinctively Christian claims and doctrines, matters previously left to systematic theologians. Interest in hell and universalism is closely connected to some of the most central of Christian doctrines, in particular, the doctrine of salvation. Traditionally, most Christian theologians have rejected the idea of universal salvation. That is, they have held that some will be eternally damned, separated forever from the love of God and left to the misery of their sins. [2] The doctrine of eternal hell so understood is of interest to philosophers because of its connection to another large issue, namely, the problem of evil. Indeed, the doctrine of eternal hell is arguably the most severe aspect of the problem of evil, since by definition it is evil that is never redeemed. Consequently, those engaged in the project of theodicy have had to account for the doctrine of hell in their efforts to defend the perfect goodness of God in the face of evil. This has typically taken the form of trying to show that eternal hell is not in fact incompatible with God's perfect character and can be defended against moral objections that commonly arise. In current philosophical literature, a number of writers have appealed to libertarian freedom to make moral sense of the doctrine. In particular, it is argued that we have the freedom to reject God's love so the misery of hell is the natural consequence of being separated from him. God does not send people to hell on this account, but he will not override the freedom of those who choose to be separated from him. [3] More recently a number of philosophers and theologians have been advancing a different solution to this problem. In short, they deny that hell is eternal and affirm that all will be saved. Thus, in the end there will be no unredeemed evil. [4] The author of this book lends support to the growing trend toward universalism. Not insignificantly, the subtitle of the book is 'Are We Free to Reject God?' As Hall recognizes, how one understands the nature of freedom will have crucial consequences for how one conceives of hell. Not surprisingly, as we shall see, Hall rejects a libertarian understanding of freedom.


Since the mid-1990s, dozens of States, including those of the EU, have reformed their evidence laws so as to grant digital signature technologies the same proof value as handwritten signatures, as a mechanism for proving identity of authorship, consent to obligations, and integrity of electronic records after their transmission across time and space. Yet, several archival institutions (including the National Archives of Canada, Australia and France) have indicated they have no intention of preserving digitally signed records. This paper presents an overview of the development of the concept of digital signatures by the cryptographic research community, the process of its legal codification as evidence of contractual relations, and of its rejection by the archival community as a tool for long-term preservation of authentic records. The paper argues that acceptable definitions of "electronic authenticity" will emerge only when the relationships between technological solutions and social conventions are carefully articulated.


Objective
To analyze the expression levels of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets, T cells, B cells, natural killer cells (NK) and CD4-CD8-double negative T cells (DNT) in children with infectious mononucleosis (IM), and to explore the role of DNT in the pathogenesis of IM.

Methods
Total of 65 inpatient children diagnosed with IM in Suzhou Kowloon Hospital from December 1, 2017 to April 30, 2018 were collected, and another 65 healthy children were collected as controls.The expression of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets T, B and NK and DNT cells in children with and without IM were analyzed by flow cytometry.

Results
Compared with the healthy control group, the expression rates of total T lymphocyte (CD3+ T cells) and cytotoxic T cells (CD8+ T cells)in the IM group were higher than those of the healthy control group (t values were 4.60 and 4.74, both P values<0.05), and the expression rates of helper T cells (CD4+ T cells), B cells (CD19+ T cells), NK cells (CD56+ T cells) and CD4/CD8 ratio were significantly lower than those of the healthy control group (t values were 5.28, 2.57, 4.61 and 4.16 respectively, all P values<0.05). DNT cells expressed in both group were γδ- T cell receptor(TCR) type, and the γδ-TCR type DNT cells were highly expressed in children with IM, which was statistically different from healthy children(t=9.22, P<0.05).

Conclusion
The lymphocyte subsets in IM children were observed imbalanced and dysfunctional.Meanwhile, there was a high expression level of the γδ-TCR type DNT cells in children, which may provide a new method for laboratory diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis.

Key words:
Infectious mononucleosis; T cell subsets; CD4-CD8- double negative T cells


Abstract The electrochemical behaviour of the R-nitroso salt in 0.5 M HAc/NaAc at pH 4.7 is studied by cyclic voltammetry. The compound shows a very sharp reduction peak at -0.37 V vs SCE giving the corresponding amine derivative. The height of the peak is shown to be inversely proportional to the iron (II) concentration of the solution. A linear calibration plot is obtained between 0 and 56 ppm of iron (II) using, initially, 4.0 mM solution of the salt. A simple and fast procedure was developed for the analysis of standard samples of ferrous iron.


The cognitive networks can increase the spectrum utilization efficiency by allowing the Secondary User (SU) to occupy the licensed frequency of primary user (PU). The movement of PU may leads to an intermittent end to end path for SU during the communications, which may affect the routing performance. So it is important to analyze SU's stochastic properties to optimize the routing design. The previous work in term of PU mobility mainly focuses on its impact on the spectrum sensing. While in this paper, we aim to study the PU mobility in term of routing design, and study the stochastic properties including the hitting time, meeting time, contact time and inter-contact time under the random direction mobility model by combining with the new features of the cognitive networks technologies. We derive the closed-form expressions for these properties and observe that the mobility will increase the spectrum occupancy time to improve the throughput of SU because mobile nodes are hard to encounter others, and we get that the routing design of cognitive networks should carefully choose the transmission range of SU to reduce the contact time and enlarge the hitting time and meeting time to improve the routing stability.


S Economics changes need changes in the educational system EU, including all members are involved in a process of a new high education system. The goal is to have an harmonized system both undergraduades and postgraduades. The traditional paradox University-Society has the opportunity to move to a new system more profitable in order to became a region leader in knowledge and competitivess. In this escenary, Case Method could be a powerful tool, that need to be knew and spread.


Counterfeit consumption has recently attracted considerable attention as the number of counterfeit products keep rose up year by year. The study purpose is to identify the important factors influencing Malaysian Generation Y's purchase intention towards counterfeit luxury brand products. For this study, the researcher chooses four elements which consist of attitude toward counterfeit product, subjective norms, behavioral control, and financial control. The findings of the study show that all four organizational elements have significant relationship with purchase intention. Based on the results, the researcher found that the most significant variable that influenced Malaysian Generation Y's purchase intention towards counterfeit luxury brand products is behavioral control. The researcher suggests that the government should take serious action to solve this issue.


The utility model discloses a forklift steering axle, comprising an axle body, a connecting rod, an oil cylinder, a knuckle and a wheel hub. The axle body consists of an axle plate which is connected integrally with a bearing seat, a supporting shaft and a rib plate. The axle plate is arranged vertical to the ground plane of the working position of a forklift. The bearing seat is fixedly connected with the edges of the upper and the lower corners on left and right two ends of the axle plate. The supporting shaft is penetrated through a hole in the center part of the axle plate and is connected with the axle plate. The reinforcing rib plate is symmetrically distributed on both sides of the supporting shaft and is fixedly connected with the supporting shaft. The reinforcing rib plate is vertical to the lateral face of the axle plate and is fixedly connected with the axle plate to form an angle iron shape. The forklift steering axle of the utility model has advanced structure, so the resistance to deformation is greatly strengthened, and the performance and the service life of the forklift are raised. The structure simplified, so the forklift steering axle has good processing property and low material consumption, and the manufacturing cost of the axle system is decreased by 30%.


An efficient modem is introduced for system applications which favor differential detection techniques. In differentially detected controlled transition PSK (DCTPSK), pulse-shaping techniques are used to achieve bandwidth and power efficiency in nonlinear channels. The baseband waveshapes, eye diagrams, and signal space diagram of DCTPSK are given; its bit error rate performance is calculated and its power spectral density is obtained. In a multicarrier adjacent channel interference environment, the compact spectrum of DCTPSK enables it to utilize the available bandwidth and power more efficiently than some well-known modulation techniques such as DQPSK and DMSK.


This paper reports a study on the impact of "Lesson Study" on primary mathematics teachers' instructions in Brunei Darussalam. The purpose was to determine whether Lesson Study had a positive impact on teachers' instructions. Quantitative data were collected from; checklists from four research lesson classroom observations, and teachers' questionnaire that was distributed to 28 practitioners and qualitative data were collected from interviews, reflective journals and the study of lesson plans. From the results, four pathways were identified in which teachers' instructions had indeed improved, 1) Lesson plan development had broadened teachers' content and pedagogical knowledge; 2) Observation of students' learning helped teachers to be more conscious and sensitive towards students' learning needs and difficulties; 3) The development of teachers' self-confidence, teaching skills, questioning skills and classroom management skills; and 4) Feedbacks from peers and 'knowledgeable others' had made them more aware of the weaknesses and strengths on their own teaching.


Normal spectral intensities of resistively heated preoxidized ZrB_2–30 mol% SiC–6 mol% B_4C specimens were measured in the 1–6 μm and ∼1100–1500 °C ranges. Using Wein's displacement law, the temperatures of these specimens were determined, in turn permitting calculation of normal spectral emittances using Planck's law. Spectral emittance data were affected by absorption/emission of H_2O/CO_2 gases; total emittances were determined from the averages of data in spectral ranges devoid of gaseous interference. Total emittances decreased from 1.0 at 1100 °C to 0.8 at 1500 °C. This trend is consistent with the behavior expected of a dielectric coating.


The work is oriented to test a didactic proposal using social networks as a catalyst to generate teaching-learning processes in Excel functions, analyzing the academic performance of 32 students of the Subject "Informatics" in the Industrial Engineering Program at the University Foundation of Huila - CORHUILA. The students presented difficulties in the appropriation of contents, abilities, skills and motivation, prioritizing other interests and non-academic activities, thus becoming a problem, rather than a solution. A pretest was carried out in order to define an initial diagnosis; videos and images were given so that each teacher reinforced concepts and assigned activities based on information selection, analysis capacity, pertinence and relevance of the participations in forums through Facebook. The process evaluation defined by the post test showed that there is a gain of knowledge and that its use allows enhancing communication, participation and interaction of the students.


Lie group classification for a diffusion‐type system that has applications in plasma physics is derived. The classification depends on the values of 5 parameters that appear in the system. Similarity reductions are presented. Certain initial value problems are reduced to problems with the governing equations being ordinary differential equations. Examples of potential symmetries are also presented.


Davies' interesting review of the possibilities and methods of deriving new knowledge from bibliographic databases has implications for key factors in the design of such databases. These factors include coverage and retrieval.


In many instances, appellate courts defer to lower courts and administrative agencies; the appellate court allows the other agent's decision to stand even though the appellate court has strong reason to believe that decision incorrect. We provide a model in which such deference is rational. Our model is set in a two-dimensional case space. One dimension reflects "global" facts that are known to everyone; the other dimension reflects "local" facts that are known only to the trial court or agency. The appellate court has a preferred legal rule or partition of the case space into two sets of cases: those decided "1" or "plaintiff prevails" and those decided "0" or "defendant prevails." The initial decision maker may, with some probability, be biased in the sense that it thinks a different partition is best. A one-period model identifies the basic tradeoff the appellate court faces between granting discretion to a potentially biased trial court or agency and ruling as a matter of law. Deference risks that a biased agent will decide the case wrongly from the appellate court's perspective. Ruling as a matter of law on the basis of global facts only ignores local facts and also risks error. The degree of deference granted balances these two risks. Intuitively, the model shows that cases where the global facts are inconclusive are the ones where the grant of discretion is most valuable. We then extend the model to two periods and investigate the relationship between trial court or agency reputation and the standard of deference. Counter-intuitively, we find that close or hard cases in period 1 are the ones that reveal the most about the underlying preferences of the trial court or agency. As a result, these cases are the most valuable to


In this paper, an efficient new on-line lossless compression algorithm is presented to encode image VQ. The proposed coding technique exploits the correlation of neighboring index-pairs not in the original vector-quantized index map but in the principal index-pattern table which is generated from the two dimensional histogram of index-patterns in the training stage. Simulation results indicate that the new algorithm improve coding efficiency without introducing any extra loss of information. Moreover, the new algorithm is simpler and more efficient.


Starting from the historical development of the Chinese writings in vernacular, this paper illustrates the issue of half literate and half vernacular of modern writings. It also analyses many examples shown in the Chinese textbooks of junior middle schools and points out the modality and standardized roles which should be played by the Chinese textbooks in the historical development of Chinese writings in vernacular. The writings can make the later generations know the lively oral Chinese from the written language of modern Chinese,on the other hand it can help the junior middle school students to understand the classical Chinese writings in the vernacular Chinese textbooks.


The magnesium oxide slurry made of magnesium gydoxide powder and dolomite was used to treat the radioactive wastewater bearing uranium leached by acid. The method have good effect on removing uranium. Under the appropriate condition, the content of uranium in wastewater was reduced to 0.05mg/L and pH was controlled in the range of 6 to 9, which meet the demands of the state environmental protection. The procedure is very simple and the removal ratio of uranium is high.


The middle-road policy, the one which the political parties between Chinese Communist Party and National Party took, was incisively interpreted by many middle-road democrats. Zhang Dongsun's idea, which took form in the 1920s and became mature in the latter part of 1940s,has more peculiar contents and characteristics.


The study seeks to establish covariates of neonatal mortality in Kenya. The main study objective was to establish factors that influence neonatal mortality in Kenya. Data for this study was drawn from the Kenya Demographic and Health Survey (2003). National Council for Population and Development and the Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) carried out the KDHS, with technical assistance from macro-international incorporated of Claverton Maryland (USA). USAID/Nairobi and DFID/UK provided financial assistance. Survival analysis has been used to asses the association between the dependent variable and each of the explanatory variables. The study was confined to 5949 children born alive to the sample of women in the 3 years preceding the survey. The variables used in the study included: socioeconomic, socio-cultural and bio-demographic factors. Results obtained from the life table indicate that the risk of death during neonatal period is highest immediately after birth (0-<l day). During the first 6 days neonatal mortality remains high but decreases sharply to lower levels. The results conform approximately to the expected reversed J shaped mortality pattern. It is evident that from the findings that maternal education, wealth index, mother's region, mother's ethnicity, her religion, her marital status, mother's age at birth, preceding birth interval and birth order were significantly associated with the risk of neonatal death. However, mother's type of place of residence though associated with the risk of neonatal deaths was found not significantly associated with neonatal mortality in both models. The results of this study support the hypotheses that the risk of death decline with the increase in the numbers of formal schooling. Neonates born to mothers with no formal education faced substantially higher risks of neonatal death in comparison with the


The current study shows that the main cause of accidents in MRI is lack of knowledge about contraindicated referrals resulting into projectile (flight path) accidents. Similar findings were reported in other studies also where the main cause of accidents were due to projectiles that are not permissible and completely contraindicated in MRI. The study shows that there is need for proper training amidst nurses and war-boys. There is need to educate the staff about basics of MRI as this would be helpful in decreasing the cases of accidents. After numerous studies based on the topic related to MRI safety, it is revealed that most of the accidents happened because of the negligence and inattentiveness behaviour of the workers. a large number of accidents can be prevented if they had proper knowledge. There must be workshops and seminars organized for the staff especially for nurses and ward-boys about caring and safety of patients and also about the safety protocols to be followed while going for radiological examination once in a month. Safety related posters indicating the contraindications (like coins, ATM cards, pins, keys, etc.) for MRI must be displayed. A safety officer must be employed to regularize safety protocols in Radiology Department and also to ensure safety for patients as well as staff at the ground level (9).


Complex product design, manufacturing, and service are the key elements of a product's life cycle. However, the traditional manufacturing processes of design, manufacturing, and service are independent of each other, so lack deep integration. The emergence of digital twins offers an opportunity to accelerate the integration of complex product design, manufacturing, and services. For intelligent manufacturing, physical entity and virtual entity transformation can be realized through digital information. A collaborative framework for complex product design, manufacturing, and service integration based on digital twin technology was proposed. The solutions of process integration, data flow, modeling and simulation, and information fusion were analyzed. The core characteristics and key technologies of service-oriented manufacturing, design for service and manufacturing, and manufacturing monitoring based on the deep integration of the digital twin were discussed. Finally, the feasibility of the framework was verified by a self-balancing multistage pump manufacturing case. The performance of the upgraded pump under the framework was tested, and the test results proved the effectiveness of the integrated framework.


Professor Bayarri and coauthors' paper (hereafter, PBIC) offers a stimulating and welcomed addition to the already extensive and yet still rapid expanding literature on model selection and related topics. In a 2013 review on model selection in linear mixed models by Müller, Scealy, and Welsh (2013), the authors classified main approaches in mixed model selection into three categories, the information criteria, the shrinkage methods and the fence methods. The current paper is not specifically regarding mixed model selection problems; however, as one shall see, there is a connection in various ways. The paper focuses on a special case of the information criteria, namely, the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and its extensions. In this regard, two other references may be mentioned, in addition to those cited by the authors. One is the δ-BIC method of Broman and Speed (2002), in which a tuning constant, δ, is multiplied to the logarithm penalty to improve finitesample performance; the other is an extended BIC proposed by Chen and Chen (2008), which allows the number of covariates to increase with the sample size. The current paper has noted a number of problems with general use of BIC. Some similar notes were made regarding not just BIC but the information criteria in general by Jiang, Rao, Gu, and Nguyen (2008) in the context ofmixedmodel selection. Among the problems mentioned in both papers is the so-called effective sample size (ESS). The issue was naturally raised in Jiang et al. (2008) because the latter authors were concerned with correlated observations. Intuitively, when the data are correlated, the ESS is smaller than the total number of observations due to the 'redundancy' in the data that each data point does not bring as much new information as an independent data point. Take a look at an extreme case where n data points are so correlated that they are identical; obviously, in this case the ESS should be 1, rather than n. Another example, given in Jiang et al. (2008) (also see Jiang & Nguyen, 2015), is a linear mixedmodel, whichmay be viewed as a two-way extension of the group mean model discussed extensively in PBIC. In the linear mixed model, the observations, yij, satisfy yij = x′ ijβ + ui + vj + eij, i = 1, . . . ,m1, j = 1, . . . ,m2, where xij is a vector of known covariates, β is a vector of unknown regression coefficients (the fixed effects), ui, vj are random effects, and eij is an additional error. It is assumed that ui's, vj's and eij's are independent such that ui ∼ N(0, σ 2 u ), vj ∼ N(0, σ 2 v ), eij ∼ N(0, σ 2 e ). It is well-known (e.g., Hartley & Rao, 1967; Harville, 1977; Miller, 1977) that, in this case, the ESS for estimating σ 2 u and σ 2 v is not the total sample size, n = m1m2, but m1 and m2, respectively. Now suppose that one wishes to select the fixed covariates, which are components of xij, under the assumed model structure using BIC. It is not clear what should be in place of n in the log(n) penalty (it does not make sense to let n = m1m2).Note that them1,m2 as the ESS for estimating σ 2 u , σ 2 v , respectively, can be interpreted intuitively – they are the numbers of appearance of the uis and vjs, respectively, in the model. In general, the ESS for correlated data is somewhere between 1 and n, the sample size (this is also noted in PBIC), but exact quantification of ESS is difficult. In PBIC, the authors consider independent, rather than dependent data; still, they show that the ESS issue arises, when it comes to estimating different parameters. More importantly, the authors are able to quantify the ESS, in a certain way. I wonder if the quantification has some general, intuitive explanation, as in the special examples discussed above. By the way, the notation ni , used to denote the ESS for estimating the ith group mean in the group mean model, might cause some confusion as being the eth power of ni; perhaps, ne,i is a better notation? Another problem, noted both in PBIC and in Jiang et al. (2008), is how to reasonably count the number of (free) parameters, or the degrees of freedom associated with the parameters. In this regard, Ye (1998) introduced the generalised degrees of freedom, which, in particular, is not necessarily an integer. This is similar to ESS, which can also be a non-integer. As noted, there is an extensive literature in model selection, even if one focuses attention on BIC extensions. Furthermore, even though most of these extensions are proven to be consistent, finite-sample


Since the implementation of English as the sole official language, a number of language attitude and usage studies have been conducted in Namibia. In the 1990s, Putz revealed positive attitudes towards the English language; Afrikaans L1 speakers, however, mostly preferred their mother tongue, regarding it as more prestigious. All participants typically used English in formal and their home languages in informal situations. My empirical pilot studies (2010, 2013, 2015) showed nearly the same results as the pilot study by Buschfeld and Kautzsch (2014). They added an identity investigation, stating that most participants identify linguistically and culturally with their L1, not with English. The term 'identity' and its link to language will be analysed. Then, the contrasting notions of the German-speaking and the Afrikaans-speaking group will be examined. Moreover, the possibility of nation-building in a multilingual society, i.e. "unity in diversity", and the coexistence of multiple identities will be discussed.


Th e current study starts from the fact that the right to education – a fundamental human right – should be organized in such manner as to ensure equal opportunities for all persons. First of all, it refers to the prohibition of all forms of discrimination. Even though national and international regulations may state this clearly and in both general and specifi c terms, the right to education and its eff ective application remains a problem for certain categories of persons. Th e arbitrary separation of children with disabilities in special schools, the maladjustment of schools generally in meeting the needs of persons with disabilities and even the unavailability of special forms of education, remain realities in some states. In this context, the current study refl ects on the way in which the right to education is guaranteed for persons with disabilities, focusing on the Romanian legislation and advocates the inclusive education of


This study takes an attempt to discuss utility maximization policies. The property of a commodity that enables it to satisfy human wants is called utility. The sensitivity analysis is included in the operation to show optimal policy of an organization. This study deals with four commodities and two constraints, such as budget constraint, and coupon constraint. The economic predictions of future production are necessary for the sustainable production. In the study Lagrange multipliers technique is applied to operate 6×6 bordered Hessian and 6×10 Jacobian appropriately. The sensitivity analysis between commodity and total budget are discussed with detail mathematical analysis.


The pattern reconfigurable antennas are a major group under reconfigurable antennas. A meta‐surface is proposed to provide radiation pattern and polarization reconfigurability. Yagi‐Uda array antenna works as an end‐fire pattern antenna that uses mutual coupling between the elements to produce a unidirectional pattern. One method of reconfiguring an antenna is through modification of the feeding of the antenna system. Mechanically controlled antennas make another group of reconfigurable antennas. In these antennas, the structural features of the antennas are mechanically changed to change antenna radiation properties. Reconfigurable arrays and reflect‐arrays are of particular interest since they usually occupy a large volume and having the same physical setup for work for multiple purposes can save space and cost dramatically. Wearable and implanted wireless devices are other applications of pattern reconfigurable antennas. The chapter discusses some examples of various designs and methods of implementation of pattern reconfigurability.


The increasingly available electronic math contents demand a suitable search engine to help users search and retrieve. However, the unique structural syntax and the variety of semantic equivalences of mathematic expressions make it a challenge for a keyword-based text search engine to effectively meet the users' search needs. Many existing math search solutions focus on exact search where the notational matching determines the relevance rank, while the structural similarity and mathematical semantics are often missed out or not addressed adequately. One important research question is how to effectively and efficiently find math expressions that are similar to a user's query, and how to do relevance ranking of hits by similarity. This paper focuses on (1) conceptualizing similarity between mathematical expressions, (2) defining metrics to measure math similarity, (3) utilizing those metrics for math similarity search, and (4) evaluating performance to validate advantage of the proposed math similarity search. Our results show that the performance of Math-similarity search is superior to that of keywordbased math search.


This text is dedicated to dealing with some of the disputes that took place in the process of constitution and institution of public memories of the city of Cascavel - PR. Such versions on the local past are present in several places of memory, but specifically, we selected two works - one of  memorialistic and the other historiographical literature - that denote these conflicts, namely, "Cascavel, the History", by Alceu Speranca, and Vander Piaia's "Earth, Blood and Ambition: The Genesis of Cascavel". In order to do so, we seek to analyze the works by reference to the themes of the founding myth, elaborated to establish the origins of Cascavel, and the conceptions of urban heritage they disseminate. It should be pointed out that, in relation to the origins of the city, the disputes between  local versions of the analyzed past become more visible, since while one of the works presents the formulation of a constitutive narrative of the foundation myth, the other aims to undertake such plot.


or prevents angina in many instances, but Russek, Naegele, and Regan (1950) and Russek, Zohman, and Dorset (1955) have shown that the exercise electrocardiogram is not improved and the benefit of alcohol has been attributed to its psychological effect. In these and similar studies little attention has been paid to the dose of alcohol, its rate of absorption, and the blood levels attained. Several haemodynamic studies of the action of alcohol exist. With a few exceptions they have been carried out on healthy anaesthetized dogs or heart-lung preparations and, though detailed, the results are often conflicting. Thus coronary sinus flow has been shown to rise (Lasker, Sherrod, and Killam, 1955; Ganz, 1963) or fall (Degerli and Webb, 1963; Leighninger, Rueger, and Beck, 1961). Cardiac output probably declines though again there is no unanimity (Degerli and Webb, 1963). A fall in arterial pressure may occur (Willard and Horvath, 1964); and Moss, Chenault, and Gaston (1959) have demonstrated unusual vulnerability to surgical shock, but in the main little change has been noted. In many cases alcohol has been given intravenously and by this route high blood levels are quickly reached, even with moderate dosage. Clearly, the application of the findings of such experiments to patients with heart disease must be cautious. The present study, therefore, examines the haemodynamic consequences of a drink of alcohol in patients with coronary heart disease and includes observations on blood alcohol concentrations.


Objective
To investigate the effect of perioperative secondary thoracotomy on the risk of thrombosis in patients with thoracic trauma.

Methods
A retrospective case control study was conducted on the clinical data of 175 patients with thoracic trauma who underwent thoracotomy from January 2000 to December 2016. According to whether the patients underwent secondary thoracotomy, they were divided into secondary thoracotomy group (36 cases) and the control group (139 cases). In the secondary thoracotomy group, there were 25 males and 11 females, with age of (65.4±5.5)years and thoracic abbreviated injury score (AIS) of (3.8±0.6) points. In the control group, there were 98 males and 41 females, with the age of (64.6±5.3)years and thoracic AIS of (3.7±0.8)points. The ICU stay, thoracic drainage, bed rest time, and the incidence of thrombosis in two groups were compared, and the levels of endothelin (ET-1), D-dimer aggregation and platelet were measured. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the impact of secondary thoracotomy on the risk of thrombosis.

Results
Compared with the control group, patients in the secondary thoracotomy group had longer ICU stay [(4.2±1.4)d ∶(1.8±1.0)d](P<0.01), more thoracic drainage [(1 550±250)ml ∶(635±184)ml](P<0.01), and longer bed rest time [(5.4±1.6)days ∶(1.5±0.9)days](P<0.01). There were significant differences in levels of ET-1 and D-dimer aggregation between two groups (P<0.01). There was significant difference in platelet count after 5 days (P<0.01). Twelve cases of deep venous thrombosis (33%) occurred in the secondary thoracotomy group, of which six cases died of thrombus related complications. Eight cases (5.7%) of deep venous thrombosis occurred in the control group, all of which recovered (P<0.05). In multivariate analysis, ET-1 (OR=7.46, 95%CI 4.53-11.06, P<0.05), D-dimer aggregation (OR=4.28, 95%CI 2.65-8.37, P<0.05), and platelet count (OR=1.13, 95%CI 0.56-1.98, P<0.05) were independent risk factors for thrombosis events.

Conclusions
Perioperative secondary thoracotomy increases the risk of thrombotic events. ICU hospitalization, thoracic drainage, and bed time are associated with thrombosis events. ET-1, D-dimer aggregation, and platelet count are independent risk factors for thrombosis events.

Key words:
Thoracic injuries; Perioperative period; Surgical procedures, operative; Thrombosis


In this experiment,effects of substances from raising maggot on disease-resistant of balsam pear blast disease were studied through incubating maggot with culture medium combined with pot experiment.The results showed that incidence of blast disease decreased significantly when the experiments were treated with the substances obtained from tissue plasma of maggot,the extract of maggot dejecta,residuals of feed for the maggot and maggot dejecta,respectively,when any of which were applied in soil.There were some differences between those treatments.The rates of diseased plants from treatmentsⅠ,Ⅲ and Ⅴ were accounted for 17.7%,31.1%,37.0% respectively and the diseased situation index accounted for 13.1%,53.1%,39.6%,respectively,compared with the control.Even tissue plasma of musca maggot,the extract of maggot dejecta,residuals of feed for the maggot and maggot dejecta,all of the mentioned above showed resistance on balsam pear blast disease and some of them exhibited highly antimicrobial activity.Both tissue plasma of musca maggot and the extract of maggot dejecta were capable of inhibiting the growth of hypha of pathogenic germs.


Recurrent Neural Network, Long Short-Term Memory, and Transformer have made great progress in predicting the trajectories of moving objects. Although the trajectory element with the surrounding scene features has been merged to improve performance, there still exist some problems to be solved. One is that the time series processing models will increase the inference time with the increase of the number of prediction sequences. Another lies in which the features can not be extracted from the scene's image and point cloud in some situations. Therefore, this paper proposes an Obstacle-Transformer to predict trajectory in a constant inference time. An ``obstacle'' is designed by the surrounding trajectory rather than images or point clouds, making Obstacle-Transformer more applicable in a wider range of scenarios. Experiments are conducted on ETH and UCY data sets to verify the performance of our model.


The amount of change of volume of concrete automatic measuring apparatus, which relates to technical field parameter measurements concrete. It is not yet overcome accurate measure automatically and continuously during the hardening of concrete volume change device. Its support (1) of the vertex (1-1) abuts on Ping Heng beam (2) at the end face (2-1) of the middle, the right weight counterweight (6) is sleeved on Ping Heng beam (2) the upper end of the hanger (5) is connected to the left end of Ping Heng beam (2), the concrete sample (8) disposed sealing rubber film (4) is then disposed in the hanger (5), and then fully immersed in a vessel ( among the liquid surface of the right upper 3-1) in the 3, tension sensor (7) is connected to the base support (1), measuring (7-1) the force of the tension sensor 7 is connected to Ping Heng beam (2 ) on the right side surface of the lower end, the thermometer is immersed in the liquid 9 (3-1). The present invention can automatically and continuously, accurately detect the amount of change in volume of the concrete specimen during hardening.


AIM: To investigate the effect of Changankang Capsule (Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Coptidis, Flos Lonicerae, etc.) on acute inflammation and immune function in mice. METHODS:Swelling ears induced dimethylbenzene and capillary vessel increase permeability induced by acetic acid, 2,4 diniitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was adoptedas mouse model. extent of swelling ears, lymphocyte proliferation and the Tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1 β in serum were observed. RESULTS:Changankang had significantly anti inflammation in mouse's acute inflammatory model and could inhibit swelling ears and lymphocyte proliferation, decreased the level of TNF α, but made little iufluence on IL 1β change. CONCLUSION:Changankang Capsule has the effect on anti inflammation and inhibitory effect on the DTH. Its action mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the production of TNF α.


The dynamics of radioactive cesium ( 134 Cs plus 137 Cs) during rice cooking were investigated to examine the effect of rice bran removal ratio on the distribution of radioactive cesium in the cooked rice fraction. The removal ratios of bran used in this study were 0, 30, 50, 70, and 100%. The radioactive cesium in brown rice, pre-cooked rice, cooked rice and washing water were measured with a germanium semiconductor detector. Processing factor ( Pf , ratio of radioactive cesium concentration in processed materials to raw materials) and food processing retention factor ( Fr , ratio of radioactive cesium content in processed materials to raw materials) were calculated. The Pf values for cooked brown rice and cooked polished rice were 0.43 and 0.25-0.26, respectively; and the Fr values for cooked brown rice and cooked polished rice were 0.95 and 0.62-0.64, respectively. Both Pf and Fr values for cooked brown rice showed significantly higher levels than those of polished rice; however, the increase of removal ratio from 30% to 100% had no significant effect ( p < 0.05) on Pf and Fr values for cooked rice. From these results, rice polishing contributes to the removal of radioactive cesium during rice cooking; however, differences of bran removal ratio, even from 30% to 100%, had little effect on the dynamics of radioactive cesium during rice cooking.


This study addresses relationships between perceived maternal, paternal, and teacher acceptance and behavioral control, and adolescents' psychological adjustment, school conduct, and academic achievement in Estonia. A total of 224 sixth graders respond to 3 self-report measures. Adolescents' school conduct and grade point average (GPA) are reported by teachers. Study findings show that girls' psychological adjustment was predicted by their perceptions of both maternal and paternal acceptance, whereas boys' psychological adjustment was predicted only by their perceptions of maternal acceptance. Perceived paternal control emerge as the only significant predictor of boys' school conduct problems, whereas girls' school conduct is predicted only by perceived teacher acceptance. Academic achievement of the adolescents is not significantly related to either perceived parental or teachers' behavior.


Regarding the need for lecturers to upgrade their competence in making use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and internet in their teaching practices in 4.0 era as stated in The Teachers and Lecturers Act No.14/2005, this study aims to investigate the use of internet application for teaching students in the university level. More specifically, this study is intended to find out the kinds of internet applications used by lecturers in Universitas Brawijaya in their teaching practices. This study employs a mixed-method resulting in qualitative and quantitative data. Data are collected using questionnaires distributed to 137 young lecturers with an age range of 30-40 years representing 16 faculties at Universitas Brawijaya. Then, it is continued with interviews in the form of Focus Group Discussion (FGD) to capture further information related to the use of the applications. The results show that Google Classroom has been used by most of the participants. Then the other kinds of internet applications used include Kahoot.com, Edmodo, Virtual Learning, EdPuzzle, Email, Moodle, WPLMS, Youtube, Google Form, Blog, Turnitin, Quissis, Classmaker, and Schoology. In relation to the limitations of the present study, future researchers are recommended to investigate the implementation of each of the applications to find out its effectiveness in helping students learn the subject-matter being taught. Moreover, further research related to students' perceptions in the use of the above-mentioned applications is important to be done. Also, investigating the use of internet-based applications for students in different grades and levels of education is still an interesting area to be studied further


On plate iv. of the "Fauna Boreali-Americana," Kirby gives a figure of the ♀ of the above species. In June, 1878, while collecting at the Godbout River, Lower St. Lawrence, I captured two males of this species, both on the same day. While Alypia Langtonii, Couper, were abundant in the same locality, no other specimens of A. MacCullochii were seen.


Vibratory mills are applied in processes of mechanical production of powders, micropowders, nanopowders and nanostructures. The paper comprises a description of tube mills operation: vibratory and rotary-vibration ones. It also presents their application and construction description including two industrial mills elaborated at the AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow. There is also a brief analysis of existing models of mechanical vibratory mills. The main part of the paper deals with a model of mechanical vibratory mill known as a layered model. The most important element is a quantitative view of the load movement (grinding media with material) in the chamber. The model also takes into account the whole mechanical system of the mill i.e. inertial vibrator, vibro-isolation system and drive. The model was elaborated for the purposes of the mill computer simulation. During the simulation there were accepted the same technological (grinding media, ground material, grinding process) and kinematic parameters of the mill as the ones that occur in a real object i.e. the laboratory rotary-vibration LAMOW-B-5/2 mill. The paper includes results of a computer simulation of the model. The final part of the work verifies the computer simulation on the same mill and at the same kinematic and technological parameters of the mill and grinding process. Positive results of the verification indicate some possibilities of its application in designing of industrial and laboratory vibratory and rotary-vibration mills.


Abstract Life history data for Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer) were collected in the laboratory. To consider both sexes and variable developmental rates among individuals, the raw data were analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) for A. gifuensis is 0.264 d−1. The mean parasitism rate is 92.3 aphids per female. The intrinsic rate of increase for M. persicae is 0.252 d−1. For applying the female age-specific life table to a female population, we prove that the relationship between the mean female fecundity (F) and the net reproductive rate (R0) is R0 = saF, where sa is the preadult survival rate. When the female age-specific life table is applied to two-sex populations, the relationship between F and R0 is R0 = sawF, where sa is the preadult survival rate of females, and w is the female proportion in offspring. This is valid when w is a constant for the age-specific fecundity (mx) of all ages. Because sexing preadult individuals is difficult, and obtaining a constant sex ratio in offspring is uncertain, determining preadult mortality of the individual sexes may be problematical. As a result, calculations of the age-specific survival rate (lx) and fecundity and population parameters may be adversely affected. Moreover, if lx and mx are constructed based on adult age, they may also cause errors in population parameters. Because the application of female age-specific life table to stage-structured bisexual population results in inaccuracies, we recommend that the age-stage, two-sex life table should be used in insect demographic studies.


The strategy for resources-based cities to transform their industries has two forms,conducted by market or by government.If by market,!it means personal or private groups carry out,by their spontaneity,the tourism industry,depending upon the natural environment quality.If by government,it means governments make policies on tourism to turn the black impression into green theme development model.This paper analyzes the factors for resources-based cities to transform their resources industry into tourism industry,discusses the drives of the recycling economy in tourism industry in resources-based cities and presents the strategy.


SYNTHESIS 2009, No. 2, pp 0318–0324xx.xx.2008 Advanced online publication: 19.12.2008 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1083296; Art ID: Z21208SS © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York Abstract: This study introduces a highly preorganized self-immolative spacer that is coupled to a nonfluorescent leaving group. The water-soluble compound can rapidly liberate a water-insoluble fluorescent precipitate by intramolecular attack of a free amine on a phenolic ester group via a six-membered transition state. One of the crucial steps in the synthesis of this molecule was a sterically very unfavored nucleophilic substitution to create a tertiary ether; this was optimized using model compounds. Another key challenge was deprotection by catalytic hydrogenation at low temperatures in order to furnish the hydroacetate of the free amine without further fragmentation. LC-MS and fluorescence studies showed that this compound collapsed instantaneously in methanol, as well as within a wide pH range in buffered aqueous media.


The field plot experiment was carried out to explore the effect of balanced fertilization on maize yield, economic benefits, nutrient absorption and apparent soil nutrient balance in Jilin province. The results showed that, compared with farmers' practice treatment, maize yield was increased 2.3% to 3.1% by balanced fertilization treatment in the reduction of nitrogen 17%-37.7%, phosphate 39.2%-48.7%. The total amount of nutrient uptake and fertilizer use efficiency has increased by OPT treatment, in which nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake increased 12.3-25.4 kg/ha, 0.8-2.9 kg/ha and 2.8-4.5 kg/ha respectively, fertilizer use efficiency increased13.7-19.6 percentage points. The result also showed, the nutrient balance coefficient of N, P and K were 0.92-1.11,0.83-0.96, 0.67-0.77, which were much more better than farmer' practices, so application rate of fertilizer with balanced fertilization was more reasonable and practices in maize production.


We present an algorithm for selecting exemplars for native-to-nonnative voice conversion (VC) using a Sparse, Anchor-Based Representation of speech (SABR). The algorithm uses phoneme labels and clustering to learn optimal exemplars when source and target speakers are affected by poor time alignment, as is common in in native-to-nonnative voice conversion. We evaluate the method on speech from the ARCTIC and L2-ARCTIC corpora and compare it to a baseline exemplar-based VC algorithm. The proposed algorithm significantly improves synthesis quality and more than doubles that of a baseline exemplar-based VC system while using two orders of magnitude fewer atoms. Additionally, the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the VC error and improves the synthesis quality as compared to unoptimized SABR models. We discuss the implications of both optimization algorithms for SABR and broader exemplar-based VC systems.Index terms should be included as shown below.


The invention relates to a multi-dimensional force/torque sensor. The multi-dimensional force/torque sensor comprises a mounting assembly and a conduction assembly which is accommodated in and abuts against the mounting assembly; the mounting assembly includes an upper cover and a lower cover which are fixed to each other; the upper cover and a lower cover are respectively provided with a first end surface; the first end surfaces of the upper cover and the lower cover are opposite to each other; a cavity and four recessed portions communicated with the cavity are formed in the first end surface of the upper cover and the first end surface of the lower cover respectively; the conduction assembly includes a cross frame and a plurality of pressure induction components attached to the cross frame; the cross frame includes four arms which form a cross; each arm includes four side surfaces which are not perpendicular to a plane formed by the central axis of the cross frame; one induction component is attached to the four side surfaces respectively; the cross frame is accommodated in the cavity of the upper cover and the cavity of the lower cover; each arm is accommodated in a corresponding recessed portion; when the cross frame is stressed, the cross frame tends to move relative to the upper cover and the lower cover; and the upper cover and the lower cover block the cross frame, so that the cross frame can be prevented from moving relative to the upper cover and the lower cover, and will apply stress to the induction components attached to the cross frame.


1.
This study describes the development of an index for assessing stream habitats in northern Portugal at a variety of spatial scales and levels of perturbation. In developing the index, 86 environmental variables, including regional and local ones, were used to reflect the geomorphological characteristics, riverine habitat, and human activities occurring in each basin.

2.
Collections of benthic invertebrates were made at each sample site. To reflect the observed variation in assemblages, the streams were separated into two categories: the North-west catchments and the Douro catchments.

3.
Multivariate analysis techniques applied to the physical and biological data sets allowed the determination of the relative importance of local and regional environmental descriptors in the discrimination of the invertebrate assemblages.

4.
Successive statistical refinement procedures yielded 10 variables, all at the local scale. Variation along disturbance gradients allowed the development of a habitat index through scoring criteria that separated reference sites from stressed sites.

5.
The results indicate the reduced impact of catchment factors by a buffering influence probably resulting from the presence of a riparian corridor.

Copyright © 2005 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.


Spinel ferrites are commercially important materials due to their excellent electrical and magnetic properties. Mixed metal spinel ferrites, essentially with low hysteresis loss and small particle sizes, have found new applications in areas like biosensors, drug delivery systems, and hyperthermia. The electrical conductivity, which gives credible information about conduction mechanism, is one of the important properties of ferrites. The order of magnitude of conductivity greatly influences the dielectric and magnetic behavior of the ferrites and depends on the preparative method. The present work deals with investigations into electrical, dielectric and thermo power parameters of CoxZn1-xFe2O4 ferrite nano particles synthesized by co-precipitation method. The effect of variation of the cobalt concentration in the sample on transport properties of nano ferrites has been analyzed.


The aim of this study was to select suitable teaching-learning strategies to improve students' performance in Calculation Based Pharmaceutical Courses (CBPCs). The criteria selected were a quantitative analysis of student performance during the course presentation, appropriateness of prerequisites and student feedback on the appropriateness of teaching tools. The study was carried out on first-year students of the undergraduate pharmacy program. The survey results proved that, teaching aids/techniques are extensively affecting students' performance, literacy and skills in calculation based educational environment. After implementing the planned teaching-learning strategies, most of the students were able to achieve the course level intended learning outcomes. This was evident through the analysis of their grade point average in the final examinations of CBPCs. Unquestionably, numerical literacy is considered as one of the prime competencies for pharmacists. Therefore, the effective methods of teaching for the course delivery and designing integrated course prerequisite were found significantly affecting students' performance and achievements in CBPCs.


Though not members of the same &dquo;class&dquo; and status groups, sociologists, nevertheless, have produced innumerable works and analyses of blue-collar workers, the poor and others of &dquo;low&dquo; social rank. Comparatively speaking, they have been only minimally concerned with elites, the wealthy, managers and well-trained white-collar workers. Much is known about those to be controlled, managed, manipulated or exploited, and more such knowledge is daily being produced. Being an element of


Although institutional theory has strongly advanced our understanding of organizational form emergence, it is unclear how resource-poor entrepreneurs create novel forms. Based on an inductive study...


advantage of its union's concentration on centralized bargaining to change practices in the workplace. The major contributions of this book lie in the descriptions of the day-to-day operations of labor relations in the individual enterprises, including data on rates of grievances, arbitrations, and the like. The editors' premise that informal mechanisms-consultation, conciliation, and negotiation-often are more important than legally required systems is borne out. Since comparative volunmes usually concentrate on setting out national structures and patterns, companyand plant-level data are a welcome addition to the literature. The book's lack of integration and analysis is regrettable. Each chapter essentially stands alone. No effort was made to integrate even the chapters treating one nation. The cross-sectional data presented are suitable for comparative analysis, yet none is attempted. Instead there is a series of descriptions to be connected by the reader. The common outline did not generate any hypotheses or theoretical propositions. The introduction consists mostly of definitions of terms, plus a few hesitant references to trends observed in the in(Iividual chapters. Given the caliber of' the authors and their opportunity to meet, there was potential for a greater contribution to theories of disputes settlemenit han this book attempts. Still, the case stu(dies may provoke further research of the same genre to provide a better understanding of the impact of national legislation and structures on behavior in the plant and enterprise.


Abstract Chief Superintendent Andrew Pratt examines the development of community policing and its role in combating terrorism in the UK. British policing used to combat terrorism arising out of the political conflict in Northern Ireland was unprepared for the very different style of terrorism of Islamic extremists. Reflecting on his experience working with the Asian community in Blackburn, CS Pratt reveals how his initiatives arising from his commitment as a Christian evolved new forms of community policing. He challenges Church and society to engage with cultural difference. Alistair Ross who conducted the interview adds some further theological reflection on these complex issues.


The Hague Conference in 1904 passed a Convention on the conflict of laws relating to the effects of marriage on the personal relations between spouses and their matrimonial property relations.1 In the latter respect the national law of the husband at the time of marriage became the principal connecting factor, a limited scope was given to the autonomy of the parties and the principle of mutability (infra) was applied in case of change in the national law of both spouses. The Convention was signed on 17 July 1905 and ratified by 9 states, three of which have subsequently denounced it. Minor changes were made at the Hague Conference in 1928 but never came into force.2 Conflict of laws in marital property relations attracted new interest in the 60's and a number of proposals for new rules were made both at international congresses and in national law reform work.3 The Twelfth Session of the Hague Conference, in 1972, adopted a proposal to discuss at the following session the question of the law applicable to matrimonial property. A Special Commission set up to prepare the work met twice during 1975 and, on the basis of extensive material on the national laws of the member countries collected by G. Droz, Deputy Secretary General of the Conference, it prepared a draft for submission to the Thirteenth Session together with the report of Professor A.E. van Overbeck.4


iOS 7 contains many updates to users, one of them is related to establishing a geofence function on whose leaving reminders are automatically activated. However, the application allows us to establish a geographic area when we set a reminder, and when...


Concomitant HCV infection and iron overload are responsible for increased risk of chronic liver disease (CLD) in thalassemic patients. Liver biopsy remains so far the gold standard to assess histological activity and iron burden, although it is an invasive method poorly accepted by patients and it can not be repeated regularly. MRI ferriscan is a good tool recently introduced to estimate hepatic and cardiac iron load but it does not allow to evaluate the tissue liver damage. Transient Elastography (TE) is a new non-invasive device that measures liver stiffness (LSM) and assesses liver damage, namely fibrosis and cirrhosis. TE use in thalassemic patients is still limited, thus the aim of this study was to evaluate LSM by TE in a cohort of adults affected by Thalassemia Intermedia (TI) in order to assess the liver damage. Ninety consecutive TI patients followed at a single Italian tertiary Thalassemia Care Center in Milan were enrolled in this study. Eighteen patients (20%) were regularly transfused, 28 (31%) occasionally transfused, 44 (49%) never transfused. No one patient was on regular chelation treatment. Table 1 summarizes the demographic, clinical and laboratory features at time of TE evaluation. Table 2 describes TE results based on transfusion regimen, ferritin levels and HCV-RNA positivity. Moreover, splenectomy (p=0.014) and cholecystectomy (p


In quantum mechanics it is necessary to consider in detail the properties of certain vectors whose components are linear operators. Two components of the same or different vectors do not in general commute. The manipulation of such vectors is facilitated by a set of formulas modified from those of the usual vector analysis. If A and B are two non-commutative vectors (A = Axi + Ayj + Ask), the commutators [Am, B.] = AmBn B,,Am connecting the components of A and B transform like the components of a dyadic; hence it is convenient to write


A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) study has been conducted to analyze the efficiency of the newly designed drag-driven Torque Wind Turbine (TWT). Specific objectives of this study are the analysis of the flow field around one blade of the turbine fixed in a static position, and the generation of the power and torque coefficient curves for a single rotating blade. The commercial software Ansys Fluent was used to perform the simulations adopting the SST k-ω turbulence model. A single blade of the turbine offers a maximum power coeffi- cient around 0.065 at a tip speed ratio ranging from 0.45 to 0.55 depending on the wind speed.


Previous studies have documented the important association of non-polio enterovirus (E) isolation with SS in young infants. These studies relied on tissue culture alone to identify E. We utilized a double-antibody, solid-phase EIA for CA, in addition to standard methods, in the evaluation of 45 patients <3 months of age admitted to NCMC for SS from 6/1 to 10/31/83. No patient had an obvious focus of infection, abnormal chest roentgenogram, or history of previous antibiotics. 38 patients had a rectal temperature ≥37.8°C on admission, 4 were febrile by history, and 3 were evaluated for lethargy. Blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and rectal swabs were collected from all patients and urine from 39 for routine bacterial studies. CSF from 42 and nasopharyngeal, throat and rectal swabs from all patients were plated on rhesus monkey and human embryonic kidney cells for viral isolation. Echovirus (8), coxsackie-virus (10), untyped E (2) and parainfluenza (1) were identified by culture and CA antigen was detected in an additional 5 patients. All of the 26 patients with proven viral infections were suspected of having bacterial infections on clinical grounds and 25 were treated with anitbiotics despite negative bacterial cultures. These data support a major role for E in SS in the summer and fall. Further evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests for viruses and their role in preventing unnecessary antibiotic administration are warranted.


This article examines how third-party candidates influenced the 2000 presidential election. Copyright (c) 2003 by the Southwestern Social Science Association.


To undertake a feasibility randomized controlled trial of supported self‐management vs treatment as usual in a population of adults with obesity, Type 2 diabetes and an intellectual disability.


Carbanions are one of the most important reagents in synthetic organic chemistry. They act as a carbon nucleophile to form a carbon–carbon bond as a consequence of the highly polarized carbon–metal bonds (C M). The properties of polar carbon–metal bonds in a carbanionic species depend on the metallic counterpart, such as lithium, magnesium, copper, and zinc. The first two organometallic compounds directly attack the carbonyl group of a,b-unsaturated ketones, whereas the latter two react by 1,4-addition (conjugate addition). In contrast to the rich chemistry of carbanions, there is a limited number of examples of boryl anions. We recently reported the first synthesis of boryllithium 2a as a boron


With an attitude of practicality,gentlemen in ancient China used to think sensibly and behave prudently,thus destined to suffer from the fate which bore the lack of sense.Such fate of intellectuals is displayed through their poems,the essence of which is unanimously about man's destiny.The 19 ancient poems are a collection of masterpiece of that age,and their roots can be traced to Confucianism that determined the fate of intellectuals and led to the culture of poetry.


Urban landscape irrigation is becoming increasingly important from a resource management point of view. Significant water use savings may be achieved if landscape irrigation is based on reference evapotranspiration (ET o ). This study measured landscape crop coefficients (K L ) for landscapes that are comprised of different vegetation types and irrigation water quality differences affecting K L . The K L was determined from the ratio of actual evapotranspiration to the ET o calculated from the modified Penman-Monteith equation. Irrigation quantity was based on 100% replacement of ET o . The K L values were determined for the following landscape vegetation on a fine sandy loam: St. Augustinegrass [Stenotaphrum secundatum (Walt.) Kuntze.], a single shumard red oak (Quercus shumardii Buckl.), St. Augustinegrass plus red oak, native grasses [Muhlenbergia capillaries (Lam.) Trin. and Schizachyrium scoparium (Michx.) Nash], and native grasses plus Red Oak in both College Station (CS) and San Antonio (SA), TX. Soil was systematically placed into lysimeters containing a drainage system and soil moisture probes. Lysimeters (1136 L) were placed in-ground in a randomized complete block design with three blocks. Soil moisture measurements were made at 0- to 20-, 20- to 40-, and 40- to 60-cm depths. The K L was determined after a rainfall or irrigation event for periods of 2 to 5 days. During the combined growing seasons of 2007 and 2008, K L in SA increased from early, to mid, to late season. In CS, the K L was unaffected by plant treatment or season. The St. Augustinegrass treatment K L seasonally ranged from 0.45 to 0.62 in SA. In CS, soil sodium accumulation caused decreased K L . These results of K L for mixed-species landscapes on non-sodic sites trend toward seasonal values of 0.5 to 0.7 for irrigation decisions in southern Texas. Landscape coefficients can be used as a tool in irrigation decision-making, which could contribute to water savings in amenity landscapes.


The energy coupling rate during welding of Al-Mg-Si alloys with a CO2 laser and a Nd:YAG laser was measured calorimetrically. The coupling rate obtained with the Nd:YAG laser was higher than that with the CO2 laser for both heat conduction welding and keyhole welding. The coupling rate for CO2 laser welding changed steeply at the transition from a heat conduction welding state to a keyhole welding state. Coupling rates under the keyhole welding state match the Gouffe-Dausinger model that determines the coupling rate based on the weld depth and focal spot size. This model includes a constant figure that is dependent on laser beam absorptivity to molten metals and plasma in the keyhole. It is thought that the coupling rate in the heat conduction state depends on the absorptivity of the laser beam to molten metals. Absorptivity to plasma in the keyhole also affects the coupling rate in the keyhole welding state.


The digital image technology is used to extract the leaf color features and shape features.A generalized regression neural network is employed to determine its grade,and by analyzing different features' influence on parts and color,we got some decisive features to parts and color respective,and get final grade by creating different neural networks.


The present invention relates to a carbon containing as a main component, a carbon film C is formed on a soft base material 4, characterized in that the carbon A and C is split into a plurality of areas B, each region (block) is enclosed together A crack the average area of 0.15 × 10


We enumerate topologically-inequivalent compact Calabi-Yau threefold hypersurfaces. By computing arithmetic and algebraic invariants and the Gopakumar-Vafa invariants of curves, we prove that the number of distinct simply connected Calabi-Yau threefold hypersurfaces resulting from triangulations of four-dimensional reflexive polytopes is 4, 27, 183, 1,184 and 8,036 at $h^{1,1}$ = 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. We also establish that there are ten equivalence classes of Wall data of non-simply connected Calabi-Yau threefolds from the Kreuzer-Skarke list. Finally, we give a provisional count of threefolds obtained by enumerating non-toric flops at $h^{1,1} =2$.


problems of introduction and development of Islamic banking instruments in Russian economy due to the presence of both economic and social and legal factors. It describes the advantages of using these financial instruments both from the point of view of ensuring sustainable economic growth and from the point of view of social development of the state. The experience of CIS countries in the implementation of Islamic banking operations is considered, and the dynamics of assets and liabilities of the leading banks of Kyrgyz Republic and Republic of Kazakhstan before and after the regu-lated transition to the use of these financial instruments is analyzed.


Research in NPD has identified a number of organisational practices associated with supporting organisational creativity and innovation including frequent and open communication, cross functional work, building organisational slack, the implementation of high involvement schemes, attitude to risk and top management commitment. Using a single case study approach, this paper explores the challenges associated with the implementation of such organisational practices in the R&D department of a large telecommunication company. Challenges include sequential involvement of functions in the team, broken communication between different teams, management attitude to resource constraints, short term pressures due to dynamic market, and limited management support for the implementation of idea generation schemes.


INTRODUCTION Baraṣ (vitiligo) is an acquired pigmentary disorder, characterized by milky, white, hypo-pigmented, sharply demarcated macules. [1] It affects about 0.5% to 2% of the world population, [2] and is prevalent more than 8% in some regions of India. [3] It has a familial incidence of 25 to 30%. [4] It is psychologically devastating and frequently recalcitrant skin disorder. [5] It is mostly seen in the 2 nd


The human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) regulatory gene, tat III, is a powerful fra/is-activator of gene expression from the viral long terminal repeat and is essential for HIV replication. In addition, tat III protein has been shown to be immunosuppressive as indicated by the inhibition of antigen mediated T-cell proliferation. To further test whether tat III might play a direct role in the immunosuppressive effects of IIIV1 in addition to its role in virus replication, we examined the regulation of interleukin 4 (IL-4) receptors on a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line (Raji) transfected with HIV-1 tut gene (Raji-faf III). We used radioligand receptor binding analysis for cell surface expression and Northern blot analysis for the expression of human IL-4 receptor gene in Raji-taf III cells. Control Raji cells expressed 1383 ±361 (SE; n = 3) IL-4 binding sites/cell with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 144 ±27 pM (n = 3). However, Raji-faf III cells expressed about three times higher IL-4 receptors (4000 ±633 IL-4 binding sites/cell; /' < 0.03 compared to Raji cells) with a similar Kd of 273 ±90 pM (n = 3; P > 0.05 compared to Raji cells). Whereas both Raji and Raji-raf III cells exhibited a single niRNA species (approximately 4 kilobases) of IL-4 receptors by North ern blot analysis, the mRNA level was about 3-fold higher in Raji-rar III cells compared to Raji cells. Cycloheximide inhibited the expression of IL-4 receptors by 50% in about 2 h in both cell types indicating both the half-life of IL-4 receptors and the requirement for protein synthesis for the tat III up-regulation of IL-4 receptors. Since IL-4 under certain circumstances has been shown to be immunosuppressant, our observation that the HIV-1 tat gene up-regulates IL-4 receptors suggests the possi bility that the immunosuppressive effects of HIV-1 are mediated at least in part through IL-4 receptors.


Received October 19, 2010 Revised December 30, 2010 Accepted January 17, 2011 Address for correspondence Jung Ho Bae, MD Department of Otolaryngology, Mokdong Hospital, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 911-1 Mok-dong, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 158-710, Korea Tel +82-2-2650-2847 Fax +82-2-2648-5604 E-mail email@example.com The nasal problems following facial paralysis could be due to nasal obstruction and asymmetric change of the mid face contour. They can occur because of the collapse in the alar sidewall of the adjacent soft tissue ptosis and the loss of intrinsic dilator naris tone. A number of procedures including face-lift are available to correct this problem. We present the case of a 52-year-old woman with unilateral nasal obstruction and mid face asymmetry after Bell's palsy. The site of nasal obstruction was nasal valve area that weakened secondary to facial paralysis. We used lateral suspension technique to correct nasal valve collapse by providing a lateral vector of pull on the nasal sidewall and nostril. Battery-operated Stryker drill and the Mitek drill bit were used for suspension. Immediately after operation, nasal obstruction and facial asymmetry were released. This procedure was simple and highly effective for correcting nasal valve collapse. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2011;54:239-41 Key WordsZZNasal valve ᆞFacial palsy ᆞLateral nasal valve suspension.


The issue of gender equality occupies a central place in global policy discourse on education, human and social development. Gender equality in education has several dimensions.


In this paper I prove existence of an irreducible pair of operators $H$ and $H+V,$ where $H$ is a self-adjoint operator and $V$ is a self-adjoint trace-class operator, such that the singular spectral shift function of the pair is non-zero on the absolutely continuous spectrum of the operator $H.$


Hierarchical Ni@C hollow spheres composed of dispersed Ni nanoparticles confined in carbon shells were readily synthesized for efficient CO2 methanation.