It is 8 a.m. on a December morning in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India. The day has just begun at Bhagawan Mahavir Vikalanga Sahayata Samithi (BMVSS), a nonprofit organization dedicated to fitting the disabled with artificial limbs (Figure 1). Slowly, patients from across India and neighboring countries gather in the center?s front yard. By the end of the day, more than 35 people will make a long journey back to their homes and communities outfitted with a new prosthetic leg or arm that will promise them a more active and functional future. The entire treatment is free.


In this paper the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation of a random vector is applied to the problem of symbol detection for CPM signals transmitted over time-selective Rayleigh fading channels. This results in a soft-in soft-out (SISO) detection algorithm suitable for iterative detection/decoding schemes. Simulation results show that the error performance provided by the proposed solution is very close to that of a MAP detector endowed with an ideal knowledge of the channel state.


Editor's Note: In last month's "Dispensing Solutions" column, Pamela B. Fritz left off with a discussion on space allocation for the MD dispensary (see Ophthalmology Times, July 15, 2003 issue, Page 42). There are several other considerations in determining proper space allocation.


The invention provides an array substrate, a display device and a driving method thereof, belongs to the technical field of liquid crystal display and can solve the problem that existing in-cell touch display devices are complex in manufacturing process. The array substrate comprises grid lines and data lines, multiple pixel units in array distribution are formed by surrounding of the grid lines and the data lines, each pixel unit comprises a common electrode and a pixel electrode, each common electrode comprises a touch driving electrode, each data line comprises a touch sensing electrode, and the touch sensing electrodes and the touch driving electrodes are insulated mutually. Common voltage is applied on the touch driving electrodes at a display stage while touch scanning signals are applied on the same at a touch stage, and data signals are applied on the touch sensing electrodes at the display stage while the touch sensing electrodes generate coupling signals and output the same in the touch stage.


This paper addresses the optimization of a micro-grinding process using compressed air to minimize specific grinding forces and surface roughness while maximizing specific material removal rate (MRR). The design-of-experiments (DOE) approach and response surface methodology (RSM) are introduced to obtain the optimal grinding conditions. In the DOE approach, a central composite design approach is used for experimental design. Micro-grinding experiments are conducted, and the experimental results are used to obtain response surface models of specific grinding forces and surface roughness in terms of depth of cut, feed rate and air temperature. Multi-objective optimization is then conducted by introducing desirability functions, and the optimal values of depth of cut, feed rate and air temperature are obtained for minimum specific grinding forces and surface roughness and maximum specific MRR. The experimental results under the optimal grinding conditions are similar to those estimated from the response surface models, and thus the validity of the models is verified.


Contem: 1. The insularity of the letter. 2. The bilingual typography of Macau. 3. Conceptual framework and multilingual experience in the territory of Macau. 4. Characterization of the multilingual graphic identity - typographic and calligraphic - of Macau. 5. Typography, calligraphy and letterpress as departure points for visual fieldwork and graphic background research and conceptual framework


Open educational resources (OERs) are increasingly adopted in non‐formal education contexts. However, little research has been conducted to investigate the self‐directed learning patterns of non‐formal learners using OERs. A lack of knowledge about non‐formal learners precludes discussions on how to support their self‐regulated learning in open learning environments. We explored the self‐directed learning patterns of 1892 non‐formal online learners who were using OER repositories. In addition, we examined whether differences existed in future intentions to use OERs between learners with different learning patterns. Four latent classes were identified, and learners' age was found to affect class membership. We also found that non‐formal learners' use of self‐directed learning strategies predicted their future intentions to use OERs. This study advanced our understanding of the subpopulations of non‐formal learners using OERs. Future research will benefit from the findings related to designing OER environments that can accommodate diverse self‐directed learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


Two-dimensional Bi 2 S 3 networks have been fabricated through a soft chemical route, which is first developed for fabrication of chalcogenide 2D networks without the assistance of any templates or catalysts. The aspect ratio of Bi 2 S 3 nanorods in the 2D networks can be kinetically controlled and tuned by adjusting the experimental parameters, which offers promise for extending their applications in nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices. Experimental investigation of their assembly behavior suggests that either the oriented attachment or natural growth along a special crystallographic plane is of importance for the tectonic arrangement of Bi 2 S 3 nanorods into 2D networks.


This paper investigates the effect of blockholders and board structure into stock liquidity in Tunisian market. We use five measures of liquidity in order to detect the multidimensionality of liquidity: immediacy cost, price impact, trading frequency, trading speed and total transaction cost. Results show that blockholders, insiders or outsiders, reduce trading speed, while ownership concentration and board characteristic effect on liquidity depend on liquidity dimension considered. Insider ownership concentration enhances price impact. Outsider ownership concentration induces a high trading activity. A large board size improve firm transparency reduces transactions cots. A high proportion of outsider directors increase trading speed.


This article brings to light the results of a study undertaken on two textile objects which, according to tradition, are identified as the scapular and the tunic that belonged to the Dominican habit of Princess Santa Joana. Considered relics since the death of the princess (1490), they were stored in 1701 in a specially designed reliquary chest made of silver and crystal. The whole investigation was carried out on archival sources and published literature related to the worship of Princess Santa Joana, which begun immediately after her death. In order to contextualize the historical objects and their function, a brief introduction about the importance and meaning of the relics is made, while individualizing the worship of the relics in the Jesus de Aveiro Convent – especially those directly related with Princess Santa Joana. Therefore, this article gathers the conclusions achieved with the collected historical information and from the thorough examination of the textile objects.


In this technical note, an analytical expression for the collector efficiency factor (F') has been derived which is based on energy balance equations of a compact N built in storage cum flat plate water heater. Effects of various water heater parameters namely the fin efficiency factor (F), tank spacing (W), an absorber thickness (8), spacing between an absorber and the glass cover (Lg), the operating temperature range etc. on the collector efficiency factor (F') have been studied. The collector efficiency factor (F') depends significantly on the number of tanks in the water heater.


MRI 111. MRI Cross-Sectional Anatomy I. 2 Credits. Introduces the normal appearance of anatomical structures of the head, soft tissue neck, spine and lower extremity in normal planes. Enables students to differentiate between normal and abnormal anatomical structures. Primary focus is MR appearance of anatomy but includes correlation with anatomical drawings and CT anatomy. Department permission is required.


The motivation of designing asynchronous memory arises from the recent development of asynchronous processors. As different from the conventional design, the proposed asynchronous static RAM can: (1) communicate with other asynchronous systems based on a four-phase handshaking control protocol; and (2) generate the read/write completion signals with increased average speed by the variable bit-line load concept. The techniques investigated include (1) dual-rail voltage sensing completion detection for read operation and (2) multiple delays completion generation for write operation. In this paper, the performances of these techniques are evaluated for 1 Mb memory with four regions of bit-line segmentation. The simulated and measured results are presented and compared.


Summary 'Flammability' means different things to different people. Scientifically, it can be defined through three component variables that describe how well the fuel ignites (ignitibility), how well it burns (combustibility) and how long it burns (sustainability). The 'fuel' may be a plant organ, a whole plant or a plant community. While the terms ignitibility, combustibility and sustainability have been developed for laboratory studies, there are conceptual equivalents suited to the field; these are rate of spread, intensity and residence times. Another variable is added for field circumstances—probability of burning at a point. Eucalypt forests can be highly 'flammable' even considering all criteria and scales, while Australian forests in general show the whole range of variation from low ('closed forests' or 'rainforests') to high (e.g. relatively short stringy-barked open forests of Eucalyptus with abundant wiregrass). The expression of flammability depends on the local circumstances. In the field this can be summarised in terms of weather, terrain and ignition. Predicting how much potential forest fuel, and the attributes of that fuel, will be involved at any particular time, and under extreme weather conditions, remains a challenge. How social, climatic and fuel-species' changes will affect flammability, directly and indirectly, in the next 50–100 y is uncertain but potentially very significant.

http://svc043.wic023v.server-web.com/pdf/pdf-members/afj/afj 2005 v68/afj june 2005 68-2/03gillv3.pdf


not require physicians to join a single medical group.&dquo; Employer's Health Protection Plan was five years in preparation, during which time the company consulted with many people on how to keep the long-standing fee-for-service arrangement and how to incorporate many variations of physician practice from solo to clinic. The planners also wanted an arrangement that would &dquo;have the potential for producing the favorable results achieved by the closedpanel type of HMO, particularly in re' ducing hospital use.&dquo; The Health Protection Plan provides complete coverage of all inpatient and outpatient care. The only major limitation is an annual $5o deductible on over-the-


Aim. Analyze the role of diet in the process of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and identify factors that correlate with a decrease in the pathogenic consequences of the COVID-19 disease.
Materials and methods. The information and data required for this review were found in scientific publications and the media available on the Internet, as well as obtained from statistical databases using specific keywords, both for a single tag, and in various combinations of them. Statistical samples were managed from sources and facts available on the Internet.
Results and discussion. The relationship between nutritional factors and the impact of the 15-month COVID-19 pandemic in different regions was investigated using various available statistics for five continents and 47 countries. A clear relationship was found between the prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and the amount of food consumed, with correlations in the negative range r = -0.98 and r = -0.66 for plant proteins and with a correlation coefficient r = 0.92 for animal proteins. Also, excessive sugar consumption increases the severity of COVID-19 with correlation coefficients in the range of r = 0.99-0.72.
Conclusions. Quantitative analysis of statistical data and an assessment of nutritional factors during the development of a 15-month pandemic in various regions showed that the severity of the infectious process of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the COVID-19 disease was aggravated by excessive consumption of sugar, fat and total protein. The number of people infected with the virus or deaths from COVID-19 per 100,000 inhabitants was radically lower in regions where more plant foods were consumed than products of animal origin.


: Based on the concept of "student-centered", a flipped classroom blended teaching "theoretical model" is formed that is guided by course objectives, organically combines video autonomous learning, experimental training exercises, case analysis and discussion, and research report writing; Based on the course objectives, this paper explore a flipped classroom blended teaching "practical path" that integrates pre-class knowledge learning, in class presentation and discussion, and post class expansion and improvement; Based on the concept of "exam learning", this paper develop and implement a flipped classroom mixed "formative" assessment system that combines online and offline, and unifies groups and individuals with the concept of "breaking down the whole into parts, saving and withdrawing from the whole".


RoadRunner is a dynamic analysis framework designed to facilitate rapid prototyping and experimentation with dynamic analyses for concurrent Java programs. It provides a clean API for communicating an event stream to back-end analyses, where each event describes some operation of interest performed by the target program, such as accessing memory, synchronizing on a lock, forking a new thread, and so on. This API enables the developer to focus on the essential algorithmic issues of the dynamic analysis, rather than on orthogonal infrastructure complexities.
 Each back-end analysis tool is expressed as a filter over the event stream, allowing easy composition of analyses into tool chains. This tool-chain architecture permits complex analyses to be described and implemented as a sequence of more simple, modular steps, and it facilitates experimentation with different tool compositions. Moreover, the ability to insert various monitoring tools into the tool chain facilitates debugging and performance tuning.
 Despite RoadRunner's flexibility, careful implementation and optimization choices enable RoadRunner-based analyses to offer comparable performance to traditional, monolithic analysis prototypes, while being up to an order of magnitude smaller in code size. We have used RoadRunner to develop several dozen tools and have successfully applied them to programs as large as the Eclipse programming environment.


The"face" is an ancient concept of abundant Chinese phrase.it is so familiar with us in everyday life that we can't make a clear distinction between right and wrong.In the last few years,the scholars of Hong Kong,Taiwan and mainland conclude the phenomenon-face,favor and relation in Chinese society to abstract these to be one of most important research realm of the social psychology.The text will introduce face study's theories,latest progress and outlook the breakthrough


DRAM has become the most practical memory device in computing systems due to its high capacity, low latency and low cost characteristics. However, ultra-high-capacity DRAM devices are also a critical power consumption source for the computing system. Power reduction in DRAM devices is highly dependent on process technology development and sophisticated design capabilities. However, these approaches are limited in the cost sensitive DRAM industry. To reduce the power of the DRAM, we focus on the data bus, which accounts for a significant portion of the dynamic power. This paper proposes a simple and effective technique to reduce the dynamic power of the DRAM device by managing the data bus. This technique groups several adjacent data bus lines and adds control signals. When the data in the group is a specific pattern, that is, when all the data is 0 or is completely inverted compared with the previously held data, the control signal is activated instead of the data bus line. We experiment with a full system simulator GEM5 to evaluate the proposed technique. As a result, the proposed technique reduces the average dynamic power consumed in the data bus by


The article examines how Christmas relates to issues of management and organizational analysis. Particular attention is given to the novella "A Christmas Carol" by Charles Dickens as the author looks at how the story points to the societal role of Christmas in relation to the impact of industrialization as well as social and economic issues.


some of the knowledge/data that is stored. In a paper entitled: &dquo;Design of a CLOS Version of Active KDL: A Knowledge/Data Base System Capable of Query Driven Simulation,&dquo; Krys Kochut, John Miller, and Walter Potter of the University of Georgia, described &dquo;Active KDL,&dquo; as a comprehensive knowledge/data language and objectoriented knowledge/database system designed to support query driven simulation. In their approach, active objects respond to queries either by retrieving stored data, by inferring additional conclusions from the stored data using heuristic rules, or by deriving new information from simula-


PURPOSE Current office blood pressure measurement (OBPM) is often not executed according to guidelines and cannot prevent the white-coat effect. Serial, automated, oscillometric OBPM has the potential to overcome both these problems. We therefore developed a 30-minute OBPM method that we compared with daytime ambulatory blood pressure. METHODS Patients referred to a primary care diagnostic center for 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) had their blood pressure measured using the same validated ABPM device for both ABPM and 30-minute OBPMs. During 30-minute OBPM, blood pressure was measured automatically every 5 minutes with the patient sitting alone in a quiet room. The mean 30-minute OBPM (based on t = 5 to t = 30 minutes) was compared with mean daytime ABPM using paired t tests and the approach described by Bland and Altman on method comparison. RESULTS We analyzed data from 84 patients (mean age 57 years; 61% female). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures differed from 0 to 2 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, −2 to 2 mm Hg and from 0 to 3 mm Hg) between mean 30-minute OBPM and daytime ABPM, respectively. The limits of agreement were between −19 and 19 mm Hg for systolic and −10 and 13 mm Hg for diastolic blood pressures. Both 30-minute OBPM and daytime ABPM classified normotension, white-coat hypertension, masked hypertension, and sustained hypertension equally. CONCLUSIONS The 30-minute OBPM appears to agree well with daytime ABPM and has the potential to detect white-coat and masked hypertension. This finding makes 30-minute OBPM a promising new method to determine blood pressure during diagnosis and follow-up of patients with elevated blood pressures.


We study infinitesimal bendings of surfaces of revolution with flattening at the poles. We begin by considering the minimal possible smoothness class both for surfaces and for deformation fields. Conditions are formulated for a given harmonic of a first-order infinitesimal bending to be extendable into a second order infinitesimal bending. We finish by stating a criterion for nonrigidity of second order for closed surfaces of revolution in the analytic class. We also give the first concrete example of such a nonrigid surface. Bibliography: 15 entries.


Relationship of international law and municipal law — Treaties — Customary international law — South African Constitution — Domestication of international agreements — Application of customary international law — Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, 1998 — Implementation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Act 2002 — Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 1984 — Alleged acts of torture committed in Zimbabwe by and against Zimbabwean nationals — Whether South African Police Service having power to investigate — Whether South African police having duty to investigate — Presence of an accused for the purposes of investigation — Universal jurisdiction — Limiting principles — South Africa's domestic and international powers — Obligations to prevent impunity International criminal law — Jurisdiction — Universal jurisdiction — Crimes against humanity — Investigation and prosecution — Alleged acts of torture committed in Zimbabwe by and against Zimbabwean nationals — Whether South African Police Service having power and duty to investigate international crimes committed outside of South African territory — Implementation of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Act 2002 Human rights — Torture — Nature of prohibition of torture — Universal jurisdiction — Duty to investigate — Whether extending to acts committed on the territory of another State by foreign nationals not present in the forum State — The law of South Africa


Abstract : During the summer of 1974, we sampled 45 sites of vegetation representative of successional trends in plant communities along the Missouri River floodplain from Sioux City, Iowa, to Rulo, Nebraska. The objective was to relate vegetation succession to age of river stabilization structures. Basal area and density data were collected for the tree species present and coverage and frequency data for all shrub and herbaceous species present in each site studied. Each site was then assigned to one of five distinct community types which were related to one another in a successional scheme. These community types listed from youngest to oldest are as follows: Salix-dominated, Populus-dominated, Platanus-Ulmus-dominated, tilia-Quercus-dominated, and Quercus-Carya-dominated vegetation. The construction dates of the stabilization structures adjacent to the sites studied provided an accurate and quite precise method of dating the sites.


Many forms of self-inflicted injury are seen in psychiatric patients. Some common forms reported in the literature include self-enucleation,1 genital self-mutilation,2 and amputation of a limb.3 Different aetiologies may contribute to the different types of self-inflicted injury, one such being acting-out of psychotic symptoms. This is an important area to explore as acting-out of psychotic symptoms may lead to injuries, sometimes fatal, to the patient or to others.


Common political, economic, social and security interests of some countries on the European continent led to the creation of the European Union, which although is not state or suprastate, is an organization formed by a group of independent European states. Among the major ambitions pursued by citizens of States which joined the European Union, and that of the movement in the European space, for finding a job or tourism purposes, without limitations or restrictions, such as citizenship, nationality, except those related to the compliance with EU Directives under all aspects, including the security ones. Keywords: European Union, The Schengen area, Free movement, Employment, Public order.


This paper summarizes the reacting results of simulating a bluff body stabilized flame experiment of Volvo Validation Rig using a releasable edition of the National Combustion Code (NCC). The turbulence models selected to investigate the configuration are the subgrid scaled kinetic energy coupled large eddy simulation (K-LES) and the time-filtered Navier-Stokes (TFNS) simulation. The turbulence chemistry interaction used is linear eddy mixing (LEM).


In March 1848, revolution swept through Central Europe, bringing with it new opportunities for political participation and patriotic displays. Many women actively supported the 1848 revolutions, fighting on the barricades, sewing national flags, forming democratic associations, and taking part in demonstrations. They also took up their pens, and in Hungary, women produced the "Demands of the Radical Hungarian Women," which appeared in a newspaper in late April. This twenty-four-point petition, reprinted below in English translation and the original Hungarian, addresses issues common to women across Europe in 1848. Conditioned by the context in which it appeared, the petition places emphasis on displays of Hungarian patriotism and support for national culture.


The present invention discloses a network single-phase earth fault location method with the determination, the technical problem to be solved is a single-phase ground fault distribution network, accurately and quickly determine the fault section. The method of the present invention, comprising the steps of: providing on line distribution network disconnect switches, distribution automation feeder terminal arranged on the switching segment, establishing a communication network distribution automation feeder terminal; distribution automation feeder terminal determines the single-phase line earth fault, determining the stator ground fault point is located in the distribution automation feeder section switch terminal is located adjacent segments. Compared with the prior art, the detection is determined through the single-phase ground fault feeder distribution automation terminal, establish network communication between each respective distribution automation feeder terminal, interact with each failure judgment information, determine the specific location of the fault, you can quickly identify the problem area reduces troubleshooting time, and improve reliability.


This is a method for manufacturing laminated structures COMPONENTS ARTIFICIAL superconductors HIGH-TC WHOSE TOP GLASS GRAINS (7) has a lattice structure COMPONENT SUPERCONDUCTOR TO BE MANUFACTURED, LAMINAS OXIDE (4, 5, 6) ALL COMPONENTS ARE epitaxially grown on CONSTITUYENTES a predetermined sequence and to create a sandwich structure not found in natural crystals. DISPOSITION EPITAXIAL of the constituent components is formed in a reaction chamber FACILITY HAVING evaporation META-GAS INPUTS AND ENTRY FOR ORGANIC GAS FUND INCLUDING OXYGEN.


The development and implementation of a training program for users of a database accounting system in an R&D laboratory are discussed. The goal of the training program is to instruct these users, account administrators, in complex tasks, such as selecting the right accounting reports for the purposes out of over 120 options or customizing their report data and displays. Usability tests of prior instructions showed that the instructions did not help these users take advantage of database capabilities to perform complex tasks. To help users adapt their system to their complex tasks, this training program will employ cases drawn from actual problems with accounting tasks in the laboratory. Instruction will focus on the match between users' actual task goals and methods and various program capabilities, i.e., strategies for choosing the best of many possible methods, strategies for accessing the information users need and for evaluating choices, and error management.


This paper reports the findings on the identification of market requirements of smart buildings technologies for high rise office buildings in Saudi Arabia including: levels of importance of smart building technologies for office buildings, current practices of utilizing hi-tech smart building technologies in office buildings, required additional features of smart building technologies for office buildings, challenges for integrating smart building technologies for office buildings, major benefits of hi-tech smart buildings technologies for office buildings, and priorities of smart building technologies based on current usage. The paper also reports on key parameters of the comparison of smart office building technologies between Saudi Arabia and developed countries which are based on the survey results for the former and literature review for the latter. This comparison provides in a nutshell a conclusion of the complete survey analysis conducted in this research and at the same time provides an indication on the utilization level of smart office buildings in Saudi Arabia compared to the current practices in developed countries.


Emerging from work on quality assessment in NSW public schools, and drawing upon work in authentic pedagogy and assessment, this paper presents the final analysis from a two-year project, funded by the Australian Learning and Teaching Council, which was designed to (a) enhance the quality of assessment in the social sciences in the tertiary sector and (b) refine and evaluate a model for analysing and improving the quality of assessment tasks in the social sciences.


Recently, well-substantiated reports of color changes and other evidence of lunar activity have led to increased interest in the possibility that the moon is not entirely inert. About 400 events, most in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, are analyzed from the following points of view: (1) type of event; (2) relative frequency and duration; (3) lunar phase; (4) correlation with solar activity; (5) position in the lunar orbit around the earth; (6) positions on the face of the moon of the sites of the events. Evidence is presented suggesting that the onset of a lunar event may be associated with disturbance of the lunar crust. A correlation with lunar tides has been found; the distribution of sites over the lunar surface is consistent with a hypothesis of disturbance of the surface layers through internal causes. Physical conditions in the lunar surface layers are, however, unknown; therefore many uncertainties remain.


Abstract : This report was prepared by the Vehicle Dynamics Department of the Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory, Inc., Buffalo, New York, under research contract DA-30-069-ORD-2913 between the Department of the Army and CAL. It summarizes the work performed in an analysis of the influence of track mechanics on the simulation of the ride qualities of track-laying vehicles. This is the final report on that portion of the above contract dealing with track tension effects on vehicle ride behavior.


Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a fast and sensitive spectroscopic method for the identification of analytes. With available portable Raman spectrometers, on-site analysis is possible. However, for on-site analysis, SERS substrates, which are cheap, easy to prepare, and simple in sample handling are necessary. Relevant analytes in the addressable concentration region for SERS are e.g. antibiotics and pesticides. Here, we present paper-based test strips for SERS analysis which are coated with silver nanoparticles. The coating was realized with different deposition methods of nanoparticle solutions. The papers were also functionalised with hydrophobic barriers to create μPADs. The strips were tested with selected analytes (e.g., adenine, rhodamine-6G) over a broad concentration range. The focus of our study lay on reproducibility and optimum SERS signal intensity.
For the quantification of analytes, highly reproducible signal intensities are necessary. We have realized this reproducibility in acceptable quality. Moreover, employing intensity vs concentration calibration for the analytes, data analysis revealed a behaviour that was best described by a Langmuir isotherm, stressing the strong distance dependence of the SERS effect. For a fast and reproducible analysis of the data, a Labview program was finally compiled, which was fed with the calibration data and derived the concentration of analyte unknowns accordingly.


The present invention provides a gas generator (10) for an occupant restraining device of a vehicle, comprising a substantially cup-like shaped diffuser shell (12) having a plurality of gas discharge ports (17), and a substantially cylindrical filter (20) for purifying and cooling the combustion gas generated from the gas generating agent (25), all accommodated in the housing (11), the housing (11) formed by inserting part of an outer peripheral surface in the open portion side of the closure shell (13) into part of the inner peripheral surface of the open portion side in the diffuser shell (12) to abut against each other, so that they are integrated, the filter (20) supported by abutting one end surface (21) thereof against a ceiling surface of the diffuser shell (12) and abutting the other end surface (226) thereof against at least an annular end surface (13d) of the open portion of the closure shell (13), an annular space provided between the circumferential wall (12b) having the gas discharge ports (17) of the diffuser shell (12) and an outer circumferential surface of the filter (20).


The aim of this paper was describing the modern diagnosis and treatment methods of middle ear nonchromaffin paragangliomas. The authors present 2 patients (61 and 70 years old) with paraganglioma from the bulb of internal jugular vein and diagnostic difficulties concerning noncharacteristic course, suggesting chronic otitis media in the first case and malignant tumor of the ear in the second. Both of them were treated surgically: lateral petrosectomy with internal jugular bulb tumor resection. In postoperative observation the pare sis of VII-th and X-th cranial nerves was seen. The authors present specific methods of diagnosis and identification of this tumor cell type.


The monetary theory is a very important component part in the economic theory system of Marx.The analyses of Marx to the whole capitalism economic system are all established on the basis of monetary theory.The pursuit to the money but the products in kind,makes that the capitalism becomes monetary economy but the exchange economics.So the money possesses special important action in the capitalism or the market economy.The change of its quantity determines the motion direction of the market economy.Proceeding from the Marx's endogenous monetary theory,it can get the conclusion that the capitalism economy keeps relatively stability in long-term,but unceasingly fluctuation in short-term.Therefore,the objectively recognition of the main contents of Marx's monetary theory have not only the very important significance to the correct comprehension the Marx's macro -dynamic theory system,but also have the very important reference significance to the constructing the economics with Chinese feature and the monetary regulation and control.


Introduction  Many hospitals and organizations "educate patients" to perform a representative patient-role in management and research. This traditional patient participation and representation have shown limited success and are of questionable cost-effectiveness. In 2015 a new operation model was implemented at Karolinska University Hospital (KUH). An important part of the model is that patients and informal caregivers shall influence the decision-making process and priority settings throughout the whole organization on equal terms. The different areas were patients shall be a part is in decision-making and priority settings is in the individual care meeting, management teams, different cross-organization projects, strategic patient- and family council and in a resource group. Short description  The method for patient involvement has so far been based on a hospital perspective. The patients were invited to participate in quality improvement, to develop the way of leading the hospital and to define what to measure as a value of given care. Now the patient's role is evolved, with a 180-degree switch in philosophy. We are now going from having patients involved in health care to have the health care involved in patient's self-care and co-care. In patient involvement we are moving "from good to great". Aim and theory The theory and aim behind the change are the three components in Evidence Based Medicine; best evidence, clinical expertise and patients' values, preferences and knowledge (real world data). The patient's knowledge is based on lived experience and need to be better implemented in daily and organizational practice. Population and stakeholders The population for this project has been all patients, informal caregivers and health care providers who is working in different parts at KUH. Timeline  2015-2019 Highlights The most important insight is a tendency that we better capture patients' voice. As an outcome of this organizational change we now also see some concrete examples that patients are developing and implements interventions. Sustainability Health care systems overall are changing to involve more and more patients and informal caregivers to be a part in leading and developing. This initiative has an important role to take a leading role and develop how the future patient involvement can take part. Transferability We have found that the new perspective of patient involvement is transferrable to many health care systems and integrated care pathways. Conclusions If you really believe in Evidence Based Medicine, you can´t exclude the patient component. Discussions We are moving to involve patients as colleagues and are moving to involve health into patient's self-care and co-care. But there is some risk that we need to consider. For example; how do we recruit the patient representatives? How do we develop a system that capture all patient voices not only the strongest and best educated patients? We can't stop critically question our self in this important matter. Lessons learned It takes time to make a difference and if you want to have an impact of some-one's way of thinking takes even more time. Strong leadership and a multidisciplinary teamwork in an organization with an fully integrated approach.


There are transmural differences in the structure of arteries across the left ventricular wall. For example, for arteries of the same size, wall thickness is greater in arteries of the epicardium than those from the endocardium. This observation suggests that there could be differences in their passive and active length-tension relationships, as different amounts of connective tissue or smooth muscle would be expected to alter these characteristics. We tested this hypothesis by studying similarly sized porcine coronary arteries from opposite transmural locations. Endocardial arteries had a diameter of 389 ± 33 μm (n = 8), while epicardial arteries measured 388 ± 50 μm (n = 6). A wire myograph was used to study the mechanical properties of these arteries under isometric conditions in Krebs-Henseleit buffer at 37 °C. Arteries were cut into rings with an axial length of 2 mm. Rings were repetitively stimulated to contract at increasing lengths with the addition of high extracellular K+ (80 mM). Coronary arteries developed active tension to a plateau level over approximately 3-5 min and K+-induced contractions readily washed out. Arteries from the epicardium were stiffer, as the passive-length tension curve of these vessels was elevated over arteries from the endocardium. Passive tensions at optimal length were 3.2 ± 0.4 vs. 5.6 ± 1.5 mN/mm (p < 0.05). The active tension developed in response to K+ depolarization was greater in epicardial arteries. Active tensions at optimal length were 3.4 ± 1.1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.3 mN/mm (p < 0.05). Our results represent the first comparison of transmural differences in coronary arteries under isometric tension. Our findings support the hypothesis that differences exist in the passive and active length-tension relationships of epicardial and endocardial arteries that correlate with wall thickness. R01HL158723 This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.


Based on our teachers, teaching conditions and making good use of the after-class time and its flexible activities, as well as setting up rules, regulations, assigning teachers to and installing satellite receivers for the English saloons, awarding foreign teachers for their participation in the English corner activities by reducing their work load and carrying out yearly public speaking contests and encouraging more students to be involved at the different levels of selection contests etc.we have created a good English environment and improved the fluency of students.


LaNi1� xCoxO3 perovskite-type oxides were synthesized by the sol–gel resin method and used as catalysts precursors in the dry reforming of methane to syngas between 600 and 800 8C at atmospheric pressure, the reaction was studied under continuous flow using an mixture of CH4:CO2 = 1:1. The solids were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET specific surface area and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR).


This report is from an international seminar in Kivik, Skane the 17 of September 2019, as part of a full week of activities relating to the project Experimental Heritage Explorations. The texts in ...


We have recently succeeded in the implementation of a large scale recurrent photonic neural network hosting up to 2025 photonic neurons. All network internal and readout connections are physically implemented with fully parallel technology. Based on a digital micro-mirror array, we can train the Boolean readout weights using a greedy version of greedy learning. We find that the learning excellently converges. Furthermore, it appears to possess a conveniently convex-like cost-function and demonstrates exceptional scalability of the learning effort with system size.
I will introduce our photonic neural network in detail and give a general motivation of photonic systems for neural network processors. Finally, I will discuss the obtained findings of the learning procedure in light of their relevance for hardware implemented neural networks.


Treatment refusal and abandonment (TxRA) are major barriers to improving outcomes among children with sarcomas of the extremities as curative treatment options bearing on amputation or disfiguring surgery, particularly in countries with limited resources. A multi‐institutional retrospective study was conducted to determine the predictive factors for TxRA among patients with osteosarcoma associated with survival outcomes across Southeast Asia (SEA).


Soursop, previously known as "cancer killer tree" is widely used as a complimentary medicine to treat various types of cancer patients. At present, no direct evidence is available as to the biosynthetic pathway of its unusual skeleton. To provide guidance as to possible biosynthetic precursors, construction of biosynthetic pathway based on the secondary metabolites obtained from soursop leaf phytochemicals. This paper shows biosynthetic scheme based in sound biosynthetic principles of compounds newly found in nature or those difficult to tackle by conventional means.


Abstract : We are engaged in the development systems capable of analyzing short narrative messages dealing with a limited domain and extracting the information contained in the narrative. These systems are initially being applied to messages describing equipment failure. This work is a joint effort of New York University and the System Development Corp. for the DARPA Strategic Computing Program. Our aim is to create a system reliable enough for use in an operational environment. This is a formidable task, both because the texts are unedited (and so contain various errors) and because the complexity of any real domain precludes us from assembling a complete collection of the relationships and domain knowledge relevant to understanding texts in the domain. Our basic approach to increasing reliability will be to bring to bear on the analysis task as many different types of constraints as possible. These include constraints related to syntax, semantics, domain knowledge, and discourse structure. In order to be able to capture the detailed knowledge about the domain that is needed for correct message analyses, we are initially limiting ourselves to messages about one particular piece of equipment (the starting air compressor); if we are successful in this narrow domain, we intend to gradually broaden our system.


With the fast development of the CT technology,real-time data acquiring and fast image reconstruction as a advanced capability in a Cone-beam CT system are more frequently requested.Therefore to transfer projection data from the detector unit to the computing unit in a fast and stable way becomes one of the key points in today's design of CT systems.In this paper we proposed a high speed data transmission solution based on Ethernet interface and Linux OS in which a transfer caching system is introduced.Test results show that such application has significant merits in solving the data loss problem while transferring from CT sampling module to the PC.Being with a low cost yet high stability and efficiency,it can be practically useful to the similar fast data acquiring system for image reconstruction.


The invention provides a breath light control circuit, comprising a power supply, a first resistance and a second resistance which are connected in series, a first switching tube, a second switching tube, a third resistance, a fourth resistance and a controller, wherein one end of the first resistance is connected with the power supply, the collector of the first switching tube is connected with one end of the second resistance, and the emitter of the first switching tube is grounded; the base of the second switching tube is connected with a node between the first resistance and the second resistance, the emitter of the second switching tube is connected with the power supply; one end of the third resistance is connected with the collector of the second switching tube, the other end of the third resistance is connected with a breath light; one end of the fourth resistance is connected with the base of the first switching tube; and the controller is connected with the other end of the fourth resistance and is used for applying a PWM control signal to the first switching tube by virtue of the fourth resistance and gradually adjusting duty ratio of the PWM control signal according to a preset step size by taking a preset time as a period. The breath light control circuit provided by the invention has the advantages of simple design and low cost.


A new 2xVDD-tolerant I/O buffer circuit, realized with only lxVDD devices in nanoscale CMOS technology, to prevent transistors against gate-oxide reliability and hot- carrier degradation is proposed. The new proposed 2xVDD- tolerant I/O buffer has been implemented in a 130-nm CMOS process to serve a 2.5-V/1.2-V mixed-voltage interface without using the additional thick gate-oxide (2.5-V) devices. This 2xVDD-tolerant I/O buffer has been successfully confirmed by the experimental results with a signal speed of up to 133 MHz for PCI-X application.


Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and heater power (HP) were compared as indicators of skin perfusion during transcutaneous oxygen tension (p2) monitoring in adults. The WV probe was fitted to a Radiometer Ptco2 attachment ring, which was fixed to the forearm. ptco2, electrode temperature, HP, and LDV measurements were recorded continuously and simultaneously. LDV was more specific and sensitive to changes in cutaneous perfusion. Moreover, changes in perfusion were signalled four to 24 times faster by WV than by HP. Changes in p2 corresponded to changes in LDV more closely than to changes in HP in all experiments. HP was more specific and sensitive to changes in electrode and air temperatures. Once hyperemia was established at 44 #{176}C and the electrode heater was turned off (HP = 0), LDV measurements frequently showed persistence of hyperemia (up to 25 mm). Under these circumstances ptco2 decreased linearly with decreasing electrode temperature in the range of 44-32 #{176}C. LDV performance was referenced by monitoring velocity measurements taken on a cylinder revolving at known velocities. We conclude that LDV is a useful adjunct to Ptc.02monitoring and better than HP in assessing skin blood f low. It should enhance quality control of transcutaneous 02 monitoring.


The problem of premarital relationship is covered. The article presents the results of an empirical research on the specific nature of relationship during the premarital period of the couple existence. The intercouple correlation of different characteristics in loving couples is analyzed. The author identifies characteristics which are most significant at various stages of premarital relationship: education, partners' hobbies, the nature of relationship in the couple etc.


An Overview of Public Relations Theory Management Perspectives in Public Relations The field of public relations has progressed far from the research tradition, which primarily focused on production of messages, campaigns, and mass media effects on audiences (Bruning & Ledingham, 2000; Ledingham & Bruning, 1998). J. Grunig and Hunt (1984) have provided grounds for the re-conceptualization of public relations. They defined public relations as "the management of communication between an organization and its publics" (p. 7). Furthermore, J. Grunig and Hunt (1984) proposed a model of strategic public relations management. Their strategic public relations management theory encompasses much of the foundational knowledge in public relations strategy, including the situational theory of publics TP PT and models of public relations. The Excellence Study Considered as a monumental study in public relations, the excellence study can be seen as an integration of strategic management theories of public relations into a greater whole. Funded by the International Association of Business Communicators (IABC) Research Foundation, a team of six researchers (J. Grunig, L. Grunig, Dozier, Ehling, Repper, and White) began their research by addressing the question posed: How, why, and to what extent does communication contribute to the achievement of organizational objectives? In addition to the original question of organizational effectiveness, they added


This research project focused on study of adult stromal cells derived from equine and canine mesenchymal tissue and the application of these cell sources in musculoskeletal injuries, particularly in tendon repair. Adult MSCs gained general attention in both human and veterinary medicine, however despite the advances in this field, much studies are needed in order to better understand MSCs behavior. With this goal the following research project focused on:
- A comprehensive characterization and study in vitro of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from peripheral blood of horses (ePB-MSCs) and from adipose tissue of dog (cA-MSCs). Moreover the possibility to cryopreserve these cells in the long-term period and the delivery methods of both ePB-MSCs and cA-MSCs in the short-term period was verified.
- The use of MSCs from peripheral blood and from adipose tissue in the tendon regeneration process was investigated in two different work: the use of adipose tissue derived MSCs in the re-cellularization of a human biocompatible scaffold, and the use of MSCs derived from ovine peripheral blood injected in experimental tendon lesions of the deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) in a ovine model.
The full characterization of both ePB-MSCs and cA-MSCs was achieved using FACS sorting in order to identify the Cluster of Differentiation (CD) expression on the surface of these cells, by the study of population doubling time (PDT), the analysis of telomerase enzyme presence by Real Time PCR, and the alkaline phosphatase positivity. The differentiative potential of both ePB-MSCs and cA-MSCs was assessed by the in vitro induction of these cells into osteo, muscular and adipogenic lineages and verified by expression of tissue specific gene, like PPAR-y, Desmin, and Osteopontin (SPP-1). The same characterization and differentiative potential were then verified on ePB-MSCs and cA-MSCs after 1 year. Results obtained from this study furnished novel information on adult MSCs and confirmed the possibility to cryopreserve these cells in the long-term period for their potential applications in clinical field. The study on delivery of both ePB-MSCs and cA-MSCs in the short-term period, performed by exposing cells to different media, time and temperature, lead to the conclusion that cells could be delivered in PBS at room temperature no longer than 9-12 hrs; cells were also monitored for CD expression, for apoptotic resistance and s-galactosidase activity during different time intervals. The second challenge of this research project was on study of regeneration capability of adult MSCs derived from peripheral blood and from adipose tissue in tendon pathologies. A first work was performed using MSCs derived from human lipoaspirate in order to recellularize a human tendon scaffold to be used as insert in full-thickness lesions of flexor hand tendons. A previous re-cellularization was successfully obtained using Tris solution and enzymatic digestion, and the absence of native genonic DNA were assessed by standard PCR. Moreover a good protocol for re-cellularization was obtained, using a collagen matrix gel, which helped a good penetration of stromal cells inside the biocompatible scaffold. Secondly a comparation study among the effect of PB-MSCs, platelet rich plasma (PRP) or combination of both on tendon healing was performed using ovine model. Experimental lesions were made using collagenase 1A injection in the left deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) of 18 Bergamasca sheep, using the right DDFT as internal control (lesioned, not treated). Sheep were further divided in two groups, the first euthanized after 1 month and the second after 4 months, and tendon were then analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical assays. Results obtained after 4 months showed a significant difference between the treated tendon of all group respect to the relative internal control (lesioned, not treated); notably after 4 months the group that received the treatment with MSCs alone or in combination with PRP, showed significant improvement of the healing process respect to PRP treated group, becoming similar to the normal healthy tendons.


Lipid ingredients that demonstrate high stability and positive health profiles without the use of trans-fats are needed in the food supply. Rice bran oil can be fractionated at low temperatures to create a series of spreads that show promise as functional ingredients. A rice bran oil-derived spread can extend the fry life of soybean oil and can also be incorporated into baked goods such as bread and granola as a trans-fat free alternative to butter or shortening.


Abstract: The large food companies' failure to internalize all the food production costs creates negative externalities and economic deficiencies in the food market. Government regulation to-date is insufficient to stop the externalization of costs. Poor eating habits of the general public promote such market failures and are controlled by misinformation, advertisements, and unhealthy foods. Regulatory laws, such as the Hazard Analysis Critical Control point Act (HACCP), the Poultry products Inspection Act (PPIA), and the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act were designed with so many legal loopholes, that these acts remain largely ineffective. The externalities of the food production industry affect the economy, the public's health, the environment, but also the First Amendment Right of Free Speech. Veggie-libel laws passed in thirteen (13) states in the U.S. stifle the dissemination of the truth about the foods people eat. Consumer protection must be fueled from the inside out. Despite the public obsession with food and diet, people are ignorant of where their food comes from. Until the public's awareness and concern is increased to a point where citizens and lawyers will use tort law to force the food producers to internalize the food production costs, the market will continue to fail.


Received: 16 November 2018 Accepted: 06 December2018 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of integrated nitrogen (N) application on the yield of Boro rice. The experiment was composed of two rice varieties: BRRI dhan29 and BRRI dhan74, and eleven N management approaches: control (without N), 100% varietal recommended dose (RD) of N from urea, 75% of RD from urea + 25% of RD from poultry manure (PM), 50% of RD from urea + 50% of RD from PM, 25% of RD from urea + 75% of RD from PM, 75% of RD from urea + 25% of RD from vermicompost (VC), 50% of RD from urea + 50% of RD from VC, 25% of RD from urea + 75% of RD from VC, 75% of RD from urea + 25% of RD from cowdung (CD), 50% of RD from urea + 50% of RD from CD and 25% of RD from urea + 75% of RD from CD. Performance of BRRI dhan74 was better compared to BRRI dhan29 in terms of yield. For both verities, application of 75% of RD from urea + 25% of RD from PM produced the highest grain yield (BRRI dhan74: 3.30 t ha and BRRI dhan29: 3.08 t ha) and the lowest with control among the N management approaches. Thus, it can be suggested that integrated N application with 75% of varietal RD from urea and 25% from PM in Boro rice cultivation will produce appreciable grain yield and also expected to have positive effect on soil health.


Background: The physiological activity of osteoblsts is known to be closely related to increased intracellular activity ([]i) in osteoblasts. The cellular regulation of ([]i) in osteoblasts is mediated by movements associated with release from intracellular stores, and transmembrane influx via exchanger, and ATPase. Reactive oxygen species, such as , play an important role in the regulation of cellular functions, and act as signaling molecules or as toxins in cells. Methods: Osteoblasts were isolated from the femurs and tibias of neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats, and cultured for 7 days. The cultured osteoblasts were loaded with a -sensitive fluorescent dye, Fura-2 AM ester, and fluorescence images were monitored using a cooled CCD camera. Ca-spike changes upon ATP application were checked for (1) osteoblasts in -free and 2.5 mM normal Tyrode solution, (2) osteoblasts in which the of the endoplastic reticulumin had been depleted with ryanodine, thapsigargin ord caffein, and (3) osteoblasts pretreated with , in which the expression of IP3 receptor was checked by Western blotting. Results: ATP increased intracellular free regardless of extracellular concentration. When the intracellular store was depleted, the level of increased activity by ATP was suppressed. sustained the increase induced by ATP. The expression of IP3 receptor was enhanced by . Conclusions: modulates intracellular activity in osteoblasts by increasing release from the intracellular stores.


Abstract A shielding gas composition-controlled (SGC) welding process has been developed in which shielding gas composition changes periodically. This welding process has been successfully developed on the basis of computer simulation. A simulation model incorporating periodic change of shielding gas composition has been proposed and verified by welding experiments and observation of wire tip behaviour. In order to change shielding gas composition effectively, CO2 gas is locally and periodically introduced into Ar + 2%O2 shielding gas. As a result, CO2 and MIG arcs occur periodically during welding and the arc pole strongly oscillates over the groove wall. Oscillation control of the arc pole can be achieved by this shielding gas composition-controlled method. This newly developed welding system makes it possible to perform stable welding in narrow V-grooves and excellent welding joints are obtained with good fusion.


An experimental study has been conducted to investigate the effects of flow coefficient on two-bladed inducer alternate blade cavitation. Three flow coefficients (0.051, 0.057, and 0.062) and five cavitation number (0.070, 0.085, 0.100, 0.115, and 0.130) at each flow coefficient are studied. Five unsteady pressure transducers, four pneumatic pressure sensors, and a high-speed camera have been used for flow characterization. As flow coefficient decreases from 0.057 to 0.051, the cavitation number at which the maximum magnitude of alternate blade cavitation occurs and the maximum magnitude of alternate blade cavitation both increase. As flow coefficient increases from 0.057 to 0.062, the same trend appears. The cavitation number at which the maximum magnitude of alternate blade cavitation occurs and the maximum magnitude of alternate blade cavitation both increase.


Cheiloscopy, the study of lip prints is an upcoming tool for the identification of persons. The lip print of every person is unique and can be used to fix personal identity. Previous work done on the subject also reveals that lip prints show differences according to the race and the ethnic origins of a person.


The invention relates to a pedal electrically assisted designed with an electric propulsion system (5) Propeller (8) simple, fully supported by a fixed frame and now the two shells (2) of the pedal, and which motor torque can be provided by a crank engine such as those already tested for electric bikes.


The authors have written this book because they felt the need for a text giving a comprehensive picture of services provided for mentally handicapped people. In the introductory chapters, they trace the problems in defining mental handicap and in finding out the exact number of handicapped people. They also give a vivid historical account of service provisions which briefly seem to run at 2 levels what is said and what is done seldom appear to be in agreement. They later discuss the development of various services residential, day care, assessment, voluntary families and financial in great depth and show contrasts between specific services throughout the country. They also quote examples of good practice, e.g. Wessex hostel provisions for the severely handicapped and practical problems such as the difficulties of obtaining allowances and benefits because of complex regulations. They also look at the structure of management and coordination of services which reveal many problems. The failure of the current system suggests that what is required is specific thinking on mental handicap alone particularly the way in which the services are organised.


ABSTRACT The Austin chalk formation in South Texas is typically a dense, impervious limestone. Production is dependent on secondary porosity and permeability created by fractures. Oil is produced from the Austin chalk in two main trends: 1) On the crest and flanks of the Pearsall anticline, and 2) Along the Luling-Mexia fault zone. The structure, stratigraphy and reservoir characteristics of these two areas are briefly discussed in this paper.


For most cases, people use an ecrypted mode when sending personal information to a server, via an electronic form. Whenever shopping is done online, the browser uses cryptographic methods to send to the server the credit card number and private information. Thanks to the surprising development of the Internet, and not to the structural models (OSI and TCP/IP) this technology is based on, the electronic commerce requires quality, security, reliability and, above all, the possibility of implementing all such concepts. It is interesting that none of the widely used cryptographic systems is mathematically demonstrated to be safe. As a matter of fact, the entire technology of cryptography is based on mathematical problems that are still unanswered to.Looking at the above, the study of the cryptographic and security methods, as well as finding strong crypto-systems is still a pivotal issue.


Abstract The influence of the chemical composition on the phase structure, and from this the structure-property relationships, of poly[ester-block-ether] (PEE) elastomers based on poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) hard segments and oligo(α,ω-dihydroxy poly(oxytetraniethylene)) (PTMO) and/or dimer fatty acid (DFA) soft segments was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and tensile testing. Differences in thermal and mechanical properties with varying hard and soft segment composition are interpreted in terms of the phase miscibility of the various polymers studied.


Proposal for a tutorial on Using Bayes to Interpret Non-significant Results Zoltan Dienes (firstname.lastname@example.com) School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH Keywords: Bayesian inference; Bayes Factors; confidence intervals; likelihood intervals; non-significant results; evidence. 1. Outline the objectives and scope of the tutorial. The purpose of the tutorial is to present simple tools for dealing with non-significant results, an area which cognitive scientists have consistently found problematic. In particular, people will be taught how to apply Bayes Factors and likelihood intervals to draw meaningful inferences from non-significant data, using free easy-to-use on-line software: Software which allows one to determine whether there is strong evidence for the null and against one's theory, or if the data are just insensitive, a distinction p_values cannot make. These tools have greater flexibility than power calculations and allow null results to be interpreted over a wider range of situations. Such tools should allow the publication of null results to become easier. The online software for Bayes Factors (with instructions) is here: http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Zoltan_Dienes/inferen ce/Bayes.htm And the online software for likelihood intervals here: http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Zoltan_Dienes/inferen ce/Likelihood.htm 2. Explain how the tutorial will be delivered giving a detailed description of the material that will be covered. The tutorial will consist of lectures by me; after the second hour people will be able to use their internetted laptops to work through examples on the software, and thereby interactively follow the points I make, and also explore the tools for themselves. Schedule: 9:30 – 10:30 Basics: The different aims of significance testing and Bayesian inference (including the three moral and inferential paradoxes of significance testing and their solution) 10:45 – 11:45 Bayes Factors 12- 1 Examples with Bayes Factors, to illustrate appropriate and inappropriate use, and robustness checks (Bayesian analysis can of course be misused in ways we will clarify) 2-3 Confidence intervals, likelihood intervals, credibility intervals with examples, including the (little discussed) four principles for using intervals inferentially in theory testing 3:30 – 4:30 Examples showing the complementary strengths and weaknesses of Bayes factors and interval methods for interpreting null results 4:45 – 5:30 Discussion of e.g. any particular data people wish to bring, and free questions The tutorial will emphasize how statistics, both Bayes factors and interval estimates, can be brought into more intimate contact with theory than has typically been the case, and appropriate ways of doing this. (Interpreting null results requires making contact with theory.) My emphasis will be practical rather than ideological, though conceptual arguments will be important. 3. Justify why it is important to have a tutorial in the proposed area at the conference. Users of statistics have been criticised for decades for their interpretation of non-significant results. Users have either used null results to count against a theory that predicted a difference (without establishing that the results actually counted against the theory) or ignored the results as uninformative (without establishing that they were). One only need pick up any recent issue of almost any journal to see this. (I don't exclude many of my own papers from this criticism!) In that sense the topic has been important to clarify for a long time. Recently, however there was been a resurgence of interest in Bayesian and likelihood methods, and the recent developments are particularly useful for users of statistics. Little can be more important than that we as a community draw appropriate inferences from data, and get the most from our data. The issues are applicable to the whole community of cognitive scientists, and hence appropriate for a meeting of the Cognitive Science Society. Several strategies for dealing with null results will be taught, as well as reasons why the most common strategies, orthodox as well as Bayesian, can be problematic. 4. Specify how relevant the topic is for the conference (i.e., does it focus on an emerging or cross-disciplinary research topic?) Bayes has been making a resurgence for getting on 10 years now in cognitive science. Part of the interest has been in Bayes as a model for how the mind works. While the workshop has nothing to say on what the best theory of the mind is, theories of how we should analyse data are clearly relevant to theories of how the mind works. More importantly, part of the recent interest in Bayes is precisely on the topic of the workshop – principles and methods for drawing statistical inferences. Indeed, at the meeting of the Society last year Kruschke held a very successful workshop on Bayesian inference based on his book. I will be teaching a slightly different philosophy and different methods (but which complement Kruschke's approach). Krushcke


This chapter looks at the Meʿam Loʿez as a historical source and proposes a historical reading in a rabbinical source. It explains what can be learned from the content of Meʿam Loʿez about the daily life in the Sephardi family circle throughout the generations, in the lands of the Ottoman Empire. Meʿam Loʿez is fitting to use as a historical source because of the following reason: the compendium presents and represents Sephardi society in the Ottoman Empire in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. In particular, one may learn of the daily life in the generation of the originator of the idea to write Meʿam Loʿez, Rabbi Yaʿakov Khuli, from edifying statements, personal memories and descriptions that he felt should be given to the reader while studying and discussing biblical verses.Keywords: Meʿam Loʿez; biblical verses; Ottoman Empire; rabbinical source; Sephardi society


A threshold model is developed for a collective optical discharge induced in an aerosol medium as a result of interaction of plasma-vapor microjets formed at individual particles. It is shown that this discharge may be formed in several essentially different regimes, including collective heating, individual-collective heating, and burning. It is found that collective heating using fairly long pulses has the lowest intensity threshold for breakdown in the visible and near infrared. The proposed model is used to obtain an estimate of the breakdown threshold under collective heating conditions that agrees with known experimental data and those obtained by the present authors. The conditions for the establishment of individual-collective heating typical of Q-switched laser pulses in the far infrared are indicated. An analysis is made of the dependence of the collective breakdown threshold on the physicochemical properties of the aerosol material.


It was right after my 3:00 p.m. on April 29, 1992. I had just come back to my office from the inauguration ceremony of Bob Suzuki, who became the first Asian American President of California Polytechnic University, Pomona. I was scheduled to be in Koreatown later to give a take with Angela Oh to young Jewish leaders on the state "State of Relations between Korean American Merchants and African American Residents" at the Woo Rae Oak restaurant at 6:00 p.m. Before I headed toward Koreatown around 4 p.m., I called Radio Korea to warn Korean American listeners of possible violence in African American neighborhoods in response to the "not guilty verdict." Yet I never anticipated that violence would spread so quickly into the Koreatown area.


Motivation
The goal of this research project is to investigate the possibilities (advantages and disadvantages) of using a service oriented approach for application life cycle management (ALM). ALM is the set of processes and tools with which the application portfolio is kept up to date. In the current situation the IT processes which make this possible, are frequently entangled with each other and the business organisation. This entanglement makes it hard to break the IT organisation down into smaller pieces. As IT is often not a core activity of an organisation, it is a candidate for outsourcing. When parts of the IT organisation are outsourced they are detached from the rest of the IT organisation, so breaking the entanglement is necessary. The result of breaking the entanglement is that the information cannot flow as it normally does. New standards have to be applied on how information should flow when a process is outsourced. By (re-)defining the parts or services the of IT organisation, this problem can be resolved.
The assumption is that a service approach to ALM can deliver an important contribution to solving the outsourcing problems by reducing the entanglement of the IT processes.
Before the advantages of service oriented ALM (SO-ALM) can be tested, a framework has to be developed which consists of ALM organised around service: the SO-ALM framework.
Meta-model
The SO-ALM framework is composed of ALM services. These services are a wrapper around a collection of processes which act as a black box. How IT processes are organised is already known and the SO-ALM framework does not try to reinvent these, only to present them in another way. Existing process frameworks like ASL, ITIL and OpenUP are used as input for the processes. Each ALM service has a number of functions. The ALM service functions define the interaction; they are the interfaces of the ALM services: what asset is exchanged when. Functions are separated into four different function types for clarification: Contract functions - to make agreements about the usage of a service; Do functions - give an ALM service assignments to do something, initiate action; Deliver functions - retrieve products which are the result from actions initiated by do functions; Inform about functions - deliver management information / statistics about an ALM service. The goal is to measure the ALM service to verify it performs to the made agreements.
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ALM service creation and documentation
The ALM services are created based upon criteria and knowledge of experts. A workshop and interviews have been used to get the knowledge of experts. A wiki is used to document the ALM services. The wiki implements the meta-model. The advantage of using a wiki opposed to a normal document is that, it always represents the latest version and allows everyone to make contributions in an easy way while creating an audit trail in case reverts are necessary. The wiki can be found online by the URL of: www.so-alm.nl/wiki/.
Results
The SO-ALM concept and the SO-ALM framework have been validated by using a workshop, interviews and an online survey. The results of this validation can be summarised as followed:
The SO-ALM framework can lead to easier switching of suppliers; The SO-ALM framework will probably not lead to an increase in service quality; It is more likely that prices will drop due to competition, opposed to an increase in service quality; The SO-ALM framework might help to keep a better overview of the entire IT organisation by making the IT organisation more transparent; Moving towards a service organisation requires more than a framework with ALM services, do not forget the changes in IT governance; Maintaining the SO-ALM framework could be done best by an open source organisation. We think that an open source framework attracts more users and improves faster; More standardisation is better; the SO-ALM framework could be used to achieve this. Standardisation leads to lower cost and higher supplier flexibility; The meta-model is a good model but it needs careful explanation, people do not always get it the first time; The SO-ALM framework delivers a complete set of ALM service; Creating uniform names for ALM functions is difficult and should involve multiple review rounds by multiple experts; Some ALM services are candidates for outsourcing, like development, others are best kept in-house, like project & program management;
Recommendations Further development and testing of the framework in real life situations; Investigate the risks/negative aspects of moving towards a service oriented organisation; Standardise on metrics and measure the ALM service performance


The present invention provides a communication processing method, device and system for uplink and downlink separation. The communication processing method comprises: sending scheduling information to User Equipment (UE) and a second communication node; receiving feedback information sent from the second communication node, wherein the feedback information corresponds to information sent from the UE and is sent from the second communication node after the second communication node receives, according to the scheduling information, the information sent from the UE according to the scheduling information. By sending the scheduling information to the UE and the second communication node, and after the second communication node receives the information corresponding to the scheduling information sent from the UE, the communication processing method for the uplink and downlink separation provided in the present invention enables the second communication node to send the feedback information corresponding to the information to a first communication node, and then enables the first communication node to obtain the communication integrity between the UE and the first communication node or the UE and the second communication node by the received feedback information, thus improving the reliability of the communication.


Using DLY-3F forest atmosphere measuring instrument,the air anoin in Jiemuxi nature reserve was surveyed.The results indicated that air anoin density in coniferous forest′s was higher than that of the foliage forest.Firstly,the air anoin density increased along with the increase of the altitude gradually,then the air anoin density decreased gradually.The air anoin density nearby the dynamic water was higher than that nearby the static water obviously.The air anoin density in summer was the highest,while it was the lowest in winter.The peak of the day variation appeared on 7:00-9:00 and 22:00-24:00.After raining,the density and CI of anoin increased obviously.The influence of air anoin density was the air relative humidity.In brief,the air anoin in Jiemuxi was high,and the air was clean.Considering the air anoin in nature reserve was the important tourism resource,the suggestions of the exploitation of the air anoin were put forward.


This study aims to determine the self respect levels in children with Diabetes Type 1. The study sample consisted of 150 children selected with random sampling who applied to the endocrinology clinics of two hospitals in Izmir. The average age of the children with Diabetes Type 1 was 13.38±2.54. Among all children who participated in the study, 56.7% were girls and 66% were attending primary schools. In our study, it was found that the average score of self respect in children with Diabetes Type 1 was X= 61.33±18.00. As a result, it was noted that the self respect levels in children with Diabetes Type 1 are considerably lower than healthy children in related studies, and that lower levels of self respect have an effect on school attendance, too.


Securely pairing wearables with ano-ther device is the key to many promising applications. This paper presents Touch-And-Guard (TAG), a system that uses hand touch as an intuitive manner to establish a secure connection between a wristband wearable and the touched device. It generates secret bits from hand resonant properties, which are obtained using accelerometers and vibration motors. The extracted secret bits are used by both sides to authenticate each other and then communicate confidentially. The ubiquity of accelerometers and motors presents an immediate market for our system. We demonstrate the feasibility of our system using an experimental prototype and conduct experiments involving 12 participants with 1,440 trials. The results indicate that we can generate secret bits at a rate of 7.15 bit/s, which is 44 percent faster than conventional text input PIN authentication.


On the basis of studying the literatures at home and abroad,the concept and the evaluation criterion of shale gas reservoirs are introduced according to research methods of conventional reservoirs,and the petrophysical properties of shale gas reservoirs are studied deeply.The formulas to calculate the porosity of shale gas reservoirs and a new shale gas storage and movement model are presented.The method for calculating the brittleness of shale gas reservoirs is also presented,and the shale gas reservoirs are divided into brittle shale and ductile shale,which can provide the foundation for the hydraulic fracturing design of shale gas reservoirs.


The Kingsbridge Center of the Jewish Home and Hospital for Aged, New York, is a modern long-term care facility for elderly people. It has 540 skilled nursing and 272 intermediate care beds with an average census of 806. It is an affiliate of the Mount Sinai School of Medicine of New York with an attending staff of more than 40 board certified specialists, eight full-time and three part-time house physicians, with 24-hour physician coverage. Clinical laboratory services, diagnostic radiology, electrocardiography, sonography, Holter monitoring, oxygen, and intravenous therapy are available. The pharmacy department maintains computerized medication profiles. Computerized drug use reports are available from these profiles, with the name, form, dose, and schedule of administration of all medications. A formulary is maintained under the direction of a multidisciplinary pharmacy and therapeutics committee. The pharmacy operates a unit dose drug-distribution system. The pharmacy is staffed by a director, three and a half pharmacists, and three technicians. The pharmacists perform monthly chart reviews, monitor medications and laboratory values, and screen for drug interactions and allergies, which are reported to the medical staff. The average age of the home residents is 85 years, with only 12.4% below that age. About 80% are women. The average resident


SUMMARY The relationship between the media and terrorism is a complex one. This article is an attempt to discuss this relationship systematically by looking at the various relevant components in the media/terrorism debate, namely terrorists, governments, the media, the security forces, hostages and the public. International research related to these components is also dealt with. In conclusion a few recommendations are made that could also be considered in the formulation of media policy concerning the coverage of terrorism in the South African media.


Scattering of plane electromagnetic waves normally incident upon cylindrical plasma structures with small axial gradients and arbitrary radial variations of electron density is examined. The case for an axially uniform plasma is reviewed, and determination of the scattered field is considered. Extension is made to the non-uniform case; methods for deriving the scattered field are discussed; and expressions for the scattered energy, particularly back- scattered, are derived. The back scattering cross section is also given. Results of a series of calculations of the cross section for a certain plasma configuration are presented and discussed. (D.C.W.)


After about a decade of development,the number of youth sports clubs in Shanghai has begun to take shape. But their further development meets more prominent contradictions. Most of the youth clubs are faced with the problems just like lack of the support of relevant laws and regulations,monotonous financing channel,poor self- regulatory mechanism,etc. This paper attempts to provide reasonable recommendations for the development of the youth sports club through the study.


The pace of change experienced by modern businesses is phenomenal. The responsibilities of businesses and their impact on communities in which they operate and seek to serve are more important now than ever before. Global competition, the knowledge economy, and the potential offered by emerging technologies along with environmental pressures and growing societal commitment to the principle of sustainable development pose profound strategic challenges for business. Businesses today have to abandon many of the principles that have guided generations of managers, and develop a new set of objectives and rules that will enable them to successfully manage change and guide them to transform into 21st century organisations. As organisations try to meet these change challenges, they need to be innovative and to produce knowledge-intensive services desired by the market so as maintain competitive advantage. Many organisations are convinced that they benefit from encouraging responsible business practices. Corporate social responsibility concerns the management of an organisation's total impact upon its immediate stakeholders and upon the society within which it operates. This paper is based, primarily, on a review of literature as part of an on-going PhD research study of 'the contribution of knowledge and change management to competitiveness in sustainable urban environments'. It reviews the key drivers, challenges and benefits associated with managing corporate social responsibility knowledge. It also presents a conceptual framework for managing corporate social responsibility knowledge. The paper concludes that managing corporate social sustainability knowledge is an integrated and complex process. This has culture, people, technology, communication, leadership and organisational structures at its core. It is suggested that qualitative research is necessary to uncover many of the complex and intricate issues associated with managing corporate social responsibility knowledge.


Objective To evaluate the results of the treatment of cervical fracture with cervical spinal cord injury by anterior decompression and locking plate internal fixation.Methods 46 cases were treated by anterior decompression,iliac crest autograft and locking titanium plate internal fixation.All cases were reexamined by X-ray film postoperatively.The functions of the spinal cord were evaluated with Frankle classification.Results 41 cases were followed up for an average of 2.5 years.The bone grafts fused completely after 3 months.All cases got satisfactory cervical intervertebral space and cervical lordosis recovery.There was no complication of hardware.The function of the spinal cord was improved 1 grade on average.Conclusions The internal fixation with locking titanium plate with anterior decompression can significantly promote the fusion of bone graft and restore cervical stability.


A clinical nurse specialist is part of a British team helping doctors in Russia develop their own cystic fibrosis service.


Using data on 30 post-socialist countries this paper provides evidence that individuals with some association with the Communist Party before 1991 are more likely to bribe twenty years after the collapse of socialism and that inherited norms of bribery from Communist Party members explains this finding.


In both the literature on inclusive education and in international policy development, there has been considerable interest in the use of sets of indicators for the implementation of inclusive education at national and local levels. Drawing on sets of indicators developed in Europe and the Pacific Islands, this study proposes a set of such indicators for Kuwait. These indicators are then presented in a survey of 161 special education teachers working in public elementary mainstream schools across Kuwait. Analysis of the results is used to explore how such indicators could play a role in promoting policy implementation for inclusive education in Kuwait and more widely in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.


Geometric Fragmentation Statistics.- Physics-Based Statistical Methods.- Further Features of the Mott Statistical Theory.- Reconciling Mott-Statistical and Energy-Based Fragmentation.- Application to the Biaxial Fragmentation of Shells.- Scaling Relations for Fragmenting Shells.- Experimental Fragmentation.- Transcription and Facsimiles of Reports of N.F. Mott.- A Theory of Fragmentation.- Fragmentation of H.E. Shells: a Theoretical Formula for the Distribution of Weights of Fragments.- A Theory of the Fragmentation of Shells and Bombs.- Fragmentation of Shell Casings and the Theory of Rupture in Metals.- A Theory of Fragmentation: Application to Wire Wound Bombs such as the American 20 lb, F..- Fragmentation of Service Projectiles.


The genus Helicotylenchus Steiner, 1945 is diagnosed; eighteen nominal species are redescribed; ten new synonyms and twenty new species are proposed. Helicotylenchus steueri (Stefanski, 1916) Sher, 1961; H. neoformis Siddiqi & Husain, 1964; and H. intermedius (Luc, 1960) Siddiqi & Husain, 1964 are excluded from the genus Helicotylenchus. A key to the species is presented.


This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the application of pre-stressed high strength metal strips in retrofit of RC columns. Six 2/3 scale were deliberately designated with insufficient transverse reinforcement details and tested under constant axial and cyclic lateral load reversals. The level of axial load and the pattern of strengthening were parameters of this study. It was observed that the technique has been capable to enhance the lateral behavior of columns significantly, in terms of ductility. Very ductile behavior was obtained. The height-wise variations of lateral strain on confining strips are studied. The analysis of the fiber-based model of tested columns showed good agreement with experiments.


Systems using software agents (or multi-agent systems, MAS) are becoming more popular within the development mainstream because, as the name suggests, an agent aims to handle tasks autonomously with intelligence. To benefit from autonomous control and reduced running costs, system functions are performed automatically. Agent-oriented considerations are being steadily accepted into the various software design paradigms. Agents may work alone, but most commonly, they cooperate toward achieving some application goal(s). MAS's are components in systems that are viewed as many individuals living in a society working together. From a SE perspective, solving a problem should encompass problem realization, requirements analysis, architecture design and implementation. These steps should be implemented within a life-cycle process including testing, verification, and reengineering to proving the built system is sound. In this paper, we explore the various applications of agent-based systems categorized into different application domains. A baseline is developed herein to help us focus on the core of agent concepts throughout the comparative study and to investigate both the object-oriented and agent-oriented techniques that are available for constructing agent-based systems. In each respect, we address the conceptual background associated with these methodologies and how available tools can be applied within specific domains


The matrilineal genetic composition of 372 samples from the Republic of Guiné‐Bissau (West African coast) was studied using RFLPs and partial sequencing of the mtDNA control and coding region. The majority of the mtDNA lineages of Guineans (94%) belong to West African specific sub‐clusters of L0‐L3 haplogroups. A new L3 sub‐cluster (L3h) that is found in both eastern and western Africa is present at moderately low frequencies in Guinean populations. A non‐random distribution of haplogroups U5 in the Fula group, the U6 among the "Brame" linguistic family and M1 in the Balanta‐Djola group, suggests a correlation between the genetic and linguistic affiliation of Guinean populations. The presence of M1 in Balanta populations supports the earlier suggestion of their Sudanese origin. Haplogroups U5 and U6, on the other hand, were found to be restricted to populations that are thought to represent the descendants of a southern expansion of Berbers. Particular haplotypes, found almost exclusively in East‐African populations, were found in some ethnic groups with an oral tradition claiming Sudanese origin.


Abstract : The purpose of this strategy is to provide broad guidelines for planning and coordinating a Total Quality Management (TQM) education and training program for the DoD acquisition work force. The strategy is organized around long-, mid-, and short-term goals. It also describes resources available to DoD training developers and managers who will subsequently be responsible for TQM education and training of their work force. Included in this strategy is a description of the educational requirements for a TQM awareness program directed at senior-level managers and general managers. A methodology for training development is also proposed. Keywords: Quality, Deming, Acquisition training.


Constitutional perspectives on presidential power the rise of the plebiscitary presidency public politics and the use of values in the Reagan and Bush eras the rebirth of the administrative presidency the plebiscitary presidency and American foreign policy in the Reagan and Bush eras hero worship and the decline of citizenship.


ABSTRACT Network on Chip (NoC) has been suggested as an appropriate solution for the communication demands in Systems on Chip (SoCs). Due to the limitation of the resources in NoC, suitable load distribution over limited resources which is known as mapping problem is a challenging issue. This paper proposes a linearized model of quadratic assignment problem (QAP) to map the tasks to the cores not only to minimize the power consumption but also to improve the performance in NoCs. In addition to the proposed linearized model, two meta-heuristic algorithms such as genetic algorithm and simulated annealing are suggested to solve the considered mapping problem as QAP. The extensive computational study over the well-known benchmarks of the literature of NoCs proves that the proposed linearized formulation performs better than the meta-heuristic approaches in terms of power dissipation and performance of the NoCs.


The present invention relates to fusion protein comprising growth differentiation factor 11 and an epidermal growth factor with increased anti-oxidant activity and a skin cell proliferation effect, and a cosmetic composition for reducing skin wrinkles comprising the same as an effective component, wherein the cosmetic composition of the present invention may be usefully used as a functional cosmetic material in the future.


Based on reanalysis data for the years 1980–2001 from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA-40 data), a climatology of tropospheric zonal-mean water vapor fields and fluxes in isentropic coordinates is presented. In the extratropical free troposphere, eddy fluxes dominate the meridional flux of specific humidity along isentropes. At all levels, isentropic eddy fluxes transport water vapor from the deep Tropics through the subtropics into the extratropics. Isentropic eddy fluxes of specific humidity diverge near the surface and in the tropical and subtropical free troposphere; they converge in the extratropical free troposphere. Isentropic mean advective fluxes of specific humidity play a secondary role in the meridional water vapor transport in the free troposphere; however, they dominate the meridional flux of specific humidity near the surface, where they transport water vapor equatorward and, in the solstice seasons, across the equator. Cross-isentropic mean advective fluxes of specific humidity are especially important in the Hadley circulation, in whose ascending branches they moisten and in whose descending branches they dry the free troposphere. Near the minima of zonal-mean relative humidity in the subtropical free troposphere, the divergence of the cross-isentropic mean advective flux of specific humidity in the descending branches of the Hadley circulation is the dominant divergence in the mean specific humidity balance; it is primarily balanced by convergence of cross-isentropic turbulent fluxes that transport water vapor from the surface upward. Although there are significant isentropic eddy fluxes of specific humidity through the region of the subtropical relative humidity minima, their divergence near the minima is generally small compared with the divergence of cross-isentropic mean advective fluxes, implying that moistening by eddy transport from the Tropics into the region of the minima approximately balances drying by eddy transport into the extratropics. That drying by cross-isentropic mean subsidence near the subtropical relative humidity minima is primarily balanced by moistening by upward turbulent fluxes of specific humidity, likely in convective clouds, suggests cloud dynamics may play a central role in controlling the relative humidity of the subtropical free troposphere.


An anti-sand falling device of a special sand-shooting board for hot-box core making comprises a sand-shooting board, a concave sand blocking board, sand-shooting pipes, rubber sand-shooting nozzles and a sand-shooting head, wherein the sand-shooting head covers the sand-shooting board, the sand-shooting pipes are respectively fixed in a plurality of sand-shooting holes in the sand-shooting board, the concave sand blocking board is inversely buckled on the sand-shooting board so as to cover the plurality of sand-shooting pipes, gaps are left between the tops of the plurality of the sand-shooting pipes and the concave sand blocking board, the bottom ends of the two side walls of the concave sand blocking board are fixed on the sand-shooting board and keep the gaps with the inner cavity wall of the sand-shooting head; and a plurality of rubber sand-shooting nozzles are respectively arranged in the bottom surface of the sand-shooting board by corresponding to the plurality of sand-shooting holes. The anti-sand falling device can be used for effectively preventing the sand falling phenomenon, so that the sand core quality is ensured, the manual repairing process is reduced, the shifting speed of the sand-shooting head is increased, the single circulation time for core making is shortened, the production efficiency is increased, and the precoated sand waste is saved.