The performance of any organization in the competitive economy is highly dependent upon the quality of its management as well as proper implementation of strategic management. Employing a proactive management culture within an organization can enable it to take advantage of opportunities that exist in any business environment. Strategic management is an important tool for any business organization to thrive and prosper. The study aimed at identifying the effects of strategic management practices, specifically planning in the performance of an organization by looking at what planned strategies are currently used by law firms in Mombasa to sustaining growth, effects of innovation and learning on performance of law firms in Mombasa, effects of goal setting as a strategy in the growth of law firms in Mombasa and also identify the effects of implementation strategy on the growth of law firms in Mombasa County. The researcher selected 20 respondents from each law firm making a total of 200 respondents. The study used cross-sectional survey as the design. Questionnaires were the major tools for primary data collection. Data collected was sampled, coded and analyzed with the help of a statistical tool (SPSS v 22).The study findings indicated that strategic planning has a positive correlation with performance. It was clear from the findings that coefficient of determination is 32.4% and that 32.4% of organization performance is attributed and determined by a combination of the four independent factors investigated in this study. The study used the Karl Pearson"s coefficient of correlation (R). and showed a positive correlation between performance and planned strategies giving a correlation figure of 0.253, performance, innovation and learning giving a correlation figure of 0.321, performance and goal setting with a correlation figure of 0.041, and a positive correlation between performance and strategy implementation with a correlation figure of 0170. © 2016 Elixir All rights reserved. Elixir Org. Behaviour 94 (2016) 40252-40259 Organizational Behaviour Available online at www.elixirpublishers.com (Elixir International Journal) Tele: E-mail address: © 2016 Elixir All rights reserved Muthee Nkatha Sheila and Datche Owuor/ Elixir Org. Behaviour 94 (2016) 40252-40259 40253 Guilding, (2012) found out that different organizations dealing with different products and services constitute varying levels of performance and varying degrees of fit. They further states that Support is provided for the equifinality proposition (a principle that in open systems a given end state can be reached by many potential means), thus different strategic and structural alternatives are associated with similar performance levels. 1.1 Law firms in Mombasa County Law has been practiced in Kenya for many years and regarded as a noble profession guided by certain norms and practices. There have been major changes in the way law firms run their operations for the past decade. Legal practitioners for instance, were not permitted to advertise and market their services. However this has changed in the present days with many of this firms competing fairly just like any other business in the market to offer services to its clientele. These firms therefore have had embrace business management principles and practices in order to for them to remain competitive and sustainable in the market. In Mombasa the case is similar, there are over 500 law firms operating in Mombasa. These firms are faced by a number of challenges while serving their Clients. Key among them include lack of strategic plans, market sustainability and profit generation and lack of specialization in the market to meet the legal demand available i.e in the fields such as constitutional law, elections law, international law, environmental law, mining law, company law, intellectual property law, procurement law etc. ( Mwalimu, J ,2014, Kiprono A.E, 2013) The study therefore, will benefit law firms in Mombasa Kenya by providing these firms with knowledge to strategically place themselves in the market and offer quality services. Individual law firms can also carry out advanced research work on service provision and sustainability in the business with the help of this research. Law firms in Kenya have achieved and sustained their longstanding competitive advantage through various strategic management practices. The legal industry in Kenya has become very competitive and for a legal firm to survive it has to have a well laid out strategy to prove its purpose and existence in the industry. In the present era of globalization, industries and enterprises compete and confront each other on the global scale. The playing field is no more level, the rules not obvious and hierarchy doesn"t provide context and orientation. According to Cole (1997) strategic management is a process by which managers can transform environmental factors (along with various internal, personal, and political considerations) into decisions that result in strategies (and plans of action for reaching them) that help guide the organization into the future and result in a sustainable competitive advantage. The effects of competition can be determined in terms of competitors; the labor force and the market size. All organizations face stiff competition from others which normally have competitive advantage over each other since they are all competing for the same clientele base. According to Cole (1999) the dynamism of hypercompetitive markets leads to an increasing divergence between intended and emerging strategies and, therefore, there is need for the explicit promotion of emergent strategies, allowing the corporation to react faster and become more flexible to trends in the hypercompetitive markets. The performance of a legal firm depends on the extent to which the use of strategic planning is realized in order to accomplish the set objectives and mission statement of that organization. Strategic planning therefore focuses upon long term objectives and short-term priorities. Awell-structured strategic plan enables management to comprehend the relationship of goals, objectives and action attainment. However, strategic planning is still not appreciated by the law firms and is still faced with some challenges in the legal profession. (Cole, 1997, Boniface 2007, kuratko, Hornsby and Hayton 2011). It is therefore for this reason that the researcher intends to shade some light on the strategies adopted by law firms in responding to completions. Therefore, this study seeks to answer the question: What are the strategic planning practices adopted by Kenyan law firms in gaining competitive advantage. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Issue Based (or Goal Based) Planning This model involves the carrying out of SWOT analysis to identify the organization"s strengths, weakness opportunities and threats. The analysis may be for both internal and external factors. The model also deals with the following aspects including identifying and prioritizing major issues or goals, Design major strategies or programs to address issues in an organization , Designing and updating vision, mission and values, Establish action plans (objectives, resource needs, roles and responsibilities for implementation), Record issues, goals, strategies and or programs, updated mission and vision,and action plans in a Strategic Plan document, and attach SWOT analysis document, Develop yearly Operating Plan document, Develop and authorize Budget for year one funds needed to fund year one, Conduct the organization"s year-one operations and Monitoring reviewing and updating Strategic Plan document. (Hill and Jones,1998) 2.2 Alignment Model The Alignment model ensures strong alignment among the organization"s mission and its resources to effectively operate the organization. This model is useful for organizations that need to fine-tune strategies or find out why they are not working. Organizations experiencing a large number of issues around internal efficiencies might choose this model. This can be done through outlining of the organization"s mission, programs, resources, and needed support by the planning group, Identifying what"s working well and what needs adjustment, Identifying how these adjustments should be made and including the adjustments as strategies in the strategic plan to attain optimal performance. (Hill and Jones,1998) 2.3 Scenario Planning This approach helps planners to undertake strategic thinking. The model may be useful in identifying strategic issues and goals. The model is implemented through selecting several external forces and imagining related changes which might influence the organization performance, for example changes in regulations and demographic changes. Scanning newspapers and any other relevant information materials for key headlines, often suggesting potential changes, that might affect the organization"s performance. Forecasting organizational scenarios (including best case, worst case, and OK/reasonable case) which might arise with the organization as a result of each change. Reviewing the worst-case scenario often provokes strong motivation to change the organization. Muthee Nkatha Sheila and Datche Owuor/ Elixir Org. Behaviour 94 (2016) 40252-40259 40254 Suggesting what the organization might do, or potential strategies, in each of the three scenarios to respond to each change. Detecting common considerations or strategies that must be addressed to respond to possible external changes and finally selecting the most likely external changes to effect the organization. (Hill and Jones,1998) 2.4 Conceptual Framework


When Buzz Lightyear (in Toy Story) discovered that he couldn't actually fly into space he was totally devastated. And looking at this issue of Quest I can understand his sorrow. What can I say about our special edition for the International Year of Astronomy 2009? Wow!


Epitaxial LaNiO/sub 3/ metallic oxide thin films have been grown on c-axis oriented YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// thin films on LaAlO/sub 3/ substrates by pulsed laser deposition technique and the interface formed between the two films has been examined by measuring the contact conductance of the same. The specific contact conductance of the interface measured using a modified four probe method was found to be 1.4 to 6/spl times/10/sup 4/ ohm/sup -1/ cm/sup -2/ at 77 K. There are indications that contact conductance can be brought closer to that obtained for noble metal-YBCO interface.


The degree of extraction was fixed at 85% in order to secure a flour which should contain: (a) As much as possible of the B vitamins, including riboflavin and nicotinic acid and especially of vitamin B, present in the whole wheat. (b) As much protein as possible, including a high proportion of that situated in the outer layers of the grain. This protein is known to possess a higher nutritive value than that contained in white flour. (c) As little bran as possible, so that there should be no risk of loss of nutritive value due to presence of much indigestible material. Wartime diets already contain much vegetable food, with relatively large amounts of roughage; it is undesirable to increase this further.


(57) Abstract: an object to provide a system and method for monitoring a sufficient driving safety both to ensure availability of a satisfactory MSR- device (2). The present invention, occurrence of an error function, directly monitoring system rather than bring to transition to a safe state, characterized in that increasing the counter reading of the counter (4). That is, when the counter state is greater than a predetermined value, the monitoring system, to achieve the above object by the transition to a safe state.


The Pais–Uhlenbeck model is a quantum theory described by a higher-derivative field equation. It has been believed for many years that this model possesses ghost states (quantum states of negative norm) and therefore that this model is a physically unacceptable quantum theory. The existence of such ghost states was believed to be attributable to the field equation having more than two derivatives. This paper shows that the Pais–Uhlenbeck model does not possess any ghost states at all and that it is a perfectly acceptable quantum theory. The supposed ghost states in this model arise if the Hamiltonian of the model is (incorrectly) treated as being Dirac Hermitian (invariant under combined matrix transposition and complex conjugation). However, the Hamiltonian is not Dirac Hermitian, but rather it is symmetric. When it is quantized correctly according to the rules of quantum mechanics, the energy spectrum is real and bounded below and all of the quantum states have positive norm.


The neoliberal situation implies in new ways of being from the State and the corporations. The State configures itself in a way to gradually move away from what s called 'social question', driving and promoting, on the other hand, the treatment by ways of the 'Third Sector'. In this context, emerges a new (kind of) answer, to act in the social area with more articulation, strategy and organicism by the corporations through their institutes and stablishments: the Corporate Social Responsibility. Key-words: State, neoliberalism, third sector, corporate social responsibility. 1 Academico do curso de Ciencias Sociais (FAFCS/DECIS) da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Rua Manoel Serralha no 712, Uberlândia-MG, CEP: 38408-246, email@example.com. 2 Professor de Sociologia e Ciencia Politica do Departamento de Ciencias Sociais da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Avenida Manoel dos Santos no 70, Apto 902, Uberlândia-MG, CEP: 38408-022, email@example.com.


Skinks from the genera Eulamprus, Gnypetoscincus and Nangura are a prominent component of the reptile fauna of the mesic forests of the east coast of Australia and have been the subject of numerous ecological studies. Highly conserved morphology and the retention of ancestral traits have limited our understanding of the relationships within and among these genera beyond an initial identification of species groups within Eulamprus. To address this deficit and to explore the relationships between Eulamprus and the monotypic genera Nangura and Gnypetoscincus, sections of two mitochondrial genes (ND4 and 16S rRNA) were sequenced and subjected to Bayesian phylogenetic analysis. This phylogenetic analysis supports recognition of the three species groups proposed for Eulamprus (murrayi, quoyii and tenuis) and indicates that this genus is paraphyletic, with Gnypetoscincus and Nangura being proximal to basal lineages of the tenuis group. To resolve these and broader problems of paraphyly, we suggest that each of the species groups from 'Eulamprus' should be recognised as a distinct genus. The phylogenetically and ecologically distinct water skinks of the quoyii group would be retained within Eulamprus and the diverse species of the tenuis group allocated to Concinnia. We suggest placing the monophyletic murrayi group, endemic to the rainforests of central eastern Australia, in a new genus ( yet to be formally described). The sequencing data also revealed the existence of a genetically divergent but morphologically cryptic lineage within E. murrayi and substantial diversity within E. quoyii. There is evidence for two major habitat shifts from rainforest towards drier habitats, one leading to the quoyii group and the second defining a clade of three species within the tenuis complex. These ecological transitions may represent adaptations to general drying across eastern Australia during the late Miocene - Pliocene. Each of the major areas of east coast tropical or subtropical rainforest contains multiple phylogenetically diverse endemic species, reflecting the long-term persistence and high conservation value of wet forest habitats in each area.


ABSTRACT Sediment-water interface nitrogen (N) transformations and water column ammonium cycling rates were measured along a stream to lake gradient at three sites within Old Woman Creek (OWC) and one near-shore Lake Erie site during two hydrological regimes: one with open flow to the lake after a rain event (July 2003), and another with a sand barrier blocking flow (July 2004). Net N2 effluxes in OWC at all times and at the near-shore Lake Erie site in July 2003 suggest that sediments are a N sink via denitrification. Observed dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) may counteract some of this N removal, particularly when the creek mouth is closed. Upstream, a closed creek mouth led to higher sediment oxygen demand, net N2 flux, potential DNRA, and potential denitrification rates. The lake site exhibited lower rates of these processes with the creek mouth closed except denitrification potential, which was unchanged. Denitrification in OWC appeared to drive N limitation in the lower wet-land when the sand barrier was blocking flow to the lake. Higher potential versus in situ denitrification estimates imply that water column NO3− limits and drives denitrification in OWC. Water column to sediment regeneration ratios suggest that sediment recycling may drive primary production in the OWC interior when the creek mouth is closed and new N inputs from runoff are absent, but more data are needed to confirm these apparent trends. Overall, hydrological regime in OWC appeared to have a greater impact on sediment N processes than on water column cycling.


This paper classifies the determinants of corporate capital structure that have been shown since the coming of MM theorem.It is shown that the determinants of corporate capital structure can be classfied into three kinds: micro firm-specific factors,industry-specific factors,and macro country-specific factors.Based on the classification.I survey every factor,generalize the relation between these factors and capital structure,and the relation shown by empirical tests.


In England, the Baltic Rush is confined to a small area of the Birkdale Sandhills on the Sefton Coast, Merseyside. Since 1982, several sites in the north of its range here have been lost but the plant has spread southwards and now occupies a 34% larger area than previously. Likely reasons for these changes are examined. Associated vascular taxa and phytosociological affinities are described. Updated information is given on the two Juncus balticus hybrids that occur in Merseyside and Lancashire, while the conservation of these plants is discussed.


This study has been concerned with the evaluation of material characteristics affecting the crack resistance of bituminous mixtures used in the State of Ohio. Four typical asphaltic mixtures conforming to Ohio's specifications were used. The evaluation of mixture characteristics was carried out using Marshall stability criteria, fracture toughness, dynamic modulus, modulus of resilience, indirect tensile strength and fatigue life estimation. It is shown that at low and intermediate service temperatures, the fatigue response is a controlling criterion, and the fatigue parameter A is found to be an adequate representation of mixture properties. It has been concluded that the fatigue-associated mixture design could be optimized using the principles of fracture mechanics.


The work of soil and water conservation in Tanwan Province began promoted by Chinese Rural Revival United Committee,whcih focused on training of soil and water conservation technician,and demonstration of comprehensive controlling.This article describes the history evolution of soil and water conservation in Taiwan and Soil and Water Conservation Bureau of Taiwan's particular portfolio of business and organizational structure,while on the vision for future development,strategies,and objectives of management of suggestions,providing industry,government,and academia contribute to a deeper extension.


Epitaxial PbTiO3 thin films were grown on SrTiO3(001) and DyScO3(110) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. We used high-resolution transmission electron microscopy to investigate the 90° domain structure in the films. They were found to have a predominant fraction of c domains along with a certain minor volume fraction of a domains that is clearly higher in case of the DyScO3 substrates. In PbTiO3 on SrTiO3 the a domains were found to have a wedge shape, whereas in PbTiO3 on SrRuO3∕DyScO3 they have a nearly uniform width. The presence of steps in the domain walls has been observed in the films on both substrates, but the steps are clearly more dominant in the case of SrTiO3 than of SrRuO3∕DyScO3 and are responsible for the observed wedge shape. The observed difference in the films induced by the two substrates is attributed to a higher stiffness of SrTiO3 than of SrRuO3∕DyScO3 as we corroborated with nanoindentation experiments.


Regenerated luffa cellulose film is prepared from treated natural luffa fibers in[BMIM]Cl ionic liquid.Its dissolution process was observed with polarizing microscope.The regenerated cellulose film was characterized by infrared spectroscopes,scanning electron microscopy,and strength test.The results showed that[BMIM]Cl is a good non-derivatizing solvent for natural luffa cellulose whose crystalline form transformed completely from cellulose I to cellulose Ⅱ after regenerated directly from[BMIM]Cl solution.


The paper discusses the construction planning for airline terminal logistics information platform in the following aspects as object orientation,entire framework,function design and implementing measures,etc.


1 MSc Student, Department of Pediatrics Nursing, Student`s Research Committee, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 2 Professor, Research Center of Evidence Based Medicine, Department of Pediatrics Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 3 Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 4 Instructor, Department of medical Surgical Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran 5 Assistant Professor, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Iran * Corresponding author: Sousan Valizadeh, Professor, Department of Pediatrics Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. E-mail: email@example.com


The models of Tyler, Bloom and Carroll that made an echo in the world of education from 1949 to 19641 heavily influenced mastery learning model. Naming this theory as "school learning", Benjamin Bloom investigated the reasons of individual differences that were seen in the schools where mass learning took place and tried to explain the necessary measures needed to be taken in order to minimize these individual differences for the benefit of student, school and society 2,3. In other words, school learning or mastery learning theory claims that when all the students are provided with additional time and learning opportunities, they can get the new behaviors that are desired to be taught at schools. According to Bloom, there are hereditary crucial differences in terms of mental capacities among people. However, these differences remain as a tiny detail besides the inequalities and injustices that emerged during the education process. The quality of the teaching activities that take place at schools is among the most important variables that determine the level of learning. Bloom's model depends on the assumption that "if they are provided with an equal, fair and adequate learning opportunity, all of the students can learn". Bloom's views focuses on the quality of teaching activities at schools, the reasons of the individual differences among the students, and how to iron these reasons out through effective teaching methods.


AIM:To study the effect of coronal preflaring on the degree of root canal curvature in premolars and molars.METHODS:Forty-eight premolars and forty-eight first and second molars,with the degree of curvature from 12°~35° determined by Schneider′s method,were selected for this study.According to the degree of curvature,the specimen of premolars and molars were respectively divided into two groups.One from 12°~20° and the other from 21°~35°.The changes of degree of root canal curvature before and after coronal preflaring with Gates Glidden drills were compared.RESUTLS:The degree of root canal curvature before and after coronal preflaring for each group was different significantly (P0.05).The changes of curvature degree for two premolar groups were not different significantly (P0.05).However,the changes of two molar groups were different significantly (P0.05).In the group with the degree from 21°~35°,the change of curvature degree of molars was larger than that of premolars (P0.05). CONCLUSION:Coronal preflaring can make curved root canal preparation easy because the degree of root canal curvature were reduced significantly by Gates Glidden drills.And the curvatures of molars were reduced more.


This paper explores the use of the software package, Matlab and Excel in the implementation of the finite difference method to solve partial differential equations (PDE's.). It aimed to examine the strength of the forward explicit method and backward implicit method in solving PDE's. A comparison was made between the forward explicit method and the backward implicit method for their stability. The FDM method was used to solve partial differential equations of heat. Numerical examples were also created and analysed to show the strengths of each method. The results shows that the forward explicit method is conditionally stable because the stability it requires a small step size of time 't' compared to space 'x' for stability. The backward implicit method is unconditionally stable because it depends on the local truncation error considerations.


This paper provides new evidence that sheds light on the effect of financial development on economic growth in nine MENA countries over the period of 1991–2009. The empirical results using the Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) estimators reveal financial development is a statistically significant determinant of economic growth, but the impact is more apparent on stock market development than banking sector development. This finding suggests that improving the functioning of the banking sector is crucial to spur economic growth in MENA countries.


A sensitive method was developed to determine trace amount of dissolved oxygen in non-aqueous solvents based on the characteristic of fluorescence quenching of a ruthenium complex with molecular oxygen. The new modified organic sol-gel oxygen-sensitive films were prepared with copolymer precursors, methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and fluorescent indicator, tris (2, 2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II) dichloride hexahydrate, (Ru(bpy)3)Cl2 · 6H2O. Under the optimum operation conditions, the films were sensitive to the dissolved oxygen in organic solvents. The response time was less than 30 seconds. The linear ranges of dissolved oxygen in 1, 3-butanediol, glycerol, propylene glycol and PEG-400 are 0–73.6 mg/L, 0–116.4 mg/L, 0–205.7 mg/L and 0–165.0 mg/L, respectively. RSDs (n = 6) of the above solvents were 3.5%, 5.4%, 2.8% and 1.0%, respectively. The proposed method could be used for the determination of trace amount of dissolved oxygen in organic solvents.


With the increasing number of adoptees in Sweden, so has the amount of literature regarding different aspects of adoption. The aim of this study is to explore the construction of adoptees in childr ...


Aberrant hepatocyte Notch activation is required for development of NASH-associated fibrosis, and Notch inhibition ameliorates obesity-induced liver disease. Taking liver fibrosis down a Notch Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a liver disease characterized by fat accumulation, inflammation, and liver cell damage. Here, Zhu et al. focused on Notch signaling in NASH and associated liver fibrosis. Expression of Notch target genes was increased in liver biopsies from patients with more severe NASH, and a mouse model of diet-induced NASH showed increased hepatocyte Notch expression. Notch signaling activated hepatic stellate cells, leading to liver fibrosis. Inhibiting Notch signaling using a liver-targeted antisense oligonucleotide reduced liver fibrosis in a diet-induced NASH mouse model. This study suggests that targeting hepatocyte Notch signaling could be therapeutic for NASH-associated liver fibrosis. Fibrosis is the major determinant of morbidity and mortality in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) but has no approved pharmacotherapy in part because of incomplete understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms. Here, we report that hepatocyte Notch activity tracks with disease severity and treatment response in patients with NASH and is similarly increased in a mouse model of diet-induced NASH and liver fibrosis. Hepatocyte-specific Notch loss-of-function mouse models showed attenuated NASH-associated liver fibrosis, demonstrating causality to obesity-induced liver pathology. Conversely, forced activation of hepatocyte Notch induced fibrosis in both chow- and NASH diet–fed mice by increasing Sox9-dependent Osteopontin (Opn) expression and secretion from hepatocytes, which activate resident hepatic stellate cells. In a cross-sectional study, we found that OPN explains the positive correlation between liver Notch activity and fibrosis stage in patients. Further, we developed a Notch inhibitor [Nicastrin antisense oligonucleotide (Ncst ASO)] that reduced fibrosis in NASH diet–fed mice. In summary, these studies demonstrate the pathological role and therapeutic accessibility of the maladaptive hepatocyte Notch response in NASH-associated liver fibrosis.


This study aims to characterize the family support the elderly with impaired functional capacity from the perspective of the caregiver. The study was conducted in four health units in Jequie-BA. Data were collected through semi-structured interview and questionnaire to the families. Through content analysis yielded the following categories: significance of impairment of functional capacity; family relationship before the impairment of functional capacity; family relationship after the impairment of functional capacity; family's perception of the guidelines of the health team; perceptions and feelings to be caregivers for the elderly, assessment of the limits and potential of family support, perceptions of social support network. Among the findings highlight the finding of a lack of expertise and preparation of families to care for the dependent elderly and weakness of a network of social support and health to the family and the elderly. Keywords: elderly; functional impairment; family, daily activities; family support.


Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to the outstanding figure of vocal art of Slobozhanshchyna Mykola Fedorovych Manoilo (1927–1998), the opera singer, who was awarded the title of "People's Artist of the USSR" (1976) for impeccable performance of baritone parts of the classical repertoire on the stage of Kharkiv Theatre of Opera and Ballet, as well as of the chamber repertoire compiled of Ukrainian folk songs and works by Ukrainian composers. Based on his own experience of studying in the class of solo singing of M. Manoilo (1988), the author of the article offers the experience of scientific and methodological generalization of creative principles of vocal pedagogy of the teacher, while emphasizing the role of Manoilo as a unique singer. The relevance of the topic and its practical significance are stipulated by the urgent need of vocal pedagogy to form a tradition of scientific reflection on the specialization of the vocalist, the representation of classical guidelines and methods in the modern dimension, establishing creative contacts of different generations. The purpose of the article is to reveal the pedagogical principles by M. Manoilo as an outstanding representative of the Kharkiv vocal school, genealogy and dominant features of his performing creative work. Analysis of recent research and publications. The creative figure of M. Manoilo has not yet received serious coverage in the domestic musicology yet. Existing sources are brief biographic descriptions in reference books and encyclopaedias, the anthology "Ukrainian singers in the memoirs of contemporaries, compiler I. Lysenko (2003), or mentions of his name in books on the artistic life of Kharkiv (O. Chepalov, 2012; Tsurkan, 2013). The methodology contains a number of interrelated approaches to the study of the phenomenon of the singer's artistic personality: historiographical, biographical, performing, and phenomenological. Presentation of basic research material. M. Manoilo inherited the principles of vocal pedagogy from P. Golubev, who taught at the Kharkiv Conservatory (1930–1953) and was the successor of the classical school of Italian bel canto singing, as a student of F. Bugamelli, which was involved by I. Slatin in teaching vocals at the Kharkiv Music College (1901–1918). The creative principles of the artist-interpreter M. Manoilo are a compendium of his mastery: ● orientation on the generally accepted standard of sounding of a voice (bel canto); ● persistent search for individual reading of the role on the path of constant musical and intellectual self-growth; ● word culture; ● unity of sound-forming technology and artistic and aesthetic principles of a musical work, due to its genre and stylistic nature; ● psychological authenticity (own experience of "entering" the image and its "living-through") and the singer's ability for self-analysis; ● mental and psychological signs of artistic personality – great persistence and strength of character, the desire to reach the highest point (acme) of creative self-representation. The "denominator" of M. Manoilo's performing skills is the style – the performer's orientation for the accuracy of the composer's text. The results obtained. The principles of M. Manoilo's vocal pedagogy were based on the basis of generalization of own scenic experience as a system of generally acquired and personality-oriented principles: – sound culture (uniformity of construction of the singing range; flexibility, strength, flight of voice, use of mixed register, rounding, covering); sound word culture; attention to diction; – author-centrism of the singer's interpretation of the vocal-stage image; – high artistic taste, which is formed through the education of musicality, diverse repertoire, and a sense of performance drama; – high artistic taste, which is formed through the education of musicality, diverse repertoire, and a sense of performance drama; – trust in intuition, which the singer should constantly "check" with his/her own intellect according to the composer's text. Conclusions. As the heir of the Italian tradition of singing, in all genres of performance M. Manoilo represented such qualities as: proper breathing (free passage of all resonator zones), beautifully designed, high-quality singing tone, theatrical voice, which was overlapping the sound of the orchestra, sonority, flight, equality of the whole range. From the domestic singing paradigm one should add to Manoilo's artistic portfolio the following: ● recitative-speech cut of vocal intonation (melodic nature of singing is enriched by the relief of declamatory vocalization); ● clear diction of the word being sung to reach the minds and hearts of listeners and establish a dialogue with the author; ● cordocentrism – a particularly intense intra-emotional tone of performance as a personification of the Ukrainian "philosophy of the heart" (Н. Skovoroda); ● integrative type of performing thinking – the unity of poetic-intonation and stage-artistic image of the singer. If a super-goal of music is, according to Aristotle, the entelechy, then singing technique is a way to achieve it. Such was the universal basis of M. Manoilo's requirements of to himself, as well as to the students of his solo singing class


Abstract The vastly decorated and painted trucks are a prominent feature of Pakistani culture. In this paper, the researcher advocate an understanding of Pakistani truck art as a form of popular culture with a strong potential as arena of contest. This potential is exemplified in three different domains, namely the religious, the political and the cultural. Truck art is employed by various groups - truck painters, drivers, etc. - to resist dominant interpretations, to contest meanings and to produce open-ended discourses on signification.


The article examines and analyzes the history of the formation and development of the military command of military-economic formations in Ukraine in the first half of the 19th century. Research methods. An important aspect of the methodological basis is the use of general scientific and special scientific methods: analysis and synthesis, historical, biographical, classification, problem-chronological. Scientific novelty is that for the first time the military leadership of military-economic formations in Ukraine, participation in the development and implementation of projects on the organization of military settlements of cavalry have been comprehensively investigated. Among the higher military and political command, an experienced commander, cavalry general, intelligence officer, earl Ivan Witt (1781–1840) was chosen to implement the plan to create settled structures on the territory of Ukraine. Conclusions. So, the data we obtained allow us to state that the cavalry general, scout, earl Ivan Witt entered the structure of the military and political elite in Ukraine in the first half of the 19th century. An important initial indicator of military-political "elitism" was the ownership of great counts and princes. Earl I. Witt became one of the most influential and trusted military leaders of the governments of Emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I, received a number of awards. He proposed measures to improve the military-settlement system in Ukraine. Thanks to his experience, professionalism, initiative and brilliant organizational skills, commanding skills of a military leader and charisma, the cavalry settlement quickly switched to food from the land at a lower cost than the infantry settlement


Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of different way in treating iron deficiency anemia.Methods The clinical data of 140 patients with iron deficiency anemia from December 2011 to August 2012 were reviewed.The 140 patients were divided into the infusion group(70 cases) and oral group(70 cases) by different way in treatting iron deficiency anemia.Compared the efficacy of the two groups.Results After treatment,the total efficiency of infusion group(100%) was significantly higher than that of oral group(80.00%),P0.05.Conclusion The effect of intravenous injection of iron supplementation was significantly superior to oral,and has low incidence of adverse reactions and complications,so it is worthy of clinical application.


Over the past decade, Belgium, like many OECD countries, has set out to modernize the management of its public affairs. In April 2000, the Belgian federal government adopted a far-reaching reform of the structures and functioning of the State: the Copernic Plan. One of the ambitions of the changes introduced by the reform is the accountability of senior civil servants. In line with this reform, various measures were developed, the results of which appear to be mixed. This article aims to analyse the outcome of these mechanisms through the behaviour of the stakeholders and their impacts on the regulation and practice of the mechanisms. To do this, the author uses the strategic analysis developed by Crozier and Friedberg (1977). In doing so, the interaction of the stakeholders in response to the measures introduced to increase accountability is highlighted in order to understand certain stand-offs still blocking the processes of modernization. Points for practitioners This contribution sets out to analyse the outcome of the measures introduced to increase the accountability of senior civil servants by the Belgian federal reform passed in 2000, the Copernic Plan. To do so, the author uses the strategic analysis developed by Crozier and Friedberg (1977) and therefore considers the political-administrative space in which the accountability measures are rolled out as a concrete action system. Within it, the resistance of the stakeholders involved in the development of the mechanisms and their implementation are studied, shedding light on the destruction of certain measures in the regulation and their hijacking in practice.


The seminal plasma is considered a heterogeneous mixture of components that affect sperm functions in vivo and in vitro. Numerous studies in different species of mammals show the presence of seminal plasma proteins directly linked to fertility. Thus, the objective of the present study was to develop a protocol for purification of two proteins of the Binder Sperm protein (BSP) family, named Ram Seminal Vesicle Proteins with 14 kDa (RSVP14) and 22 kDa (RSVP22). Seminal samples were collected from 16 adult Morada Nova rams by eletroejaculation. Andrological evaluation confirmed that all animals were healthy and reproductively sound. Seminal plasma was separated from sperm by two centrifugations (700g 4oC 15 min and 5000g 4oC 60 min). A pool was made with the seminal plasma from all 16 animals and stored at -20°C. Protein concentration was determined by the Bradford method. Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC) was used to separate proteins (10 mg total) from the seminal plasma samples using a Gelatin-SepharoseTM column and binding buffer consisting of 40mM Tris and 2mM CaCl2, pH 7.0. In addition, elution buffer comprised of 40mM Tris, 8M Urea and 2mM CaCl2, pH 7.0 was also used. Proteins were eluted in three chromatographic peaks. The first two peaks contained proteins with low affinity for gelatin and the third peak included proteins with high affinity for gelatin. This last group of proteins probably contains fibronectin type II domains in their structure. All three peaks of the eluted content were concentrated using a 10kDa filter (MWCO Vivaspin 10,000 Da, GE) and the material retained by the filter was quantified by Bradford's method. An aliquot of 20 µg was removed from each peak and subjected to 12.5% SDS-PAGE. To confirm the presence of the BSP proteins in the seminal plasma samples, Western blots were carried out using antiram BSP as primary antibody (1: 6,000) and Dnk to pAb Rb IgG anti-rabbit (1: 5,000) as secondary antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, UK). The molecular weights of the proteins separated by electrophoresis were confirmed using Quantity One software (Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA). The bands detected in the gelatin affinity peak were between 12 and 52kDa. Immunodetection by Western Blot showed specific staining for BSPs in all peaks analyzed, with higher staining in the gelatin affinity peak. The gelatin affinity peak was subjected to affinity chromatography on HiTrap ™ Heparin HP column with binding buffer consisting of Tris 40 mM and ClCa2 2mM, pH 7.0 and elution buffer consisting of Tris 40 mM, 2 mM CaCl2 and NaCl2 1mM, pH 7.0. Two chromatographic peaks were well formed and defined. The first peak represented the non-ligated fraction with a maximum amplitude of 120 mAu; and the second peak representing the heparin affinity with 80 mAu for maximum amplitude. The two peaks were centrifuged twice at 5000g for 60 min at 4°C using the 10kDa filter used before. All the material retained on the filter was again quantified by Bradford's method. The proteins in the two peaks were detected by SDS-PAGE and Western Blots as described above. By Quantity One analyses, the first peak showed 5 bands of 14, 15, 22, 24 and 40 kDa, while the second peak showed 6 bands of 12, 16, 21, 22, 170 and 198 kDa. The Western blot testing confirmed the presence of BSP proteins of 14 kDa for the first peak and 22-kDa in the both peaks Therefore, it was observed in the present study that quantitative technique using two affinity columns identified two proteins of interest, but RSVP´s couldn't be completely isolated. Soon, it is necessary to use a third chromatographic column to separate completely the two protein bands and use them in functional tests.


In his testimony to South Africa's Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Lucas Baba Sikwepere, blinded by a police officer known colloquially in East London as 'the Rambo of the Peninsula,' pointed to the connections between healing and narrative: "I feel what has been making me sick all the time is the fact that I couldn't tell my story. But now I – it feels like I got my sight back by coming here and telling you my story" (quoted in Krog 30).
Almost a decade has passed since the TRC's report, but the association of narrative with healing remains relevant within twenty-first-century South African theatre. Two contemporary South African playwrights who seek to imagine strategies of cultural reparation and healing are Tembi Mtshali in A Woman in Waiting and Sello Maake ka Ncube in Komeng. Mtshali's play dramatizes, through the central metaphor of waiting, the pain of black domestic workers who raise white children at the expense of caring for their own. Mtshali identifies her one-woman play as part of her own healing process and connects this healing directly to communal expiation, explaining that the play was written to give voice to women denied agency within the new South Africa. Mtshali therefore emphasizes the recuperative power of performing women's stories – stories that have not, so far, been privileged within dominant apartheid or even anti-apartheid narratives. In a different way, Komeng responds to the current crisis of gendered violence against South African women by performing various masculine identities in order to interrogate the violent underpinnings of ideological constructions of masculinity in South Africa.
In examining some recent South African plays in conjunction with Judith Butler's theories of performativity in Excitable Speech, this paper demonstrates that theatre in South Africa might provide more than Burkean "equipment for living." Mtshali states in her performance of A Woman in Waiting, "When I take a walk through this museum in me, I understand the power of facing the past" (A Woman in Waiting, unpublished manuscript), and twenty-first-century South African theatre might indeed perform survival strategies that neither obscure reality nor deflect the past but, instead, engender a far more recuperative process of communal expiation and healing.


Large bowel obstruction is a common surgical emergency with a number of possible etiologies. Management requires prompt identification and referral to further investigation and intervention. Early diagnosis and management planning is the key to reducing morbidity and mortality associated with large bowel obstruction. Malignancy accounts for approximately 60-70% of all cases of dynamic large bowel obstruction. Other causes include diverticular disease (20%) and volvulus. The mortality and morbidity rates are dependent upon the etiology and the patient's age at presentation.


Abstract In the present work, the welding parameters of tungsten inert gas (TIG) and activated tungsten inert gas (ATIG) welding processes were compared on duplex stainless steel with two protective gases (Ar and ArHeN2). The addition of an activating flux can improve the TIG welding process. The ATIG process involves an increase in the penetration as well as a reduction in the number of passes for a thickness higher than 2 mm for stainless steel or other metallic materials. Metallographic observations, chemical analyses and mechanical tests were performed. The results show the importance of the welding parameters, the protective gas and the use of a flux on the characteristics of the weld beads, its microstructure, its hardness and its behaviour in corrosion after welding.


ABSTRACT Taxonomic studies of benthic harpacticoids from sublittoral habitats in the Southern Sea of Korea were performed. Three new species belonging to the genus Zosime Boeck, 1873 were discovered: Zosime comata sp. nov., Z. changi sp. nov., and Z. gymnokosmosa sp. nov. They all belong to the typica group, which is characterized by diagnostic female features of a mandibular exopod with three setae, leg 5 fused with baseoendopod bearing an exopodal seta arising from the anterior surface, and elongate caudal rami with a length more than 1.6 times its width. These three new species unusually have only two outer spines on the distal exopodal segments of legs 1–4, a character is unique in the genus except for Z. bathyalis Por, 1967, in contrast to the three outer spines on the corresponding segments in other congeners. However, the three new species can be distinguished from Z. bathyalis and each other by body ornamentation, segmentation of the female antennule, setation of the distal endopodal segment on legs 2–4, and an endopodal lobe on leg 5 in both sexes. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of these three new Zosime species are provided.


There are full of contradictions in geoscience, there are full of contradictions in geological prospecting, there are likewise contradictions in administrative management of geology and mineral resources, we should resolve these contradictions by the contradictory law in the working to carry the administrative management of geology and mineral resources a step forward. Some contradictory "bodies" chosen in the administrative management of geology and mineral resources in Jilin province are discussed by the contradictory law in this paper.


This paper presents a new approach for obtaining heavy-traffic limits for infinite-server queues and open networks of infinite-server queues. The key observation is that infinite-server queues having deterministic service times can easily be analyzed in terms of the arrival counting process. A variant of the same idea applies when the service times take values in a finite set, so this is the key assumption. In addition to new proofs of established results, the paper contains several new results, including limits for the work-in-system process, limits for steady-state distributions, limits for open networks with general customer routes, and rates of convergence. The relatively tractable Gaussian limits are promising approximations for many-server queues and open networks of such queues, possibly with finite waiting rooms.


Well knowing solution at present days, in analogue systems, the fine setting of the parametrical values of the whole-, and part of the circuit. We can think of the wide scale of the level-control, of the phase and frequency adjustment of the different oscillator, or the input level-regulation in the area of audio techniques (AGC). By the using of the field programmable analogue arrays (FPAA) we can a lot of new, adaptive circuit solutions to do. We can both parameter of an analogue circuit to change, the topology and the circuit parameter.


TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................... 50 I. THE ARGUMENT IN THE HIDALGO CERT. PETITION...................... 53 II. THE PROBLEM WITH THE HIDALGO CERT. PETITION .................... 56 III. THE WAY FORWARD ................................................................... 59 CONCLUSION......................................................................................... 62


ABSTRACT Any form of professional or occupational practice that requires independent agency has to rely heavily on the judgement of its practitioners. Yet the nature of professional judgement, like the nature of judgement more generally, is poorly understood. Almost as little understood is the nature of agential responsibility. The two are closely connected. A professional is held responsible for his/her actions and negative or positive judgements about those actions are closely related to the quality of the judgements made about those actions. The question is often further complicated in professional contexts when choices have to be made in constrained situations where there is little or no opportunity for leisurely decision-making. In the professional world, vocational and professional education has an essential role to play in the formation of deliberative judgement and its subsequent extension into contexts of constraint. Indeed, the development of deliberative judgement is a condition for the development of satisfactory decision-making in constrained circumstances. VET provides the opportunities and resources for the development of judgemental and deliberative powers across the range of professional activity. The resource of systematic knowledge underpinning an occupation is a key element in professional judgement and decision-making. The argument will be illustrated with practical examples.


The paper proposes a novel self-reference voltage pre-regulator for LED driver chip. The system modeling of the self-reference voltage pre-regulator is established, which is composed of pre-regulator circuit and reference voltage generating circuit. The reference voltage generating circuit generates a reference voltage, in which the circuit returns the reference voltage as the reference voltage of pre-regulator circuit, therefore, the preregulator outputs a stable voltage for the LED driver chip. In this paper, the circuit implementation is described in detailed, in order to enhance the stability of the system, the miller compensation is used to the circuit, which makes the system more stable. Simulations of the circuit show that the pre-regulator not only can output a stable voltage for the chip, but also the load regulation, line regulation and power support ripple rejection of the pre-regulator exhibit high performance.


This paper reports on studies obtained from RF-driven atmospheric-pressure plasma-jet excitation of methane and ethane. Differentiation with other works is achieved in that others have considered hydrocarbon decomposition at either low pressure or high temperature. In our experiments, we can clarify the effect of pure-plasma treatment of hydrocarbons, as opposed to the thermal effect of gas heating that results in pyrolysis. Gas-chromatography analysis was used to detect and quantify the main decomposition products. Kinetic modeling of the pertinent chemistry was performed by dividing the reactive system in two main parts: a plasma region where the electron impact processes leading to decomposition are considered and a postplasma region where recombination of nonstable species occurs. A reasonable qualitative agreement between the experimentally measured by-product concentrations and the calculations was achieved. It is observed that our proposed recombination mechanism correctly predicts ethane and ethylene formation from a discharge and methane, ethylene, propane, and acetylene formation from the discharge. By means of calculations, the main role of radicals in the pertinent hydrocarbon chemistry under nonthermal plasma conditions is confirmed.


Engineering ceramics machining using abrasive waterjet is studied. Through the analysis of the influence of the technical parameters on the machining efficiency . A better changing method of technical parameters is given.


(57) Abstract: flowmeter uncontaminated having an insulating member is disclosed. Flow meter includes two pressure sensors transducers that are positioned opposite the recessed portion of the conduit. Each pressure transducer is isolated from exposure to fluid flow through the conduit by an insulating member. Flow meter, arranged in-line in the fluid flow path carrying corrosive materials, wherein the square root of the pressure difference between two pressure sensors, is calculated by determining the flow rate of the conduit through which fluid flows that. Flowmeter, had compensates for temperature changes in the fluid flow path, further, the ratio of the pressure or flow in the conduit through which fluid flows emits an alarm when exceeding a threshold, or falls below. Further, flow meter according to the present invention avoids impurities, the introduction of unwanted ions, or vapors flow paths.


This paper focuses on the question 'what happens' when people register a mahr in a marriage contract, and compares this with non-discursive social practices. It first addresses the issue of the relevance of marriage contracts and changes in marriage contracts in the Middle East, compared to reforms of Muslim family law at the level of the state. Then it zones in on the case of Jabal Nablus, Palestine, to discuss how registration practices have changed in the course of the 20th century, and how such textual shifts relate to what actually happens in practice. By doing so also the relevance of the mahr for women will become evident.


Biotechnology requires robust and predictable expression of transgenes. Most commercial Genetically Modified (GM) crops contain the viral 35S promoter to drive insecticide and herbicide resistance genes. In cotton there have been reductions in efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis toxin (Bt) expressing plants late in the season that have been attributed to reductions in promoter activity. We have used genomic approaches to identify cotton genes whose expression remains high during the season to find promoters that might better maintain expression of transgenes in the field. A cDNA library from young late season leaves was used to generate about 2000 ESTs. Clustering of ESTs was used to determine relative transcript abundance and identify the most highly-expressed genes. These were primarily photosynthetic and housekeeping genes and some metabolic genes. The ESTs were printed to a small cDNA microarray and probed with both early- and late- season leaf mRNAs. Absolute fluorescence levels were used to rank genes and confirm the EST abundance data. Candidate genes, including the small subunit of Rubisco (RbcS) were selected. An RbcS promoter (Genbank Accession DQ648074) was isolated and analysed in both Arabidopsis and cotton linked to a GUS reporter gene. Expression of the reporter gene was consistently high in green tissues throughout the life cycle of cotton in the glasshouse, and in the field. A number of other candidate promoters have been identified that may be useful in a variety of biotechnology applications.


CRA4030 Background: In the absence of symptoms (bleeding, perforation, obstruction) or resectable metastatic disease, primary tumor resection in patients who present with synchronous metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) is of uncertain benefit. The purpose of this study was to describe the frequency of intervention necessary to palliate the intact primary tumor in patients who present with synchronous stage IV CRC and receive up-front modern combination chemotherapy without prophylactic surgery.

METHODS
Using a prospective institutional database, we identified 233 consecutive patients from 2000 through 2006 with synchronous metastatic CRC and an unresected primary tumor who received oxaliplatin- or irinotecan-based, triple-drug chemotherapy (FOLFOX, IFL, or FOLFIRI) with or without bevacizumab as their initial treatment. The incidence of subsequent use of surgery, radiotherapy, and/or endoluminal stenting to manage primary tumor complications was recorded.

RESULTS
Of 233 patients, 217 (93%) never required surgical palliation of their primary tumor. Sixteen patients (7%) required emergent surgery for primary tumor obstruction or perforation, 10 patients (4%) required nonoperative intervention (stent or radiotherapy), whereas 213 (89%) never required any direct symptomatic management for their intact primary. Of those, 47 (20%) ultimately underwent elective colon resection at the time of metastasectomy and 8 (3%) during laparotomy for hepatic artery infusion pump placement. Neither use of bevacizumab, location of the primary tumor in the rectum, or metastatic disease burden were associated with increased intervention rate. In addition, when included as a time-varying covariate in a Cox regression model, the need for emergent intervention did not correlate with overall survival.

CONCLUSIONS
Most patients with synchronous stage IV CRC who receive up-front modern combination chemotherapy never require palliative surgery for their intact primary. These data support the use of chemotherapy, without routine prophylactic resection, as the appropriate standard practice for patients with neither obstructed nor hemorrhaging primary colorectal tumors in the setting of metastatic disease. [Table: see text].


On the multi-fan platform of air-cooling condenser system,airflow participates the heat transfer under the effects of natural wind and mechanical/fan wind.In order to study the interaction between fans and the driving source of airflow,pulsatile velocity of the airflow in the fan inlet of an air-cooling condenser was measured by IFA300 hot-film anemometry and analyzed using power spectrum analysis.The results indicate that the turbulent intensity increases with airflow velocity.The spectral energy of airflow gradually focuses on low frequencies when the distance from the fan increases.Correspondingly,the power spectrum index() closed to the fan is small and the value increases with the increasing distance from the fan.The airflow character is transferred from mechanical wind to natural wind.


In Reply. —We agree with Dr Newman that the open-mouth or spacer technique is an effective method of using an MDI; however, we disagree with the description of the closed-mouth technique as being incorrect. In a review of MDIs in asthma treatment, Tinkelman et al 1 stated that both open- and closed-mouth techniques have


A LA MESA Universal, born of an investigation about the internal and external enviroments in Universal bakeries, in order to understand their values, and more specifically what they want to offer to their daily users, because actually these values are implied. In coherence the project is based on the recognition of three values of brand ??and also the understanding of the users needs, As result of this investigation I designed a training course, that seeks to transmit the values of the company to their waiters, in order to they are the bridge of communication between the company and the users, consequently it manages to generate a shared philosophy of the company.


Flaxseed is not consumed as part of the regular diet in India even when flax plant has long been used as industrial oil and fibre crop. The plant is widely distributed throughout India, easily available and is very cheap.It has various medicinal properties. It is also classified as functional food. Hence, this crop can be utilized for various product formulations. Baked products especially bread and biscuits are gaining wide popularity as processed foods are quite common among all economic groups, in rural as well as urban population. So, by using this functional ingredient with medicinal and nutritional benefits in day today life we can utilize various health benefits at no cost addition to our budget. Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) has been used for centuries as a food ingredient with medicinal properties (Carter, 2008). During the eighth century, King Charlemagne passed laws requiring the consumption of flaxseed by his subjects to ensure their good health. Over more recent centuries, flaxseed use has grown across Europe, Africa and now to North America. In spite of all this history, flaxseed is still a mystery to many. It, along with soy, is just starting to gain in popularity in the world of nutrition. Throughout history, flaxseed has been primarily used as a laxative. The seeds and oil of the plant also contain substances that promote good health. It is now widely used as a bakery ingredient and has gained popularity in North America (Fitzpatrick, 2007). It has prompted investigators to study the versatility, stability and acceptability of flaxseed in foods. Flaxseed is classified as a functional food (Carter 1993; Lee 2006) because of its high fibre (27.3/100 g); protein (18.3/100 g); potassium (813 mg/100 g); linolenic acid, an n-3 fatty acid (22.8/100 g) (United States Department of Agriculture 2007); and lignan content (6.1 to 13.3 mg/g) (Johnsson et al., 2000). Flaxseed can be incorporated into the diet through oil, milled or ground flaxseed or through eggs and meats produced by animals fed flax meal (Vaisey-Genser and Morris, 1997). Flax is nature's miraculous cure for our heart, blood, joints, colon, aging, brain and even peace of mind! HIND INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Singh, Karuna and Jain, S.C. (2011). Role of flaxseeds in human health, Food Sci. Res. J., 2 (2) : 214-218.


The present invention improves the occurrence of a control error from the die pick-up the wafer on the die-attach method. The chip pattern recognition reference die search method or the X and Y axes a semiconductor die can counting retrieve the first die is picked up in the row / column chip counting method by using which electrical characteristics test wafer map data and the matching (matching) obtained by conventional die attach methods had a problem that the yield loss or the like search first die failure. The present invention recognizes, and then the tape extended wafer edge shape and calculates the radius and provides a die-attach method pick-up is formed of a semiconductor die to compensate for the semiconductor die, the location of the wafer map data radius and the wafer map data by the difference between the. According to the invention, without the yield loss due to the mirror die it is not generated, it is not a chip counting error occurs. Furthermore, it is possible to fundamentally prevent the pickup error of the semiconductor die in not being affected by the error in the tape mounting process and a sawing process and the die attach process, the die attach process. Semiconductor die, the die attach, pick-up, the wafer


Flexible and semi-rigid polyurethane foams have been widely used in automotive interior parts, residential upholstered furniture and bedding. In these, as well as other end use industries, a reduction of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emissions from polyurethane foams continues to be an important issue [1, 2]. To address this challenge, reactive amine catalysts, which have an active hydrogen group, have been developed, evaluated, and used for the purpose of reducing VOC emissions. Unfortunately, many of these reactive catalysts tend to lose their catalytic activity during the latter stages of the foaming process resulting in decreased performance during the curing function. TOSOH Corporation has continued to research the next-generation of non-fugitive catalysts for polyurethane systems, and recently developed a novel gelling catalyst that provides improved performance in overall catalytic activity. This catalyst has a similar function as TEDA and exhibits better durability performance compare to other non-fugitive catalysts. TOSOH Corporation will review this work and propose solutions for reduced VOC systems with low or non-emission catalyst. INTRODUCTION Polyurethane foam is made from polyols, isocyanates and additives such as catalysts, silicone surfactants, flame retardants, anti-oxidants, chain-extenders, crosslinkers, release agents, etc. In general, the automotive and furniture industries are sensitive to VOCs due to customer specifications and regulations. Tertiary amine catalysts such as TEDA have been used for many years in the production of polyurethane foam. Their usage, however, is targeted for reduction due to emissions from the finished foam and associated unpleasant odor. In order to overcome the emission problems, a wide variety of non-fugitive amines containing hydroxyl, amino and urea groups have been proposed and evaluated[3-9], because such catalysts can react with isocyanate group during the foaming process and become part of polymer network. However, a fully adequate replacement catalyst system has not been found yet. The catalytic activity of these non-fugitive catalysts is lower than conventional catalysts and the foam properties, curing function and durability performance, tend to worsen due to the lack of gelling activity. For this reason, amine catalysts that have high gelling activity such as TEDA and exhibit low-emissions are a consistent demand from the market. Previously, Tosoh has reported the gelling properties and potential of reactive TEDA (RTEDA) by using computational chemistry [10]. To establish this result, RTEDA was synthesized and evaluated by comparison of various kinds of reactive amines. In this paper, the characteristics of RTEDA are discussed. In addition, novel amine catalysts systems are proposed for Flexible and semi-rigid polyurethane foams.


Abstract. Corporations – understood as economic microactors – can be object of punishment as a result of economic crimes. This article deals with the issue of joint liability of "corporate" crimes, taking into account three basic issues, to wit: a) whether corporations as entities must take responsibility for these crimes; b) if yes, for what things they must take responsibility, and c) in what capacity they would take responsibility. The body of the article revolves around these three thematic focuses. The first issue takes into account the septennial existence in Italy of a positive discipline of direct joint liability of entities for the crimes of their representatives; it is approached from the Italian law, though not exclusively. The second one, crucial crux of the dogma about imputation itself – for what things entities take responsibility – focuses on the analysis of the model in comparative law. The third one focuses on liability, guilt and imputability of legal entities and their representatives.


According to the difficulty of building accurate model,in order to achieve the purpose of accurate modeling,an on-line modeling method of thermal process is analyzed based on the recursive-least-squares filter.Recursive-least-squares filter is used to build the linear model with different load of the superheated steam temperature system,the simulation results and field data show the models have higher precision.


This paper expounds the features and shortages of library's information service mode, and probes into the development of service mode of Chinese library under the network environment.


This paper presents two piston ring and cylinder liner lubrication models and compares the friction predictions against the experimental results from a corresponding bench test. The first model aims to solve the average Reynolds equation with corrective flow factors, which describe the influence of surface irregularities on the lubricant flow under mixed lubrication condition. The second model takes account of the lubricant film rupture and cavitation. Meanwhile, a stochastic rough contact sub-model quantifies the relation between contact pressure and mean surface separation in both cases. Numerical results on the top compression ring simulation show that both models capture hydrodynamic, mixed, and boundary lubrication regimes, which depend on the real surface topographies of the piston ring and the cylinder liner. Whenever hydrodynamic action is insufficient to maintain the equilibrium position of the ring, the restoring force will be augmented by multi-asperity contacts lubricated by a thin boundary film. Total friction will originate mainly from shearing of viscous lubricant and shearing of asperity conjunctions. The purpose of this modeling effort is to compare both lubrication models to data from an experimental test-rig. This test rig eliminates many of the factors that can make analysis of predictions for real engine operating conditions difficult.Copyright © 2004 by ASME


Efficacy of topical anesthetics can be enhanced by pretreatment of the skin with ablative fractional lasers. However, little is known about the role of parameters such as laser modality and laser density settings in this technique. Aims of this study were to compare the efficacy of pretreatment with two different ablative fractional laser modalities, a CO2 laser and an Er:YAG laser, and to assess the role of laser density in ablative fractional laser assisted topical anesthesia.


On March 9, 2020, Ochsner Health admitted its first COVID-19 patient. Less than 2 weeks later, Ochsner became the first hospital in Louisiana to insource diagnostic testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19. While Ochsner soon became


The collaborative work on virtual environments is one of the greatest outcomes resulting on the development of the information and communication technologies. These advances, that tend to minimize distances, are allowing coordinated work beyond the limits of time and space, also impacting on the educational field. Educational platforms mediated by technology are having a special focus on collaborative work as an instrument for reaching goals, and more importantly, to generate knowledge. However, there are special areas of knowledge that require, apart from the psychology and pedagogy tools, specific ones to be able to complete effectively the process of teaching and learning. Software Engineering (SE) is an area of knowledge which requires specific tools, such as the CASE (Computer Aided Software Engineering). In order to use the Software Engineering in learning and teaching, some tools are needed and these have to have the appropriate characteristics for that aim. In this work, we present a model that specifies and links the concepts of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, Computer Supported Collaborative Work, and Ubiquitous Learning with the teaching of the Software Engineering, binding them and proposing an integral model with functional content blocks, and an implementation of this model in a software.


Prostate cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm among men in Brazil.
During the course of the disease, several clinical possibilities arise, leading to the
need for hospital admissions. To characterize the hospitalizations for Prostate
Cancer (CAP) in the first health region of the State of Pernambuco, from 2012 to
2016. An epidemiological study of the descriptive quantitative type of transversal
character was carried out. The data are of the secondary type, collected from the
Hospital Information System (SIH), through the Tabnet / Datasus and Tabnet / PE
query interface. The studied population were all the men who were hospitalized for
CAP at the first health center of Pernambuco, during the study period. Results:
Between 2012 and 2016, there were 3,985 admissions per CAP. Brown men 44.6%)
and age group of 50 to 79 years (85%) were the ones that most interned. The
regional health I was responsible for the largest amount of hospitalization (70.5%).
The mortality rate in the period was 8.5 (395 deaths). The total amount spent was R
$ 8,569,339.80 and the average amount of hospitalization was R $ 2,175.51. The
Pernambuco Cancer Hospital and the Instituto Materno Infantil de Pernambuco
(IMIP) are the establishments that most interned patients in the period (54.2%)
together. The number of hospitalizations and deaths are in a growing trend, as well
as annual expenses. The delayed search for diagnosis and treatment are possible
causes of this increase and may further aggravate these numbers if there is no major
and more institutionalized intervention in relation to prostate cancer prevention in the
State.


We report the results of muon spin rotation and relaxation ($\rm \mu$SR) measurements on the recently discovered layered Cu-based superconducting material La$_{2}($Cu$_{1-x}$Ni$_{x}$)$_{5}$As$_{3}$O$_{2}$ ($x =$ 0.40, 0.45). Transverse-field $\rm \mu$SR experiments on both samples show that the temperature dependence of superfluid density is best described by a two-band model. The absolute values of zero-temperature magnetic penetration depth $\lambda_{\rm ab}(0)$ were found to be 427(1.7) nm and 422(1.5) nm for $x =$ 0.40 and 0.45, respectively. Both compounds are located between the unconventional and the standard BCS superconductors in the Uemura plot. No evidence of time-reversal symmetry (TRS) breaking in the superconducting state is suggested by zero-field $\rm \mu$SR measurements.


This paper reports a study on photo-cross-linkable polymer containing pendant chalcone moiety exhibiting liquid crystalline as well as fluorescence lifetime properties in detail. The photoresponsive polymers were prepared, and their structure has been characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The photo-cross-linking behavior of polymers has been studied by UV-Visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. UV spectral studies revealed that the polymers follow cyclo addition reactions when they undergo photo-cross-linking under the influence of UV-light. Number and weight average molecular weight of the polymers were determined by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) and polydispersity index value near to 1.5. The thermal and thermooxidative stability of the polymers were determined by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Thermal transitions were studied by DSC, and presence of mesophases was identified at 147 and by hot stage polarized light optical microscopy (HPOM). Fluorescence lifetime measurements using the time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) method reveal that the average lifetime values decrease from 5.94 ns to 5.32 ns on UV-irradiation were discussed in detail.


The purpose of the presented study is to investigate mineral content and their distribution and changes  during growth periods of wheat. Twelve bread wheat genotypes were used (Es-26, Bezostaja-1, Mufitbey, Altay-2000, Sonmez-01, Soyer-02, Cetinel-2000, Harmankaya-99, Sultan-95, and Alpu-01, Atay-85 and Gerek-79). Samples for determining minerals were taken at tillering period (Zadoks 20-29), flowering period (Zadoks 60-69), maturity period (Zadoks 90-99) and seed. Considerable differences occured between genotypes and growth stages for minerals. Trends of mineral levels in genotypes are polynomial, it increased and reached at highest level in flowering then decreased. Principal analysis explained that concentrations of ten minerals are homogenous at W 11 Atay-85 and W 1 Es-26 genotypes. W 7 Cetinel-2000 and W 9 Sultan-95 genotypes also have homogenous content of all ten minerals. It was concluded that W 10 Alpu-01, W 2 Bezostaja-1 genotypes have the highest content of K, Mg, Na and Mn; W 5 Sonmez-01 genotype has the lowest Zn level and the highest N level. The other genotypes had homogenous mineral concentration. The large variation among genotypes showed that the genetic potential with higher mineral levels could be used in further breeding programs that involve genotypes with large variations, crossing and selection processes, selecting better genotypes for yield, quality, minerals for different environmental conditions.


Abstract : The Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) is currently producing a series of Mapping, Charting and Geodesy (MC/G) Video Discs as a standard product to support the DoD MC/G user community. The series consists of 39 Constant Angular Velocity 12 inch MC/G Video Discs. The MC/G Video Discs are organized in a structure that allows an indexing system to locate and retrieve individual frames from each disc. To use the MC/G Video Disc requires a video disc player, a display monitor and a micro/mini computer system compatible with the indexing system software programs. As a result of this initial MC/G Video Disc program and other stated requirements, the Defense Mapping Agency is developing Product Specifications for the production of MC/G Video Disc and MC/G Optical Disc. (Author)


Paediatric rheumatic diseases include the spectrum of musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders occurring during childhood[1]. In addition to the physical effects, rheumatic diseases, as chronic conditions, pose a considerable risk for developing psychological distress[2]. Offering an educational camp to children and teenagers with disabilities or chronic diseases is one strategy to enhance adjustment and reduce the psychosocial risk factors related to chronic illness[3]. Thus, a summer camp for children and teenagers with juvenile rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) was created in Portugal in 2018 by the National Association of Patients with Juvenil Arthritis (ANDAI) – the ANDAI Educational Summer Camp (ESC). This annual event (online during the pandemic) provides recreational and supporting facilities for children and teenagers with juvenile RMDs during the summer holiday period. The main goal of ANDAI ESC is to promote the sharing of experiences as well as to support and work on confidence in coping with challenges of a RMD in childhood/youth.This study aims to assess the impact of ANDAI ESC on the lives of children and young people with RMDs. In addition, it also aims to make this project known to the rheumatology community, as well as to inspire other groups and patient associations.Participant's data such as age, gender, diagnostic and treatment was collected. The clinical, social and psychological impact of ESC was assessed by a questionnaire applied to the participants after the ANDAI ESC. The perceived impact of the ANDAI ESC by health professionals' volunteers was also evaluated by a different questionnaire.Forty-five children or young people with RMDs participated in one or more editions of the ANDAI ESC. The median number of participants in ANDAI ESC was 17(9) participants per edition, with a majority of female participants (62%). The median age of participants in the different editions was 12(4) years old. Of those invited to participate in this study, 22 children (48% response rate) and 11 health professionals (53% response rate) completed the survey. The great majority of the participants (95,5%) recognized the positive impact of the ESC on understanding and acceptance of the disease. In fact, after participating in ANDAI ESC, 90.5% of these children claim to have a more optimistic perspective on the evolution of their disease. In addition, when asked on a scale from 0 (no impact) to 10 (significant impact) about the perceived outcome of ESC on their RMD patients, 88.8% of the participating health professionals marked the three higher scaled levels, agreeing that it had a positive effect on these children.In conclusion this study demonstrates that ANDAI ESC improved patient's confidence in coping with the challenges of a RMD in childhood/youth, reaching the objectives initially defined. Thus, ANDAI ESC proved to be an important resource to the juvenile RMD community in Portugal.[1]Davies, K. & Copeman, A. The spectrum of paediatric and adolescent rheumatology. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Rheumatol. 20, 179–200 (2006).[2]Hysing, M., Elgen, I., Gillberg, C., Lie, S. A. & Lundervold, A. J. Chronic physical illness and mental health in children. Results from a large-scale population study. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 48, 785–792 (2007).[3]Yang, J., Shafran, R., Bennett, S. & Jolly, A. An investigation into the psychosocial impact of therapeutic recreation summer camp for youth with serious illness and disability. Clin. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 26, 1111–1123 (2021).NIL.None Declared.


The purpose of this literature review was to gather valuable information on the behavior of methyl iodide on the gas phase during a severe accident. The potential of transition metals, especially silver and copper, to remove organic iodides from the gas streams was also studied. Transition metals are one of the most interesting groups in the contex of iodine mitigation. For example silver is known to react intensively with iodine compounds. Silver is also relatively inert material and it is thermally stable. Copper is known to react with some radioiodine species. However, it is not reactive toward methyl iodide. In addition, it is oxidized to copper oxide under atmospheric conditions. This may limit the industrial use of copper.


(57) Abstract: wafer (50) of the extruded ribbon of photoresist to all top covering helical pattern (202) shaped, and improved methods for coating an organic photoresist polymer semiconductor substrate (50) device . In the present invention, more uniform photoresist layer is obtained, much more efficient than current methods of using expensive photoresist solution. The wafer (50) aligned horizontally toward the upper side, assembled to the chuck (114). The extrusion head (30), and positioned adjacent to the outer edge of the wafer (50) above the upper surface of the wafer, the extrusion slot (39) aligned so that toward the wafer (50) centered in the radial direction, the extrusion slot (39 ) to pushed the photoresist from. As the tangential velocity of the rotating extrusion head to the wafer (50) (30) is constant, to control the radial velocity of the rotational speed and the extrusion head (30) of the wafer (50).


The techniques for use of high‐frequency acoustical systems for the study of zooplankton distribution, biomass, abundance, size distribution, and behavior have been the focus of intense effort and development during the past two decades. Significant theoretical and experimental progress has been made in understanding how these animals scatter sound. A review of the major aspects of this problem will be presented, including current field survey techniques, instrumentation, laboratory measurements, and scattering models. Issues such as confounding factors in data interpretation and determination of model parameters will be discussed.


The scope and content of the term 'unfair competition' is examined and review the protection against this that is provided under Australian law is presented. The discussion is limited to one particular category of unfair competitive acts, namely appropriations of the intangible fruits of another's skill, time and labour, or 'reaping without sowing'.


As the editor of Cases Journal , I'm on a mission — trying to get all doctors, but especially GPs, to publish case reports regularly. Why?

Firstly, I believe every case report, particularly if written in the right way with reflection and research, has value, and I mean every case report, no matter how mundane it might seem. In Cases Journal (http://www.casesjournal.com) we will publish every case report that is ethical and understandable. They don't have to be 'original and important' because we believe that every interaction with a patient is unique and that every case offers an opportunity to learn.

Writing case reports allows, even obliges, doctors to explore and mine both the uniqueness and the learning. It will also help doctors remember that every case, no matter how routine to them, is important to the patient. And writing brings insight and requires precision of thought. Writing the …


Author(s): Messinger, Adam | Advisor(s): Williams, Kirk R | Abstract: Scholars have long posited that intimate partner violence (IPV) - physical violence, sexual violence, verbal abuse, and controlling behaviors between intimate partners - is impacted by masculinity norms of aggression and dominance (for example, see Haraway and O'Neil 1999; Moore and Stuart 2005). Despite this topic's immense potential for prevention and treatment policies, quantitative IPV research tends to eschew empirically informed measures of masculinities and femininities in favor of a simplistically binary male-female variable, likely in part because of methodological concerns over how to adequately measure the complexities of gender. This is unfortunate given that the representative nature of large-scale, quantitatively-analyzed research is of great value to policymakers. The present dissertation provides a thorough background on the gender and IPV literatures with a particular focus on the history and benefits of quantifying gender. Additionally, the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, the most widely used measure of gendered psychological traits in the literature, is used to predict IPV in an analysis of 4,027 nationally-representative adolescents in a relationship, data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. This represents the first study using a gender trait measure to predict IPV utilizing a nationally-representative sample. Findings from negative binomial regression and multinomial logistic regression analyses reveal that a lack of femininity - rather than simply the presence of masculinity - predicts an increased risk of IPV perpetration and victimization for both men and women. Methodological and policy implications as well as future directions are discussed.


The role of the double-hydrophilic block copolymers (poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(methacrylic acid)) on the morphogenesis of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was studied by applying contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The scattering function for ternary systems can be expressed by only partial scattering functions of the single species, as derived on the assumption of incompressibility. We demonstrate the feasibility of this formula by means of contrast variation SANS, and the decomposed partial scattering functions give their detailed information. Especially the partial scattering function of polymer shows a Q-2.7 monotonic slope at low Q (0.002 A < Q < 0.02 A; Q is the modulus of the scattering vector), which is a clear evidence that the distribution of the polymer in CaCO3 has a mass fractal dimension. This result is confirmed by time-resolved SANS experiments with CaCO3 contrast, where a Q-2.5 slope was observed at the early stage of the reaction in the same Q range.


ABSTRACT The present study highlights the IS 8835:1978 recommendation for the planning and design of surface agricultural drains adopted uniformly across India. The current analysis aimed to compute the agricultural land drainage design and cross-drainage structure for 5-year and 50-year frequencies, respectively, using 3-day rainfall for the areas belonging to three different agro-climatological zones (including four districts, i.e. Surat, Ahmedabad, Jaipur and Mumbai). Extreme rainfall analysis using 3-day fixed window (FW) and sliding window (SW) rainfall was carried out using the probabilistic approach and the maximum rainfall depth-duration-frequency curves. For the 5-year (50-year) frequency, the 3-day FW rainfall for Surat, Ahmedabad, Jaipur, and Mumbai was 303 mm (490 mm), 235 mm (442 mm), 147 mm (326 mm), and 417 mm (667 mm), respectively, whereas the 3-day SW rainfall is 345 mm (583 mm), 258 mm (473 mm), 168 mm (359 mm), and 485 mm (765 mm), respectively. The trend analysis results showed the non-monotonous increasing (decreasing) trend over study regions. The SW rainfall was higher than the corresponding FW values. The results presented in this study can be adopted in the design of the agricultural land drainage network and cross-drainage structure in the regions under consideration.


Started from the nonlocal nonlinear Schrdinger equation,the split-step method was used to numerically discuss propogation properies of(1+2) dimension spatial optical sotions with definite degrees of nonlocality,and a set of parameters of soliton were obtained.Assuming the response function for nonlocal Kerr medium is a Gaussian function,the numerical solutions of solitons were analyzed and the soliton's stability was proved numerically with definite degrees of nonlocality.Results show that(1+2) dimension solitons depend strongly on the degrees of nonlocality.The optical beam can propagate stably with definite degrees of nonlocality.The soliton profile is Gaussian-shaped for strongly nonlocal cases,but not Gaussian-shaped for any other cases.When the degrees of nonlocality are weak,solitons do not exist.


To analyze the impact of stress and seepage field coupling effect on the stability of the tailings dam, Finite element analysis software MIDAS-GTS, build analytical models Mohr-Coulomb criterion. Coupling of different pile heights than the stress field and seepage field analysis of the tailings dam at the same slope, by limit equilibrium method and finite element analysis of tailings dam stability strength reduction. By comparing the results of the analysis showed that the two methods: In the same conditions, the limit equilibrium method and finite element strength reduction conclusion is consistent; Meanwhile in the slope ratio unchanged, with an in-crease in the accumulation of the tailings dam damdam safety factor decreases, is not conducive to the tailings dam safety. The results for the tailings dam design and practical use has a certain value.


Autonomous systems, be they stationary or specialized for applications in transport, are used for an increasing number of services that are ensured and made secure by systems supplied by electrical energy. These systems are referred to as autonomous, considering only the point of view of electrical energy: the entirety of consumer components connected to the network absorbs power at any moment equal to that provided by the entirety of the sources (storage components belonging to latter category).
In this context we will deal with certain aspects contributing to the design of such an electrical network, which we will need to define (in part) by:
– its geometry;
– the properties of its components (generators, other sources of electrical energy, cables, and elements for control and monitoring);
– the properties, defined by standards, which must satisfy the consumer components that will be connected to it.
We limit our study to the case of networks functioning on direct current (DC),
which are frequently used in aeronautics, automobile and naval fields.


Abstract It has been hypothesized that vegetation in certain ecosystems inhibits nitrification in soil by producing phenolic compounds that inhibit oxidation of ammonia by nitrifying microorganisms. This hypothesis is based largely on a report that very low concentrations (10 −6 M–10 −8 M) of several phenolic acids (notably ferulic acid) completely inhibited NO 2 − production in an aqueous suspension of soil treated with (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 and a nutrient solution suitable for growth of Nitrosomonas and other autotrophic nitrifying microorganisms. To evaluate this hypothesis, we determined the effects of three ohenolic acids (ferulic acid, caffeic acid, and p -coumaric on nitrite production by representatives of three genera of terrestrial autotrophic nitrifying microorganisms ( Nitrosospira, Nitrosomonas, or Nitrosolubos ) grown on a defined medium containing NH 4 + . We found that nitrite production by the Nitrososspira was not inhibited by ferulic acid, caffeic acid, or p -coumaric acid at concentrations of 10 −6 or 10 −5 M and was only slightly inhibited when these acids were at a concentration of 10 −4 M. We also found that ferulic acid did not markedly inhibit nitrite production by the three genera of nitrifying microorganisms studied, even when its concentration was as high as 10 −3 M. These observations invalidate the hypothesis tested because the phenolic acids studied did not significantly retard ammonia oxidation by autotrophic microorganisms even when their concentration in cultures of these microorganisms greatly exceeded their concentrations in soils.


. Excursions are an important form of organization of teaching biology in secondary schools. However, in the universities, the methodical training of future biology teachers is more aimed at conducting lessons. In the article the necessity of goal-directed training of future teachers of Biology to organize excursions to nature (hikes) is substantiated, the real status of using excursions at the school practice is analyzed.