By detailedly analyzing the computing methods of Ministry of Railways for the approving of dailiy loading programs,the methods for computing income,transportation cost and transportation benefit are summarized.Then the requirements,modules,database and workflow of the system are worked out.Finally,based on the aforementioned steps,Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 and c# are used in developing the Railway Daily Loading Program benefit Computing and Analyzing System.Then,using actual data collected at and regarding Zhengzhou Railway Bureau,a case study is conducted on the system.The findings could help freight dispatching personnel in their decision-making,and provide guidance and reference for railway bureaus to improve the benefit of their daily loading programs.


The solid-state image sensor and its driving method and outputs the video signal to digital conversion is started by averaging the sub-sampled analog signal. The solid-state image pickup device, the sub during the sampling mode, the drive, in order to be discarded of the photoelectric-converted image signals from all pixels in the APS array is to eliminate the image signal, the row and column direction from the N number of rows by the averaging and comparison circuit the output of the image signal average the video signal. The signals output from the averaging and the comparison circuit is input to a digital signal output circuit is converted into a digital signal corresponding to the image signal is output to the averaging.


Fishermen's settlements in Belawan Medan tend to form unplanned. Social interaction in this village becomes the basis for the establishment of an unplanned settlement. Qualitative method is used in this research. The society's social condition in this village offers a challenge in analyzing social influence towards the establishment of the fishing village in Medan City. The purpose of this research is to find the form of the unplanned settlement that occurred. The results of this research will create a theoretical concept related to the forms of a coastal village. The objective of this research is to produce a theoretical concept regarding unplanned settlement which can be implicated in studying the unplanned settlements in developing countries. Keywords: socio; unplanned; fishing; village ISSN: 2398-4287 © 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.


Learning supervision is an activity that must be implemented in education. The implementation of supervision / monitoring is carried out by the Head of School / Madrasah in providing guidance to teachers. Supervision is not a one-off event like inspection, but a continuous and sustainable activity so that teachers are always evolving in doing the task and are able to solve the problem of education and teaching effectively and efficiently. To carry out the necessary supervision, it requires good quality headmaster in term of professional, personal as well as social aspect. The leadership model of headmaster in Madrasah is very important in carrying out his duties as supervisor, because successful implementation of the curriculum, including curriculum 2013 is determined by how the headmaster of the Madrasah runs the instructional leadership with supervision as the main instrument in ensuring the implementation of the learning process with the prevailing curriculum.


The purpose of our study was to compare the mechanical nature of nails with different cross-sections in order to optimise the elasticity-stability ratio. There is no doubt that elastic intramedullary osteosynthesis is a successful choice for treating femoral shaft fractures in children. However, misalignment is a potential problem connected with stability of the fixation. The mechanics of two types of nails with the same type of surface, but with different kind of cross sections – a circle (Ender) and an ellipse – was examined using the "finite elements" method. The standard configuration of the two nails was put under four kinds of deforming forces: bending in the frontal plane and the sagital plane, torsion, and axial compression. Strength coefficient and stiffness were calculated in each particular situation. In respect to angular stability (frontal plane) and axial compression, the mechanical characteristics of the two types of nails are similar. The stability of the elliptical nail is higher in bending in the sagital plane and in torsion. The elliptical implant has better intramedullary cohesion because the large half-axis is perpendicular to the sagital plane. Nails with an elliptical cross section provide the opportunity for redistribution of stiffness. As a result, better mechanical properties are achieved. The elliptical cross section assures better intramedullary cohesion.


Novel copolyesteramides were synthesized by reacting trans-4-hydroxy-N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-proline (N-CBz-Hpr) with e-caprolactam (CLM) in the presence of stannous octoate [Sn(II) Oct.] as a catalyst. Various techniques, including 1H-NMR, IR, DSC, and viscosity, were used to elucidate structural characteristics and thermal properties of the resulting copolymers. Data showed that the optimal reaction condition for the synthesis of the copolymers was obtained by using 3 wt % Sn(II) Oct. at 170°C for 24 h. The DSC analysis demonstrated amorphous structure for most of the copolymers. The glass-transition temperature of the copolymers shifts to a higher temperature with increasing Hpr/CLM molar ratio. In vitro degradation of these poly(N-CBz-Hpr-co-CLM)s was evaluated by weight loss measurements. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1615–1621, 2002


I was interested to read 'NMC may fail to speed up misconduct hearings' (news June 20) about some of the new Nursing and Midwifery Council's aims.


Of the 104 hospitalized babies with acute bronchitis, an x-ray examination showed thymomegaly in 45 (46.8%). Against the background of depression of cellular immunity and hypocorticism, three immunological phenotypes of thymomegaly were revealed. Immunocorrection with taktivin and thymalin was carried out differentially, taking into account the clinical and immunological features of each phenotype.


been firmly established in Nigeria. This article examined this theology considering the demand on Christians for godliness with contentment in 1 Timothy 6:3–12. It employed the descriptive approach and the historical-critical exegesis. This study found that the prosperity preachers often support their claims with the Bible, but texts are usually cited without regard to their literary or historical contexts. It also discovered that 1 Timothy 6:3–12 does not teach that Christians should not be rich, but condemns inordinate desire for money because of the evils associated with it. The text supports benevolence from the wealthy towards the needy, but does not make giving mandatory. This article concluded that the prosperity gospel is at variance with the teaching on godliness with contentment. Instead, it encourages greed for money among Christians, particularly in view of the claim that poverty is proof of unrighteousness. The doctrine of giving in order to receive from God contradicts the principle of giving as found in 1 Timothy 6 and other relevant New Testament texts. Contribution: The article is a contribution to Christian ethics with a special focus on Christian attitude to money. It postulates that the prosperity teaching that all must be rich, contradicts the demand on Christians for godliness with contentment.


Objective To observe the changes of blood glucose,serum insulin level,insulin resistance(IR) and insulin secretion of patients with severe sepsis and explore the relationship between the changes and severity of illness as well as prognosis.Methods Thirty six patients with severe sepsis and 20 healthy volunteers serving as normal controls were enrolled.Fasting blood glucose(FBG) and fasting insulin(FINS) were determined at the 1st and 28th days after the diagnosis of severe sepsis was made.Insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR) and insulin secretion index(HOMA-β) were calculated using Homeostasis Model Assessment(HOMA).Results The levels of FBG,FINS and HOMA-IR at the 1st day after the diagnosis of severe sepsis was made were significantly higher than those in normal controls,and HOMA-β was lower than that in normal controls(t=7.46,5.64,7.07,6.73,P0.05).FBG,FINS and HOMA-IR in the 1st day after admission not only in the survivors but also in the dead were significantly higher than those in normal controls,and HOMA-β was lower than that in normal controls(t=5.13,4.43,5.49,4.70,6.85,3.60,5.02,8.96,P0.05).FBG,FINS and HOMA-IR in the 28th day in the survivors were decreased and HOMA-β was increased than those in the 1st day(t=3.71,2.72,4.06,2.47,P0.05).FBG and HOMA-IR in the dead were significantly higher than those in the survivors,HOMA-βin the dead was lower than that in the survivors(t=3.46,2.82,2.97,P 0.05),but no difference in FINS levels was found between the two groups.No difference in FBG and HOMA-β were found between the septic patients with single organ dysfunction and normal controls(q=1.95,1.66,P0.05).FBG,FINS and HOMA-IR in the septic patients with multi-organ dysfunction were significantly higher than those in normal controls,and HOMA-β was lower than that in normal controls(q=10.18,5.19,7.58,14.96,P0.05).There were a positive correlation between APACHE Ⅱ scores and FBG,HOMA-IR(r=0.68,0.50,P0.05),and a negative correlation between APACHEⅡ scores and HOMA-β(r=-0.66,P0.05).Conclusions IR was found in patients with severe sepsis.Dysfunctions of pancreatic islet β cell occurs in septic patients with multi-organ dysfunction syndrome.FBG,HOMA-IR and HOMA-β can be used to evaluate the severity of disease and prognosis in patients with severe sepsis.


This chapter engages the concept of the numinous and applies it to the material culture of the sacred body in American material culture, with two examples from early American history. It introduces early twentieth-century scholar Rudolph Otto's idea of the numinous, and it proposes that it can help dispel confusion over the nature of sacred matter, leading to a better grasp of the phenomenological complexity of religious material culture, especially as it relates to the body. The chapter focuses on two bodies, that of nineteenth-century American missionary to Liberia Ann Wilkins and famous eighteenth-century preacher George Whitefield. These bodies are used as case studies to demonstrate the prevalence of numinousness, even among American Protestants who had traditionally eschewed material religion. The author makes the claim that the invisibility of religion is a verdant precondition for its materialization.


Eelgrass (Zostera marina) beds and other seagrass ecosystems around the world are recognized for their trophic support, nursery, refuge, water quality and recreational functions (Williams and Heck 2001).


The Universal Facility Location problem (UniFL) is a generalized formulation which contains several variants of facility location including capacitated facility location (1-CFL) as its special cases. We present a 6 + ε approximation for the UniFL problem, thus improving the 8 + ∈ approximation given by Mahdian and Pal. Our result bridges the existing gap between the UniFL problem and the 1-CFL problem.


Providing children with disabilities a solid foundation in basic skills is the single-most important aspect of ensuring that they can enter and succeed in college and the work place. This is especially true in the math and science fields, as students must fully understand the fundamentals before they can move on to advanced study or work. Children who are not properly prepared, children who do not build strong foundations, children who are moved along when they have not mastered the basics, are almost certainly doomed to failure. There are several basic issues facing students with disabilities. First, there is an attitude among teachers, administrators, and sometimes even parents, that students with disabilities can't "do" math or science. Second, students with disabilities are often waived out of math and science course work in K-12, which means that they don't develop the basic foundational skills in these fields. This also makes it impossible for many students with disabilities to meet national standards in science and math. Third, students with disabilities are not getting adequate training on adaptive computing technology. Fourth students with disabilities who are studying science and math face problems finding math and science texts that are accessible. Fifth, students with disabilities often require extra help in making the transition from one level of education to the other and from the educational setting to the workplace. Sixth, students with disabilities and their parents must learn to advocate for the appropriate technology and other accommodations necessary for them to succeed in education and the workplace. NEGATIVE ATTITUDES AND AWARENESS ISSUES The negative attitudes that K-12 students with disabilities face parallel those that adults with disabilities face. A 1989 study by the National Science Foundation (Changing America, 1989) reported that the single most significant barrier faced by individuals with disabilities is the negative attitudes on the part of faculty and employers. This is particularly harmful because not only does it deny or limit some students' entrance into the fields of science, engineering and math, but it almost ensures that those individuals will never be able to enter science, engineering, mathematics or technology-related careers when they enter the workforce. Parents, teachers and service providers can do a great deal to help students face and debunk those negative attitudes. Often, all it takes to get teachers, administrators and parents to believe that students with disabilities can do math and science is to show them the tools and accommodations available. LOWERED EXPECTATIONS AND WAIVED REQUIREMENTS The perception that students with disabilities are not capable of doing work in science and math is often reinforced by teachers and parents. Too often students with disabilities are not held responsible for the work that is being done by their peers, and teachers from preschool on will often have lower expectations for students with disabilities. Many teachers in the early grades are so pleased that a student with a disability can do any of the class work. "She is just amazing," is the attitude. And "We don't want to make her work harder than her friends" is the justification for lowering expectations and waiving requirements for students with disabilities. Unfortunately, many parents buy into this argument as well. Some schools have been experimenting with extending the time that elementary and secondary schools provide for students with disabilities to learn basic skills. This can include doing one year's worth of work in two years' time. However, some parents and teachers have raised the issues of the importance of having students move ahead with their social groups and of the perception that retention is only for students who are in real trouble at school. Perhaps it's time to rethink the issue and convince parents, teachers and school administrators that more time to master the basics is a likely option for many students with disabilities. …


The project presents the models of a vibration energy harvester consisting of a piezoelectric with mass damper and spring as well as electret-based electrostatic. To construct this energy harvester, a mathematical model for both energy harvester is developed followed by a simulation in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation is based on the mathematical models. Next is designing the model prototype in Tinkercad. The prototype consists of piezoelectric material holder and electrostatic material holder. The electrostatic energy harvester holder consists of a resonator, and electret material holder while the prototype for the piezoelectric consists of a piezoelectric layer holder. The prototype is then fabricated. The electrostatic energy harvester consists of electret material and a copper PCB. The electret material used is silicon dioxide. The electret is charged using a corona charger to embed the electrostatic charge onto the electret material. The piezoelectric energy harvester consists of a piezoelectric layer (PPA-1001) and 6 NdFeB magnets as the tip mass. The prototype will then be connected to a power management circuit and tested on a vertical shaker to get the output voltage.


In Shiv, Carmon, and Ariely (2005), the authors demonstrate that marketing actions such as price promotions and advertising evoke consumer expectations, which can alter the actual efficacy of the marketed product, a phenomenon they call "placebo effects of marketing actions." In this rejoinder, they build on the preceding commentaries and refine their framework to account more fully for factors that may influence this placebo effect, and they describe directions for further research in this new topic area.


Due to the variable characteristics of photovoltaic energy production, batteries used in storage systems renewable power can undergo many irregular cycles of charge / discharge. In turn, this can also have a detrimental effect on the life of the battery and can increase project costs. This paper presents a study of the storage of photovoltaic energy by using a hybrid batteries-Supercapacitors system. Supercapacitors are used to improve batteries life and reduce their stresses. The photovoltaic cells are connected to DC bus (400V) with boost converter and controlled with MPPT algorithm, Supercapacitors and batteries are linked to the DC bus through the buck-boost converter. The inductive load is connected to the DC bus by a DC-AC converter. The static converters associated with batteries and supercapacitors are controlled by current. The components of the systems are supervised through a block of energy management. The complete model of the system is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink environment. Some simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.


Aim: To evaluate, using the Scopus database, the input and output citation pattern in the year 2015 for documents published in the five main oral and maxillofacial (OMS) journals. Methods: All document types published over the 2013–2015 period by the five main OMS journals: BJOMS, JOMS, IJOMS, JCMFS and JCFS were included. Citation and referencing data were extracted from the advanced search of Scopus. Results: A total of 2303 documents were published by the journals in 2015, and 3253 documents published in 2015 cited documents published by the journals in 2013 and 2014. Self-citation was 13.19% for the five journals as a whole, and 1024 (31.49%) documents cited journals from within the group. A total of 36,972 references were included in documents published in 2015 in the journals. Self-referencing was 6.56% for all journals as a group, and 7524 (20.35%) documents were from the group itself. From the top-20 referenced and citing journals, the presence of plastic and reconstructive surgery, and head and neck (otolaryngology) surgery journals is clear. This pattern was not the same across all the journals under study. Conclusion: There appears to be a "medical versus dental" fragmentation of research in the specialty, over a fragmentation by regions or countries.


Due to the difficulty of defining acompletedomain definition, it is hard to apply planners to real-life application domains. Model-lite planning research has been proposed to address this issue (Kambhampati 2007). While it takes time to develop a complete domain definition, it is rather faster and easier to provide a planner with incomplete but close to complete domain definition. In this paper, we describe our on-going research on a new learning and planning scheme for the model-lite paradigm. In our framework, we use probabilistic logic to leverage the incomplete model and we consider explicit input background knowledge. In the planning side, the core idea is viewing a planning problem as an MPE (most plausible explanation) problem, given incomplete domain definition and the evidence of initial state and goal. We show a reduction procedure from a planning problem to an MPE problem then to a MAXSAT problem, which enables us to use MAXSAT solvers, as deterministic planning uses SAT solvers. In the learning side, we show how we update the domain model, given trajectories using a weighted logic learning package, and how we parsimoniously generate axioms with background knowledge. This is particularly important to leverage the relational structure during planning. Introduction There are many application areas where planning techniques can play an important role. Web service composition, automated computing or dynamic compilation are some of them (Kambhampati 2007). One of the reasons why planning techniques are not being actively used in these areas is the burden of developing domain definition. It is well understood among the planning community that defining a complete domain for the target application is not easy (Bartk & McCluskey 2005; Yang, Wu, & Jiang 2007). Indeed, DARPA has started the Integrated Learning Initiative to address this issue (DARPA 2006). Recently, (Kambhampati 2007) has proposed the model-lite planning paradigm, which motivates the study of planning techniques that do not rely on the complete domain definition. Although it is hard to write a complete domain definition, it may be relatively easy to provide an approximate domain definition which may not be complete. The challenge is to plan with the current-best model and update it Copyright c © 2007, American Association for Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. as experiences are gathered. In this paper, we describe our on-going research on the learning and planning framework with incomplete domain models. We use probabilistic logic to represent uncertain domain models. We separate precondition and effect of action definitions into two different se t of axioms, precondition and effect axioms, where each of the axiom has an associated probability. This separation helps a straightforward setup of a well known machine learning problem. Then, we show that planning can be viewed as an MPE (most probable explanation) problem, given the initial state, goal and the current domain model. Next, we view MPE problem as weighted MAXSAT problem, as considered by (Park 2002). Thus, the planning problem with an incomplete domain model becomes a weighted MAXSAT problem, which enables us to use publicly available approximate solvers that scales well, e.g., maxwalksat. Note that our proposed approach for planning can also be applied to probabilistic planning. There are two aspects of learning in our framework. • Given a set of weighted precondition and effect axioms, the learning is mainly updating their weight. A weight update on logic formulae can straightforwardly be achieved with MLN (Markov logic network) (Richardson & Domingos 2006) or Problog (De Raedt, Kimmig, & Toivonen 2007) approaches. We show how we construct training data and how the learning updates the domain model. • Given explicit background knowledge, we show how we use the knowledge to reduce the number of potential candidate precondition or effect axioms. This will make later planning easier, as the plangraph construction will be lighter. Explicit consideration of background knowledge is an interesting point of our framework. At first glance, it might be surprising that we assume incomplete domain model but expect background knowledge. However, this is not an unreasonable assumption. In most domain modeling tasks, the problem is not so much that no background knowledge is available, but that it is hard to come up with complete and consistent set of operators that respect all the background knowledge. This is particularly useful when there are obvious domain constraints, e.g. no more than one block on top of a block in Blocksworld, but it is not easy to create a set of actions that maintains the property.


Lecture presented at the Von Karman Institute in Brussels during the short course on Numerical methods in Fluid Dynamics, 7 - 11 February 1972.


Tourism is currently one of the world's largest and fastest growing industries. It accounted for 10% of global GDP or US$4.7 trillion in 2000. Its development in Nigeria has undergone a gradual and progressive evolution. It is one of the six priority sectors in the Nigerian economic development agenda. In Cross River State, tourism and Agriculture remain the two pillars of the State government's economic development aspirations. The Cross River State Tourism Bureau established in 2003 is responsible for the handling of all matters relating to tourism development in the State, which is blessed with both natural and manmade tourist attractions, among which are Mary Slessor's Residence in Odukpani, Amazing Grace Marina at Freedom Bay Calabar, Tinapa and Calabar Free Trade Zones, Agbokim Waterfalls, Obudu Cattle Ranch with the longest cable car in West Africa, the Cross River National Park, Afi Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary, among others. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of many projects in the State has not been carried out. Long term use of many of these tourist sites may result in negative impacts on the ecosystem that justified the creation of the resorts in the first place. Benefits accruing to local communities have not been substantial. It was recommended that EIA be carried out in all the tourist sites to avoid the consequences of overuse of the resources. Public enlightenment campaigns, seminars and workshops should be organized for the benefit of local communities, who should also be provided with micro credit facilities to invest in the tourism industry.


1.IntroductionUsing podcasts in teaching speaking skills could be a branch of CALL approach which is used as a method in language teaching and learning. Thus computer is used as an aid to presentation, reinforcement, and assessment of materials to be learned, consists a substantial interactive elements (Graham, 1997, 2012). Levy (1997) also argued that CALL's definition is the research for and study of application of the computer in language teaching and learning. Podcast programs could download and use them through computer for language learning and teaching as offline program.CALL as a Web-based language learning tool has played the role of supplementary resources for teaching English as a second language (ESL) in using the Web site in teaching English to a group of students in an ESL context. Three types of WBLL activities are pre-created Web activities for grammar, vocabulary, reading and listening, task-based Web activities that require students to use the Web to produce certain outcomes, and teacher-made Web activities which these WBLL sessions are provided by Web site for ESL teachers. Online podcast programs are kind of these web activities. This study was downloaded the selected contents of podcasts since there was not Internet facilities at the university or it was very slow.The growth of technology and increase of significant of English learning in business, science and media has made learners learn English through CALL, Moodle, and the Internet. The life of people, nowadays, is affected by their powerful personal computers and net connection (Mishan, 2005). According to Gulek and Demirtas (2005), they prefer to rely on writing e-mails, chatting on yahoo, sending online cards, reading online news, at all using computers and the Internet for their connections. According to the Office of Information Technology of the University of Minnesota in the United States (2006), these days, there is a shift from e-learning to mobile learning and there is a tendency towards the use of podcasting as a time-shifting technology. Podcasting refers to the distribution of audio/video files in digital format. These resources can be manually downloaded from the Internet or distributed automatically to subscribers. These files can be accessed directly from the desktop or transferred to a portable media device such as an MP3 player to be listened to 'on the go (Son, 2008).1.1. Oral PerformanceOral performance in both native and second or foreign language learning involves acquiring proficiency. Essberger (2000) proposes that speaking is not occurring without opportunity of talk with the interlocutors the same as other skills, and then teachers should prepare an area for learners to speak. Brown and Yule (1983) argue that, "In the production of speech, [...] each speaker needs to speak. He needs to speak individually and he needs someone to listen to his speaking and to respond to him" (p. 25).Hymes' (1972) theory of communication competence is evidence of the relationship between speaking and listening comprehension. While as communicative competence stresses on grammatical competence, sociolinguistic competence, discourse competence, rules for both cohesion and coherence, and strategies competence. Canale and Swain (1980) separate grammatical from sociolinguistic competence which includes sociocultural rules and discourse rules. Furthermore, they distinguished discourse competence (i.e., coherence and cohesion) from sociolinguistic competence (Bachman, 1995). Learning to speak like the other skills needs more practice and has its own cognitive and metacognitive activities which involves discussion, speeches, role plays, conversations, audiotaped oral dialogue journals and other accuracy- based activities such as retelling and reconstruction (Celce-Murcia, 2001). The present study stressed on significance of improving abilities of speaking by listening to the podcasts and reconstruction activity. …


This paper shows the most recent result of the laser communication experiment using ETS-VI satellite. The satellite failed into geostationary orbit and it is currently in a high elliptic three- day recurrent orbit, but from December 1994, we have performed laser transmission experiment for both uplink and downlink.


A logic designed for the purpose of representing and reasoning about access policies is called an access control logic. One of the objectives of access control logics is to understand the semantics meaning and proof theory of domain-specific connectives like A says s and A cansay f from SecPAL [3]. Other motives for studying access control logics include practical enforcement of policies via proof-carrying authorization, analysis of policies, and audit. In this handout, we consider a well-studied access control logic which extends first-order intuitionistic logic with the connective A says s [1, 5, 6]. Following [5], we'll call the logic ICL. The syntax of ICL is shown below. The letter A denotes principals. Technically principals are terms and may be quantified over. p(t1, . . . , tn) denotes an atomic formula obtained by applying the predicate symbol p to the terms t1, . . . , tn. Terms t, A ::= x | Alice | Bob | . . . Formulas r, s ::= p(t1, . . . , tn) | > | ⊥ | s1 ∧ s2 | s1 ∨ s2 | s1 ⊃ s2 | ∀x.s | ∃x.s | A says s


The rates of wear of different tread materials were determined by weighing tires after running them prescribed distances on the roads. The method proved feasible for passenger car tires, involved a minimum amount of work, and y ielded data in a few miles of driving which could be used to predict the life of the tread. This paper presents typical results obtained on five different tread materials, including prewar natural rubber treads. The rate of wear of the Jeast resistant tread material was eight times that of the most resistant material. CONTENTS Page


In this study, ferroelectric PbTiO₃ thin films were prepared by Sol-Gel method for the application to the dielectric material of DRAM. The stock solutions were spin-coated on the Pt/SiO₂/Si substrate. And dried at 400℃for 1hour. The coating process was repeated 5 times and then the specimens sintered at 500~800℃ for 1hour. The final thickness or this thin film was about 3000Å. Crystallization behavior of PbTiO₃ thin films were investigated as a function of annealing temperature by the XRD. The microstructure of the thin film were investigated by SEM. The ferroelectric perovskite single were observed in the film annealed at 700℃ for 1 hour. In the case of PbTiO₃thin films annealed at 700℃ for 1hour, dielectric constant and dielectric loss showed the good value of 324, 2.0%, respectively.


Compsa is the name of the ancient town of Conza della Campania, in Irpinia, which as a result of the 1980 earthquake was completely destroyed. An extensive study over the entire urban area founded on the dialogue between the examples of the restoration project and the potential to represent it through innovative, instrumental research-projects has revealed not only unedited historical data which have enriched our knowledge regarding the ite, but also significant traces to elaborate the proposed project to re-evaluate such a unique archaeological park have been revealed. The extreme complexity of the theme, which involves the urban and panoramic dimensions as well as the architectural one includes also the need for the re-evaluation of the archaeological park and the extraordinary presence of ancient evidence and remains in a town which is made up of rubble.


Diesel engines have been used as power sources of propulsion as well as electric generator for oceangoing vessels. Although they have advantages in thermal efficiency and durability compared to other types of internal combustion engines, their exhaust gases contain harmful substances, such as nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide or particulate matter, which cause environmental pollution. Dimethyl Ether (DME) has been paid attention as one of the alternative fuels of the diesel engine, since it emits less soot emission compared to fossil fuels. Thus, various studies have been done that use neat DME as the fuel oil of diesel engines. The aim of this study is to clarify whether liquefied DME mixed with Bunker C (JIS C heavy oil) could improve the engine performance of diesel engines. In the present study, a pressure resistant fuel tank was made to mix liquefied DME and Bunker C, and a direct injection type of diesel engine was used to analyze the combustion characteristics. From the experiments, it is obtained that the ignition delay can be shortened with mixing DME to Bunker C. Also, DME mixed fuel can reduce the incomplete combustion substances, such as carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons and soot. Moreover, it can diminish the amount of carbon dioxide emission with DME mixed fuel while keeping almost the same thermal efficiency with neat Bunker C.


The invention is directed to a head-up display. The head-up display is provided with an image generator (23), an optical system (25), a transmissive screen (21) and a transparency mask (4) . The transparency mask (4) is arranged close to a display (3) of the image generator (23).


Scorzonera pygmaea, an indigenous plant of western Anatolia, belongs to the Scorzonera genus, which includes various species recognized for their edible and medicinal properties. This study is aimed at investigating the phenolic composition of S. pygmaea; evaluating its antioxidant, cytotoxic, apoptotic, and genotoxic activities; and assessing the impact of S. pygmaea on the expression of cell cycle regulatory genes. HPLC-DAD analysis identified chlorogenic acid as the predominant phenolic compound, potentially linking plant to dietary benefits. The antioxidant potential, evaluated using DPPH radical scavenging and CUPRAC assays, yielded an IC50 value of

 63.53
 ±
 6.29

  μg/ml and a Trolox equivalent of

 0.061
 ±
 0.013

  g/g, respectively. To assess antigrowth activity, the S. pygmaea extract was tested against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines, along with the nonmalignant MCF-10A cell line, using sulforhodamine B and ATP cell viability assays. The results exhibited highly consistent IC50 values of 104.63, 179.27, and 90.83 μg/ml, respectively. Notably, the S. pygmaea extract induced apoptosis in all cell lines, with MDA-MB-231 cells displaying a higher percentage of early apoptotic cells under fluorescence microscopy. The comet assay revealed that S. pygmaea extract induced DNA damage in all cell lines, with MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells showing an accumulation of DNA damage over time. Gene expression analysis revealed significant alterations in cell cycle regulators, with each cell line displaying distinct and time-dependent patterns after exposure to S. pygmaea. Collectively, these findings underscore the cytotoxic, apoptotic, and genotoxic activities of S. pygmaea while simultaneously emphasizing its antioxidant potential, especially given its high chlorogenic acid content. The dual role of S. pygmaea, evidenced by its cytotoxic and antioxidant properties, suggests the potential for further exploration of its utilization within the food industry as a possible dietary resource, while necessitating further studies to fully understand its implications.


The study examines the development and use of a 3D multiuser virtual environment for teaching solar system's facts and concepts. The objective was firstly to examine the environment from a technical and utilitarian perspective and secondly to examine whether the learning objectives of the teaching material were achieved. The virtual world was created with the use of the open source platform OpenSimulator. Two groups of randomly selected students from the Department of Primary School Education, University of the Aegean, were formed. The first group was given the application, while the second group was given the same cognitive material, but this time a much simpler online presentation program was used. The results are considered satisfactory. Both groups showed significant progress regarding their knowledge of the solar system, but the first group had better results compared to the second.


Recently Nielsen and Olesenu proposed the vortex line model of extended hadron on the analogy of type II superconductor. The essence of their argument is based on the same idea as pointed out by Dirac2l in 1931. The idea is as follows. In quantum mechanics, phases of wave functions are not observable, for only the transition matrices have physical meaning. This implies that a wave function ¢(x) may have a singularity in its phase x (x) in the sense that E1" 0"a P Coax (x)) *0 and there is a nordal line on which \¢\ c:=:O. In this case, however, one observes magnetic monopole at each end of nordal lines. We may recognize the physical meaning of nordal line as a magnetization or a line along which dipole moments are distributed. The existence of nordal lines gives rise to no physical effect in the old Dirac theory. The only effect is that its end looks like an isolated Elagnetic monopole. However, as is well known, the Higgs mechanism alters the situation essentially. The vector field acquires its mass and twines round the nordal line. Thus we have a vortex line which has energy proportional to its length. This is the very case that occurs in the type II superconductor. Very interesting application of this phenomenon was given by the pioneering work of Nielsen and Olesen and later by Nambu3l and ]eYicki and Senjanovitz. 4l The purpose of this short note is to obtain a more general solution of vortex line and compare it with the string model given by Nambu. 'vV e take charged scalar electrodynamics as our model, namely, the system of interacting charged scalar field and neutral vector field. We limit our discussion to the classical and static case. The nordal line of the scalar field is characterized by a vector M(x) which vanishes except on a one-dimentional line. As a simple example one can set M(x) = g J "dr5n (rJ)i'J3 (xy (u)), (1) 0


2. Summary of the application Several medical and analytical techniques utilise electrical circuitry at very low temperatures. An exemption is needed to allow the use of solders containing lead because these alloys are the only types known to survive the normal expected lifetime of medical devices such as MRI and also analytical instruments that utilise electrical circuits operating at very low temperatures. All tin alloys that can be used as solders undergo a phase transformation at low temperature that destroys solder bonds. Some metal additions retard the phase transformation but research has shown that none are as effective as lead. All of the lead-free solders that are currently available will transform at a faster rate so that products will have a shorter lifetime.


The effects of different molasses concentration (0%,3%,6% and 9% of fresh weight) on the fermentation quality of ensiled Lespedeza bicolor were studied. The results showed that molasses significantly reduced the pH value of the ensiled forage(P 0.001); no difference was observed between the silages treated with molasses and the control silage (P 0.05). Higher preservation of water soluble sugar and dry matter were detected in the molasses treated-silages than those of the control silage. Silages treated with the 6% and 9% molasses significantly(P 0.05) increased the NH3-N and decreased the true protein concentration in the ensiled forage compared to the control silage, which indicated that the fermentation quality would not be improved if high concentration of molasses was used at ensiling of Lespedeza bicolor.


During World War I Josef Bayer had the possibility to collect stone tools und to study museums inventories as an officer in Palestine in 1917 and 1918. He did the main part of his studies in 1917 because the dramatic situation at the end of the war in 1918 did not allow further studies. On the basis of collected flint assemblages, which he thought to be a transitional industry between Lower Palaeolithic and Neolithic, Bayer defined a new culture named "Askalonian".


Methods for determining the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene(PE-UHMW) were introduced in this paper,including intrinsic viscosity,rheology,and gel permeation chromatography(GPC).Viscosity method was the most widely used one,in which Ubbelohde viscometer was used.Since PE-UHMW possessed a very long relaxation time,rheological method was tedious.GPC method had to be carried out at high temperatures and thus was subjected to some limitations.


The rapid development of national science and technology,technological progress with each passing day,this article from years of teaching and research in the teaching of the fitter,analyzed and summarized,modern fitter tra-ining skilled personnel exist many problems,and to explore the analysis solution.


stock sale may offer the advantages of more favorable tax treatment, a simpler and more reliable method of relieving the seller of liabilities associated with the enterprise and a method of avoiding some of the complicated, timeconsuming and expensive transactional details associated with sale of assets transactions. On the downside, however, concern about compliance with the registration and antifraud provisions of the securities laws is more acute when ownership is transferred through the sale of stock. It has generally been assumed that sellers in transactions so structured face the problems of obtaining an exemption from registration that, even if perfected, would not eliminate the lingering threat of an antifraud action.1 A doctrine has emerged in the courts that promises relief from the burdens of complying with the federal securities laws in certain stock-based sale of business transactions. Twelve reported cases2 of relatively recent vintage,


Conservation Law Enforcement is one of the most dangerous jobs in the world, with more than a thousand Rangers killed over the last decade. Of these casualties, 58 per cent have been caused by either dangerous game or armed criminals. Despite this, it appears that only 29 per cent of Rangers worldwide carry out their duties while armed. In many instances, this is due to tight restrictions on the availability and issue of semi-automatic rifles. In countries where firearms laws restrict ready access to semi-automatic rifles, conservation agencies have often purchased and equipped their Rangers with shotguns. This article argues that, in the context of conservation law enforcement, shotguns have a range of limitations when compared to a bolt-action centrefire rifle, and that a civilian-legal 'Ranger Rifle'—designed around law enforcement needs—is the best alternative where semi-automatic rifles are unavailable.


The present invention is RF identification and mobile communication combining article information checking system and method. The system includes information center comprising initialization subsystem, checking subsystem and network server; and label user side subsystem. It features that it includes also one RFID label information checking module combined with cellphone, and the module generates random code automatically, writes, enciphers and stores the checked RFID label, receives label information, synthesizes the label information with the random code and sends short message to the checking subsystem in the information center. The checking subsystem searches and deciphers the received short message information data package, and compares with that in the data base to judge the truth. The present invention reaches the anti-fake aim via one enciphering, twice confirmation, three side interaction and five anti-fake measures.


The development of chemotherapies for glioblastoma is hindered by their limited bioavailability and toxicity on normal brain function. To overcome these limitations, we investigated the structure‐dependent activity of heptamethine cyanine dyes (HMCD), a group of tumour‐specific and BBB permeable near‐infrared fluorescent dyes, in both commercial (U87MG) and patient‐derived GBM cell lines. HMCD analogues with strongly ionisable sulphonic acid groups were not taken up by patient‐derived GBM cells, but were taken up by the U87MG cell line. HMCD uptake relies on a combination of transporter uptake through organic anion‐transporting polypeptides (OATPs) and endocytosis into GBM cells. The uptake of HMCDs was not affected by p‐glycoprotein efflux in GBM cells. Finally, we demonstrate structure‐dependent cytotoxic activity at high concentrations (EC50: 1–100 μM), likely due to mitochondrial damage‐induced apoptosis. An in vivo orthotopic glioblastoma model highlights tumour‐specific accumulation of our lead HMCD, MHI‐148, for up to 7 days following a single intraperitoneal injection. These studies suggest that strongly ionisable groups like sulphonic acids hamper the cellular uptake of HMCDs in patient‐derived GBM cell lines, highlighting cell line‐specific differences in HMCD uptake. We envisage these findings will help in the design and structural modifications of HMCDs for drug‐delivery applications for glioblastoma.


This book is the second in a proposed three-volume set dealing with selected topics concerning the kidney. Volume 2 contains seven separate monographs which include explants of the embryonic kidney, kidney and viruses, erythropoietin, experimental glomerular disease, pyelonephritis, toxic effects on the kidney, and kidney tumors. Mc-Cluskey and Vassalli's chapter on experimental glomerular disease is clear, thorough, and timely. Their description of immune complex diseases, antiglomerular basement membrane antibody diseases, and intravascular coagulation in experimental models with the possible relation to human disease is well-organized and comprehensible. Granoff's chapter concerning the kidney and viruses is stimulating, terse, and well referenced. Both volumes 1 and 2 deserve a place in larger reference libraries. Anyone interested in the kidney and its functions would benefit from a review of Rouiller's chapter in volume 1 concerned with general anatomy and histology of the kidney and the chapter in volume 2 dealing with experimental glomerular


Objective To investigate the effects of micronization on the dissolution of strychnine and brucine in semen strychni.Methods According to the dissolution method described in the appendix XC of Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2010 edition),artificial gastric fluid and intestinal fluid as dissolution medium with the rotating speed at 50 r/min,and the sampling volume was 900 mL,dissolution of micronization of semen strychni before and after was determined by HPLC.Results T50,Td and T90 were selected as dissolution parameters,brucine and strychnine as indicators,the dissolution parameters of ultrafine powder of semen strychni were 0.38,1.33,19.50,0.39,1.31,17.63 min;coarse powder were 19.43,44.53,249.12,20.84,44.96,229.95 min in artificial intestinal fluid.And in artificial gastric fluid,the dissolution parameters of ultrafine powder of strychni semen were 0.32,1.25,20.60,0.45,1.41,20.81 min;coarse powder were 20.53,43.31,220.30,20.76,46.02,241.82 min.The dissolution parameters of strychnine and brucine of ultrafine powder and its coarse powder in gastric and intestinal fluid had a statistically significant difference(P0.05).Conclusion Micronization can improve dissolution content and dissolution rate of strychnine and brucine in strychni semen.


The minimum-cost $k$-edge-connected spanning subgraph ($k$-ECSS) problem is a generalization and strengthening of the well-studied minimum-cost spanning tree (MST) problem. While the round complexity of distributedly computing the latter has been well-understood, the former remains mostly open, especially as soon as $k\geq 3$. In this paper, we present the first distributed algorithm that computes an approximation of $k$-ECSS in sublinear time for general $k$. Concretely, we describe a randomized distributed algorithm that, in $\tilde{O}(k(D+k\sqrt{n}))$ rounds, computes a $k$-edge-connected spanning subgraph whose cost is within an $O(\log n\log k)$ factor of optimal. Here, $n$ and $D$ denote the number of vertices and diameter of the graph, respectively. This time complexity is nearly optimal for any $k=poly(\log n)$, almost matching an $\tilde{\Omega}(D+\sqrt{n/k})$ lower bound. Our algorithm is the first to achieve a sublinear round complexity for $k\geq 3$. We note that this case is considerably more challenging than the well-studied and well-understood $k=1$ case -- better known as MST -- and the closely related $k=2$ case. Our algorithm is based on reducing the $k$-ECSS problem to $k$ set cover instances, in which we gradually augment the connectivity of the spanning subgraph. To solve each set cover instance, we combine new structural observations on minimum cuts with graph sketching ideas. One key ingredient in our algorithm is a novel structural lemma that allows us to compress the information about all minimum cuts in a graph into a succinct representation, which is computed in a decentralized fashion. We hope that this succinct representation may find applications in other computational settings or for other problems.


Abstract : A live, realistic environment has always been the preferred medium for military training. However, numerous considerations such as safety and constrained resources, along with technical advances, continue to make virtual and constructive simulations attractive as supplements to live training -- so long as these alternatives can offer resource-saving benefits. In fact, virtual simulations are currently capable of supporting many individual and an increasing number of collective tasks required for training our armed forces. However, there are significant limitations that reduce the effectiveness of virtual training simulations, and stand as roadblocks to a seamless objective LVC capability. Most virtual simulations focus on training an individual Warfighter on one specific battlefield operating system. They do not enable small unit leaders and commanders to effectively manage the integration of that system into a combined arms fight. While standards of interoperability exist, networking these separate virtual devices together to enable combined arms team training requires a platoon of civilian technicians and weeks of modification. Geographically distributed events present major hurtles. The specificity of virtual terrain databases which are based on the individual requirements of their system, preclude a fair-fight with other databases of the same geographic terrain. Some of these limitations are technical in nature and will be addressed through advances and focused research in the field of virtual simulation. Others are based on current technical architectures, stove-piped requirements, and the lack of common synthetic environment products. This paper examines current capabilities and suggests requirements necessary for future virtual simulations to enable the LVC vision.


This paper tries to demonstrate German sinologists Richard and Hellmut Wilhelm's particular academic horizon and transparent problem awareness through their translation,introduction and studies of the Zhouyi in German and English world. They took fundamental issues of life and even the issues of the whole human being into their interpretations of the Zhouyi. Meanwhile,they attempted to find their understanding of Chinese mind,wisdom and cultural thinking in the Zhouyi so as to find a kind of more universal cosmic wisdom out of the Occidental culture. They "opened" the Zhouyi in their unique style in the world of the Western culture by which they did not aim to transmit exact knowledge related to the Zhouyi,but to enlighten people to think over and discuss the possibility of the culture and thought/thinking conceived in the Zhouyi and further introspect circumstances of instant existence.


An easy, highly efficient and a new convenient one-pot, two-step approach to the synthesis of 3-(3-benzyl-2-(phenylimino)-2,3-dihydrothiazol-4-yl)-6-methyl-4-(2-oxo-2-phenylethoxy)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one is described. These compounds were synthesized from 3-(3-benzyl-2-(phenylimino)-2,3-dihydrothiazol-4-yl)-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one and α-bromoketones in good yields. The compounds 4 were synthesized by a multi-component reaction between 1, 2, and 3 and the prominent features of this protocol are mild reaction conditions, operation simplicity, and good to high yields of products.


Higher numerical aperture and shorter exposure wave length are important in attaining high resolution step and repeat photolithography. However, the usable depth of focus tends to be shallower when using higher numerical aperture lenses and shorter exposure wave length. This contradiction is a major obstacle in submicron photo-lithography. In this paper, a novel method for enlarging the defocus tolerance, Focus Latitude enhancement EXposure method (FLEX) is presented. FLEX is a method that focuses the image on the upper and lower levels of the steps on the wafer surface and takes multiple exposures of the same position under different focusing conditions. This method was applied to the i-line(365nm) stepper with 0.42 numerical aperture. A practical focal range expanded to 5μm. This amount of defocus tolerance is approximately three times larger than that of the conventional method. In FLEX, the image contrast of line/space patterns are lower than that of the conventional method. However, the contrast enhanced layer improves the image contrast greatly. Using FLEX, submicron contact hole patterns are successfully delineated over a 10μm step height.


The equations of motion of the Weyl-Dirac theory with complex β recently proposed by the authors indicate that multiply connected regions of space-time generate an in-invariant charge. This charge arises from the equation that requires that flux be quantized whenever space-time is multiply connected.


During the First World War, the 1916 Conscription Act allowed individuals to claim exemption from military service. George Winter contends with the issue of conscientious objection, and its influence on medical and nursing ethics


This article will argue that the meetings between Turkey and the Kurdistan Workers Party PKK between 2006-2015 were employed by the Turkish state to gain advantage in the conflict they were suppose...


In this article, we describe the evolution of a statewide alternative teacher preparation program for teachers of students with disabilities and explain current processes to revise and expand the program to increase accessibility to teacher candidates in rural schools. We will identify important features of the program including (a) significant collaboration with Local Education Agencies, (b) the combination of synchronous and asynchronous course delivery to increase accessibility, and (c) embedded supports for alternative preparation teacher candidates completing a distance learning program, as well as describe the process and collaboration involved in revising the program to increase accessibility and efficiency, while retaining quality. Ongoing challenges to delivering effective alternative preparation programs that are accessible to individuals in rural schools and potential solutions to these challenges are provided.


Density functional theory (DFT) was used to study the adsorption of a hydrogen molecule in the system formed by a graphene layer and a Ti doped semi-fullerene. We found that the semi-fullerene is bound to the graphene layer, with one of the hexagonal faces of the former being oriented into the latter, the adsorption energy is -14.97 eV. Afterwards, we found that the Ti atom is chemisorbed into the semi-fullerene, with an energy of -8.4 eV. Finally, we studied the interaction between the hydrogen molecule and the combined system, finding that the H2 is adsorbed by the system with an adsorption energy of -1.41 eV.


The aim of this research was to investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of a multi-component rehabilitation program including: transcutaneous interferential current therapy and therapeutic exercises in patients with musculoskeletal symptoms in post COVID-19 syndrome. Materials and Methods: 62 patients, mean age 55.9(13.99), aged 21 to 79 years, with persistent musculoskeletal symptoms in the recovery phase after experiencing COVID-19 were included in this study. All patients underwent a ten-day treatment course in an outpatient setting, including transcutaneous application of interferential current with four electrodes. The therapeutic parameters were selected with analgesic, trophic and stimulating effects (90-100 Hz, 5min and 0-100 Hz, 15min). Immediately after electrotherapy, kinesitherapy was performed including: breathing exercises, aerobic training, active and resistance exercises for the limbs, postural control exercises and exercises to improve the mobility of the peripheral joints and the axial skeleton. Results were evaluated by: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for assessment of back pain, Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for arthralgia and myalgia assessment, Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) – fatigue assessment, functional tests of mobility, Goniometry in the spine, Ott Sign- for measuring the range of motion (ROM) of the thoracic spine, Schober's test to determine a lumbar spine range of motion (flexion), Tom Meyer's test for total hip joint and spine flexion mobility. The results were reported before and after the rehabilitation. The statistical significance level was specified as (p<0.05). Results: Musculoskeletal symptoms in the observed patients persisted for an average of 12 weeks, ranging from 7 to 20 weeks, and included: myalgia in 46.8% (29), arthralgia 29.0% (18), pain in various back departments 79.0% (49), fatigue 66.1% (41). Inpatient treatment for acute COVID-19 was performed in 35.5% (22) of patients, and home and outpatient treatment in 64.5% (40). There was a statistically significant reduction (Mean (SD)) after therapy in back pain (VAS) from 4.88(1.5) to 1.93(1.1), myalgia (NRS) from 3.66(1.2) to 1.29(1.1), arthralgia (NRS) from 3.27(1.2) to 0.89 (0.8), and fatigue index (BFI) showed a reduction from 5.73(1.4) to 3.22(1.4). There was an increase in mobility in Ott's symptom from 2.24(1.2) to 2.86(0.9) cm, Schober's test 1.41(1.2) to 2.38(0.9) cm, Tom Meyer's test from - 8.23(6.5) to - 2.46(3.7) cm. Conclusion: In the recovery phase post COVID-19, some of the patients had long-time persistent musculoskeletal symptoms (fatigue, myalgia, arthralgia, back pain). These are a common reason for these patients to be referred for outpatient rehabilitation. In order to design a multi-component rehabilitation programme, it is necessary to take into account individual characteristics and comorbidities. The inclusion of physical modalities such as electrotherapy requires an accurate assessment of the rehabilitation potential and the presence of any counterindications. Therapeutic exercises have been proven to be effective in post COVID-19 patients. The results of this study show that the combination of interferential current therapy and therapeutic exercise can effectively reduce back pain, myalgia, arthralgia, and perception of fatigue. On the other hand, this multicomponent program resulted in improvement in functional tests in the studied patients. Due to the small sample size, it is advisable to continue the study in the future, covering a larger number of patients with long-standing musculoskeletal symptoms as part of post-COVID-19 syndrome, in order to design an effective strategy that can efficiently reduce negative health consequences and improve functional activity in these patients.


Community Question Answering (CQA) is a popular type of service where users ask questions and where answers are obtained from other users or from historical question-answer pairs. CQA archives contain large volumes of questions organized into a hierarchy of categories. As an essential function of CQA services, question retrieval in a CQA archive aims to retrieve historical question-answer pairs that are relevant to a query question. This article presents several new approaches to exploiting the category information of questions for improving the performance of question retrieval, and it applies these approaches to existing question retrieval models, including a state-of-the-art question retrieval model. Experiments conducted on real CQA data demonstrate that the proposed techniques are effective and efficient and are capable of outperforming a variety of baseline methods significantly.


From the nineties, the recognition of cultural and religious diversity in public schools in Catalonia has increased. Although, there are still fissures between discourses and practices. Our objective is to understand how cultural and religious diversity in public schools is working on and, then, we want to identify innovative experiences. In order to achieve this goal, a mixed methodology has been used: at first, we made 380 survey to management teams at the centers of primary education; at first, we made 380 survey to management teams at the centers of primary education; and, in a second phase, we interviewed 21 people from centers where we had detected innovative experiences at phase one. Also, we have interviewed four experts teachers linked with cultural and religious subject.Thus, the results of the survey show, for instance, that the subject of religion is performed unevenly: the Catholic religion is taught in most schools still minimal or no presence of others religions. About the qualitative part, we detected innovations and good practices, synthetically, revolve around the establishment of synergies and networking with the community and the environment, incorporating multiculturalism into the curriculum and daily life of the center, the implementation of new participation spaces to encourage the involvement of families and community, the conversion of the subject of religion in religious culture, among others.


A major obstacle to advancing knowledge of the genetic predictors of disease has been the failure to replicate findings when tested in new populations. In this letter, we present findings that attempted to replicate statistical significant associations from our previously published investigation of variation in 24 hemostasis genes and the risk of incident venous thrombosis (VT) in post-menopausal women.1 In the original work, we identified 21 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 6 haplotypes across 24 hemostasis genes that were associated with a nominal p-value of less than 0.05. Among these, 5 SNPs remained significant after adjusting for multiple testing using a 0.2 threshold of the false-discovery rate q value.2 Three of the 5 were "new" findings not previously reported. In this report, we used data from 2 studies to replicate the 3 findings and to further explore the other 24 associations in addition to the 2 well-characterized variants, factor V Leiden (rs6024) and prothrombin 20210A (rs1799963).

Using meta-analytic methods, we combined data from an on-going, population-based, case-control study in women 18–89 years of age and data from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), a prospective cohort study of men and women aged 65 years and older. None of the subjects in this meta-analysis was included in the original report. The case-control data included only newly recruited subjects to the on-going study that produced the original report. Detailed methods were previously published.1 Briefly, new cases included 91 incident VT events in premenopausal women that occurred between years 1995 and 2004 and 120 incident VT events in postmenopausal women that occurred in years 2003 and 2004. Also included were 187 and 435 matched controls, respectively. The median age at the time of the VT event was 54 years (interquartile range 41–72 years), 100% were women, and 89% were white. Genotyping was performed on genomic DNA using an Illumina GoldenGate custom panel. The cohort data were incident VT events in CHS identified by the Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology (LITE). Methods for CHS and LITE were previously published.3, 4

Briefly, CHS recruited 5,888 participants in 2 waves: 1989–90 (original cohort) and 1992–93 (minority cohort). Among CHS participants without a history of VT at baseline and for whom we had DNA and consent to use it for research, we identified 150 incident VT events through 2002, the last year of VT event identification in CHS-LITE. The median age at the time of the VT event was 79 years (interquartile range 74–84 years), 55% were women, and 79% were white. Genotyping was performed on genomic DNA using an Illumina GoldenGate custom panel.

Each study independently conducted association analyses of the 23 SNPs (including factor V Leiden and prothrombin 20210A variants) and 6 haplotypes with the risk of incident VT. Logistic regression was used to estimate relative risk (RR) of VT in the case-control study and Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate risk of VT in the cohort study. For both analyses, age- and race (white versus non-white) adjusted additive genetic models were used for SNP and haplotype associations. The case-control study also adjusted for case-control matching variables, which included index year, menopausal status, and hypertension status. The cohort study also adjusted for sex and clinic site as well as sampling variables, which included hypertension status and duration of follow-up. We used a fixed-effects, inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis that combined risk-estimate coefficients and standard errors across the studies to produce a summary RR with alpha-based confidence intervals and p-value for each test. For the 3 SNPs that were "new" findings in the original publication and declared significant after adjustment for multiple testing, the 1-sided p-value threshold for replication was 0.0167 (0.05/3 with Bonferroni correction). For the 15 SNPs and haplotypes that were "new" associations in the original publication but not declared significant after adjusting for multiple testing, the 2-sided p-value threshold for significance was 0.0033 (0.05/15 with Bonferroni correction). For the remaining 11 SNPs for which there were previous reports in the literature of an association at the time of the original study, we attempted confirmation in the meta-analyzed data and used a 1-sided p-value threshold of 0.05. Furthermore, we tested all comparisons across the original and meta-analysis data to see if risk estimates were not statistically different. Statistical power was calculated based on the minor allele frequency (MAF) and relative risk (RR) from the original study.

The results of the meta-analysis that included 361 incident VT events are listed in the Table along with the original findings. For each SNP and haplotype, the MAF and RR with 95% confidence interval and p-value are provided. Also listed are the status of the finding at the time of the original publication (Original Status) and the current status (Updated Status) based on the results of the meta-analysis.

Table 1

Replication of associations between selected variants and haplotypes across hemostasis genes and the risk of incident venous thrombosis.


In 1837 Mary Lyon opened Mount Holyoke Female Seminary, an en dowed, incorporated institution like the better men's colleges. Its quick acceptance and evident permanence set the stage for the introduction of coeducation into a few, struggling state universities during the Civil War period and for the founding of women's colleges thereafter. In the words of a student at Abbot Academy, Mary Lyon and her onetime co-worker Zilpah Grant were "the nursing mothers of higher education and larger work for women." (1) O f the some one hundred female seminaries founded between 1820 and 1850, hers was exceptional: it survived, pros pered, and became a full-fledged college. Thus it was unlike Emma Willard's Troy Seminary, Zilpath Grant's Ipswich Seminary, and Catharine Beecher's Hartford Seminary. (2) Mary Lyon and Mount Holyoke: Opening the Gates combines biography and institutional history. It concentrates upon the period between 1834 —when a driven spinster began her fund-raising —and 1849, when she died at age fifty-two. Draw as she might upon others, Mary Lyon created what she wanted in Mount Holyoke. She and the institution were one —in the way that Williams College once personified Mark Hopkins. While author Green suggests this, it was probably her qualities of strength and determination which caused the tension and polite testiness that grew between Mary Lyon and Zilpath Grant, and that precluded closeness with Catharine Beecher. In the contest of wills that emerged between these strong-minded women, one misses the sense of sisterhood that ex isted, for example, between Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stan ton. Perhaps the radical feminists had more need and reason to band


This paper studies how well borrowers choose their credit contracts and to what extent borrowers' sophistication can be informative about their unobserved creditworthiness. To this end, I exploit a new source of quasi-experimental variation in interest rates, along with bunching methods. In the setting, the loan interest rate schedule features discrete jumps at specific loan amount thresholds, which create strong incentives for bunching below the thresholds. Contrary to what the benchmark model predicts, the findings show that not all borrowers minimize their financing costs. The estimates indicate that one percentage point increase in the interest rate reduces the demand for unsecured credit by 2.4%, but there is substantial heterogeneity in the sensitivities across borrowers. I explore different hypothesis for the lack of bunching, and I find that sophistication accounts for most of the heterogeneity, while liquidity constraints, adjustment costs, and saliency play only marginal roles. Finally, I find that borrowers who select not to bunch are more likely to default on their loans, and that lenders exploit this information when granting loans. ∗First version: September 2016. The University of Texas at Austin McCombs School of Business, 2110 Speedway, Stop B6600, Austin, TX 78712 (email@example.com). I would like to thank Andres Almazan, Aydogan Alti, Jonathan Cohn, Cesare Fracassi, Inessa Liskovich, Zack Liu, Daniel Paravisini, Carlos Parra, Robert Parrino, Clemens Sialm, Laura Starks, Sheridan Titman, Gregory Weitzner, Qifei Zhu and seminar participants at the University of Texas at Austin. The findings and conclusions in this paper are solely the responsibility of the author and do not reflect the views of Lending Club. All errors are my own.


At present, it is inconceivable a day to day without mobile phone, and more specifically, without
Smartphone. Due to the rise of these devices, more and more people use the many services they
offer. IOS and Android are the operating systems for mobile devices that has experienced the
greatest growth in recent years. On the other hand, the integration of the systems through the Web
Services, is another of the most present aspects today. For this reason, joining these forces - Web
Services and Smartphone - in the institutions becomes more and more sense. In this direction, this
project can make a contribution to the Israel Technological University.

This project is designed to increase the reach of web services through smartphone applications. A
mobile application becomes essential with the aim of providing comfort to users in this case
students of the University. This project tries to offer an application that allows both the consultation
of services, and the publication of news of interest for the university community.

Throughout the document the application is presented, presenting a description of characteristics
and main requirements, all the technologies used in the development of the tool, both client and
server side, as well as an analysis that will cover all phases from design to implementation


This article is about exposing and countering racism through critical pedagogy in the context of a Japanese EAP (English for academic purposes) program. Relevant issues are first raised through: (a) a review of academic work concerning Japanese constructions of language, race and culture commonly found in nihonjinron writings, a genre of literature concerned with depictions of Japanese uniqueness or Japaneseness; and (b) an examination of important historical developments in post-war Japan beginning with its occupation by the Allied forces after the nation's unconditional surrender, which is conducted with a view to demonstrating how the empowerment of a conservative politics has contributed to discourses that reify Japan as a "monolingual" and "monocultural" nation. Following this, the article focuses on how critical counter-storytelling can be combined with a critical pedagogy aimed at exposing and dialogizing prevailing discourses and practices relating to nihonjinron. The article concludes with a reiteration of the importance of denaturalizing and destabilizing racialized and racist practices extant in socio-educational spaces and a prognosis of what the future may hold with regards to ongoing contestations surrounding Japanese constructions of race and culture.


Microwave radiation of different polarization state of wavelength 7.1 mm (f=42.25 GHz) and surface power density at the level of an object - 0.2 mW/cm/sup 2/, exposure time 10 min. induces condensation of chromatin in human buccal cell nuclei. The effect of chromatin condensation was also observed after the influence of irradiation produced by cell phone. Microwave radiation induced the decrease of reproductive ability of drosophila. Left polarized microwave radiation induced more pronounced effects on chromatin condensation in human cells and reproductive ability of drosophila than right polarized microwave radiation.


We construct intersecting D-branes as noncommutative solitons in bosonic and type II string theory. ``Defect'' branes, which are D-branes containing bubbles of the closed string vacuum, play an important role in the construction.


Objective This study aimed to develop a risk prediction model identifying general practices at risk of workforce supply–demand imbalance. Design This is a secondary analysis of routine data on general practice workforce, patient experience and registered populations (2012 to 2016), combined with a census of general practitioners' (GPs') career intentions (2016). Setting/Participants A hybrid approach was used to develop a model to predict workforce supply–demand imbalance based on practice factors using historical data (2012–2016) on all general practices in England (with over 1000 registered patients n=6398). The model was applied to current data (2016) to explore future risk for practices in South West England (n=368). Primary outcome measure The primary outcome was a practice being in a state of workforce supply–demand imbalance operationally defined as being in the lowest third nationally of access scores according to the General Practice Patient Survey and the highest third nationally according to list size per full-time equivalent GP (weighted to the demographic distribution of registered patients and adjusted for deprivation). Results Based on historical data, the predictive model had fair to good discriminatory ability to predict which practices faced supply–demand imbalance (area under receiver operating characteristic curve=0.755). Predictions using current data suggested that, on average, practices at highest risk of future supply–demand imbalance are currently characterised by having larger patient lists, employing more nurses, serving more deprived and younger populations, and having considerably worse patient experience ratings when compared with other practices. Incorporating findings from a survey of GP's career intentions made little difference to predictions of future supply–demand risk status when compared with expected future workforce projections based only on routinely available data on GPs' gender and age. Conclusions It is possible to make reasonable predictions of an individual general practice's future risk of undersupply of GP workforce with respect to its patient population. However, the predictions are inherently limited by the data available.


Many kinds of triazole fungicides have been widely used in agricultural production. In order to assure the ecological safety,leaf-dipping method was used to determine the acute toxicity of eight triazole fungicides,namely tebuconazole,hexaconazole,diniconazole,penconazole,flusilazole,epoxiconazole,difenoconazole and propiconazole,to silkworm( Bombyx mori). The results showed that 96 h median lethal concentration( LC50) of flusilazole and diniconazole to the 2nd instar silkworm larvae was 40. 12 and 140. 32 mg /L respectively,exhibiting moderate toxicity and high risk if sprayed around mulberry field. The 96 h LC50 of epoxiconazole,penconazole,propiconazole,hexaconazole,difenoconazole and tebuconazole was 297. 62,388. 60,637. 76,690. 98,713. 40 and 947. 35 mg /L respectively,all of which were of low toxicity and moderate risk if sprayed around mulberry field. Furthermore,the toxic symptoms of silkworm larvae from treatment by triazole fungicides were similar. The toxicated larvae were softened,shortened,twisted into"C" or "S"shape,brownish in color,and antifeedant,etc. It is suggested that the high-risk triazole fungicides like flusilazole and diniconazole should be applied far from mulberry garden during silkworm rearing seasons.


During the past century, the inhabitants of South America's Southern Cone have experienced high hopes and deep frustrations. In the early twentieth century Argentina was counted among the richest countries in the world and experienced an extended period of liberal democratic politics. Before the 1970s, Chile and Uruguay had exceptionally stable democratic governments, and Uruguay was even considered a Latin American counterpart to European social democracy. Brazilians long expected that their country's ample resources and dynamic industry would allow it to become a major economic power, and many believed that social problems would be overcome through rapid economic growth. Since 1930, however, Argentines have endured repeated coups and dictatorships, and their country's economy has stagnated since the 1940s. In the early 1970s, democratic regimes in Chile and Uruguay were replaced by military dictatorships. In Brazil, the prosperity that once seemed near has been repeatedly postponed. Today the region faces a very uncertain future.


This study aimed to explore which of five strategies   had most positively affected women's career advancement into senior executive positions. Career advancement identified by the frequencies of formal promotion,   and the five strategies are: (1) Internal Networking; (2) Career Mentoring; (3) Advanced Education and Training; (4) Career Tracking; and (5) Exceeding Performance Expectations. Contrary to this strategies women are faced to some constraints as a Glass Ceiling problem: (1) Gender; (2) Discrimiation; (3) Organization policies; (4) Individual values and (5) Social values. This Research conducted in Yogyakarta Province with 62 respondents, government servant and private company employees. The multiple regression methodology used in this study determined which strategies had most positively correlated and affected women's career advancement and in contrast to the constraints. As a result of multiple regression analysis, Internal Networking was identified as the most effective promotional strategy. On the other hand, the gender issu was identified as the biggest problem faced to women's career advancement.


This study estimated the Rotterdam and the LA/AIDS model with the reason to determine an appropriate model for Namibian meat products. The data used in the study are prices and quantity demanded for Namibian meat products, such as beef, mutton, pork and chicken, for the period from January 2001 to December 2013. The data were analysed using Eview 7 by Seemingly Unrelated Regression Estimation (RSURE) method that produces four separate equations, namely beef, mutton, pork and chicken equations. The data used in predicting both models were first tested to determine whether they are stationary. As a result, the data employed were integrated of order one (I(1)). The parameters of the models were estimated using the RSURE method. The econometric restrictions, such as homogeneity and asymmetry, were imposed during the estimation of both the models. Because the mutton equation was dropped during the regression process, the adding-up restriction was used to recover the parameters for the mutton in both the models.


In order to conduct the necessary research in advance of system wide procurement, Houston METRO was faced with challenges caused by the lack of vehicle positioning infrastructure required to perform a pilot test. This paper describes the innovative approach chosen that would allow the research to proceed at minimal cost and without investment in proprietary equipment and software that would later be surplus. A demonstration conducted involved a subfleet of buses and utilized leased hardware along with private sector partnership in the development and refinement of the software tools. Commercially available communication service was also used in lieu of non-existent data radio capability. The project was conducted over a 9 month period inclusive of procurement, development and testing. Demonstration of the bus arrival information distribution at a transit center was conducted in January 2000.


1509 Background: Multigene panels are increasingly used for assessing hereditary cancer risk due to their ability to analyze numerous cancer susceptibility genes in parallel. Our aim was to study the outcomes of multi-gene panel testing in patients undergoing clinical testing for Lynch syndrome (LS). Methods: The study cohort was 1,260 consecutive patients with a history of LS-associated cancer and/or polyps who had undergone clinical genetic testing for LS in a commercial laboratory. Genomic DNA mutations were identified using a 25-gene hereditary cancer panel based on emulsion PCR and next generation sequencing. Germline sequence variations and large rearrangements were classified for pathogenicity. Patients' personal/family histories of cancer were obtained from test request forms submitted with clinical LS testing. Results: Panel testing found ≥1 pathogenic mutation in 160/1,260 (13%) patients and ≥1 variant of uncertain significance in 552/1,260 (44%) patients. Of the 160 mutation carriers, 116 (73%)...


Roger Blowey has been a partner in a large mixed practice in Gloucester for over 25 years. He is an RCVS Specialist in Cattle Health and Production and, in 1995, was awarded an FRCVS for meritorious contributions to learning. THE past 30 or so years have seen a considerable reduction in the incidence of clinical mastitis, with the national average now 43 cases per 100 cows per annum compared with over 120 in 1968. This reduction has been achieved through the adoption of the then National Institute for Research in Dairying's 'Five Point Plan' which has reduced the amount of contagious mastitis and has led to a fall in the national cell count from over 600,000/mi in the late 1960s to under 180,000/ml in 1998. Over this period the level of environmental clinical mastitis has increased slightly. This may be due to the larger herd sizes, the pressures put on the environment during the housed period and the greater milk flow rates associated with higher yields which have produced an increasingly open teat canal. This article discusses the principal risk factors associated with environmental mastitis and sets out a number of practical control measures.


A distribution function used to describe the occurrence of rare events or to describe the sampling distribution of isolated counts in a continuum of time or space. T his special probability distribution can apply to the number of discrete independent random events occurring in a given interval when knowing their average rate of occurrence over a very long interval. Qeios · Definition, February 7, 2020


Culturing of zebrafish is generally a low risk research activity for immunocompetent staff. The risk of infection can be further reduced with a sound educational policy.


Knowledge innovation is the foundation of information systems integration,while it could not support by members being shorting of compensation.Encouragement mechanism for knowledge innovation is the key point in information systems integration.The process of knowledge innovation is divided into knowledge sharing,integrating planning and integrating implementing three phrases.Then,two-phrase rank-order tournaments based on before and later encourage is turned into three phrase based on knowledge sharing,integrating planning and integrating implementing.Encouragement mechanism for knowledge innovation is put forward,which includes encouraging in phrases,different encouragement percent and quantity in different phrases.A case is introduced in addition.


For reproduction, most fish species adopt external fertilization: their spermatozoa are delivered in the external milieu (marine- or freshwater) that represents both a drastic environment and a source of signals that control the motility function. This chapter is an updated overview of the signaling pathways going from external signals such as osmolarity and ionic concentration and their membrane reception to their transduction through the membrane and their final reception at the flagellar axoneme level. Additional factors such as energy management will be addressed as they constitute a limiting factor of the motility period of fish spermatozoa. Modern technologies used nowadays for quantitative description of fish sperm flagella in movement will be briefly described as they are more and more needed for predic-tion of the quality of sperm used for artificial propagation of many fish species used in aquaculture. The chapter will present some applications of these technologies and the information to which they allow access in some aquaculture species.


The purpose of this paper was to develop and validate an enhanced social engineering framework to mitigate against social engineering attacks. The study formulated a theoretical framework which was informed by the strengths and weaknesses of existing social engineering frameworks, the framework was also guided by the Dhillon's balanced control theory. The theoretical framework was validated by experts using the Delphi technique which comprised of three rounds. A sample of 25 experts from three higher education institutions which met the inclusion criteria were selected. The study was guided by the interpretivism philosophy to get a deep understanding of the phenomenon under study. The findings reveal that social engineering awareness, organizational security policy and Internet of Things (IOT) security succor in reducing social engineering attacks. The findings from this study will be utilized by decision makers in higher education sector to come up with engaging social engineering training programs, set up an organizational security policy and preclude IOT attacks to mitigate social engineering attacks in higher education. The study contributes to the field of social engineering with an enhanced social engineering framework that mitigate against social engineering attacks. The study adds to under‐represented social engineering framework in higher education.


In this paper we investigate the role of symmetry in knowledge of the opponent during gameplaying by computers. The games under consideration are board games like Chess: large-scale two-player zero-sum games of perfect information. The solution of such games is easily defined but since these board games are large and complex, it is not feasible to obtain an actual solution. Research in Artificial Intelligence has resulted in efficient heuristic search methods that approximate solutions. The standard search methods assume pure competitive preferences with inherent knowledge symmetry. With the development of Opponent-Model search, a knowledge asymmetry is introduced: only one of the players is assumed to have a precise model of the opponent. We propose to add knowledge symmetry to opponent modelling and allow both players to have a model of each other and commonly know this. This leads to a switch from zero-sum to nonzerosum games. New search methods will have to be defined and investigated. We provide some suggestions for future research.


Apoptosis of cells and their subsequent removal through efferocytosis occurs in nearly all tissues during development, homeostasis, and disease. However, it has been difficult to track cell death and subsequent corpse removal in vivo. We developed a genetically encoded fluorescent reporter, CharON (Caspase and pH Activated Reporter, Fluorescence ON), that could track emerging apoptotic cells and their efferocytic clearance by phagocytes. Using Drosophila expressing CharON, we uncovered multiple qualitative and quantitative features of coordinated clearance of apoptotic corpses during embryonic development. When confronted with high rates of emerging apoptotic corpses, the macrophages displayed heterogeneity in engulfment behaviors, leading to some efferocytic macrophages carrying high corpse burden. Overburdened macrophages were compromised in clearing wound debris. These findings reveal known and unexpected features of apoptosis and macrophage efferocytosis in vivo. Description Monitoring cell death in vivo Programmed cell death and the subsequent clearance (efferocytosis) of the corpses are essential for organismal development and homeostasis. However, uncleared corpses are rarely detected in vivo, even in tissues with high cell turnover. Raymond et al. engineered a genetically encoded dual reporter called CharON to track cell death and efferocytosis in real time within developing fruit fly embryos. CharON revealed previously unrecognized features of macrophage efferocytosis in vivo: rapid clearance with tremendous heterogeneity in corpse burden between macrophages plus a disconnect between ingestion and digestion in macrophages eating multiple corpses successively. These high-burdened macrophages also altered their clearance of dying cells after inflammatory insults. —SMH A genetically encoded fluorescent reporter, CharON, elucidates apoptosis and macrophage efferocytosis during development.


The utility model provides an autonomous walking device, which improves the problem of unavailability of getting away from a specific area when walking to-and-fro in an area where a plurality of obstacles are placed disorderly. The autonomous walking device comprises an obstacle detection unit (2) used for detecting the existence of the obstacle and the distance to the obstacle; a walking unit (7) enabling a device body (1) to move and walk; and a control unit controlling the walking unit to change walking direction according to the information of the obstacle. The control unit (5) has a reciprocating movement mode, which can enable the device to move to-and-fro in the movement area while moving along the direction vertical to the direction of to-and-fro movement. In the reciprocating movement mode, if the autonomous walking device is judged not being able to move due to the obstacles placed in the movement area, the mode is changed into the obstacle evading operation mode, which can get away from the irremovable area, thereby improving the phenomenon that the reciprocating movement is stuck while the reciprocate operation appears, or the stopping can not be operated.


An implementation of the multigrid method on conformal block-structured grids is proposed. The algorithm is intended to solve a boundary-value problem for elliptic PDEs. Each block is discretized using a structured hexahedron grid.The set of multilevel grids are arranged in hierarchical levels. In each block the discrete finite volume scheme is constructed on the fine level grid. The coarse level equations are formed by the Galerkin procedure. The presence of the irregular block connections leads to irregular stencils in the nodes which adjoin of several blocks. Instead of a special irregular node treatment we propose to find the solution in these nodes in additive manner. Such an opportunity is provided by the use of the explicit iterative procedures for both the smoothers and the coarsest grid solver. We also present an adaptive technique which adjusts these procedures for achieving the prescribed multigrid convergence rate. The proposed approach enhances the potential of the multigrid method in ultra-parallel computing.


If the coefficients r(n) satisfy suitable arithmetic conditions the behaviour of F (α) will be determined by an appropriate rational approximation a/q to α, with small values of q usually producing large values of F (α). When α lies in an interval [a/q − δ, a/q + δ] with q small, a 'major arc', one hopes to estimate F (α) asymptotically, while if the corresponding q is large, for the 'minor arcs', one hopes that F (α) will be small, at least on average. One can distinguish two different types of application of the circle method. The first type, following the above pattern, uses one of a variety of mean-value techniques, Hua's inequality for example, to give an upper bound for the minor arc contribution. Results on Waring's problem are generally proved this way, for example. The second type of application, on which we shall be focusing our attention, avoids the minor arcs completely, and treats F (α) asymptotically for all α. Here one cannot take advantage of the mean-value ideas used in the first type of problem. The savings come instead from the availability of good estimates for 'complete' exponential sums. Kloosterman's work [12] on quaternary quadratic forms, and the papers of the author [5] and Hooley [8] and [9] on cubic forms, are of this latter type. We should point out that such applications do not include any problems in which F is the generating function for a polynomial of degree 4 or more. There are


The Capuchin Tertiary Order in the History of Spanish Psychology. The Capuchin Tertiary Order, Amigonianos, is an institution dedicated to the education of youth in Reformatory Schools and Re-education Centers. Its work began in Spain in1889 and very soon started to use scientific Psychology and Psychotechnic methods not only to understand and to solve the problems of its students but, mainly, to reintegrate them as able and useful people to society. In this article we review: the work developed at the Santa Rita School (Madrid) and the Casa Reformatorio El Salvador (Amurrio); the curricula and psicopedagogic instruction at the research centers of the amigoniana institutions; the trips to study at the most developed European psicopedagogic centers of their time; some biographical profiles of outstanding scientific personalities within the amigonianan Order. Finally, we show at the annex a catalogue of devices and instruments that were used at the psychology laboratory of the Casa Reformatorio El Salvador.


B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) is characterizedby the accumulation of a clone of malignant B cells inlymphoid tissues, bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood[1]. B-CLL is defined by the expansion of B cells expressingCD5, CD19 and CD23, as well as low levels of surface immu-noglobulins (IgM, IgD), CD21 and CD22, and CD79b. Closeto 99% of B-CLL lymphocytes in peripheral blood are in theG


Our focus is on the impact that time delayed feedback can have on the stability and performance of a traditional power system model. Stability analysis has played an important role in power system models, however most of the models assume that any feedback is instantaneous. For example, in wide area measurement systems (WAMS) it would be important and realistic to incorporate time delays. Our focus will be on the impact time delayed feedback may have on the stability and performance of the single machine infinite bus (SMIB) power system model. For this model, we construct appropriate stability charts and bifurcation diagrams, which serve to exhibit the impact time delays may have on stability and performance. Our work is step towards a more systematic understanding of delayed feedback in power system models.