The present paper intends to explore the translator's subjectivity from the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics.The author thinks such views of Cognitive Linguistics as the Embodied View of Meaning,the Image Schema View and the Metaphor View provide us with a new vision for translation teaching,which will help us put focus on students-oriented teaching;hence we can stimulate the translator's subjectivity in his translation,and his subjectivity can be fully used.


Psychiatric nursing is a speciality within the nursing profession in which the nurse directs his or her efforts to the early identification of and intervention in emotional problems and work towards the promotion of mental health. In addition, effort is placed on the prevention of mental disturbances, and follow - up care to minimize long - term effects of mental disturbance (Uys and Middleton, 2014:18-20). According to the South African Depression and Anxiety Group (SADAG) (2015), 16.5% of South Africans suffer from common mental disorders like depression and anxiety. Even more concerning is the fact that 17% of children and adolescents suffer from mental disorders. Mental illness adversely affects the person's brain and at times requires long-term treatment. In this study a total of 158 male mental health care nurse practitioners' were questioned and a quantitative non- experimental cross sectional descriptive survey was conducted to describe male mental health care nurse's practitioners' years of experience in psychiatric nursing and the levels of stress of these nurses was identified. The researcher also determined whether there was any relationship between the stress reported and the years of experience amongst male mental health care nursing practitioners in tertiary psychiatric hospitals in Pietermaritzburg.


Abstract: In order to study effect liquid characteristic on nozzle atomization process, this article applied Particle Droplets Image Analysis, high speed camera, and Malvern particle sizer to carry out experiment which focused on how Don-q, Score and the concentration of Breakthru S240 affected spraying sheet and droplet spectrum with conventional fan nozzle ST110-03 and anti-drift nozzle IDK120-03. The concentration of Don-q, Score solution was 0.275 % and 0.1 % respectively and the concentration of Breakthru S240 added into Don-q and Score was 0, 0.01%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.07%, 0.1%. Whole images and Detail image of ST110-03 and IDK120-03 nozzles' spraying sheet were taken at 0.3 MPa to observe its structure and to analyze the influence of type of formulation and adjuvant concentration using high speed camera and PDIA respectively. And VMD was obtained from Malvern particle sizer. The results showed that: when spraying 0.275% Don-q solution without adjuvant, spraying sheets and VMD of ST110-03 had no significant change compared with water; For IDK120-03, the spraying sheet had slight increase and the VMD almost did not change. When spraying 0.1% Score solution without adjuvant, the spraying sheet decreased by 35.2%, 40.5% individually and the VMD increased by 13.5%, 28.9% separately for ST110-03, IDK120-03 nozzle. Meanwhile, the structure of atomization was significantly affected by formulation. For ST110-03 nozzle, the film region was significantly reduced; fragmentation in film region become seriously with increasing holes in spraying film, and the wave formation was disappeared with thinner rim. For IDK120-03 nozzle, the film region was also significantly reduced; fragmentation in film region also become seriously with increasing holes in spraying film, but the hole was smaller than that of water and 0.275% Don-q. Combined with the analysis of surface tension and viscosity, it was found that the surface tension was an important factor affecting length of spraying sheet, structure of film, the droplet size; with the reduce of surface tension, the length decreased and the VMD increased. For the increase of Breakthru S240 concentration, the length of spraying sheet firstly decreased and then increased. It had the minimum when the concentration of adjuvant was 0.01% and the spraying liquid was 0.1% Score; it had another minimum when the concentration of adjuvant was 0.03% for 0.275% Don-q. Meanwhile, the structure of atomization was affected by adjuvant concentration at different levels. For ST110-03, the perforation disintegration was gradually serious, the hole become bigger when spraying score with adjuvant, and there was still no wave formation even if the concentration of adjuvant was 0.1%; the fragmentation in film region become seriously with increasing holes in spraying film, wave formation gradually decreased when spraying don-q with adjuvant. For IDK120-03, the perforation disintegration was gradually serious, the hole become bigger when spraying score with adjuvant; the fragmentation in film region become seriously with increasing holes in spraying film when spraying don-q with adjuvant. Whereas the VMD firstly increased and then decreased, and the VMD had the maximum when adjuvant concentration is 0.03%. Therefore, it was concluded that the trend of droplet change and the difference of spraying sheet length had certain correlation, and the apparent rule was with the increase of spraying sheet, the VMD decreased; with the decrease of spraying sheet, the VMD increased. Coupled with the analysis of surface tension and viscosity, surface tension was gradually decreased, but the spraying fan did not decreased or increased gradually. Maybe other characteristic of liquid combined with surface tension together depended on spraying fan length and change of atomization region in complicated mixture. So it was deduced that surface tension was one of important factors effecting atomization.


Introduction: Kawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystemic vasculitis that has no specific serum marker. The aim of our study is to evaluate whether the serum lipid profile, specifically HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) level, in KD differs from that in other febrile illnesses and if so, it can be used as a diagnostic tool in distinguishing KD from other febrile illnesses. Materials and Methods: We examined prospectively 41 patients with KD (group 1) and 30 patients with febrile illness of viral or bacterial origin (group 2). The patients' demographic and clinical characteristics were analyzed. All blood samples were taken during the disease's acute phase. After fasting for four hours in infants and eight hours in young children, serum total cholesterol, HDL-C,


Over the past decade, feed-in tariffs have been a major instrument of European countries to promote the generation of electricity by means of renewable energy sources. This paper discusses the performance of feed-in tariffs to stimulate renewable electricity in European countries, particularly in Germany, Denmark and Spain. It concludes that a system of premium feedin tariffs has shown to be an effective instrument to promote the generation of renewable electricity, notably to ensure a low-level market take-off of wind power at the national level. In the longer term, however, such a system may become hard to sustain as it may suffer from some major drawbacks, especially when the generation of green electricity accounts for a significant share in total power production. These disadvantages refer particularly to the fact that a system of fixed premium prices tends to be costly, inefficient, distortive of competitive pricing and, hence, incompatible with the creation of a single, liberalised electricity market in Europe.


Tree-child networks are one of the most prominent network classes for modeling evolutionary processes which contain reticulation events. Several recent studies have addressed counting questions for bicombining tree-child networks which are tree-child networks with every reticulation node having exactly two parents. In this paper, we extend these studies to d -combining tree-child networks where every reticulation node has now d ≥ 2 parents. Moreover, we also give results and conjectures on the distributional behavior of the number of reticulation nodes of a network which is drawn uniformly at random from the set of all tree-child networks with the same number of leaves.


The supply and demand of the information and availability of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs online has increased substantially. Customers express three typical online behaviours regarding OTC drugs: browsing information about OTC drugs without any particular purpose, searching for particular information or product, and buying OTC drugs. This study investigates the determinants of online behaviour regarding OTC drugs. The data was acquired using a random sample of Slovenian citizens. Logistic regression method was used to determine which factors influence browsing, searching, and/or buying of OTC drugs online for two age groups: younger and older than 40. The findings suggest that intensity of using the internet use, trust in buying OTC drugs online, as well as education, income and location influence on the online behaviour of customers regarding OTC drugs. It has also been determined that age has a moderating effect, indicating motivation of younger and older customers by different determinants.


Abstract The question of whether person-centered therapists should respond in different ways to different kinds of client problems was a central theme of the PCE 2003 Conference on Client-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapy. It can seem that classical client-centered therapy and the process-experiential approach should take opposite positions in this debate, but I suggest in this paper that both sides can agree on the need for differential response, so long as such response is grounded in the kind of implicit knowledge which is a central theme of Gendlin's focusing-oriented psychotherapy.


The invention relates to a multivariate organic humic acid watering liquid fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The components of the weight percentage of main materials are as follows: 40 to 45 percent of waste mash, 15 to 20 percent of coal powder, 17 to 25 percent sugar mire, 20 to 25 percent of straws or bagasse, 0.5 to 1 per thousand of molasses, 1 to 1.5 per thousand of ferrous sulfate and 1.5 to 3 per thousand of fermentation strain. The materials of the invention mainly come from the wastes of sugar factories, the wastes in the process of agricultural production and the wastes in the process of coal mining. The method is low in production cost and relatively simple in production process and technical equipment, and products are safe and reliable with no residual and no heavy metal beyond standard, so the multivariate organic humic acid watering liquid fertilizer is suitable for developing organic agriculture, ecological agriculture, green agriculture and harmless agriculture, which has significant ecological benefits, economic benefits and social benefits. The multivariate organic humic acid impact liquid fertilizer not only balances agricultural soil flora, flora, nutrition, acid base and ecology but also has good fertilizer effect and good control efficiency to plant diseases and insect pests such as downy mildew, powdery mildew, black spot, leaf blight, mosaic diseases, black shank, aphids, cutworms, soft rot and virus diseases, etc. in the practical application.


We have recently described a direct route for the synthesis of enantiopure piperidinones 1a-e and an investigation of chemistry suitable for manipulation of the ring periphery [1,2]. Of considerable interest are cycloaddition reactions of unsaturated derivatives 2 to give the corresponding highly functionalised piperidinones. Related α,β-unsaturated γ-lactams have begun to attract attention [3], and in particular Diels Alder reactions of α,βunsaturated γ-lactams [4-7] have recently been reported; interestingly, these unsaturated lactams have been found to


Objectives To compare the associations of three SNPs (rs3811021, rs2476601 (1858C/T) and rs2488457 (-1123G/C)) of the PTPN22 gene: in patients with RA and to analyse functional properties of the 18 ...


Based on fishery sciences and professional background of fishery equipment and engineering,proceeding from its national conditions,this report evaluates the type and scale of fishery industry energy consumption and pollution emissions in China as well as its effect on fishery production and social development.Surrounding the national emissions reduction strategy,technical measures and research emphasis as well as the construction of stable scientific research mechanism are presented to provide references for the decision-making of fishery industry administration.


Based on light source,the number of components,parts materials and assembly weight of front fog lamp in the automobile,the paper analyzed the theoretical feasibility and practical application of PSX24W bulb as the light source.PSX24W bulb as the light source in front fog lamp achieved the purpose of emissions reduction,energy saving and lower cost by reducing the parts quantity and lamp weight and reducing the lamp power.


Two-dimensional (2-D) maximally flat finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters have flat characteristics in both passband and stopband. 2-D maximally flat diamond-shaped half-band FIR digital filter can be designed very efficiently as a special case of 2-D half-band FIRfilters. In some cases, this filter would require the reduction of the filter lengths for one of the axes while keeping the other axis unchanged. However, the conventional methods can realize such filters only if difference between each order is 2, 4 and 6. In this paper, we propose a closed-form frequency response of 2-D low-pass maximally flat diamond-shaped half-band FIR digital filters with arbitrary filter orders. The constraints to treat arbitrary filter orders are firstly proposed. Then, a closed-form transfer function is achieved by using Bernstein polynomial. key words: 2-D diamond-shaped filter, maximally flat, half-band filter, arbitrary different filter orders, closed-form expression


This study examines how the revised College English Test Band 4 (CET-4) influenced Chinese non-English major undergraduates' out-of-class English learning practices over time, by following two informants in one university from the day they began their college English learning to the day they knew their results in the target examination. In total, 96 diary entries and 20 post-diary interview recordings were collected in the study. The data analysis shows that the washback effects from the CET-4 on the two informants' out-of-class English learning practices seemed to vary across time, and tended to increase as the target examination approached. Furthermore, such dynamic washback effects appeared to be mediated by the two informants' possible selves concerning the CET-4. The study identified the dynamic nature of washback on individual learners and interpreted the underlying mechanism by gaining insights from possible selftheories.


In this article we detail a research study using the Instructional Quality Assessment (IQA) Rubrics () as the frame for a professional development with mathematics teachers in grades 3-8. We wanted to create a professional development around a tool that was typically used in research as a way to observe teachers, as a tool to use with teachers on their reflection of instruction. In this study we share both the researchers' and teachers' perspectives of affordances and constraints of the professional development and observational rubrics.


In the present study primitive oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida: Macropylina) collected from the province of Sakarya were examined. Redescription and SEM images of two species Poecilochthonius italicus (Berlese, 1910) (Acari: Oribatida: Brachychthoniidae) and Hypochthonius luteus Oudemans, 1937 (Acari: Oribatida: Hypochthoniidae Berlese, 1910) were given. While H. luteus was previously known from Turkey, P. italicus (Berlese, 1910) and thereby family Brachychthoniidae Thor, 1934 are recorded for the first time in Turkey.


This paper presents our recent understanding of metal/graphene contact in terms of intrinsic interface obtained from the comparison between resist-free and conventional EB processes, and discusses future challenges to reduce the contact resistivity.


A micro-modification of the MLC technique is described, using 5 × 104 responding cells per single culture in round bottomed microtiter plates. Over a wide range, there is a linear relation between the number of cells grown per well and the obtained response; and with the number of responding cells chosen, there is a linearity between log dose stimulating cells and response in linear scale. The system normally allows log phase growth (or near to this) for 120 h.

The system has primarily been designed for large scale population genetic investigations using X-rayed stimulator cells stored frozen in the irradiated state. It suits this purpose well, and is comparable with other systems in discrimination between zero, one and two haplotype differences in families. The more refined discriminative power between low and no stimulation remains to be evaluated.


Grid computing has been identified as an instrument to fulfil high computational demand, a promising approach for higher resource utilization, and an instrument for cost reduction. The full potential of cost savings can be tapped when incentives are set such that demand is shifted to periods or hardware with lower demand, thereby flattening the demand. To set such incentives, it is mandatory to know the preferences of the Grid resource consumers. We propose the application of the ADBUDG-function to estimate the willingness-to-pay function of prospective resource consumers and K-means clustering to determine optimal tariffs based on this information. We demonstrate the application of this approach in the financial service industry at a large European bank that is planning to move from dedicated servers for single business units to an enterprise Grid. Based on a sample of 21 project leaders and business unit heads with their own budget responsibility, we show how optimal price tariffs can be determined using our proposed approach. Based on the selfreported preferences, we determine tariffs that allow an additional cost savings of 7% or an increase in utility by at least 6% and 9%, on average.


Abstract Compounds in the Sr 1− x Ba x ZrSe 3 series, where 0≤ x ≤0.68, were prepared from SrSe, BaSe, Zr, and Se in evacuated and sealed silica ampules, at temperatures between 900 and 950°C. An amorphous Zr–Se phase is competitively formed in the reaction thus synthesis mixtures require 20 and 40% mole excess of Zr and Se, respectively. The Sr 1− x Ba x ZrSe 3 compounds adopt the NH 4 CdCl 3 structure type, containing columns of double edge-sharing ZrSe 6 octahedra linked by distorted (Sr, Ba)Se 9 tricapped trigonal prisms. For 0.68 x 3 - and NH 4 CdCl 3 -type compounds are obtained. The x ≈1.0 phase is a commensurate mismatched chain compound of formula Ba 1.07 ZrSr 3 . The (Sr, Ba)Se 9 tricapped prisms show a marked decrease in bond distance anisotropy as the Ba 2+ concentration increases in the Sr 1− x Ba x ZrSe 3 series. The structure of SrZrSe 3 was determined from Rietveld profile analysis of the powder X-ray diffraction data whereas Sr 0.74 Ba 0.26 ZrSe 3 and Sr 0.32 Ba 0.68 ZrSe 3 were structurally characterized from single crystal X-ray studies. Crystallographic data for: (293 K)—orthorhombic, space group Pnma , a =8.915(1), b =3.965(1), and c =14.514(2) A, V =513.1(1) A 3 , Z =4, R =5.39%, and R wp = 6.55%; Sr 0.74 Ba 0.26 ZrSe 3 (293 K)—orthorhombic, space group Pnma , a =8.9305(2), b =3.9796(13), and c =14.611(2) A, V =519.3(2) A 3 , Z =4, R ( F 0 )=3.04%, wR ( F 2 0 )=5.95%; Sr 0.32 Ba 0.68 ZrSe 3 (293 K)—orthorhombic, space group Pnma , a =8.9741(11), b =4.0065(4), and c =14.7868(12) A, V = 531.66(9) A 3 , Z =4, R ( F 0 )=4.12%, wR ( F 2 0 )=9.94%.


Life is beautiful (La vita e bella in Italian) is a 1997 film, written, directed and starring Roberto Benigni. Benigni plays Guido Orefice, an Italian Jew who owns a bookstore, who must use his fertile imagination to protect his young son from the horrors of a Nazi concentration camp.


Abstract. A linear model for the errors of the 'spleen colony' assay for haemopoietic stem cells has been derived. the components emerging from the model are interpreted and practical recommendations given for interpreting measurements made with this assay. the model permits correction for the effect of overlapping colonies and gives average errors for single measurements of the number of CFU‐s. More reliable and more precise information can be obtained using this model.


In recent years there has been a great change in the view of the evaluation of langua - ges. Faced with the negative reaction that the term "review" traditionally used to provoke the stu - dents, we are today with a very different situation in the field of language learning. In focus, assessing the student's language skills can have a positive influence on their learning pro - cess, and thus perceive both teachers and students themselves. The experiment carried out at the University of Wenzao in Taiwan with Spanish students taking the test BULATS, it shows us how and why language learners perceive the evaluation as a way to guide and stimulate progress in the study language. If the test does provide an objective representation of the level of students' ability to use the language in real life situations, such information may be used by the teacher and the students themselves to improve the process of learning the language. The impact of the information provided by the test results even goes further and affects both the decisions of school as those responsible for education policy and society in general.


Materials and Methods Step 1. Melt block in paraffin bath at 60°C until conpletely melted. Step 2. While specimen is still hot, press tissues evenly and firmly between several layers of paper towels (to leach out oils) for approximately 1-2 min. Step 3. Gently peel tissue from paper towel and immerse tissue in a paraffin bath for 10 min. Step 4. Re-embed block and cut on microtome at desired thickness.


Aims:
To study the levels of serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, LDL (Low density lipoprotein), VLDL (Very low density
lipoprotein) and HDL (High density lipoprotein) in nephrotic syndrome at the onset and during remission in first episode
and relapse cases.
Materials and Methods:
A prospective study which included 50 children with steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome, aged between 2-12 years. Out of
which 35 children were presented as first episode, and 15 children as relapse cases. They were clinically examined and lipid
profile was done at the onset and during remission. 30 age matched controls without liver and kidney disorders were taken
as controls.
Results:
There was significant (p <0.005) increase in mean serum cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL and VLDL. However, there was
no significant (p = 0.234) change in HDL cholesterol when compared to controls. In first episode of nephrotic syndrome
cases lipid levels (serum cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL) were decreased significantly during remission, whereas in
relapse cases lipid levels were significantly higher even during remission. There was an inverse correlation between
albumin and cholesterol. The correlation was statistically highly significant (p = 0.000).
Conclusion:
The present study shows that in nephrotic syndrome, there is generalized hyperlipidemia. This was significantly higher in
relapse cases compared to first episode. Lipid profiles reaches normal during remission in first episode, whereas in relapse
cases it was significantly higher even during remission. Hence there is a rationale for treatment.


Many studies of chaos involve using simplified equations with little relation to a real system. Lorenz proposed a real system that demonstrates chaotic behavior - the classic Lorenz water wheel. This wheel, a mechanical analog to fluid heating in a box, consists of a number of buckets on the outside of a spoked wheel which rotates in a vertical plane. A filling source at the top of the wheel fills buckets as they pass under it. The filled buckets cause rotational dynamics, which at times exhibit a chaotic behavior. The requisite equations for a four-bucket wheel (sixth-order nonlinear model) are developed and implementation considerations enumerated. Some typical responses are presented.


The recent detection of plumes of seasonal methane venting into the Martian atmosphere indicates the likely presence of a significant subjacent gas resource. The venting of methane requires a deep, long-term source that, whether originating from biogenic or abiogenic processes, appears to require the existence of an aqueous environment at depth. This methane may reside within and beneath the Martian cryosphere as natural gas hydrate within the hydrate stability zone. Shallower deposits may be easily accessible from the surface. An accessible natural gas hydrate resource wo uld provide the basis for the production of high density liquid fuels and serve as a chemical industry feedstock for constructing facilities and products from local Martian resources. A resource-rich Mars, based on indigenous methane hydrate, water, CO2, and minable minerals, wo uld make Mars and its moons an ideal base for the exploration of the outer solar system.


Fractal dimension is often used as a measure of how fast length, area, or volume increases or decreases with increase or decrease in scale, or as a measure of complexity of a system. In this paper, input depends only on the Geo-referenced point data where the point event has occurred. An Extended Triangularisation Algorithm is developed to cover the area of point data as a polygon and its perimeter is calculated. Box Counting Algorithm is applied on those point data to calculate the Fractal values, which in turn work as an input to Prediction Plot Linear Model, to show that fractal value increases or decreases as perimeter of Polygon increases or decreases. To validate this model, Crime data was used and its results were analyzed. It provides information to police officials about the intensity of crime, area of patrolling and deputation of police in the sensitivity area. This model could be applied for any Geo-referenced point data such as cancer data, hypertension data and so on.


This paper explores the value relevance of capitalized RD expenditures,and makes empirical comparison with the value relevance of intangible assets and other net assets.The main conclusions of this article are the following three aspects: First,capitalized development expenditures of China's listed companies have statistically significant explanatory power for value;Second,the capitalized development expenditures have statistically significant explanatory power for value over intangible or other net assets;Third,based on the model specification that mitigates the scale effects,the empirical results show that the ratio of the capitalized development expenditures to price also can explain for the value growth,and the related empirical results remain the same when some controlling variables enter into above regression.


Inappropriate data analysis is a source of measurement error in clinical studies [1]. Descriptive methods (graphs, summary statistics and relational plots) are used to assess variable distributions, identify possible outliers and reveal the form of the relationship of interest. For example, in a study of hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease, researchers are interested in the sample mean and standard deviation (SD) of both parathyroid hormone and kidney function levels, and in the form of their possible relationship (i.e. whether it is present across all variable levels and whether it can be described by a line, a curve, etc.). The next step is to extend the conclusions beyond the immediate sample (inference) and estimate, for example, the amount of parathyroid hormone increase as kidney function declines. Statistical models are used to test whether an input–output relationship is supported by observed data and assess its direction and strength [1,2]. Most researchers and consumers of clinical research are familiar with the preliminary steps of data analysis. However, there is a growing interest in filling the gap between elementary notions and more advanced knowledge. The present paper provides introductory notes on general principles of statistical modelling, including how regression methods are chosen and used to address epidemiological phenomena such as confounding and interaction.


I actively avoid going to my GP. One who 'should know better', over the years I have developed an increasing aversion to visiting the hard-working souls charged with my primary care. At the heart of this, I think, is the feeling that my subjectivity is now redundant and disregarded.

I go to the GP with a small number of problems, important to me, but apparently insignificant to them. Instead of attending to my concerns, the GP, gazing first at a computer screen, and then, driven perhaps by prompts and advice from government and other health bodies, takes my blood pressure and interrogates me on my lifestyle before giving me unsought advice about living a healthier life (as if I didn't know that I could do that, and were not ashamed of the …


Based on an ethnographic investigation carried out in Istanbul, this contribution analyses the annual commemoration for the Turkish-Armenian journalist Hrant Dink, who was killed in 2007. It sheds ...


In this contribution the added value of the Charter in the area of social security is examined. It is concluded that Article 34 of the Charter has not created fundamental rights that can be invoked in order to improve the legal position of claimants of social security or of social assistance. This conclusion is no surprise, given the express provisions limiting the interpretation of the Charter. Instead, it is interesting to note that the Charter has, in particular, added value where the scope for interpretation has not been explicitly limited, that is where provisions are applied that are not implemented by the instrument that is disputed in a particular situation. A second added value is the doctrine of horizontal effect, which means that in some cases provisions of Directives can also be invoked in horizontal situations. This is of relevance, particularly in non-statutory social security cases. Also, the Court of Justice itself seems to have had its difficulties in applying the Charter. It is difficult to understand the consistency of the Dano and CG judgments, where in the Dano the Court claimed not to have jurisdiction to interpret the non-specific provisions in the case, yet in CG, it did so without having even been asked. In this contribution it is undertaken to analyse these judgments with a view to better understanding the added value of the Charter.


Ordered two-dimension macroporous gold array(MGA) was prepared for application in spectroelectrochemistry by electrochemical depositing method with colloid crystal as template.It was mounted to optical transparent thin-layer electrode using to measure Eo′ and n of o-tolidine.AFM and SEM were used to characterize the monolayer gold void.The absorption spectra of macroporous gold array were measured.Results show that gold hole is just about half-sphere shape and arranged to closed-hexagonal array when electrodepositing at-0.8 V for 300 s,and the transmission of MGA was about 20%.Eo′ was measured to be 0.660 V by thin-layer cyclic Voltammetry.The change of absorbance in thin layer was monitored at different potentials according to which Eo′ and n o-tolidine redox system were calculated to be 0.659 V and 1.7 in spectroelectrochemistry.The results were agreed with literature,which showed electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical properties of MGA were good


Innovation is needed for creative businesses, especially crafts. Innovative behavior is closely related to innovation. This study aims to analyze the influence of knowledge sharing on the innovative behavior of weaving crafters and how the effect of self-efficacy on the innovative behavior of weaving crafters. The study was conducted on 50 weaving craftsmen in Sambas Regency, Kalimantan Barat Province. The conclusion of descriptive statistical analysis is the innovative behavior of weaving crafters in the very high category, knowledge sharing behavior in high category, and self efficacy in the very high category. Hypothesis testing is done by multiple regression analysis, with SPSS 20.0 software. The results of this study concluded that there was no significant influence of knowledge sharing behavior on the innovative behavior of weaving crafters, and there was a significant effect of self-efficacy on the innovative behavior of weaving crafters.


Rice blast is the most serious fungal diseases in rice production,which seriously affects the yield of rice. With the continuous development of DNA molecular markers and the completion of rice genome sequencing,mapping and cloning of the rice blast resistance genes made breakthrough progress,which establishes the foundation for the resistance mechanism study and resistant varieties breeding. This paper summarizes the advances in study on mapping and cloning for rice blast disease resistance genes,and the prospect of application of resistance genes is prospected.


Aim at developing power generation technology using the waste heat of the cell sidewall, a heat recycle installation was designed and used for recycling heat of the sidewall of a 400kA aluminum reduction cell. A 3D slice finite element model of aluminum reduction cell was established by using ANSYS finite element analysis software, and the coupled thermo-electric simulation for a 400kA cell was analyzed under installing the exchanger or not. The simulation results show the average temperature of main heat dissipation area of the cell is significantly decreased after installing the exchanger, and the thickness of freeze would also increase 1.7cm, which benefits in decreasing the heat dissipation and protecting the lining of the cell.


Relativistic backward wave oscillator (RBWO) is the suitable source for generating high power electromagnetic wave (HPEM). The RBWO has a high efficiency by means of the interaction region between a backward wave and an electron beam. However, the pulse shortening problem occurs frequently in experiments of RBWO because of the RF breakdown on rippled slow wave structure. Experimental study is done 500 MW RBWO in progress.


Objective To observe the clinical effect of radiofrequency catheter ablation of idopathic ventricular taehycardia(IVT).Methods According to 12 leads exterior ECG during IVT to locate the originated site,after interior electrophysiology, looking for the condition to stablize IVT. To apply activation mapping combined with pace mapping to symbolize the target,to seek p potential of IVT originnated from left ventricular Septum,then symbolizing the target and ablation. Results 11 show RBBB with axis deviation left or severly right ,target are in mid or inferior part of left ventricular septum. 10 have p potentials. 7 show LBBB with no axis deviation or deviation right ,target are in the right ventricular flow. 1 shows LBBB with axis deviation left, originated from right ventricular flow. 1 IVT originnated spontaneously from septum and freewall of right ventricular flow. 1ILVT combined with atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia was ablated dual atrioventricular pathys first, then ablated IVI.T. 1 IRVT was't succesful right now, IVT disappeared 3 weeks later. The suecesful cases have no clinical symtoms and complications, All cases survived during follow--up periods. Conclusions Radiofrequency catheter ablation is an effective technique in the treatment of idiopa: hic ventricular tachycardia with high successful rate and low occurrence of comlication, it can be selected as the first line treatment in patients with idiopathic ventricular tachycardia.


This thesis is focused in modelling of power system components and their representation in simulations of power systems. The thesis compares different linearization techniques. These techniques are both numerical as well as analytical and are utilized when linearization of a dynamic system is desired. After a linearization it is possible to calculate the eigenvalues of the linearized system as well as to perform other applicable activities on a linear system. In the thesis it is shown how the linearization techniques influence the calculation of eigenvalues of the linear system. In the thesis bandwidth-reduced linear models of a power system component are developed using two techniques. The simulations with the linear models are done with an introduced interface system. The studied power system component is a Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). One advantage with using a linear representation of a power system component is that it simplifies the simulations. The size of the complexity of a simulation when solving the equations decreases and the consumed physical time to simulate becomes shorter. A disadvantage of a linear model is that its validity might be limited. The need of building linear models of power systems will continue to attract interest in the future. With the horizon of today (year 2006) there is a need of among other models to build linear models of detailed models of High Voltage Direct Current-links (HVDC-links), Static Var Compensators (SVCs), as well as Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSCs). How should these be represented when we want to study the dynamics of a whole power system and it is necessary to reduce their complexity? This question rises when we want to perform time-domain simulations with a not too detailed level of complexity of each individual power system component or if we want to linearize the power system and study it within small-signal stability analysis.


Particle damping is a technique of providing damping with granular particles embedded within small holes in a vibrating structure. The particles absorb kinetic energy through particle-to-wall and particle-to-particle frictional collisions. While the concept of particle damping seems to be simple and it has been used successfully in many fields for vibration reduction, it is difficult to predict the damping characteristics due to complex collisions in the dense particle flow. In this paper, we utilize the 3D discrete element method (DEM) for computer simulation and characterization of particle damping. With the DEM modeling tool validated with experimental results, it is shown that the particle damping can achieve a very high value of specific damping capacity. Furthermore, simulations provide information of particle motions within the container hole during three different regions and help explain their associated damping characteristics. The particle damping is a combination of the impact and the friction damping. The damping is found to be highly nonlinear as the rate of energy dissipation depends on amplitude. Particularly, the damping effect results in a linear decay in amplitude over a finite period of time. These characteristics are examined with respect to a simple single-mass impact damper and a dry-friction damper. It is concluded that the particle damping is a mix of these two damping mechanisms. It is further shown that the relative significance of these damping mechanisms depends on a particular arrangement of the damper. This study represents an effort towards a deeper understanding of particle damping to provide a comprehensive methodology for its analysis and design.


The article discusses the features of the choice of information security tools for state information systems. The main types of SPI, which were used on the territory of Russia before, as well as the means used now, are considered. The results of work, carried out by the FSTEC and FSB of Russia, on the introduction of the classification of SPI and measures taken by the GIS operator are presented. Tendencies of development and creation of new means of information protection are defined.


THE interest of the two following cases is derived from the rapidity with which the morbid process in the kidneys ran into the stage of fatty degeneration. The form of the disease in the first case, in which a post mortem examination revealed its nature, and, doubtless, also in the second, was that which most frequently presents itself, termed by Dr. Johnson the granular fat kidney; a disease in which the fat is


The compound nucleus produced in the reaction 9Be(p, a)6Li in the incident energy range Ep = 18.6 \sim 50 MeV is mainly occurred when its excitation energy is greater than the a -particle threshold separation energy by about 20 MeV, strongly suggesting the reaction mechanism is a direct one-step process. To understand this phenomenon, we employ semi-microscopic zero-range distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA) theory to analyse experimental data obtained in this energy range for the lower three 6Li-states: ground state (1+; 0); 2.186 MeV (3+; 0); and 3.563 MeV (0+; 1). The Kurath-Millener spectroscopic-factor amplitudes for the triton-cluster transfer are used in the analysis. Both the experimental angular distributions and the absolute values of the differential cross-sections are found to have good correlation with corresponding theoretical predictions. Good coincidence is obtained between the theoretically predicted spectroscopic factors SJT (p, a) and both experimental and theoretical integrated cross-sections (0°--90°) for Ep = 22.5, 31 and 45 MeV. Further, the experimental integrated cross-sections for the investigated 6Li-states agree well with the corresponding theoretical values at Ep \ge 22.5 MeV. In addition, a suitable coincidence is obtained between the calculated and the experimental excitation energies. The agreement between experimental and theoretical data of this reaction can be attributed to the use of the Cohen-Kurath wave functions and the model of calculations. The present study shows that, the incident energy at which the reactions begin to proceed via the direct-component mechanism (i.e., the critical incident energy) varies from state to another.


We employ continuum principles combined with van der Waals theory to estimate the thermal contact resistance between nanowires and planar substrates. This resistance is modeled using elastic deformation theory and thermal resistance relations. The contact force between a nanowire and substrate is obtained through a calculation of the van der Walls interaction energy between the two. The model estimates numerical values of constriction and gap resistances for several nanowire-substrate combinations with water and air as the surrounding media


The structural basis for sex differences in femoral neck (FN) fragility was studied in 1196 subjects and 307 patients with hip fracture. The absolute and relative patterns of modeling and remodeling on the periosteal and endocortical envelopes during growth and aging produce changes in FN geometry and structure that results in FN fragility in both sexes and sexual dimorphism in hip fracture risk in old age.


In this study, a thorough review of advancement in chicken slaughterhouse wastewater (CSWW) characteristics, current treatment and future challenges were presented. The data of CSWW characteristics and discharge limits were collected, in particular in Thailand, as well as in several other neighboring countries and the world's leading chicken meat producing countries. The data clearly showed that the CSWW typically contained high concentrations of organic matter in the forms of Biochemical Oxygen Demand and Chemical Oxygen Demand, suspended solids, oil and grease, and nitrogen in the form of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen. For example, in Thailand the concentrations of mentioned parameters were ranged from 490-1200 mg/L, 890-1900 mg/L, 415-700 mg/L, 80-190 mg/L and 73-240 mg/L, respectively. In the treatment of CSWW, biological wastewater treatment was commonly applied for the removal of organic matter and nutrients. An overview of the typical CSWW treatment systems was also discussed. Moreover, this review also provided a better understanding of the future challenges of CSWW management that aimed at both high treatment efficiency and potential resource recovery.


Paracoccidioidomycosis has a limited geographic distribution in Latin America, from southern Mexico at 23° N to 34.5° S in Argentina and Uruguay.' A few cases have been reported in the Caribbean Islands^-^ and, to date, there have not been indigenous cases in Nicaragua, Surinam, Guiana, and Chile.'' The disease is most frequent in Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela, and Argentina. All cases observed outside these areas corresponded to patients who had lived in the endemic regions.'"'' The endemic areas of paracoccidioidomycosis have a humid subtropical climate with rivers and gallery woods (woods along the river's bank). The mycosis has not been observed in semiarid steppes, and there is a low rate of the progressive forms in equatorial forests with a mean annual tetnperature above 25°C. The rate of positive paracoccidioidin reactors is high in these regions and many cases of the disease have been reported in agricultural settlements, especially those established for coffee crops. The rate of positive paracoccidioidin reactors is lower in populations sharing the same ecosystem but who do not work with coffee crops.** Paracoccidioidomycosis is found between sea level and 2000 m altitude in regions of intense agricultural activity .''•̂ The prevaletice of paracoccidioidomycosis is not well known; although the exact number of cases is unknown, at least 250 new cases are estimated to occur annually.'' The progressive forms of the disease are generally observed in the 30-60 year age group with over 90% of the cases occurring in men.'°


Introduction Autoimmunity mechanisms involve many cells that produce inflammatory cytokines which damage different organs, like the brain. There is a relationship between neuropsychiatric diseases, such as psychosis, and autoimmune diseases. In this article we try to demonstrate that treating autoimmune diseases appropriately improves clinical evolution of patients with a first psychotic episode. Objectives The purpose of this article is to emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to a first psychotic episode. It is very important to perform autoimmunity tests to rule out secondary psychoses, even more so if the patient does not respond correctly to treatment with antipsychotics, to improve his/her prognosis and quality of life. Methods We performed a literature search of PubMed database using the following MeSH terms: "Autoimmune Diseases" and "Psychotic Disorders". 134 studies were published between 2017-2022. We selected the original papers that analyzed the association between autoimmune diseases and first psychotic episodes. Finally, 18 were selected. Results In secondary psychoses, early diagnosis and treatment of the underlying pathology can lead to rapid improvement. Conclusions A multidisciplinary approach is necessary from the first moment that a FPE is diagnosed, even more so in middle-aged women. Disclosure of Interest None Declared


A new algorithm for identifying and characterizing vortices in complex flows is presented. The scheme uses both the vorticity and pressure fields. A skeleton line along the center of a vortex is produced by a two-step predictor-corrector scheme. The technique uses the vector field to move in the direction of the skeleton line and the scalar field to correct the location in the plane perpendicular to the skeleton line. A general vortex cross section can be concisely defined with five parameters at each point along the skeleton line. The details of the method and examples of its use are discussed. * This author was supported by the Theoretical Flow Physics Branch at NASA Langley Research Center under contract NAS t19299. ** This author was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under NASA contract No.NASI-19480 while the author was in residence at the Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE), NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA 23681.


Background and Objective: Post-operative nausea vomiting (PONV) and laryngospasm are the most common of complication following surgery. This study was conducted to compare the incidence of laryngospasm and PONV after pediatric infra umbilical surgery using two anesthetic methods: control ventilation and spontaneous respiration. Materials and Methods: This double -blind clinical trial study was conducted on 192 children with 2-7 year-old undergoing infra-umbilical surgery of ASA-I class with the estimated operation period of an hour in Tehran pediatric hospital, Tehran-Iran during 2009-10. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: controlled ventilation and spontaneous respiration. After anesthe tization, Atracurium was injected to the control ventilation (CV) group and anesthesia continued with mechanical ventilation. For the patients of the second group (spontaneous respiration/SR), after the gradual increase of the dose of halothane and certainty of the optimal depth of anesthesia, patients were intubated to allow spontaneous respiration. After intubation, all patients were anesthetized with Halothane 1 -2% and the N 2 O/O 2 . The rate of nausea, vomiting, laryngospasm, excessive post -operative discharge was recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS-13, student ' s t-test, chi-square and Fisher ' s exact tests. Results: Post-operative nausea was non significantly higher in CV group (8%) than SR (6.52%). The rate of vomiting was higher in CV (16%) as compare d to SR group (2.17%). (P <0.001, RR=8.57, CI: 1.91-38.41). The rate of laryngospasm at the end of the surgery was higher in CV group (15.21%) as compared to SR group (26%) (P <0.02, RR= 0.94, CI: 0.05-1.77). The rate of excessive discharge at the end of the surgery was significantly higher in CV group (52%) in comparison with SR group (11.95%) (P <0.001, RR=0.94, CI: 0.05-1.77). Conclusion: This study showed that in infra -umbilical surgeries in a period of less than an hour the incidence of post -operative vom iting and laryngospasm is higher in control ventilation group than spontaneous respiration group, which might be due to the injection of neostigmine to counter-act the effects of muscle relaxants.


Of the 22 (+1) recorded species of chitons living in the Red Sea, 13 species are known to have been found in Jordan. During our two field trips to Jordan (1997-1999) we were able to collect and determine 12 species. A single specimen belonging to the subgenus Parachiton Thiele, 1909 could not be identified as belonging to any known species, except that it showed close resemblance to Leptochiton (Parachiton) sp. (1 tail valve) mentioned by Hermann L. Strack (1993), and is hereby described as Leptochiton (Parachiton) jordanensis sp. nov. Several specimens of Tonicia (Lucilina) perligera (Thiele, 1909), which was known only from a few complete specimens and some loose valves, were collected. This confirms the reports of H. Strack and adds some additional information about this very rare species. The unusual finding of 5 abnormal specimens of Tonicia (Lucilina) sueziensis (Reeve, 1847) with 7 plates is reported and illustrated for the first time. Furthermore, a single juvenile specimen of Acanthochitona cf. mahensis Winckworth, 1927 was collected. As this species was hitherto only known to occur in the Indian Ocean, this record may mean a considerable range extension of this species and bring the number of Red Sea species to 24. Further records are nevertheless needed to confirm the presence of this species in the Red Sea. This paper is mainly based on material collected during field work and is a contribution to a better understanding and deter- mination of intertidal chitons of the Red Sea. As most species are already adequately described in the literature, the descriptions in this paper are brief, though supplemented with personal notes and observations. This contribution concludes with a key for the chitons of the Gulf of Aqaba based on external features.


Bentley, C. R ., K. Gjezek, D. D. Blankenship, j. S. L ovell and D. G. Albert. 1979. Geophysica l investigation of the Dome C area. Anlarcl. J u.s., 14(5), 98100. Bogorodsky, V. v. , G R. Bentley and PE. Gudmandsen. 1985. RadiogLaciolOg). D ordrecht, etc., D. Reidel Publishing Co. Brisset, L. and F. Remy. 1996. Antarctic topography a nd kilometre-sca le roughness der ived from ERS-l altimetry. Ann. Glacial., 23,374-381. Cefalo, R. , G. Manzoni a nd I. E. Tabacco. 1994. Elaborazioni dei rilievi cinem atici Gl'S a Dome C e dell a trave rsa da Dome C a Dumont d'UrviIl e. In WorkshojJ PNRA, 2021 June 1994, Rome. Rome, l'rogeno Nazionale di Ricerche Antartide, 35-42. Cefalo, R. , r. E. Tabacco and G. Manzon i. 1996. Processing if kinemalic GPS lrajeelorirs al Dome C ( Antarctiea) and a/timetl)' inlerprelalions. Bologna, Distan Ed. Nautilus. (Reports on Surveying a nd Geodesy.) Drewry, D.j. , ed .. 1983. Antarctica: glaciologiwl and geojJhpical Jol1:o. Ca mbridge, University of Ca mbridge. Scott Polar R esearch Institute. Hempel, L. and F. Thyssen. 1993. Deep radio echo soundings in the vici nit y of GRIP and GISP2 drill sites, Greenland. Polarfonchung, 62 (1), 1992, 11 16. Hodgc, S. M., D. L. Wright, j. A. Brad ley, R. W. jacobel, N. Skou and B. Vaughn. 1990. Determina ti on of the su rface a nd bed topography in centra l Greenland.]. Glaciol., 36(122), 1730. j acobe l. R. W. and S. M. Hodge. 1995. Radar interna l layers fro m the Greenland summit. Geophys. Res. LeLL., 22 (5), 587590. j ouzel, j. , G. Orombclli and C. Lorius. 1996. European Project for Coring in Antarc ti ca (EPICA). Terra Anlarliea, 3 (1), 49-54. Paterson, W. S. B. 1981. The physics if glaciers. Second edilion. O xford, etc., Pergamon Press. Robin, G. de Q 1975. Velocity of radio waves in ice by means of a bore-hol e interferometric technique. J Glaciol., 15(73), 151159. Siegert, l'vl.j. , JA. Dowdeswel l, M. R. Corman a nd N. F.lVlclntyre. 1996. An inventory of Antarctic sub-glacial lakes. Anlarct. Sci., 8(3), 281286. Vi ncen t, C. 1994. Projerl Concordia,glaciology al Damr c. Geodetif measurements al Dome Concord;a. Grenoble, Laboratoirc de Glac iologie c l Gcophysiquc de l'Environnemenl. (Technica l Reporl.) Zagorodnov: Correspondence


This paper investigates the effect and propagation of transient faults on JOP (Java Optimized Processor). JOP processor is intended for applications of embedded real-time systems and the primary implementation technology is in an FPGA. The investigation is based on 4350 transient faults which are injected in the processor using simulation-based fault injection method. The effect and propagation of the faults on different parts of this processor are observed and evaluated. Based on the experimental results, bytecode cache and bytecode memory are two sensible parts in the processor, since about 100 percent of injected faults have affected them. The results show that between 81% and 85% of injected faults cause processor failure and between 12% and 14% of non-failing faults are overwritten.


Abstract This paper argues that the current debate surrounding new methods of charging for water from the year 2000 should incorporate issues of social equity and must consequently involve not just the water industry but also central government and the Department of Social Security in particular. The water industry in England and Wales is currently fragmented into almost 30 separate companies, each with its own costs and prices for water services. Average water bills for domestic customers vary with company area but this variation is not wholly matched by patterns in the extent of use of the DSS direct payment scheme. In some areas people dependent for their income on means‐tested social assistance benefits can face high water bills yet lack access to budgeting schemes to help with payment.


An essential part of Integrated Safety Management is the identification of hazards in the workplace and the assessment of possible consequences of accidents involving those hazards. The process of hazard classification suggested by the DOE orders on Safety Analysis is the formalization of this identification and assessment for hazards that might cause harm to the public or workers external to the operation. Possible injury to workers in the facility who are exposed to the hazard is not considered in the designation of the hazard classification for facilities at LLNL, although worker safety is discussed in facility Safety Basis documentation.


Recombinant Mekl and Raf-1 proteins produced in Sf9 cells undergo a tight association both in vivo and in vitro, which apparently does not depend on additional factors or the kinase activity of Mekl or Raf-1. The complex can be disrupted by two polyclonal antibodies raised against Raf-1 peptides. Coinfection with Raf-1 activates Mekl >150-fold, and coinfection with Raf-1 and Mekl activates Erkl '90-fold. The activation of Mekl by Raf-1 involves only serine phosphorylation, which is directly proportional to the extent of Mekl activation. Phosphopeptide maps suggest a single Raf-1 phosphorylation site on Mekl. A variety of mitogenic signals, including phorbol ester, insulin, epidermal growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and nerve growth factor, activate a family of serine/ threonine kinases named MAP (mitogen-activated protein)/ MBP (myelin basic protein) kinases or Erks (extracellular signal-regulated kinases). Erks are believed to play important roles in transducing extracellular signals from receptor tyrosine kinases to downstream serine/threonine kinases (1-4). Activation of Erkl involves sequential phosphorylation of its Tyr-185 and Thr-183 residues (5-7). The upstream activator responsible for these phosphorylation events, the dualspecificity kinase Mekl (MAP kinase/Erk kinase; also called MAP kinase kinase), has been purified and cloned from mouse (8), rat (9), human (10), Xenopus (11), and Drosophila (12). Mekl appears to be regulated by reversible serine/ threonine phosphorylation but not by tyrosine phosphorylation. It can be inactivated by treatment with the serine/ threonine-specific protein phosphatase 2A (13, 14). Several recent studies suggested that Raf-1, the protein kinase encoded by the protooncogene c-raf-1, is an activator of Mekl (15-17). It has been reported that the in vitro activation of partially purified murine Mekl by Raf-1 correlates with phosphorylation of Mekl on serine and threonine residues (15). In vivo, activated Mekl is also phosphorylated on serine and threonine residues in mammalian cells (18) and on threonine residues in Xenopus (19). In this report, we describe the tight association of Mekl and Raf-1 and the activation of Mekl by serine phosphorylation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Expression of Proteins in Insect Cells. The ERKI baculovirus construct, pBacERK1, was made by cloning aBamHI/ Aat II (blunt end) ERK1 fragment from pGEX3X-ERK1 (20) into the BamHI/Kpn I (blunt end) site of pAc702 (Invitrogen). pBacERK1 was then cotransfected into Sf9 cells with Baculogold (Pharmigen). BacERK1 baculovirus was harvested 10 days later and then underwent two further rounds of amplification. Baculovirus constructs of epitope-tagged The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. MEK1 and MEK1 (K97A) were gifts of S. G. Macdonald (Onyx Pharmaceuticals, Richmond, CA). Baculovirus constructs of RAF-J and RAF301 were gifts of T. M. Roberts (21). Sf9 cells were cultured in suspension at 27°C in IPL-41 (JRH)/10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum/Yeastolate (VWR Scientific)/lactalbumin hydrolysate (VWR Scientific)/0.1% pluronic acid F-68 (GIBCO). After baculoviral infection proceeded for 48 h, Sf9 cells were harvested by centrifugation and stored at -70°C. Antibodies and Western Blot Analyses. The anti-EE monoclonal antibody, which reacts with the sequence used as an epitope tag, was a gift of G. Walter (22). The C12 and K153 anti-Raf-1 polyclonal antibodies and the 956/837 anti-Erkl polyclonal antibody were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). The rafl-Ill anti-Raf-1 polyclonal antibody was purchased from Upstate Biotechnology (Lake Placid, NY). Proteins resolved by SDS/PAGE were transferred to poly(vinylidene difluoride) blotting membrane (Immobilon-P; Millipore) for 1.5 h at 80 V in 25mM Tris.HCl/ 192 mM glycine/20% methanol/0.5 mM Na3VO4 at 4°C. Western blot analyses were performed at room temperature using the enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) Western detection system (Amersham). Blots were blocked in 8% bovine serum albumin/phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)/0.1% Tween 20 for 1 h and then washed with PBS/0.1% Tween 20 (PBST) for 5 min. After incubation with 0.1 ug of primary antibody per ml for 1 h, blots were washed three times with PBST for 5 min each. Anti-mouse or anti-rabbit IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (Amersham) was diluted 1:2000 in PBST and incubated with blots for 20 min. Finally, blots were washed with PBST four times for 5 min each, incubated with the ECL detection reagent (Amersham) for 1 min, and exposed to Fuji RX film. Affinity Chromatography. Anti-EE antibody (20 mg) was conjugated to 1 ml (bed volume) of protein G plus agarose (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) as described (23). Sf9 cells were Dounce-homogenized in lysis buffer A: 10 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.1/1 mM EDTA/5 mM EGTA/10 mM MgCl2/50 mM p-glycerol phosphate/2 mM Na3VO4/2 mM dithiothreitol (DTT)/1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride/10 g of leupeptin per ml/10 ug of pepstatin per ml. The homogenate was cleared by centrifugation at 12,000 x g for 10 min. NaCl and n-octyl glucoside were added to the supernatant to a concentration of 80 mM and 0.1%, respectively, before it was applied to the anti-EE affinity column. The column was washed with 10 column vol of PBS/0.1% Nonidet P-40 and 10 column vol of lysis buffer A/100 mM NaCl/0.1% n-octyl glucoside and eluted with 1 column vol of EE peptide at 50 ug/ml/20 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.2/100 mM NaCl/2 mM 2-mercaptoethanol. Kinase Assays. MBP kinase assays and Mek assays were performed as described (7, 14). Mekl kinase activity was Abbreviations: MAP kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase; MBP, myelin basic protein; Erk, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Mek, MAP kinase/Erk kinase; GST, glutathione S-transferase.


Due to the failure of the traditional detection methods of signal number of the first-order sea echo signals at a given Doppler shift, a new method of determination of signal number in the superresolution ocean surface current algorithm for OSMAR200 is developed in this paper. The processing procedure and results of measurements of OSMAR2000 are investigated in this paper.


In the present work, the volatile compounds of leav es and flowers of Thymus mastichina collected in two different places of Portugal were studied using head space solid-phase micro-extraction with gas chromat ography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) procedure. The analysis fell upon d ried leaves and flowers directly or by the essential oils obtained by hydro distillation. The results showed that linalool (26 -30 %) was the most important compound in leaves and flowers of plants from Sesimbra. In Alg arve plants, 1,8-cineol or eucalyptol was the most significant volatile compou nd of which concentrations ranged from (23 – 33 %). In general these results a re in accordance with that already studied by hydrodistillation and GC-MS. INTRODUCTION Steam distillation and solvent extraction methods c ombined with GC or GC-MS are used as the routine methods for the analysis of the vola tile essential oils of aromatic plants. However, these conventional methods for the analysi s of the essential oils have some disadvantages. Steam distillation requires a relati ve h gh amount of sample and is a time consuming procedure. Solvent extraction has the dis advantage that it also extracts nonvolatile resinous components along with the essenti al oils, which adversely affect the GC column and the recovery of the volatile components is greatly influenced by the extraction conditions (Song et al., 2003). Solid phase microextraction (SPME) techno logy introduced in 1990 by Arthur and Pawliszyn (Arthur & Pawliszyn, 1990) is a simple and solvent-free technique. Gradually SPME with GC-MS h as been applied to the determination of the volatile chemical components o f everal aromatic plants. In traditional Portuguese cooking and medicine seve ral aromatic plants have been used. Lamb meat, kid or rabbit are normally aromatized wi th thyme. Thyme is also used for preparing tea. There are several species of Thymus in Portugal which essential oil composition varies deeply. The goal of this study w as to compare volatile profile of Thymus mastichina grown in two different regions of Portugal using d ifferent analytic techniques of extraction. One of the methods was hy drodistillation, as reported in European Pharmacopoeia, and the other one was heads pace olid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME). In both methods, the chemical analysis w as performed by gaschromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) . MATERIALS AND METHODS Isolation of essential oils The oils were isolated from dried materials by hydr odistillation, for 4 hours, using a Clevenger-type apparatus (Anonymous, 1996). Solid phase micro extraction procedure 0,5 g of day plant were introduced into a 20 ml via l. Two different coated fibers were used a 65 μm PDMS-DVB (polydimethylsiloxane – divinylbenzene) and a 50/30 μm DVB-Carboxen-PDMS. The SPME fiber was exposed 20 min in the hade-space at laboratory temperature (20 ± 2 oC), after the fiber was withdrawn into the needle and transferred to the injector of the GC-MS, where the analytes were thermally desorbed f rom the fiber during 5 or 8 min depending if it was a PDMS-DVB or a DVB-Carboxen-PD MS respectively. GC-MS analysis A Shimadzu 17-A chromatograph equipped with Shimadz u QP-500 mass spectrometer was used. The separation was achieved using a J&W S cientific DB-1701P column of 30 m x 0,25 mm i. d. and 0,25 μm of film thickness. GC oven temperature was progra mmed from 40 oC (5 min), to 230 oC at a rate of 5 oC/min and then 5 min at 230 oC. The carrier gas was helium with a column-head pressure of 1,4 x 0 Pa. Mass spectra were recorded in the electron impact ( EI) mode at 70 eV, scanning the m/z 30 to 300. Interface temperature was 250 oC. Data a cquisition and data processing were carried using Class5K programme. Peaks in TIC (total ion current) or MIC ( Multi Ion Chromatogram) profiles for both analyses were characterized or tentatively identifi ed rom their mass spectral data using National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIS T12 or NIST62) and Wiley 229 mass spectrometry libraries. Identification was confirme d using standard compounds when


The paper analyzes the cultivation system of elite student athletes comprehensively by both theoretical and positivist study.It puts forward that the cultivation system of elite student athletes,represented by Tsinghua University Diving Team,has been an improvement and supplement of current athletes training institution in China.The new athlete cultivation system encourages open participation and fair play,and scientific and efficient training is emphasized.The practice of Tsinghua Diving Team has achieved primarily.As the transformation of Chinese society,the cultivation system of elite student athletes in Tsinghua Diving Team is maturing and has dynamic for sustainable development.


PCR is widely used for the amplification of DNA and reverse-transcribed RNA. In recent years, real-time PCR has been introduced as a new technique for mRNA quantitation. However, because of the high cost of real-time PCR equipment and supplies, especially using custom-made probes, quantitative RT-PCR is a valuable alternative method. Several quantitative PCR protocols describe the use of a single competitive standard (2,6). The aim of the present study was the development of a protocol using several competitive standards of different sizes to quantify gene expression in a one-tube-amplification procedure. As a model system, endothelin receptor B mRNA was quantified in human endothelial cells. Endothelin-1 is the most potent vasoconstrictor known to date and mediates its effects in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology via binding to endothelin receptors type A or B (ETA and ETB) (4). Endothelial cells express ETB receptors only (3,5). Total RNA from primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells was isolated as previously described (7). A 702-bp fragment of human ETB was cloned from endothelial RNA by RT-PCR (5). Four internally deleted standards (648, 528, 438, and 355 bp) were constructed using linker primer PCR (2). Using this approach, target and standards contain the same sense and antisense primer binding sites. We used following primers: ETB sense: 5′-CGAGCTGTTGCTTCTTGGAGTAG-3′, ETB antisense: 5′-ACGGAAGTTGTCATATCCGTGATC-3′, linker 1: 5′-CTTGGAGTAGGGTGGTCTCTGTGGTTCTGG-3′, linker 2: 5′-CTTGGAGTAGGCAGTTTTACAAGACAGCAA-3′, linker 3: 5′-CTTGGAGTAGGACCTGTGAAATGTTGAGAA-3′, and linker 4: 5′-CTTGGAGTAGCCGTCTTTTGCCTGGTCCTT-3′. Standards were cloned into pCR-Script Amp SK+ Cloning Vector (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA). Standard identity was confirmed by cycle sequencing using ABI PRISM® Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing Ready Reaction Kit on an automated ABI 373A DNA Sequencer (both from Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Database searches of GenBank® were performed using BLASTN (1). In vitro transcription of cDNA standards was performed using the RNA Transcription Kit (Stratagene), and cRNA was quantified spectrophotometrically at 260 nm. Standard RT after 3 min at 70°C was done for 1 h at 42°C using cRNA random hexamer primers and SuperScript II RNase HReverse Transcriptase (Invitrogen, Paisley, UK). Afterwards, one-fifth of each RT reaction was amplified by PCR with 20 pmol ETB sense and antisense primers: 1 min at 95°C, 1 min at 69°C, and 1 min at 72°C. PCR fragments were separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, stained with ethidium bromide, and documented by photography using Polaroid® film type 665. The absorbances of sample specific target and standard copies were estimated by a personal densitometer (Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). Densities of PCR fragments were normalized with a correction coefficient and logarithm of quotient of samplespecific and standard PCR fragment density graphically plotted versus the amount of standard RNA. With our serial RT-PCR using multiple standards, a one-tube reaction is sufficient to measure the target copy number (Figure 1). For this purpose, a standard mixture including all four standards was used. In this mixture, the highest copy number was assigned to the smallest standard. Each larger standard was added in a 1:2 dilution to the next smaller standard. This standard mixture was diluted and added to a constant amount of total RNA (250 ng) from human endothelial cells. After RT-PCR and gel electrophoresis, the copy number of the target gene was calculated. Using this approach, target and standard mixtures of four different internally deleted standards can be transcribed into cDNA and subsequently amplified at the same rate. The ETB copy number in human endothelial cells was determined using the serial RT-PCR method using multiple standards (x± SEM/μg RNA: 1917.8 ± 36.5; n = 4). The method is highly reproducible. To test the validity of the approach, we compared the well-established competitive approach and our new serial RT-PCR using multiple standards (Figure 2A). An identical copy number of target and standard cDNA was used in each approach. Both competitive and serial RT-PCR using multiple standards were carried out in a parallel manner. We found no significant difference in deviation between the two approaches. In both cases, a difference of approxiBenchmarks


An improved method was developed for the determination of (1→3), (1→4)-β-D-glucans in cereal-based food products and cereal grains. The method uses refluxing 80% (v/v) ethanol to remove sugars and inactivate enzymes prior to 1-hr extraction with water at 100 o C for soluble β-glucan determination or 16-hr extraction with 1.0N NaOH for total β-glucan determination


In this paper, we have investigated the effect of secondary electron emission on nonlinear propagation of dust acoustic waves in a complex plasma where equilibrium dust charge is negative. The primary electrons, secondary electrons, and ions are Boltzmann distributed, and only dust grains are inertial. Electron-neutral and ion-neutral collisions have been neglected with the assumption that electron and ion mean free paths are very large compared to the plasma Debye length. Both adiabatic and nonadiabatic dust charge variations have been separately taken into account. In the case of adiabatic dust charge variation, nonlinear propagation of dust acoustic waves is governed by the KdV (Korteweg-de Vries) equation, whereas for nonadiabatic dust charge variation, it is governed by the KdV-Burger equation. The solution of the KdV equation gives a dust acoustic soliton, whose amplitude and width depend on the secondary electron yield. Similarly, the KdV-Burger equation provides a dust acoustic shock wave. This du...


inference_class:: conclude_all(soil_determine_soil), inference_class::conclude_all(water_determine_water), ... assign:inference_class::conclude_all(soil_determin_conclusion), inference_class::conclude_all(water_determin_conclusi), ... }. assessment_task :: { ... start:assesment_inference::abstract, assesment_inference:: assign }. Rela t ion between expressions Inference layer T ask layer Figure 2: An example of the KADS layers implemented using KROL 5. The methodology Ver i ficat ion examines the techn ical aspects of an exper t system in order to determine whether the exper t system is bui l t cor rect ly. One of the major tasks in ver i fying exper t systems is the ver i ficat ion of the knowledge contained wi th in the KB. Ver i fying the KB involves examin ing the consistency, completeness, and cor rectness of the knowledge by detect ing er rors such as redundancy, contradict ion , and ci rcular i ty (6). Several ver i ficat ion cr i ter ia have been proposed. Our approach in automat ing ver i ficat ion of the KB involves checking the KB for commonly occur r ing er rors. The approach indicates a lso that , in order to ver i fy an exper t system, i t is necessary to have a conceptual model of the KB. The KADS methodology lends i tsel f to conceptual model ing of the KB. Th is enabled us to bui ld an automat ic ver i ficat ion tool . Th is tool is able to detect di fferen t KB er ror types as wel l as new er ror types that appear due to using KADS in knowledge model ing.


How does remote work affect productivity and how productive are workers who choose remote jobs? We estimate both effects in a U.S. Fortune 500 firm's call centers that employed both remote and on-site workers in the same jobs. Prior to COVID-19, remote workers answered 12 percent fewer calls per hour than on-site workers. When the call centers closed due to COVID-19, the productivity of formerly on-site workers declined by 4 percent relative to already-remote workers, indicating that a third of the initial gap was due to a negative treatment effect of remote work. Yet an 8 percent productivity gap persisted, indicating that the majority of the productivity gap was due to negative worker selection into remote work. Difference-in-differences designs also indicate that remote work degraded call quality— particularly for inexperienced workers—and reduced workers' promotion rates. In a model of the market provision of remote work, we find that firms were in a prisoner's dilemma: all firms would have gained from offering comparable remote and on-site jobs, but any individual firm was loathe to attract less productive workers.


Venous thrombosis (VT) is a multicausal disease that is caused by the interaction of both genetic and acquired risk factors. The aim of the studies described in this thesis was to identify novel genes or genomic regions that contribute to the susceptibility of VT. We used two different approaches to achieve this goal: the hypothesis-based candidate gene approach and the discovery-based genome-wide approach. The candidate genes investigated are factor VII-activating protease, coagulation factor IX and four interleukin-1 related genes. As a second approach we used a genome-wide linkage approach to systematically scan the genome for genes or genomic regions that contribute to the susceptibility of venous thromboembolism (VTE). For this purpose we recruited a panel of affected sibling pairs with VTE at a young age (Genetics In Familial Thrombosis study, GIFT). Two novel susceptibility regions for VTE were identified. We screened eleven candidate genes, selected from both regions, to investigated whether variants of these genes could explain the observed linkage signals. Identification of the gene(s) and their functional variants, which are responsible for the linkage signals, will give better insights in the molecular genetics of familial thrombophilia and might be important for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VTE.


To extract features of Drive-by-download traffic, we develop a system for visualizing the flow of HTTP traffic. Based on the typical behavior observed in malicious connections, we propose an automated detection system to classify drive-by download with the logical condition of some features such as the redirection methods and the object size. Our detection uses the decision tree learning with optimal threshold for learning data and successfully detect the malicious connection with the accuracy of 0.06 false negative and 0 false positive.


According to the theory of solutional fractionation, simulation analyses were carried out for the fractionation of polypropylene and polyethylene. The results were compared with the experimental ones, which were obtained in fractionating 100-g samples. The experimental results were sufficiently explained by simulation. This fact demonstrated that these fractionations were carried out in the partition equilibrium between two liquid phases. Further, experimental conditions to obtain narrow distribution fractions were investigated by simulation techniques.


We report a kind of cadmium sulfide (CdS)/sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) composite via in situ for the first time. It is a new type of nanocomposite possessing outstanding fluorescence property and thermostability. The SPEEK has the sulfonic radical side group and the degree of the sulfonation is 0.88. With the SPEEK dissolving in the N,N-dimethylformamide, cadmium acetate dihydrate (cadmium (Cd) source) was added to make the precursor for the reaction and then the thiourea (sulfur (S) source) was injected. We also investigated the effects of reaction time, the ratio of Cd/S, and the ratio of Cd/–SO3H. The ultraviolet–visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were used to characterize the property of the nanocomposite. The high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) was used to characterize the morphological of the composite. As the reaction time increases, the photoluminescence intensity declined and the fluorescence peak redshifted. When the reaction time was 1 min, the ratio of Cd/S was 1:2 and the ratio of Cd/–SO3H was 1:5, and the fluorescence properties of the nanocomposites were the best.


be ignored. Local initiatives should be encouraged and supported; a solution cannot be imposed. Policy changes bring despair to those motivated by the ideal of reform, and in a world where it is likely that the provision of future community-based mental health services will be determined by staff availability, why work in prisons? Psychiatry's investment in prison mental health care can be judged both by the involvement of academic forensic psychiatry in the area and by the signiŽcance which the Royal College of Psychiatrists' forensic section places on the matter. I suggest similar motivations for the frequency of both prison reviews and prison research of the 'How many mentally disordered are there in prison?' variety. First, they serve political purposes; second, they are selfserving; third, they function as a useful defence mechanism in that anyone but a fool knows that the standard of health care is below an acceptable level but, unwilling to risk our own necks, we undertake displacement activities to relieve our guilt.


Castor seed is important because of the castor oil content (40 – 57%). The oil enjoys tremendous world demand in the pharmaceutical, paint, cosmetics, textile, leather, lubricant, chemical, plastic, fibre, automobile and engineering industries. Castor oil, aside being a renewable resource, it is biodegradable and eco- friendly. Agricultural products are natural habitats of fungi and these materials contain cellulose, hemi- cellulose, starch, oils and other complex organic compounds. The ability of the fungi to exist in these environment s largely depends on their ability to produce enzymes capable of breaking down the various organic materials to provide their nutrients. Castor seeds and castor oil are good sources of nutrients for fungal growth and development. Fungi are capable of producing lipases which can hydrolyze fats or oils to fatty acids thereby increasing the free fatty acids of the produce and this is a deteriorating effect. Lipid degradation takes place when seeds or their oils are damaged by improper storage conditions or are exposed to certain microorganisms. Studies were carried out on the ability of nine fungal species namely: Aspergillus tamari i Aspergillus chevallieri, Penicillium chrysogenum, Cephaliophora irregularis, Syncephalastrum racemosum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ruber, Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus niger to produce extracellular lipases in stationary liquid medium using quantitative and qualitative indices including, dry mycelia mass, free fatty acid and peroxide values. These studies showed that al l the mould species exhibited lipolytic activity to varying levels as confirmed by formation of blue halo round the fungal colonies. The highest level of lipolytic activity (96.88 % +1.12%) was produced by Aspergillus tamari . which was also characterized b y highest mycelia dry yield (2.54 mg/40ml + 0.20 mg/40ml), while Cephaliphora irregularis produced the least lipolytic activity (3.10 % + 0.18%). T he highest peroxide value (38.1 meq/kg + 1.17meq/kg) was obtained in the medium inoculated with Aspergillus tamarii while the least (6.20 meq/kg +0.58)meq/kg was with Aspergillus terreus after 30 days of storage. The study showed that Aspergillus tamarii and Aspergillus flavus grew well and readily caused lipolytic activity when cultured in medium containing castor oil as the only carbon source, suggesting that these fungal species contributed significantly to castor oil bio -deterioration.


Objective To clone and sequence the cDNA encoding farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase(FPS) from Panax notoginseng.Methods The cDNA,encoding FPS in P.notoginseng,was amplified by RACE strategy with the total RNA of root as the template.The fragment of FPS was cloned and sequenced.Results The analysis results revealed that the full-length cDNA had(1 409) bp with an open reading frame encoding 343 amino acids of protein.The FPS sequence had 95%,87%,and 86% amino acid sequence homology to the FPS sequence of Centella asiatica,Parthenium argentatum,and Artemisia annua,respectively. Conclusion The cDNA encoding FPS from P. notoginseng is cloned and reported.This works provide a foundation for exploring the mechanism of saponins biosynthesis and application to the other medical plants.


We construct an equivariant microlocal lift for locally symmetric spaces. In other words, we demonstrate how to lift, in a "semicanonical" fashion, limits of eigenfunction measures on locally symmetric spaces to Cartan-invariant measures on an appropriate bundle. The construction uses elementary features of the representation theory of semisimple real Lie groups, and can be considered a generalization of Zelditch's results from the upper half-plane to all locally symmetric spaces of noncompact type. This will be applied in a sequel to settle a version of the quantum unique ergodicity problem on certain locally symmetric spaces.


This dissertation was carried out to optimize the educational use of Learning Management Systems. Rationale and procedures proposed for this work are based on several premises: a) Learning Management Systems (LMS) are computer applications extensively used in educational institutions; however, they can not be properly described as virtual learning environments; b) In order to become authentic virtual learning environments, Learning Management Systems require human intervention (usually teachers) that will define specific ways to combine resources available on the system to achieve pre-defined learning objectives; c) A pedagogical optimization of Learning Management Systems should target an efficient interplay of computer and human capacities to provide engaging online learning experiences that respect students' individualities and adapt to their educational interests and needs.


Due to the current advances in technology, it is both possible as well as feasible to track multiple targets in a network centric environment. To this end, the development and the design of a network centric environment must be based on solid understanding of the theoretical foundations and should yield required performance in a control simulation. The paper provides an overview of various issues involved in a network centric sensor data fusion environment. Besides discussing the conventional techniques to resolve the sensor integration, registration, association, and fusion issues, non-conventional approaches, such as Fuzzy Logic and Viterbi based methods are also be explored in this paper. In addition, the design of a versatile simulation environment based on a multi-tiered fusion architecture to evaluate the sensor integration techniques is presented.


This introductory chapter presents an overview of this book. The special contribution of the book regarding the investigation of Heikki Rӓisӓnen's writings and theology, is in the treatment of his Finnish publications. There is important material that has never been translated into English or any other language. The most important of these is his early article "Raamatun auktoriteetista" from 1972. Regarding Rӓisӓnen's interpretation theory, the main task of the book is to explore and define the nature of his hermeneutical theory. The book investigates the nature of Rӓisӓnen's hermeneutics in the light of a much wider perspective on the development of biblical research. It presents new insights on the understanding of the whole course of scientific biblical criticism and especially biblical interpretation, also called scriptural hermeneutics. The book contains broad analyses, including scholars other than Rӓisӓnen as well.Keywords: Biblical criticism; Biblical interpretation; Heikki Rӓisӓnen; hermeneutical theory; Raamatun auktoriteetista


A class degenerate quasilinear parabolic systems is considered. The local existence is proved. In some conditions the solution quench in a finite time. And an estimate of quenching time is given.


Defining the morbidity accompanying a malaria infection in a non-immune person is a straightforward exercise. In a semi-immune population, however, this task is complicated by many factors and many symptoms attributable to malaria in regions of high endemicity therefore often constitute little more than surmises. This report is compiled from studies recently conducted on the relationship which exists between body temperature and malaria parasitaemia in persons resident in Lagos, a Nigerian city, and its suburbs.


The paper presents the results of phytosociological research conducted on the vegetation of rock habitats in the montane and colline zones of the Pamir-Alai Mountains (Tajikistan). During field surveys done in 2010–2013, 122 phytosociological relevés were sampled. Plant species were recorded according to the Braun-Blanquet cover-abundance scale. The vegetation studies were carried out generally in the western Pamir-Alai and south-western Tian Shan Mts, especially in the Zeravshan, Hissar, Hazratishoh, Darvaz, Rushan, Turkestan, Kuramin and Vanch ranges. A synopsis of the rock communities of the montane and colline zones in Tajikistan is proposed. The collected material presents most of the variability among the plant communities of rock crevices and fissures on calcareous as well as acidic substrates in the montane and colline zones in Tajikistan. As a result of field research and numerical analyses, eight associations have been distinguished: Scutellarietum hissaricae, Scutellarietumschugnanicae, Scutellarietum zaprjagaevii, Scutellarietum baldshuanicae, Tylospermetumlignosae, Dionysietum involucratae A. Nowak, M. Nobis, S. Nowak & A. Nobis, 2014, Nanorrhinetum ramosissimi, Campanuletum albertii and the community of Scutellaria adenostegia within new alliance – Caricion koshevnikovii. The main factors determining the species composition of classified associations seem to be the geography of the distribution range, elevation above sea level, rock type and exposition.


Background: With the FDA approval of two hypomethylating agents (HA) for the treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), both azacitidine (AZA-C) and decitabine have shown widespread usage. These agents improved response rates (RR) in phase III registration trials, however, overall survival (OS) was not significantly improved. Furthermore, head to head comparison of AZA-C versus decitabine is lacking. We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the efficacy of AZA-C and decitabine versus supportive care (SC), and AZA-C versus decitabine for the treatment of MDS. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane library database was undertaken to identify all phase III randomized controlled trials (RCT) published through July 2008. Meetings abstracts from ASCO, ASH and European Society for Hematology were searched for the years 2006–2007. Data extraction and meta-analysis on benefits and harms of HA for MDS was performed as per the methods recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration. Indirect comparison of AZA-C versus decitabine was conducted according to the methods developed by Bucher et al and Glenny et al and were extended to calculate hazard ratios (HR). We created the following chain of inference: we first pooled RCTs that compared AZA-C with SC, and decitabine versus SC. We then compared the pooled estimates to obtain the unbiased estimate in treatment differences between decitabine and AZA-C. Results: We found 4 RCTs assessing the efficacy of HA for the treatment of MDS. Two RCTs compared AZA-C versus SC, and 2 compared decitabine versus SC. The results from 1 trial describing the effects of decitabine versus SC were reported as a press release stating that OS was not significant between two arms, however, data were not available for this analysis. The results for all comparisons are summarized in the table below. Meta-analysis of RCTs comparing HA versus SC showed significantly better OS, EFS, and RR in favor of HA without a significant increase in treatment-related mortality (TRM). Comparison of AZA-C versus SC also showed significantly better OS, EFS and RR favoring AZA-C without significant risk of TRM. In one RCT comparing decitabine versus SC, RR was significantly superior in the decitabine arm. However, there was no difference in OS, EFS and TRM between decitabine and SC. Evaluation of decitabine versus AZA-C showed significantly better OS and RR favoring AZA-C, whereas EFS and TRM were similar. Conclusion: This first systematic review on the efficacy of HA versus SC shows that OS, EFS and RR are superior with HA without significant TRM. Additionally, use of AZA-C is associated with significantly improved OS and RR compared to decitabine. In order to definitively confirm these findings, a prospective RCT comparing AZA-C and decitabine is warranted. Results from this systematic review on the efficacy of AZA-C and decitabine should be considered the threshold against which efficacy of future agents in MDS should be tested.


The achievable rate of a wideband multi-input single-output channel with multi-carrier transmission is studied with limited feedback of channel state information (CSI). The set of sub-channel vectors are assumed to be jointly quantized and relayed back to the transmitter. Given a fixed feedback rate, the performance of an optimal joint quantization scheme can be characterized by the rate-distortion bound. The distortion metric is the average loss in capacity (forward rate) relative to the capacity with perfect channel state information at the transmitter and receiver. The corresponding rate distortion function gives the forward capacity as a function of feedback rate, and is determined explicitly by casting the minimization of mutual information in the rate-distortion problem as an optimal control problem. Numerical results show that when the feedback rate is relatively small, the rate-distortion bound significantly outperforms separate quantization of the state information of each sub-channel.


As I was reading my Bible Study today, I came across 2 Samuel 10:1-5 1 And it came to pass after this, that


A permanently attached guided wave array for the constant monitoring of defects in plate‐like structures is designed and a prototype built. Employing the first antisymmetric Lamb wave mode A0, the condition of large areas can be monitored from a single position of the device with minimum power consumption, necessary for long term operation independent of external power sources. The performance of the piezoelectric transducer elements used for the excitation and measurement of the A0 mode is studied. Preliminary measurement results on an aluminum plate containing a model defect are presented.


In this investigation we studied the influence of two gastrin fragments, pentagastrin and nonsulfated heptadecagastrin, and two cholecystokinin fragments, sulfated and desulfated cholecystokinin 26–33, on intracellular and secreted triacylglycerol in isolated hepatocyte cultures. Both gastrin fragments inhibited triacylglycerol release in a biphasic manner, exhibiting maximal effect at 0.1 nmol/L (nonsulfated heptadecagastrin) and 0.3 nmol/L (pentagastrin). At these concentrations triacylglycerol secretion was 42% (non‐sulfated heptadecagastrin, p < 0.001) and 62% (pentagastrin, p < 0.001) lower than in cells untreated with gastrin. Sulfated cholecystokinin 26–33 caused a 35% decrease in triacylglycerol secretion at 0.1 nmol/L (p < 0.01), and desulfated cholecystokinin 26–33 caused a 53% decrease at 0.2 nmol/L (p < 0.001). In all experiments, the hormone‐induced decrease in triacylglycerol secretion was accompanied by an increase in intracellular triacylglycerol content. The cholecystokinin‐A receptor antagonist L‐364, 718 did not affect the decrease in triacylglycerol secretion induced by 0.3 nmol/L pentagastrin, whereas the cholecystokinin‐B receptor antagonist L‐365, 260 inhibited the pentagastrin effect at concentrations above 50 nmol/L. These results suggest that gastrin, cholecystokinin or some other gastrinlike hormone (or all three) may play a previously unrecognized regulatory role with respect to hepatic very low density lipoprotein secretion. (HEPATOLOGY 1993;18:1232‐1237).


Jose Otero Espasandin (1900-1987) was an important science popularizer in Argentina during the 1940´s, who belonged to the Misiones Pedagogicas (Educational Missions) group in Spain. This paper presents his biography and his work as a science and technology popularizer. It focused on his features, value and significance for that period.


This chapter deals with the specific implication of the conservationist premises of the laws of occupation on administrative and judicial structures in occupied territories. It discusses the occupants authority to effectuate change in administrative institutions in occupied territories. The chapter reviews a detailed analysis of so-called occupation courts. The authority for belligerent occupation derives less from an international legal institution than from the sheer fact that they exert military power sufficient to control the territory. The occupying power is generally required to maintain local courts and must not alter the status of judges. There have been numerous examples of state practice effectuating the alterations in the administrative and judicial machineries on the basis of necessity exceptions. The introduction of a democratic political system is increasingly recognised as an indispensable requirement on the basis of the principle of self-determination of peoples.Keywords: administrative structures; belligerent occupation; democratic political system; judicial structures; occupation courts; occupied territory


in August 2006, 16 Boston College students spent three weeks traveling throughout Costa Rica seeking to understand how the country has developed economically while preserving its rainforests and biodiversity. Many of the answers were found high in the hills of the country's continental divide in Monteverde where conservation and "ecotourism" have made possible an innovative model for development: a model built upon the combined efforts of private entities, government agencies, and international partners. It is a model that is reflective of the trends at play nationwide. This paper examines not only Costa Rica's current approach to sustainable development through the lens of Monteverde but also its difficulties within the present model and the challenges ahead based on competing visions for the future.


Hybrid membrane was prepared from polymer blend of PVA/Chitosan with tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the inorganic cross linker. In this report, characteristics of hybrid membrane were analyzed by contact angle analysis, their mechanical performance using tensile strength and their thermal stabilities using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) with various concentrations of TEOS. The increase in TEOS concentration resulted in the improvement of the mechanical and thermal structure of the membrane. The addition of TEOS in the solution of membrane made the hybrid membrane more hydrophilic. The incorporation of 3wt% till 5wt% TEOS concentration was found to produce high flexibility and good thermal stability of hybrid membrane. Results obtained from this study are used for further development in the application of thin film composite membrane. Keywords— hybrid membrane ;sol –gel ;organic –inorganic