Control of big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) on heavily infested areas has long been recognized as an effective range improvement practice. By killing this one undesirable species the grazing capacity of rangelands can often be increased manyfold. During the past 20 years several methods have been developed to reduce sagebrush numbers and bring about such range improvement (Pechanec et al., 1954). Generally these methods can be divided into two main categories: those that destroy all existing vegetation, and selective methods that destroy sagebrush without complete destruction of the herbaceous understory. When there are few plants of desirable species, consideration in the selection of a control method generally need be given only to effectiveness of sagebrush removal, relative cost, and development of a satisfactory seedbed. Establishment of forage species will be dependent upon artificial seeding. On the other hand, if a good stand of desirable species is present, it is upon these that increased production should depend; selection of the eradication method should not only consider degree of sagebrush kill and cost but also the effect of treatment upon these associated plants. It is with this question of the effect of treatment on assocJiated fbrage species that this paper is concerned. Considerable information has already been obtained on the effect of various selective methods of sagebrush control. Blaisdell (1953) reported in detail the effect of sagebrush burning on residual vegetation on the Upper Snake River Plains of Idaho. Bohmont (1954), Hyder and Sneva (1956), and Blaisdell and Mueggler (1956) are among those who have studied the effect of the sagebrush-killing 2,4-D sprays on associated vegetation. Burning, spraying, rotobeating, and railing as well as other methods were described by Pechanec et al. (1954), but only general information was presented on the relative effects of these methods on associated vegetation. Evidently little information is available on direct comparisions of various methods of sagebrush removal under carefully controlled conditions. A comparison of four methods of sagebrush control that maintained the native herbaceous understory-burning, rotobeating, railing, and spraying with 2, 4-D-was started in 1952 on the Upper Snake River Plains in southeastern Idaho. The study area is in a fairly homogeneous, dense stand of big sagebrush between 2 and 3 feet in height, on the spring-fall range of the U. S. Sheep Experiment Station near Dubois, Idaho. The topography has only slight relief with little surface drainage; the sandyloam soil is underlain by basaltic lava. Precipiation averages about 13 inches annually. A good understory of native perennial species was present throughout. This herbaceous understory consisted predominantly of bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum), thickspike wheatgrass (A. dasystachyum), Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis), plains reedgrass (Calamagrostis montanensis), subalpine needlegrass (Stipa columbiana), blue grasses (Poa spp.), threadleaf sedge (Carex filifolia), fleabane (Erigeron corymbosus), lupines (Lupinus spp.), and minor amounts of other grasses and forbs. Besides the dominant big sagebrush, the shrubby vegetation included spineless gray horsebrush (Tetradymia canescens), downy rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnus puberulus), and antelope bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata). A more detailed listing of species and relative amounts can be found in Table 2.


This is the post-refereeing manuscript of an accepted journal article: Musallam, I I and Abo-Shehada, M and Omar, M and Guitian, J (2015) Cross-sectional study of brucellosis in Jordan: Prevalence, risk factors and spatial distribution in small ruminants and cattle. PREVENTIVE VETERINARY MEDICINE, 118 (4). pp. 387-396. The final publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.12.020 . This draft has been made available on the RVC's Open Access publications repository in accordance with the College's Open Access policy. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0. The full details of the published version of the article are as follows:


By using secondary follicle of diameter of 200~300μm as an object,we studied the effect of isolation method and the development of ovary on the isolation and collection of porcine secondary follicles.The results indicated that the number of secondary follicle isolated by microdissection is highly significantly more than that of cutting filtration(24.75±2.99vs2.60±0.35,P0.01),and the time every follicle cost by microdissection is highly significantly lower than that of cutting filtration(5.40±0.44vs15.52±1.18,P0.01).There is no significance of collection of follicle between ovary with corpus luteum and without corpus luteum when both using microdissection method(26.10±2.02vs24.35±2.32,P0.05),but ovary with corpus luteum will isolate little more follicles than ovary without corpus luteum.


A mathematical model was reconstructed based on the upstroke and sodium current separately recorded from enzymatically dispersed ventricular myocytes of a guinea pig, using the patch clamp technique. After holding the membrane potentials ranging from -120 to -60 mV for 500 ms, the upstroke was induced by applying the stimulus through the patch electrode with the constant latency to obtain voltage-dependence of availability for V/sub max/. Phase plane plots (membrane potential vs. dV/dt) were used for optimization of a mathematical model. Experimental results could be reproduced by the model.<<ETX>>


1Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurodiagnostic Research Center, Beni-Suef University, BeniSuef, Egypt; 2Department of Neurology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; 3Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 4Department of Tropical Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; 5Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beni-Suef University, BeniSuef, Egypt; 6Department of Internal Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; 7Department of Chest Diseases, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; 8Department of Anaesthesia, Surgical ICU and Pain Management, Beni-SuefUniversity, Beni-Suef, Egypt; 9Department of Neurology, Kasr Al Ainy Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; 10Department of Neurology, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Purpose: Much effort has been directed toward studying COVID-19 symptoms; however, the post–COVID-19 phase remains mysterious. The aim of this work was to conduct a clinical and neurophysiological evaluation of physical and mental fatigue in COVID-19 long-haulers and to study whether markers of COVID-19 severity are able to predict the likelihood of developing postinfectious fatigue syndrome (PIFS) in such patients. Patients and Methods: This case–control study was conducted on 46 COVID-19 longhaulers who met the criteria for PIFS and 46 recovered COVID-19 subjects without any residuals. Clinical assessment of fatigue was done using a fatigue questionnaire. Repetitive nerve stimulation and single-fiber electromyography were done after excluding neuropathy and myopathy. Results: The median value for physical fatigue was 4 (IQR 2–7), while that for mental fatigue was 2 (IQR 0–3). Each day's increase in the period of COVID-19 illness increased the odds of PIFS in COVID-19 long-haulers 1.104-fold, and each unit increase in ferritin increased the odds of PIFS 1.006-fold. A significant decrement in at least one muscle was observed in 50% of patients. Patients with PIFS had significantly higher mean consecutive difference (MCD) in the extensor digitorum communis than the control group. There were statistically significant positive correlations between MCD values and physical, mental, and total fatigue scores. Conclusion: Higher ferritin levels and prolonged COVID-19 infection were independent predictors of PIFS in COVID-19 long-haulers. There was electrophysiological evidence of abnormalities in the peripheral portion of the motor unit in COVID-19 long-haulers with PIFS.


A bacteriorhodopsin (bR)-based photodetector is prepared with the structure of stainless steel slide/bR film/aqueous electrolyte gel/copper electrode. The photoelectric response signal to a 10 ns laser pulse is measured. A theory on the bR photoelectric kinetics is developed based on the concept of charge displacement current and the bR photocycle rate equations. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental results proves the multiexponential process of the bR photoelectric response to a short laser pulse. The decay time constants and amplitudes of each exponential component are obtained by data fitting.


Single-carrier frequency domain adaptive antenna array SC-FDAAA has been proposed and proved in our previous study to be effective in suppressing multiple access interference in a severely frequency selective fading channel. In this paper, we studied the performance of SC-FDAAA in a distributed antenna network DAN. To make it clear whether the performance of SC-FDAAA can benefit from the distributed nature of DAN or not, we made a comparison between DAN and the traditional cellular network, that is, central antenna network. The bit error rate distribution and the system capacity both link capacity and cellular link capacity are presented. It is shown that by using the SC-FDAAA, cellular link capacity is maximized by using single frequency reuse. In addition, the capacity of SC-FDAAA can also benefit from the distributed nature of DAN. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


porary topics. Gerard Manley Hopkins, S.J., is presented with his lesser known "The Leaden Echo and the Golden Echo" (1882); and Noyes's epic sequence The Torch-Bearers (Edinburgh, 1922, 1925, 1930) is introduced as an example that tries to reconcile science and religion. Benson's futurist novels Lord of the World (London, 1907) and The Dawn of All (London, 1911) are presented as a—somewhat strange—mixture of a religious and technological society in a future dominated by Catholic priests. In her attempt to rehabilitate Benson's novels and Knox's satire Memories of the Future (London, 1923) from oblivion, Tomczyk sees in the three books a precedence of a preserving religious practice and doctrine over a relativism characteristic of modernism, Tomczyk's intentions become focused: She points at their relevance for today's discussion on values in which, according to her, decidedly Catholic voices should be raised more clearly and loudly. Part 3 ends with the introduction of a forgotten high modernist, surrealist, and open text that resists both religious and literary categorization: John Gray's Park (London, 1932).


This study reports on a trial of methods to overcome barriers to restoration of degraded Cumberland Plain woodland. Soil scalping was compared with fire or slashing to remove existing canopy. Fire and slashing were combined with soil carbon addition at two levels, to reduce soil nitrate. Native seed was added to overcome a lack of native propagules. Treatments, applied to 2 × 2 m plots, consisted of a control; scalped; fire and slash treatments without carbon addition; fire and slash treatments at the low and the high carbon addition levels; and a further fire and a slash treatment at the low carbon level with no native seed added, to give 10 treatments in total. Scalping eliminated the existing canopy and reduced weed seed and bud banks allowing native species (and some colonising exotics) to establish by 33 months. Rapid re-growth in the fire treatment resulted in plant canopy abundance returning to control levels by 12 months, and native species richness on burnt plots remained similar to the control. Canopy abundance in the slash treatment remained lower than in the controls for 20 months, and native species richness increased by then. Carbon addition reduced canopy re-growth in both fire and slash treatments: in the fire-low carbon plots with added native seed, native species richness was double that of the controls by 20 months. This increase did not occur on slash-low carbon plots. The highest level of carbon addition had negative effects on plant growth and survival, resulting in the lowest native species richness. The non-scalping treatments had little effect on exotic species richness in the absence of carbon or small negative effects if combined with carbon.


Abstract Introduction It remains unclear whether minimally invasive pancreaticoduodenectomy (MIPD) and open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD) influences long-term survival in periampullary cancers. This review aims evaluate long-term survival between MIPD and OPD for periampullary cancers. Methods A systematic review was performed to identify studies comparing long-term survival after MIPD and OPD. The I2 test was used to test for statistical heterogeneity and publication bias using Egger test. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for all-cause 5-year (main outcome) and 3-year survival, and disease-specific 5-year and 3-year survival. Meta-regression was performed for the 5- year and 3-year survival outcomes with adjustment for study (region, design, case matching), hospital (centre volume), patient (ASA grade, gender, age), and tumor (stage, neoadjuvant therapy, subtype (i.e. ampullary, distal bile duct, duodenal, pancreatic)). Sensitivity analyses performed on studies including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) only. Results The review identified 31 relevant studies. Among all 58,622 patients, 8716 (14.9%) underwent MIPD and 49,875 (85.1%) underwent OPD. Pooled analysis revealed similar 5-year overall survival after MIPD compared with OPD (HR: 0.78, 95% CI 0.50–1.22, p = 0.2). Meta-regression indicated case matching, and ASA Grade II and III as confounding covariates. The statistical heterogeneity was limited (I2 = 12, c2 = 0.26) and the funnel plot was symmetrical both according to visual and statistical testing (Egger test = 0.32). Sensitivity subset analyses for PDAC demonstrated similar 5-year overall survival after MIPD compared with OPD (HR 0.69, 95% CI: 0.32–1.50, p = 0.3). Conclusion Long-term survival after MIPD is similar to OPD. Thus, MIPD can be recommended as a standard surgical approach for periampullary cancers.


The paper simply discusses current situation and problem of exploration and development of mineral resources in He Nan province. From the angle of resources potential, it analyses sustained capacity for national economy. The paper also overview the market of mining industry in the latter of 21 century. It also prospects for the development of mining industry in 21 century and forecasts the trend of main mineral products in the early 21 century. Then, it puts forward suggestions on sustained development of He Nan province in the early 21 century.


Abstract Paper formulates the problem of multiobjective probabilistic mixture control design and proposes its general solution with both system model and target represented by finite probabilistic mixtures. A complete feasible algorithmic solution for mixtures with components formed by normal auto-regression models with external variable is provided.


Introduction In the era of personalized health, the quest for biomarker as tools of examination, of diagnosis and of follow up deemed necessary. In this study, the author analyzed the outcome of skin tissue repair dorsal-slit and laser (cauterization) through expression of tenascin-C. (TNC) is an extracellular glycoprotein expressed during embryogenesis and markedly increased in wound healing, especially in resolution phase. Methods This study was conducted from July 2015 until May 2016 at Histology Lab FMUI and obtained ethical clearance from FMUI ethical committee no 751b/UN2.F1/ETIK/VIII/2015. Prepuces from 20 male participants (5-12 years old) were collected under signed informed consent and stained using hematoxylin-eosin staining to determine incisional margin area. Tenascin-C expression was determined by immunohistochemistry with ratio of TNC positive area and incisional margin area. Follow-up investigation was done using post-operative questionnaire and photographs to determine the status of wound healing. Result The conventional group showed greater TNC expression (57.28 ± 47.56%) than cauterization group (25.36 ± 16.44%) (p=0.07). The mean expression of TNC in normal wound healing subjects (42.15 ± 40.87%) is slightly more than the mean of delayed wound healing subjects (38.83 ± 33.40%) (p=0.872). The number of subjects with normal healing after cauterization or conventional techniques is almost identical. Conclusion The data presented here suggested that higher TNC expression indicate a trend toward normal wound healing. Further study with larger sample number is required.


Daily use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs in clinical practice dictates the need for knowledge of their pleiotropic effects. The article presents the results of studies of the effect of cardiovascular drugs, such as statins, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics, calcium antagonists and nitrates on bone mineral density and fractures associated with osteoporosis. The mechanisms of action of drugs on bone mass, markers of bone metabolism, the frequency of fractures in osteoporosis are discussed. Most studies show that the use of cardiac drugs along with a positive effect on the vascular wall, slow bone resorption and increase bone mass. Knowledge of the additional effect on bone metabolism of drugs used in cardiovascular diseases allows to choose an adequate therapy and improve the prognosis of both diseases.


Masses of the UPSILON (9.4) family are discussed in the framework of a gauge theory with a harmonic-oscillator potential. At least three resonances (including a small 1/sup 3/D/sub 0/ state) might be observed in the mass spectrum of dimuons produced in pp collisions.


Abstract. The decomposition of mixed pixels in Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images is essential for the application of MODIS data in many fields. Many existing methods for unmixing mixed pixels use principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the image data and require the extraction of endmember spectra. We propose the pixel spectral unmixing index (PSUI) method for unmixing mixed pixels in MODIS images. In this method, a set of third-order Bernstein basis functions is applied to reduce the dimensionality of the image data and characterize the spectral curves of the mixed pixels in a MODIS image, and then the derived PSUIs (i.e., the coefficients of the basis functions) are calibrated by means of the abundance values of the ground features from the Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)/Operational Land Imager (OLI) classification images corresponding to the date and region of the MODIS image. The proposed method was tested on MODIS and ETM+/OLI images, and it obtained satisfying unmixing results. We compared the PSUI method with conventional methods, including the pixel purity index, the N-finder algorithm, the sequential maximum angle convex cone, and vertex component analysis and found that the PSUI method outperformed the other four methods.


ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of fumaric acid, phosphoric acid and lactic acid at different concentrations and pH points in rendered chicken fat against a Salmonella cocktail at room temperature.Materials and MethodsFresh rendered chicken fat was obtained from a commercial facility, divided into 1L bottles and autoclaved to remove any background microbial flora. Chicken fat was allowed to cool to room temp. A 3 strain Salmonella cocktail consisting of Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis, Typhimurium and Heidelberg was added to each individual tube of chicken fat treatment to obtain 7 log CFU/g starting counts. The chicken fat was homogenized, weighed into sterile centrifuge tubes, treatments were applied, and the tubes were vortexed. Application rates of fumaric, phosphoric, and lactic acid treatments are detailed in Table 1. The plating was done after 20 min delay post addition of acid and mixing. Spread plating was done using TSA with an XLT4 agar overlay using the thin agar layer method. The plates were then incubated at 35°C for 24 h.ResultsThe Salmonella counts (Table 1.) show that fumaric and phosphoric acid were unable to provide lethality with use rates up to 0.60%. However, lactic acid had a bactericidal effect, providing Salmonella lethality, in application rates as low as 0.20%.ConclusionThis research verifies the antimicrobial efficacy of lactic acid over inorganic acids such as fumaric and phosphoric acid. Thus providing the pet food industry with a natural antimicrobial to provide Salmonella lethality in the rendered chicken fat and protecting pet food.


Gabor Feature extracted by Gabor wavelet is widely used in face recognition and proved efficiency. But the dimension of the Gabor feature vector is so high that makes it very hardly to compute and store the feature directly in practice. Some methods are proposed to reduce the dimension of Gabor feature in literature. A new method to select the key points in face image is proposed in this paper, and only Gabor features of these points are used in recognition. Except using the simple criterion in key points selecting, two algorithms in refining the selected key points are proposed also. Experimental results show that the proposed method is simply and effective not only for dimension reduction, but also obtains the better recognition performance.


Dear Sir, I write with reference to the recent literature review of the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) in motor neuron disease (MND/ALS) published in the December edition of the ALS journal (1). Although all would recognize that publication delay can often be a significant factor in review articles appearing outdated, I was disappointed on reading this article, published in December 2006, that its scope was only to review articles published before May 2005. As such our randomized controlled trial of NIV in MND/ALS (2), published in February 2006, was excluded. This is all the more disappointing given the recommendation of the authors of your recently published review that such a randomized controlled study be conducted. Both the first and senior author of this review were authors of an editorial accompanying our study when published in Lancet Neurology (3). The authors of this recently published review also cite Pinto et al.'s study of 1995 (4) as a randomized controlled study, which it was not. Pinto's study included two consecutively recruited patient groups, one as control and one as treated by NIV. It was recently described as quasi-randomized by a Cochrane review, although it would not formally meet randomization criteria. Some patients recruited were excluded, suggesting an 'efficacy' rather than 'intention to treat' study design. Hence, while this is an important and valuable study, it cannot appropriately be described as randomized, but should also be considered as a controlled cohort study.


The methods used and the results obtained in four aero-optic tests are summarized. It is concluded that the rather large values of density fluctuation appear to be the result of much higher Mach number than freestream and the violent turbulence in the flow as it separates from the turret. A representative comparison of fairing on-fairing off rms density fluctuation indicates essentially no effect at M = 0.62 and a small effect at M = 0.95. These data indicate that some slight improvement in optical quality can be expected with the addition of a fairing, although at M = 0.62 its effect would be nil. Fairings are very useful in controlling pressure loads on turrets, but will not have first order effects on optical quality. Scale sizes increase dramatically with increasing azimuth angle for a reprensentative condition. Since both scale sizes and fluctuation levels increase (total turbulence path length also increases) with azimuth angle, substantial optical degradation might be expected. For shorter wave lengths, large degradations occur.


Introduction: The hands of health care workers are the most common means of carrying the microorganisms responsible for healthcare-associated infections. The objective of our study was to evaluate the level of handwashing knowledge in three national social health insurance hospitals in metropolitan Lima, 2018. Material and Methods: During April-August 2018, we interviewed nurses and physicians from three national hospitals with a three-sections questionnaire to evaluate on a twenty-first scale the following domains: generalities, reasons for hand hygiene during health care, and situations to perform hand hygiene. Results: The median knowledge of nurses and physicians about hand hygiene was 13.41. The knowledge differs between nurses and physicians 13.3 vs. 13.6). Also, there was a lower frequency of success in the following items: hand disinfection lasts 20 to 30 seconds 54.1%, n=276), hand disinfection has 8 steps 52.9%, n=270), elimination of transitory skin microorganisms 47.1%, n=240), when there is an infectious diagnosis 34.7%, n=177). Conclusion: The knowledge of nurses and physicians was low and there is a difference between professional subgroups. It is recommended to implement continuous training following the WHO multimodular strategies.


Electrical balance duplexers (EBDs) present a potential alternative to the fixed-frequency duplexing filters used for frequency division duplexing in cellular handset radio frequency front ends. However, the transmit-to-receive (Tx–Rx) isolation can be affected by interaction between the antenna and the environment, and therefore, the EBDs balancing impedance must adaptively track time-domain antenna impedance variation. A rail scenario presents a potentially demanding use case for an EBD, as fast moving trains in the vicinity of the antenna may cause dynamically changing reflections, which can be received as self-interference. In this paper, measured dynamic antenna reflection coefficients at 745 and 1900 MHz from train mounted antennas are included in the EBD circuit simulations in order to investigate the resulting variation in Tx–Rx isolation, and determine requirements for balancing impedance adaptation. This paper also presents the results from rail-based field trials of a hardware prototype EBD, which implements real-time antenna impedance tracking. Results show that the rail scenario does result in variation in Tx–Rx isolation, but that rebalancing the EBD at the intervals of 5 ms was sufficient to maintain >50 dB isolation for ~95% of the time.


FIELD: chemistry; biochemistry. SUBSTANCE: proposed are human growth hormone conjugates, obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from -NH 2 in the Gln side chain which is formed from the human growth hormone or a human growth hormone compound. EFFECT: design of an efficient method of producing human growth hormone conjugates. 6 cl, 14 ex


Rural-urban interface never vanishes but only slides outwards from the city core as the city grows. This interface, so-called "peri-urban area", is characterised by "dynamism" and "diversity" as it acts like the place where movements of people, commercial goods and capital take place. As a consequence, peri-urban area becomes the zone of coexistence of rural and urban areas, and constitutes a strong linkage between the two words. The Ecocity project in Cenaia aims to reorganize the expanding urban structure by giving a new identity to the margins of the city. The goal of the project is to valorize the urban fringe through an experimental co-farming/housing habitat and utilize peri-urban agriculture as its principle function. Furthermore the peri-urban area is revitalised by touristic, recreational and commercial activities. The aim of this paper is to point out the role of peri-urban agriculture that offers a symbiosis between urban and rural worlds. search for better living conditions and high-employment chances. Today the migration flow is not only seen from rural to urban areas but also happens at international levels. The rapid urbanization brought unprecedented negative consequences such as urban poor, which is mainly formed in suburbs. The physical expansion of the cities occurs in the suburbs more than the central urban area. As a result of this, the cities and its suburbs spread over to the rural areas beyond their boundaries and this spread which is called "urban sprawl" causes loss of agricultural lands and eventually creates stress on the surrounding natural environment. The increasing expansion of the urban footprint requires also effective ways to deal with many vital issues like food insecurity, protection of public and environmental health, resource management and land use planning. The "Peri-urban agriculture", as a strategy, meets with these issues in an innovative way by understanding better the dynamism of the peri-urban area. 2 BACKGROUND AND THE NOTION OF PERI-URBAN AREA Peri-urban area is the term, which is used to describe the interface resulting from the process of peri-urbanisation. There are also other common terms that define this area such as rurban space, outskirts or hinterland. In addition to these terms, peri-urban area was thus seen as a landscape type 1 FOREWORD More than half of the world's population lives and works in the cities and this percentage keeps increasing each year. Since the 1950s, after the industrial revolution in Europa, urban growth became a global phenomenon. The cities have grown by three main reasons: "economic growth", "natural demographic increase" and "rural-urban migrations". Other effective factors that contributed to the rapid urban growth have been: natural disasters, lack of educational and medical facilities and poor infrastructure in rural areas. Obviously the reasons why the cities undergo these growths vary on the basis of their different geographical and historical features so it is difficult to define universal reasons for the urban growth. People migration has always existed for many reasons, but the most significant one has always been economic. In the urban areas growing economy and new investment affairs attract people as they offer many employment opportunities and living comfort. "Natural demographic increase" means the number of people being born each year compared to the number of deaths. This constitutes the main contributor reason to the growth of the cities. "Migration" is another affecting factor of urban growth instead. After the industrial revolution up to the 1970s, "migration" has appeared as the movement of population from rural to urban areas. More industrial activities in the cities encouraged people to move from countryside to the cities to


The post agent is service unit of post who manage by another for do in the name of PT.Pos Indonesia empowers itu.Post Agent has been given authority to sell post thing and seal on receipts,the acceptance of common post letter,air post express delivery,post in recorded,post package,special delivery letter,the acceptance limited express etc.This research title is study about responsibility post agent for PT.Pos Indonesia (Persero) in delivery letter,is empiris research with make use of primary and secondary data.Respondents are determine purposive;Agen Pos Dahlia,Agen Pos Niata,and Agen Post Surya Sumatera,with criteria post agent has have along time,quantity of consumers and the sender of letter is high and located of research is densenly populated region.This research is done by spreading questionnaires and doing direct interviews to respondents.The data of obtained are processed quantitatively in the form with using deductive method.The result of study shows that species of basic agreement in relationship of law between post agent and PT.Pos Indonesia are;agreement working do together with writing,the contens shows that agent post operate acceptance and the sender of letter or package,also sell post product and get provisi.In the agreement of working do together also contains character agreement who saves package or letter and insurance agreement for increase of consumer service.The responsibility of post agent since acceptance of lette,package authority of post agent,that his duty to take care of them.Thing of this moments,technology is rapidly in communication and transport service sector,so PT.Post must do to in ward looking or out ward looking improvement.So that exist constant.And always ready to look out competitor,as well as capable fulfill claim from consumer another state who usual with certain security,and transparency solution mechanism.


The invention discloses a webpage recommendation method and a device adopting the same, belonging to the field of data mining. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining webpage visiting record; obtaining an information base of jumping relation among webpages according to the webpage visiting record; and recommending webpages for a user according to the information base of jumping relation among webpages if webpage recommendation to the user is needed. By adopting the scheme provided by the invention, the user can check the abstracts of the recommended webpages or click to browse, so as to find the needed webpage earlier, reduce redundant time, and improve efficiency as well as use experience of the user. The method has the advantages that the complexity is low, on-line real-time computation is supported, better performance is obtained in experimental test data, and demands in practical application are satisfied.


The visual phenomenon of light flashes resulting from high energy, heavy cosmic rays penetrating the command module structure and crewmembers' eyes is investigated. Light flash events observed during dedicated sessions on Apollo 15, 16, 17 are described along with a Monte Carlo simulation of the exposure of an astronaut to cosmic radiation during a mission. Results of the Apollo Light Flash Moving Emulsion Detector experiment developed for Apollo 16 and 17 to obtain a direct record of incident cosmic ray particles are correlated with crewmembers' reports of light flashes.


We acquired a seismic reflection profile to image a shallow (<100 m) aquifer system on a small island in Puget Sound, north of Seattle, Washington. The aquifer system is comprised of temperate glacial sedimentary strata, with the primary aquifer lying approximately 45 m below the surface. We chose the site because there are water‐well boring descriptions available and a sea cliff parallels the profile location, providing stratigraphic control. A 20-lb (9-kg) weight drop was used as an energy source to acquire a 30-fold common‐midpoint (CMP) reflection profile along a 400-m line. Analysis of the recorded wavefield was not straightforward because of complex stratigraphy and the presence of a laterally variable thin bed (∼5–15 m) of high‐impedance lodgement till within a few meters of the surface. We used finite‐difference modeling to determine that conventional CMP processing would provide a reasonable approximation for imaging strata in the primary target zone, roughly 20 m below the high velocity till. Fo...


The status of super hybrid rice breeding program in China and other countries were both reviewed. There were three main problems in super rice breeding in China, including: 1)the scarcity of super rice varieties, 2) poor adaptation of super hybrid rice combination, 3)current breeding theories put too much emphasis on the rice growth model, and lack in practicability for guiding rice breeding. According to the author′s experience on rice breeding, the breeding strategy, which involved in three procedures, were proposed. The objective of each procedure and the key technologies for achieving the goals were elucidated in detail. The super parent of hybrid rice should exhibit a comprehensive excellent performance, with the yield or sink capacity equal to the hybrid rice control in regional yield trial. The super hybrid rice combination should meet the following criteria, including high rice quality, wide adaptation, lodging resistance, main insects and diseases resistance, and a yield increase above 8% compared with the control varieties in regional yield trial. Through optimal combination of the parents, increasing selection pressure, and paying more attention to harmony on ideal type, excellent physiological function and all the agronomic traits, the goals of super hybrid rice should be achieved. The yield of hybrid rice seed production should reach 3.75 t/hm2 and 5.25 t/hm2 for early-season and middle-season type of male sterile line, respectively. The main technologies included selection of optimal ecological site, use of the male sterile line with large sink capacity and good outcrossing characteristics, and increased amount of the pollen by intensive cultivation of the male parent. According to the breeding technologies, two super rice parents, including a male parent 996 and a T(P)GMS C815S, were bred. The super hybrid rice combination, Luliangyou 996, which can be used as a double-season early rice variety in middle and lower reaches of Changjiang River, China, was bred by using the super rice variety 996 as the male parent. Several hybrid rice combinations, with higher yield than control varieties both in Hunan provincial and national regional yield trials, were bred with the T(P)GMS C815S as the male parent.


It is vital to automatically detect the Extramural Vascular Invasion (EMVI) in rectal cancer before surgery, which facilitates to guide the patient's treatment planning. Nevertheless, there are few studies about EMVI detection through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Moreover, since EMVI has three main characteristics: highly-variable appearances, relatively-small sizes and similar shapes with surrounding tissues, current deep learning based methods can not be directly used. In this paper, we propose a novel and efficient EMVI detection framework, which gives rise to three main contributions. Firstly, we introduce a self-attention module to capture dependencies ranging from local to global. Secondly, we design a parallel atrous convolution (PAC) block and a global pyramid pooling (GPP) module to encode richer context information at multiple scales. Thirdly, we fuse the whole-scene and local-region information together to improve the feature representation ability. Experimental results show that our framework can significantly improve the detection accuracy and outperform other state-of-the-art methods.


Dear Sir,

Our group has long been interested in the immunomodulatory role of soluble HLA class I molecules (sHLA-I) in all clinically available blood products and derivatives and recently we evaluated possible immunomodulatory effects following plasma-platelet apheresis donation procedures. We found that, following centrifugation-based apheresis, whole and/or re-folded sHLA-I bind to the apheresis circuit surfaces fabricated from synthetic polymers during therapeutic and donation procedures1–3. Monocytes and neutrophils, or CD8+ T lymphocytes and natural killer cells could bind sHLA-I molecules with immunoglobulin-like transcripts and CD8 membrane molecules, respectively. Accordingly, we showed that all these leucocytes, rolling into the circuits during the procedure, could bind sHLA-I molecules adsorbed to the circuits' polymers and thus become sensitive to the biological effects of sHLA-I, such as transcriptional/post-transcriptional modulation transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1)1–3. Finally, we have previously demonstrated that high dilutions of supernatants from stored red blood cells inhibit neutrophil migration. Such inhibitory activity was demonstrated to be due to the TGFβ1 contained in the supernatants, which is capable of desensitizing neutrophils to chemotactic stimulation4.

On this basis, it could be hypothesised that TGFβ1 modulation induced by plasma-platelet apheresis donation procedures may also inhibit neutrophil migration. To determine whether this is the case, samples of plasma were collected from three male donors before, and immediately, 7 and 14 days after the plasma and platelet donation procedure. Moreover, to highlight a potential unique mechanism in neutrophil locomotion inhibition following apheresis donation, we compared different plasma and/or platelet donation procedures and separators (Haemonetics PCS2, model 6002, Haemonetics MCS Plus version C [Haemonetics Corp., Baintree, MA, USA] and Trima Accel version 4.0 [Gambro BTC, Zaventem, Belgium])1,3.

Apheresis donor procedures were performed in accordance with the Italian law, in healthy donors fulfilling the criteria laid down by the Italian blood donation guidelines and Italian Society of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology (SIMTI) recommendations for apheresis donation. Informed consent was obtained from all the donors. Samples were obtained from each donor to perform a complete pre-procedure laboratory profile. In addition to biochemical and serological tests required by law, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, protein electrophoresis, fibrinogen and ferritin were also evaluated in order to further exclude any sub-clinical inflammatory disorder possibly causing leucocyte activation. Follow-up assessments were performed every 6 months up to 2 years, by physical examination, anamnestic evaluation and the same biochemical/serological tests done during the enrolment, as previously described1,3. Monoclonal antibodies and other reagents for research use were purchased from several renowned companies. The modified Boyden chamber migration assay was conducted using human neutrophils from different healthy volunteers isolated from heparinised venous blood and the cells were pre-incubated with chosen dilutions of plasma from donors (plasma dilution range from 1:1×104 to 1:1×105, data not shown). Cells were washed and neutrophil migration toward control medium or human recombinant CXCL8 was assessed in a 48-well micro-chemotaxis chamber as previously described4,5. Data are expressed as net migration.

The previous studies focused on sHLA-I-mediated immunomodulation following plasma-platelet apheresis donation procedures1,3, regardless of the type of donation procedure. The comparison between the different timings showed a noteworthy inhibition of neutrophil locomotion induced by plasma pre-treatment (also in comparison with matched non-pretreated controls, data not shown) which was consistently observed immediately the after plasma-platelet apheresis donation procedure. An evident and stable reversion to baseline levels was detectable 7 and 14 days after the procedure (Figure 1).

Figure 1

Immediately after plasma-platelet apheresis, the locomotion of neutrophils from healthy subjects was constantly induced by pre-treatment donor's plasma regardless of the type of donation procedure. An evident and stable reversion to baseline levels ...

In accordance with such short-lived immunomodulation, no enrolled subject experienced any adverse reaction during the procedures or showed any possible immunosuppression or viral, bacterial or neoplastic disease during 24 months of monitoring following the donations.

On the whole, our findings indicate that durable inhibition of neutrophil locomotion does not occur in healthy donors undergoing plasma-platelet apheresis donation. Completing previous studies focused on sHLA-I mediated immunomodulation following plasma-platelet apheresis donation procedures, this fact might further corroborate a conceivable "immunological" harmlessness of such procedures.


We used RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the expression of a gene encoding Bla g 1, a human allergen produced by the German cockroach, Blattella germanica L., to study its function in cockroach physiology. Females injected with 1 µg of double‐stranded RNA contained 64% less Bla g 1 protein and Bla g 1 mRNA abundance was reduced by 91.4% compared to sham‐injected females. Bla g 1 knockdown slowed the pace of weight gain, midgut growth, and colleterial gland and basal oocyte maturation, resulting in delayed egg case formation and lower fecundity. Exogenous juvenile hormone treatments rescued reproduction in RNAi‐treated females, suggesting that Bla g 1 silencing lowered endogenous juvenile hormone, probably by reducing food intake and nutrient absorption.


Since 1987, the New York University Alzheimer's Disease Center Caregiver Research Program has evaluated the benefits of a multifaceted, structured treatment program for spouse-caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). This intervention strategy for caregivers was based on the clinical experience of counselors who worked with families of AD patients both individually and in support groups for many years. The unifying theme of the intervention is that improving social support and mastery improves the ability of the caregiver to withstand the difficulties of caregiving. The intervention takes into account the diversity and variability in caregiver problems, and is not time limited.


Remote healthcare technologies allow for instant communication and data sharing in large volumes, assisting in decision-making challenges that arise due to insufficient data. With real-time monitoring capabilities, remote healthcare technologies provide an opportunity to capture a comprehensive view of patient behaviors and activities. These systems are especially advantageous in care management for chronic illnesses. For example, a diabetes patient typically sees their care provider 2 to 4 times per year. Thus, care providers must make medical decisions based on a patient's metrics at a given point in time without taking into account normal daily fluctuations in blood sugar levels. Despite recent research demonstrating the benefits of remote technologies, the healthcare sector has been slow to adopt these systems. Many enablers and barriers to the adoption of remote healthcare technologies exist. The unpredictable behaviors of human and technology interactions highlight some of the complexity within the healthcare system. Without a systems understanding of the complex interactions among the many enablers and barriers, there is little guarantee that the time, money, and effort used in the design of the system will result in an accepted and implementable solution. This paper discusses the need for a systems analysis of enablers and barriers of remote technology adoption in chronic illness management. Specifically, the paper will present an evaluation of healthcare as a socio-technical system and potential to lead to designs for remote health technologies that better address the complex behaviors characteristic of the health services system. © 2016 Ly, Igbinoba, Avnet, Alvarado, Lawley.


This letter reports a computational study of methane hydrogen abstraction (HAT) process by several nonheme high-valent iron(IV)-oxo model oxidants, in the quintet and triplet spin states, employing coupled-cluster (RCCSD(T)) and density functional theory (DFT) methods. The exchange-enhanced HAT reactivity of the quintet state found previously by B3LYP calculations is confirmed in this work by means of the RCCSD(T) calculations. In addition, we benchmark herein 29 functionals against the RCCSD(T) results. It is found that B3LYP gives very good triplet-state transition state (TS) geometries, while its quintet-state TS is early relative to RCCSD(T). TPSSh and M06L perform well in TS geometry optimization. However, all 29 tested DFT methods underestimate the quintet-state HAT barriers, and most of them underestimate the triplet-state HAT barriers as well. Although B3LYP, B3LYP-D, and TPSSh underestimate both quintet- and triplet-state barriers, their barriers, and quintet-triplet differences thereof, in a ser...


Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) have gained a lot of attention recently as a mode of converting organic matter into electricity. In this study, MFC that generates bioelectricity by biodegradation of fisheries wastewater is developed. This study also investigated the potential for bioelectricity production by paddy plant, in Plant Microbial Fuel Cells (PMFC). Three types of MFCs have been developed. They are namely dual chamber microbial fuel cell, double chamber paddy plant microbial fuel cell and single chamber paddy plant microbial fuel cell. Dual chamber microbial fuel cell and double chamber paddy plant microbial fuel cell setup along with preparation of salt bridge. The single chamber plant microbial fuel cell was developed without the separating membrane. Fisheries wastewater (especially squid ink) was used as substrate for generating bioelectricity. The effluent parameters such as BOD, COD, Nitrogen and Phosphorous were evaluated. Bioelectricity was monitored over a period of 60 days. The double chamber paddy plant microbial fuel cell shows better results in terms of bioelectricity generation as well as pollutant reduction. The peak voltage generated in double chamber paddy plant microbial fuel cell was around 194 mV across 1000 Ω on corresponding wastewater volume of 2.5 liter. The maximum power obtained was 37.636mW. Proportionately around 103 W of power can be produced from an overall wastewater volume of 7000 liter from the industry in weekly basis, which can be efficiently utilized for lightening the bulbs and other appliances in the treatment plant. The maximum COD removal efficiency achieved by double chamber paddy plant microbial fuel cell was 58% and the maximum BOD removal efficiency was 76%. Considerable reduction in the nitrogen and phosphorous concentration was also observed.


Vol. LXXI, No.2, April-June, 2010, pp.383-398 INDIAN IDEA OF KINGSHIP Susheel Kumar Sharma Vinod Kumar Singh Indian Idea of Kingship Presented in the paper has basically been derived from four Sanskrit canonical texts viz. Arthashastra, Manusmriti, Mahabharata, and Shukranitisara. The paper discusses the objectives of kingship, elements of the state, king's status, virtues, education, successtion, duties and categories. It also concentrates on the selection, qualities, and duties of the councillors and the ministers; and presents Indian ideas regarding laws and administration of justice, taxation, people's obligation and right, and foreign policy, in order to make these ideas more comprehensive they have been compared to and contrasted with those in the western tradition.


A 69-year old man presented with a 2-week history of back discomfort and fevers, having had bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement (AVR) for prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVE) 4-months ago. Past medical history included coronary artery bypass grafting in 2008, bioprosthetic AVR with root replacement for ascending aortic dissection in 2010, diabetes mellitus, and chronic renal impairment. In June 2016, he was admitted with Streptococcus mitis bacteraemia treated with 6 weeks of ceftriaxone. Transoesophageal echocardiography was negative for endocarditis and root abscess. In November 2016, the patient was admitted with heart failure secondary to new severe aortic regurgitation. Transoesophageal echocardiography showed dehiscence of the anterior leaflet of aortic valve prosthesis. Blood cultures were negative. He was commenced on vancomycin prior to re-do AVR and discharged on lifelong amoxycillin.


The first part of the paper presents the specific issues from the injection molding associated with the water content of the hygroscopic plastics (water adsorption, equilibrium moisture level, chemical affinity, hydrolysis) and recommendations regarding the drying of plastics for injection, the drying methods and defects specific to products injected due to the moisture content. The experimental results on the injection of a polyamide (AKULON) and of a thermoplastic polyurethane (DESMOPAN) presented in the second part of the paper are focused on the surface appearance fault "splay" associated with the different values of moisture content for these two materials, verify the value for the admitted moisture content for two hygroscopic materials, polyamide and thermoplastic polyurethane, and ends with conclusions on the residual humidity allowed and opinions on choosing the drying technology and parameters


Employee's motivation has a great importance for the future of the organization and achieving its goal. To provide good and services quality, it is important to develop strategies influencing staff motivation for better performance. The main task of management is to understand the motives of employees and pay attention to how individuals can be better motivated by means such as incentives, rewards, and leadership and ensure that individuals give consistent results with management's expectations.The study aimed to determine the major motivating factors and employees' job perception, attitudes and motivation. An exploratory quantitative research was carried out among employees in Private Colleges in India so as to identify entry points for developing strategies that improve staff performance in workplace. In this paper were interviewed Faculties and staffs of one of the college of NCR in India. The study showed that motivation is influenced by both financial and non-financial incentives. The main motivating factors for employees were salary, achievement, recognition, work conditions, work itself. The main discouraging factors were related to promotion and advancement, performance appraisal, interpersonal relation, insufficiency and unfairness of rewards. Activities associated with appreciation such as performance management are currently not optimally implemented, as employees perceive inequity in the allocation of rewards, not offered the opportunity of effective promotion and career advancement and performance appraisal as not useful. The kind of non-financial incentives identified should be taken into consideration when developing HRM strategies.


The case of Gen. Felix Maria Calleja y del Rey allows us to focus attention on a subject that has received little attention in the historiography of Latin America: the fortunes amassed by peace-seeking/repressive military officials during the civil wars or wars of liberation waged at the start of the nineteenth century. Although these individuals generally defended the interests of the Spanish Crown against its enemies, it did not prevent them from seeking personal benefits. Their behavior in the Americas was akin to that of true conquerors on a quest for war spoils.


The behavior, kinetics and model for oxidation of CaS at 730—970 ℃ under pressure of 0.1 MPa and 1 MPa were investigated using TG technique. The oxidation product was analyzed by XRD spectra. The results showed that CaSO 4 was the only product of oxidation of CaS. The conversion of CaS was enhanced by increasing pressure or temperature.The solid-solid reaction between CaS and CaSO 4 was suppressed under pressure. The activation energy for chemical control and diffusion control was 73.08 kJ·mol -1 and 137.3 kJ·mol -1 and the pre-exponential factor for them was 3.905×10 -5 and 0.1298 respectively. The oxidation rate of CaS was controlled by diffusion process.


The race between firms to acquire capacities worldwide has evolved in a chronological order which centered at first around products, then around position to move later on to skills and to focus currently on networks. Similarly, when observing the evolution of the different international development strategies, it was found out that they have started by the exportation and the setting up of production subsidiaries to move more recently to such strategies as mergers & acquisitions and international alliances. The present paper investigates the relationship between the internationalization strategies and logics and comes to the conclusion that, a particular logic is behind every choice made. Indeed, the present work was conducted within the Tunisian food enterprises and helped confirm this hypothesis as it was found out that the position logic is behind the choice of exportation and the creation of production subsidiaries while the choice of partnership is based on the logic of skills. The option for merger, on the other hand, is motivated by the networks logic.


Increasing competition (whether for-profit or nonprofit) is forcing businesses to pay much more attention to satisfying customers, including by providing strong customer service. It may help the reader to notice the role of customer service in the overall context of product or service development and management. Wal-Mart is a chain of retail stores operated by Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. an American public corporation, founded by Sam Walton in 1962, first incorporated on October 31, 1969, and listed on the New York Stock Exchange in 1972. Wal-Mart fist responsibility is to provide all consumers the best products and services with guaranteed satisfaction under one roof. Wal-Mart provides a wide array of products like toys, electronics, groceries, jewelry, ladies, men, and children"s apparel, and hard goods at reasonable prices. Wal-Mart's success is attributed to its ability to fulfilling the customer service needs of consumers, consequently, affect its sales performance.


In the framework of the European Project STEM4you(th) a course of astronomy consisting of 10 lessons has been designed for secondary school students. Methodologically the course is based on a combination of constructivism principles with the inquiry-based teaching and learning method. Students meet astronomy for the first time through their engagement in the STEM content approach. Astronomical concepts and scientific processes are taught using the storytelling technique and through STEM activities. The objectives focus on students' engagement in STEM activities, so they will become more creative and develop necessary skills for the competitive European labor market. The astronomy course and the developed material is available on the OLCMS (Open Learning Content Management System) platform, designed within the framework of the program, to make the material freely accessible to every user. In the present work the first results of the pilot phase of the program, which has been implemented in secondary schools in Greece, are discussed.In the framework of the European Project STEM4you(th) a course of astronomy consisting of 10 lessons has been designed for secondary school students. Methodologically the course is based on a combination of constructivism principles with the inquiry-based teaching and learning method. Students meet astronomy for the first time through their engagement in the STEM content approach. Astronomical concepts and scientific processes are taught using the storytelling technique and through STEM activities. The objectives focus on students' engagement in STEM activities, so they will become more creative and develop necessary skills for the competitive European labor market. The astronomy course and the developed material is available on the OLCMS (Open Learning Content Management System) platform, designed within the framework of the program, to make the material freely accessible to every user. In the present work the first results of the pilot phase of the program, which has been implemented in secondary school...


ences in the textural sensory attr y attr y attr y attr y attributes w ibutes w ibutes w ibutes w ibutes were denoted for the initial fir e denoted for the initial fir e denoted for the initial fir e denoted for the initial fir e denoted for the initial firmness and spr mness and spr mness and spr mness and spr mness and spreadability, with panel , with panel , with panel , with panel , with panel judging sunflower butter samples less spreadable and having a higher initial firmness. The panel rated sun- judging sunflower butter samples less spreadable and having a higher initial firmness. The panel rated sun- judging sunflower butter samples less spreadable and having a higher initial firmness. The panel rated sun- judging sunflower butter samples less spreadable and having a higher initial firmness. The panel rated sun- judging sunflower butter samples less spreadable and having a higher initial firmness. The panel rated sun- flo flo flo flower butters mor er butters mor er butters mor er butters mor er butters more adhesive at the 1st bite; ho e at the 1st bite; ho e at the 1st bite; ho e at the 1st bite; ho e at the 1st bite; howev


Aim:  Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood can impose a significant threat to life and longer‐term disability. This study investigated the extent to which the documentation of key indicators of healthcare quality in the emergency department (ED) setting was consistent with clinical guidelines for the management of children with mild TBI (MTBI).


We define a simple property on an infinite directed graph G and show that it is necessary and sufficient for the existence of a transient potential on the associated countable Markov shift.


Our goal in this work is to develop and validate a multivariate relation for the behavior of the water-oil-ratio (WOR) and/or water cut (f[]) functions, where this relation would incorporate the reservoir and fluid properties for both phases (oil and water). The only significant assumption that we make in this work is that pseudosteady-state flow conditions must exist in the entire reservoir system. Our proposed model is an extension of traditional (i.e., steady-state) methods for the case of pseudosteady-state flow - for both the oil and water phases. In this work, the pseudosteady-state model reproduces observed field performance substantially better than any of the steady-state models. We believe that this approach can be applied to any reservoir system undergoing waterflood. The specific tasks achieved in this work include: 1. Development of a rigorous model for the simultaneous flow of oil and water at pseudosteady-state flow conditions. This model has been validated against 28 different field cases (all cases are included in Appendices A and B), and in all cases, the new model gives an excellent representation of the data. 2. Development of a "reciprocal rate plot" for the estimation of both the original oil-in-place (N), as well as the "movable oil" (N[][]) at current producing conditions. This approach requires a plot of the reciprocal rate (1/q[]) versus the "oil material balance time," (N[]/q[]). 3. Development of a diagnostic technique for assessing (qualitatively) the efficiency/ effectiveness of a waterflood. This technique involves the use of the following log-log format plots: (the "associated functions" include the WOR-derivative, the WOR-integral, and the WOR-integral-derivative functions)  – WOR and WOR associated functions versus production time. WOR and WOR associated functions versus N[]/q[]. WOR and WOR associated functions versus (N[]+W[])/ (q[]+q[]). 4. Application/interpretation of the following extrapolation methods for the water-oil-ratio (WOR) and the water cut (f[]) functions: q[] versus N[]. log(f[]) versus N[]. 1/f[] versus N[]. f[] versus N[]. log(WOR) versus N[]. Unfortunately, the formulation of the two-phase (oil-water), pseudosteady-state flow relation does not provide for a simple extrapolation formula for the estimation of movable fluids. This is an area for further investigation.


Paleo-oil saturation is indicated by the amount of residual hydrocarbon in porosity as free oils and in diagenetic cement as fluid inclusions.The present analytical items include the amounts and composition of soluble organic matters or residual oils(via extraction,TLC-FID,HPLC),ROCK-EVAL,abundance of oil inclusions(Grains containing Oil Inclusion;GOI,Quantitative Grain Fluorescence,QGF),abundance of solid bitumen(Solid Bitumen Index,SBI),fluid inclusion stratigraphy(FIS).GOI and QGF techniques are used to identify paleo-oil leg,to delineate the paleo-oil water contact(POWC),to trace the remigration petroleum,and to confirm if there is oil charge event in the early stage of the gas accumulation or condensation reservoirs.GOI data is also allowed to identify the secondary oil-gas reservoirs,to find lower level oil-gas reservoirs,and to accurately constrain the charging model of oil-gas reservoirs.The case studies of the Yaha condensate field,the Yinnan 2 gas field in the Tarim basin are described to demonstrate how to actually apply the GOI method to identify paleo-oil reservoir and to constrain the charging model of oil-gas reservoirs in petroleum exploration.


On 5-7 April 1999 in Chicago, the Society for the Study of Social Problems (web http://web.utk.edu/~sssp; Myra Marx Ferree, Dept. of Sociology U-68, University of Connecticut, Storrs CT 06269-2068, USA; tel 1 860 486 4428; fax 1 860 486 -6356; email firstname.lastname@example.com) is organizing a conference on the theme _ &dquo;Citizenship in an era of globalization: Threats to and struggles for legal, political, social and cultural rights&dquo;. (new entry)


Guided wave second-harmonic (SH) generation can not be phase matched automatically by Cerenkov radiation scheme. There is still phase-matching condition to be satisfied in case of the SH generation in radiation mode of the waveguide. The phase matching condition is so critical that all the fundamental wave (the driving source), the generated SH wave, and the free SH wave multiply reflected and transmitted across the boundaries of the waveguide have to keep in phase. This kind of phase matching can be obtained by typical waveguide technique, i.e. to change the boundary condition. With the unsymmetrical slab waveguide scheme, phase matching can be achieved by simply changing the cover material with different index. The formula is given.


An audiofrequency (8.5 kHz) cantilever resonator with an extremely low background internal friction (Q-1≈2×10-8) at liquid helium temperatures has been developed. Above 30 K, the Q of the resonator is dominated by thermoelastic loss; Q-1 is nearly exactly described by Zener's formula for thermoelastic damping. Below 30 K, Q-1 decreases monotonically with decreasing temperature, reaching a typical baseline of Q-1=1.5×10-8 at 400 mK.


Meshing force model of a misaligned spline coupling was derived,dynamic equation of a rotor system considering influence of misaligned spline coupling was established based on finite element analysis.The influence of the meshing force on the rotor-spline coupling system was simulated with numerical integration method.Theoretical analysis and simulation results showed that meshing force of a spline coupling is related to its structural parameters,transmitted torque,static misalignment,dynamic vibration displacement,and so on;stiffness of a coupling is not a constant,it relates to dynamic vibration displacement and depends on static misalignment.Dynamic behavior of a rotor-spline coupling system revealed that 1X-rotating speed is the main frequency of the system response when there is no misalignment;while 2X-rotating speed appears with some misalignment;moreover,when misalignment increase,the shaft center orbit deviates the origin and magnitudes of all frequency components arise,the system vibration becomes complex.This research results can provide a reference for trouble-shooting of rotor systems connected with spline coupling.


Wormhole attack is a serious threat against MANET (mobile ad hoc network) and its routing protocols. A new approach—tunnel key node identification (TKNI) was proposed. Based on tunnel-key-node identification and priority-based route discovery, TKNI can rapidly rebuild the communications that have been blocked by wormhole attack. Compared to previous approaches, the proposed approach aims at both static and dynamic topology environment, involves addressing visible and invisible wormhole attack modes, requires no extra hardware, has a low overhead, and can be easily applied to MANET.


The thermodynamics of Ti, N, and O in liquid iron was studied in order to establish a database to predict the TiN and TiOx formation in liquid steels as a function of temperature. The interaction parameters between Ti, N, and O in liquid iron and the equilibrium constants for the formation of TiN, Ti2O3, and Ti3O5 in liquid iron were determined as a function of temperature.


This paper presents an algorithm of blind identification and equalization of finite-impulse-response and multiple-input and multiple-output (FIR MIMO) channels driven by colored signals. This algorithm is an improved realization of a concept referred to as blind identification via decorrelating subchannels (BIDS). This BIDS algorithm first constructs a set of decorrelators which decorrelate the output signals of subchannels, and then estimates the channel matrix using the transfer functions of the decorrelators, and finally recovers the input signals using the estimated channel matrix. This BIDS algorithm in general assumes that the channel matrix is irreducible and the input signals are mutually uncorrelated and of sufficiently diverse power spectra. However, for channel matrix identification, this BIDS algorithm only requires the channel matrix to be nonsingular (ie, full rank almost everywhere as opposed to everywhere) and column-wise coprime. Such a channel matrix may have zeros and be of non-minimum phase.


Methyl-diphenylmethyldichloramin is a new compound recently synthesized by Neff in some work he is doing in the study of a molecular rearrangement under the direction of Julius Stieglitz. To avoid the cumbersome chemical name of the compound we will call it dichloramin-M. This substance is of interest not only because of its skin-irritating properties, but also on account of its relation to Dakin's dichloramin-T. In naming dichloramin-M, we have followed Dakin's analogy; M for methyl, T for toluene. 1 Dichloramin-M is a white crystalline substance; insoluble in water; soluble in ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, chloroform, carbontetrachlorid and benzene; difficultly soluble in absolute alcohol, 95 per cent., and ligroin. The chlorin atoms are both electropositive, as in hypochlorites, and the compound may therefore be considered as a substituted amid of hypochlorous acid. When hydrogen is substituted for chlorin, in chloramin-M, the original amin, methyl-diphenyl methylamin, is formed. The amin is slightly


Summary. Medical education needs to reflect the rapid development of community‐based health care, particularly in the area of mental health. 'Mental health in the community' is a week‐long collaborative course organized through the Department of General Practice at Liverpool University for first‐year clinical medical students. It aims to introduce them to the range of mental health problems that exists in the community and the resources available to deal with them; to improve their counselling skills and to reduce their anxiety about mental health, both their own and other people's. The paper describes the wide variety of teaching methods and visits which are offered during the week. The course is evaluated using the method developed by Stake. Although there are some problems with student participation, 'Mental health in the community' has a significant positive overall effect on students' knowledge and anxiety levels with regard to mental health. It is making a contribution to the reorientation of medical education in Liverpool.


This paper examines three different contexts of incorporation of immigrants from Albania and Bulgaria in the Greek city of Thessaloniki: (a) at the socio-political level, focusing on the polity's and civil-society's "responses" to immigration; (b) at the socio-economic level, discussing the labour market integration of immigrants in Thessaloniki; (c) at the socio-spatial level, regarding the relation between immigration and urban dynamics. Within the transnational space that is being formed in the Balkans, Thessaloniki seems to have become a new home for migrants from Balkan countries. However, immigrants' lives in the city are determined by the socio-spatial and economic urban dynamics, which are subject to international forces of restructuring and change.


The analysis of cosmological galaxy surveys requires realistic simulations for their interpretation. Forward modelling is a powerful method to simulate galaxy clustering without the need for an underlying complex model. This approach requires fast cosmological simulations with a high resolution and large volume, to resolve small dark matter halos associated to single galaxies. In this work, we present fast halo and subhalo clustering simulations based on the Lagrangian perturbation theory code PINOCCHIO, which generates halos and merger trees. The subhalo progenitors are extracted from the merger history and the survival of subhalos is modelled. We introduce a new fitting function for the subhalo merger time, which includes a redshift dependence of the fitting parameters. The spatial distribution of subhalos within their hosts is modelled using a number density profile. We compare our simulations with the halo finder ROCKSTAR applied to the full N-body code GADGET-2. The subhalo velocity function and the correlation function of halos and subhalos are in good agreement. We investigate the effect of the chosen number density profile on the resulting subhalo clustering. Our simulation is approximate yet realistic and significantly faster compared to a full N-body simulation combined with a halo finder. The fast halo and subhalo clustering simulations offer good prospects for galaxy forward models using subhalo abundance matching.


The present invention addresses the problem of providing: an electrolytic aluminum foil in which there is not a large difference in the characteristics of one surface and the other surface thereof; and a production method for the electrolytic aluminum foil. The present invention also addresses the problem of providing a collector for a power storage device, an electrode for a power storage device, and a power storage device that use the electrolytic aluminum foil. As a means of solving these problems, the electrolytic aluminum foil of the present invention is characterized in that the L* values of both surfaces of the foil in the L*a*b* color space (SCI method) are 86.00 or more. The electrolytic aluminum foil can be produced, for example, by: using a method in which an electrolytic aluminum foil is produced by applying an electrical current between a cathode drum that is partially immersed in a plating solution and an anode plate that is immersed in the plating solution in order to form an aluminum coating film on the surface of the cathode drum, then peeling the aluminum coating film from the cathode drum as said aluminum coating film gradually rises from the solution surface as a result of rotation of the cathode drum; and controlling so that the dew point of the treatment atmosphere is -50.0 DEG C or less when obtaining the electrolytic aluminum foil by peeling the aluminum coating film from the cathode drum.


. The growth of tourism has correspondingly promoted the economic growth of China and promoted the growth of a series of industries related to tourism. The effective management of tourism resource information is an urgent problem to be solved at present. Traditional tourism information management adopts two-dimensional spatial data, which can no longer meet the needs of tourism development and tourists. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish 3D visual tourism scenes. As an information-intensive industry, virtual tourism based on virtual reality (VR) can not only improve the information level of the whole industry, but also promote the protection of natural and human tourism resources. This article takes experience as the path to study the emotional transformation mechanism of tourism interactive products, explores the deep features of product images with deep learning (DL) algorithm, and introduces interactive experience thinking into the research of tourism interactive product design, aiming at improving the interactive experience of tourism interactive products and expanding the research scope of computer-aided design (CAD). This method can give designers great help to specific problems, but only one method is adopted, which can only support a certain type of innovation. With the deepening of the research on innovation, the innovation problems are classified and classified, and appropriate strategies are adopted respectively.


Significance The endosomal system is a network of organelles that play key roles in nutrient uptake, protein and lipid sorting, and signal transduction. Integral membrane proteins are delivered to endosomes via trafficking from the plasma membrane and the secretory pathway, and many of these proteins are then returned from the endosome for reuse. The selection and packaging of many integral membrane proteins into transport carriers that export cargo from the endosome requires a protein complex called "retromer," whose function protects organisms from metabolic defects, Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy 2B, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. We elucidate the minimal requirements for targeting of retromer to the endosome membrane and show that this mechanism facilitates retromer recognition of a cargo protein. Retromer is an evolutionarily conserved protein complex composed of the VPS26, VPS29, and VPS35 proteins that selects and packages cargo proteins into transport carriers that export cargo from the endosome. The mechanisms by which retromer is recruited to the endosome and captures cargo are unknown. We show that membrane recruitment of retromer is mediated by bivalent recognition of an effector of PI3K, SNX3, and the RAB7A GTPase, by the VPS35 retromer subunit. These bivalent interactions prime retromer to capture integral membrane cargo, which enhances membrane association of retromer and initiates cargo sorting. The role of RAB7A is severely impaired by a mutation, K157N, that causes Charcot–Marie–Tooth neuropathy 2B. The results elucidate minimal requirements for retromer assembly on the endosome membrane and reveal how PI3K and RAB signaling are coupled to initiate retromer-mediated cargo export.


This paper provides a perspective on Nigeria's global economic position and integration into the world economy. While other emerging market economies have benefited from globalization, there is concern that African countries continue to be marginalized. Among African countries, Nigeria is one of two major countries with strong potential to harness the opportunities and meet the challenges that the global economy could provide. Nigeria has the largest population in the continent and has been growing rapidly, due in part to gains from economic reforms and rising prices of oil. However, Nigeria's integration into the global economy has been below potential. While it has improved its global rankings on indicators of competitiveness, business climate, and productivity in the past five years, it still ranks below most of its peer group on these indicators. It is among the poorest countries in the world in terms of social indicators despite oil wealth. Further integration into the global economy would require sustained policy reforms, improved governance, and public-private investments in social, human, and physical infrastructure.


The substantive provisions of the employee protections requirement as specified under Section 13c of the Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964, as amended, are presented. Application of the employee protections to the program in areas other than urbanized areas (Section 18 of the act) with respect to the Section 13c warranty and waiver provisions, both of which were specially designed for the Section 18 program, is discussed, and insights into the formulation and procedural and substantive aspects of the warranty and waiver provisions are also provided. Forms of technical assistance concerning the protective requirements under the Section 18 program are indicated. (Author)


Let $M$ be an $m (\ge2)$-dimensional closed orientable submanifold in an $n$-dimensional complete simply-connected Riemannian manifold $N$, where the sectional curvature of $N$ is bounded above by $\delta$. When $\delta<0$, inspired by Niu-Xu (arXiv:2106.01912), we give new upper bounds for the first nonzero eigenvalues of the $p$-Laplacian and the $L_T$ operator, respectively. These generalize Niu-Xu's work for the Laplacian (arXiv:2106.01912) and improve the estimates due to Chen (Nonlinear Anal.,196, 111833, 2020) for the $p$-Laplacian and Grosjean (Hokkaido Math. J., 33(2) , 319-339, 2004) for the $L_T$ operator, respectively. We also obtain several Reilly-type inequalities for the weighted manifolds and some boundary value problems.


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The objectives of this study were to find out whether or not there was a significant improvement before and after the treatment on the eleventh grade students" reading comprehension scores at one Islamic senior high school in Palembang by using Subtext strategy and to find out whether or not there was a significant difference on the eleventh grade students" reading comprehension scores between the students who were taught by using Subtext Strategy and those who were not. In this study, Quasi Experimental Design using pretest-posttest nonequivalent groups design was used. There were 60 students taken as sample. Each class consisted of 30 students from class XI IPS 2 as control group and class XI IPS 3 as experimental group. In collecting the data, reading comprehension test was used. The test was given twice to both experimental and control groups, as a pretest and posttest. To verify the hypotheses, the data of pretest and posttest were analyzed by using independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test in SPSS program. The findings showed that the p-output from paired sample t-test (sig2-tailed) was 0.000 which was lower than 0.05 and t-value 11.399 was higher than t-table with df=29 (2.0452). The result of p-output from independent sample t-test was 0.001 which was lower than 0.05, and the t-value 3.465 was higher than t-table with df=58 (2.0017). It means that teaching reading narrative text by using Subtext strategy had significant effect on the students" reading comprehension scores.


To alleviate the high cost of hardware in mm-wave systems, hybrid analog/digital precoding is typically employed. In the conventional two-stage feedback scheme, the analog beamformer is determined by beam search and feedback to maximize the desired signal power of each user. The digital precoder is designed based on quantization and feedback of effective channel to mitigate multiuser interference. Alternatively, we propose a one-stage feedback scheme, which effectively reduces the complexity of the signalling and feedback procedure. Specifically, the second-order channel statistics are leveraged to design digital precoder for interference mitigation while all feedback overhead is reserved for precise analog beamforming. Under a fixed total feedback constraint, we investigate the conditions under which the one-stage feedback scheme outperforms the conventional two-stage counterpart. Moreover, a rate splitting (RS) transmission strategy is introduced to further tackle the multiuser interference and enhance the rate performance. Consider: 1) RS precoded by the one-stage feedback scheme and 2) conventional transmission strategy precoded by the two-stage scheme with the same first-stage feedback as 1) and also certain amount of extra second-stage feedback. We show that 1) can achieve a sum rate comparable to that of 2). Hence, RS enables remarkable saving in the second-stage training and feedback overhead.


— Time evolution of the isotropic electron distribution function while heating for the nonlinear kinetic equation with the Landau-Fokker-Planck collisional integral is studied. The considered heating sources are mono kinetic distribution, hot ions, and a quasi-linear diffusion operator. The investigation is mainly concentrated on the formation of the distribution function and tail acceleration. The time-dependent solutions allowing the solutions in self-similar variables are examined. Also presented are analytical asymptotic solutions and comparison them with numerical results.


The main objective of the current study is to evaluate the level and overload of serum ferritin in multi-transfused beta Thalassemia major patients. There is an earnest need to defend the chelation treatment and to make mindfulness about the results of serum ferritin in the patients beta Thalassemia major. This is a Cross sectional analytical study performed in Fatimid foundation Hayatabad, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Those patients who has beta thalassemia major are included in this study. In this study there are total 108 patients in which 54 males and 54 females. The highest mean of serum ferritin level in the category of male was in the age of 12 years were finds 8160.5 ng/mL. Among the female the highest mean of ferritin level was in the age of 17 years were finds 13,349.5 ng/mL. In this study majority of patient's revealed much high levels of serum ferritin. These levels reveal insufficient chelation. Appropriate chelation of iron load can improve the quality of the life of these patients. The low level of education, Poverty problems, and insufficient health care facility of are the main obstacle in the effective management of ferritin overload in thalassemia patients.


Objective:To detect the efficacy and safety of venlafaxine and proxetine in the treatment of depression comorbid with anxiety.Method:73 patients with anxiety and depression were divided randomly into two groups(35 cases in study group;38 cases in control group).The study group was taken venlafaxine,and the control group was taken paroxitine.They were observed for 8 weeks.Hamilton depression scale(HAMD),Hamilton anxiety scale(HAMA)and treatment emergent symptoms scale(TESS)were used to evaluate the efficacies and side effects.Results:After 8 weeks treatment,study group showed improvement rate for depression and for anxiety which was similar to in control group(χ2=0.69,0.90;P0.05).The two groups showed significant decreases on HAMD and HAMA scores(P0.05 or P0.01)and light side effects.Conclusion:Venlafaxine and paroxitine have definite efficacy and safety for combined anxiety and depression with better patients' compliance.


The paper presents the numerical simulation of natural convection heat transfer of Al2O3 nanoparticle enhanced N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis{trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl} imide ([C4mpyrr][NTf2]) ionic liquid. The simulation was performed in three different enclosures (aspect ratio: 0.5, 1, and 1.5) with heated from below. The temperature dependent thermophysical properties of base ionic liquids (ILs) and nanoparticle enhanced ionic liquids (NEILs) were applied in the numerical simulation. The numerical results were compared with the experimental result. The numerical results show that at a certain Rayleigh number NEILs has a lower Nusselt number compared to the base IL which are consistent with the experimental results. But the percentage of degradation is much less on the numerical results compared to the experimental. However the numerical results match well with the predicted model of using thermophysical properties of NEILs. From these observations it can be concluded that the extra degradation in the...


Disclosed is a method and apparatus for determining the effectiveness of a currently performed renal replacement treatment on the dialysis side by using a dialysis machine, which is operated in a first step in a hemodialysis or Hamodiaflitrationsprozess and is switched sequentially in a Hamofiltrationsprozess in a second step, in which outputs in accordance with a third step, a dialysis side downstream a dialyzer sensor for determining or measuring the concentration at least of uremic toxins in the ultrafiltrate corresponding measurement signals to a calculation or determination unit, which are representative of the actual concentration at least of uremic toxins in the blood.


Firstly this paper puts forward the demand for high magnetic field power supply, which is highly stable and programmable. Then the key points which affect the stability of the voltage reference are concluded in this paper. According to these factors hard-ware design and software design are given for the system and its components. The test proves that output voltage of the converter is increased with a set ramp rate by the program and good stability appears over an 8 h period of time under the strict control of temperature with the voltage set point fixed.


Varda's most overtly feminist film, One Sings, the Other Doesn't follows the friendship of two very different women over the course of two decades. This paper is going to analyze the narrative structure of the film from the perspective of feminism, applying Beauvoir's feminist theory and Shendan's theory of "implicit process" to the characters of Pauline and Suzanne; Meanwhile, the paper is going to relate the film to the background of Varda's creation with the analysis of Varda's creation of women. As a feminist, Varda's protests are never silent. The "hidden process" that exists underneath the surface, superficial and straightforward narrative content is more worthy of attention and analysis.


In this article, an amorphous ternary AlBN dielectric passivation layer is proposed for GaN/AlGaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The source–gate–drain access regions with both AlBN and AlN amorphous dielectric films deposited by pulsed laser deposition are investigated to understand their effects on the device performance. Compared with the AlN-passivated HEMTs, the electrical characteristics of AlBN-passivated HEMTs are significantly improved with the same passivation layer thickness. An increase in maximum drain saturation current of AlBN-passivated HEMTs is ∼19.74% at Vgs = 2 V, and the corresponding peak extrinsic transconductance is improved by 38.08% at Vgs = −2 V and Vds = 2 V. Such excellent properties are ascribed to large surface potential change, due to the effect of boron dopants on AlBN films.


The souvenir is an important tourism product, a sign of the experience lived by the visitor during their stay at the destination. However, these objects are losing their authenticity, being influenced by phenomena modern and postmodern, as industrialization and globalization. Thus, the present study is problematic central question of how the homogenization of souvenir is affecting the local community of the destinations receptors. For this, we performed a historical overview that highlights the periods of modernity and postmodernity, highlighting the discussions about consumption and trajectory for tourism phenomenon over time. We sought to further discuss about the different meanings attributed to the souvenir by different social actors involved in this exchange ratio generated by the product. Thus, we suggest some possible causes of standardization of these objects sold to tourists and consequences generated for the local community. As a practical example of the theoretical approached, we present the results obtained from field research conducted in the city of Paraty, in which semi-structured interviews were conducted with the subjects involved in the production and / or sale of souvenirs and tourists. From this, we could see the relevance of souvenirs in the social, economic and cultural as well as an important part of the tourism system in the place.


From the viewpoint of kinematics, a type of 3 degrees of freedom (dofs) UPS/3RPaPaR overconstrained parallel mechanism (Pa means the hinged 4R parallelogram) with pure translational motion is presented for the development of automatic assembly devices or as a regional structure in the hybrid parallel platform. In the beginning, the formation & mobility are elucidated and the 4×4 transformation matrix & the D-H notation with specific geometric constraints verify the pure translational motion. The forward and inverse kinematic analyses are then established in the analytical closed-form through the matrix method. Besides, we take a numerical illustration for the confirmation of correctness of the derived equations. The determination of workspace is also attained by the intersection of volumes swept by each limb. In addition, the Jacobian matrix and its condition number indicated by Euclidean norm as a function of design parameters are further achieved. Finally, the singularity analysis of the configuration based on the direct and inverse kinematic J -matrix during the movement is identified in detail.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


China and Africa have become culturally closer as the relationship and economic endowment between both sides are growing in leaps and bounds. The martial arts culture can provide a new outlook to deepen the China-Africa cultural understanding as well as to open new windows for other cultures to better connect with Chinese and African people. In this regard, this paper looks into the African and Chinese conceptions of martial arts cultures from historical and traditional perspectives. In fact, the trinity made of "Combat+Spirituality+Dance" that constitutes the core values of African Martial Arts is investigated. In addition, some explanatory examples such as Engolo , Dambe , Laamb , Donga, Zulu Stick Fighting etc., still practiced in Africa today and that show the uniqueness of the African martial arts culture are displayed. Moreover, the Chinese concept of Wushu which has its own unique core philosophy rooted in Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism is examined. These cultural complexes of knowledge, beliefs and practices created by the histories of China and Africa have set up avenues for new possibilities to boost the China-Africa cultural exchange agenda and deepen the mutual understanding between both sides. Keywords: African Martial Arts; Chinese Wushu; Cultural Understanding; Martial Arts Culture;


In order to study the influence of ground conditions on the continuous firing vibration response of typical machine gun, and find out under which conditions the machine gun is most stable. A high-speed photography method was used to measure the motion of multiple parts. The motion curve of each part in the shooting process are obtained, and the projectile dispersion are recorded. According to the results, the motion characteristics of each part is analyzed. The pitching and translational quasi-periodic motions of the whole gun under different ground conditions are compared by synthesizing the motion data of various parts. The working modes of gun tripod under different ground conditions are discussed, and are compared according to the corresponding projectile dispersion. The result show that, in quasi-periodic pitching motion, the upward pitching motion response of the gun under the condition of cement ground is large, the ability to restore the initial position is poor, and the corresponding vertical dispersion is the worst. Under the soil condition, the upward and downward pitching motion cycle of the gun is relatively stable, the ability to restore the initial position is strong, and the corresponding vertical dispersion is the best. In terms of quasi-periodic translational motion, the translational motion of the gun mount under the cement ground is the biggest, and the corresponding horizontal dispersion is also the biggest. Under the soil ground condition, the translational motion is the smallest, and the corresponding horizontal dispersion is also the smallest.


The purpose of this study was to consider the swimming class for the deaf students from the points of water safety and survival swimming. The subjects in this study were 140 college students aged 18 to 22. They were all hearing impaired.The degrees of concern about water safety and self-judgment of their swimming performance were investigated.The results were as follows:1) Over 70% of the subjects were confident of their swimming performance.2) The order of stroke acquisition were crawl (90.8%), breast (79.4%), back (32.7%), and butterfly (24.1%). This suggested that crawl is considered the most important stroke and instructed at first in Japan.3) Nobody had experience of learning water safety, and almost every students had poor information about it. The students with hearing impairment could not have adequate image for the swimming with clothes. And they could not have proper information on the case of emergency.It is concluded that extending their knowledge of the water safety and improving their swimming skills are necessary for prevention of water accidents and self-protection.


The world faces significant eco-challenges (climate change, scarcity of raw materials, energy efficiency, pollutant reduction, cutting noise emissions) that will play a central role in the further development of existing energy conservation processes. These issues must also be taken into account when developing future drive systems for public transport vehicles and especially for bus drive systems


According to Mr. Zhang Shaolan's view of generating context of "vocational education",the pursuit of value and the question of the practice path selection of the proposition,this paper makes a theoretical response. The proposition of occupation humanities educations has its necessity and possibility. In the view of perfect angle,occupation of humanistic education should be an inner meaning of occupation education,but because of the theory and practice path lack of the top- level design. So we must reshape and highlight the original meaning of the humanistic education. This paper aims to reconstruct the vocational education,its aim to highlight the humanistic spirit to cultivate "men"as its value pursuit. It is a kind of existence education,quality education and ecological education. To practice the humanistic education occupation,we must start from the top- level design,occupation education curriculum design and teaching design to carry on the theoretical paradigm transformation and infiltration.