The application of aviation as the main mobile firepower in achieving the objectives of military operations today is obvious and necessary. In solving a number of important tasks for aviation in practice, it is necessary to be able to assess the effectiveness of the aviation group. The effectiveness of aviation application depends on a number of factors, most of which are unmanageable. Therefore, the authors chose the level of flight crew readiness in the study as the main factor that can be influenced by taking into account the indicators of crew readiness and their subsequent appointment on missions with different levels of complexity. In the article, the authors analyzed the indicators that affect the readiness of the flight crew, which make up the specifics of a particular task. Qualitative indicators of the level of readiness and their compliance with the complexity of the relevant missions are determined. Quantitative values of qualitative indicators of the level of crew readiness were also obtained. The article proposes a method of determining the readiness level of the flight crew, taking into account: the total flight hours, the flight hours for 12 months, the flight hours of personal improvement, breaks in flights and the age of a pilot. The methodology considered in the article could increase the efficiency of fighter aviation application by reducing the time for the commander in the decision-making process and the exclusion of the subjective approach in the decision-making process. An algorithm for methodology for determining the level of crew readiness has been developed. The algorithm of this technique is implemented by the software package MATLAB: Simulink and Fuzzy Logic Designer.


Objective:To investigate the effect of acupoint Shuigou(GV26)and the point side of Shuigou on inhibiting the neuronal necrosis of hippocampus induced by the middle cerebral artery obstruction(MCAO)in rats.Methods:Seventy-two adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group,false-operation group,model group,none-acupuncture group,Shuigou-acupuncture group and side of Shuigou-acupuncture group,and 12 rats in each group.There were 4 groups established into the model of MCAO except normal group and false-operation group.Shuigou-acupuncture group and side of Shuigou-acupuncture group were needled with 2times/s for 5s respectively.Its effect was estimated by neurological behavior,cerebral blood flow,the rat of cerebral infarction area and the rat of neuronal necrosis of hippocampus.Results:Comparing with the side of Shuigou-acupuncture group and non-acupuncture group,Shuigou-acupuncture group was significantly increased on the neurological behavior and cerebral blood flow(P0.05),decreased on the cerebral infarction area and the neuronal necrosis of hippocampus(P0.05).There was no significant difference between non-acupuncture group and side of Shuigou-acupuncture group.Conclusion:Needling Shuigou(GV26)could inhibit the neuronal necrosis,but needling side of Shuigou could not.


In this paper, a novel dual disturbance observer based control (DOBC) method is presented to achieve unknown-periodic disturbance rejection of the nano-positioning stages with output delays. In the control structure, an auxiliary observer is employed to extract the state of the disturbance, while a key information observer is developed to estimate the disturbance frequency. To stabilize the augmented system, a feedback controller is further designed, where sufficient stability conditions are derived though Lyapunov-Krasovskii functions. Simulations and real time experiments on a piezoelectric-actuated nano-positioning stage with output delay are conducted, where the disturbance frequency is well predicted for the purpose of cancellation.


Endoglucanase is one of the important industrial enzymes that can be produced from various microorganisms. Aspergillus sydowii is a thermophillic fungus that was utilized for the production of endoglucanase. Present study aimed to optimize different culture conditions; temperature, incubation period, pH, moisture level and inoculum size, for maximum enzyme production using agricultural wastes. Three substrates, corn cobs, sugarcane bagasse and rice straw were used in this study. Maximum endoglucanase production was observed from corn cobs, with enzyme activity of 2.01 IU/mL/min after 96 hrs of incubation at 70% moisture level (2.71 IU/mL/min), temperature 55�C (2.98 IU/mL/min) and pH 5.5 (IU/mL/min) and 3mL inoculum size (3.15 IU/mL/min). Sugarcane bagasse and rice straw found to be poor sources with enzyme activity 1.87 IU/mL/min and 1.99 IU/mL/min respectively.


Objective To investigate the usability of endoscopic power-assisted adenoidec-
tomy with the RAD enoid Blade through the route of oral cavity. Methods Twenty-seven pa-
tients with adenoid vegetation were included in this study and they were all undergone the opera-
tion of endoscopic power-assisted adenoidectomy with general anesthesia from Apr. to Dec,
2002. Thereafter, they were all followed up for 4~6 months to evaluate the clinical usability of
this procedure. Results This procedure was safe for the patients, qick and easy to operate and
effective for the treatment of this lesion. Moreover, some other accompanying troubles with this
lesion could be resolved at the same time during this procedure. Conclusions This procedure is
safe, effective, simple and easy to operate in clinical practice. Therefore, it is worthy to put it in-
to practical use in a nlarger range in clinic.


This paper is entitled "Analyzing Clause by Halliday's Transitivity System". The purpose of the paper is to acquire a clear description of the transitivity system that functions as one of the clause analysis methods in an ideational function of language. Halliday's transitivity system is a system that develops old conception about transitivity, so whether a verb takes or does not take a direct object is not a prime consideration. There are three components of what Halliday calls a "transitivity process", namely: the process itself, participants in the process, and circumstances associated with the process. Then, Halliday also divides the system of transitivity or process types into six processes, namely: material, mental, relational, behavioral, verbal, and existential. The analysis will be performed in accordance with the theories put forward by M.A.K Halliday in some of his books, especially An Introduction to Functional Grammar. The result of the paper shows that the transitivity system can analyze clauses effectively, and also the system can solve the problem of reference personal in contexts of potential ambiguity. Muhammad Rayhan Bustam Analyzing Clause By Halliday's Transitivity System 23 I. BACKGROUND According to Halliday (1985a), there are three major functions of language, namely: the ideational, the textual, and the interpersonal. The ideational function is the use of language to express content and to communicate information. Where content is the focus, the emphasis will be on transferring information clearly and effectively so that it can be comprehended quickly and easily. The ideational function involves two main systems, namely: transitivity and ergativity. The other two functions of language are the textual and the interpersonal. The textual function is the use of language to signify discourse. Here, language becomes text, is related to itself and to its contexts of use, including the preceding and following text, and the context of situation. The textual can be classified into two structures, namely: thematic structure (theme and rheme) and Information structure (NEW and GIVEN). The interpersonal function is the use of language to establish and maintain social relations. This function involves modalities so that it is related to modus system. The system is signified by two main elements, namely: mood and residue. In this paper, however the writer will analyze about the transitivity, so only about the transitivity that can be explained more detail. Traditionally, transitivity is normally understood as the grammatical feature, which indicates if a verb takes a direct object; and we know some of the terms below: a. If the verb takes a direct object, then it is described as transitive, and b. It is called intransitive if it does not; c. An extension of this concept is the ditransitive verb, which takes both a direct and an indirect object. Halliday, however, found the new concept of transitivity. The new concept represents a further development of the old concept. In Halliday's conception in his Introduction to Functional Grammar, whether a verb takes or does not take a direct object is not a prime consideration. There are three components of what Halliday calls a "transitivity process", namely: a. The process itself, b. Participants in the process; and Jurnal Ilmu Sastra Vol. 6 No.1, Mei 2011. Hal 22-34 24 c. Circumstances associated with the process Then, Halliday divides the system of transitivity or process types into six processes, namely: material, mental, relational, behavioral, verbal, and existential. In connection with the transitivity, let us see the definition of clause below: "A clause in English is the simultaneous realization of ideational, interpersonal and textual meanings." (Halliday, 1981: 42) "A clause is the product of three simultaneous semantic processes. It is at one and the same time a representation of experience (ideational), an interactive exchange (interpersonal), and a message (textual) (Halliday, 1985: 53) From the quotations above, we can conclude that a clause has a close relation to the ideational (both of the function and the meaning), so that absolutely a clause also can be related to the transitivity. The relation in here is we can analyze a clause by the transitivity system or what Halliday calls as analyzing the meaning of clause as representation. II. THEORETICAL REVIEW According to Halliday (1985a), if we talk about grammar in English, there are three kinds of grammar, namely: 'theme is the grammar of discourse', and 'mood is the grammar of speech function', then 'transitivity is the grammar of experience.' Halliday (1981) also defines transitivity as 'the grammar of the clause' as 'a structural unit' for 'expressing a particular range of ideational meanings'. Halliday also tells that : This domain is 'the cornerstone of the semantic organization of experience'; it subsumes 'all participant functions' and 'all experiential functions relevant to the syntax of the clause' (Halliday, 1981: 134) From the quotation above, it is clearly that a clause can be analyzed by the transitivity. The transitivity can make a clause more Muhammad Rayhan Bustam Analyzing Clause By Halliday's Transitivity System 25 understandable because the reader will know the specific process in the clause. In the transitivity system, there are six types of process, namely: material, mental, relational, verbal, existential, and behavioral. We can see the processes at the table below: Process type Category Meaning Participants material: action event 'doing' 'doing' 'happening' Actor, Goal behavioral 'behaving' Behaver mental: perception affection cognition 'sensing' 'seeing' 'feeling' 'thinking' Senser, Phenomenon Verbal 'saying' Sayer, Target relational: attribution identification 'being' 'attributing' 'identifying' Token, Value Carrier, Attribute Identified, Identifier Existential 'existing' Existent (Halliday, 1985: 131) Next explanation is more detail explanation about the transitivity from the book 'An Introduction to Functional Grammar' in chapter 5, Halliday (1985b): A. Material Processes: processes of doing Material processes are processes of 'doing'. They express the notion that some entity 'does' something – which may be done 'to' some other entity. In the material processes, there are two participants role, namely: actor and goal, for example: The lion caught the tourist Actor Process Goal Jurnal Ilmu Sastra Vol. 6 No.1, Mei 2011. Hal 22-34 26 B. Mental Processes: processes of sensing 1. Perception (seeing, hearing, etc.) 2. Affection (liking, fearing, etc.) 3. Cognition (thinking, knowing, understanding, etc.) In the mental processes, there are two participants, namely: senser (the conscious being that is feeling, thinking, or seeing) and phenomenon (which is 'sensed' – felt, thought or seen). Let's see the example below: I believe you Senser Process: cognition Phenomenon C. Relational processes: processes of being There are three types of relational process in the clause, namely: 1. Intensive 'x is a' (establishes a relationship of sameness between two entities) 2. Circumstantial 'x is at a' (defines the entity in terms of location, time, manner) 3. Possessive 'x has a' (indicates that one entity owns another) Each of these comes in two modes: Attributive ('a is an attribute of x') In this mode, there are two participants, namely: carrier and attribute. Identifying ('a is the identity of x') In this mode, there are two participants, namely: identified and identifier. The six possible classifications of relational processes in terms of modes and types are given below: mode type (i) attributive (ii) identifying (1) intensive the performance is great Mr Nathan is the President the President is Mr Nathan Muhammad Rayhan Bustam Analyzing Clause By Halliday's Transitivity System 27 (2) circumstantial the lecture is on a Wednesday today is the eighteenth; the eighteenth is today (3) possessive John has two motorcycles the two motorcycles are John's John's are the two motorcycles Further examples of the relational process modes and their types are given in tables below: Table of Attributive Clauses


The increasing prevalence of portable systems powered by limited supplies such as batteries or energy harvesting techniques has created a need for ultra-low quiescent current power management. This paper presents design techniques and other considerations for ultra-low (nA or less) quiescent current power management integrated circuits (IC's). Topics presented include a zero mask adder robust analog floating gate implementation and a productized nanoSmart® LDO with 20nA operating Iq.


This paper deals with the classifying spaces of finite groups. To any finite group G we associate a space BG with the property that .pi.(BG)=G, .pi. (BG)=0 for i>1. BG is called the classifying space of G. Consider the problem of finding a stable splitting BG= .. localized at pp. Ideally the 's are indecomposable, thus displaying the homotopy type of BG in the simplest terms. Such a decomposition naturally splits (BG). The main purpose of this paper is to give the classification theorem in stable homotopy theory for groups with periodic cohomology i.e. cyclic Sylow p-subgroups for p an odd prime and to calculate some universal stable element. In this paper, all cohomology groups are with Z/p-coefficients and p is an odd prime.prime.


In this paper the results of computer simulation of blast wave action arising from mine or IED explosion on wheeled light armoured vehicle will be presented. In the last years the NATO STANG 4569 international standard has been prepared. It describes the test standards concerning the ballistic resistance of vehicles not only to missiles but also to fragments and pressure wave arising from mine or IED explosion. In accordance with this standard the explosive charge is placed under ground surface (independently to the charge position in relation to the vehicle-under the wheel or under the vehicle centre). This case is of frequent occurrence during the different stabilization missions conducted by our troops both in Iraq and in Afghanistan. In the calculations the possibility of coupling between the medium described with the aid of Eulerian equations and the medium described with the aid of Lagrange equations has been used. The coupling enables the complex description of the issue. The detonation process has been described approximately of detonation optics and the behaviour of detonation of explosive device has been described with the aid of JWL equation in common use. Such approach to the subject is sufficient to resolve mast engineer problems. The vehicle has been described with the aid of Lagrange elements with corresponding material properties. The effect of high masses has been taken into account, in particular the effect of engine on behaviour of the object. The adequate coupling of the mediums above- mentioned has been very difficult during the numerical work, but additional taking the ground in consideration has improved considerably the quality of the results obtained which are nearer of the real results.


ABSTRACT This article analyses the notion of 'impenetrability' in works by Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, Remy de Gourmont, and Rachilde, concentrating on their portrayal of ambiguous and incomprehensible demi-vierges. In Decadent literature, the desire for knowledge and the desire for sexual 'possession' are inextricably intertwined, and the Decadent 'ideal' of impenetrability is based on a paradoxical logic of aesthetic failure and sexual frustration. The figures of the virgin, the dandy, and the femme fatale constitute particularly productive sources of Decadent literary reflection, in which reformulations of earlier literary models are channelled into an aesthetic of hyperbole, parody, and meta-literary irony.


objective:Exploring the clinical,radiologic features of uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis(IVL) to promote awareness of the disease.Methods:3 cases of IVL with inferior vena cava and right atrium involvement were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among the 3 patients,2 had previous hysteromyomectomy history,one is first onset.Two patients went to hospital because of lower extremity edema and nocturnal dyspnea,and one due to hydronephrosis.CT scan found huge abdominal and pelvic masses with lobulated surfaces and multiple nodular enhancements,meanwhile increased and widen pelvic veins were visualized with tumor thrombus formation and extending from the internal iliac vein into common iliac vein and then the inferior vena cava.In one case the tumor thrombus even spreads into the right atrium and causes liver congestion.Conclusion:IVL is a rare variant of uterine fibroids with different characteristics of incidence,imaging findings and course.The tumor may spread from pelvic veins upward to the inferior vena cava or even right atrium causing threat to patient's life.It is important to raise the awareness of IVL.


OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this article is to describe the role of cerebral and abdominal sonography with color Doppler sonography, including assessment of multiorgan tissue perfusion, in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic injury.

CONCLUSION
Bedside sonography and color Doppler sonography of the brain and abdominal organs can provide reliable and comprehensive information in asphyxiated neonates with hypoxic-ischemic injury. This article, which includes pathologic correlation, illustrates the major sonographic findings in this critical population.


I'm rather hoping that in the Northern Hemisphere at least, our May edition will feel as though summer has arrived with perhaps slightly more time for personal and organisational development. Winter was tough here in the UK, so let's hope the better weather brings a bit of relief. Even now crowding looms large in our collective memory with an interesting paper and accompanying editorial focusing on its effect on our emergency departments (EDs).


New Jersey has by legislation abolished contract labor. In order to meet the condition thus changed by legislative enactment, two commissions were appointed, a Prison Labor Commission and a Convict Labor Co nmission. The latter commission has for its province the duty of formulating "a comprehensive plan for the initiation and use of the labor of all convicts on public roads, in public parks, in forestry and in such other ways to the public benefit, not in competition with free labor." The Prison Labor Commission has been given authority to take over the labor of convicts upon the expiration of the present existing contracts. This commission is to be a permanent one, and is designed to have executive authority and control of the prisoners in their working hours. Its members have traveled about the country and they have worked out a plan of action which was recently submitted in its first report to the governor. In its study of the local conditions there have been found loopholes and weaknesses in the law under which the commission operates, so that before actual operations can be undertaken there must occur certain changes in the law and an adjustment of authority and responsibility. The duties of the Prison Labor Commission, of the boards of directors of penal institutions and of keepers and wardens must be sharply defined in order to avoid conflict and friction when operations under the new system are inaugurated. As each state has its own peculiar conditions, New Jersey must work out its own plan. The state has one central prison at Trenton which has developed from early times of the state's history. A five-acre tract of land on the outskirts of a small city may have been reasonably satisfactory a century ago, but the City of Trenton has grown and now surrounds the prison property. The prison has grown also, and now consists of numerous cell houses, workshops and other buildings which leave but little vacant space. It (154)


A numerical technique for finding vector modes on cylindrical structures consisting of concentric layers of loss-less dielectric is implemented by the method of Yeh and Lindgren. This paper reports three improvements to this method.


This paper considers the problem of fault detection and reconstruction of actuator faults for linear parameter varying descriptor systems. A polytopic sliding mode observer (PSMO) is constructed to achieve simultaneous reconstruction of LPV polytopic descriptor system states and actuator faults. Sufficient conditions for the existence and design algorithm of the proposed polytopic sliding mode observer are provided. In addition, the design of the PSMO is formulated in terms of linear matrix inequalities that can be suitably solved using convex optimization techniques. This PSMO can force the output estimation error to converge to zero in a finite time when the actuators faults are bounded through the reinjection of the output estimation error via a nonlinear switching term. The effectiveness of the design technique is illustrated through a simulation of an anaerobic bioreactor.


Mankind's research on marketing has a history of hundreds of years, and it has been fruitful in continuous summary and research. Now the theory of marketing has gradually penetrated into the minds of every company and even individual. A successful marketing strategy is the inevitable result of scientific planning and effective implementation. However, the current marketing strategy has gradually failed to meet the needs of corporates. In order to find the best solution for corporate marketing strategy, we built a simulation environment based on mobile computing and machine learning and compared the differences by simulating several companies of the same size in this city (corporate efficiency and revenue and expenditure under the marketing strategy). The results of the study found that intelligent marketing based on machine learning is more suitable for enterprises than general marketing strategies. The efficiency of enterprises has increased by about 20%, and the income of enterprises has increased by more than 30% compared with traditional marketing strategies. This shows that the intelligent marketing strategy based on mobile computing and machine learning to build a simulated environment plays an extremely important role in the peculiarities.


Whitewashing entails the practice of whitening or altering an historical or fictional characters of colours with the casting of white actors. The lack of diversity in today's media landscape highli ...


A major downside of the cashless policy introduced by the Central Bank of Nigeria in 2014 is pervasive automated teller machine (ATM) frauds. While fraudsters gain, the life chances of victims are affected. Previous studies in Nigeria had not investigated the effect of ATM frauds on victims' life chances. Data were generated through in-depth interviews with victims of ATM fraud. Findings show victims suffered post fraud trauma and often depended on friends, parents and relatives to survive the trauma. The reaction of banks to customers' victimization was unfavorable and unhelpful in compensating the financial losses of customers. We recommend better internal controls for banks and implementation of mechanisms to govern trust and protect customers from victimization.


The main objective of this study was to assess the phenotypic variability of the ejaculate volume (VOL) and progressive sperm motility (MO) under the influence of breed, boar within breed and season. The study included 555 ejaculates of Danish Landrace (DL), Danish Large White (DLW) and Danish Duroc (DD) boars. The effect of boar was analyzed within the investigated breeds. The impact of the season was investigated as the influence of the month in which the ejaculate was taken. The model included a linear regression effect of boar age when the semen was taken. Data analysis was performed using the statistical package SAS 9.1.3 (SAS Inst. Inc.., 2002-2003). Impact assessment was carried out using the GLM procedure. The impact of all factors analyzed in both sperm traits was significant to highly significant, and the observed factors largely explain the phenotypic variability VOL compared to MO. The highest values were found in VOL of DL boar (3:58 ± 164.96 ml), and the MO of boar breed DLW (85.45 ± 0.94%). Boars DD had VOL and MO below the averages of all analyzed breeds. Between boars within studied genotypes differences were established (p <0.05, p <0.05, p <0.01 p <0.001) and a boar of DLW breed compared to all tested boars had the highest volume of ejaculate sperm with progressive motility of 90.47%. Volume, or mobility varied (p <0.01 or p <0.05) influenced by season, and in September and October boars had ejaculates with the VOL values above average and the lowest MO. Since most VOL and MO above the annual average in June, it was possible to get the highest number of doses per ejaculate with optimal reproductive/fertile ability.


Human resource management needs to be taken to ensure that no negative effects for employees. Among them is the recruitment, placement and role conflict. In the case of recruitment of a very fundamental issue faced by many organizations, institutions or companies is how to attract job applicants or applicants in order to work optimally within the company. The success of a company depends on the performance of existing employees within the company. There are so many things that cause employees to improve performance such as motivation, rewards, punishments, and ambition as well as how the recruitment and placement policies for enterprises, as well as role conflict experienced by employees. The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the influence of recruitment, job placement and role conflict on employee performance at PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III (Persero) Medan. The population in this study were all employees of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III (Persero) who worked at the Office of the Board of Directors at Jalan Sei Batang Hari No. 2 Medan totaling 210 people. Data was collected through interviews, questionnaires and documentary study. Data analysis method used is multiple linear regression using SPSS software. The results showed that recruitment, job placement and role conflict affect the performance of the employees of PT. Perkebunan Nusantara III (Pesero) Medan. Value of coefficient of determination (R Square) obtained from this study of 80.8%. This means that the recruitment, placement and role conflict may explain the variable effects on employee performance by 80.8%, while the remaining 18.8% is influenced by other variables that are not included in this study. Simultaneously recruitment, job placement and role conflict have a positive and significant impact on employee performance. Partially capability recruitment, job placement and role conflict and significant positive effect on employee performance. Recruitment of the dominant factors affecting performance.


rheumatism seven years ago. His health had failed since January?dyspnoea, nocturnal cough, and anorexia being the prominent symptoms. He was extremely pale, and had a troublesome hacking cough, with very short breath on exertion. There was dulness at the right apex, with defective respiratory murmur and crepitation.' There was a double cardiac bruit audible at base and apex, and loudest over the sternum. The liver and spleen were much enlarged. The feet and legs were cedematous.


W e (cid:12)nd,within the pQ CD dipole m odelfor D IS processes,a rapid increase with energy ofthe scale ofparton m om enta in the current fragm entation region in the lim it s ! 1 and (cid:12)xed Q 2 . W eexplain theequivalence between thedispersion representation over Q 2 forLT pQ CD zero angle am plitude of (cid:13) (cid:3) + T ! (cid:13) (cid:3) + T scattering at large energies and the k t factorization,and use it to evaluate the scales ofthe hard processes in the current fragm entation region. W e derive within the black disc (BD )regim e the m odi(cid:12)ed G ribov form ula forthe totalcross-section ofthe D IS.W e evaluate thecoherence length oftheprocessesrelevantfortheBD regim eand (cid:12)nd thatitincreases with energy as (cid:24) s 0 : 6 i.e.signi(cid:12)cantly slowerthan in theparton m odel(1 = 2 m N x -theIo(cid:11)elength) as wellas in pQ CD .In the BD regim e we estim ate


Summary

Familiarity of the dentist with the currently used scheme for diagnosing the patient who has a mentally handicapping condition provides vital information. This scheme will assist in the preparation and interpretation of a properly worded consultation to the mental health professional caring for the patient. It will allow for the formulation of a comprehensive dental treatment plan consistent with the patient's emotional and cognitive status as well as alert the dentist to the patient's potential perceptions and misconceptions of care.


Online auction is an important part of e-commerce, and has been the focus of many scientific researches. Three steps are followed in the case study on online auction. First, based on the reservation of airline tickets in Priceline, some assumptions and descriptions of buyers, sellers and transaction rules are made. Second, the models for buyers and sellers are analyzed separately, with emphasis on how to maximize expected utility for buyers and how to minimize expected gain for sellers. Finally, both models are studies and a theorem is thus proved: the more the valuation of a buyer is, the more his bid will be. The numerical results are obtained through the application of genetic algorithm.


The invention discloses a process for producing an alcohol type high-carbon organic solvent by using n-butanol and n-octanol residual liquid. According to the invention, n-butanol and n-octanol residual liquid and hydrogen gas are delivered into a fixed bed hydrogenation reactor together; under the effect of a light oil hydrogenation catalyst, a hydrogenation reaction is carried out. Hydrogen in a reaction product is separated by using a high-pressure separator, and is recycled. A liquid phase product is processed by using a separation tank and a rectification tower, such that butyraldehyde, butanol, octanol, dodecanol and hexadecanol are obtained. The process requires operation conditions of a reaction temperature of 250-300 DEG C, a reaction pressure of 1.5-2.0MPa, a space velocity of 3-5h-1, and a hydrogen-to-oil ratio of 200:1-300:1. Within the operation range, obtained higher alcohol mother liquor can reach the requirements of producing higher alcohol organic solvent. With the method provided by the invention, modified n-butanol and n-octanol residual liquid reaches the requirement of producing higher alcohol organic solvent, such that higher alcohol organic solvent production raw material source is expanded, and n-butanol and n-octanol residual liquid added value is increased. The method is simple, and has the advantages of safe operation, low cost, and significant modification effect.


This autobiography by Tommy Robinson, Enemy of the State, is a seriously flawed book in many respects, not least in its handling of the topic of Islam, writes Daniel Falkiner. Nevertheless, the book constitutes a valuable primary resource on one influential strand of working-class street politics and raises curious, if disconcerting, questions about how the ethnicity known as 'White British' may be fracturing into more unstable elements. Whatever one thinks of its author, this book should be on the reading list of anyone who is concerned about social cohesion in Britain.


The present time to build a relationship with the customer is the base of operation of any enterprises. This also applies to the activities of agritourism. Analysis are based on a survey conducted in a group of 50 agritourism farm. Aim of this article is to present the needs to build relationships with clients of tourism farm. The result of the study found that almost half of the respondents to take into account the care and customer focus when starting. Nearly 75% of respondents maintain lasting relationship with our customers.


A method is proposed that allows the simultaneous determination of residue glyphosate,glufosinate and aminomethylphosphonic acid(AMPA) in water samples.The method involves pre-column derivatization step with 9-fluorenylmethylchloroformate(FMOC) in borate buffer and detection based on high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) coupled with fluorophotomeric detectior.The method produces satisfactory reliability,sensitivity,and accuracy.The mean recovery values are 94.2%,90.8%,98.6% for glyphosate,glufosinate and AMPA,respectively,and the relative standard deviation are 4.8%,0.68%,2.8%,respectively.Limits of detection and quantitative lower limits are 0.05,0.04,0.009μg/L and 0.16,0.12,0.03μg/L for the three compounds.The degradation rate of glyphosate, glufosinate in water are 17.8% and 19.5% after 2 days.The derivatization of these compounds are stable in 5days.


Fingerprint authentication is widely used in biometrics due to its simple process, but it is vulnerable to fake fingerprints. This study proposes a patch-based fake fingerprint detection method using a fully convolutional neural network with a small number of parameters and an optimal threshold to solve the above-mentioned problem. Unlike the existing methods that classify a fingerprint as live or fake, the proposed method classifies fingerprints as fake, live, or background, so preprocessing methods such as segmentation are not needed. The proposed convolutional neural network (CNN) structure applies the Fire module of SqueezeNet, and the fewer parameters used require only 2.0 MB of memory. The network that has completed training is applied to the training data in a fully convolutional way, and the optimal threshold to distinguish fake fingerprints is determined, which is used in the final test. As a result of this study experiment, the proposed method showed an average classification error of 1.35%, demonstrating a fake fingerprint detection method using a high-performance CNN with a small number of parameters.


This paper argues that whether an utterance of a vague term makes any contribution to propositional content is context-sensitive and that attention to this fact allows for an attractive solution to the sorites paradox.


Foreword.Preface.Acknowledgements.1. Biochemistry, Genetics, and Replication of DNA.1.1 Evolution of Identification: From Faces to Fingerprints to DNA.1.2 DNA and Heredity.1.2.1 A Look at DNA from the Outside In.1.2.2 DNA-The Chemistry.1.2.3 Unique Sequence and Repetitious DNA.1.3 DNA Replication.1.3.1 Replication in the Cell.1.3.2 Cloning (Gene Amplification).2. Biological Evidence-Science and Criminal Investigation.2.1 Crime Scene Investigation-Biological Evidence.2.1.1 Help the Victim.2.1.2 Protect the Scene.2.1.3 Document the Scene.2.1.4 Search the Scene.2.1.5 Schematic Drawing Showing Location and Photography of Items of Evidence.2.1.6 Packaging and Preserving Evidence.2.1.7 Transport to Laboratory.2.1.8 Sexual Assault Evidence.2.1.9 Evidence Handling in the Laboratory.2.1.10 Report Writing.2.2 Serology.2.2.1 Blood.2.2.2 Semen.2.2.3 Saliva.2.2.4 Urine.2.2.5 Hair.2.3 Chain of Custody.3. Forensic DNA Analysis Methods.3.1 Associative Evidence and Polymorphism.3.2 Restriction Fragment-Length Polymorphism.3.2.1 Isolation of DNA.3.2.2 Quantification.3.2.3 Restriction Enzymes: DNA Scissors.3.2.4 Gel Electrophoresis.3.2.5 Southern Blotting.3.2.6 Hybridization.3.2.7 Autoradiography and Visualization of DNA Banding Pattern.3.2.8 Analysis of RFLP Results.3.2.9 Probe Stripping from Membrane.3.2.10 Match Criteria.3.2.11 Statistics and the Product Rule.3.3 Polymerase Chain Reaction.3.3.1 Development and Theory.3.3.2 Isolation of DNA.3.3.3 Quantification3.3.4 Techniques.3.4 Analysis of Y-Chromosome STRS.3.4.1 Y-Chromosome Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis.3.5 Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA.3.5.1 The Mitochondrial Genome.3.5.2 Quantification.3.5.3 Sequencing.3.5.4 Interpretation of Sequence Data.3.5.5 Heteroplasmy.3.5.6 Statistics.3.5.7 SNP Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA.3.6 Problems with PCR.3.6.1 Contamination.3.6.2 Degradation.3.6.3 Sunlight.3.6.4 Inhibitors.3.6.5 Allelic Dropout-Null Alleles.3.6.6 Human Error.3.7 Underlying Facts and Assumptions in Forensic DNA Testing.4. Genetics, Statistics, and Databases.4.1 Human Genetics, Population Genetics, and Statistics.4.1.1 Power of Forensic DNA Analysis: How Significant Is the Match?4.1.2 Genetics and Statistics.4.1.3 Mendel's Laws of Genetics.4.1.4 Meiosis.4.2 Population Genetics.4.2.1 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.4.2.2 Subpopulations and Substructure.4.3 Need for Quality Control and Quality Assurance.4.4 SWGDAM (Formerly Known as TWGDAM) Standards.4.5 DNA Advisory Board.4.6 Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome STR Analysis and Statistical Calculations.4.7 Experimental Controls.4.8 Validation of New DNA Methods.4.9 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Analysis.4.10 Database Size and Composition.4.11 DNA Databases.4.12 Power of Discrimination.4.13 Mixtures and Statistics.4.14 Probability of Exclusion.4.15 Likelihood Ratio (LR).4.16 Paternity Determinations.4.16.1 Exclusion of the Alleged Father as the Biological Father.4.16.2 Inclusion of the Alleged Father as the Biological Father.4.17 Lab Accreditation, Certification, Reputation, and Facilities.4.17.1 Quality Control.4.17.2 Quality Assurance.4.17.3 Proficiency Testing.4.17.4 Certification.4.17.5 Laboratory Accreditation.4.18 Reviewing a DNA Report-A Sample RFLP Analysis.4.19 Reviewing a DNA Report-A PCR-Based DNA Examination (HLADQA1, PM, D1S80, and CTT-CSF1PO, TPOX, THO1).4.20 Reviewing a DNA Report-A PCR-STR-Based DNA Examination (CODIS Loci).4.21 Reviewing a Paternity Report Based on Analysis of DNA.5. Litigating a DNA Case.5.1 Legal Theory.5.1.1 Admissibility of Scientific Evidence: A Primer.5.1.2 Common Law and The Creation of a Judicial Gatekeeping Function.5.1.3 Federal Rules of Evidence and the Expansion of the Judicial Gatekeeping Function.5.1.4 Daubert: The Supreme Court Sets Forth a Standard.5.1.5 General Electric Company et al. v. Joiner et ux.5.1.6 Kumho Tire: The Court Continues Its Expansion of the Judicial Gatekeeping Function.5.1.7 Judicial Gatekeeping Function and Its Evolution in New York State.5.2 Admissibility of DNA Evidence.5.2.1 PCR-STR DNA Evidence.5.2.2 Mitochondrial DNA.5.2.3 Animal DNA.5.2.4 Plant and Viral DNA.5.2.5 Statistics.5.2.6 Paternity.5.3 Legal Practice.5.3.1 Different Stages of a Trial.5.4 DNA for Defense Attorneys-Contesting DNA Evidence.5.5 DNA for Prosecutors.5.6 DNA for Judges.6. DNA Evidence at Trial.6.1 Attacking and Defending DNA Evidence.6.1.1 Theory of the Case/Plan of Attack.6.1.2 What is Required for DNA Test Results to be Admitted into Evidence?6.2 DNA for the Prosecutor or Those Who Seek to Admit DNA Evidence.6.2.1 Effective Admission of DNA Evidence Takes Place in Three Stages.6.3 DNA for the Defense or Those Who Seek to Mitigate the Effect of DNA Evidence.6.3.1 Preventing the Admission of DNA Evidence in Part or in Its Entirety.7. Exonerating the Innocent through DNA.7.1 Postconviction Appeals Based upon DNA Evidence.7.2 Postconviction DNA Testing: Recommendations for Handling Requests.7.2.1 Role and Response of the Prosecutor.7.2.2 Role and Response of the Defense Attorney.7.3 Legal Standards Governing Postconviction Testing.7.3.1 Argument for a Constitutional Right to Postconviction DNA Testing.7.3.2 Other Non-Postconviction Testing Statute Arguments.7.4 Postconviction DNA Testing Statutes.7.5 Preventing Postconviction DNA Testing through Waiver.7.6 The Future of DNA Technology.Appendix A: Bibliography: Selected by Topic Area.Appendix B: Cases Involving the Admissibility of DNA Evidence.Appendix C: Information Pertinent to Attempts to Overturn Convictions Based Upon DNA Evidence.Appendix D: Offenses in New York State Resulting in Mandatory DNA Testing for Database Inclusion.Appendix E: Postconviction DNA Testing, Preservation of Evidence and Compensation for Wrongful Convictions: Relevant Legislative Information.Appendix F: Items Obtained through Discovery.Appendix G: Glossary.Index.


This research was conducted in the parish of the canton Olmedo Olmedo, with the objective of evaluating the collection of propolis using different types of plastic nets beekeeping in this area. Eight beehives were analyzed constituting each hive an experimental unit, which were divided into two treatments of four each, the first treatment matrixed plastic traps are placed, unlike the second treatment which was placed plastic mesh nets. obtaining the following results: in the variable propolis production matrixed with plastic mesh averaging 51.5 grams and with plastic mesh mosquito net averaged 38.8 grams; an average of 12.7 frames with abundant bees for treating one treatment while two recording frames with abundant bees 12.3; an average of 8.3 frames with brood in treating one to 8.6 frames with two breeding treatment; Queen existing presence in both treatments during the entire investigation. Concluding that does not influence the type of plastic mesh applied to each treatment in relation to: the evolution of the population of the hive (presence of Queen, as in the variables: frames with abundant bees and frames with brood) in honey production, but in the production of propolis having a difference of 12.3 grams between treatment averages. When analyzing the profitability of a higher percentage in treating one obtained. However the amounts obtained in this study may differ from other areas according to vegetation beekeeping interest of each area of study, so it is recommended to continue with future investigations at different sites.

Keywords: hive, propolis, plastic nets, traps, production.


mastering mechanical desktop parametric design is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can get it instantly. Our book servers spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the mastering mechanical desktop parametric design is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Annotation: Girls enrolled in junior courses do not belong to the fertile age group. Therefore, as a rule, when an unplanned pregnancy occurs, problems arise due to the lack of knowledge of educational and sociological aspects related to both health and training of a pregnant woman. At the same time, it is difficult for pregnant women to combine the problems of learning with the problems of gestation. Undergraduate students aged 18-19 do not belong to the fertile age group. Therefore, as a rule, when an unplanned pregnancy occurs, they have health and learning problems.


Citing figures showing dramatic increases in the number of women imprisoned for drug offenses since 1980, Chesney-Lind (1995: 111) concludes that the 'war on drugs' has translated into a war on women" and Durham (1994: 111) suggests that female drug offenders "… are now being treated like their male counterparts, or even more harshly." The purpose of this study is to test the validity of these assertations. We compare the likelihood of incarceration for males and females convicted of drug offenses in Chicago. The results of our analysis reveal that females are significantly less likely than males to be sentenced to prison. Our tests for interaction reveal that preferential treatment is confined to offenders without dependent children and to offenders without a prior conviction for a drug offense. We conclude that chivalry is not dead in Cook County. We also conclude that judges' calculation of the social costs of punishment are not invariant, but reflect the combined effects of the offender's gender, child care responsibilities, prior criminal record, and type of crime.


Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a versatile tool widely used for diagnosing disease. It provides high resolution anatomical information of the human with excellent soft tissue contrast, obtained in a non-invasive manner, and can be used to guide treatments and surgeries through monitoring of temperature and visualization of tumors (1-5). More recent applications related to hyperthermic therapy include magnetic resonance-guided laser-induced thermal therapy (3) and MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery (2), which demonstrated the possibility for application of MRI as a valuable tool in managing the ablation region. Hyperthermic ablation is a widely used therapeutic tool for cardiac arrhythmias and cancers of the liver, lung, kidney, and bone (6-9). RF and microwave ablation utilize the thermal sensitivity differences between tumor and normal tissue, which are primarily determined by the electrical properties (i.e., permittivity and conductivity). This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Received: March 11, 2016 Accepted: March 20, 2016


Nowadays, natural fiber-reinforced green composites are increasingly being used in the industrial field. The tensile properties of natural fibers are often evaluated on the assumption of circle cross-sectional shape. Therefore, we proposed a new method to calculate the area of natural fibers by measuring their projection widths in order to estimate the proper tensile properties. In addition, we propose a strength distribution function with taking account of variation in cross-sectional area, based on Weibull distribution.


Reproductive behavior of individually marked cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) confined in large pens was studied in the spring and summer of 1963. The author observed coitus, which immediately follows parturition, and thus determined the timing of ovulation and implantation. Ovaries of postparturient females were either collected 8-18 hours after copulation for histological treatment, or the females were subjected to one or more laparotomies and their reproductive status determined by macroscopic examination of ovaries and uteri. The findings of this study indicate that cottontail rabbits ovulate between 10 and 11 hours postcoitus and that implantation is grossly visible by the 8th day postcoitus. The earliest time at which implantation sites are visible was not determined. This paper, on the timing of ovulation and implantation in the cottontail, presents the kind of information that is a fundamental prerequisite to ecological studies involving the reproductive performance of female cottontail rabbits. I wish to express thanks to Dr. R. D. Lord, Jr., United States Public Health Service, Atlanta, Georgia, for encouragement in initiating this study; to W. R. Edwards, Dr. G. C. Sanderson, and Helen C. Schultz, Illinois Natural History Survey, Urbana, and to Dr. J. H. Sather, Western Illinois University, Macomb, for guidance and assistance in manuscript preparation; and to 1 This paper represents part of a study submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Western Illinois University, and is a contribution from Federal Aid Project W-66-R, the Illinois Department of Conservation, the U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife, and the Illinois Natural History Survey, cooperating. rted here and in the ea lier paper. The ick dermis on older male goats probably i es some protection during short fights en only a few blows are exchanged. In l-out battles old males still get severely ctured and lacerated. The rump shield thick dermis f old male goats appears be a defense gainst t e sharp h rns of specifics. It remains to be seen whether ale goats carry as thick a hide as males , and whether th dermis of male goats creases in thickness with ge a present is paper, on the tim ng of vulation implantation in the cott n ail, presents a st sub itted e ire e ts for the punctures, 23 were located poste ior e sternum; of 14 punctures on t e hind , 10 were located on the median sides. quite evident that most blows landed e goat's ventral and rear parts. This ir s results of an earlier autopsy (Geist ctive perfor ance of female ournal of Wi dlife Manag ment, Vol. 31, No. 1, January 1967 This content downloaded from 126.96.36.199 on Wed, 12 Oct 2016 04:24:07 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms OVULATION AND IMPLANTATION IN COTTONTAIL * Casteel 195 Dr. Jean W. Graber, University of Illinois, Urbana, for preparing slides from ovary tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS A study of the reproductive behavior of individually marked cottontail rabbits confined in a 2-acre fenced enclosure located approximately 3 miles northeast of Urbana, Illinois, was conducted during the spring and summer of 1963. The rabbits were obtained by trapping with box traps from January through August, 1963, near Urbana. The 2-acre enclosure was divided into two adjacent square pens of %5/ acre each and a rectangular, %-acre pen. The observation facilities, techniques, and behavioral results are reported elsewhere (Casteel 1965). Nonfertile copulations were avoided by using only males with large scrotal testes which were considered to be indicative of sexual activity. Males placed in the observation pens were periodically checked throughout the season to determine their testicular status. Newly captured males were used as replacements in preference to those being held in reserve. Females 8 or more days pregnant were recognized by palpation. Proficiency at palpation was acquired and it became possible to make accurate embryo counts in this manner. The kidneys, urinary bladder, large intestine, caecum, and pellets in the descending colon were also distinguishable. However, care was necessary to distinguish between pellets in the descending colon and newly implanted embryos. It was usually possible to ascertain by palpation whether or not parturition had recently taken place. Normally, when an adult or sexually active juvenile female was not obviously pregnant, the uterus was turgid and coiled posteriorly, whereas for a short time after parturition it was flaccid and stretched anteriorly. Lactating females could be recognized by gross observation of the mammary glands. Behavioral acts which preceded copulation became recognizable to the investigator and proved useful in predicting the imminence of copulation. Does observed in coitus were either sacrificed and their reproductive status determined histologically or were subjected to laparotomies and macroscopic examinations of ovaries and uteri. Females were killed between 8 hours 52 min and 18 hours 45 min postcoitus. Reproductive tracts were preserved in 10 percent buffered formalin solution. Drawings of ovaries and uteri examined during laparotomies were sometimes made to augment word descriptions. Preserved material was fixed at least 14 days. After fixation, ovaries were carefully dissected from the mesovarium. The University of Illinois Animal Science Histology Laboratory subjected the ovaries to routine histological procedures, sectioned them at 10 micra, mounted every tenth section in an interrupted series, and stained the sections with Delafield's hematoxylin and eosin. The slides were viewed to ascertain whether the female had ovulated recently as indicated by the status of follicles, the presence of corpora, or both. Recent ovulations are characterized histologically by the absence of ova and the presence of ruptured follicles in which the antra are somewhat collapsed and contain small clots of blood. Because mature ova are about 100 micra in diameter (Guyer 1953:142), the 90-micron interval between mounted sections should have resulted in the detection of each corpus or mature ovum in at least one of the serial sections. Several of the females were subjected to laparotomies in order to obtain data on both This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Wed, 12 Oct 2016 04:24:07 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 196 Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 31, No. 1, January 1967 Table 1. Timing of ovulation in the cottontail rabbit. RABBIT POSTCOITUS TYPE OF OVUNUMBER INTERVAL EXAMINATION LATION


The evolution of electromagnetic pion production is presented. The early experiments verified that the reaction mechanism of pion production in nuclei was understood; some open issues which can now be studied with CW electron beams are discussed. Emphasis is given to the present studies which measure meson production from the nucleon. The impact of spontaneously broken chiral symmetry and Goldstone's theorem on pion-nucleon physics is sketched. Present and future experiments to measure quark mass effects such as isospin breaking are described. The role of the new generation of beam and target polarization experiments are stressed, including such future possibilities at Bates as virtual photon tagging.


We present our work done towards the development of a quantum well polarization-conversion modulator. This modulator will consist of multiple repetitions of quantum well structures exhibiting large electrorefractive effects. In them, a channel waveguide supporting only the fundamental TE-like and TM-like modes will be subjected to an applied electric field. Changes in this applied field cause the effective refractive index of one of the modes to increase and that of the other to decrease. Using these structures shows that short (∼2–3mm) modulators, with 90° polarization rotation, low chirp (∼±0.1), and low drive electric fields (∼10kV∕cm) can be achieved. In this article, numerical simulations based on the effective-mass envelope-function approximation are used to study the influence of layer thickness and compositional variations on the electrorefractive properties of these quantum well structures.


B2 CoAl single crystals with a number of orientations have been deformed at 1,300 K and 1,000 K. The deformation substructures have been characterized using TEM diffraction contrast techniques supported by image simulations. While {l_angle}100{r_angle} slip is found to be the predominant slip mode at these temperatures, {l_angle}111{r_angle} and {l_angle}110{r_angle} dislocations have also been observed. In particular, in hard orientations {l_angle}110{r_angle} dislocations appear to play an active role in initiating the deformation. Additionally, {l_angle}110{r_angle} dislocations are often observed as junctions of {l_angle}100{r_angle} type dislocations. Under the conditions tested, changes in alloy stoichiometry do not result in any modifications to the dislocation slip behavior.


Field-effect transistor (FET) is an electronic device that relies on the electric field to control a current through a "conductive channel" made of a semiconducting material. When the active layer is fabricated from organic semiconductors, the device is referred to as an organic field-effect transistor (OFET). The most common configuration of an OFET is the organic thin film transistor (OTFT).
In this thesis it has been proposed to study and characterize innovative solution process OTFTs made using organic semiconductors and insulators, and in particular the influence of some process parameters for their behaviour under various stress conditions.
Solution-processed organic materials used for electronic devices have been deposited and processed employing very cheap and simple methods, like spin-coating and drop casting. The properties of organic materials strongly depend on their morphology, which depends on the method of deposition. Morphology also influences the behaviour of the interfaces between the materials, so can be very important for the performances of the device, in particular for OTFTs.
Device instability and limited lifetime have been so far the hurdles to commercialization of organic electronics. Through electrical characterizations and microscopy techniques, much progress has been made in understanding the stress mechanism that limits the stability of organic field-effect transistors.
In this thesis, one device architecture and different technological configurations have been applied, while three distinct sources of stress have been used (voltage, environment and light) to study their actions on the properties of the devices, to deduce the influence of the devices' processing on their stability and to enable controllable and reproducible devices fabrication.
The kinetics and the mechanisms of charge trapping in organic semiconductors are found able to explain the observed instability behaviours in OTFTs.


The nuclear receptor CAR is a well established xenobiotic sensor governing the transcription of numerous hepatic genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism and clearance. Recent evidence suggests that mouse CAR also functions as a mediator of energy metabolism and cancer development. However, whether its human counterpart holds these novel functionsis largely unknown due to the lack of selective human (h) CAR modulators. Here, we have identified several novel hCAR activators by applying 1) virtual screening of chemical databases with ligand‐based structure‐activity models; and 2) cell‐based assays that proved to be efficient in the determination of hCAR activation. Initial screening of the CDD drug database using structure‐activity models and docking has resulted in 20 lead compounds with optimal pharmacophore parameters. In cell‐based reporter assays, two of the 20 leads exhibited robust activation of hCAR. In human primary hepatocyte cultures, these two compounds efficiently translocated hCAR from cytoplasm to nucleus, which has been recognized as the initial step of CAR activation. Moreover, these compounds also induced the expression of the prototypical hCAR target genes, CYP2B6 and CYP3A4. These results clearly indicate that our combined strategy is efficient in the identification of novel hCAR modulators. This work was partly supported by NIH Grant (DK061652).


In this paper, various exact solutions of the stationary Navier-Stokes equations, which describe the planar flow of an incompressible liquid (or gas), are determined, i.e., solutions containing the components of the velocity of flow - the functions u, v and the created pressure P. We mention that in the paper a series of exact solutions is obtained, in which the viscosity coefficient lambda participates explicitly.


The study was conducted at main experimental area of Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Fourteen clones were characterized for morphological and physiological traits. All clones had similar leaf shape i.e. lanceolate except clone PE-10. Branch habit was either upward (PE-3, PE-12, PE-7, PE-5, PE-6, PE-8, PE-11 and C-413) or perpendicular (PE-14, PE-9, PE-13, PE-4 and C-72) except in PE-10 (drooping). Leaf base shape was obtuse in clone PE-3 while all other clones had cuneate shape. Wide variations were found for all the leaf traits and number of branches. However no clear trend was noticed. The ratio of open to closed stomata was significantly variable on abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces. In second experiment, out of the four treatmentsT1 (submerged conditions), T2 (30 % moisture), T3 (25% moisture) and T4 (15% moisture), T3 registered maximum plant height, collar diameter and number of branches. Significantly lowest values were found under submerged conditions. Clone C-413 showed maximum height; clones PE-11 and PE-13 recorded significantly highest collar diameter values. T3 registered the maximum values for fresh and dry biomass of branches and leaves as well as stem. Root biomass was maximum in T2. Clone PE-13 was the best for biomass of branches and leaves as well as stem. Root biomass was highest in clone PE-11. The third experiment had four treatments at 75%, 100%, 125% and 150% of the Cumulative Pan Evaporation (CPE). T2 registered the maximum values for all growth traits i.e. plant height, collar diameter and number of branches. Clone C-413 was found to be the best for plant height. PE1 had maximum collar diameter and number of branches. T1 registered the maximum number of roots. Clone PE-1 performed best for number of roots as well as length of roots. C-2045 was the poorest performer for root traits. T2 registered maximum values for both fresh and dry biomass of branches and leaves, stem and roots. Clone PE-1 recorded maximum biomass of branches and leaves, stem as well as root. Clone C-2045 showed lowest biomass values. Under submerged conditions, clone PE-1 registered maximum biomass values. T2 registered the maximum values for photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration. Clone PE-1 was found to be the superior most for all physiological traits.


I. Summarize the importance of humoral immunity in MM after ASCT II. Generate a hypothesis to change the platform for the management of multiple myeloma into a personalized approach considering immune surveillance


Purpose: To compare the results of manual phacofracture trabeculectomy (manual small incision cataract surgery trabeculectomy) versus phacotrabeculectomy with respect to visual gain and intraocular pressure (IOP) control. Materials and Methods: Thirty consecutive patients who underwent combined surgery performed by the same surgeon were prospectively evaluated for a minimum period of 12 months. Fifteen patients underwent single site phacotrabeculectomy, and the remaining 15 patients underwent single site phacofracture trabeculectomy at Guru Nanak Eye Hospital, New Delhi. Results: Both surgeries resulted in a highly significant decrease in IOP, the final percentage reduction being 46% in phacotrabeculectomy group and 44% in phacofracture trabeculectomy group. The complete success rate (IOP < 21 mmHg) without additional antiglaucoma medications was 100% for both the groups till l2 months of follow-up. Improvement in visual acuity was similar in both the groups with 53% patients in phacotrabeculectomy and 60% in phacofracture trabeculectomy group attaining a final visual acuity of 20/40 or better. The mean surgically induced astigmatism was 1.33 D and 1.3 D in phacotrabeculectomy and phacofracture trabeculectomy group respectively, at the end of 12 months follow-up. Manual phacofracture trabeculectomy resulted in more early postoperative inflammation within the first 7 days. Conclusions: There was no statistically significant difference in the final visual acuity, IOP control and surgically induced astigmatism between phacofracture trabeculectomy and phacotrabeculectomy groups.


In theory, graphene should exhibit very high carrier mobility, however its measured mobility is usually much lower. This discrepancy between theory and empirical observations is believed to be due to disordered scattering. We present a systematic first principles study of diffusive impurity scattering in short channel graphene. We achieve good agreement with experimental data and show that mobility in graphene is strongly influenced by impurity scattering. In general, the results show that diffusive scattering can play a key role in determining the carrier transport properties of short channel devices.


Because of its strong inherent safety features and the high outlet temperature, the modular high temperature gas-cooled nuclear reactor (MHTGR) is the chosen technology for a new generation of nuclear power plants. Such power plants are being considered for industrial applications with a wide range of power levels, thus power-level regulation is very important for their efficient and stable operation. Exploiting the large scale asymptotic closed-loop stability provided by nonlinear controllers, a nonlinear power-level regulator is presented in this paper that is based upon both the techniques of feedback dissipation and well-established backstepping. The virtue of this control strategy, i.e. , the ability of globally asymptotic stabilization, is that it takes advantage of the inherent zero-state detectability property of the MHTGR dynamics. Moreover, this newly built power-level regulator is also robust towards modeling uncertainty in the control rod dynamics. If modeling uncertainty of the control rod dynamics is small enough to be omitted, then this control law can be simplified to a classical proportional feedback controller. The comparison of the control performance between the newly-built power controller and the simplified controller is also given through numerical study and theoretical analysis.


Over the last year or two, the media has reported on layoffs in the manufacturing industries, airline cutbacks and bankruptcy, cutbacks in city governments, and even declines in attendance at sporting events. News reports have focused on the individuals, families, and small businesses that have been hit hard by the declining economy. Some retirees have found it necessary to return to the workforce because of the decline in the purchasing power of their retirement incomes. While the impact of the declining economy on higher education has not received much media attention, students are very aware of the consequences of an economy in trouble. Academia has not been immune to the woes created by the economic downturn. At some state-supported institutions, the economic pinch has been especially hard. Generally speaking, students are the ones who are hardest hit by the declining economy even though they have had no influence on or control of the decline. Faculty are also subject to negative consequences, both personal and professional, and even society suffers because of the negative impact on academia. Students and the quality of their education are not immune to economic downturns. A poor economy can influence a student's decision on where to attend college. A student who is already in college may have to transfer to a state school because of a family's tight money supply. The availability and amounts of scholarships can be drastically affected by economic conditions. One of our scholarships dropped from $2000 to $175 in just 1 year because of the poor return from investments that provided the annual allocation. A loss of or drastic reduction in scholarship amounts may force some students to reduce their academic load and seek part-time employment, which may not be readily available in bad economic times. Those who have to work part-time will have less time to participate in academic-related activities, such as student organizations ~e.g., Chi Epsilon! or student-run projects ~e.g., concrete canoe or high school tutoring!. Universities in states hard hit by a lagging economy may also need to raise tuition sometimes even at midyear. This can catch students off guard with respect to their financial situations. Financial difficulties, regardless of the cause, can induce stress in people, especially students who lack experience with the effects of business cycles. It is not just financial matters that students must worry about during a downturn. Students are subject to cutbacks in institutional services and access to facilities. Universities that have significant budget problems may not have the funds to support activities such as help-desks in computer facilities or employees who provide dining hall services late into the evening. The contraction of hours during which facilities, such as laboratories, are open is especially problematic to those students who have parttime jobs and must work at the times when the academic facilities are open. These situations can certainly have a negative effect on the student's academic progress and experience. Students who do


Research into magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is entering a new era driven by the advent of treatments for AD. Historically the purposes of the brain scan in an individual with a provisional diagnosis of AD were limited to excluding treatable structural lesions and assessing the extent of ischaemic changes. Over the last decade progress has been made in identifying imaging features that have positive predictive value in AD. Progressive atrophy of the hippocampus and other medial temporal lobe structures have now been consistently shown to be characteristic of AD. A range of techniques for assessing atrophy of medial temporal lobe structures have been developed from simple visual rating scales to more sophisticated volumetric measurements. These methods have shown the hippocampus to be reduced in size from early in the disease. Furthermore hippocampal atrophy may predict progression to dementia in individuals at risk of the disease by virtue of memory impairment or family history. Nonetheless, despite advances in scanning and in image analysis, these measures still show considerable overlap between normal aging and early AD. MRI has a role to play in the differential diagnosis in a patient with dementia: focal or asymmetrical atrophy on MRI argues against a diagnosis of AD and in favour of a diagnosis such as fronto-temporal dementia. However MRI features that accurately distinguish the non-focal degenerative dementias, one from another (e.g. dementia with Lewy bodies from AD) are still lacking. The availability of symptomatic treatments in AD further increases the pressure for imaging measures which are sensitive and specific in early disease. Research into improving early diagnosis remains very active and the development of potentially disease-modifying therapies adds a new focus to MRI research in AD. Accurate measurement of progression and the development of markers which distinguish disease-modifying from symptomatic effects is likely to be an important new area of research. MRI will be central to these developments but may face competition from functional imaging.


In this study, we have developed a novel and highly selective naked-eye colorimetric probe for the detection of mercury ions (Hg2+) in aqueous solution, using cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB)-capped colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), based on induced aggregation. The synthesized AgNPs and their interaction with Hg2+ were characterized using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements and zeta potential measurement techniques. The color of the AgNP solution changed from yellowish-brown to colorless within a few minutes following the addition of Hg2+, resulting in a blue shift from 408–354 nm with quenching in the absorption spectra. Under the most favorable conditions, the calibration plot of (A0−A) against concentration of Hg2+ was linear in the range of 0.5–10 μg mL−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9931. The concentration of Hg2+ is quantitatively determined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.80 μg mL−1. In addition, this method shows an excellent selectivity towards Hg2+ over sixteen other interfering cations tested. The accuracy and reliability of the method were further ascertained for the detection of Hg2+ from water bodies via a standard addition method, with percentage recoveries in the range of 99.96–100.13%. The probable mechanism for the observed color changes was also discussed. The method is simple, rapid, specific, and highly selective with good precision.


In this paper, an attempt has been made to characte rize the surface texture generated, during Magnetic Field Assisted Abrasive Finishing (MFAAF) of SS316L material. The changes in surface texture generated are studied by using surface roughness pr ofiler, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The deep cutting marks left by grinding process have been removed and repla ced by a new surface texture generated during MFAAF process. It is also observed from the AFM and SEM images that the peak surface profiles produced by grinding process have been sheared off by the abrasives. Th is leads to tiny material removal in the surface. It is also ev ident from the micrographs that the indentation and rotation of the magnetic abrasive flexible brush have formed ci rcular lays during MFAAF.


To render high level radioactive waste nontoxic, isolation from humans and their environment is necessary for 500,000-1,000,000 years. A consensus is that only geological formations will maintain integrity this long. Numerous methods have been proposed. Literature on radioactive waste disposal is reviewed. Ice sheet disposal, ocean disposal, routine release of low level waste, treatment, land burial and storage, mathematic models for transport of dissolved radionuclides, and transuranics are surveyed. (42 references)


Organizations are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of tacit and explicit knowledge owned by their members which corresponds to their experiences and accumulated knowledge in relation to the company. Considering the large amount of knowledge created and used in modern organizations, especially with the evolution of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), firms must determine specific knowledge in order to handle real-world decision problems. This usually involves multiple decision makers with conflicting objectives and distinct value systems. Creating activities to enhance the identification and use of this knowledge is a powerful means to improve the level of performance of an organization. Companies therefore invest in knowledge and information systems in order to develop a knowledge-sharing and collaboration culture, to ease group decision making. This special issue addresses organizational, methodological, technological and socio-cultural aspects of knowledge acquisition, representation and analysis in group decision making context. The authors of the papers in this issue are from different research areas including knowledge management, knowledge engineering and decision making. More precisely, the papers focus on social networks, ontologies, community maturity models and multi-criteria decision making. The first paper by Nada Khachlouf, Bertrand V. Quélin and Richard Soparnot addresses the role of network ties in collaborative decision making by representing a mechanism through which personal networks of individuals in an Inter-Organizational Network (ION) influence their information processing capabilities for effective decision making. The authors present an empirical study based on a sample of key individuals in 13 export consortia. The result of this study shows the extent to which the characteristics of personal networks affect individuals' absorptive capacity. The second paper presented by Xuan Truong Vu, Marie-Hélène Abel and Pierre Morizet-Mahoudeaux proposes a new aggregation model of online social networks in order to identify relevant information from the large amount of data such as the user's profile information and their topics of interest. The objective is to improve knowledge sharing for supporting group-related decision-making processes. The third paper, by Fadoua Ouamani, Narjès Bellamine Ben Saoud and Henda Hajjami Ben Ghézala, addresses a conceptual ontology framework to socio-culturally adapt Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) environment and for the management of socio-cultural knowledge about the learners. The use of this framework offers learners communication and collaboration tools tailored to their social and cultural characteristics. This framework enhances the interaction between learners from different cultures, and thus enhances socio-cultural knowledge sharing which enhances group decision making about the resolution process of the collaborative learning activity. The fourth paper from Mohamed Turki, Gilles Kassel, Inès Saad and Faïez Gargouri addresses a Core Ontology of Organization's Processes (COOP) for improving the commensurability of the interpretation schemas of decision makers in order to


In fact, the relationship between lens technology and the movie industry began when two patients, Jerry Fairbanks and Bob Carlisle produced and directed respectively a film series named 'Popular Science' and released by Paramount Pictures. They asked Reuben Greenspoon, to appear in a segment of the film that showed the procedures for making contact lenses from eye molds. The film was projected on 20th December 1940 and resulted in bringing contact lenses and special effects with contact lenses to the attention of the movie industry at Hollywood and, of course, the general public.2


Class conflict in the 1830s Tithe War Noreen Higgins-McHugh, History, (UCC) Between a rock and a hard place: The reality of being a land agent in Ireland in the 1830s and 1840s Laura Vickers, Moore Institute, (NUIG) "No more at present from your friend, Captain Rock": 'Threatening letters' and social attitudes in pre-famine Ireland Terry Dunne, History, (MIC) 4:00pm – 4:15pm Break 4:15pm – 5:15pm Modes of Production


Social work is deeply rooted in the tradition of promoting social justice and in its commitment to concern for culturally diverse client groups. Although the characteristics of Mary Richmond's 'friendly visitors' have changed over the years (Richmond, 1899), the commitment of the profession to increase its knowledge and to serve a range of clients has remained resolute (Kropf and Issac, 1992). In the US the settlement house movement marked the earliest efforts


The present study investigated the operational features of whisker-evoked EPSPs in barreloid cells and the ability of the whisker-to-barreloid pathway to relay high rates of whisker deflection in lightly anesthetized rats. Results show that lemniscal EPSPs are single-fiber events with fast rise times (<500 μsec) that strongly depress at short inter-EPSP intervals. They occur at short latencies (3.84 ± 0.96 msec) with little jitters (<300 μsec) after electrical stimulation of the whisker follicle. Waveform analysis indicates that one to three lemniscal axons converge on individual barreloid cells to produce EPSPs of similar rise times but different amplitudes. When challenged by high rates of whisker deflection, cells in the whisker-to-barreloid pathway demonstrate a remarkable frequency-following ability. Primary vibrissa afferents could follow in a phase-locked manner trains of sinusoidal deflections at up to 1 kHz. Although trigeminothalamic cells could still faithfully follow deflection rates of 200-300 Hz, the actual frequency-following ability of individual cells depends on the amplitude, velocity, and direction of displacements. The discharges of trigeminothalamic cells induce corresponding phase-locked EPSPs in barreloid cells, which trigger burst discharges at stimulus onset. During the following cycles of the stimulus train, few action potentials ensue because of the strong synaptic depression at lemniscal synapses. It is concluded that the whisker-to-barreloid pathway can relay vibratory inputs with a high degree of temporal precision, but that the relay of this information to the cerebral cortex requires the action of modulators, and possibly phase-locked discharges among an ensemble of relay cells.


Current modeling approaches for the new generation of information and communication systems do not adequately support the role that group communication plays within a modern organization. Today's information systems have a nature of decentrali zation, autonomy and heterogeneity. This implies that we need new modeling approaches. The current approaches, li ke workflow management, groupware, computer-supported collaborative work and document management, do not suff ice for two important reasons. Firstly, they do not support group communication in the right way. In this paper we emphasis the motivation for embedding group communication in information systems. Secondly, they do not relate activiti es to goals: we have found this relationship to be vital for the communication. In this paper we outline our modeling approach that consists of a combination of conversationand activitybased approaches. We feel that the approach thus better acknowledges the two aspects mentioned above. The proposal outli ned in this paper takes conversations as the leading entiti es over the activiti es. The implementation of the proposal includes the use of agent technology to facilit ate the conversations, while we use traditional workflow management techniques for the modeling of the activiti es. While currently implementation projects are underway to validate the assumptions, we hope that this paper serves as a motivation and trigger for researchers to consider the combination of both approaches in a similar integrated manner.


The occurrence of an extraordinary and unpredictable event was the general perception about the effects of the storm which poured down over the Mocoties River basin on February 07-13, 2005, with an intense duration peak of 4-5 hours on February 11, 2005. After carrying out an exhaustive research through documental sources, it was found out that three similar events occurred in 1910, 1933 and 1951. The latter was considered of higher interest, like the storm of February 2005, the volume of rainfall was atypical due to the fact that the event took place during a period commonly known as the dry season, affecting the same areas of the nation. From these results, a return period of 40-50 years would tentatively be estimated and the phenomenon considered as a moderate magnitude.


The aim of the present survey is to study the clinical application of vascular age factor among patients with arterial hypertension against hypercholesteremia in the potency assignment of lipid-lowering therapy. 120 patients of two age groups (40–59 years old, n=60; 60–79 years old, n=60) with arterial hypertension against hypercholesteremia have been included into a 6-months survey of atorvastatin use in a 20mg dose per day for a premature ageing treatment. The survey showed that by the 6th month of atorvastatin use, despite the age of patients, the blood lipids rate is improved, the intima-media thickness of common carotid arteries and the patients' vascular age are reduced. In comparison with the modified scale SCORE, the ultrasound determination of the thickness of the intima – media common carotid artery complex is an objective criterion which makes it possible not just to assess the biological age, but the risk level of heart attack and stroke origin.


An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) calibration algorithm based on measuring and correcting the code-density histogram of the converter under calibration is presented. The algorithm constructs a histogram of the ADC response to a linear ramp and stores the calculated correction coefficients in a lookup table. By leveraging circuit density improvements in deep submicron CMOS technology, the algorithm is able to provide substantive improvements to ADC static linearity performance at low silicon cost. The algorithm is applied to a 12-stage prototype Pipelined ADC implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology and is able to improve measured integral nonlinearity from -5.31/1.02 least significant bit (LSB) to -0.24/0.31 LSB at a 10-bit level, an improvement of over three effective bits.


Summary This paper reviews evidence that the fatty acid composition of dietary lipids influences the respiratory and cardiovascular physiology of Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii) and, thereby, their tolerance of the stress of hypoxia. Sturgeon fed a commercial diet enriched in fish oil (menhaden oil as 15% of dry feed weight), with an elevated content of highly unsaturated fatty acids of the ω3 series (ω3 HUFA), had a significantly lower standard metabolic rate (SMR) and routine oxygen consumption (Mo2) than those fed a diet enriched with the same quantity of hydrogenated coconut oil, with an elevated content of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Both groups grew equally well. As a result of this difference in aerobic metabolism, sturgeon fed the ω3 HUFA and SFA responded differently when exposed to hypoxic challenges, those fed ω3 HUFA appearing more hypoxia-tolerant. Sturgeon fed ω3 HUFA exhibited no significant reflex hyperventilation when exposed to mild, moderate or deep hypoxia (30 min at water O2 partial pressures of 10.8, 6.6 and 4.6 kPa, respectively), no hypoxic depression of spontaneous activity during 3h in mild hypoxia, and no depression of Mo2 during 3h in moderate hypoxia, unlike sturgeon fed SFA. The diets also influenced the performance of isolated hearts in vitro. Hearts from fish fed ω3 HUFA maintained maximum in vitro cardiac power output unchanged when oxygen supply was reduced (O2 content from 2.3 to 0.7 vol.%), unlike hearts from sturgeon fed SFA. Overall, the results indicate that dietary fatty acid composition can influence tolerance of hypoxia in sturgeon, through effects on SMR. When compared to sturgeon fed SFA, those fed ω3 HUFA had lower SMR and were more tolerant of hypoxia, with effects both on the whole animal and on the isolated heart.


Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) allows multiple users to make use of the same bandwidth as the single-user OFDM for data transmission and is a promising candidate to be used for future cellular systems. A key issue at hand is the rate-adaptive resource allocation problem. In this paper, we propose two subcarrier allocation schemes with low complexities based on the magnitude of the channel frequency responses. The proposed methods ensure a fair resource allocation in terms of the number of subcarriers with affordable bit-rates. Monte-Carlo simulations show that our proposed methods achieve a higher overall bit-rate for all users compared to previously derived subcarrier allocation schemes


A new method of generating shear waves with near-optical wavelength has been developed for GHz-ultrasonic interferometry (GUI). The new acoustic technique features a P-to-S conversion upon reflection inside an MgO buffer rod, and is first used to determine the full set of ambient P-T elastic constants (cij) for magnesiowüstite-(Mg,Fe)O. In other developments, P-wave travel times have been made in olivine to 250 oC at ~2.5 GPa in a resistance-heated ultrasonic diamond anvil cell (DAC), demonstrating that acoustic coupling can be maintained at high temperature in a hydrostatic (alcohol) pressure medium. The new GUI tools bring us closer to obtaining a complete travel-time equation of state.


Removal of phosphate in wastewater is significant and available to control eutrophication and adsorption is one of the most promising treatment methods. In this work, MgO-modified industrial hemp s...


Solar powered water pumping systems have become the interest of many people in the recent years. Acknowledging that nature has provided a bounty of energy which can be converted into electrical energy has created innovative ways of discovering materials that can be used to make a system that supports turning heat into electricity. In this regard, the paper presented different concepts that relate to how the whole energy creation process is done and discusses useful ways of turning heat into useful energy. Furthermore, the recommendations dictate that while advancements in the technology are given attention, the issue of the investment cost and how it will thrive in the market is still a question. Nevertheless, many developing and developed countries continue to express interest in this area, and most are actively using and exploring how solar power can be used in other ways. Photovoltaic systems which are used to pump water for people, livestock and plants are an important move for technology and use of solar energy. Pumping water system using this PV technology has shown that is simple and that it does not require a lot of maintenance. In this regard, the idea gained the interest of farmers whose main concern is providing sufficient water not only for themselves but also for their plants and crops and livestock. The only major difference to this is that the system relies on solar energy as a power source for the pumps.


Last year the Banting Memorial Lecture was given by a man preeminently qualified, Dr. Charles H. Best, Doctor Banting's co-worker and one of the world's leaders in physiology and in knowledge of diabetes. My own claim is nebulous—a medical student who saw Doctor Joslin treat one of the first patients in the United States to receive insulin, a young doctor who admired Doctor Banting for his work and for his kindliness to his visitors, a pathologist inspired to study diabetes by Doctor Joslin's insight and enthusiasm. Last year Doctor Best told you of the discovery of insulin, of its nature, of its action. This year I wish to present to you the effects of insulin insufficiency.


A central heating system is a basic facilities in modernization city. The systematic construction, configure, control, communication and applied effects of the central heating automatic control system arc introduced in this paper.


Drought tendency is significantly increasing and highly negative influencing causing of extreme impact of the over global climate change in the future and especial at river basins that is facing severe challenge for all water resources managers in the world. The early realization of drought event can help managers to have drought mitigation strategies, which is significantly able to damage reducing in river basins. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to provide methodology to assess and warn of drought by using of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. Based on the rainfall in the basin, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) series were determined by using fitting a probability density function, then the model was applied to simulate drought using this index series in the river basin. The simulated results obtained by using from the best model's parameters after they were calibrated and compared with the actual data, and it showed reasonably good agreement with the actual data. So the models can be used to warn droughts with reasonably accuracy. Besides, the results of the study also was indicated occurrence drought levels based on SPI index that were shown that the years 1990, 1992 represented severely dry and double of consecutive years of 2000-2001, 2003-2004, 2008-2009 represented extremely dry conditions in basin. Through results of the study provide useful methodology for managers to have drought mitigation strategies, which are significantly able to damage reducing, and suitable policies of water resources management in region.


A calculation of the stress distribution of ship's superstructure is presented, which is introduced by combining author's former calculation of the shear lag distribution of house wall with H. H. Bleich's bending theory of superstructure, so the effects of bending and shear lag are both taken into consideration in this calculation. The numerical calculation of one example is carried out by this theory and by H. H. Bleich's theory respectively, and the results obtained by each theory are compared with a good agreement except in the vicinity of the superstructure ends.


This letter presents the design, modeling, and characterization of a RF balun embedded in multilayer organic substrate. A Marchand‐type balun for 2.4‐GHz Bluetooth and WLAN applications has been designed and fabricated using the low cost organic package technology. Its four‐port measurement results show good electrical performance and close correlation with full‐wave simulation data demonstrating the successful implementation of the RF passive component completely integrated in build‐up layers of an organic package substrate. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 473–475, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22163


Diphtheria antitoxin that could be attributed to each immunoglobulin class (γG, γA and γM) in human sera was measured using radioiodinated diphtheria toxoid. Soluble toxoid-antitoxin complexes were formed, following which each immunoglobulin was precipitated with rabbit antisera specific for that class. Comparisons of the antigen-binding activity with toxin-neutralizing and hemagglutinating activities of the same samples indicated that the antitoxin associated with γG- and γA-globulins can quantitatively be measured by the technique.
 The kinetics of the response to immunization were studied by measuring antigen-binding activity of γG and γA antitoxins. In general, γG and γA antitoxins appeared in circulation at the same time after the immunization but there was no correlation between the concentration of the immunoglobulins and antitoxin belonging to the proteins. In addition, γA antitoxin was fractionated into polymer and monomer fractions; results of studies on these fractions suggested a preponderance of antitoxin activity associated with the polymer form of γA-globulin.


With the development of the information level of geological and mineral resources works, in order to organize and manage the huge spatial data, how to establish the spatial data model effectively is the vital problem. This paper introduces the sort and structure of the spatial data model briefly and then discusses the object-oriented data model in detail; at last, it emphasizes the method about how to use UML to establish the spatial data model.


Physics as a school subject is in general very unpopular. This fact is especially true for the situation in Austria. PISA results show that motivation, interest and self-efficacy of Austrian highschool students are significantly lower than the OECD average. In addition, a significant gender-gap in disadvantage for girls was shown. In general, one reason for low interest which was identified by previous research is that physics instruction is frequently decontextualized and students can hardly see any relevance of understanding physics for their lives. On the contrary, science and technology play a crucial and increasingly important role in our lives and in our globalized society. At the same time, edutainment focusing on science topics is booming. Interest studies like the ROSE-study may give reasons for this discrepancy: the choice of contexts does often not meet students' interests. This contribution reports the development of a context-oriented learning environment on light pollution to stimulate learning processes and at the same time interest in introductory optics.


Introduction: Virgin coconut oil (VCO), a saturated fat, has been reported to have anti-diabetic properties and there is dearth of information on its potency to correct abnormal haemostatic parameters associated with diabetic patients. Objectives: Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate effect of VCO consumption on abnormal haemostatic parameters in diabetic rats. Materials & Methods: A total of fifteen (15) male rats weighing 200–250g were divided into three (3) experimental groups: Normal control group (Group I) and Diabetic control group (Group II), both fed on normal rat chow for 4 weeks, and the Diabetic test group (Group III) , fed on 10% VCO diet for 4 weeks. The Group II and Group III rats were injected alloxan (150mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce diabetes. After 72 hours of injection, the blood glucose was determined to confirm hyperglycemia. At the end of the experiment, fibrinogen concentration, prothrombin, bleeding and clotting times were determined in the animals. Results: The results showed a significant increase in the fibrinogen concentration and prothrombin time of Group II compared to Group I and Group III. However, there was significant decrease in bleeding time of Group II when compared to that of Group I and Group III while the clotting time of Group II was significantly decrease compared to Group I. Conclusion: Thus, VCO normalizes abnormal haemostatic conditions in diabetics.


The employment of constellations as a presentation of Adorno's thought was more or less continuous component from that point of Adorno's cultural criticism. The degree of transformation of elements in Adorno's constellations cannot be significant or sustained; the suddenness of their transformation is attributable to the shallowness of the relations the analyst constructs around them. The sociohistorical reality that becomes visible will be conditioned by the interpreter's purpose and intellectual sources, and many of Adorno's essays exhibit only the most vague of sociohistorical contexts. Adorno's constellations, with their sudden, unexplained bursts of light differ from Benjamin's analysis of the baroque tragic dramas. In Adorno's hands the interpretation of the philosopher is fundamentally intuitive and subjective. The point is that what has been portrayed as a perspective informed by historico-religious practices has been illegitimately appropriated to ban secular models of action that would reveal and settle the future.Keywords: Adorno; constellations; images; messianism; philosophy; sociohistorical contexts


We discuss the shuffle product of the Schur multiple zeta values, which are the special values of Schur multiple zeta functions. We first define 2-labeled Schur posets to generalize Yamamoto's integral expression of the multiple zeta values and consider the product of hook-type Schur multiple zeta values by using these posets. Then, for the derived terms, we introduce a modified Hurwitz-type Schur multiple zeta function of hook type, named an elementary factorial Schur multiple zeta function. Furthermore, we generalize 2-labeled Schur posets to consider the shuffle product of the elementary factorial Schur multiple zeta values and obtain an explicit formula for their shuffle product.


This paper traces the interrelationship between changes in the British trade union and labour movement and the development of sociology in Britain since the war. It considers the ways in which both have been affected by economic and political changes and how different patterns of engagement have emerged in times of crisis.