By introducing the bosonic operator realization of angular momentum, we establish the entangled state representation for describing quantum mechanics of a particle on a circle. The phase operator, the angular momentum eigenstates, the lowering and ascending operators for angular momentum are all well expressed in the bosonic realization with the aid of appropriate entangled states, i.e. we establish a new formalism for the quantum mechanics of a particle on a circle.


ABSTRACT Background: Obesity has been on the rise in developed and developing countries such as Nigeria. Data from the WHO demonstrated the prevalence of obesity increased by 15% between 2002 and 2016 in Nigeria. Here, we examine the rate of obesity in Nigerian adults and the associated cause and impact on the population.


Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) is one approach to the pattern density multiplication required to achieve high-volume manufacturing of the next-generation memory and storage devices. One important application for DSA is in manufacturing of nanoimprint templates for the next-generation bit patterned media. A hybrid chemo-/grapho-epitaxy DSA process has been developed that produced 5 nm line-and-space DSA patterns on a chromium hard mask surface. The guide lines for this process were produced by imprint lithography. The process requires a polar guide stripe, which is the trim-etched imprint resist, and a near neutral substrate, which is the etched chromium. This requires selective grafting of near neutral polymer brushes to the etched chromium and not to the etched imprint guidelines. This selectivity is one critical requirement for the process [1]. Orientation and alignment of line-and-space patterns that traverse through the entire BCP film were successfully employed to pattern the chromium hard mask. We have investigated the reactivity of etched chromium surfaces with various polymer brush chemistries and found that the choice of the end-functional groups, monomer structures, and grafting temperature all play significant roles in selective functionalization. The etched chromium surface was found to be more reactive with various polymer brushes than etched silicon under mild brush grafting conditions. Hence, lower grafting temperatures could be exploited for achieving selectivity of polymer brush to the etched chromium while not reacting with the etched imprint guidelines. Thus, several polymer brushes that form a thin layer of brush on etched chromium were found to modify the surface energy of the etched chromium without significant interaction with the etched imprint resist. Successful pattern transfer of 5 nm line-and-space patterns was achieved. 1. Lane, A. P., et al. ACS Nano (2017), 11 (8), 7656–7665.


The present invention discloses a method of testing a cell reselection capability of a terminal, the method comprising: adjusting the current cell to the terminal resides, and into the high-speed moving mode or; adjusting the transmit power of the current cell and neighboring cells, such that current cell and neighbor cells satisfy the high-speed or medium-speed movement mode cell reselection from the current condition to the adjacent cell; adjusted to maintain the transmission power, until the time threshold value set in advance after, by detecting whether the terminal camps neighbor cells, the terminal detects whether a successful cell reselection. The present invention also discloses a device for testing the ability of the terminals in the cell reselection, the present invention achieves the terminal has the ability of a test cell reselection high speed or medium-speed mobility state, so that the actual generation may be provided with the terminal whether cell reselection certification and testing ability.


Information based on market prices can be a useful tool for assessing a bank's condition (see, eg, Flannery (1998)). Market prices contain all the information currently available to market participants and lend themselves to being combined into meaningful indicators supplying bank supervisors with additional assessment criteria. One such indicator may be the value of an explicit third-party guarantee for part or all of a bank's liabilities or the value of an implicit guarantee, eg under a de facto too-big-to-fail doctrine. A guarantee for bank liabilities transforms a formerly risky debt into a riskless obligation by shifting the risk from the creditors to the guarantor. As with every other insurance, such a transfer of risk has value for the insured party and imposes a cost on the insurer. Provided that the guarantee is politically binding, that cost is essentially the same for both explicit and implicit guarantees. The cost itself varies with the amount of risk transferred: high-risk banks impose high cost on the guarantor and vice versa. Because of the connection between the cost of the guarantee and the risk of the bank, estimates of that cost lend themselves to being used not only to fix actuarially fair insurance premia (ie compensations for third-party guarantees), but also to give bank supervisors an (additional) indication of the condition of a bank whether that bank has a guarantee or not. The question, of course, is how to estimate that cost.


Software has come to dominate system-on-chip (SoC) development. It is increasingly common for the software effort to be on the critical path of the project schedule. Only FPGA-based prototyping provides both the speed and accuracy necessary to develop and validate complex software integration prior to silicon. The exciting benefits of an FPGA-based prototype are: • Quick fine tuning of hardware/software integration and software validation pre-silicon • In-system device validation with real-time interfaces and in end application • Extended register transfer level (RTL) testing and debugging


Universal access to formal financial services, has been the priority among the policy makers, across all the countries. Financial Inclusion ensures that poor and vulnerable sections of the society, get an opportunity, to participate in the formal financial system, which reduces economic inequality and promotes economic growth. Financial inclusion is a key enabler, in the fight towards poverty eradication and fostering the economic growth. While there is an increasing focus on financial inclusion policies and initiatives, across all countries, there is also an increasing focus on the standards of measuring progress. Measuring the progress of financial inclusion is important not only to check the progress but also to keep it as a base, to fix up ambitious financial inclusion targets for the future. It is in this context that measuring financial inclusion becomes critical. The present study focuses on measuring the financial access and usage dimensions of financial services.


The absorption spectrum, the derivative spectrum, and the magnetic circular dichroism spectrum of methyl iodide are reported at various pressures in the energy range 48 000–59 000 cm−1 (i.e., the region of the 5p→6s Rydberg absorption bands). A method of determining the magnetic moment (μe) of a given electronic state is outlined, and the relative values of μe for the 5p→6s Rydberg vibronic bands are reported. These values lead to the identification of the four origin bands, the categorization of the pure electronic states with respect to angular momentum (in the linear molecule basis), and the assignment of all four of them. The MCD technique is a powerful tool for the assignment of vibrational bands: The value of μe and the sign of the MCD signature suffice to associate all bands to particular origins and to reveal detailed aspects of the vibronic coupling. Finally, the observed coupling of e vibrational and E electronic states of the symmetric top molecule provides insights into the nature of the vibro...


Paul in his first letter to the church at Corinthians condemned the church at Corinth. The criticism was made because the assembly there considered the Lord's banquet which they often held was a banquet in general, it was not separated from the banquets in public places. That supper is no longer remembered as the Lord's act on the last night with His Disciples. Paul concerning this phenomenon. In addition, the banquet at Corinth did not bring fellowship to the church, instead it brought division to the church. In this article, the author will discuss some of the main problems above contained in the text of 1 Corinthians, and draw on the theological meaning contained in the text.


Extrapyramidal symptoms have been reported with the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor antidepressants,particularly fluoxetine and paroxetine.We report one case of dysphagia induced by sertraline and — based on a review of the literature — propose a possible mechanism for this side effect.


The invention discloses an intelligent vibration compensation mechanical arm, a robot and a vibration measurement method of the vibration intelligent compensation mechanical arm, and belongs to the field of mechanical engineering. The intelligent vibration compensation mechanical arm comprises a body frame, a piezoelectric ceramic actuator and a strain sensor. The body frame is of an integrally-machined truss-like structure. The strain sensor is installed on the body frame and used for measuring the deformation condition of the body frame in the movement process and feeding back a measurement result to a control system. The piezoelectric ceramic actuator is installed in the body frame and used for compensating for the deformation of the body frame in the moving processing under the action of the control system. The mechanical arm achieves the mechanical arm vibration inhibition in the high-speed and high-precision light-load mechanical field and aims to achieve active vibration inhibition on the mechanical arm by installing intelligent vibration detection and compensation elements in the mechanical arm, and finally the executing precision of the system is improved.


photogrammetric to the requirements of many applications in different fields of daily life. This with the establishment of a 3D real scale model from a block of images (18 images) that were captured by using Canon EOS 500D digital camera to cover a test field area consisting of 90 artificial target points, 25 of them are ground control points (GCPs) The analytical photogrammetric processes including the calculation of interior orientation parameters (IOPs) of the camera during the camera calibration process, exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) of the camera in each capturing, and the object space (ground) coordinates of the model are calculated simultaneously based on collinearity equation using bundle block adjustment method (BBA). Assessment and validation of the accuracy of the results is an important task in this study that was implemented to determine and analyze the errors of 3D coordinates through linear regression analysis (LRA). Root mean square error (RMSE) is the statistical parameter that was used in the statistical analysis of results. The standard error is another statistical parameter which also used to evaluate the accuracy of locations and rotation angles (EOPs) of cameras. The total RMSE (RMSE)xyz of GCPs is ± 2.530 mm while the total RMSE (RMSExyz) of CPs is ± 2.740 mm. The overall accuracy of the work is 5.000 mm.


: Calcium phosphate bone paste (BIOPEX ® ) is a material for medical use to cover bone defects. It changes from a paste form to hydroxyapatite solid form with time and offers many advantages as a material for vocal fold injection. Preparation and injection procedures are easy because the material is provided in a kit and is a paste form when injected. As material absorption is minimal over a long period, therapeutic effect is stable for long duration. In addition, its solidity after injection enables this material to be used in patients with large posterior glottal gap. The technique we established calls for injection of the material into the lateral side of the vocal process to the adduct arytenoid cartilage using an expandable laryngoscope (FK or Weerda type) and video laryngo-pharyngoscope system. Holding with forceps after injection, to keep the cartilage in good position for a few minutes until the material solidifies, makes this procedure more successful. We also invented a novel trans-oral vocal fold closing method by injecting BIOPEX into both vocal folds taking advantage of arytenoid adduction. Vocal fold injection with BIOPEX in this trans-oral technique has effect similar to thyroplasty type I and arytenoid adduction.


Determining the aero-icing characteristics is key for safety assurance in aviation, but it may be a computationally expensive task. This work presents a framework for the development of low-dimensional models for application to aerofoil icing. The framework builds on: an adaptive sampling strategy to identify the local, nonlinear features across the icing envelope for continuous intermittent icing; a classic technique based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition, and a modern Neural Network architecture. The extreme diversity in simulated ice shapes, from smooth and streamlined to rugged and irregular shapes, motivated the use of an unsupervised classification of the ice shapes. This allowed deploying the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition locally within each sub-region, sensibly improving the prediction accuracy over the global model. On the other hand, the Neural Network architecture and the convolutional auto-encoder were found insensitive to the complexity in ice shapes. A strong correlation was found to exist between the ice shape, resulting ice mass and aerodynamic performance of the iced aerofoil, both in terms of the average and variance. On average, rime ice causes a loss of maximum lift coefficient of 21.5% compared to a clean aerofoil, and the average ice thickness is 0.9% of the aerofoil chord. For glaze ice, the average loss of maximum lift coefficient is 46.5% and the average ice thickness is 2.1%. Glaze ice was also found to have three times more surface coverage than rime ice.


The third-generation collective leadership of Communist Party of China which was led by Jiang Zemin attaches great importance to culture and cultural construction.They conduct a positive and fruitful exploration and put forward a series of important thesis on culture to guide the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics.But we said that any developments of scientific theory are historical products of in a particular period,Jiang Zemin's culture thought as well.At the beginning of new century China is facing many new problems,Jang Zemin's culture thought is to solve these problems."The reason for the supply of crystal clear water is because there is fresh water supply from the source of the stream" is a product of practice,and it is a reflection of the times.In this paper,we study background of Jiang Zemin's culture thought from theory and reality,which has significance when we need further in-depth study of Jang Zemin's culture thought.


As prices for so-called urban art (a term often used to describe the studio work of artists associated with the street art world) have risen over the last decade, the removal of and trading in actual street artworks has become increasingly widespread. This paper discusses what happens to ephemeral, often site specific, artworks when they are taken from the street and put on the art market. Many street artists, street art enthusiasts and art collectors consider the removal of and trading in street artworks to be problematic, and they – along with some auction houses and galleries – dispute both the artistic and monetary value of such objects. However, my research shows that attitudes towards the removal and sale of street artworks vary depending on the wishes of the relevant artist. Instead of deeming an artwork authentic – and attributing to it a market value – on the basis that it was originally created by a certain artist, the removed street artwork's status is also contingent on the recognition by the artist – or the artist's representative – of it as an artwork in its current form. Drawing on cases of removed street artworks that have gone to auction or sold privately in the last decade, I demonstrate the removed artworks' uncertain commodity status. I also argue that while there currently is a widespread discourse labelling removed street artworks as "stolen" (from the public) and "worthless", precedents such as preserved examples of Keith Harring's chalk drawings from the New York subway indicate that this commodity status may change over time. (Less)


【Objective】The objective of this study is to build a rapid screening recipe of hexaconazole suspension concentrate.【Method】The suspension system was divided into wetting dispersants and antisettling agents by using the method,and then used,respectively,to the triangle-coordinate figure.In order to shorten the screening period,the method replaced grinding with shearing to obtain samples,and the important and quality performance indices such as viscosity,water separation ratio,suspensibility and dispersion were selected.The optimum recipe was obtained by further screening,based on determining a better region in the triangle rectangular coordinate.【Result】The optimum formulation of 5% hexaconazole SC was determined: 5% hexaconazole,0.5% NP-10,1% 1602,3.5% VSI-B88,0.025% XG,2% magnesium aluminum silicatenf,2.5% Na-Ben,3% ethylene glycol and fill water to 100%.Throughout the selection process,1 040 g sample and 13 hours were consumed,which was more efficient than the conventional method.That replaced grinding with shearing could save time 3/4 and save 1/2 or more raw materials.【Conclusion】The technological assay established in this study is a rapid,high efficient and simple tool for screening the formulation of SC.


Purpose: Upper eyelid retraction is the most common sign of thyroid eye disease (TED). The results of traditional surgical procedures to correct upper eyelid retraction have been limited by unreliable postoperative eyelid height and contour. We investigate the outcome of the surgical correction of upper eyelid retraction using a modification of the full-thickness blepharotomy technique initially described by Elner et al. Methods: Fifty-three patients (78 eyelids) underwent a modified full-thickness blepharotomy. Results: Symmetry (within 1 mm) was achieved in 40 patients (75.5%) and symmetry (within 2 mm) was achieved in 43 cases (81.1%). Of the 53 patients, 8 (15.1%) required reoperation. Conclusions: Our surgical approach can be performed efficiently and produces predictably satisfactory eyelid height even in severely retracted eyelids.


The objective of this study was to examine the contributing role of socio-economic status on adherence to directives from the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB) separatist group. A descriptive survey was used for the study, while 325 participants were sampled using the respondents' chain referral sampling technique. The study showed that socio-economic factors such as income, education and employment status contribute 35.5% to determine compliance with IPOB directives. The results of the multiple regression analysis achieved a statistical significance, R2 = 0.355, p = 0.001, F(3,310) = 51.524. Finally, we explored the implication of these results on Integrated Separatist Agitation Theory and highlighted the scholarly and practical implications.


Pyramidal signs are common but often under‐recognized in multiple system atrophy (MSA). The clinicopathological correlates of pyramidal signs in MSA are not well characterized. The present study aims to understand the role of pyramidal signs in MSA.


OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effect of Zhuyu Tongfu mixture (ZYTFM) in curing enterogenus infection.

METHODS
Experimental model of enterogenous infection in mice caused by endotoxin was used. The positive translocation trate (PTR) and mumber of viable bacteria in viscera and serum level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured before and after ZYTFM treatment.

RESULTS
The PTR and number of viable bacteria in liver, spleen and mesocolon in the ZYTFM group were much lower than those in the model group and the placebo group (P < 0.01). Whereas the SOD level of the ZYTFM group was significantly higher than that in the latter two groups (P < 0.05-0.01). Pathological examination displayed that ZYTFM could markedly alleviate the mucosal damage of small intestine.

CONCLUSION
ZYTFM has an obvious curative effect on enterogenous infections induced by endotoxin.


Many UAVs are in the market place but few are very profitable. After studying the lessons learned form our predecessors, a commercial off the shelf approach was chosen to meet the price performance challenge. A multi-mission capable aircraft was chosen to provide exposure to the widest possible market. Using an analysis tool developed for DARPA, the Vigilante VTOL UAV was successfully competed against both Outrider and Predator.


This paper summarizes four kinds of pile-rock interface models that are frequently used in FEM simulation for rock-socketed pile.An improved hyperbolic model of load-transfer for rock-socketed pile is proposed to resolve the problem of parameter selection based on the most common and effective hyperbolic model of load-transfer according to the elastic solution of thick-wall cylinder and the theoretical research about the shear strength of the discontinuities ordered roughness without filler(Patton(1966)).The "Load Transfer-FEM" named united model is put forward according to FRIC subroutine which applies the improved hyperbolic model of load-transfer on the strength of the ABAQUS(CAE).The bearing behavior and load transfer mechanism for rock-socketed pile reflected by the results from applying united model to analyze static loading test agree well with field measurements.


This paper considers the accuracy of the modified structural number approach in estimating pavement strength and a revised method is developed which greatly improves the reproducibility of such calculations and largely eliminates the subjective judgements that were often required. (A)


The objective of this work was to determine the training needs of producers and technicians dedicated to the cultivation of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in different production scenarios of the province Mayabeque, Cuba. With this purpose, a survey was applied to producers. The data were processed by means of Microsoft Excel © 2003 electronic spreadsheets; the frequencies of answer appearance were determined, and the multiple comparisons of proportions and the χ 2 test of independence were applied. It was found that some alternative for pest control is applied in only 54 % of the farms, and that 100 % of them resort to chemical control, with little use of agroecological practices and little knowledge of the services offered by the ecosystem. These results showed a lack of information and training of the producers concerning pest management. Only 16 % of the respondents had received education and training in pest, including the absence of a state agricultural extension service in the sector, causing the efforts to bring scientific results to producers to be insufficient.


journal, and other passages are written for Western specialists who need familiar points of reference. I am interested to know what your project would look like if it weren't obligated to the readers of The Ait Bulletin. What is the ideal form of your essay? What theoretical sources are essential to make its points? In the best of all worlds, in ajournal of infinite length, with readers of infinite scholarly capacity, who do not require persuading or introductions, who are more than "vaguely familiar" with the painting, who know the literature from Badiou to Susan Bush, could your project leave "social art history" behind and find its own voice?


Increasing the capabilities of sensors and computer algorithms produces a need for structural support that would solve recurring problems. Autonomous tribotronic systems self-regulate based on feedback acquired from interacting surfaces in relative motion. This paper describes a software framework for tribotronic systems. An example of such an application is a rolling element bearing (REB) installation with a vibration sensor. The presented plug-in framework offers functionalities for vibration data management, feature extraction, fault detection, and remaining useful life (RUL) estimation. The framework was tested using bearing vibration data acquired from NASA's prognostics data repository, and the evaluation included a run-through from feature extraction to fault detection to remaining useful life estimation. The plug-in implementations are easy to update and new implementations are easily deployable, even in run-time. The proposed software framework improves the performance, efficiency, and reliability of a tribotronic system. In addition, the framework facilitates the evaluation of the configuration complexity of the plug-in implementation.


Background: In Australia, national smoking prevalence has successfully fallen below 20%, but remains about 50% amongst Indigenous Australians. Australian Indigenous tobacco control is framed by the idea that nothing has worked and a sense of either despondency or the difficulty of the challenge.


Background: Exertional breathlessness is the cardinal symptom in cardiorespiratory disease. We aimed to validate recently developed normative reference equations to evaluate breathlessness abnormality during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) in people with chronic airflow limitation. Methods: Analysis of people aged 40 years or older with chronic airflow limitation undergoing CPET in the Canadian Cohort Obstructive Lung Disease (CanCOLD) study. Breathlessness intensity ratings (Borg 0-10 category ratio scale [CR10]) were evaluated in relation to power output (W), rate of oxygen uptake (VO2), and minute ventilation (VE) at peak exercise using normative reference equations as: 1) probability of breathlessness normality, defined as the predicted probability of the Borg CR10 rating among healthy references, with lower probability reflecting more severe breathlessness; and 2) presence of abnormal breathlessness, defined as a Borg CR10 intensity rating above the upper limit of normal (ULN). Validity of breathlessness severity (lower probability of normality) and abnormality (>ULN) was evaluated as correlations with relevant participant-reported and physiologic outcomes. Results: We included 330 participants (44% women): mean(SD) age 64(10) years (range 40-89), FEV1/FVC 57.3(8.2)%, FEV1 75.6(17.9)%predicted. Relative to peak W, VO2 and VE, abnormal breathlessness was present in 22.7%, 21.5%, and 15.2% of participants, respectively. For all equations, people with abnormal breathlessness had worse lung function, exercise capacity, self-reported symptom burden, physical activity, health-related quality of life, and physiological abnormalities during CPET. Conclusion: Evaluation of breathlessness abnormality using CPET normative reference equations was valid in people with chronic airflow limitation.


The invention provides a prepuce stitching staple. The staple comprises staple legs and a crossbeam, the crossbeam is composed of a staple bridge and an auxiliary piece, and the inner surface of the crossbeam is a non-planar surface. According to the prepuce stitching staple, the staple is formed under the drive of an advancing component of an instrument, tissues can be closed tightly, the stitching can be completed, the area of the crossbeam which is composed of the staple bridge and the auxiliary piece is large, and the inner surface of the crossbeam is the non-planar surface, so that the prepuce stitching staple is not prone to being wrapped by the tissues, therefore after the wound is healed, the prepuce stitching staple can fall off automatically under the action of long-time slow peristalsis of the tissues.


Optical tweezers are considered as a revolution, allowing for manipulating particles ranging in scale from a few hundred nanometers (nm) to several micrometers (μm). Near‐field optical force allows effective trapping of a broad range of entities, from atom to living cells. Yet, there are formidable challengings for existing on‐chip photonic trapping techniques to simultaneously handle at will multiple entities with cross‐scales (i.e., from nm to μm). Herein, optical transportation and trapping of polystyrene particles with the different diameters are demonstrated in optofluidic nanophotonic sawtooth waveguide array (ONSWA) made of chalcogenide alloys Sb2Se3. The chalcogenide ONSWA produces sawtooth‐like light fields that can be actively modulated via the phase transition of Sb2Se3. Particularly, the chalcogenide ONSWA can stably trap the polystyrene particles with the diameters of 500 nm and 1 μm for both the amorphous and crystalline states, respectively. It is experimentally demonstrated that the phase transition of Sb2Se3 from amorphous to crystalline and vice versa can be achieved in nanoseconds. Using the technique of nanosecond laser‐induced phase transition of Sb2Se3, a dynamically reconfigurable size‐sorting of objects on the identical ONSWA is proposed.


A prolonged exposure of zinc monocrystals to P/sup 32/ BETA irradiation resulted in reduced yield strength while a short property of the metal. (R.V.J.)


Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) is a new energy generation technology, which has received extensive attention in recent years. The research on the field level of Concentrating Solar power station is a difficult and hot topic in the research of Concentrating Solar power station at present, In this paper, the energy transfer process and heat transfer. Their basic operation models and economic models are established respectively. The results show that the efficiency and stability of CSP power station can be improved by improving the concentrating ability of the concentrating solar field, the utilization ratio of the heat storage tank and the thermal conversion efficiency.


In this paper, we tackle the problem of safely stabilizing an originally (partially) unknown system while ensuring that it does not leave a prescribed 'safe set' whose structure itself depends on the unknown part of the system's dynamics. For this aim, we apply a popular approach based on control Lyapunov functions (CLF), control barrier functions (CBF), and Gaussian processes (to build confidence set around the unknown term), which has proved successful in the known-safe set setting. However, with the mentioned safety set structure, we witness the introduction of higher-order terms to be estimated and bounded with high probability using only system state measurements. In this paper, we build on the recent literature on Gaussian Processes (GPs) and reproducing kernels to address the challenge and show how to modify the CLF-CBF-based approach correspondingly to obtain safety guarantees. To overcome the intractability of verification of these conditions on the continuous domain, we apply discretization of the state space and use Lipschitz continuity properties of dynamics to derive equivalent CLF and CBF certificates in discrete state space. Finally, we discuss the strategy for the control design aim using the derived certificates.


t. There is a need to develop an infrastructure to support and maintain teaching that both challenge all students at their knowledge level and open up the possibility to applying mathematical knowl ...


America Bookoo stock limited company has brought a lawsuit against Hong Kong TOM.COM LIM ITED.This article introduces this case,give some law analysis and technology analysis about network linking set up by Hong Kong TOM.COM LIM ITED,then fetch out the intellectual property problems posed by digital library in network linking,put forward some corresponding solution measure at last.


Recently, much effort has been put into the application of information technology in all product manufacturing processes in order to introduce new products to the market more rapidly and efficiently and trim the cost for product development. Especially, digital production supports all the manufacturing activities based on a digital plant. The digital plant refers to the computer model that materializes the integrated modeling of the product, process, production equipment, and environment for an actual manufacturing plant. Virtual reality (VR) technologies also have been developing rapidly and are being implemented in the manufacturing field; they provide the conditions for evaluating products and plants in realistic virtual space. Many studies have already been undertaken about VR-based technologies such as computer graphics, 3D displays, human—computer interface, and virtual prototyping, which are being practically applied in the manufacturing industry. In order to create a prototype, earlier studies were focused on methods using product data but there is a technical requirement to review the plant that consists of products, processes, facilities, and labor. Furthermore, the quality of VR data depends on the worker (or designer) because this procedure converts only the geometry of computer-aided design data to VR data; everything else depends on the engineer's ability and experience. Consequently, there is no consistent procedure that reflects engineering factors such as events and properties, which were included in the design stage. This article introduces a rule-based system that creates a virtual prototype through the data of product, process, plant, and resource for virtual plant review and suggests a new procedure for virtual plant review.


The Strategy presented in this report was developed through the Australian Women's Health Network Talking Circle in 2009-2010. Over 400 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women were involved in the consultations. The Action Areas and Recommendations presented in this Strategy were raised and discussed by the women who contributed to the Talking Circle.

This Strategy is not intended to replace any other national or state/territory identified priorities or needs. Instead, this Strategy supplements other work.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women experience extremely poor health outcomes. They have a right to determine for themselves what their health system will look like. This Strategy is part of that process. If Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women continue to have their sense of identity marginalised and eroded, they will continue to have the poorest health of any group of women in Australian society.


Electrical and mechanical modifications of devices based on carbon nanotubes(CNTs) using an atomic force microscope(AFM) in the forms of cutting and reconnection of CNTs are demonstrated. In addition to the modifications, electrostatic force microscopy is used to visualize the cutting and reconnection of CNTs. In this way, AFM is shown to be a useful tool in local modifications and manipulations of CNT-based devices.


Medical geographical thinking in HuangDi NeiJing are elucidated from the relation of geographical environment and climate,and physique,and longevity,and etiology,and disease prevention,as well as the relation of modern personnel in hygienic field and climate changes,etc.which combined with modern research results are further proved as a science.The study on influence of geographical environment on health in HuangDi NeiJing could be taken as a guide of modern medicine.


Recently it has become apparent that the mechanism of amide hydrolysis in relatively dilute strong acid media is the same as the one observed for ester and benzimidate hydrolysis, two water molecules reacting with the O-protonated amide in the rate-determining step. This is not the whole story, however, at least for benzamide, N-methylbenzamide, and N,N-dimethylbenzamide, since the observed rate constants for these substrates deviate upwards from the observed excess acidity correlation lines at acidities higher than about 60% H2SO4, meaning that another, faster, reaction with a different mechanism is taking over at higher acidities. It has never been clear what this latter mechanism was until the work reported in this paper. An exhaustive excess acidity analysis of all the available measured reaction rate constants for the three substrates in three different acidic media, aqueous H2SO4, aqueous HClO4, and aqueous HCl, shows that this second mechanism involves a second rate-determining proton transfer to t...


Differences in the results of vestibular function tests between the pre-and posttreatment stage were assessed for 184 patients with Meniere's disease. The vestibular function tests included were:Mann's test, writing test, spontaneous nystagmus, positional nystagmus, positioning nystagmus, caloric test, and cupulometry.Among these tests, the result of cupulometry corresponded most accurately with the subjective symptoms (vertigo).


The concept of storage or body burden is more important in relation to the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides than to other groups of synthetic pesticides because of the relatively greater persistence of the former in human tissues. For this reason, the present paper will deal primarily with the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides, although limited consideration will also be given to the organic phosphorus and carbamate compounds. The chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides and many of their metabolites are stored in adipose tissue in exposed animals. This fact is not surprising in view of the known solubility of these compounds in fats and fat solvents and their practical insolubility in aqueous solvents. However, the quantitative differences in storage among these compounds d o not parallel the differences in their solubility in fat. For example, in studies with rats, Sedlak (1965) noted that the equilibrium storage levels of BHC isomers following dietary intake were unrelated to the solubility of the compounds in rat fat, with the exception that solubility was a limiting factor. Among the factors that may influence storage are compound, intensity and duration of dosage, efficiency of absorption, species, age, sex, nutritional status, and the integrity of organs, especially the liver and kidneys (Hayes, 1965) . Recent work with experimental animals has shown that storage levels of some chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides can also be modified by previous or concurrent doses of drugs (Cueto & Hayes, 1965; Street et al., 1966) or other pesticides (Street, 1964) . It is a fundamental axiom in pharmacology that all compounds reach, or at least approach, a steady state of storage, in which the daily dosage and the daily excretion are equal, provided the dosage is constant and is tolerated by the organism. FIGURE 1 shows the increase of D D E storage in body fat in rats with continued dosage, the eventual attainment of a steady state, and the relatively slow loss of the compound from storage. For a given compound and species, there will be a different plateau level of storage for each dosage. In general, doubling the dosage will double the storage, but in some instances storage may not increase quite as rapidly as dosage. Apparently, the major factor that accounts for the occurrence of this plateau with regard to storage of the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides is the fact that, in the excretion of these compounds, a constant proportion of the stored material is lost per unit time; thus, the daily excretion of DDT, for example, is greater when the storage is high than when it is low. As an analogy, one might consider a hydraulic example, in which water flows into a bucket from a faucet (dosage) and out through a hole in the bottom (excretion). I n this example, the rate of water outflow through the hole varies with the depth of water in the bucket, being more rapid when the water level is high and slower when the level is low. It is evident that, at a constant inflow (dosage), one will eventually reach a water level in which inflow and outflow are exactly balanced. This corresponds to the steady state or plateau level. An additional factor that may play some role in the attainment of the storage level plateau is the induction of microsomal enzymes. I t is known that continued exposure to low levels of a number of the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides


The reactions of 2-, 3-, and 4-cyanopyridine with NaN(3) in the presence of H(2)O and Lewis acid (ZnCl(2)) afford discrete monomer, (2-PTZ)(2)Zn(H(2)O)(2) (1), 3D diamondoid-like network (3-PTZ)(2)Zn (2), and 2D layered network (4-PTZ)Zn(OH)(H(2)O) (3), respectively (PTZ = 5-(pyridyl)tetrazolato). Their solid state structures and natures give new insight into the Sharpless reaction of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole. Interestingly, 2 crystallizes in a noncentrosymmetric space group and its powdered sample is second-harmonic generation active.


Abstract : The Research Approach and Objectives were to: To develop robust theoretical model for a wide class of electro-optical systems; to extend the known capabilities, by design of new, more efficient algorithms for electro- optical computing using less time, volume, and energy. In particular, to develop efficient algorithms that use optimal combinations of time, volume, and energy on electro-optical computing systems; and to determine the fundamental theoretical limitations and capabilities of electro-optical computing systems. In particular, to determine lower bounds on tradeoffs between volume, time and other resources (such as energy) of any electro-optical computing systems to solve fundamental problems. (KR)


This study was designed to evaluate the hepatotoxic effect of Securidaca longipedunculata in adult wistar rats. Twenty four male (24) rats were randomized into four groups of six rats each (n=6) and treated as follows: Group one was administered normal saline (10 ml/kg), groups two, three and four were administered 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg doses of methanolic leaf extract of securidaca longipedunculata (MLESL) respectively. Administration was carried out by oral gavage for a period of twenty eight (28) days. At the end of experiment, animals were euthanized and blood samples collected, from which sera was obtained and used to assay for liver enzymes levels; Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine amino transferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Liver tissues were harvested and used for histological study. Serum AST level was significantly elevated (P< 0.05) in all the extract treated groups; 60 mg/kg (49.50±1.23), 120 mg/kg (51.17 ±1.17) and 240 mg/kg (51.50±0.65) when compared to the control (44.17±1.74). A significant increase (P< 0.05) in serum ALT and ALP levels were observed in the 240 mg/kg extract treated group; (56.25±1.38) and (86.75±1.11) respectively when compared to the control (49.50±1.38). In conclusion, the extract has a good safety profile at low to moderate dose but has shown toxic potential at high dose over long use.


Medicine notebook is used to keep a record of medication history as part of the personal health information management in Japan. An electronic medicine notebook system has many benefits compared to the paper notebook, but it requires high security. In this paper, a novel secure electronic medicine notebook system is proposed. Records of users' access to patients' personal information and medicine history are stored by use of blockchain. Hyperledger Fabric is used to implement the blockchain network of the proposed system, and the performance of it is measured by experiments.


Behavioral problems are common after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI), but poorly understood. In this article we review ten common behavioral problems observed in children after TBI and consider the factors that appear to contribute to their expression. Both neurological and non-neurological variables can interact in a complicated way to produce behavioral problems in school-age children following TBI. We conclude with suggestions for the management and treatment of these behavioral problems in a manner that hopefully will reduce parental distress and disruptive behaviors of the child in school.


- Dumping of municipal solid waste in an open dumping site is a big threat to the environment affecting all the natural resources. This threat reaches to groundwater through leachate which even though takes a lot of time to percolate, through the soil profile and rocks beneath, and reach the water table but once contaminated it is very difficult to clean the groundwater. This has given a motto to attempt a study on the groundwater quality analysis of the area in and around Mathuradaspura dumping site which is receiving around 500 to 600 tonnes of solid waste daily from Jaipur Municipal Corporation. The study was taken up during 2020 and about 26 water samples were collected from the dump site and its vicinity. These samples were analysed for basic quality parameters and heavy metals. The variability of water quality in the area was figured out by subjecting the parameters to multivariate statistical analysis including correlation analysis (CA), Principal component analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). Abstract- Dumping of municipal solid waste in an open dumping site is a big threat to the environment affecting all the natural resources. This threat reaches to groundwater through leachate which even though takes a lot of time to percolate, through the soil profile and rocks beneath, and reach the water table but once contaminated it is very difficult to clean the groundwater. This has given a motto to attempt a study on the groundwater quality analysis of the area in and around Mathuradaspura dumping site which is receiving around 500 to 600 tonnes of solid waste daily from Jaipur Municipal Corporation. The study was taken up during 2020 and about 26 water samples were collected from the dump site and its vicinity. These samples were analysed for basic quality parameters and heavy metals. The variability of water quality in the area was figured out by subjecting the parameters to multivariate statistical analysis including correlation analysis (CA), Principal component analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). Correlation analysis and PCA helped in establishing the inter-relationship of the quality parameters and major parameters responsible for deciding the groundwater quality of the area and their possible causes, respectively. The PCA confirmed the results of CA by classifying the parameters into four principal components that area responsible for total 76% variance of hydrochemical data of the study area. The application of HCA has resulted into the formation of three clusters each of Q and R modes depending on dominant chemical composition which describes the spatial distribution of samples and the possible causes influencing the groundwater quality of the study area.


The Sierra de Pie de Palo of northwest Argentina preserves middle to lower crustal metamorphic rocks that were penetratively deformed during Ordovician accretion of the Precordillera terrane to the Gondwana margin. New structural, petrologic, and geochronologic data from a 40 km structural transect reveals that the Sierra de Pie de Palo preserves a middle to lower crustal ductile thrust complex consisting of individual structural units and not an intact ophiolite and cover sequence. Top‐to‐the‐west thrusting occurred intermittently on discrete ductile shear zones from ∼515 to ∼417 Ma and generally propagated toward the foreland with progressive deformation. Ordovician crustal shortening and peak metamorphic temperatures in the central portion of the Sierra de Pie de Palo were synchronous with retro‐arc shortening and magmatic flare‐up within the Famatina arc. Accretion of the Precordillera terrane resulted in the end of arc flare‐up and the onset of synconvergent extension by ∼439 Ma. Continued synextensional to postextensional convergence was accommodated along progressively lower grade shear zones following terrane accretion and the establishment of a new plate margin west of the Precordillera terrane. The results support models of Cordilleran orogens that link voluminous arc magmatism to periods of regional shortening. The deformation, metamorphic, and magmatic history within the Sierra de Pie de Palo is consistent with models placing the region adjacent to the Famatina margin in the middle Cambrian and not as basement to the Precordillera terrane.


Flood is the most significant natural disaster in Malaysia from perspective of
population affected, frequency, area extent and disruption to socio-economic
activities. Apart from implementing structural flood mitigation programmers, DID
also carries out non structural flood mitigation measures which include developing
and operating the flood warning system in Malaysia. This report outlines the design
and development of water level sensor used in the flood warning system. The circuit
designed and development and application will be discussed in detail. The report will
also describe the current available warning systems in the market.


In this paper, a gas-electricity-heat integrated energy system with smart buildings is described. The special focus is flexible energy demand including electricity and heat integrated into the smart buildings, where customers have multiple options to satisfy their energy demand. Considering energy prices in the market, the aggregator is introduced to manage these smart buildings in the most economical way. This paper proposes a bi-level programming approach for the integration of flexible demand in the combined smart energy system (CoSES). The integrated system operator (ISO) maximizes social welfare subject to the operation strategy of the aggregator, which minimizes the energy purchase cost of downstream demand. Then, the bi-level optimization problem is transformed into a tractable single-level problem by using the linearization method and the Karush-Kuhn- Tucker (KKT) conditions. The proposed approach is illustrated in a modified test system.


The Induction Machine employing vector control is an unbeatable solution in high performance economical industrial servo drive applications. We present in this paper a high performance and robust controller applied to the induction motor. The proposed solution is based on a quasi Parameter Varying Approach framework to overcome the high non-linearity of dynamic model in rotating d,q frame. The LPV framework has been widely and successfully applied to robust nonlinear control to provide stability under model uncertainties. The numerical simulation results obtained show benefits of proposed solution in electrical drive systems.


The article focuses on the problem to estimate efficiency of signal detection in mobile wireless sensor networks. It is shown that it is necessary to take account of routing to solve this task. Simulation results are obtained


It is generally believed that Morkinskinna was composed during the period 1217-1220. The author of Morkinskinna portrays Harald Gille as a weak and unwise king. This picture is reinforced when he, unaware of the plot leading to his assassination, reveals which of his two women he will be sleeping with during the night to come. Morkinskinna mentions proportionately few women, most of them only in passing. Given the focus of kings' sagas as political portraits of men, it is primarily the political aspects of the relationship between men and women that are in focus. This chapter examines the importance of marriage and cohabitation as reflected in Morkinskinna , or whether the saga's account of the use and misuse of women can be seen as a way of conveying information about the kings' capabilities as political leaders. It then focuses on one specific marriage and the turmoil it created. Keywords: Harald Gille; kings' capabilities; kings' sagas; kingship; Morkinskinna ; political leaders; women


Combat pathology, particularly mine-blast injury is the main cause of military casualties. In our country, as a factor of destabilization, are widely used terrorist attacks using explosive devices of different capacities. Blast injury over 60% is cause of military casualties during armed conflicts. It is known that the condition for the formation of air-shock wave is creating waves of pressure, which is distributed at supersonic speed as possible with pulsed gas explosion and expansion of compression ambient air. The brain, chest, abdomen, and bladder are the most sensitive parts of the human body to blast. But the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of post-traumatic explosion-induced disorders, namely, neurodegenerative complications psychosomatic, cognitive impairment, currently not fully understood and are not clear enough for an adequate therapy. The purpose of the study was to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of experimental models of blast-induced injury and to improve method and compressed air-driven shock tube. Material and methods. We used the following methods: analysis and evaluation of experimental models of explosion-induced injury by scientific publications, monographs and invention obtained in stages patent information search in the library collection of the State institution "Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine" (October 2019), a retrospective search of the literature database PubMed (February 2020). Results and discussion. A retrospective analysis of the number of literary sources on the experimental reproduction of explosive trauma has shown a high interest of a large circle of scientists in the last decade. A qualitative study of scientific publications has shown a wide range of physical characteristics of an experimental shock wave, methods and devices for simulating an explosive injury. The absence of a standardized model of explosive injury with characteristics as close as possible to real circumstances creates conditions for the implementation of our own proposals. Conclusion. This work presents a tested modified experimental model for reproducing an air shock wave under laboratory conditions, which makes it possible to study the features of the course of an explosive injury of various organs and organ systems at various periods after injury


Amino acid-based amphiphilic block copolymers involving poly(N-acryloyl-L-alanine), poly(A-Ala-OH), which exhibits a characteristic chiroptical property and pH-dependent solubility, have been synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The direct polymerization of A-Ala-OH without any protecting chemistry using the dithiocarbamate-terminated polystyrene or poly(N-acryloyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester) as a macrochain transfer agent produced well-defined amphiphilic block copolymers. The self-assembly behaviors and chiroptical properties of these amphiphilic block copolymers in selective solvents were investigated by dynamic light scattering, circular dichroism, and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods.


We have studied electron backscattering from heavily doped source/drain extensions using both the solution of Boltzmann equation and Monte Carlo simulation, for a simple case of monochromatic incident "beam" of ballistic electrons. For the case of elastic scattering, numerical results for the total reflection coefficient R may be well described by a simple expression which has a clear physical sense within the Landauer formalism of mesoscopic transport. The reduction of R due to inelastic scattering was also analyzed using Monte Carlo simulation. We believe that our work paves a way toward simple and accurate modeling of nanoscale MOSFETs with thin electrode extensions.


OBJECTIVE: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) is still the leading cancer-caused mortality in China,and 5-year survival remains poor. The aim of this study is to survey the ability that coexpression of Fascin and EGFR predicts ESCC prognosis. METHODS:We collected 189 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded esophageal curative resection specimens,and then constructed tissue microarray. Immunohistochemistry(IHC) was used for detecting the co-expression of Fascin and EGFR. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 13.0 for windows. RESULTS:Our IHC results showed that positive rates of high-expression of Fascin and EGFR were 35.4% and 56.1%,respectively. Positive rate of co-expression of Fascin and EGFR was 29.5%. The Kendall's tau-b correlation analysis indicated that EGFR expression was associated with regional lymph node metastasis. Positive rate of EGFR without regional lymph node metastasis was 49.6%,while it was 68.7% with regional lymph node metastasis,P=0.014. KaplanMeier survival analysis showed that high-expression of Fascin and EGFR were associated with poor survival,whileco-expression of Fascin and EGFR presented poorer survival. Pearson's rank correlation analysis illustrated that there was a significant correlation between Fascin and EGFR. The multivariate Cox stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that Fascin/EGFR coexpression was a passive independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival. The RR for patients with high-coexpression of Fascin/EGFR was 1.987,just a little higher than RR for high-expression of Fascin. The ROC curve analysis indicated that the specificity of the combination of Fascin and EGFR was more robust than that of a single biomarker. CONCLUSION:This study has successfully showed that co-expression of Fascin and EGFR could confer a poor prognosis.


The design of multi-channel real-time pulse signal processing in the thyristor monitoring system is presented in this paper. The implementation of this design based on XC9500XL CPLD is discussed. The Verilog program and simulation waveform were also provided in the paper.


MOLAND (Monitoring Land Cover/Use Dynamics) is a research project aiming to assess and monitor the evolution of urban and regional land use and traffic networks. The main aims of MOLAND are to offer planners and decision-makers at various levels reliable, up-to-date and harmonized information on land use changes and a tool for monitoring, analyzing and forecasting such changes from the point of view of sustainable development. The method has been tested in more than 30 urban areas situated mainly in Europe. The study period covers 50 years from the 1950s to the late 1990s. The method is based on the usage of high-resolution satellite images such as IRS. Land use data are analyzed and combined with statistical datasets in a GIS application to produce indicators for sustainable development. This paper looks at the principles and technical solutions behind the MOLAND method, a range of urban indicators derived from the airborne imagery and the potential uses of the method in urban monitoring and planning. Special emphasis is on the analysis of sustainability of urban development. The comparative examples are related to various land use indicators such as urban sprawl, re-use of abandoned land, accessibility to green urban areas and exposure to the nuisance of transport network. The paper also sheds light on the potential of combining information gathered by remote sensing with statistical data and how such a method can be used in urban and regional monitoring, planning and integrated impact analysis.


Each year there are approximately 76 million foodborne illnesses and fresh produce is the second most common vehicle for such illnesses. Small fruits have been implicated in several outbreaks although none have been bacterial. Prior to market small fruits are not washed or treated in any manner so as to extend their shelf life. Washing alone is not a viable option and the use of novel technologies needs to be investigated. One such technology is ozone which has been used to treat drinking water since the late nineteenth century. The efficacy of gaseous ozone to decontaminate pathogens on strawberries, which were used as a model for small fruits, was investigated in this study. Strawberries were artificially contaminated with 5 strains of E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. Fruits were treated with 4 ozone treatments; i) continuous ozone flow for 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 min, ii) pressurized ozone (83 kPa) for 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 min, iii) continuous ozone (64 min) followed by pressurized ozone (64 min). Maximum reductions of 1.81, 2.32, and 2.96 log10 CFU/g of E. coli O157:H7 were achieved for continuous, pressurized, and continuous followed by pressurized ozone, respectively. For Salmonella reductions of 0.97, 2.18, and 2.60 log10 CFU/g were achieved for continuous, pressurized, and continuous followed by pressurized ozone, respectively. It was concluded that continuous ozone was the least effective treatment, and that there was no significant difference between pressurized ozone treatment and continuous followed by pressurized ozone treatment. These results demonstrate that gaseous ozone has the potential to be used a decontamination method for small fruits. Source: http://asae.frymulti.com/abstract.asp?aid=19588&t=2 Effectiveness of ozone for inactivation of Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus in pistachios Authors: Meltem Yesilcimen Akbas & Murat Ozdemir 1Department of Biology, Gebze Institute of Technology, PO Box 141, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey 2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Section of Food Technology, Gebze Institute of Technology, PO Box 141, 41400 Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey Correspondence to *Fax: +90 262 653 8490; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Copyright 2005 Institute of Food Science and Technology Trust Fund


A Kinetic Approach to the Inactivation of Zinc by Various Soil Constituents by Singara S. Sandhu, Doctor of Philosophy Utah State University, 1970 Major Professor: Dr. R. L. Smith Department: Soils and Meteorology The adsorption reaction of zinc onto prochlorite, pyroxene, and biotite minerals, from dilute solution (water) was studied under isothermal condi tions by agitated nonflow experiment method. The equilibrium concentrat~on of zinc in the solution was de t ermined both by radioactive tracer technique and adsorption spectrophotometer methods. The data ~?ere collected at three temperatures. The data we re treated by the equation: where 9 is the fraction of total surface coverage and C is the equilibrium concent rat ion of zinc in solution, k1 and k_ 1 are the rate constan ts for the adsorption and reverse process and t is the time of reaction. The specific rate constant for the adsorpt ion reaction (k1) depends on the nature of the mineral and mineral particle fraction. The k1 inc reases with rise in temperat~re. The values for the desorption rate constant (k_ 1) are small, indicating that zinc ions are preferential l y adsorbed ove r other exchangeable ions in the system. The activation energy for the sorption process lay between 3 t o 6 kcals/mole , eliminating chemical adsorption. The activation energy indicates the physical process of diffusion as the mechanism cont r ol ling step in the present study. The positive standard entropy of activation (6ST) is related to t he change in the volume of activation complex (6~) during the course of reacti on. The monolaye r capacities for the three minerals and mineral fractions were evaluated. The percent of the surface area occupied by the adsorbed zinc ion was about 50 percent, 65 percent and 66 percent for prochlorite, pyroxene and biotite, respectively . This suggests that zinc is adsorbed on certain specific sites. The monolayer capacities inc rease as the temperature increases. The change in the standard free energy of adsorpt ion, 6°G , with the increased fraction of surface coverage a llows speculation that : l. The sites are energetically heterogenous. 2. There is mutual repulsion of adsorbed zinc ions at higher surface coverage. The data show that zinc ads orption onto the minerals used in the present study is exchange ads orption. The initial adsorption plateau in the case of prochlorite and pyroxene is described as a result of exchange of solution zinc for weakly adsorbed sodium. The change in the na ture of the curve beyond this region is speculated to the progressive exchange of other cations. The data for biotite are not conclusive and need further study. It appears that exchange adsorpt ion is a step wise process and more than one plateau may be obtained if t he system is allowed to reach its ultimate equilibrium where all the exchange sites are completely saturated by the adsorbate. The small diffe r en tial heat of adsorption (~ 0H) confirms the contention that the process is simply an exchange adsorption in the systems studied. (97 pages)


The traffic matrix (TM) is a chief input in many network design and planning applications. In this paper, we propose a model, called the spherically additive noise model (SANM). In conjunction with iterative proportional fitting (IPF), it enables fast generation of synthetic TMs around a predicted TM. We analyze SANM and IPF's action on the model to show theoretical guarantees on asymptotic convergence, in particular, convergence to the well-known gravity model.


The new method of calculation of active and inductive resistance of unbladed bus-bars package of ore-thermal furnace is offered. The method is developed on a base of a research results regression analysis of dependence of pure resistance and inductive reactance of unbladed bus-bars packages on their geometrical sizes, a relative positioning and unblad variants. As the research tool a numerical modeling with application of the specialized software is used. Numeric simulation results have been compared with similar results given by the traditional method.


In this article, a novel K‐shaped dual‐band antenna with a shorting pin for 5.2/5.8 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) operations is designed and fabricated. To obtain sufficient bandwidth when return loss (RL) < −10 dB, a shorting pin is inserted in the patch and a coaxial probe source is used. The measured result of the fabricated antenna has 221 MHz bandwidth from 5.145 to 5.366 GHz and a 187 MHz bandwidth from 5.695 to 5.882 GHz (RL < −10 dB) with the gain ranging from 3.66 to 4.58 dBi. A good radiation pattern is achieved for the WLAN band (5.150–5.350 GHz and 5.725–5.825 GHz) range. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 2442–2444, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24609


These guidelines provide the criteria to be considered when selecting an automated acquisitions system. Also included is a list of vendor responsibilities.


Purpose. The purpose of the article is to reveal whether the business mindset has used the mandatory arbitration clauses/agreements to compromise the US consumer's right to a trial to resolve business disputes in the United States. Methodology. The results of the study were obtained by the following methods: systematic and comparative methods – to determine the essence and peculiarities of historical business behavior, business ethics and mindset; time, cost and mindset factors in arbitration vs litigation from the businesses' and consumers' perspectives; analysis and synthesis methods – to reveal the complex historic factors and interests that pre-determined the formation and application of arbitration. Findings. In accordance with the study objectives, the author: 1) identified that business mindset was focused on making a profit and doing whatever it takes to make that profit and achieve the ambition of the business owner(s); 2) observed that companies' bend towards arbitration in the US developed as a way to avoid profit loss and avoid obstacles that would impede business for achieving it ambition due to high cost and duration of litigation; 3) revealed that there was concerted effort between business and pro-business supporters to favor the use of mandatory arbitration, which waived the right to trial; 4) discovered that actions to ban mandatory arbitration have been pre-empted by the Federal Arbitration Act; 5) unveiled that during COVID 19, while jury trials are on hold, proceedings whether litigation or arbitration are still taking place remotely; 6) concluded that the business mindset used the mandatory arbitration clause/agreement to compromise the right to trial to resolve business disputes in the United States. Originality. The author offers original insights and interpretation of historic factors leading to the development and transformation of arbitration, as an alternative to litigation, system and procedures. The article contains original analysis of the newest events and practical outcomes of the status-quo of the US Legal System. Practical value. In the light of a growing consumer backlash as result of the abuses occurring in the arbitration process, the article may serve as a methodological and theoretical basis for further development of American business legislation in the part of dispute resolution. The United States Elections of 2020 will be a determinant of the fate of mandatory arbitration and the right to trial.


In the present work, thermodynamic study of adsorption of Amaranth dye on to steam activated pigmented carbon prepared from rice husk (B.N. ORYZA SATIVA) was investigated The adsorbent was investigated under variable system parameters, such as intra particle diffusion and temperature. The results of the present study have indicated the value of ΔH were in the range of -1.302 to -4.710 kJmol -1 . This suggests the adsorption of Amaranth dye on SAPRHC as an exothermic process. The (ΔS) values were in the range -9.994 to -25.140 Jmol -1 K -1 , which is attributed to the higher degree of ordering of the small number of the dye molecules on the solid phase compared to their ordering in the aqueous phase. The adsorbent–dye interactions are spontaneous in all the cases supported by decrease in Gibbs energy. The results obtained indicate a potential use of SAPRHC for removing dyes like Amaranth dye from water.


Human rights are complex rights. They can be morally justified, become positive rights by way of political decisions and must in turn be implemented. The article deals primarily with the legal as well as the political »universalisation« of human rights. It demonstrates that, going beyond the ratification of international human rights treaties there are other important aspects of the legal recognition and imple-mentation of human rights still to be considered, and points out the importance of the protection of human rights on a national level. Against the background of a re-view of the situation as regards worldwide human rights violations democracy, the rule of law, and a strong, internationally linked civil society will be put forward as


This case focuses on one novice school principal's experience with an elopement incident. School elopement sets the background for this case, and in this situation, the principal sees the need to take action to increase school safety and special needs students' teacher support. The authors enumerate leadership practices and organizational strategies that can assist novice school principals increase school safety for all students. In this principal's case, the authors will focus on preventive leadership practices that prevent elopement as it relates to a novice school principal's organizational practices, organization climate, and culture. To fill the literature gap, this case identifies critical novice school principals' challenges related to students with special needs' instruction, placement, and safety, in correlation to novice special education teachers' induction and support.


Sport and exercise promotes physical activity and overweight/obese prevention[1]. While, exercise intensity has a strong association with weight controlin young adults [2].Basketball is a popular team sport [3]that requires multiple planes of movement as well as rapid transitions from jogging to sprinting, and to jumping. Moreover, it requires a movement changes in every 2 seconds that associated to speed, agility, and power. The importance of developing a suitable conditioning programs based on specific physiological demands is considered asa key factor to success in sport [4, 5]. In particular with weight control, the excessive weight in basketball players might be limited to physical fitness [6].While the rate of childhood overweight and obesity in Asia has increase rapidly.[7]


The United Nations sustainable development goal (SDG) 3 seeks "to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all and at all ages". (1) To build healthcare systems that were able to progress towards the millennium development goals, many countries had to extend delivery systems to increase coverage. They also greatly improved measurement of people's contacts with the health system. However, with the reduction in disease burden due to specific infectious diseases and childhood illnesses, people tend to live longer, have multiple noncommunicable diseases and require more complex services. The focus on measuring access is not sufficient to capture whether people receive effective care; hence this month's papers on measurement of quality of care in low- and middle-income countries. In papers published online and in this issue, Akachi et al. explain why the quality of health-care services in low-and middle-income countries has been largely overlooked as an important contributor to health outcomes. (2) Sharma et al. observe the management of childbirth at public and private hospitals in Uttar Pradesh, India and conclude that care provided to women and their newborns is of poor quality. (3) Brenner et al. study the effects of a results-based financing scheme in Malawi and find improved equipment and supplies at health facilities but minimal effects on clinical performance. (4) In Ethiopia, Canavan et al. measure the quality of intrapartum care in hospitals using data from medical chart reviews and direct observations. (5) Knowlton et al. do a multinational survey of 120 hospitals and find that many lack the basic infrastructure needed to provide essential surgical care on a consistent basis. (6) Lazzerini et al. find that in Kyrgyzstan--a setting with high rates of hospitalization, over-diagnosis and over-treatment--brief training and supportive supervision by paediatricians improve quality of paediatric care in hospitals. (7) Examining variation in quality is one way to diagnose drivers of good or poor performance. Kruk et al. find that the quality of antenatal and paediatric care in seven African countries varies greatly and that this variation may result from the different approaches governments take in training providers and funding and organizing their health systems. (8) Other articles in this issue present innovations in measures and instruments to assess quality of health-care services. Bedoya et al. document compliance with infection prevention and control measures during outpatient visits in Kenya. (9) Wang et al. show how medical malpractice litigation records can be used as a source of data to assess patients' experience and their health outcomes in China. (10) Madaj et al. assess the validity of the World Health Organization's indicators for quality of care around the time of birth. (11) Despite the wide range of research presented in this issue, several aspects of health-care quality are not addressed. …


....................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. v LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. viii LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................. ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................................. xi CHAPTER 1 ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Ionic Polymer Metal Composites ........................................................................... 1 1.2 Ion Exchange Membranes ........................................................................................ 3 1.3 Research objectives ................................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 2 ......................................................................................................................... 7 2.


Introduction: Nowadays, students' feedbacks regarding different aspects of training provided for them are constantly monitored and explored as an essential factor in medical universities' quality monitoring. We aimed to investigate the attitude of medical students and pediatric residents in the pediatric wards of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences' training hospitals to examine the existing educational conditions and its challenges, and improve teaching quality. Method: The present research is a cross-sectional study whose population consists of pediatric residents and medical students who working in the pediatric wards of training hospitals affiliated with Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran in 2020; 40 of whom have been selected through convenience sampling. The samples then filled a researcher made questionnaires, and the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS v.16 software. Results: Average score of attitude toward educational role of pediatric residents based on the view of residents and medical students was 44.80 ± 9.49 and 37.25 ± 8.86, respectively. 50 percent of residents and 15 percent of medical students agreed with the educational role of pediatric ward. Results of independent t-test demonstrated that there is a significant difference between how residents and interns regard the educational role of pediatric residents in training hospitals (P = 0.0.13). Conclusions: The present study's results revealed that residents attribute more importance to the educational role in comparison to medical students. The educational role of the residents in training the medical students must be considered of great importance as an exemplary policy in medical universities.


Based on the successful isolation of a bacterial strain of Lactobacillus sp.USTB-08 for producing lactic acid,the optimal control conditions including carbon source,nitrogen source,mass ratio between carbon and nitrogen source,temperature and pH values were investigated for the growth of Lactobacillus sp.USTB-08 and the production of lactic acid in batch cultivation and fed-batch fermentation.Sucrose as the sole carbon source,yeast extract as the sole nitrogen source,the mass ratio of carbon to nitrogen source of 5∶1,35 ℃,the inoculum amount of 1.0% and initial pH 6.50 are the optimal parameters for the growth of Lactobacillus sp.USTB-08 in batch cultivation.In fed-batch cultivation by feeding a mixture of 10% sodium hydroxide and 25% sucrose to control the pH value and supply the carbon source in a 50L automatic fermenter,the maximum biomass of Lactobacillus sp.USTB-08(OD680 nm 13.2) and the maximum content of lactic acid(28.0g·L-1) are obtained at pH 6.50 and pH 7.00 in a pH range from 6.00 to 7.00,respectively.The strategy of feeding sucrose and controlling the pH value simultaneously was firstly used in the fed-batch cultivation of Lactobacillus sp.,and both high cell density and high lactic acid content were obtained.


This study is to classify the previous studies applied for Delphi technique and analyse an applied method of Delphi technique according to the purpose of study. When the Delphi technique is effectively applied to tourism fields, first of all, it is required that the previous studies related to the purpose of study be examined because of the existence of complexity of study contents. Secondly, a suggestion on objective standards with high reliability is required in eliminating an factor in the every round of Delphi technique. Thirdly, it is hopeful that an appropriately modified application will be needed according to the situation in conducting the Delphi technique. It is able to secure not only the objectivity but also the validity as a policy alternative. Lastly, to organize the professional panel in long term of study of tourism demand, it is necessary for other professionals except for tourism field; in the field of demography, psychology, sociology, economics, and others to be selected. Furthermore, Delphi technique will be a practical method to predict an uncertain future if a statistical approach method is complemented in selecting the professional panel.


Screening studies on the amount of thrombin bound to intact human platelets show that deficiencies are present in certain disorders which are associated with hypercoagulable states. Among the hematologic diseases where this is found most prominantly are primary thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera. A direct relationship can be plotted between the decrease in thrombin binding and the proportion of abnormal platelets present in the circulation. A deficiency also is present as an acquired disorder in occasional patients with advanced cancer in whom spontaneous thrombotic events complicate the clinical course. These include adenocarcinomas of the breast, colon and lung. It does not appear to be present in patients with epidermoid cancers. Whether these platelet changes bear a cause and effect relationship between growth and dissemination of the specific neoplasms or are merely a consequence of a generalized hypercoagulable state is unknown. However, the conditions in which the thrombin binding potential of the platelets is decreased coincide closely with separately published findings in which the thrombin binding potential of adenocarcinoma cells was shown to be different from epidermoid carcinoma and comparable normal control tissues.


A low temperature cure epoxy paint has been developed for the purpose of protecting offshore steel structures in cold areas from corrosion. This paint is composed of epoxyacrylate resin, epoxy resin, hardener and so on, and is available as a finish coating material on an inorganic zinc-rich primer. Properties of paint and coated film, applicability with airless machine and accelerated corrosion test results are discussed in detail herein. The field test and its durability results are also described herein. These results showed that this new low temperature cure epoxy paint could be field applied and even when coated at low temperatures, had good corrosion resistance on sea area.


We present an open-source deep artificial neural network (ANN) model for the accelerated design of polarization-insensitive subwavelength grating (SWG) couplers on the silicon-on-insulator platform. Our model can optimize SWG-based grating couplers for a single fundamental-order polarization, or both, by splitting them counter-directionally at the grating level. Alternating, SWG sections are adopted to reduce the reflections (loss) of standard, single-etch devices—further accelerating the design time by eliminating the need to process a second etch. The model of this device is trained by a dense uniform dataset of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) optical simulations. Our approach requires the FDTD simulations to be made up front, where the resulting ANN model is made openly available for the rapid, software-free design of future standard photonic devices, which may require slightly different design parameters (e.g., fiber angle, center wavelength, and polarization) for their specific application. By transforming the nonlinear input–output relationship of the device into a matrix of learned weights, a set of simple linear algebraic and nonlinear activation calculations can be made to predict the device outputs 1830 times faster than numerical simulations, within 93.2% accuracy of the simulations.


The extension and expansion of Hainan coffee chain,to accelerate the Hainan coffee from traditional agriculture to modern agriculture and promote sustainable and healthy development of the coffee industry has a very important practical significance.This article discusses the coffee chain concept and connotation,facing Hainan coffee production source depletion,not bigger and stronger industry status,analysis of coffee brands reshape the environment of Hainan resources and policy opportunities,continue to broaden and extend the proposed Hainan coffee chain length,width and thickness,to cultivate " Xinglong coffee"and "Fushan coffee"two major industrial clusters the main ideas and strategies.


During a 19-month period, 60 patients underwent 86 procedures resulting in sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT). Pacing restored sinus rhythm in 45 procedures (52.3%). Cardioversion was required in 34 procedures (39.5%). Ventricular tachycardia was self-terminating in 7 procedures (8.1%). No procedural complication occurred. The relationship of cycle length to termination mode was assessed in 20 studies in which VT did not accelerate. The average cycle length of VT terminable by pacing was 369 msec; that of VT requiring cardioversion was 298 msec (P


This article analyses the campaign in Italian East Africa from an Italian point of view. It starts by setting out the grim strategic situation the commander in chief, the Duke of Aosta, was facing at the outbreak of hostilities. It then proceeds to cover the three phases of the campaign: the period from June 1940 until the end of the year, the second phase between January and May 1941, including the fall of Keren and Addis Ababa, and the third and final period until November 1941. This contribution will highlight the problems the Italian military struggled with, its shortcomings, but also its dogged defence, e.g. at the battle of Keren. The second part of this article looks at how the memory of the campaign was formed after the Second World War and how it related to more general aspects of Italian colonial history.


Here, we present the complete genome sequence of a highly pathogenic strain of avian influenza A virus/domestic goose/Pavlodar/1/05 (H5N1) (GS/1/05), which belongs to clade 2.2. This strain of the influenza virus was isolated in northern Kazakhstan in 2005. ABSTRACT Here, we present the complete genome sequence of a highly pathogenic strain of avian influenza A virus/domestic goose/Pavlodar/1/05 (H5N1) (GS/1/05), which belongs to clade 2.2. This strain of the influenza virus was isolated in northern Kazakhstan in 2005.


The concept of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has evolved, and various approaches are used to classify MCI. Conventional MCI criteria, such as those used in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), rely on a single memory test to detect objective cognitive impairment. Actuarial neuropsychological criteria for MCI that incorporate comprehensive neuropsychological performance have been proposed to balance sensitivity and reliability. We applied both actuarial and conventional criteria to a sample of non‐demented older adults. Resulting groups were compared on diagnostic rates and amyloid positivity.


End User Computing (EUC) represents a profound change in the way in which computing services are delivered. Before EUC, nearly all computing was done exclusively by systems professionals. Today, users are assuming increasing proportions of responsibility for programming and system development. The impact of these changes on user satisfaction, on the quality of user-developed systems, on organizational computing costs, and on the careers of computer professionals is unknown.


Stabilization of an unstable section of roadway along a major river valley experiencing deep seated movements was effected through the construction of a pile wall, simple drainage measures and a gabion wall. Since the construction of the pile wall in 1997, the effectiveness of these remedial measures has been evaluated through instrumentation monitoring and observation. So far the roadway is performing well.


The regression analysis of xylanase activity and the O.D values of the enzyme reaction solution was made according to the method of least square.The regression equation established was made.


Abstract Fragmentation of the Ge–Ph bond in 2-(6-tBu-5-triphenylgermyl-2-R-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4-triazin-3(2H)-ylidene)malononitriles (R = Me, nBu) using lithium naphthalenide and further electrophile trapping with H+, Ph3SiCl or Ph3GeBr furnished the corresponding 5-Ph2HGe–, Ph3Si–Ph2Ge– or Ph3Ge–Ph2Ge– derivatives. In the case of R = CH2CO2 tBu, metalation at the exocyclic methylene group was observed to give tert-butyl 7-amino-3-tBu-8-cyanopyrrolo[1,2-b][1,2,4]triazine-6-carboxylate as a result of cyclization/Ge atom elimination. Structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral and XRD data. Graphical Abstract


Besides imparting knowledge, college English course is also a language carrier for students to understand western culture and a way to improve their comprehensive cultural literacy. Therefore, under the guidance of General Education theory, this paper attempts to integrate the appreciation of English literary translations into College English teaching, so that non-English majors can improve their English language ability, at the same time, they can improve their critical appreciation ability and cultural accomplishment.


DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli can use ATP and UTP as substrates in a template free de novo reaction when incubated with a single triphosphate. The following observations on this reaction were made:

1
The yield of polymer produced in these reactions amounts to only 3% of that in the simultaneous (ATP + UTP) de novo polymerization and is stimulated by traces of DNA contaminating the enzyme.

2
Poly G · poly C also, stimulates de novo formation of poly A and poly U up to 60-fold. This reaction depends on the concentration of monovalent cations, e. g. Na+ or K+, with optimum concentrations at 0.2 M. A model for the stimulation effect is discussed.

3
In the (ATP + UTP) reaction the obligatory lag phase was eliminated by preincubation with either of the two substrates. The optimum conditions of the reaction turned out to be the same as for polyribonucleotide transcription. Therefore (ATP + UTP) polymerization is interpreted as transcription of originally de novo formed homopolymers like poly A and poly U.


According to the theory of plates and shells and the magnetic-elasticity theory,without considering the induced electric field,and in the case of only considering the coupling of mechanical field and the magnetic field,the nonlinear kinetic equation of a current carrying plate applied mechanical load in a transverse magnetic field with large deflection is given out based on the nonlinear motion equations of a thin plate,physical equations,geometric equations,Lorentz force expression and power dynamic equation.Take a thin current carrying plate simply supported at three edges and the other's free as an example,the single or double mode nonlinear kinetic equations of the plate are shown here.The time history diagram,Poincare section plot and the phase trajectory of the nonlinear system with single or double mode large deflection are drawn through applied 4 orders Ronger-Kuta method by using calculating program.The differences and influence of the electro-magnet parameter and mechanical load to the nonlinear characters of the system are also discussed.The results show that the variation of these parameters will lead to significant influence on the motion of the plate.Through adjusting electro-magnet parameter,the chaos motion of the system can be controlled.Furthermore,the aim of controlling the characters of the chaotic motion of the system can be reached.


For several years, farmers in India have had little liberty in choosing markets and purchasers for their produce. All states in the country, except three, degree that marketing and selling of farm produce must be directed through state-owned mandis, retail markets where mediators (middlemen) crush farmers to increase margins. According to research, mediators have become dominating buyers of the agricultural market, resulting them to take control over the plight of the farmers and gulping all the profits. The farmers work day and night expecting a good yield. They use a lot of financial resources lending money and buying fertilizers, seeds etc. So, they have the right to enjoy every rupee gained on their corp. In this context, we propose a system which brings farmers close to the retailers cutting the middlemen. Our system consists of a mobile or web application which will serve as a platform for farmer the growers and retailers or customers to sell and buy their farm products. This system aims at giving a profitable price to farmers to their farm products cutting the middlemen. This allows the retailers or the customers to buy products from the farmers at a lower than the normal price. Farmer uploads their product with details and buyers view these details and book that product with in a time. The bidding system is suitable for bulk buyers who would like to bargain for a certain product. They will be able to bid on a product as well as view other bids. This will help them get products at a better price. The consumer can give a rating and review only after having purchased a particular product. K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN) is proposed to recommendation system based on common product ratings, and make predictions using the average rating of top-k nearest neighbours. These are visible on each item's page along with the average of the item's average rating. K-Means is used to overcome sparsity problems and to form user clusters to reduce the amount of data that needs to be processed.


Given the potential use of neural markers for the development of novel treatments in spinal cord pain, we aimed to characterize the most effective neural markers of neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury (SCI).


This book examines, in the wider context of globalisation, how the selected East Asian governments in general and education institutions in particular have responded to the impact of globalisation. The contributors, leading scholars in the field of comparative education, compares and contrasts similarities and differences of education developments through case studies of Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China and Japan.


The sideband current harmonic components would inhere in induction machine systems driven by a voltage-source inverter with SPWM and SVPWM techniques. The sideband torque ripple components associated with these current harmonics could potentially cause vibration and acoustic noises and hence deteriorate the overall performance of the drive system. The main sideband voltage and current harmonics in the first and second carrier frequency domains in induction machine driven by voltage-source inverter with SPWM and SVPWM techniques, are first analytically derived in this paper. The respective analytical expressions of main torque ripple contents related to these current harmonics are subsequently obtained and analyzed. Numerical simulations based on commercial software are carried out to validate the analytical method. The satisfactory agreements between the analytical and numerical results have revealed that the analytical method developed in this paper can deliver accurate predictions with minimum computational efforts and hence suffices for prompt preliminary assessments.


Objective: To evaluate the short-term effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy(LSG) on obesity patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Methods: 8 obesity patients with T2DM underwent LSG surgery from the 3rd department of general surgery of Shanghai Changzheng hospital during July 2008 to December 2011 were included, their clinical data before and after surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Results: All the performations were completed under laparoscopy. There were no conversion or operative complications. There were no serious post-procedure complications. During 12 months of follow-up,all the patients' weight and body mass index(BMI) was decreased, compared with those before operation(P0.01). 12 months after procedure, 4(50%)T2DM cases got complete remission, the other 4(50%)cases got partial remission. The level of hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) and fasting plasma glucose(FPG) was significantly decreased after procedure(P0.01) since 1 month after procedure, and 3 months later, the HbA1c level of 5(62.5%) patients had come back to the normal range. Conclusions: LSG may result in satisfactory weight loss and clinical remission of T2DM with few complications. A longer follow-up period is needed.


This cross-sectional study examines the association of obesity, diabetes, and alcohol use with liver fibrosis among treatment-naive US adults with hepatitis C virus infection seen at a safety-net hospital in Atlanta, Georgia.


Thermal dehydration and decomposition processes of a Pd(II) coordination compound, [PdL4]Cl2·3H2O (1), (where L is 1-allylimidazole) were studied by simultaneous TG/DSC techniques under constant heating rates condition. The released gas products were analyzed by online coupling a FTIR spectrometer to the TG equipment. The so obtained evolved gas analysis confirmed that only two ligand molecules were released and that a new 1-allylimidazole Pd(II) complex, trans-[PdL2Cl2] (2a), was obtained. The same coordination compound was also prepared by heating 1 at 413.15 K in air atmosphere until a constant weight was reached 2b. Thermal decomposition mechanisms for the 2a and 2b complexes examined were proposed according to the three mass loss steps derived by TG data. Based on the model-free isoconversional method described by Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), the dependencies of activation energy on the degree of conversion were determined. A model-free "single point" method was also applied using the Kissinger equation, and derived results were compared to those of the former method. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 37: 667–674, 2005