Convened by the National Research Council, the Clinical Research Roundtable identified 2 major obstacles to explain why, despite great expenditures by the National Institutes of Health and other funding organizations, advances in basic science and clinical research had not resulted in the delivery of better healthcare and formulation of health policy. These translational blocks are impedance to the translation of basic science discoveries into clinical studies and a block in bringing the clinical studies into medical practice and health decision making in systems of care.[1] In their 2003 report, evidence-based decision support to clinicians was included as part of the development of the information systems recommendation.

Basic and clinical research in the last decades has resulted in an unprecedented increase in scientific information. Breakthroughs in human genomics and proteomics, stem cell research, biomedical engineering, medical computing, molecular biology, and immunology are among the biggest contributors to the growth of biomedical literature. Currently, MEDLINE contains more than 12 million citations. Approximately 40,000 citations are added monthly from bibliographic citations and author abstracts obtained from about 4800 biomedical journals from 70 countries worldwide. Diagnostic methods have advanced quickly, and new treatment modalities, including drugs targeted to specific diseases, are being developed rapidly on the basis of cellular and molecular discoveries of cell DNA and protein function.


found that six of 221 patients with cancer who had undergone multiple transfusion had antibodies to HTLV-I, but this high rate has not yet been confirmed elsewhere.20 The cost-benefit analysis for screening donors must include the low prevalence of HTLV-I in Britain, the relatively high incidence of false positive reactions, and the low risk of disease developing after infection. Despite these problems the American Red Cross has already begun screening blood donations in the United States for antibodies against HTLV-I, probably in view of potential litigation in the future. Investigation ofHTLV-I infection in clinical practice needs to be extended in Britain; it should no longer be confined only to patients from endemic areas as sporadic cases have been reported in low risk populations from most European countries.2' Studies on HTLV-I in Britain to date have been valuable but unplanned and uncoordinated. The Public Health Laboratory Service Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre seems the appropriate organisation to define the epidemiological features of HTLV-I in Britain, and its acceptance of the task seems long overdue.


-Asthmatic sufferers have a respiratory abnormalation causing shortness of breath. So that asthma sufferers can have difficulty in breathing. To improve the respiratory pattern in asthma sufferers, it is necessary to prepare asthma gymnastics in daily life. Purpose of this research to know the influence of asthma to breathing patterns in asthma sufferers in Posyandu Reksowerdo III Wonokromo Surabaya. The design of this research was Quasy-Experiment (pre posttest control design.)  Population of 50 people and sample of 46 respondents with simple random sampling technique . The independent variable of this study was asthma gymnastics and the dependent variable was the breathing pattern. The research instrument used questionnaires and observation sheets. Data analysis using test Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney with significance value α =  0,05. The results showed that after the statistical tests Wilcoxon and Mann  Whitney obtained ρ = 0.000 <α = 0.05 indicates there is influence between asthma and asthma exercises on asthma patients in Posyandu Reksowerdo III Wonokromo Surabaya. There are differences in respiratory pattern in patients with intervention group asthma before and after asthma gymnastic performed at Posyandu Reksowerdo III Wonokromo Surabaya. Therefore, it is expected that people can apply asthma gymnastics in daily life in order to improve respiratory pattern and improve asthma control. Keywords--Gymnastic asthma, breathing pattern, asthma.


In this paper, the excessively transient Vibration phenomenon of a vehicle equipped with a 3-cylindered 1.2T engine was studied during start-up process. Firstly, the transient vibration of the vehicle was measured at the driver seat position in the car. The peak value of the acceleration along x direction was prominent, and the subjective feel during the start-up process was unacceptable and more aggressive then the same class competitor with 1.5T I4 engine. Secondly, the main excitons including combustion force and inertia force during start-up of 3-cylindered engine were analysed, and the approximation relationship between powertrain motion and car body vibration was derived. And then a dynamic model of powertrain system with mounting system was built to simulate the start-up vibration of the vehicle under toque and inertia force, the simulation results coincided well with the experiment. Based on this model, the relationships between force input and vibration output of the car body was discussed, the results showed that the combustion induced torque fluctuation transfer though the mounting system to the car body was the main contribution of the transient vibration during engine start-up process, and the couple between fore-aft mode (along the x direction) and the pitch mode (revolution around crankshaft) of the powertrain mounting system led to a deterioration vibration. Finally, a transfer function H (ω) was defined to describe transmission of the torque fluctuation to the powertrain acceleration at the centre of gravity. By optimization of the mounting system to minimize the amplitude of H (ω), the peak value of transient vibration was reduced by about 15% in physical test. And start-up procedure calibration was adjusted, by increasing the cranking speed from 210 rpm to 300rpm, using a more powerful starter (1.6kW), and abating the combustion torque fluctuation by limiting the combustion pressure, the peak value of the seat vibration was effectively reduced by 40% totally, and the subjective feeling achieved a significant improvement.


Trattato delta Pittura has been one of the most frequently published artistic texts, yet much confusion still surrounds the publication of the first Italian and French editions in 1651. Much too remains to be clarified about the role played by Cassiano Dal Pozzo in the elaboration of the text, as also about the contribution of the editors in France. There is also the question of the extent of the involvement of Nicolas Poussin, and likewise of Charles Errard, in the preparation of the illustrations. In order to understand the complex process which led to the first printed editions, it is first necessary to trace the history of the manuscripts, which has hitherto been somewhat misunderstood.


Armenia is a country with a recorded history of about 3,500 years. Over the millennia Armenia has survived wars, persecutions, changing borders, and changing political and social systems. The only stable institution throughout has been the family. The woman has always had the leading role in the family, giving her an essential role in society. Today women are taking up even more responsibilities in various fields of social activities, including education and scientific research. Unfortunately, the story of Armenian science during the last two decades is a story more of survival and adaptation to new conditions. This paper focuses on the following questions: What is the role of Armenian women in the society? What happened to science in Armenia? What is the status of Armenian women in physics?


DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION
INVESTIGATION OF WOODEN WELL SCREENS
FOR
GRENADA, ENID, AND SARDIS DAMS
101 10
011100 0 I]
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NO. 3-250
WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION
VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI
.TA
~W34
nol1 325
PRICE 3UAA
FEBRUARY 1948
r - - --- - - lhl
'
DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
CORPS OF ENGINEERS
MISSISSIPPI RIVER COMMISSION
INVESTIGATION OF WOODEN WELL SCREENS
FOR
GRENADA, ENID, AND SARDIS DAMS
ICI I01
IOIUU U U11101
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NO. 3-250
WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION
VICKSBURG, MISSISSIPPI
M RC-WES-300-2-48
FEBRUARY 1948
~Vr\rJ VC- L;I~UII~LL~I;C
CONTENTS
Page
SYNOPSIS
PART I: INTRODUCTION 3
PART II: DESCRIPTION OF WELL SCREENS AND FILTERS . . . . . . . . . 6
Wooden Well Screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Filter Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
PART III: LABORATORY EQUIPMENT AND PROCEDURE . . . . . . . . . . . 10
PART IV: TEST RESULTS . . .


−The ZrO2 was treated by various molarities of H2SO4 solution (0, 0.5, 1 and 2) then mixed by MgO and impregnated with 5 wt% of V2O5. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, FESEM, PSD, EDX, BET and FTIR techniques. According to the results obtained by characterization studies, the modification of MgO-ZrO2 support by various molarities of H2SO4 solution had a great impact on the crystallinity, morphology and functional groups of prepared nanocatalysts. On the other hand, the catalytic activity of synthesized nanocatalysts in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane to ethylene is affected by the sulfur content on the support. The crystalline structures of MgO and ZrO2 were confirmed by XRD analysis. The crystallinity of tetragonal ZrO2 was decreased by increasing H2SO4 molarity used in ZrO2 (Sx) synthesising. The highest catalytic performance and ethylene productivity (C2H4 yield of 48% and ethane conversion of 79% at 700 C) were obtained on the V2O5/MgO-ZrO2 (S1) nanocatalyst. This could be related to the superior acid-base property, smaller particles, better dispersion of active phase and uniform morphology of V2O5/MgO-ZrO2 (S1).


BACKGROUND/AIMS
This study was attempted to elucidate the role of surgery in patients with gastric carcinoma and peritoneal dissemination.

METHODOLOGY
A database of 128 patients was retrospectively examined with univariate and multivariate analyses after selecting 4 treatment factors, 7 tumor factors evaluated preoperatively, 2 tumor factors evaluated intraoperatively, and 2 patient factors.

RESULTS
The overall median survival time was 188 days. Median survival time was 259 days for patients who underwent resection, 173 days for those who underwent bypass operation, and 108 days for those who underwent laparotomy alone. Multivariate analysis revealed only four significant factors for prognosis including computed tomography findings of metastases to the lymph nodes of groups 2 and 3, distant metastasis, ascites, and postoperative status of the patients. Among these factors, the patient status was the most important factor for survival. In 70 patients with a preoperative bad status, the clinical factors affecting survival were analyzed by multivariate analysis exclusive of the postoperative patient status; ascites, resection, bypass operation, and postoperative chemotherapy were significant independent factors. There was no significant difference in safety, efficacy, or prognosis, between the procedures of resection and bypass.

CONCLUSIONS
Surgical treatment is not recommended for patients with gastric cancer and peritoneal dissemination when their preoperative status is good. Palliative surgery should be selected when their status is bad. The primary tumor should be resected only when the patient has anemia due to bleeding from the primary tumor.


This study aims to analyze the comparison of Return  and Risk study in syariah Stocks and convensional stocks LQ45 Indeks in companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange by using Purposive Sampling by comparing the rate of return and risk of these shares. The method used is the Independent Sample T-test and comparing the performance of mutual funds using the Jensen Test during the period 2012-2016,  the results showed that there was no significant difference between the rate of return and risk of the Syariah Stock and Conventional Stock Index during the 2012-2016 period.


Review on SPINT1 (serine peptidase inhibitor, Kunitz type 1), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated.


arrival in Washington in late January of 1904, there commenced a singularly intimate and confidential relationship between the President and the secretary of war.' Taft soon discovered that the administration of the war department was to be only part of his work, for during the next five years President Roosevelt gave his new cabinet officer some of the most difficult assignments of his administration, among them two visits to Japan to help assure the success of the Portsmouth conference and to smooth over the controversy relating to Japanese immigration. When Taft sailed from San Francisco for the Philippines on July 8, 1905, ostensibly with the sole purpose of accompanying and educating a congressional delegation on the problems facing the United States in Philippine administration, Russia and Japan had agreed to the Portsmouth conference, but many important details remained to be settled.2 Roosevelt had instructed Taft to stop at Tokyo en route to the Philippines and "pay his compliments to the Japanese."' Apparently he was given no written instructions regarding his Japanese visit, nor is there any record of verbal instructions.' It would seem reasonable, however, that the President outlined his views on the Far East to his secretary of war. The timing of this visit to Japan, one month in advance of the Portsmouth conference, suggests a relationship between the events. The importance of the trip was clear to the Russians, for as Roosevelt indi-


Poetry was not considered apt and appropriate for second language learning especially when we talk about Grammar, communication skills etc. But poetry serves not only a model of literature but a model for teaching skills of language as reading and writing. Poetry can be an effective way of language teaching. The student can easily relate structures and themes with the help of poetry. We must always remember that our old Fables, Tales and Japanese 'Tanka', were sung and we still remember them by heart. This article focuses on use of poetry in ELL and ways of using poetry in ELL classrooms.


This report presents guidance to help transportation agencies recruit and retain qualified professional staff in the Systems Operation and Management (SOM) area. It is based on an analysis of SOM career paths, skill requirements, and training needs to identify successful programs, state-of-the-art initiatives, and best industry practices. This report will be useful for all transportation professionals working in the SOM area and the Human Resources staff who address their personnel requirements.


This paper explains the deep foundation pit construction technology and points for attention through a successful example of deep foundation pit construction,which for construction reference.


Light treatment such as light schedule, intensity. and color are important factor that influence a\-ian productivity. Two hundred and seventy quails were divided into nine treatments of light, with thirty replications. The treatmsnts were without light, controls with 15 and 25 W, red, green, and blue lights n-ith intensities of 15 and 2 5 lux. Control treatment used incandescent bulb. The red, green, and blue lights were pro~ided by light emitting diodes (LED). All lights treatment were given for 14 h daily, started from 17.00 to 07.00. All of the parameters measured on sexual maturation were the weights of the body, the weights of the carcass, the n-eights of the abdominal fat. the weights of the oval?.. and oviduct. the weights of the breast muscle, serum estrogen concentrations, cholesterol. and trig1~-csride, total of the yelloufollicles and diamaters of the follicles. All of the data analyzed were done GLM (general linear model) procedure in the SAS program. Quails exposed to monochromatic light had higher serum estrogen coacentrations, body weights of the sexual maturit?.. weights of the breast muscle, the ovary and the o ~ ~ i d u c t weighis. total of the yellow follicles, aild diameters follicles (P<0,05). The Red and blue monochromatic iishts poteniial to increase reproduction profi!e and carcass q u a n t i ~ of the sexual maturation.


The nozzle plate 24 is mounted, eg by welding, on the injector valve seat 16 and has a top surface 26 and a bottom surface 28. The top surface 26 has a recess 30 into which fuel flows from the supply passage 18. A number of swirl chambers 32, eg six, eight or ten, are formed in the top surface 26, each having a conical orifice 34 extending from the swirl chamber 32 to the bottom surface 28 of the nozzle plate 24 and each connected to the recess 30 by one of a plurality of channels 38. The channels 38 may be straight or curved and meet the swirl chambers 32 offset from the centre of the swirl chambers. The orifices 34 may be distributed in a circular or oval pattern. The nozzle plate 24 may be made of stainless steel.


Casual vacancies occur when a Member resigns or retires or dies, before the end of the term for which he or she has been elected. In the House of Assembly, a casual vacancy is filled when a new Member is elected by the voters of the electorate at a byelection, but in the Legislative Council a casual vacancy is filled when a new Member is chosen by an assembly of the Members of both Houses of the Parliament.


To improve birth weight estimation in fetuses weighing ⩽ 1600 g at birth by deriving a new formula including measurements obtained using three‐dimensional (3D) sonography.


With the rapid development of integrated circuits technology, fewer and fewer circuit nodes are accessible for analog fault detection. In this research, the transient output voltage of analog circuits was used for fault detection. The circuits was stimulated by a transient signal source. It's transient output voltage was measured and analyzed. Then we extracted the features of this signal. Principal component analysis was used to combine these features and detect faults of circuits-under-test. The main advantages of this method is the single test point. Only the transient output voltage signal is measured for practical application. As an example, the proposed method was used for fault detection of the signal filtering and amplifying circuit, which was used in the ultrasonic liquid-level sensor. And we compare the results with those using other methods. From the comparing results, we can see that the proposed method have a higher fault detection accuracy.


We are fortunate to have this revealing reassessment of Isabella Bird and Japan from Kyoto University geographer Kiyonori Kanasaka and his English translator Nicholas Pertwee. Professor Kanasaka distills surprises from his many years tracing Bird's journeys and translating her works into Japanese. He asks how Isabella Bird could travel in Japan in 1878, how she could produce her 1880 Unbeaten Tracks in Japan, and how has she been a force, sometimes misapprehended, since that time. Professor Kanasaka's persistent and detailed research helps us better understand Isabella's own words and many dimensions of her back story. The chapters and notes of Professor Kanasaka's book follow a chronology of Isabella's travels and writings, with emphasis on the importance of Japan in her opus. Prefatory words from Sir Hugh Cortazzi, G.C.M.G., situate this study in Victorian travel, the many roles of H.B.M. Legation in Tokyo, and the nexus of scholar-diplomats whose writings echo in Isabella Bird's Unbeaten Tracks. Translator Nicholas Pertwee explains his excellent solutions to the challenges of organizing orthography, notes, and Japanese terms. Maps by Kanasaka and Mizutani before Chapter 1 show Isabella's travels through northeastern Japan to Yezo (Hokkaidô) and across the Kansai area to Ise. Ten plates of photographs of Isabella Bird and illustrations from Unbeaten Tracks present years of Kanasaka's research in their captions. A chronology outlines Isabella's travels and writings and lists Bird and Kanasaka's relevant publications. The index to the book is a who's who of Europe and Asia in the late-nineteenth century, a gazetteer of place names, and a guide to Unbeaten Tracks' subsequent translators and commentators. All these are gifts to researchers today that make the book bigger than its title. Kanasaka reveals Isabella Bird's self-determination as a professional and the help she got from many. Her family of clergy in England and her writings for church-affiliated magazines trained her focus on Protestant missions everywhere. Her 1875 book The Hawaiian Archipelago and letters of introduction from notables inspired the British Legation in Tokyo to host and assist her in every way in 1878. Kanasaka shows British and Japanese officials at the highest level opening many doors and literally escorting her. She, like other foreigners, had to apply to visit Japan beyond the treaty ports once she arrived, so her permit process and conditions are a large part of Kanasaka's analysis. This permit made possible her travel by road, river, and sea to Nikkô, Niigata,


The use of composites using sisal has limitations because the fibers are hydrophilic, while the matrix is hydrophobic. This incompatibility results in the weakening of the bond at the interface and hence in the mechanical properties. The alkaline treatment is used to modify the contact between the fiber and the matrix. The objective of this work is to verify the influence of alkaline treatment on the properties of sisal fibers and composites using an unsaturated polyester matrix. They were made in the fibers and in the composites, made by manual lamination, with volumetric concentration of 20% of sisal, treatment with 2% and 5% of NaOH. Traction tests were performed on the fibers and composites to analyze the mechanical properties, the latter being aided by the digital image correlation technique. As results, it was observed that the alkaline treatment influenced the increase of the mechanical properties of the sisal and the composites, being the treatment of 5% NaOH more efficient.


Prepon modals eoming down frem Oíd English have atiracted Ihe altenlion of niany linguisis and Ihe study of the 'nost ouístanding featunes of ihese verbs has been a mallen cf neseanch in hisíenical linguistics. Coneerning Ihese venbs, modenn English grammars siate thai ihougl-i every fenrn is unique te express sornespecific meanings, thene are cases whene sorne iíems can function as the pasí ferms of etbens witheul niodifying Ihe basic ineaning of medality. In fact, could, rnight, would and sbould are stillspoken of as iLe pasí tenses of can, rnay, wiII and guaU, respectivel>'. Oní>' lwo verbs pentaining te the sanie class laek the cerresponding past tenses. This is ILe case of musí and ought The new hypothesis posited in Ihis paper abeul ILe enigin of Ihese twe verbal fornis will betíer explain iheir present mean¡ng ami Ihe non-existence of past tense forisis in today's English.


The frequency of member-member and member-leader interactions was observed in a child management group workshop sponsored by a county welfare agency. A randomization procedure was used to test for the significance of an intervention to increase member-member interactions. The intervention consisted of the use of prompts and reinforcements by the group leader. Although the results suggest that member-member interactions were increased by the intervention, several other factors appear to influence the rate of member-member interactions. Member-leader interactions were not affected by the intervention.


The inheritance of leaf size was studied in crosses involving the large-leafed, L. corniculatus var. vulgaris and the small-leafed, L. corniculatus var. arvensis. Results indicate the genetics of this character to be relatively simple in that it appears to be mainly under the control of alleles at one locus. These alleles show no dominance and there is evidence that the allelic interaction is geometric in nature rather than arithmetic. Backcross ratios of 1:4:1 and 1:2:2:1 were obtained which are indicative of autotetraploid segregation where the chromosomes pair at random. However a factorial hypothesis established wholly on this simple basis does not satisfactorily explain the results. Gene interactions, which at present are unknown, are thought to be involved.Cytological examination of the parent plants showed chromosome pairing to be chiefly as bivalents. Quadrivalent formation was rare. If this species is of autoploid origin as the backcross ratios indicate the process of reversion to the diploid typ...


In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, seven OSBP-homologues (Osh) proteins are implicated in the transfer of sterol lipids between membranes within cells. To test whether Osh4p acts as a sterol transfer protein, a sterol-binding deficient mutant was analyzed. The mutant Osh4 protein was hyperactivated despite its inability to bind sterols, contrary to what is predicted for a sterol transporter. OSH genes also have an established role in vesicle docking during polarized exocytosis. To determine how Osh4p might affect vesicle docking, genetic interactions between OSH4, actomyosin-related genes, and regulatory genes involved in vesicle docking were analyzed. Genome-wide screens were performed to identify novel OSH genetic interactions and to better understand the functional interrelationship between the seven OSH genes. These results suggested that a primary role of the OSH genes is to regulate vesicle docking during polarized exocytosis, and not necessarily for the direct transfer of sterols between membranes.


Early Territory Chinese like Chinese elsewhere in Australia have no obvious equivalent to Ned Kelly. They revere no anti-establishment criminal, terrorising the district's good citizens, shooting at police, playing to the press gallery at his trial, and with his last public breath pointing the bone at the judge. Territory Chinese must have often felt discriminated against, tarred with a reputation for certain vices particularly opium, gambling and prostitution of Aboriginal women. When they felt victimised, however, they more often fought back with a subversive and peculiarly Chinese humour, or with Ministerial petitions and letters to the Editor, rather than force of arms.


This article elaborates the heat treatment processes for the tensile mold steel GCr15.The size and shape are controlled effectively by selecting proper materials,using the method of predicating the distortion and combining the necessary cutting processes.Moreover,chemical heat treatment and final heat treatment are used to convert the microstucture so that the working properties are improved and using time is prolonged.


Abstract. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is one of the research hot spots in the climate change
research due to its unique geographical location and high altitude. Downward
longwave radiation (DLR), as a key component in the surface energy budget,
has practical implications for radiation budget and climate change. A
couple of attempts have been made to parametrize DLR over the TP based on
hourly or daily measurements and crude clear-sky discrimination methods.
This study uses 1 min shortwave and longwave radiation measurements at
three stations over the TP to parametrize DLR during summer months. Three
independent methods are used to discriminate clear sky from clouds based on
1 min radiation and lidar measurements. This guarantees the strict selection
of clear-sky samples that is fundamental for the parametrization of
clear-sky DLR. A total of 11 clear-sky and 4 cloudy DLR parametrizations are
examined and locally calibrated. Compared to previous studies, DLR
parametrizations here are shown to be characterized by smaller root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) and higher coefficients of determination ( R2 ).
Clear-sky DLR can be estimated from the best parametrization with a RMSE of
3.8 W m −2 and R2>0.98 . Systematic overestimation of
clear-sky DLR by the locally calibrated parametrization in one previous
study is found to be approximately 25 W m −2 (10 %), which is very
likely due to potential residual cloud contamination on previous clear-sky
DLR parametrization. The cloud base height under overcast conditions is shown to
play an important role in cloudy DLR parametrization, which is considered
in the locally calibrated parametrization over the TP for the first time.
Further studies on DLR parametrization during nighttime and in seasons
except summer are required for our better understanding of the role of DLR
in climate change.


Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS),tetraethoxysilane(TEOS),ethyl alcohol(EtOH) and deionized water were main raw materials to prepare silicone-modified hybrid thin films using sol-gel method.The effect of the contents of H2O and PDMS on thin films was studied.When the volume ratio of H2O to TEOS is 0.5,the optimum quality of thin films is obtained.And the gelation time is affected slightly by H2O content.Uniform thin films are obtained when the volume ratio of PDMS to TEOS is 0.2.Yet,the sol would be inactive in 6 d.Various properties of thin films were studied,including hardness,adhesive quality,hydrophobic property,corrosion protection property,and abrasion resistance.Test results show that the pencil hardness is generally 3-6 H,and adhesive quality achieves the highest standard of 0.When the sintering temperature is below 400 oC,the contact angle is about 95° and hydrophobic films are obtained.The abrasion resistance of thin films is better than that of aluminum alloy when the sintering temperature is higher than 300 oC.And the excellent corrosion protective effect is obtained by single-layer coating when the sintering temperature is higher than 400 oC.


When I opened my first practice in 1986, I was intrigued by an advertisement in Contemporary Pediatrics that caught my attention, and days later I was the proud owner of a FirstTemp tympanic thermometer.


Starting with the premise that research questions emanating from the fields of psychoneuroimmunology and behavioral medicine may provide critical information for understanding and treating acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), we provide brief backgrounds on psychoneuroimmunology and on AIDS. Previously, Solomon had generated 25 hypotheses based on the thesis that the immune and central nervous systems are intimately linked. Eight hypotheses from his list are presented as particularly relevant to AIDS. From these hypotheses, we derived a set of 12 new questions to be addressed in research on AIDS. Evidence and illustrations from studies in the literature, from our own research on psychoimmunologic relationships and psychosocial factors related to outcome, and from clinical examples is discussed for each question. Finally, suggestions are offered to address some of the problems in conducting psychoneurologic research.


The diversity in structure, both formal and informal, which exists among international unions is well known, even to the casual student of unionism. Less noticed or discussed, however, is the similar variety in organization of local unions. As in the case of the internationals, the structure of locals has been conditioned by historical accident, institutional and personal influences, and the complexities of industrial organization, and represents the result of efforts to keep the local organization viable in an ever-changing industrial environment. (Author's abstract courtesy EBSCO.)


Objective To explore the relevance of TNF-α gene polymorphism and gestational diabetes mellitus( GDM) by meta analysis.Methods Taking the gene distribution ratio( OR value) of GDM patients and normal controls as a statistic,the software RevMan5.1 was used to conduct the heterogeneity tests and data consolidation of multi-center studies.Then the combined results were used to conduct the sensitivity analysis and evaluate the stability of results.Results There was a large heterogeneity between the results of several studies.After merging data according to geographical differences,subgroup analysis showed that the TNF-α promoter genotype( GA + AA) /GG frequency( OR value) and the frequency of allele G/A were significantly different between GDM group and normal control group in domestic populations( P 0.000 1),but not in the foreign population,and the frequency of GA + AA genotype and the frequency of allele A were higher in GDM group than in normal control group.After merging data according to( GA + AA) / GG groups,subgroup analysis showed that the HOMA-IR in GA + AA group was lower than in GG group in foreign population( P 0.000 01),while the HOMA-IR in GA + AA group was higher than in GG group in domestic population( P 0.000 1),and the TNF-α level was higher in GA + AA group than in GG group( P 0.000 1).Conclusion The correlation between TNF-α gene polymorphism and GDM has regional difference.In the domestic population,TNF-α gene polymorphism is correlated with GDM,and the allele A is a risk factor for the occurrence of GDM.There is no evidence to prove that TNF-α gene polymorphism is correlated with GDM in foreign crowd.


The discipline of genetics has long been a rhetorical and heuristic locus for social and political issues. As such, the science has influenced culture through the avenues of law, medicine, warfare, social work, and even, since 1972 in California, the education of kindergarten students. It has affected how we view the body, morality, romance, biography, and agency-not to mention procreation and death. In many ways the delamination of genotype from phenotype was the first cut, so to speak, in this new cosmetics of life. The distinction between structure and expression arose from an interdisciplinary struggle for authority in the biological sciences at the turn of the century. This preceptual split in the organism between structure and expression came over time to fundamentally alter the percepts of the body, in terms of how the body is juridically, medicinally, and otherwise, generally perceived and understood. More importantly and interestingly, this delamination within the organism between its genotype and phenotype eventually led to a sense of the body's fragility and its eventual "disappearance" as a seat of agency, morality, and identity; and in turn these three groundings of modernity have been redistributed to the gene, the genotype, and the genome. In one sense, then, this paper traces not so much the birth of a new view of the body (the genetic) but the drama of its disappearance, in which the body melts to a silhouette and is replaced by the genotype and its expression, the phenotype.


Effective elastic and thermal properties for isotropic or transversely isotropic thermoelastic fibrous composite materials are obtained. Fibers are distributed with the same periodicity along the two perpendicular directions to the fiber orientation. The periodic cell of the composite has a square or hexagonal distribution. Perfect contact between the fiber and the matrix is presented. The effective properties are calculated using a semi-analytical method. The semi-analytical method consists of obtaining the differential equations that describe the local problems using the Asymptotic Homogenization Method. Then, these equations are solved using the Finite Element Method. Effective elastic coefficient (C¯), effective thermal expansion coefficient (α¯) and the effective thermal conductivity (κ¯) are obtained. The numerical results are compared with the semi-analytical solution and with results reported by other authors. Additionally, the effective properties for a fiber with an elliptical cross section are calculated. Distributions of the fiber's cross section with different orientations are also studied. A MATLAB program for computing the effective coefficients is presented.


'reflective practice' seem equally applicable to 'communicative planning'. The editors see the book as the result of a 'productive globalization of discourse' (25) about planning, although, perhaps unsurprisingly there is a strong bias toward American cases and debates. It cannot be expected that a book of this sort should provide a running commentary on current events, but the virtual absence of any discussion of the planning implications of the economic crisis that has unfolded since 2008 seems a glaring absence in a book published in 2012 and gives some of the discussion a dated feel. In addition, the few passing references to climate change seem inadequate in a book about 'planning ideas that matter'. Nevertheless, the book provides a useful primer on aspects of the (mainly American) planning debate. Planning students will find useful summaries of key debates especially in the chapters by Teitz, Grindle, Sagalyn, Fischler and Healey.


Introduction. A new Monte Carlo geometric optics model of light scattering in the media like planetary regolith is presented. It is based on the effective computational algorithm and provides a powerful tool for interpreting photometric observations. It allows to calculate the shadowing probability and photometric properties of media made of particles with random irregular shapes and different sizes. Model description. The scheme of our experiments simulates reality: a medium is generated in a computer memory and then a beam of rays comes in the medium surface at the known illumination/observation geometry. We used a geometric optics approach with the premise that medium particles are opaque[1]. To generate a 3D medium consisting of randomly shaped particles, we used the idea of 4D stochastic relief intersection by a 3D hyperplane proposed in [2]. The description of the surface of the medium particles in the computer memory is represented as a discret succession of small triangular facets attached to each other (see Fig.), so that one can put a normal to each facet and determine local angles of incidence and emergence to calculate the scattered flux by any surface indicatrix. Lambertian light-scattering indicatrix was taken, but it should be emphasized that any indicatrix could be involved in the analysis.


Abstract Commercial formulations of spinosad applied at three concentrations of 0.2, 0.1, and 0.05%, and three temperatures of 15, 20, and 25 °C, were tested against Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) under laboratory conditions. Spinosad was toxic by both contact and ingestion. Investigations of interactions between temperatures and doses of spinosad showed that a temperature of 15 °C and a concentration of 0.2% caused a statistically higher mortality of adult insects than did other temperatures and concentrations. This was confirmed in another experiment involving control of the overwintered beetles, in which the mortality of larvae was statistically higher at 0.2% but the temperature had no influence on the results. The Colorado potato beetle was found to be highly susceptible to spinosad and therefore could be effectively controlled in organic potato fields.


Genetic hypotheses and derived classifications have varied in extreme cycles. There are objections to certain features of the Lindgren hypothesis and classification. A proposed provisional classification is outlined. This uses the apparently fundamental and objective factors of depth and temperature expressed by ordinates and abscissae on charts. Areas on these represent well known genetic types of ore deposits.


Abstract : This is the final progress report. The objective of this project is to acquire an instrument that enables the fabrication of bulk nanostructured metallic materials via a modified suction casting technique. The ultimate goal is to provide a platform that supports the design and fabrication of nanostructured metallic materials that have superior radiation tolerance. Specifically we will use the instrument to fabricate 1) multiphase bulk nanostructured metallic materials with high strength and ductility, and high temperature thermal stability; 2) nanoscale oxides dispersion strengthened (ODS) alloys. The major technical accomplishments achieved during this project include the followings. First, we acquired an Edmund Buhler s Arc Melter Type AM machine with suction casting capability. The instrument is capable of melting a variety of high melting temperature metallic materials (up to 3,500oC), and perform rapid solidification via suction casting techniques. Second, we used this instrument to fabricate several bulk nanostructured metallic materials. In particular we fabricated bulk nanostructured Fe-Zr alloys via suction casting technique. The as-cast FeZr alloys have nanolaminates, and have extraordinary high temperature thermal stability. Finally we performed in situ radiation studies on the as-cast FeZr alloys have observed excellent radiation resistance in this nanostructured alloys.


The relatively large number of training speakers training a set of speaker dependent model, a model for each speaker, in a predetermined order to extract the model parameters, each speaker to constitute a super vector. This group super vectors main component analysis generates a set of eigenvectors define an eigenspace. New speaker provides adaptation data from said adaptation data to form a super-vector, according to the maximum likelihood estimation vectors over constrained within eigenspace. Synthesis of coefficients in the eigenspace of this new speaker using constituting a new set of model parameters, the speaker adapted model by these new model parameter configuration.


Pacific Economic Bulletin Volume 21 Number 2 2006 © Asia Pacific Press This article assesses the magnitude of expected financial gains and the nature of incentives that a performance payment based contractual system may offer in a segmented sugar industry such as Fiji's. A performance payment system (PPS), such as the Atherton system, could give all industry stakeholders incentives to improve performance. However, in the light of operational issues, a grower-miller based PPS may be more practical. Some loss of static efficiency may occur in this second-best option but, given the gravity of industry inefficiency in Fiji, a contractual agreement to improve the performance of all parties is urgently needed. Padma Lal is a Sustainable Development Adviser with the Pacific Islands Forum Secretariat. Potential efficiency gains in the Fiji sugar industry: the performance payment system


Beach conservation project was carried out at Sanur, Nusa Dua and Kuta Beaches, which are the worldfamous resorts in Bali Island, Indonesia, to recover the natural coral sandy beaches. Beach nourishment was conducted together with the construction of groins, headlands and offshore islands. The design and construction method for this project are discussed. The monitoring survey of the shoreline has been carried out for more than three years after the nourishment at Sanur and Nusa Dua Beaches. It was observed that the nourished beaches have almost reached a stable condition several months after its nourishment.


W 4 is a real time visual surveillance system for detecting and tracking people and monitoring their activities in an outdoor environment. It operates on monocular grayscale video imagery, or on video imagery from an infrared camera. Unlike many of systems for tracking people, W 4 makes no use of color cues. Instead, W 4 employs a combination of shape analysis and tracking to locate people and their parts (head, hands, feet, torso) and to create models of people's appearance so that they can be tracked through interactions such as occlusions. W 4 is capable of simultaneously tracking multiple people even with occlu-sion. It runs at 20 Hz for 320x240 resolution images on a dual-pentium 200 PC. 1 Overview of the W 4 System W 4 is a real time system for tracking people and their body parts in monochromatic imagery. It constructs dynamic models of people's movements to answer questions about what they are doing, and where and when they act. It constructs appearance models of the people it tracks so that it can track people (who?) through occlusion events in the imagery. In this paper we describe the computational models employed by W 4 to detect and track people and their parts. These models are designed to allow W 4 to determine types of interactions between people and objects, and to overcome the inevitable errors and ambiguities that arise in dynamic image analysis (such as instability in segmen-tation processes over time, splitting of objects due to coincidental alignment of objects parts with similarly colored background regions, etc.) W 4 employs a combination of shape analysis and robust techniques for tracking to detect people, and to locate and track their body parts. It builds \appearance" models of people so that they can be identiied after occlusions or after other interactions during which W 4 cannot track them individually. W 4 has been designed to work with only monochro-matic video sources, either visible or infrared. While most previous work on detection and tracking of people has relied heavily on color cues, W 4 is designed for outdoor surveillance tasks, and particularly for night-time or other low light level situations. In such cases, color will not be available, and people need to be detected and tracked based on weaker appearance and motion cues. W 4 is a real time system. It currently is implemented on a dual processor Pentium PC and …


Four species of Cercophora, C. acanthigera, C. coprophila, C. gossypina, and C. tuberculata are described and illustrated. They are new to Taiwan. A key to six species of Cercophora from Taiwan is provided.


Objective To compare the clinicopathological features and perioperative outcomes of video-assisted mediastinoscopy esophagectomy (VAME) compared to video-assisted thoracoscopy esophagectomy (VATE) in esophageal cancer. Methods We comprehensively searched online databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Wiley online library) to find available studies exploring the clinicopathological features and perioperative outcomes between VAME and VATE in esophageal cancer. Relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% CI were used to evaluate the perioperative outcomes and clinicopathological features. Results A total of seven observational studies and one randomized controlled trial involving 733 patients were considered eligible for this meta-analysis, of which 350 patients underwent VAME in contrast to 383 patients underwent VATE. Patients in the VAME group had more pulmonary comorbidities (RR = 2.18, 95% CI 1.37–3.46, P = 0.001). The pooled results showed that VAME shortened the operation time (SMD = −1.53, 95% CI −2.308–−0.76, P = 0.000), and retrieved less total lymph nodes (SMD = −0.70, 95% CI −0.90–−0.50, P = 0.000). No differences were observed in other clinicopathological features, postoperative complications or mortality. Conclusions This meta-analysis revealed that patients in the VAME group had more pulmonary disease before surgery. The VAME approach significantly shortened the operation time and retrieved less total lymph nodes and did not increase intra- or postoperative complications.


In the present work we have designed and built a cutting machine out of use tires parallel to the tread, in order to reduce the physical effort of the operator time and improve cut quality with respect to which it obtains manually, and will reduce pollution hence the space they occupy in the environment, as these will be reused mainly in the cultivation of fruit pitahaya.
Using a suitable alternative methodology for the design and construction of major systems, the machine was selected considering several criteria essential.
The cutting process was developed by considering a diamond disk drive system of the double pinion gear, so that the tire enter into circular motion through-cutting rotor system driven by a motor, the cutting also has a lever and a hydraulic jack, the same drilling necessary to allow the acquisition of the two cut tire covers. The two tapas acquired by the cutting process will name as tire frame. ...


Although bicomponent yarns have been around for about 50 years now and they are not a new phenomenon, we have seen a constant increase in demand over the past few years (with frequent fashionrelated peaks in 2015, for example). Reasons for this development are manifold. In addition to current fashion trends, new, highly-efficient solutions for manufacturing textile fabrics such as circular knitting, for instance, reduce production costs.


Feed additives are a group of nutrient and non-nutrient compounds which helps in improving the efficiency of feed utilization and thus reducing the cost of feed. In the past, antibiotics were the most routinely used feed additives. However, now -a-days use of antibiotics is not only limited but their use in livestock and poultry industry also have been banned in many countries due to the reasons like alteration of natural gut microbes and drug resistance in bacteria and humans. As, a result, to replace them without adversely affecting the performance of birds, natural growth promotes such as prebiotics, symbiotic, enzymes, plant extracts etc. can be used to feed the broilers (Borazjanizadeh et International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 04 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Quinolizidinic alkaloids sparteine and lupanine are the most abundant alkaloids in wild Lupinus species (0.5%) as well as in Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius (0.015%). A hypoglycaemia inducing effect of these alkaloids obtained from wild Lupinus has been reported to occur following their oral administration to rats; however, their seizures inhibitory effects have not yet been demonstrated. Therefore, we performed seizure inhibition tests in the following groups: I. 0.9% isotonic solution; II. 40 mg/kg; III. 80 mg/kg; IV. 160 mg/kg of spartein sulfate; and V. 30 mg/kg Carbamazepine orally administered through a metallic cannulae during seven days. On the eighth day Maximal electrostimulation seizure inducing test (MES) and subcutaneously injected pentame thylenetetrazole seizure inducing test (METsc) were performed. Also, these groups received both drugs during the 15 th and 30 th day periods to study sparteine toxicological effect through the: 1. measurement of blood biochemical metabolites concentrations; 2. morphologically, after performing tissue fixation through intracardiac perfusion with 0.9% NaCl in 0.15M phosphate buffer pH 7.4 containing 4% formaldehyde; and 3. beha vioraly, through measurement of spatial learning and memory Morris water maze test from the 31 st to the 34 th day of sparteine and carbamazepine oral administration. We found an average of 100% protection with SPT in groups IIIa and IIIb was formerly recorded in comparison to 65% (Va) and 55% (Vb). We found no toxicity in groups II, III and V; however, weight loss increased at 80 (III) and mortality at 160 mg/kg. (IV). All water maze parameters for groups II, III, IV and V were normal. In conclusion, sparteine inhibited non convulsive seizures with lesser efficacy (in contrast to discussion?). Under the above conditions SPT was found suitable to become a non convulsive seizures useful drug with greater efficacy than carbamazepine) than carbamazepine. Sparteine displayed no toxicity at 40 and 80 mg/kg in liver, heart and kidneys during the tested periods. Correspondingly, we found that spartein did not modify short-term memory or spatial learning.


The paper investigates the effect of marketing mix strategies on performance of small and medium enterprises in Rivers State. A theoretical framework is developed to examine the association between marketing mix strategies and performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive survey and exploration design methods for the collection of vital information from sample SMEs in Port Harcourt. Rivers State of Nigeria. Primary data were collected through the use of questionnaires administered to 210 Small and Medium Enterprises selected through a simple random sampling technique. The ANOVA was applied to data collected. Results revealed a significant relationship between marketing mix strategies and performance in SMEs in Rivers State of Nigeria. The study recommends that Nigerian SME,s should emphasize more on the marketing mix strategies that exerts maximum influence on performance and suggests that further studies be carried on other industries other than the SME,s Industry to verify the results of this study. Keywords: Marketing mix, Marketing mix strategies, Performance, SMEs


This paper addresses the hypothetical consequences of applying the rationality of the market model to the core activities of science, viz. reading, writing texts, and posing and answer- ing scientific questions. What would happen to science and to our ideas and norms regarding sci- ence if we ascribed to the individual scientist the rationality of 'economic man'? The starting point is a discussion of scientific norms and driving forces in the sociology of science. A central conclu- sion is that science has until now been perceived as being judgment driven, and that scientific judgment historically has been formed in a setting where intersubjectivity has been central. This analysis bridges the gap between classical Mertonian sociology of science and science and tech- nology studies. What then happens to discretionary decision making if we introduce economic rationality into science? Economics tends to treat science from a Mertonian viewpoint, presuppos- ing a value-based rationality, and when economic rationality (the supply/demand mechanism) is introduced, these values are not affected. However, the conclusion of this article is that this would indeed deeply affect scientific rationality. Discretionary decision making would be downplayed, as focus would shift from the text as a means of communicating the result, to the text as a commod- ity in a market of publication. This would disembed the credibility cycle, and it would alter the character of scientific work and undermine intersubjectivity. Consumption would be disembed- ded from the context of use and from the norms regarding the use of texts and their value. The knowledge base necessary for intersubjectivity would decrease.


The affinity of amino acid residues to nucleic acids is probed by measurements of melting temperatures tm for the helix–coil transition at various concentrations of amino acid amides. The increase of tm on addition of ligand is described by the equation tm = t*m + αlog(1+Ktcλ), where t*m is the melting temperature in the absence of ligand, cλ the ligand concentration, and Kt the "tm‐onset" constant, which is analogous to an equilibrium constant. It is shown that Kt is closely related to the affinity of the ligands to the double helix, whereas the slope α mainly reflects the preference of the ligand binding to the helix versus the coil form. In the case of the amino acid amides, α is found to be virtually independent of the nature of the side chain with few exceptions, e. g., aromatic amides. The tm‐onset constant, however, strongly depends on the nature of the amino acid side chain. For simple aliphatic amino acids, the relative free energy of binding decreases with increasing hydrophobic free energy, e.g., a high affinity is found for Gly‐amide and a low affinity for Leu‐amide. This relation is modified by functional groups like OH in Ser‐amide. The helices poly[d(A‐T)], ploy[d(I‐C)]. and poly[d(A‐C)]·poly[d(G‐T)] exhibit similar affinity scales with relatively small variations. Our results demonstrate that the hydrophilic character of double helices at their surface disfavors binding of hydrophobic ligands unless special contacts can be formed. From our results we establish an affinity scale for the binding of amino acids to double helices.


INTRODUCTION The origins of oesophageal surgery, like most surgical treatments, are based in the treatment of traumatic injury. The Smith Surgical Papyrus describes the examination, diagnosis and treatment of "a gaping wound of throat, penetrating the gullet"[1]. This article focuses on the important conditions facing the oesophageal surgeon today, with an emphasis on those where there have been significant changes in our understanding of disease or approaches to treatment.


The following interview with Zafer Senocak was conducted by Elke Segelcke in Berlin in July 2009. The passages published here are part of a longer interview that will appear in its entirety in Seminar in February 2010 (Vol. 46, No. 1); we are grateful to Seminar for permission to publish these excerpts. An additional excerpt will appear in German Quarterly in January 2010 (Vol. 83, No. 1). Editor's note: Unfortunately, our online publishing software does not allow the use of certain diacritics; the cedilla under the S of Senocak appears correctly in the body of the article.


Angular distributions of the positron annihilation quanta were measured for polycrystalline samples deformed by uniaxial tension up to difierent deformation degrees. The S parameter as a function of the W parameter was determined. The data obtained for samples elongated up to difierent elongation degrees indicate that in the proportionality and limited proportionality regions the changes in the physical properties of samples are governed mainly by generation of vacancies and formation and kinetics of transformations of vacancy clusters occurring flrst of all on the grains of monocrystallites. In the region of plastic deformations the dominant defects are dislocations and vacancies and their aggregates generated due to the formation and movement of the dislocation of the primary and secondary slip. The positron annihilation data are corroborated by the results of the resistometric and tensometric measurements in the proportionality and limited proportionality regions.


We report the observation of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a bosonic isotope of ytterbium $(^{170}\mathrm{Yb})$. More than ${10}^{6}$ atoms are trapped in a crossed optical dipole trap and cooled by evaporation. Condensates of approximately ${10}^{4}$ atoms have been obtained. From an expansion of the condensate, we have extracted the scattering length ${a}_{170}=3.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.9\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$.


Simulation calculations are reported for single-chain polymer–wall conformation-averaged potentials of mean force and segment-density profiles for homopolymers of different structures as a function of the segment–wall attractive potential. When there is no attraction between the wall and the polymer segments, the presence of the wall generates a polymer-segment depletion layer whose thickness depends on polymer structure and on surface roughness. Segment-density profiles are characterized by three regions. In the proximal region, the segment density is determined by surface roughness and by polymer flexibility. In the distal region, the segment density approaches unity asymptotically. In the central region, the segment density depends on geometric characteristics of the polymer in the bulk solution. When the wall–segment attractive potential is sufficiently large, the depletion layer thickness is reduced and the polymers are adsorbed. When attraction is weak, compact polymers (e.g., dendrimers of high gen...


Abstract— Randomized clinical trials have not provided conclusive data that hormone replacement therapy confers cardioprotection against coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women. However, other studies have shown that estrogens can induce beneficial effects on the vasculature. Nevertheless, the specific contribution of estrogen receptors (ERs) &agr; and &bgr; on vascular cells is not well characterized. Therefore, we used an antisense gene therapy approach to investigate the contribution of ER&agr; and ER&bgr; on p38 and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation and on vascular cell responsiveness. Treatment of porcine smooth muscle cells (PSMCs) with platelet-derived growth factor-BB induced p38 and p42/44 MAPK activation and their migration and proliferation. These effects were prevented by pretreatment with 17&bgr;-estradiol (17&bgr;E). The inhibitory effects of 17&bgr;E on PSMCs were abrogated by the downregulation of ER&bgr; protein expression with selective ER&bgr; mRNA antisense oligomers, whereas the downregulation of ER&agr; had no effect. However, treatment of porcine aortic endothelial cells with 17&bgr;E promoted p38 and p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation and their migration and proliferation. These effects were ER&agr; dependent, as defined by antisense gene therapy. These results suggest that in PSMCs, 17&bgr;E reduces p42/44 and p38 MAPK activity through ER&bgr; stimulation, whereas in contrast, in porcine aortic endothelial cells, 17&bgr;E induces p42/44 and p38 MAPK through ER&agr; activation. 17&bgr;E may contribute to the vascular healing process and to the prevention of restenosis by improving reendothelialization through ER&agr; activation and by decreasing smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation through ER&bgr; stimulation.


BOSTON-Featuring its usual breadth, the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (publisher of Science), held 14 to 19 February, included reviews of recent physics breakthroughs and new findings in anthropology. Other stories can be found in last week's issue (p. 1457) and at www.sciencenow.org.


We investigate topological aspects of sub-nm electron vortex beams upon elastic propagation through atomic scattering potentials. Two main aspects can be distinguished: (i) Significantly reduced delocalization compared to a similar non-vortex beam if the beam centers on an atomic column and (ii) site symmetry dependent splitting of higher-order vortex beams. Furthermore, the results provide insight into the complex vortex line fabric within the elastically scattered wave containing characteristic vortex loops predominantly attached to atomic columns and characteristic twists of vortex lines around atomic columns.


This paper describes the development of a micro fuel reformer integrated with a combustor and an evaporator. Fuel reforming tests were performed by using a mixture of methanol and water as reforming fuel and hydrogen as combustion fuel. It was found that the design of the microchannel evaporator is critical to obtain larger hydrogen output. Hydrogen output and CO concentration were investigated by varying the input combustion power at different fuel feeding rates. 32.9 sccm of hydrogen, which is equivalent to 5.9 W in lower heating value, was produced, when input combustion power was 11 W.


The 12th Annual Conference of our Association takes place in Oslo at a crucial moment for EUPHA. EUPHA is a scientific society which is developing steadily. After the successful conferences in Dresden and Rome, the large number of submitted abstracts and their excellent quality confirm that the conference through its plenaries, workshops and parallel sessions provides an interesting opportunity to exchange knowledge and experiences in the numerous fields of public health affecting so strongly the health of the European populations. On behalf of EUPHA, I would like to thank Professor Tellnes, Conference organiser and President-elect, his staff and the Norwegian Society of Public Health for organising this excellent Conference and the constructive collaboration in preparing it. As for the two past Conferences, the abstracts of the Oslo Conference are published in a supplement of the European Journal of Public Health (EJPH), the Official Journal of EUPHA.


Significance Many bacteria produce antimicrobial peptides for survival under stressful conditions. Some of these antimicrobial peptides are lasso peptides, which have a unique lasso-like topology and have generated great interest as a result of their stability in harsh conditions and amenability to functional engineering. In this study, we determined crystal structures of two lasso peptides, microcin J25 and capistruin, bound to their natural enzymatic target, the bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). The structures define peptide inhibitor–RNAP interactions that are important for inhibition and provide detailed insight into how the peptides inhibit RNAP function. This work provides a structural basis to guide the design of more potent lasso peptide antimicrobial approaches. We report crystal structures of the antibacterial lasso peptides microcin J25 (MccJ25) and capistruin (Cap) bound to their natural enzymatic target, the bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP). Both peptides bind within the RNAP secondary channel, through which NTP substrates enter the RNAP active site, and sterically block trigger-loop folding, which is essential for efficient catalysis by the RNAP. MccJ25 binds deep within the secondary channel in a manner expected to interfere with NTP substrate binding, explaining the partial competitive mechanism of inhibition with respect to NTPs found previously [Mukhopadhyay J, Sineva E, Knight J, Levy RM, Ebright RH (2004) Mol Cell 14:739–751]. The Cap binding determinant on RNAP overlaps, but is not identical to, that of MccJ25. Cap binds further from the RNAP active site and does not sterically interfere with NTP binding, and we show that Cap inhibition is partially noncompetitive with respect to NTPs. This work lays the groundwork for structure determination of other lasso peptides that target the bacterial RNAP and provides a structural foundation to guide lasso peptide antimicrobial engineering approaches.


In immature lambs prophylactic LV provides better gas exchange than gas ventilation (GV). In 2 groups of age-matched lambs (gest=lll±1d), after GV for first 45min of life, lambs were rescued: G-I(n=6) with 200mg/Kg of 14C-DPPC label SF (Curosurf) and G-II(n=6) with brief (5min) LV with oxygenated liquid perfluocarbon. Results are compared to previous studies in lambs with LV (G-III;n=7) and GV (G-IV;n=9) since birth (J.Appl. Physiol. 72:1024; 1992). Oxygenation improved after therapy in both rescue groups, not reaching G-III levels. In G-II paO2 decrease by 2.5h, and in G-I remained unchanged while PIP and PEEP need to be increased to values above those of G-III. In both G-I and II pulmonary compliance similarly increased after rescure and compared to untreated lambs, been less than in G-III. Labeled SF was distributed with >65% of lung sections with an amount within 20% of mean. Bleeding through tracheal tube was seen in 5/8 lambs in G-I immediately after treatment and was not seen in other groups. Gross and microscopic examination of lungs demonstrated evidence of hemmorhage and uneven inflation in all groups but G-III. Even in very immature lambs, both rescue strategies transiently improve gas exchange and pulmonary function; although exposure of immature lung to GV after rescue, impedes a sustained effect of both rescue modalities, been total LV since birth a better alternative.


The first and most compelling evidence of the universe's expansion was, and continues to be, the observed redshift of spectra from distant objects. This paper plays "devil's advocate" by providing an alternative explanation with elementary physics. I assume a steady-state universe that is infinite in both expanse and age, with the observed redshifts caused by particle interactions creating an overall index of refraction of the universe. The cumulative effects of these interactions over long distances cause not only the shifts that we observe, but also the monotonically increasing redshifts as more distant objects are observed. This is a novel explanation for the phenomenon known as "tired light" which has been discussed for decades.


PURPOSE
We analyzed outcomes of 18 subfoveal neovascular membrane scars after surgery removal in age related macular degeneration. Surface and aspect of pigment epithelial defects were evaluated on angiographic data.

RESULTS
We differentiated glial scars and atrophic scars, the most numerous. Scar surfaces were larger compared to the initial preoperative lesions. Central epithelial pigments in scars disappeared in the three months following surgery. After on year, scar surfaces moderately enlarged.

DISCUSSION
Ideal approach for retinotomy as well as clinical aspects have to be well evaluated in subfoveal neovascular surgical removal. The angiographic mask effect of the avascular ring surrounding the neovessel is sometime detectable; the approximative scar surface is by this fact more predictable.

CONCLUSION
Iatrogenic damages of surgery and postoperative inflammatory lesions must be considered before when a surgical removal of neovascular membranes is suggested.


ownloade pose: Paragangliomas of the head and neck are neuroendocrine tumors and are associated with line mutations of the tricarboxylic acid cycle–related genes SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, and SDHAF2. xia is important in most solid tumors, and was directly implicated in tumorigenesis over 40 years hen it was shown that dwelling at high altitudes increases the incidence of carotid body hyperplasia aragangliomas. Although recent research has now elucidated several pathways of hypoxia in paraomas, nothing is currently known of the genetics or of gene-environment interactions in highe paraganglioma. We postulated that SDH mutations might play a role in these tumors. erimental Design: Patients from a Mexican family, originating and resident in Guadalajara, were for mutations of SDHD, and subsequently, for mutations of SDHB followed by immunohistocal confirmation of SDHB loss. ults: Two patients, born and resident at altitudes of between 1,560 and 2,240 m, were found to ead and neck paragangliomas, including a remarkably aggressive recurrent tumor. Mutation analentified a pathogenic missense mutation in exon 7 of SDHB, c.689G>A, p.Arg230His, and loss of HB protein was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. clusions: This is the first report of a SDH gene mutation in paraganglioma at high altitude. A y recurrent head and neck paraganglioma is a very rare finding in an SDH mutation carrier, suggestrapidl ing a gene-environment interaction. Neither patient showed evidence of sympathetic paraganglioma. Clin Cancer Res; 16(16); 4148–54. ©2010 AACR.


Schottky barrier diodes on α−Ga2O3:Sn heteroepitaxial thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition on m-plane sapphire substrates are reported. Sets of co-planar diodes were fabricated with different metals and different deposition methods. The current rectification and effective Schottky barrier height of oxidized contacts realized by reactive sputtering significantly exceed the values of non-oxidized contacts realized by thermal evaporation or sputtering in an inert argon atmosphere. The best values obtained are rectification of about eight orders of magnitude (±2 V) and 1.3 eV effective barrier height. The current-voltage characteristics of selected non-oxidized and oxidized platinum diodes have been studied as a function of measurement temperature. The temperature dependence of the effective barrier height and the ideality factor of the diodes were fitted taking into account the lateral potential fluctuations of the barrier potential. The determined mean barrier heights and standard deviations are in the range of 1.76–2.53 and 0.2–0.33 eV, respectively, and are classified with respect to the literature and fulfill a well-established empirical correlation (Lajn's rule) for a variety of Schottky barrier diodes on different semiconducting materials.


We agree with Moon and colleagues1—most of the 11 000 Ebola deaths in west Africa could have been prevented had the world been much better prepared. Those three countries had broken health systems, rudimentary capacities for research and logistics, and no early warning systems. People put their trust in traditional healers. Clinicians had unsafe treatment centres, no vaccines or treatments, …


In today's complex digital circuit design,the core architecture of "embedded microprocessor + FPGA" is being widely used.A method of doing little amending in traditional FPGA configuration circuit to realize dynamic configuration is presented.It has been proved to be an efficient and convenient way in practical application.


The 2005 Australian horror film Wolf Creek—a first feature for director Greg McLean—became one of the surprise international film success stories of that year. First screened at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2005, Wolf Creek was picked up for international distribution by the Weinstein-owned Miramax/Dimension Films for US$3.5 million, and was released through Dimension Films in the United States on 25 December 2005. The film was based on 'actual events'—in particular, two high-profile true crime stories that have haunted the popular cultural imaginary of Australian society; firstly, the Ivan Milat hitchhiker murders from the early 1990s; and secondly, the violent abduction and murder of British tourist Peter Falconio in the Northern Territory in 1996, a case only recently resolved with Bradley John Murdoch convicted for his death and sentenced to life imprisonment in Darwin on 13 December 2005.


Based on the detection data of more than twenty large-scale hydropower projects,the wave velocity changes before and after consolidation grouting of rock masses under different conditions of fault fracture zone,weathered zone,and excavation effecting zone are analyzed;and the relationship between the increasing rate of wave velocity after grouting and the wave velocity before grouting is established.Moreover,the relationship between change of wave velocity and deformation parameters of rock mass is discussed.And the comparison between detection data and test results of consolidation grouting for foundation of intake tower in Pubugou hydropower station is carried out.The results show that:(1) The groutability of rock mass is the decisive factor of consolidation grouting effect.(2) Different rock masses have their corresponding fixed ranges of increasing rate of wave velocity.Under confidence interval of 95%,the ranges of increasing rate of wave velocity of fault fracture zone,weathered zone and excavation effecting zone are 14%-38%,10%-25% and 6%-16%,respectively.(3) The relationship between increasing rate of wave velocity and wave velocity before grouting can be used to predict the effect of consolidation grouting.


The overall purpose of the Cameroon Health Sector Support Investment operation is to support the government's 2009-2012 Health Sector Development Program. The operation will finance: (i) a target group of districts to expand access to a basic package of health services using a performance based contractual approach; and (ii) institutional capacity building to contract within the public sector, including systems for contract development, data collection and validation, and monitoring and evaluation. The objective of this study is to develop an appropriate system of planning and management of hospital waste, the implementation of which will improve public health, while respecting the requirements and environmental standards, technical and socio-cultural Cameroon. The study will identify the different stages of management, strengthen coordination and identify specific investment needs and capacity building and training measures. The situation of hospital waste in the health of Cameroon is quite worrying to the environmental and health plans. It should be stressed that the failure in managing hospital waste can cause chemical and biological pollution to the environment; infections for health and personal service users; contamination of surface water and groundwater; proliferation disease vectors; discomfort and unsanitary conditions at health facilities. Environmental impacts are manifold when proper waste management is not attempted. The uncontrolled burning of waste sanitary can produce serious air pollution, including the formation of dioxins and furans. Liquid wastes when they are added to sewage are a hazard to surface waters, and raw landfill on the hospital grounds are a permanent danger to groundwater and houses nearby.


Abstract This paper traces the development of real estate education over the last few decades. It addresses the different schools of thought on what constitutes real estate education; in particular, the US versus the UK models and the dilemmas facing each model. However, with increasing globalisation and the pervasiveness of information technology, the more fundamental issue facing real estate education today is its relevance to the professions as well as in the new knowledge economy. Both the curricula and the mode of delivery will need to accommodate these changes. New educational paradigms such as life-long learning, problem-based learning, and creative thinking will dictate the development of the real estate curricula. Information technology tools will change the traditional learning environment. To meet the challenges of these changes, both academic institutions as well as professional bodies need to re-examine the type of real estate graduate that will fit the future work place and the education that will give the desired outcome.


Reform and opening-up is a great events in Chinese history. As an important turning point, women's clothing has undergone obvious changes. In the 70 s and 80 s in China, based on the women's clothing as the research object, this paper studies the female clothing style of specific changes, the social reasons behind the change, and the resulting changes in the image of women. With the change of women's clothing as the mainline, the social features of this transforming period have been systematically researched, and the spontaneously changes in women's status have also been explored and discussed in this paper. The conclusion is that after the reform and opening up, the political-dominated clothing style evolved into a personal-dominated clothing style, and the female images have become diversified, international, and personalized.


Head of Chechnya Ramzan Kadyrov's Instagram has been the focus of popular interest and news since it was launched in 2013. This article strives to show that Kadyrov's communication through Instagram reproduces and imposes a new, authorized discursive hegemony that positions Chechen national identity within a broader pro-Russian ideological framework legitimating Kadyrov's power in his Chechen nation-building project. The findings reveal the deployment of three main themes: Islam, sport, and government Public Relations (PR), which serve as discursive vehicles to encourage national cohesion. Situated within a discourse analysis analytical framework, the findings contribute to understandings of social media as a communicative platform in a post-Soviet authoritarian context for normalizing new ideologies.


Advancements in wireless technology motivated the monitoring of environment at a lesser cost compared to methods of environmental control that were previously used. This paper derives from an in-depth study of a WSN (Wireless Sensor Networks) system that was designed to control climatic parameters of a greenhouse using fuzzy logic inference. The proposed WSN system consists of three stations which are the sensor Station, coordinator station, and central station. To better control the climate condition in the greenhouse, the fuzzy logic inference was utilized with wireless networks and appropriate sensors. The experiments were carried out with the purpose of determining the functionality and reliability of the designed wireless sensor network using ZigBee wireless technology. This paper summarizes the study in which the design of a system was done using wireless XBee radio modules as a solution to control climatic parameters of temperature, humidity, carbon monoxide, soil moisture and illumination by the use of fuzzy logic control theory.


Grasping using an aerial robot can have many applications ranging from infrastructure inspection and maintenance to precise agriculture. However, aerial grasping is a challenging problem since the robot has to maintain an accurate position and orientation relative to the grasping object, while negotiating various forms of uncertainties (e.g., contact force from the object). To address such challenges, in this paper, we integrate a novel passive gripper design and advanced adaptive control methods to enable robust aerial grasping. The gripper is enabled by a pre-stressed band with two stable states (a flat shape and a curled shape). In this case, it can automatically initiate the grasping process upon contact with an object. The gripper also features a cable-driven system by a single DC motor to open the gripper without using cumbersome pneumatics. Since the gripper is passively triggered and initially has a straight shape, it can function without precisely aligning the gripper with the object (within an $80$ mm tolerance). Our adaptive control scheme eliminates the need for any a priori knowledge (nominal or upper bounds) of uncertainties. The closed-loop stability of the system is analyzed via Lyapunov-based method. Combining the gripper and the adaptive control, we conduct comparative real-time experimental results to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed integrated system for grasping. Our integrated approach can pave the way to enhance aerial grasping for different applications.


Purpose: Several scientific researches are underway to investigate the possibility of using various green energies. Hydrogen gas is a candidate of such research, since its use as a fuel in automobiles releases pure water, a recyclable biproduct. But, the leakages of the gas are detrimental to its application due to its low auto ignition energy of 20 μj, wider air flame limit of 4-75 % and high flame velocity of 3.46 ms-1. This study involved fabrication of an optical gas sensor for sensing the leakage levels of hydrogen gas to a surrounding.
Methodology: Titanium dioxide thin films of thicknesses 47.7, 56.2, 82.3, 100.4 and 120.5 nm were deposited on both microscope and FTO glass slides using DC magnetron sputtering technique and characterized as primate and annealed at 400 and 500oC. Copper (Cu) catalytic layers of 5.6, 10.2, 17.3 and 21.0 nm were deposited using EDWARDS AUTO 306 Magnetron sputtering system on an optimized 100.4 nm TiO2 sample, annealed at 400oC. Optical properties were deduced from transmittance and absorbance spectra measured using 1800 Shimadzu spectrophotometer in the optimum range of 280-800 nm through simulation. The optical behavior of the films was generated using SCOUT software and analyzed using ORIGIN 9.1 64-bit software.
Results: The energy band gap decreased with material thickness from 4.2±0.05 eV for 47.7 nm film to 3.9±0.05 eV for 100.4 nm films. 120.5 nm films showed higher energy gap of 4.0±0.05 eV. Transmittance decreased with increase in thickness probably due to agglomeration of film particles. The energy gap of the 100.4 nm, TiO2 thin films annealed at 400oC was 3.9±0.05 eV. This is a material quality of the anatase phase. The copper surface layer increased absorption in the higher wavelength region. The energy band gaps were reduced from 3.9 to 3.8±0.05 eV with increased coverage. Self-limiting at 17.3 nm copper overlayer realized increased energy gap to 4.1±0.05 eV. A lower energy band gap range of 3.9-3.8±0.05 eV was realized when FTO substrates were used. The transmittance decreased with increased H2 gas concentration. The optical energy gap reduced from 4.1±0.05 eV in 0 ccm to 3.9±0.05 eV in 50 ccm of hydrogen gas concentration. The sensitivity increased from 0.3 % in 0ccm to 3.9 % in 50 ccm hydrogen gas concentration. An average sensitivity of 2.0 % was realized for films fabricated on FTO substrate. This is higher than 1.7 % reported earlier. The material gas sensing potential was done at room temperature. The fabricated sensor material showed higher sensitivity and lower temperature operation and is furthermore, expected to be cheaper and safer
Unique Contribution to Theory, Policy and Practices: Though, in order to realize a more portable stand-alone gas sensor, an investigation on an ideal photon type source that incorporates the material is recommended. Further, extension of this study on structure and morphology of the film is essential to understand its sensing behavior.


Apathy is a disabling neuropsychiatric symptom occurring in movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). Early identification, diagnosis, and timely treatment of apathy in movement disorders are very relevant, since apathy is related to poor disease outcome, reduced daily functioning and quality of life, and caregiver distress. This chapter discusses the phenomenology and assessment tools for screening and diagnosing apathy in PD and HD patients, including psychometric properties of several tools. Demographic, clinical, and neuropsychological correlates underlying apathy related to PD and HD are also reviewed. Furthermore, structural and metabolic brain correlates of apathy in both PD and HD are discussed: frontal-subcortical system(s) dysfunction in particular may lead to the onset of apathy. Finally, the chapter provides an overview of pharmacological treatments and their efficacy in improving apathy in PD and HD.


The use of computers to model things, both real and imaginary, and the use of those models as surrogates for investigative and experimental purposes, constitute the art and science of simulation. Since its inception in the late nineteen forties simulation has undergone some interesting evolutionary changes. Paced by the development of rapidly improving computing and allied equip ment, the technology and methodology of simulation have faced — and to varying degrees learned to cope with - changing chal lenges as the ever-widening fields of application have multiplied. Hard limits are not in sight. However, vestiges of some original problems remain while others have been solved as simulation progresses from an art toward becoming a science.


This paper presents a novel code acquisition algorithm that can overcome the reduction of correlation peak caused by the Doppler offset in high dynamic environment and thereby increasing the acquisition probability. Compared with the existing code acquisition algorithms, this algorithm can improve the acquisition probability under the same false alarm probability without increasing the algorithm complexity. This algorithm can deal with high dynamic environments with greater frequency offset, such as high-speed open space communications and airborne communications. With a number of simulation experience, the efficacy of the proposed acquisition algorithm is validated by the numerical results.


[Objective]Buyang Huanwu Tang treatment of chronic pharyngitis clinical efficacy.[Methods]Use with Buyang Huanwu Tang,water simmer in water for 10 days for treatment,taking two courses.[Results]18 patients clinic cured,10 cases were effective,and 2 cases ineffective,the total effective rate was 93.3%.[Conclusion]Buyang Huanwu Tang treatment of chronic pharyngitis results were satisfactory.


In this paper with the information of American woodworking machinery price, analyzed the reasons of the price gap and found out the key problems of how to make Chinese woodworking machinery get in the international market and develop new products in order to improve our products quality. Based on these, pointed out the new ideas of developing China woodworking machinery products.


Absorption modeling is at the core of the design process of nanostructured solar cells and photodetectors. We compare the performance of three of the most popular numerical modeling methods: the Fourier modal method (FMM), the finite element method (FEM) and the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. We find that the numerically most efficient method depends on the geometry of the system, as well as on which physical quantities are needed for further analysis. From our study, we will highlight the optimum choice of method for various current nanostructures. With these guidelines, we enable design optimization that would otherwise be impossible with a suboptimal method choice.


The objective of combined state and parameter estimation is to estimate both unmeasured states and unknown entries of the dynamics matrix. Since the dynamics involve products of states and parameters, this is a nonlinear estimation problem. The classical approach to this problem is to use the extended Kalman filter, although more recent techniques, such as the unscented Kalman filter, can be used. The goal of this paper is to determine conditions under which the combined state and parameter estimation problem is feasible. To do this, we recast this problem as an identifiability problem and, for several special cases, we develop necessary and sufficient conditions for identifiability, which provides necessary and sufficient conditions for feasibility of the combined state and parameter estimation problem.


According to the average radius of pore throat in reservoir, we usually add the temporary blocking agent with appropriate particle size in top drilling fluid, and it cooperate with filling in colloid particle, can change the drilling fluid into completion fluid. So we can protect the reservoir in drilling process. But in fact, wide distribution of average radius of pore throat which ane in reservoir make the changed drilling and completion fluid have good shield temporary blocking effect on only a few well sections, and others can not have the function to protect the reservoir. The study aimed at the point of wide distribution of radius of pore, according to the lab pollution evaluate result of rock sample , developed the GPJ - 08 broad - spectrum temporary blocking agent, and the in-house evaluation show that the drilling and completion fluid system have good protection effect on reservoir.


RATIONALE
Sarcoidosis is a racially disparate, granulomatous disease likely due to environmental exposures, genes, and their interactions. Despite increased risk in African Americans (AAs), few environmental risk factor studies in this susceptible population exist.

OBJECTIVES
To identify environmental exposures associated with risk of sarcoidosis in AAs and those that differ in effect by self-identified race and genetic ancestry.

METHODS
The study sample comprised 2,096 AAs (1,205 with and 891 without sarcoidosis), compiled from three component studies. Unsupervised clustering and multiple correspondence analyses were used to identify underlying clusters of environmental exposures. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of these exposure clusters and the 51 single component exposures with risk of sarcoidosis. A comparison case-control sample of 762 European Americans (EAs, 388 with and 374 without sarcoidosis) was used to assess heterogeneity in exposure risk by race.

MEASUREMENT AND MAIN RESULTS
Seven exposure clusters were identified, five of which were associated with risk. The exposure cluster with the strongest risk association was comprised of metals (p<0.001), and within this cluster, exposure to aluminum had the highest risk (OR 3.30; 95%CI 2.23-4.09; p<0.001). This effect also differed by race (p<0.001), with EAs having no significant association with exposure (OR=0.86; 95% CI 0.56-1.33). Within AAs, increased risk was dependent upon genetic African ancestry (p=0.047).

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings support AAs having sarcoidosis environmental exposure risk profiles that differ from EAs. These differences may underlie racially disparate incidence rates, partially explained by genetic variation differing by African ancestry.


Abstract Polyelectrolyte effects for polyamides and poly(methyl metha-crylate)(PMMA) used as calibration standards and the suppression of these effects by the addition of sodium trifluoroacetate to the mobile phase were shown and discussed. The addition of the electrolyte helped to the disaggregation of the polymer samples by breaking down hydrogen bonding. Besides the disaggregation of the polymer samples, the addition of the electrolyte caused the change of the retention volume and peak width of PMMA. Elution of PMMA having higher molecular weight than 6×104 was retarded and that having smaller one than 6×104 was hastened by the addition of the electrolyte. Peak width of PMMA became also narrower in about 20%. PMMA equivalent molecular weights of polyamides were plotted against real molelcular weights of the polyamides measured by end group analysis and next equations were obtained. log Mnylon 6 = -i. 53402 +1.352 log MPMMA eq log Mnylon 6 6 = -4.88506 + 2.143 log MpMMA eq


FexSey films were prepared on GaAs(001) substrates by a selenization of Fe films using molecular beam epitaxy equipment. Structural and magnetic properties of FexSey thin films during their selenization process were studied. The selenized films obtained consisted of polycrystalline grains of 100–700 nm. A magnetic anisotropy of in-plane/perpendicular to the films was weakened by increasing the selenization ratio of the samples, which was interesting in contrast to the fact that the grain size of the films became larger.


The polymorphism of H-FABP gene in Shanxi White pig,Mashen pig,Large White pig,Landrace and Duroc was analyzed by PCR-SSCP.The results indicated that one polymorphic site was discovered in the first intron of porcine H-FABP gene.It had two alleles,designated A and B.Frequency of BB genotype was the highest,and frequency of B allele was obviously higher than frequency of A allele in mashen pig.Frequency of AA genotype was the highest in other breeds.Sequence analysis revealed that this site was generated because of C→T transition.


ABSTRACT A growing literature explores the causes and consequences of dramatic political protests in autocracies. Yet, we know comparatively little about other forms of protests in these regimes. The Lankina Russian Protest-Event Dataset (LAruPED) facilitates the investigation of protest in Russia, a classic example of an electoral authoritarian regime. The data, which are human-coded, identify, in wave one, protests across Russia from March 2007 until 2016. Unlike other datasets, which focus on political protests, LAruPED covers a wide range of social and economic protests and imposes no limitations on the minimum number of protesters involved in events as a prerequisite for inclusion in the dataset. We introduce LAruPED and discuss how it differs from other data. We also present examples from work that leverages the dataset to show how the data could be used to explore questions of authoritarian politics, highlighting variation in the type of suppressed protests in electoral autocracies.


This course book is a result of a project implementation. Regional development and world's changes - process of globalisation ; process of differentination and integration ; process of transition. Regions as a optimal community in the sense of multi-level goverment. An autopoietic aproach, because very important is decentralization as devolution. Regional policy of the EU and the principles as subsidiarity, proportionality, accountability etc. also budgetary and institutional background od EU policy. Good governance is based on top management as international development management. It is necessary to find the way of scientific research, wspecially through cross- border university cooperation for international development. Crucial changes affecting good governance are: process of globalisation, processes of diferentination and integration, process of transition. Relevant theories are systematic theory, self-organizational theory and theory of autopoiesis. Exactly thanks to these theoriies we may recognize what is allopoietical and what is autopoiethical in the communal engineering.In the social developmen the most important is moral capital, then inelectuall and social capital, end physical and financial capital. Very important are the regions as a optimal multilevel of governments, with syneries between the local interest and state interest. It includes the natural development "bottom up", and at the same tie state development charactersitisied as "top down".


The large main belt asteroids (MBA) have been formed during an accretion process where their original physical properties (e.g. spin rate) depended on the medium they formed from and the details of the growth mechanism. In this context the spin vector (SV) of an asteroid is an important property closely linked to the general evolution of the MBA. New photometric observations have been acquired that yielded models of the SV for 46 asteroids. Together with previously published models the new data set consists of SV parameters for 73 MBA and is close of being complete for the largest objects (D>200 km). The spin vector distribution (SVD) has following basic properties: 1) There exists a significant dominance of asteroids with a prograde sense of rotation and with their spin vectors concentrated towards the north ecliptic pole. 2) A comparison of the SVD between asteroids with different diameters reveals three specific zones: The large asteroids (D>200 km) for which the spin-vectors are moderately anisotropic. An intermediate size range (D~70-150 km) including objects with the strongest SV concentration toward the north ecliptic pole and the smaller asteroids with a completely isotropic distribution. 3) There exists a strong correlation between the SVD are present between asteroids of different taxonomic types. These results are interpreted in an evolutionary scenario and put firm constraints on the accretion phase and collisional evolution of the main belt population.


A novel technique for disparity estimation based on block matching with a local adaptive window is introduced in this paper. In the proposed approach the size and shape of the reference window is calculated adaptively according to the degree of reliability of disparities estimated previously and the local variation of the disparity map. The performance of the method has been verified by computer simulations using synthetic data and several natural stereo sequences. Considerable improvements were obtained just in object borders or image areas that become occluded.