The utility model provides an automatic following luggage case and an electronic label. The luggage case includes an RFID antenna, a drive wheel, a controller, a sensor, and a motor. The RFID antenna captures a wireless signal transmitted by the electronic label carried by a user and sends the wireless signal to the controller, the sensor scans the positions of obstacles in the surrounding environment and sends a scanning result to the controller, the controller controls the direction of the drive wheel based on the wireless signal and the scanning result, and the motor drives the drive wheel to rotate. The electronic label includes a base, an RFID coil, and a power supply, the RFID coil is arranged on the base to continuously transmit wireless signals, and the power supply supplies power to the RFID. The luggage case can automatically follow the user to move without the need for the user pulling the pull bar, thereby freeing the user's hands, saving the user's physical power, and realizing the automatic moving in a true sense.


Analytical models are derived for stabilization of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability of an ablatively accelerated slab. The procedure is to conserve mass, momentum, and energy flux across a perturbed interface through which plasma flows. In various regimes, the stabilization mechanism can be described as vortex shedding, compressibility, thermal conduction, and ablation. Comparisons are made with recent fluid simulations, and simple laws relevant to laser‐driven ablative acceleration are derived.


Background Food allergy to cherry occurs throughout Europe, typically with restricted oral reactions in the central and northern parts but with frequent systemic reactions in the Mediterranean region. Previous studies have demonstrated insufficient sensitivity of commercially available cherry extract reagents in the diagnosis of cherry allergy.


With the maturity of such technologies as the Internet, advanced design and analysis software, and database management software, more and more companies are shifting to a Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) software base in which engineering activities are now located in cyberspace, as opposed to any particular geographic location. In fact, if current trends continue, U.S.-based multi-national corporations will become less and less dependent on continental U.S. engineering services, and more reliant on offshore providers. Current corporations such as the Boeing Company are already moving to "24/7" engineering cycles for new aircraft, with engineers around the globe working on the same shared parts and assemblies in their respective countries as the world turns. As large corporations like Boeing, Daimler-Chrysler and Black and Decker implement true paperless environments, with suppliers and manufacturers alike sharing information in a centralized digital model, corporations with engineers that are not educated in PLM methods will be obsolete. Because of the cost differential between engineering services in the U.S. and other cheaper alternatives in countries such as India, U.S. graduates will need to have a valueadded increment to justify their higher salary requirements. In this paper, the authors take a case study approach toward understanding the educational needs of mechanical engineers that academia supplies to various multi-national corporations, and suggest a curricular revision roadmap necessary to accommodate these changes. In particular, the vehicle to carry these curricular changes to fruition is the same set of tools that industry is currently using—PLM software. In the PLM environment, students can quickly access a variety of analysis and design tools that offer the ability to increase understanding of system physical behavior, as well as augment important problem solving abilities.


Exercise plays an important role in variables that involve concern about individuals' physical appearance. Therefore, the effect of sedentary women between the ages of 25-35 on the effects of the exercises they participated for recreational purposes on the levels of social physics anxiety was the aim of the study. 65 sedentary women participated in the study voluntarily. Pilates group (PG, n=20), Fitness group (FG, n=23) and control group (CG, n=25) were divided into three groups. PG and FG perform the exercise 3 days a week for 3 months. The control group did not perform any exercise. Statistics were performed by using SPSS package program. Conformity of data to a normal distribution was evaluated by Shapiro-Wilk test. Normally distributed data were expressed as mean and as standard deviation. Paired-t-test was used for the pre-test and used the post-test comparison of the data, while Repeated Measures ANOVA was used for intergroup comparisons, and Unpaired t-test was used to determine to originate on which group was the difference. Accordingly, after 3 months of an exercise, there was a significant difference between body weight, body mass index and pre-end values of social physique anxiety (SPA) in PG and FG (p <0.05).   Pair-wise comparisons, this resultant difference was between exercise groups and the control group (p <0.05). As a result, it is possible to mention the positive effects of recreational exercises in social physics anxiety.


A brief initial interview with a regressed paranoid schizophrenic woman has been reported. Its contents have been examined with emphasis upon some of the ways in which the patient communicated. Attention has been directed to the demands made upon the therapist-interviewer by the patient's total behaviour. These in the main have been demands for a rigid objectivity and the making of necessary and continuing self-examinations by the interviewer. The self-examinations led to successful empathic contact which has been detailed and explained, as has some of the psychopathology uncovered in the interchanges.


This paper presents a Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) to investigate the energy attenuation factors in asymmetric periodic structures. The experimental results are compared with the predicted results obtained by the SEA method. It is found that the attenuations of the base plate and rib plates were hyperbolic in shape. Analytical formulae for the energy at the respective sub-system are also derived in terms of the internal and coupling loss factors so as to determine these attenuation factors analytically. By identifying the contributing internal and coupling loss factors from the attenuation factors, appropriate treatments can now be implemented into the appropriate sub-system.


An automatic gain control (AGC) system (127) and corresponding method (FIG. 3, 4) is configured to increase signal to noise in a receiver (P/O FIG. 1). The AGC system includes: a signal level detector (125) for determining a signal level for a desired signal (301); a wideband signal detector (129) for determining a wideband signal level of a wideband signal, the wideband signal being indicative of an interfering signal being present (307, 309); and a controller (131) coupled to both detectors and configured to provide one or more AGC signals (at 107 or 116) to the receiver to establish a gain setting for the receiver, wherein an initial AGC setting for the receiver is based on the signal level, and AGC adjustments, based e.g., on one or more of the signal level and the wideband signal level, are provided such that an adjusted AGC setting for the receiver increases the signal to noise.


As the lever by which Government regulates social public affairs,policy must function through its implementation,and policy identity poses as the basic precondition for the effective policy implementation and in a sense policy identity depends on the legitimacy of the government as policy-maker and policy-imple- mentor.Thus,in order to improve policy implementation,the legitimacy of the government should be strengthened and thus the policy identity sense of the public as target groups should be promoted by enhan- cing administrative performance and public relation of the government.


Abstract As bilayer lipid membrane vesicles secreted by neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs), NSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (NSC‐EVs) have attracted growing attention for their promising potential to serve as novel therapeutic agents in treatment of neurological diseases due to their unique physicochemical characteristics and biological functions. NSC‐EVs exhibit advantages such as stable physical and chemical properties, low immunogenicity, and high penetration capacity to cross blood–brain barrier to avoid predicaments of the clinical applications of NSCs that include autoimmune responses, ethical/religious concerns, and the problematic logistics of acquiring fetal tissues. More importantly, NSC‐EVs inherit excellent neuroprotective and neuroregenerative potential and immunomodulatory capabilities from parent cells, and display outstanding therapeutic effects on mitigating behavioral alterations and pathological phenotypes of patients or animals with neurological diseases. In this review, we first comprehensively summarize the progress in functional research and application of NSC‐EVs in different neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, acute neurological diseases, dementia/cognitive dysfunction, and peripheral diseases. Next, we provide our thoughts on current limitations/concerns as well as tremendous potential of NSC‐EVs in clinical applications. Last, we discuss future directions of further investigations on NSC‐EVs and their probable applications in both basic and clinical research.


The performance of small aerial vehicles is dependent of the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil employed in its wings. Not only the chosen airfoil should perform well for low Reynolds numbers but the manufacturing concepts should be carefully selected and executed to obtain a good surface quality. This work aims to investigate the impact of five different structural concepts and the relative manufacturing techniques, typically used in UAV wings, on the aerodynamic response. Five structural concepts were selected for this study, those are: foam; foam covered with fiberglass; fiberglass skin with balsa core; balsa; foam covered with fiberglass box. Three similar rectangular shaped wing panels of 350 mm chord and 200 mm span were built per concept using the same airfoil shape. All manufactured wing panels were subdued to a laser scanning process to obtain the respective 3D models, then seven equally spaced wing profiles were extracted from each model. Each profile geometry were converted to text files compatible with XFLR5 software. All geometries and aerodynamic responses were compared with the original airfoil's data.


In the prediction of karst-fractured groundwater,thorough and systemic research is deficient,and there are problems that the accuracy and precision is low.Research on the new technique can not catch up with the engineering demand.For solving this problem,the advantages of the common methods were integrated,and a new integrative method feasible to karst-fractured groundwater prediction was established.First,the advanced geological forecasting methods used in tunnel construction were summarized.Then,based on the scientific process,the integrative advanced geological forecasting method for karst-fractured groundwater was established by comprehensive analysis on the advantages of all the prediction techniques.Finally,the water gush disaster was successfully forecast and earlywarning in the project example.With high systematicness and efficiency,the use of this integrative geological forecasting method makes the accuracy and precision of the prediction highly improved and gushing water disaster risk rationally evaluated,which is worthy to be generalized.


When my parents bought our first color television in the early 1970s, they measured off 6 ft from the screen and insisted that we not watch from any closer distance. They feared blinding radiation emanating from the color cathode tube (indeed, in 1967 General Electric did recall 90,000 televisions that produced X-rays at thousands of times the recommended exposure level, but other than with this model, there was no demonstrable risk). Fast forward 40 y, and I see my teenage child spending most free moments in the evenings staring at her computer screen, phone, or tablet at close range. Is there risk in this? In PNAS, Chang et al. (1) provide compelling data that there may indeed be unappreciated effects and perhaps dangers of evening exposure to electronic screens, specifically demonstrating a negative effect on sleep in young adults following evenings spent reading from a tablet-based eReader. Photons of visible light are ligands for multiple receptors with powerful effects on physiology. Rhodopsin is a canonical G protein-coupled receptor with amplification mechanisms in mammalian rods that allow for cell-level detection of single photons (2). The three cone opsin photopigments, with their remarkable spectral tuning of responses to different photon wavelengths, produce our rich perceptions of color (3). One of the most interesting developments in vision science in the last 20 y has been the discovery of a small population of several thousand intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in the inner retina that use another opsin family member, melanopsin, for photoreception (4). These cells provide information on light intensity, via a dedicated retinohypothalamic tract, to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCNs) of the hypothalamus. The SCNs, in turn, are the brain loci responsible for coordinating the body's circadian pacemakers, including those controlling the rest-activity rhythm. Mice in which ipRGCs have been genetically deleted can no longer synchronize their clocks to the outside world, and thus free run under light–dark conditions (5, 6). The circadian clock is the major determinant of the timing of sleep and wakefulness. The circadian clocks of most animals have a natural period, in the absence of light–dark cycles, of nearly, but not exactly, 24 h. The human circadian clock, for instance, has a free-running period of ∼24.2 h (7). Circadian clocks thus require daily synchronization or entrainment to the exactly 24-h solar light–dark cycle to remain useful. Entrainment is accomplished by small phase delays and advances mediated by light at dusk and dawn, respectively. By exposing free-running animals to short light pulses at different times in the circadian day, circadian researchers over the last 50 y have elucidated a circadian phase response curve that is common among nearly all organisms (Fig. 1) (8). The circadian clock is insensitive to light pulses occurring during its subjective day, undergoes phase delays to light in the early subjective evening, and phase advances in the late subjective evening. Work in mice has demonstrated that ipRGCs mediate all circadian information reaching the clock and that melanopsin (which has a peak light sensitivity of ∼480 nm) is sufficient for mediating the phase shifting effect of light pulses (9, 10). The circadian clock has evolved in a world of fixed spectrum (i.e., the spectrum of outdoor light) and fixed solar timing. In natural conditions, animals are never exposed to bright or continuous light during the night. In the last century, widespread use of electric artificial lighting has, for the first time, created a situation in which humans are routinely exposed to bright light at times in the subjective night, when the clock is susceptible to phase shifts. However, the historical use of tungsten light during much of this time probably protected us from sleep disruption, as the circadian system is relatively insensitive to the yellow-red light of tungsten filaments (11, 12). Enter the tablet. The backlights of laptop and computer screens are based on lightemitting diodes (LEDs) rich in blue light (as measured in Chang et al., with a peak of 452 nm), which are near the maximal absorption of melanopsin (at 480 nm). The brightness of these devices at their used distances from the eye also falls well within the melanopsin


This poem was composed in 1947 if my memory serves (and one small criticism of this collection is the lack of dates of composition or first publication, or both). Things have not changed that much—Koreans, wherever in the world, are still trying to learn the tears to free themselves from the thralls of colonialism and war. Their lives are summed up by Yi Yook-Sa who died before the pain of liberation: "My life is a broken bark— / Its pieces are scattered over dreary fishing villages, / And only the dust of living remains like wornout sails." Poetry confounds, comforts, and protects. This is Korean poetry of a high caliber in sensitive English translations. There are honest tears here with no self-pity; a necessary book for anyone who would understand.


Recently,EDS and electron microscopic cytochemistry of enzyme have been applied in many fields and provided a credible measure for ultrastructure research.The theory of EDS was briefly introduced,and its application to the study of electron microscopic cytochemistry of enzyme and the experiment method were discussed.


Modernization of the restaurants using electronics and communication is needed by imparting the smart technology. The technology is to be adopted for restaurants to keep the premises clean and green. Human interpretation is to be reduced to impart the technology. Smart waste collecting system enabled to develop a methodology to collect the waste material into the dustbin provided at the guided robot. An RFID (Radio-frequency identification) communication is adopted to communicate the table occupier with the mobile robot. An RFID tag is provided to each table and an RFID reader is equipped with guided robot. The command signal outputted by the table occupier will be transmitted to the central control room using RF transmitter. RF receiver at the control room will receive the signal and fed as input to the microcontroller ARM7. The microcontroller will output the necessary commands to the robot to collect the waste material from the particular table. To drive the robot to the required table, a path finding mechanism has been adopted using optimum path algorithm. An IR sensor assembly is equipped with the robot to follow the specified optimum path. The status of the task is communicated to the control room by imparting IEEE 802.15.4 communication device. The experimental results encouraged to implement the developed mechanism for real time applications.


Fluoroacetic acid had been reported to be a strong schistosomicide in inhibiting the aconitase of Schistosoma japonicum. This article reports the preliminary results of studies on the antischistosomal mechanism of fluoroacetamide.Six to eight hours after an oral dose of fluoroacetamide 400μg/d the accumulation of citric acid in the worms became evident. In the meantime, the worms began to shift to the host liver. The maximum level of accumulated citric acid observed in the treated worms was about six times higher than that in the control worms when the drug was given successively for three days.Determination of the contents of glycogen, protein, lipid and nucleic acid of the worms during drug treatment showed that several changes occurred in different ways and obviously lasted long after the cessation of treatment. When the drug-treated worms were incubated in vitro in glucose containing saline, the ratio of the production of lactate to utilization of glucose (L/G) of the worms decreased.The existence and the role of the tricarboxylic aeid cycle in Schistosome japoni cum were discussed.


Infrared spectra between 2.3 and 196 mum were taken towards a sample of 45 compact H II regions using the two spectrometers (SWS and LWS) on board ISO. The primary goal is to determine the distribution of element abundances in the Galaxy, although there are also many other uses of this database. The spectra contain a wealth of information on the ionized gas and the associated photodissociation regions through the atomic fine-structure lines and on the dust properties via the dust emission bands and the continuum. Significant variations are found from source to source in both spectral shape and content. The sample of H II regions spans a wide range in galactocentric distance (from 0 to 22 kpc) enabling to investigate the variations of the nebular properties across the Galactic plane. The observations and the data reduction are described in detail in the present paper. The ISO spectral catalogue of compact H II regions contains the combined SWS-LWS spectra for each of the sources, the fluxes of the atomic fine-structure lines and hydrogen recombination lines, and an inventory of the spectra in terms of molecular lines, dust and ice bands.


We propose to explore the tradition of Latin American testimony by marking two models. First, we review the testimony of a revolutionary matrix, institutionalized in 1970 by Casa de las Americas under the revolutionary paradigm and within which we analyze three different types –the ethnographic, guerrilla and journalistic testimony. Second, we address the reinstitutionalization of testimony under the human rights narrative towards the 1980s, focusing on the Argentine case. We are interested in investigating the statutes of each model as well as its links with the literary field.


Objective: Uterine power morcellation has been under scrutiny following statements by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) concerning dissemination of a possible occult malignancy. The impact of these warnings on women with pelvic organ prolapse and low suspicion for malignancy are not well documented in the medical literature. This study aims to compare the perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing Robotic-Assisted Sacrocolpopexies with Supracervical Hysterectomies (R-ASCP+SCH) by mechanical vs. manual morcellation. Methods: Cases of R-ASCP+SCH with contained manual morcellation were compared to controls using mechanical power morcellation. The primary outcome is operative time (minutes) from robotic patient cart undocking to the end of the surgical case and total narcotic medication requirements as measured by Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MME). Secondary outcomes assessed included estimated blood loss (cc), recovery time in the PACU (minutes), length of stay (days), incidence of malignancy on surgical pathology report, and percentage of patients who return for evaluation of post-operative complications. Results: A total of 162 women were identified. Cases of manual morcellation (n=31) were compared to mechanical morcellation controls (n=131). A total of 5 cases of malignancy were identified. A cases required approximately 9 additional minutes of operative time (49.5 min vs. 40.3 min, p<0.05). Cases additionally required more narcotic medications during recovery compared to controls (24.9 MME vs. 15.3 MME, p<0.05). The estimated blood loss, length of stay, and percentage of patients with post-operative wound complications were not statistically different. Conclusion: Uterine malignancy may be found in asymptomatic postmenopausal women presenting for pelvic organ prolapse repair. Manual morcellation during pelvic organ prolapse repair is a safe and effective approach without increased operative morbidity or complications. Michael Shu1*, Kenneth Fan1,2 and Abeer Eddib1,2,3 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University at Buffalo, USA 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Millard Fillmore Suburban Hospital, USA 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Western New York Urology Associates, USA Michael Shu, et al., Journal of Gynecological Oncology Remedy Publications LLC. 2019 | Volume 2 | Issue 3 | Article 1017 2 forthcoming. Further analysis is necessary to detail the benefits of minimally invasive surgery while minimizing the risks of potential malignancy dissemination. This study aims to compare perioperative outcomes of mechanical vs. contained-manual morcellation amongst patients treated for pelvic organ prolapse with Robotic-Assisted Sacrocolpopexy (R-ASCP) and Supracervical Hysterectomy (SCH). Materials and Methods After obtaining approval from the University at Buffalo (Buffalo, New York, USA) Institutional Review Board, a retrospective cohort study was performed between January 2013 and January 2017 by identifying all women with pelvic organ prolapse who had undergone surgical repair via an R-ASCP with concomitant SCH at Millard Fillmore Suburban Hospital (Williamsville, New York, USA). This was done by identifying those women with the appropriate diagnosis code (ICD-10 N81.9 for female genital prolapse, unspecified) and respective surgical procedural codes (CPT57425 for laparoscopic colpopexy, CPT58542 for supracervical hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy). Patients were separated as cases of contained manual morcellation vs. controls of open mechanical morcellation via Gynecare Morcellex Sigma® tissue morcellator device as registered-trademark by Johnson and Johnson for extraction of uterine tissue. All identified patients were later further stratified based on the presence of additional concomitant surgical procedures, with codes including a) placement of a Transobturator Tape (TOT) midurethral sling (CPT57288) and b) perineorrhaphy (CPT57250). Patients who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy were excluded from the study, and all other patients with unaccompanied or concomitant procedures not listed as aforementioned above were likewise excluded. Patient data was extracted individually, with every fifth entry reviewed by a separate physician to ensure accuracy of data extraction and entry within the database spreadsheet. Primary outcomes included operative time (minutes) from robotic patient cart undocking to incisional closure as surrogate marker of specimen removal time, and narcotic medication utilization as measured by Morphine Milligram Equivalents (MME) both in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and during the entire hospital stay until discharge. Secondary outcomes assessed included total operative time (minutes), total robotic operative time (minutes), estimated blood loss (cc), recovery time in the PACU (minutes), length of stay (days), and percentage of patients who return to the hospital or outpatient office for surgical wound complications. Uterine weight (grams) and incidence of malignancy as diagnosed by surgical pathology report were also recorded, as were patient demographics including age (years), body mass index (kg/m2), gravidity, parity, and history of abdominal surgery. The Shapiro-Wilk test was initially performed on all continuous variables, with a univariate approach employed to compare variables across cases and controls. For categorical variables the Chi-Square Test of Independence was used and for continuous non-normal variables both the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests were applied redundantly. Correlation coefficients were determined between exposures and the significant outcome variables to establish monotonicity of relationships between variables, and the Kendall tau coefficient was used to determine perfect positive, perfect negative, or no correlation between variables. Regression models were implemented and two multiple regression models were developed for cases and controls, both incorporating the relevant exposures simultaneously. Operative techniques Robotic-assisted sacrocolpopexy (R-ASCP): At our institution, we have a standard approach to the robotic-assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy. The procedure for the purpose of this study takes place following entrance into the abdomen with removal of the uterus via supracervical hysterectomy using a robotic surgical system. Potential spaces of the pelvis are systematically opened by blunt dissection with traction countertraction and short bursts of electrocautery. These include: the vesicovaginal space caudad to the level of the urethrovesical junction, the rectovaginal space caudad to the dorsal perineal membrane, and the presacral space for exposure of the anterior longitudinal ligament at the level of the sacrum at S1 and S2 vertebral bodies. Thereafter, a Y-shaped wide pore (>75 μm) polypropylene mesh is secured to the anterior and posterior vaginal walls, with the long arm of the mesh secured to the anterior longitudinal ligament of the sacrum at the exposed S1 and S2 vertebral bodies. The peritoneum is then closed over the mesh with running absorbable suture to minimize bowel adhesions in the pelvis. The robot is undocked and attention is then turned to specimen extraction. Mechanical morcellation: Mechanical morcellation was accomplished using the Gynecare Morcellex Sigma® tissue morcellator device as registered-trademark by Johnson and Johnson. A trocar port site is extended to approximately 15 millimeters in total length to allow insertion of the morcellator. Under direct visualization, the tenaculum is passed through the morcellator to retrieve and retract the specimen within the opening of the morcellator. The morcellator is subsequently activated and rotary blades cut long continuous pieces of the specimen which are extracted through the morcellator lumen. Tissue is extracted piecemeal until the whole specimen is removed. Prior to the FDA recommendations of 20141, mechanical morcellation was performed intraperitoneally without containment system technology to prevent tissue dissemination as this was previously unavailable at the time. In the typical postmenopausal female preventing for pelvic organ prolapse repair, small uteri <250 grams required an average of ten minutes in order to mechanically morcellate the uterus and adnexa. Following, the extended trocar port site is closed with the use of a fascia closure assistance device and the skin closed with overlying sutures. Manual morcellation: At the time of specimen extraction, a containment bag is introduced through a previous robotic trocar port site preferably at the umbilicus. The specimen in whole is placed within the containment bag and the edges are lifted and exteriorized with the specimen completely contained. A minilaparotomy is then created by extending the midline umbilical port site to a size of approximately 2.5 cm to 3.0 cm. Careful attentions is given to not pierce the containment bag. With use of cold-knife scalpel, "paperroll" coring technique is done to remove the specimen [5]. The bag is checked for integrity and the fascia is then closed with a direct closure using running absorbable suture, followed by the skin.


Abstract: Although the ideological and political education in universities has paid off in recent years,some students still detest the course of ideological and political education and have the rebellious psychology to the ideological and political education given by their instructors,class adviser and other teachers of ideological and political education.Therefore,effective countermeasures must be taken to avoid college students' rebellious psychology in order to ensure the direction,initiative and substantial results of the course.


The last decade has witnessed a significant growth of open access (OA) publications. OA is believed to be able to greatly accelerate the production and dissemination of knowledge. Backed by dominant research funders across the world, it has fundamentally changed the landscape of scholarly publishing. Web of Science started to provide identifiers for articles from OA journals in 2014, offering an opportunity to explore the development of publications generated from the OA publishing model. This study uses the Web of Science-Science Citation Index Expanded (WoS-SCIE) to illustrate the trajectories of OA publications in science. We found that the number and proportion of OA publications rose dramatically during 2006-2014. English, Portuguese and Spanish have been the dominating languages in OA journals. Geographically, while the USA has been the largest producer of OA publications, the share of OA publications within the USA has been much lower than the world average. Emerging countries such as Brazil, India and China have been very active in promoting OA publishing. We believe our observation is just a tip of the iceberg of the booming of OA publications, which implies a necessity for all stakeholders to refine their strategies to cope with this trend.


Low temperature and humidity were used for the storage of pollen of four species of Fragaria (2n = 14, 42 and 56) and two species of Potentilla (2n = 14). The stainability of Fragaria pollen was assessed over a number of years by use of aceto-carmine stain and its viability by cross-pollinations; stainability of Potentilla pollen was assessed by acetocarmine. Fragaria pollen so stored remained stainable for seven years and showed the ability to set seed for three years. Over the latter period, aceto-carmine staining gave a reasonable prediction of seed set produced by the stored pollen of Fragaria and so is of value in estimating pollen viability in that genus. Potentilla pollen remained stainable for three years.


In discussing motors, one college textbook says, "As the coil (of a motor) rotates in a magnetic field, a back emf is generated that tends to counter the emf that supplies the current." This is a true statement, but it does little to enhance student understanding of how and why it is created. In this paper, I will explain how to take students step by step through the creation of what the experts call "back emf" and then describe a simple experiment that clearly demonstrates its existence.


This letter proposes a new security cooperative protocol, for dual phase amplify-and-forward large wireless sensor networks. In such a network, a portion of the ${K}$ relays can be potential eavesdroppers. The source agrees to share with the destination a given channel state information (CSI) of a source-trusted relay-destination link to encode the message. Then, in the first hop, the source will use this CSI to map the right message to a certain sector while transmitting fake messages to the other sectors using sectoral transmission. In the second hop, the relays retransmit their received signals to the destination, using the distributed beamforming technique. We derived the secrecy outage probability and demonstrated that the probability of receiving the right encoded information by an untrustworthy relay is inversely proportional to the number of sectors. We also showed that the aggressive behavior of the cooperating untrusted relays is not effective compared to the case where each untrusted relay is trying to intercept the transmitted message individually.


Introduction
 : Large symptomatic ICA aneurysms are rare, but present a life threatening risk of rupture that increases with size, female sex, and age >50 at the time of diagnosis, among other risk factors. Historically, large carotid aneurysms have been treated with intentional carotid sacrifice, requiring recruitment of contralateral, posterior, and ECA‐supplied collaterals to provide flow to the anterior circulation previously supplied by the sacrificed ICA, lest the patient experience an iatrogenic stroke. While still a viable option in some cases, flow diverting stents provide an attractive alternative to vessel sacrifice. By providing a channel for blood to bypass the aneurysm, the stent can effectively exclude the aneurism from active circulation while preserving a path for blood to travel to the anterior cerebral circulation it currently provides.

 Methods
 : Here, we present a case of a 1.3 cm symptomatic left cavernous ICA aneurysm treated with such a flow diverting stent.

 Results
 : The patient presented to the emergency department with left sided ptosis. CTA head and neck revealed the 1.3 cm left sided cavernous ICA aneurysm. She was treated endovascularly under general anesthesia with continuous intra‐operative monitoring. The procedure was complicated by iatrogenic flow reversal through the Circle of Willis at the time of stent deployment and resultant in situ thrombosis of the stent without alteration in electrical signals recorded at the scalp – thus creating a de facto carotid sacrifice without intra‐operative complication. Follow up doppler study revealed a loss of flow through the left ICA and reversal of flow through the ophthalmic artery on the left side, thus confirming ECA collateral supply to the area. Post‐op course was complicated by extensive bleeding from the scalp electrode sites used for intraoperative monitoring due to hyper‐response to aspirin‐ticagrelor dual‐antiplatelet therapy. This gave rise to a symptomatic anemia that manifested as pressure‐dependent left‐sided circulatory failure on exam – specifically hemiparesis and aphasia. The symptoms ultimately resolved with pressure augmentation, blood transfusion, and supportive care in the Neuro ICU. The patient was successfully transitioned to a general neurology floor with subsequent resolution of the anemia and, correspondingly, the symptoms.

 Conclusions
 : The patient was discharged to rehab and at 4‐month follow‐up is again living independently with no residual deficits. This case has significance for pre‐operative anti‐platelet optimization for flow diverting stents, management of post‐operative complications of flow‐diverting stent placement including thrombosis and bleeding, and optimal critical care support for patients with pressure‐dependent ischemia. Specifically, the course of the patient's symptoms and anemia raise the question of optimal hemoglobin targets in the subset of patients with pressure‐dependent ischemia, and how to best reach those targets.


A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was comprised 2x3 factorial arrangements of two breeds (DYL and local breed) and three different lysine levels. The 12 weeks old, nine castrated DYL and nine castrated local breed were randomly allocated in each individual pen to six treatment groups with three replicates into 18 pens. Two breeds of pigs (DYL and local breed) were exposed to the three different dietary treatments, L1- basal diet without lysine supplementation, L2- basal diet with 1.15% total lysine for grower and L3- basal diet with 1.65% total lysine for grower. The growth performance and feed intake were determined for growing pigs. In this study, no significant difference (p>0.05) was found in feed intake among the three different treatments. However, significantly better body weight, weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in pigs fed L2 and L3 but were not significantly (p>0.05) differ from each other. Otherwise, diets without lysine supplementation (L1) showed no better effect on the growth performances of both DYL and local breeds. It could be noted that L2 was the best level to obtain optimal growth performances and farm efficiency. Between the two breeds, body weight of DYL was superior over that of local breed. The interactions were observed between lysine levels and different breeds regard for body weight and cumulative weight gain. To wrap up, it was noticeable that crystalline lysine supplementation helped to improve growth performance in both breeds.


The kinetics of the silver(I)-catalyzed decomposition of the peroxodisulphate ion have been investigated in aqueous solution. Molecular oxygen is produced due to the decomposition of the peroxodisulphate ion in the presence of silver(I) ion. The rate of this decomposition and of the formation of oxygen is first order with respect to the concentrations of peroxodisulphate and silver(I) ions, and the rate of reaction obeys the expression –d[S2O82–]/dt= 2 d[O2]/dt=k[Ag+][S2O82–], where k= 9.37 × 10–3, 8.96 × 10–3, 7.59 × 10–3, 6.91 × 10–3, and 6.92 × 10–3 dm3 mol–1 s–1 at /= 0.03, 0.04, 0.06; 0.09, and 0.10 mol dm–3 at 25°C, respectively; k= 1.83 × 107 exp [–54 200 J mol–1/RT] dm3 mol–1 s–1 at five temperatures between 21 and 40 °C and at l= 0.10 mol dm–3. The silver(I)-ion concentration remains constant throughout the reaction, which is composed of a silver(I)-catalyzed chain reaction. The rate of the silver(I)-catalyzed decomposition of peroxodisulphate is not influenced by the addittion of cerium(III) ion, but greatly accelerated by acrylamide and/or copper(II) ion, and retarded by acrylonitrile. The formation of oxygen due to the reaction is completely retarded by the addition of cerium(III) ion. On the other hand, absorption of oxygen occurs in the case of the addition of acrylamide and acrylonitrile. Mechanisms are proposed to account for the results obtained.


This paper presents a 3D diffusion model that automatically generates 3D digital avatars represented as neural radiance fields (NeRFs). A significant challenge for 3D diffusion is that the memory and processing costs are prohibitive for producing high-quality results with rich details. To tackle this problem, we propose the roll-out diffusion network (RODIN), which takes a 3D NeRF model represented as multiple 2D feature maps and rolls out them onto a single 2D feature plane within which we perform 3D-aware diffusion. The RODIN model brings much-needed computational efficiency while preserving the integrity of 3D diffusion by using 3D-aware convolution that attends to projected features in the 2D plane according to their original relationships in 3D. We also use latent conditioning to orchestrate the feature generation with global coherence, leading to high-fidelity avatars and enabling semantic editing based on text prompts. Finally, we use hierarchical synthesis to further enhance details. The 3D avatars generated by our model compare favorably with those produced by existing techniques. We can generate highly detailed avatars with realistic hairstyles and facial hair. We also demonstrate 3D avatar generation from image or text, as well as text-guided editability.


Earthquakes have progressively destroyed the Chilean built heritage over the years, not only due to the initial devastation they produce, but also as a result of the applied reconstruction approaches that follow. The design of reconstruction projects has usually aimed to re-establish the previous built form of historic buildings; generating new 'heritage' constructions that try to imitate only the appearance of previous ones rather than understanding that heritage, in the case studied, includes a sustainable mode of construction. This issue occurs in places where previous records are sometimes non-existent, which poses the question of authenticity. Considering the regularity of earthquakes in Chile, the role of accurate recording technologies, such as 3D laser scanning, becomes relevant. Their implications for new and existing architectures in the re-construction process include being a virtual database for demolition, retrofitting, intervention or replica. This paper examines the survey of the church of San Lorenzo de Tarapaca obtained in January 2013, and discusses how this, in conjunction with previous records, might impact on what is considered heritage and the design of future reconstructions.


Excerpt] More directly to the point of this paper, differences in the relative importance of recruitment versus selection are hypothesized to influence the conduct, and outcomes, of the employment interview. This can occur in several ways. For example, interviewers can change either their nonverbal (e.g., body language) or verbal behaviors (e.g., time spent talking), as well as the content of what is discussed (e.g., applicant qualifications versus vacancy characteristics).


An analysis is made of the transmission of a Gaussian beam by an amplifier with a spatially inhomogeneous active medium. The results are used in estimating the precision of gain measurements by means of a probe beam. It is shown that even a slight inhomogeneity may distort the measured frequency dependences and spatial distributions of the gain.


This paper theoretically and empirically shows that, when investors are uncertain about how precise is the signal they receive, their beliefs may further diverge after they receive the same piece of information. We test this prediction using trading volume around quarterly earnings announcements of public U.S. firms. Under signal-precision uncertainty, trading volume increases for intermediate levels of earnings surprise and dampens for extreme levels. Dampening is more pronounced when signal-precision uncertainty is high. We propose a novel measure of earnings-announcement-precision uncertainty and show that, first, S-shaped earnings response coefficient and, second, trading volume's dampening for extreme signals are more pronounced for high levels of earnings-announcement-precision uncertainty. Our findings might lead researchers to reconsider their widespread usage of trading volume as a simple proxy for market liquidity.


A brief review is given of precision electroweak physics, and its implications for establishing the standard model and constraining the possibilities for new physics at the TeV scale and beyond.


In a recent research article, we evaluated the clinical and economic benefits of 13-valent infant pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV13) compared to PCV10 in Malaysia and Hong Kong by using an age-stratified Markov cohort model with country-specific inputs. Our study showed that PCV13 remained a better choice over PCV10 in multiple sensitivity, scenario, and probabilistic analyses. A critique of our work by Varghese et al. appeared in Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. In this Reply, we have endeavored to respond to each point highlighted by Varghese.


The working principle and structure of the dual action filter press were introduced,focusing on filter board compaction system force analysis,and puts forward the optimized design.


Independent component analysis(ICA) is a statistical approach that the potential ability for blind source separation.The pure components spectral profiles of the mixtures can be obtained without prior information by ICA, and the extracted latent variables of chemically interpretable can be used for multi-variable analysis.ICA has been successfully used for processing the nearinfrared and multi-components infrared data,extracting source mass spectra(MS) and gas chromatographic(GC) profiles from overlapped GC-MS data,recovering photoacoustic depth profiles,and onlinbe monitoring and fault detection.ICA has profound prospect in chemical signal processing.


The concept of the security dilemma describes how it is possible, given the "existential uncertainty" which the condition of international anarchy produces amongst states, for violent conflict to arise between two or more actors even when neither has malign intentions towards the other[1]. Although the idea appears in text as far back as the fifth century BCE in the writings of the Greek intellectual Thucydides, the term only entered the academic lexicon after John Herz concretised it in his 1950 treatise 'Idealist Internationalism and the Security Dilemma'[2]. In the decades since then, a number of scholarly works, most notably by Robert Jervis, Ken Booth, and Nick Wheeler, have drawn attention to the ontological significance of the security dilemma[3]. Indeed, Booth and Wheeler argue that it is a foundational concept which "goes right to the heart of the theory and practise of international politics"[4]. Nevertheless, if the security dilemma is now ubiquitous in the contemporary study of the states-system, its implications have certainly not resulted in theoretical or prescriptive parsimony. Whereas offensive-realists such as John Mearsheimer contend that international anarchy and 'Hobbesian Fear' predispose states to perpetual confrontation, thinkers from diverse scholastic backgrounds have challenged the fatalistic logic of security-competition models, instead emphasising the ameliorative potential of human agency and inter-state regimes[5].


As influenced by the changes in ship loading conditions, the dynamic characteristics of the ship will change accordingly, leading to inaccuracy of the established ship motion model. Therefore, it is necessary to update the model to consistently provide accurate motion predictions. This paper investigated the adaptability of two online learning modes (i.e., incremental learning and sliding window) when the ship loading conditions change. The incremental learning method updates the model quickly with streaming data, while the sliding window method retrains the model with batch data over a period of time. The ε-Support Vector Regression (ε-SVR) is selected as the identification algorithm due to its good generalization ability and nonlinear mapping ability. The KCS container ship is taken as the study object. By changing its loading conditions, the incremental learning and sliding window methods are tested and verified with different amounts of new data. The results indicate that ε-SVR combined with the sliding window has better performance than combined with the incremental learning. The accuracy of the two methods is compared, and the adaptability is further analyzed.


This paper is intended to respond, on the basis of current trends, to the question, What does the future hold for the organization of health care delivery in the next 20 years? The reader is left t...


The variables of class attendance and the institution-wide Early Alert Grading System were employed to predict academic success at the end of the semester. Classroom attendance was found to be statistically and significantly related to final average and accounted for 14-16% of the variance in academic performance. Class attendance was found to decline over the semester. The new system of Early Alerts that warned students earning the grade of 2.0 and below during the 6 week of the semester was found to only marginally improve the prediction of at-risk students. A public method of sharing Exam #1 to Exam #2 improvement with the entire class is also presented as a reinforcement tool that protects the name of individual students. The implications of such research on teaching for instructor and student decision making and institutional policy decisions are also discussed in the report. Academic Success in Psychology Page 3 Motivational Correlates of Academic Success in an Educational Psychology Course Course instructors in the field of psychology frequently attempt to integrate what we know about research, research-based decision making, and theory into the college classroom. Such research is often called pedagogical research or research on teaching. Shulman (2003) at the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching has called this the "scholarship of teaching and learning." The SOTL or SoTL (Scholarship of Teaching and Learning) movement as an inter-disciplinary and prevailing trend in higher education seeks to make college/university teaching more reflective, effective, and transparent through the public sharing of research findings and successful classroom contextual interventions. The following research report adheres to such a philosophical and pragmatic trend. It seems reasonable to conclude that attending class might be one motivational variable often largely under the control of each student and of considerable interest to instructors and students alike. A quick data-base search in PsycINFO was launched with the following three descriptors: class attendance, grades, and psychology classes. A total of 143 results were generated and the earliest reference (Turner, 1927) dated back to 1927! Apparently, this is a topic that has been of considerable interest to researchers for over 8 decades. Unfortunately, attendance was often only one of several predictor variables employed in research studies in order to ferret out the complex relationships that exist between class attendance and intellectual ability, motivation, study strategies, gender differences, etc. Many variables are thought to be related to academic success. Class attendance is an observable and public variable that obscures the actual motives and intentions behind such a behavioral action. Academic Success in Psychology Page 4 For example, one's presence in class could be driven by a sense of obligation and responsibility, avoidance of guilt for missing class, intrinsic desire to learn, social factors, or the hope that something mentioned in class will be on the next exam. The fact that researchers have sought to explore this topic in other fields of study and courses such as biology (Moore, 2003), remedial mathematics (Berenson, Carter, & Norwood, 1992), Japanese culture (Gump, 2005), medical school (Hyde & Flournoy, 1986), and economics (Brocato, 1989) reminds us that the relationship between class attendance and academic success is of interest across the entire college campus. Psychological researchers might have a slight advantage in such research on teaching in that they often possess research skills and are familiar with theoretical models that have emerged from their own discipline to apply to the college classroom. An inference from such a circumstance is the implication that teachers of psychology should be leading the way in such research frontiers. Nearly all psychology instructors and even most psychology students can spot that motivational theories and the accompanying research associated with such theoretical perspectives are explicitly relevant to student success or failure in a class. This is certainly true of my personal insights, since while doing doctoral work at the University of Michigan in the 1980's I had the privilege to study under the tutelage of such notable professors as John (Jack) Atkinson, Bill McKeachie, Jacquelynne Eccles, Allan Wigfield, and many others. While attending a "Festschrift for Jack Atkinson" on the U. of M. campus in 1985, I had the privilege to meet David McClelland, Norman Feather, Bernard Weiner, Nathan Brody, David Birch, Willy Lens, Virginia Blankenship, and others. During the Winter Semester of 1987, I even had the chance to take a semester-long course on attribution theory with Bernard Weiner on the Ann Arbor campus (he was on sabbatical leave from UCLA at this time). Academic Success in Psychology Page 5 Needless to say, these ideas, research findings, and theoretical models became the backbone of my dissertation and the focus of my career. My teaching has led me to constantly be on the alert for how I could better motivate students in the direction of higher achievement and create an improved learning environment to foster learning. The inference of such work also means that I have adopted the teaching mission of helping those students who suffer from test/performance anxiety and fear of failure so that they can reach their true academic potential. The research literature is filled with studies that explore student attendance and the rules/reward systems for class attendance, student explanations regarding why they attend class, if students believe attendance should be mandatory, and a description of the diverse classroom settings that might promote or reduce student attendance. The findings are mixed when it comes to the central issue of the relationship between college class attendance and academic performance or grades. Most studies have found that attendance is positively related to class performance, but the collective power of student presence in the classroom to predict academic success varies widely. For example, Van Blerkom (2001) reported correlations between class attendance and course grades as ranging from .29 to .73. A few studies have even found that high classroom attendance is not linked to good grades (Berenson, et. al., 1992). The following research report offers a detailed examination of course attendance and Early Alert Grade policies as predictors of success at the end of the semester. A method of recognizing student improvement from Exam #1 to Exam #2 was also designed in order to find a pedagogically-sound method of publically rewarding such student achievement gains. The working hypothesis was that attendance would be positively correlated to end of the semester average at statistically significant levels.


North-west Carnarvonshire.—There are here two or three separate areas which, at all events historically, must be considered more or less independently, viz. the district between Bangor and Carnarvon, the Llyn Padarn and Moel Tryfaen range, and the Lleyn Peninsula. Except in reference to the last of these, it is certain that the belief in Precambrian rocks in Carnarvonshire began with Prof. Hughes. This author, indeed, quotes Prof. Sedgwick as recognizing such rocks here, but the passages he quotes have a very different meaning in the original. The slates near Bangor and Carnarvon, which Sedgwick says are amongst the oldest of North Wales, are those which occur "along the shores of the Menai Straits from Bangor to Carnarvon," which he describes as "dark earthy-coloured slates which, were we to judge only by mineral structure, might easily be confounded with Upper Silurian rocks," and these are "cut through by a great intrusive rib of syenitic porphyry of a different epoch, which ranges nearly with the beds."


We present a search for anomalous production of the signature `+γ+b-quark+6ET produced in pp̄ collisions at √ s = 1.96 TeV using 1.9 fb of data taken with the CDF detector in Run II at the Tevatron. In addition to this signature-based search, we present a search for top pair production with an additional radiated photon, tt̄ + γ. We find 28 `γ 6ETb events versus an expectation of 27.9 −3.5 events. Additionally requiring the events to contain at least 3 jets and to have a total transverse energy of 200 GeV, we observe 16 tt̄γ candidate events versus an expectation from nontop standard model [1] (SM) sources of 6.7 −2.1 Assuming the difference between the observed number and the predicted non-top SM total is due to top production, we measure the tt̄γ cross-section to be 0.15 ± 0.08 pb.


Abstract Sclerotinia minor Jagger is a promising biocontrol agent for dandelion in turfgrass. When a flowering dandelion population was treated with S. minor, flowering accelerated to the fruiting stage within 4 days. This developmental response was 4–5 days earlier than in the control, untreated plants and was not observed in herbicide-treated plants. Seeds obtained from the fungal-treated plants were smaller, lighter and their germination rate was reduced by 48.4 and 47.3% for spring and fall applications, respectively. S. minor was not detected in dandelion seeds from the fungal-treated plants. In addition to effective control of mature (flowering) dandelions, seeds dispersed by dying plants have reduced germination and are not transferring S. minor off target.


Combined with a highway project involving the composite foundation reinforcement,Rayleigh wave testing technology is applied in evaluation of composite foundation reinforcement effect.Based on test data,the relation are established between composite foundation replacement rate and effective reinforcement depth,composite foundation hosted force and composite foundation cut wave of mutual relationship.The test results indicate that Rayleigh waves testing technology can produce accurate detection result of composite foundation of reinforcement depth.It is also found that the composite foundation effective reinforcement depth and composite foundation replacement rate are two most important factors governing the velocity of shear wave and composite foundation bearing capacity.


The utility model provides a gas electromagnetic valve, which comprises an electromagnetic valve, an electromagnetic valve switch control circuit, a gas detection and alarm controlling device and an electromagnetic valve switch remote controller. The electromagnetic valve switch control circuit comprises a microprocessor circuit, a wireless transceiving module and a control signal amplifying circuit, wherein the microprocessor circuit is connected with the wireless transceiving module, the microprocessor circuit is connected with the control signal amplifying circuit, the control signal amplifying circuit is connected with the electromagnetic valve, and the electromagnetic valve switch remote controller is communicated with the wireless transceiving module. The gas detection and alarm controlling device comprises a single chip microcomputer circuit, a gas detection module and a wireless transceiving module, wherein the single chip microcomputer circuit is connected with the gas detection module, the single chip microcomputer circuit is connected with the wireless transceiving circuit, and the wireless transceiving circuit is communicated with the wireless transceiving module. The gas electromagnetic valve has the advantages of smart conception, scientific design, use convenience, flexible control, safety and reliability.


—Necessity of enhancing information security is stimulating the adoption of new cryptographic techniques at the physical layer of telecommunication networks. In the scope of optical networks, one of these recently investigated techniques consists on splitting a signal in several spectral slices and on imposing distortions to each of these slices to encode the original signal. The set of distortion parameters constitutes a cryptographic key. In this work, is investigated the use of a genetic algorithm (GA) to generate keys of this type. In particular, only those keys that provide an encoded signal with a sufficiently high bit error rate (BER) and a decoded signal with a satisfactorily low BER are acceptable. Numerical best simulation results indicate the GA generated acceptable cryptographic keys in more than 95% of the considered potential keys, in the cases where the above BERs are respectively of 2  10 -1 and 10 -15 .


The spectral fluorescence efficiency function ((eta) ((lambda) x,(lambda) m) equals quanta fluoresced per nm interval of (lambda) m per quanta absorbed at (lambda) x, (lambda) x equals excitation wavelength, (lambda) m equals emission wavelength) has been determined for several different fulvic and humic acid samples, and the 3-dimensional surfaces have been described mathematically. These data are used along with a published two-flow irradiance model to calculate the effect of solar-stimulated fluorescence due to colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM; also gelbstoff) on irradiance reflectance just below the sea surface along a transect taken on the West Florida Shelf. In addition, a strategy is suggested for using (eta) ((lambda) x,(lambda) m) and mass-specific absorption coefficient measurements of CDOM to determine CDOM concentrations from remotely sensed fluorescence measurements.


In this study, we showed the distortion of the central axis of the donor moiety can switch critically the rate of the reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC) process, which is the trigger point to modulate the lifetime of delayed fluorescence. To achieve kRISC, what we desired (105 to 106 s–1) in a series of donor–acceptor–donor (D–A–D) type thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials, the donor groups (phenoxazine and phenothiazine) were selectively introduced. Maintaining the near orthogonality between donor and acceptor (benzonitrile) moiety, the occurrence of the distortion of the central axis of the donor moiety could make the effect of locally excited triplet state (3LE). In other words, the interaction between 3LE and the charge transfer counterparts (i.e., 1CT and 3CT) contributes an opposite propensity of kRISC for each of the target TADF materials when those are dissolved in solution and condensed in solid state. Herein, we have theoretically and experimentally shown the photophysical...


This paper proposes a nov el m ethod ology for statistical leak age m inim ization of d igital c irc u its. A fu nction of m ean and v ariance of the c irc u it leak age is m inim ized w ith constraint on α-percentile of the d elay u sing phy sical d elay m od els. S ince the leak age is a strong fu nction of the threshold v oltage and gate length, consid ering them as d esign v ariab les can prov id e signifi cant am ou nt of pow er sav ings. The leak age m inim ization prob lem is form u lated as a multiv ariable conv ex op timization prob lem . W e d em onstrate that statistical optim ization can lead to m ore than 37% sav ings in nom inal leak age com pared to w orst-case techniq u es that perform only gate siz ing.


Palpation is an important medical diagnostic tool which is based on the fact that tumors tend to be stiffer than the surrounding normal tissue. None of the modern, non-invasive, imaging techniques (such as CT scan, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or Ultrasound) used today by clinicians to find and diagnose tumors provides the critical information about the stiffness of the imaged tissues. The clinical or radiological observation of palpation can be explained theoretically by the following hypothesis: the Young's modulus of tissues helps differentiating not only between normal and abnormal tissues but, more importantly, between benign and malignant (cancer) tumors. In this paper we present a novel mechanical model of differentiating between benign and malignant tumors based on their corresponding Young's moduli obtained using information about tissue microstructure provided by image mass spectroscopy.


Retention parameters of 45 different barbituric acid derivatives were determined on an amide embedded RP silica column (Discovery RP-AmideC16) using non-buffered tetrahydrofuran-water mixtures as eluents. Linear correlations were calculated between the lgk values and the tetrahydrofuran concentration in the eluent. Chromatographic parameters of barbituric acid derivatives were correlated with different conventional and quantum chemical structural descriptors in QSRR study (the different parameters were: intercept (lg k 0) and slope (b) values of the linear, the combined retention parameter (lg k 0/b), asymmetry factor (AF) and theoretical plate values (N)). Multilinear regression analysis (SRA) and principal component analysis (PCA), followed by two dimensional nonlinear mapping and cluster analysis techniques, were used to determine the retention behavior of barbituric acid derivatives. Different mathematical-statistical methods indicated that the hydrophobic characteristics of the solutes have marked influence on the retention behavior of barbituric acid derivatives on this amide embedded RP silica column in tetrahydrofuran-water eluent systems. The significant effect of the hydrophobic characteristics of the analytes in the retention behavior indicated that the effects of the interaction between the analytes and the residual silica silanol groups are negligible.


Bananas are one of the top ten world food crops. Unlike most other major food crops, bananas are difficult to genetically improve. The challenge is that nearly all banana cultivars and landraces are triploids, with high levels of male and female infertility. There are a number of international conventional breeding programs and many of these are developing new cultivars. However, it is virtually impossible to backcross bananas, thus excluding the possibility of introgressing new traits into a current cultivar. The alternative strategy is to "modify" the cultivar itself. We have been developing the capacity to modify Cavendish bananas and other cultivars for both disease resistance and enhanced fruit quality. Initially, we were using transgenes; genes that were derived from species outside of the Musa or banana genus. However, we have recently incorporated two banana genes (cisgenes) into Cavendish; one to enhance the level of pro-vitamin A and the other to increase the resistance to Panama disease. Modified Cavendish with these cisgenes have been employed in a field trial. Almost certainly, the next advance will be to edit the Cavendish genome, to generate the desired traits. As these banana cultivars are essentially sterile, transgene flow and the outcrossing of modified genes into wild Musa species. are highly unlikely and virtually impossible in other triploid cultivars. Therefore, genetic changes in bananas may be compatible with organic farming.


The gas permeation properties of H2, He, CO2, O2, and N2 through silicone-coated polyethersulfone (PESf) asymmetric hollow-fiber membranes with different structures were investigated as a function of pressure and temperature and compared with those of PESf dense membrane and silicone rubber (PDMS) membrane. The PESf asymmetric hollow-fiber membranes were prepared from spinning solutions containing N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone as a solvent, with ethanol, 1-propanol, or water as a nonsolvent-additive. Water was also used as both an internal and an external coagulant. A thin silicone rubber film was coated on the external surface of dried PESf hollow-fiber membranes. The apparent structure characteristics of the separation layer (thickness, porosity, and mean pore size) of the asymmetric membranes were determined by gas permeation method and their cross-section morphologies were examined with a scanning electron microscope. The results reveal that the gas pressure normalized fluxes of the five gases in the three silicone-coated PESf asymmetric membranes are nearly independent of pressure and did not exhibit the dual-mode behavior. The activation energies of permeation in the silicone-coated asymmetric membranes may be larger or smaller than those of PESf dense membrane, which is controlled by the membrane physical structure (skin layer and sublayer structure). Permselectivities for the gas pairs H2/N2, He/N2, CO2/N2, and O2/N2 are also presented and their temperature dependency addressed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 837–846, 1997


S.N. and G.D.T. were supported by a European Research Council Starting

Grant Project (acronym USEMS) and by a Progetti di Eccellenza Fondazione

Cassa di Risparmio di Padova e Rovigo. We are grateful to Nick Beeler

(and to an anonymous referee) for their constructive reviews and their

help to improve the clarity of the manuscript.


Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effects of water temperature, predator size, prey size, and prey number on gastric evacuation of smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui) fed juvenile salmon. The smallmouth bass were allowed to feed voluntarily after 24–48 h of starvation and stomachs were pumped at intervals of 1–4 h until 90% of the stomach contents were evacuated (E90). Evacuation approximated an S-shaped curve over time, and a sigmoid model was developed to predict evacuation at varying water temperatures, total meal weights, predator sizes, and prey number. The rate of evacuation increased with increasing water temperature, meal weight, or predator size. The E90 increased with larger meal weights but decreased with increasing temperature or predator size. E90 ranged between 4 and 95 h, depending upon conditions. E90 was slower than those estimated previously for another predator of salmon, the stomachless northern squawfish (Ptychocheilus oregonensis).


caused by a rugby tackle. Rugby is one of the most popular sports in the world, but it has one of the highest incidences of injury. Blunt traumatic aortic rupture is a life-threatening injury. Motor vehicle accidents represent the most common cause of such rupture; sports injury is a rare cause. We report a case of aortic arch injury and obstruction of the innominate artery with possible posterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint caused by a rugby tackle, which led to lethal hemorrhagic shock and brain ischemia.


The systemic mechanisms of the wound healing effect of low intensity lasers remain largely uninvestigated. The goal of this randomized, placebo controlled, double blind study is to prove that irradiation of a small area of the human body with visible and infrared polarized (VIP) light (400–3400 nm, 95% polarization, 40 mW cm^2, 12 J cm^2) leads to an increase of the growth promoting (GP) activity of the entire circulating blood for primary cultures of human keratinocytes (KCs). Thirty minutes after the VIP-irradiation of a sacral area of volunteers, the GP activity of circulating blood was seen to increase through the elevation of the number of KCs cultured with the isolated plasma by 20 ± 3%, p < 0.001. A similar increase in GP activity was seen in plasma derived from the in vitro irradiated blood of each volunteer, and from the mixture of irradiated and non-irradiated autologous blood (1 : 10). Enhanced GP activity was also recorded at 24 h after the 1st and 4–9th daily phototherapeutic sessions. Hence, exposure of volunteers to VIP light leads to a fast increase in the GP activity of the entire circulating blood for human KCs in vitro , which is a consequence of the transcutaneous photomodification of blood and its effect on the rest of the circulating blood volume.


Introduction A microsimulation model provides important references for decision-making regarding colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention strategies, yet such a well-validated model is scarce in China. Methods We comprehensively introduce the development of MIcrosimulation Model for the prevention and Intervention of Colorectal Cancer in China (MIMIC-CRC). The MIMIC-CRC was first constructed to simulate the natural history of CRC based on the adenoma-carcinoma pathway. The parameters were calibrated and validated using data from population-based cancer registry data and CRC screening programs. Furthermore, to assess the model's external validity, we compared the model-derived results to outcome patterns of a sigmoidoscopy screening trial in the UK [UK Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening (UKFSS) trial]. Finally, we evaluated the application potential of the MIMIC-CRC model in CRC screening by comparing the 8 different strategies. Results We found that most of the model-predicted colorectal lesion prevalence was within the 95% CIs of observed prevalence in a large population-based CRC screening program in China. In addition, model-predicted sex- and age-specific CRC incidence and mortality were equivalent to the registry-based data. The hazard ratios of model-estimated CRC-related incidence and mortality for sigmoidoscopy screening compared to no screening were 0.60 and 0.51, respectively, which were comparable to the reported results of the UKFSS trial. Moreover, we found that all 8 strategies could reduce CRC incidence and mortality compared to no screening. Conclusions The well-calibrated and validated MIMIC-CRC model may represent a valid tool to assess the comparative effectiveness of CRC screening strategies and will be useful for further decision-making to CRC prevention.


With the sample from Pihe River,this paper attempts to conduct a study of the effects of biostyrene filter and backwash on the main pollutants in terms of the turbidity,COD Mn and NH 4 +-N. The results show that the average removal rate of turbidity,COD Mn and NH 4 +-N reaches 37. 5%,20% and 64% respectively. Back washing has a certain influence on both COD Mn and NH 4 +-N,though the latter is less affected than the former. Less than 10% of COD Mn is removed an hour after the backwash,but the rate for NH 4 +-N can reach 60% two hour after backwash,and a basic recovery will need 7 hours.


The purpose of this study was to investigate in detail the core area of the Ouachita Mountains of southwestern Arkansas. As work progressed it was discovered that High Peak and Wheeler Mountain ridges are not homoclinal, as originally mapped by Miser and Purdue, but rather are anticlinal. According to our interpretation there are only two outcrop areas of Collier shale in the Crystal Mountains: those along upper Collier Creek and upper Huddleston Creek. This fact is stratigraphically significant in that almost no dark bluish gray limestone was found by the writers in these remaining two outcrop areas of Collier shale. Another significant change in the stratigraphy is that of the thickness and lithologic character of the Crystal Mountain sandstone, which Miser and Purdue d scribed as "almost entirely" sandstone and as being 850 feet thick. Pitt discovered that the measurable interval of the Crystal Mountain sandstone in the Crystal Mountains is only 180-320+feet. Lithologically the measured interval consists of two massive sandstone beds, 30-80 feet in thickness, separated by about 100 feet of thin beds of siltstone and shale. Locally as much as 50 feet or possibly slightly more of interbedded sandstone and shale makes up the uppermost member in the Crystal Mountains. In the Mount Ida area north of the Crystal Mountains the Crystal Mountain sandstone ranges in thickness from 280 to 370 feet because the uppermost member is thicker than it is in the Crystal Mountains. No conglomerate or other suggestion of an unconformity was found at the base of the Crystal Mountain sandstone; the writers therefore believe that the Collier shale is probably Ordovician in age rather than Cambrian. The outcrop of supposed Collier shale north of Wheeler Mountain and near the town of Mount Ida is actually Mazarn shale. This Mount Ida area is one of sharp anticlinal folds with gentle westward plunge. Most of the Crystal Mountain sandstone ridges have been overturned southward. Faulting is rare throughout the Mount Ida area. The few observed faults are tear faults, but their presence suggests that minor thrust faults also may be present.


The interfacial chemistry of a barium/silicon oxynitride (SiOxNy)/silicon nanostructure was investigated with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) to determine if SiOxNy can serve as a barrier for the barium strontium titanate high-k dielectric. The structure consisted of 17 A of (4 ML) Ba on a 12 A SiOxNy barrier layer on a Si(100) substrate. Both XPS and SIMS results suggest that barium oxide (BaO) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) at the Ba/SiOxNy interface react to form ∼10 A of multiphase barium silicate even at 300 K. The kinetics of this reaction were accelerated by annealing the structure in a stepwise fashion to 1000 K. During the annealing, the BaO and SiO2 XPS chemical states attenuate leaving two silicate states. Below the silicate layer, in the oxygen poor region of the nanostructure, ∼10 A BaSix formed. Annealing the nanostructure to 1000 K for 5 min tested the barrier capabilities of the 12 A SiOxNy layer. SIMS Ba+, BaSi+, BaSiO+ and Si2N+ signals revea...


A 67-year-old male with haemodialysis due to diabetic nephropathy underwent a planned coronary angiography (CAG) 9 months after percutaneous coronary intervention to a proximal right coronary artery lesion (with a diagnosis of stable angina). There was a rapid progression in the left anterior descending artery, where the previous angiography revealed mild stenosis ( Panels A and B ). Frequency-domain optimal coherence tomography (FD-OCT) …


I am very grateful to Christian Barry, Michael Blake, Adam Etinson, and Cristina Lafont for their essays on Human Dignity and Human Rights. I admire and have learnt from their own philosophical work (See, e.g. Barry and Reddy 2008; Barry and Øverland 2016; Blake 2013; Etinson 2013, 2018; Lafont 2010, forthcoming), and it is indeed a great honor and a challenge to reply to their thoughtful comments on my book. I intend my (necessarily short) replies as part of what will hopefully be an ongoing conversation to sharpen and improve our views about human rights and social justice.


State authorities in India order domestic internet service providers (ISPs) to block access to websites and services. We developed a mobile application, CensorWatch, that runs network tests to study inconsistencies in how ISPs conduct censorship. We analyse the censorship of 10,372 sites, with measurements collected across 71 networks from 25 states in the country. We find that ISPs in India rely on different methods of censorship with larger ISPs utilizing methods that are harder to circumvent. By comparing blocklists and con-textualising them with specific legal orders, we find concrete evidence that ISPs in India are blocking different websites and engaging in arbitrary blocking, in violation of Indian law.


This article is devoted to influence of external labor migration on economic safety in the Tambov region, and also to the analysis of current situation of the foreign labor initiated by attraction from abroad. Regional features of external labor migration are revealed and its main influence on economic safety in the region number of foreign workers consisting in annual growth is defined. Necessity of rationalization of migratory policy at regional level is noted.


Higgs boson production in association with a photon ($H$+$\gamma$) offers a promising channel to test the Higgs boson to photon coupling at various energy scales. Its potential sensitivity to anomalous couplings of the Higgs boson has not been explored with proton-proton collision data. In this paper, we reinterpret the latest ATLAS $H$+$\gamma$ resonance search results within the Standard Model effective field theory (EFT) framework, using 36.1 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data recorded with the ATLAS detector at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. Constraints on Wilson coefficients of dimension-six EFT operators related to the Higgs boson to photon coupling are provided for the first time in $H$+$\gamma$ final state at the LHC.


![Figure][1]

> Doctor: "Drink any alcohol?"
>
> Patient: "Used to call me 'Miss me not.'
>
> Long as it contained alcohol,
>
> couldn't miss me."

See other sketches and notes by this author at cmaj.ca.

This sketch and note date back more than three decades.

 [1]: pending:


This note contains three purposes : First, we present an alternative solution to our previous problem on gap series raised in th is journal (K yoto University 1978). Second, we give a short proof of Fuchs Theorem on gap series. Finally, we correct three o f our theorems which were pointed out by Gavrilov (from Moscow State University) to whom th e author is indebted. L et D= {z : z I <1 } be the un it disk, C = {z: I z =1} th e u n it circle, and f (z) a function meromorphic in D . A s in K . Noshiro [19, p. 87], w e say that f (z ) is norm al in D if and only if


Any investments, including into grocery and technological innovations, should be exposed to an economic estimation before will be financed. Thus the positive decision on commercial financing of innovative investments is accepted only in case their preliminary economic estimation shows the level of profitability corresponding to degree of investment risk which for innovations is always high. In given article methods of an economic estimation of investments used in practice in innovations and indicators corresponding to them are analyzed.


A Fe-Cr-B-C coating was prepared by electric arc spraying process to prevent the boiler tubes from hot corrosion at elevated temperatures.A hot corrosion resistance test was conducted in a mixed molten salt of Na2SO4 and K2SO4(7:3)at 700 ℃for a total period of 156 h.The microstructure and phases of the coatings before and after exposed to the hot corrosion were investigated by scanning election microscopy(SEM),optical microscopy(OM)and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The hardness and porosity were analyzed.The hot corrosion behavior of the coatings was examined by the measurement of corrosion mass gain and the observation of corrosion morphology.The results show that some splats of particles are formed on flat substrate surfaces and the coatings have a dense typical layer structure of electric arc thermally spraying deposits.Some amorphous phase exist in the coating.The coatings have an excellent resistance to hot corrosion.The formation of oxides of chromium on the exposed surface may be contributing better resistance to hot corrosion.The corrosion of the coatings follows the oxidation and sulfidation mechanism.


The rapidly growing popularity of E-Learning has introduced new terms to education, as virtual learning. The success of a virtual learning environment (VLE) depends on a considerable extent of student acceptance and use of
such an e-Iearning system. The current study introduces an overview of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Furthermore, it builds a conceptual model to explain the differences between individual students in the level of
acceptance and use of a VLE. This model is an extension of TAM. The primary findings of the study show that perceived of peer encouragement (PPE) has direct influence on the students' attitude to use virtual learning. Computer self-efficacy (CSE) and enjoyment (EN) have direct effect on the
students' intention to use virtual learning, whilst, the cultural factor (CF) has indirect effects mediated by TAM.


Detailed resistivity measurements were made along the planes of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta single crystals in zero field and in the temperature region above the superconducting transition temperature T-c. Analyses of the fluctuation conductivity Delta sigma are presented using a careful construction of the mean-field critical temperature T-c(mf). Delta sigma can be described by the Lawrence-Doniach model with a two-dimensional (2D)-3D crossover close to T-c(mf). The c-axis coherence length was found to be 0.9 +/- 0.1 Angstrom. For comparison Delta sigma was also calculated from T-c defined from the peak temperature of d rho/dT. It is shown that a consistent description of the 2D-3D transition is then lost.


We review the physics of the Grishchuk-Zel'dovich effect which describes the impact of large amplitude, superhorizon gravitational field fluctuations on the cosmic microwave background anisotropy power spectrum. Using the latest determination of the spectrum by the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe satellite, we infer a lower limit on the present length scale of such fluctuations of $3.9\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}$ times the cosmological particle horizon (at the 95% confidence level).


OBJECTIVE
The evidence that stress may provoke Graves' hyperthyroidism in genetically susceptible subjects is substantial. Whether exposure to stress is related to the severity of thyrotoxicosis has not been studied. Advancing age is associated with not only less severe Graves' hyperthyroidism but also self-reported stress. We tested the hypothesis whether advancing age is associated with less exposure to stress, resulting in a lower immunological response, and less severe Graves' hyperthyroidism.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional multicenter study.

PATIENTS
Two hundred and sixty-three consecutive untreated patients with a first episode of Graves' hyperthyroidism were included. The severity of Graves' hyperthyroidism was evaluated biochemically (freeT(4)-index and freeT(3)-index, thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulin (TBII)) and clinically by the hyperthyroid symptom scale score (HSS score). Stress exposure was quantitated by three questionnaires.

RESULTS
Advancing age was associated with less severe Graves' hyperthyroidism, both biochemically by lower serum freeT(3)-index and freeT(4)-index (P<0.01), lower serum TBII (P=0.05), and clinically by lower HSS scores (P=0.04) and smaller goiter size (P<0.01). FreeT(3)-index and freeT(4)-index were directly associated with HSS scores (P<0.01). Stress scores were associated with HSS scores (P<0.01) but not with biochemical severity of Graves' hyperthyroidism. Advancing age was associated with lower scores for stress exposure. Multivariate regression analysis showed that HSS score was independently related to the tendency to report negative feelings (P<0.01) but not to other stress scores and also not to age.

CONCLUSION
Advancing age is associated with less exposure to stress, lower serum TBII and less severe clinical and biochemical Graves' hyperthyroidism. Because no direct relationship exists between stress exposure and TBII or freeT(3)-index and freeT(4)-index, we reject our hypothesis that less stress is causally related to biochemically less severe Graves' hyperthyroidism in old age. HSS score is primarily determined by negative feelings and not by age.


We investigated the size effect on ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in a submicron-wide single permalloy bar. The resonant frequency markedly increased with decreasing bar width to less than 1 µm, since the demagnetizing field is effectively modified by changing the bar width even in thin films. The resonant frequency difference between 100- and 1000-nm-wide bars was over 4 GHz in the absence of a magnetic field. This characteristic is promising for practical microwave devices because the desired resonant frequency can be obtained simply by varying the width of narrow ferromagnetic bars so that it is not necessary to change the material or magnetic field.


MS: I have twenty-six questions for you today. We might even add a few as we go on. mb: Well, at my age twenty-six will be enough. MS: Do you use a particular methodology in teaching composition? mb: Absolutely not. None whatsoever. You know, Marilyn, we're probably going to have to define these things anyhow. It depends what you mean. If you mean what I do now, which is to have students come to Juilliard only one on one, no composition classes, no composition seminars, the answer is certainly not. If you go back to my earlier days at Princeton, you could call methodology what began with species counterpoint and took students through various phases, through analytical work and so forth yes, that would have been methodology. But it wasn't even so in that case. It really depended on the group of students, as now it depends entirely on the individual student. ms: Well, were you involved in that curriculum at Princeton? Did you feel like taking them through the species counterpoint and . . . ? mb: Well, we designed that ourselves. Mainly Ed Cone and I did it all. Because remember these were very small classes. This was Princeton, you know, where we had very small classes for anything that was technical. Most of my students were not music students. They were either general students with some background in music or they were the few specialists. When you get to graduate school, that's a different thing, because then I certainly only work with them one on one.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a model for product recommendation to improve the accuracy of recommendation based on the current search engines used in e-commerce platforms like Tmall.com.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the proposed model comprehensively considers price, trust and online reviews, which all represent critical factors in consumers' purchasing decisions. Second, the model introduces the quantization methods for these criteria incorporating fuzzy theory. Third, the model uses a distance measure between two single valued neutrosophic sets based on the prioritized average operator to consolidate the influences of positive, neutral and negative comments. Finally, the model uses multi-criteria decision-making methods to integrate the influences of price, trust and online reviews on purchasing decisions to generate recommendations.

Findings
To demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed model, a case study is conducted based on Tmall.com. The results of case study indicate that the recommendations of our model perform better than those of current search engines of Tmall.com. The proposed model can significantly improve the accuracy of product recommendations based on search engines.

Originality/value
The product recommendation method can meet the critical challenge from the search engines on e-commerce platforms. In addition, the proposed method could be used in practice to develop a new application for e-commerce platforms.


In this discussion of the design of a transistor amplifier which exhibits a linear phase response, the theoretical background as well as experimental techniques are outlined.


A pneumatic tire capable of simultaneously achieving wet performance and noise performance while enhancing driving stability. The pneumatic tire has a rib-like land portion extending in the circumferential direction of the tire, in the central portion of the tread; a left and right pair of first grooves extending in the circumferential direction of the tire while being next to both sides of the rib-like land portion; and a left and right pair of first land portions extending in the circumferential direction of the tire while being next to the outsides of the first grooves. Narrow grooves extending in the circumferential direction of the tire are provided in the rib-like land portion. Further, lug grooves and zigzag narrow grooves are provided in the first land portions, where the lug grooves do not communicate with the first grooves and incline relative to the tire equator, and the undulating or zigzag narrow grooves extend in the tire circumferential direction. The minimum distance (W2) between an undulating or zigzag narrow groove and the outer side wall of a first land portion is set 60-70% of the width (W1) of the first land portion, and the amplitude (W3) of the undulating or zigzag narrow groove is set 5-12% of the width (W1) of the first land portion.


In order to provide effective legal protection for the cultural heritage, it is necessary to know who has what rights to, or interests in, material of cultural value. The largest part of the underwater cultural heritage — wrecks and wreckage — is subject to some very special rules in this regard. This article will therefore examine the various proprietary and possessory interests which exist in wreck, along with some of the restrictions or limitations imposed on them. These interests and restrictions have been established and developed in the UK by Admiralty and common law over many centuries and — since the nineteenth century — have to some extent been recognised and protected by statute. Most of the law has developed to deal with commercial interests, although an increasing focus is being placed on the interests of those concerned for the cultural heritage. Interest in wreck law has grown along with the dramatic increases in technology that have enabled the discovery of ships long thought lost, such as the Titanic. In addition to the interest generated by sport divers, commercial recovery enterprises have flourished, particularly off the US coasts. As well as exotic Spanish treasure ships, there are hundreds of private merchant ships which were sunk during World Wars I and II of no commercial worth in themselves but with non-perishable cargoes of considerable value. Cargoes which are sought after include nickel, copper, aluminium, platinum, tin and lead. There are also more mundane cargoes which are proving attractive to commercial divers, including coal, jute and teak. Since some nineteenth and twentieth century vessels may be considered of historical importance, it is clear that situations of conflict may emerge between those interested in the commercial value of the vessel's cargo, and those interested in the historical value of the vessel itself and its contents.


In Recent years,many researches tried to analyze the feasibility and advantage of the application of virtual realism technology on simulating second language learning environments,but now,none research result could present an idiographic method.This paper tries to present a method,which could construct a broad-range,multi-user and multi-way distributional virtual language learning environment based on distributional virtual environment frame,by referring to related researches.And this paper tries to discuss and research its construction frame,theory basis and construction methods.


This chapter presents a case study of the lesbian and gay rights movement following the Supreme Court's decision in Bowers v. Hardwick, which was a critical defeat in the campaign for sodomy repeal. Activists responded with a dramatic wave of mobilization by staging protests, successful appeals for organizational donations, building coalitions, and shifting institutional venues. This case provides a paradox for the dominant perspectives within social movement theory and legal mobilization literature, which often traces mobilization back to the expansion of political opportunities. The defeat in Bowers signaled a closing of political opportunities for activists. Drawing from a growing body of literature on political threats and heeding the call to specify the mechanisms of movement dynamics, I show how the defeat in Bowers was translated into proactive mobilization.


A matrix solid phase dispersion(MSPD) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of alprazolam,midazolam,triazolam,estazolam,oxazeoam,diazepam,nitrazepam,clonazepam,carbamazepin,lidocaine,phenobarbita,amobarbital and secobarbita residues in meat.Sample extract was cleaned up using an MSPD kit before UPLC-MS/MS.The analytes were monitored under multi-reaction monitoring(MRM) mode and quantified by an external standard method.The chromatographic separation was achieved on a BEH C18 column using a mobile phase composed of 10 mmol/L ammonium acetate and methanol through gradient elution.The results showed that the limits of detection for 13 sedatives ranged between 0.05 and 3 μg/kg.The average spike recoveries for the sedatives in a blank pork sample at three spike levels were 77.4%-100.2% with relative standard deviation(RSD) of 1.3%-14.8%(n =3).The method was simple,rapid,sensitive,accurate and applicable for the determination of 13 sedative residues in meat.


In order to enhance combustion efficiency and reduce atmosphere pollutants, it is essential to measure carbon monoxide (CO) concentration precisely in combustion exhaust. CO is the important gas species regarding pollutant emission and incomplete combustion because it can trade off with NOx and increase rapidly when incomplete combustion occurs. In the case of a steel annealing system, CO is generated intentionally to maintain the deoxidation atmosphere. However, it is difficult to measure the CO concentration in a combustion environment in real-time, because of unsteady combustion reactions and harsh environment. Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS), which is an optical measurement method, is highly attractive for measuring the concentration of certain gas species, temperature, velocity, and pressure in a combustion environment. TDLAS has several advantages such as sensitive, non-invasive, and fast response, and in-situ measurement capability. In this study, a combustion system is designed to control the equivalence ratio. Also, the combustion exhaust gases are produced in a Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)/air flame. Measurement of CO concentration according to the change of equivalence ratio is confirmed through TDLAS method and compared with the simulation based on Voigt function. In order to measure the CO concentration without interference from other combustion products, a near-infrared laser at 4300.6 cm was selected.