The Rouge Project has monitored discharge at 13 continuous flow gauging stations serving drainage areas varying from nine to 410 square miles for the past 11 years as a means of evaluating existing conditions and tracking progress. This study evaluates the flow regime of the Rouge Watershed including the analysis of a decade or more of data, and status with regard to ecological targets. The temporal resolution of in-stream flow data required to establish long-term trends is also investigated by comparing flow exceedence frequency curves developed using 15-minute, hourly average, and daily average flow data and the Mann-Kendall analysis for trend at varying exceedence classes. Trend analysis of flow frequencies indicates that flow values have decreased, or have remained the same over the period of record examined for each flow monitoring station along the Main, Upper, and Middle Rouge Rivers. A strong trend of increasing flows was observed in the Lower Rouge River for flows in the low to mid- range, primarily due to increased wastewater treatment plant discharges. The direction of trends predicted by flows measured at a 15-minute, hourly-average, and daily average time scale did not vary, although trend strength varied significantly. Fewer differences in trend strength were observed between 15-minute and hourly-average data than between 15-minute and daily-average data, indicating that hourly data are adequate for trend analysis. The overall number of ecological flow targets that were met did not increase at nine Rouge flow monitoring stations between the time periods of 1994-1999 and 2000-2005. Summer improvements of peak flows were observed at one station along the Lower Rouge River. Flows fell from within the acceptable tolerance range to below lower bounds at two stations, indicating a decrease in baseflow at those stations.


We consider the following problem: Let G be a group with distinct automorphisms β and σ and an anti-automorphism α such that What can be said about G? If σ = α, σ is both an automorphism and an anti-automorphism so that G is abelian. Hence we assume that σ ≠ α. In this case, we show that G is non-abelian, but has an abelian subgroup of index 2. Conversely, for such a group G there always exist distinct automorphisms β and σ and an anti-automorphism α such that (1) holds.


We propose a novel method for in situ cellular imaging of biological tissues using a full-field OCT setup with an entirely passive probe. Ex vivo results on human breast and first in vivo results on human skin are presented.


Artificial reefs are man made structures placed on the sea floor for the purpose of providing shelter, nutrition, protection and breeding areas for fish and other sea creatures. In this research study, not only the suitable areas for artificial reefs in the region were determined but also the applicability of artificial reefs in the Black Sea was investigated. Within the scope of this study, an artificial reef built up in Unye District of Ordu by use of 100 concrete blocks and 3 coach scraps was monitored for two years, a second reef was built by 70 blocks in Mersin Village of Persembe District and has still been monitored. Keywords: Artificial reefs, Black Sea


A hybrid ray-propagator matrix approach can be an efficient, accurate and robust method to seismic modeling of complex stratified reservoirs. The hybrid approach combines wavefront construction (WFC) ray tracing with composite reflection coefficients to generate synthetic seismograms of such reservoir models. The WFC method will efficiently simulate the wave propagation in the geologic layer over a target reservoir, while the composite reflection coefficient obtained by the propagator matrix will model the amplitude of the signal reflected by the stratified reservoir model. The approach is applied to compute synthetic seismograms for test models of turbidite reservoirs in the Ursa field, Gulf of Mexico, validating the new results against exact calculations using the discrete wavenumber method. Comparison of synthetic seismograms between the hybrid approach and exact solutions demonstrates an excellent agreement. Since the total thickness of the turbidite reservoir is relatively thin to the seismic wavelength, the central frequency of the source at 10 and 60 Hz is conducted to discuss the frequency dependence of waveforms in the synthetic seismograms of a thin and complex stratified reservoir. As the source frequency goes higher, the more complex waveforms in the synthetic seismograms. They suggest the internal fluctuation of layering is detectable and the reflections from the top and bottom interfaces are differentiable. The new approach, however, can also be used to generate synthetic seismograms for the laterally heterogeneous, complex stratified reservoir models.


The renewable energy sources or energy storage devices deliver output voltage at the range of around 12 VDC to 48 VDC. In order to obtain at least 350 VDC needed for direct to alternating current conversion the DC/DC power converter should demonstrate significant voltage gain and power conversion efficiency as high as possible. To obtain such level of output voltage at low input voltages transistors of the boost converter must operate with high currents. High efficiency and high voltage gain can be achieved with parallel combination of two or more isolated step-up converters. The converters operate synchronously and in phase, using the same control signals. Balancing transformers are used to ensure the synchronization and equal distribution of current between the power levels. They provide equal distribution of significant input current to a number of smaller current loops. This feature alongside with the use of power MOSFETs with low channel resistance and silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes will reduce losses within the converter and increase the efficiency of entire energy conversion system. This paper presents PSpice simulation results of partial parallel isolated DC/DC boost converter with voltage doubler. In presented circuit high voltage gain and high conversion efficiency were achieved.


BACKGROUND
In April 2017, the Australian Government announced the full subsidy of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to children and young people <21 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CGM on psychosocial outcomes in a T1D pediatric population-based sample.

METHODS
Children with T1D, commencing CGM between June 2017 and January 2018 and their parents were recruited in a prospective cohort study in a tertiary pediatric hospital in Western Australia. Parents and children over 12 years self-completed questionnaires at onset of CGM and two months later, on Fear of Hypoglycemia (FOH) and Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction (DTS). Parents provided measures of sleep quality. Children completed the Gold hypoglycemia awareness score. HbA1c values were compared at baseline and follow-up.

RESULTS
Sixty parents and 38 children provided measures at baseline (BL) and follow-up (FU). Parental total FOH decreased (mean score BL vs FU; 50.0 vs 44.3, p=0.004) with reduction in the Worry sub-score (28.2 vs 24.2, p=0.004). Furthermore, parental and child DTS increased. Parental sleep quality improved (p<0.001) and overnight finger prick testing decreased (p<0.001). Impaired hypoglycemic awareness decreased in children (26.3% vs 10.5%, p=0.031). HbA1c reduced from 8.4% (68mmol/mol) to 8.1% (65mmol/mol) (p=0.036).

CONCLUSIONS
Introduction of subsidized CGM showed early improvement in psychosocial and glycemic outcomes in patients and their families in Western Australia. Ongoing evaluation is essential to assess whether equitable access to CGM will translate to sustained benefits for Australian T1D pediatric patients. .


The developed RP-HPLC technique lets in speedy and particular omeprazole and domperidone determinations, the goal of the current painting is to improve and extend the chromatographic circumstances, to broaden RP-HPLC method. a variety of mobility phases were tested for the duration of technique improvement, some of the numerous cell phases methanol, acetonitrile and phosphate buffer changed into discovered to be a perfect cell phase, because it provided optimal peak forms and high resolution. The go with the flow rate changed into optimized at 0.90 mL/min. The development of the isocratic elution method for omeprazole and domperidone made it perfect for quick and routine analysis. Omeprazole and domperidone linearity and correlation coefficient had been located to be 10 to 50 ug/mL 0.997, and 0.998, respectively. The restriction of detection for omeprazole and domperidone turned into discovered to be 1.78 and 3.15 and the limit of quantification changed into observed to be 544 and 956. With the assay procedure, the methodology has been recognized as accurate. The %assay become determined to be 98 and 73. The evolved technique changed into confirmed to an excellent accuracy and precision. The isocratic elution approach evolved for the dedication of omeprazole and domperidone perfectly suited for rapid and ordinary evaluation. This technique shows that right reproducibility of the effects. moreover this approach become easy, touchy, and accurate. Degradation studies had been accomplished, right here the drug stability outcomes have been within the variety of acceptance standards 85 to 115%. Moreover, this approach was easy, touchy, and correct.


In the Netherlands disaster and crisis management is a local responsibility. The official point of view is that this asks for central controlled collaboration. Authority to enforce this is legally given to the mayor and a dedicated operational leader. Practice however shows that during the acute phase of a disaster or crisis that central controlled coordination cannot be achieved. In this article it is shown that control over the collaboration in the acute phase of a disaster or crisis can only be accomplished in an indirect way via controlled collaboration in the preparatory phase. Practice however shows that in the preparatory phase collaboration of organizations involved in disaster or crisis management is not enforced but based on voluntary actions of these organizations.


The present study have been carried on the thirty one specimens of the rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) collected from the pond near the Kalayat in Kaithal, Haryana, India. The total fish length ranged between 24.6-40.3 cm and the total weight of the fish varies between 190-455 gms. The present studies on Labeo rohita (Hamilton) from the pond near Kalayat in Kaithal, Haryana, shows a negative allometric growth pattern with 'b' value 2.263.


This paper describes an experiment into detecting pollution of water and food samples with ammonia. The novelty of the work is the use of an electronic nose to measure the smell of the samples, and application of an algorithmic procedure called decision trees to these measurements, in order to determine the presence of ammonia in the samples. The results obtained suggest that an appropriate extension of that method should allow not only for qualitative, but also for quantitative analysis of ammonia pollution in food.


Valuable new insights into promotional culture are being generated by ethnographic excursions into the advertising 'black box'. In media and cultural studies, curiosity about the strategic importance of creativity inputs to commerce energizes the present proliferation of producer-centred perspectives on cultural and service industries, including advertising. A different set of influences is contributing to similar outcomes on the margins of business communication. The relatively recent deployment of anthropologists in advertising and marketing industries has contributed to more reflexive contemplations of institutions and practices than are produced from the more familiar psychological or political economy approaches. They share with cultural studies a concern for the 'actual complexity' of advertising worlds (Miller, in Malefyt & Moeran, 2003, p. 76). These studies also open up a range of interesting new ethical questions and debates about the use of ethnographic methods by advertisers and their agencies. In contrast, innovations in political economy approaches to global advertising overviews are not nearly as exciting, at least not in the


This paper presents an anti-windup gain selection method for a complex vector synchronous frame PI current controller. The complex vector PI current controller is more robust to the parameter variation than the state feedback decoupling PI current controller. The complex vector PI current controller also includes an integral term, which can results in windup problem when the controller is saturated due to physical limitation of the system. Furthermore, even an anti-windup is utilized, inappropriate gain can deteriorate the performance of the current controller. Therefore, appropriate anti-windup gain selection method for a complex vector current controller has been proposed based on the mathematical description of the current control system. The superior performance of the current control system with the proposed anti-windup gain has been verified by the experimental results.


This paper is the second of a two-part discussion on a Formation Flight Guidance, Navigation, and Control solution that introduces a decentralized formation control approach. The previously defined formation framework is expanded and considerations for formation design are discussed, including J2 invariance and collision avoidance. Several mean orbit element controllers are discussed that control the relative formation in mean orbit element space. These controllers are tested with perfect navigation, and combined with the previously developed consensus algorithm. Discussion on the relative performance of the combined control and consensus simulation compared to the control with perfect navigation is presented. This is a key issue in the future use of a control scheme on a distributed formation.


This study evaluated 10-month-old infants to determine if supependymal or mild intraventricular hemorrhage (S/IVH) affects visual attention, visual memory, or memory for location. Thirty premature infants with normal ultrasound scans, 30 premature infants with S/IVH, and 30 full-term infants were evaluated on a habituation/novelty preference task, the AB object permanence task, and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development


The strength of nationalism can be explained in terms of the malleability of the concept of the nation, which can be defined in very different ways, with consequently varying political implications. Socialism, in theory and practice, has had to respond to the appeal and force of nationalism. One possible response has been to take over and develop a form of left-wing nationalism, and this is illustrated by examples taken primarily from French socialist thought in the period before 1914. Such a form of socialist nationalism has its strengths, both theoretical and practical; but it also involves problems, notably the difficulty of maintaining the separation of a nationalism of the left from a right-wing nationalism with its anti-socialist and antidemocratic appeals.


Why is the most significant source of human exposure to ionising radiation - and one that is so easy to reduce - not accorded the attention it deserves from those engaged in radiological protection nor the action it requires from those affected by it at work or at home? There are, after all, clear indications that high levels of radon exist and firm strands of evidence that radon causes cancer. Some national and international authorities have even developed regulations and recommendations to limit exposures. But radon still lies in the penumbra of protection because proponents of intervention lack conviction and opponents are full of passionate intensity. Little wonder that citizens are confused!


This paper analyzes the water pollution status of surface water and underground water in Qiqihar urban and suggests more than 4 measures about gross control of implementing industry waste water draining.


The world has now fully transitioned into the computing era, especially with the emergence of Cloud Computing. Technologies like wireless sensor networks and RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) are prepared to take on new tasks. A significant amount of data is generated, acquired, and stored to take control of our lives and make them more comfortable and secure. The use of various machine learning techniques and large data processing is made possible by cloud computing technologies. The Internet of Things (IoT) system connects various things, objects, and sensors using a cloud-based universal global neural network. Cloud computing and the Internet of Things are quickly developing services with unique characteristics. With the recent growth of cloud computing and IoT-based smart applications, data production, data integrity, confidentiality, authentication, and verification have become more crucial. Nowadays, every business demands that its data be updated in the cloud to be accessed from anywhere. In this regard, people can easily access the internet on their computers and smartphones in most countries, making online information transmission much simpler and more affordable. The author's goal in this project is to develop a smart vehicle tracking system that will help universities, colleges, malls, etc. to monitor incoming and outgoing vehicles, within and out of time, and vehicle owners' details on one website. This project introduces a novel algorithm that delivers real-time information about the vehicles (vehicle in time, out time, current date & owner details) and all the information stored on the cloud so anyone can show all the real-time information. Key Words: JavaScript, HTML, CSS, RFID, IoT, Cloud Computing, ARDUINO.


What do we know about nuclei? The literature of the last 20 or 30 years contains a wealth of fascinating detail about their structure, their energy levels and single particle aspects, their collective motion, and the way they interact with each other in collisions. Both the quantity and detail of the experimental data, and the sophistication of some of the theory is impressive. Yet what we know about nuclei concerns their properties at only one point on the graph of the equation of state of nuclear matter which is illustrated in Fig. 1. Aside from the trivial point at the origin, and the energy per nucleon at normal density, the curve drawn is a guess. The point where it crosses the axis at {rho}/{rho}{sub 0} {approx} 2 is based on nuclear matter calculations. We do not even know the curvature (compressibility) at normal density. Virtually everything we know about nuclei concerns their normal state. Some interesting possibilities for the state of nuclear matter at high density are illustrated in Fig. 1. The Lee-Wick super dense state is illustrated, as is the effect of a phase transition, corresponding to a situation where a state of special correlation having the quantum numbersmore » of the pion (pion condensate) becomes degenerate with ground state. Perhaps the ultimate goal of research with relativistic energy nuclei is to study nuclear matter under abnormal conditions of high particle and energy density. This is a break from the past. Nuclear physicists have concentrated on studying nuclei under normal conditions of low energy and temperature. High energy physicists have concentrated on putting higher and higher energy into a small volume. We do not know what surprises await us, but several possible rewards are mentioned in this paper. To make it plausible why we expect to encounter new and interesting phenomena it is useful to examine Fig. 2, prepared by Swiatecki. There the projectile mass for a symmetric collisions is plotted on one axis, and a bombarding energy per nucle on the other. The shaded areas indicate thresholds where qualitatively new physical features take over. The low energy region is the domain of conventional nuclear physics, and is being intensively studied at many laboratories. The region immediately adjacent to the x-axis extending to very high energies is the domain of particle physics, studied at the very large accelerators. Most of the plane is completely unknown territory. We discuss briefly the thresholds following the subsonic region of conventional nuclear physics.« less


Dealing with the problem of lacking high availability in trust services under hosting cloudcomputing environment,an time effectiveness strategy and an time effectiveness model for hostingcloud computing were proposed from the perspective of service evaluation in trust.It dynamically calculate trustworthiness degree of hosting cloud service node by utilizing thresholdmethods,IOWA(induce ordered weighted averaging)operators,transparent trust evaluation and dynamic level scheduling algorithm.Our experimental results showed that this hosting cloud time effectiveness strategy can choose high credibility service resources in priority,and enhanced the stability and availability of cloud services application to some extent.


MacDougal, in his valuable paper ('2I), gives striking instances of the vital influence of the habitat upon the growth-forms of plants, which he summarizes in the statement: "The plants transferred developed in some cases rootstocks, shoots and flowers notably different from those of their native habitats." No such experimental research has been carried out in New Zealand, though the material offered by the indigenous plants is eminently suitable. The phenomenon of form-plasticity is clearly shown in a large number of species of the flora, there being many capable of assuming most diverse forms consonant with varying environmental conditions, and some two hundred having long-persisting juvenile forms distinct from those of the adults. Field studies and garden experiments have been carried out for many years by Cockayne, who has amassed a wealth of information that is recorded in various papers, of which the classic " Observations concerning Evolution, derived from Ecological Studies in New Zealand " ('I2), may be cited. He sums up his observations on the plasticity of species with the remark: "it may quite well be asserted that absolute fixity does not exist. It seems to me that all that can be done is to consider as 'normal' those forms which predominate and represent the general growth-form of the bulk of the individuals; but assuredly it no few cases there is no normal form at all." Further information is given in his book on the vegetation of New Zealand ('21), of which a second edition is in active preparation. The present paper gives an account of one of Nature's experiments that I have recently examined. The association occurs on the coastal slope of a windswept hill at about 300 m. altitude on the western coast of the North Island, some 20 kilometers north of the city of Wellington. It comes under the designation of scrub, as that term is limited by Cockayne ('21, p. 84) to refer to a close growth of shrubs or stunted trees whose branches often intermingle. The rainfall of the area averages some I25 cm. fairly evenly distributed throughout the year. The locality is exposed to very frequent winds, often of gale strength, from the sea. The slopes were formerly clad in coastal forest, many patches of which remain in a much modified condition, especially in the gullies; but the greater part has been removed and replaced by grassland, originally of exotic species, but now mainly dominated by the indigenous Danthonia pilosa. A further succession occurs in places to Leptospermum scoparium thicket, wind-


To provide an epidemiologic description of Kikuchi‐Fujimoto disease (KFD), and to describe its relationship with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a population of sub‐Saharan origin.


A method for controlling a transmission of a vehicle equipped with an electronic gear range selection system vehicle includes receiving an electronic request, to actuate a gear parking system. A speed of the vehicle is detected to each of a plurality of different speed sensors, to define a plurality of different detected vehicle speeds. Each of the plurality of different speed sensors provides a detected vehicle speed, which is independent and separate from the detected vehicle speed from all the other speed sensors. All the different vehicle speeds detected by the plurality of speed sensors are compared to determine the lowest detected vehicle speed. If the lowest detected vehicle speed is equal to or lower than a maximum permissible operating speed, an electronic signal is sent to the gear parking system to operate the gear parking system of the transmission control unit.


Objective: To investigate the sensory integration dysfunction circumstance of the school age children in different areas in Henan,research and improve the judge criterion.Methods: Randomly fix-group investigating the children from the first grade to the fifth grade,and disposing the assessing ration table with the statistics.Results: The results showed that the prevalence were 37.60% among the 3588 school age children in Henan.Conclusion: The prevalence of boys is more than that of the girls;the prevalence between the age groups is same;the prevalence of the different areas is clearly difference;the appraisement-mark judge criterion is better than the standard-mark judge criterion.


The evaluation grade of estuarine wetland is divided into 5 levels with the reference to the "STANDARDS OF SURFACEWATER ENVIRONMENT QUALITY GB3838-2002".Membership function of each element is determined by" trapezoidal distribution"which is used in the fuzzy distribution curve.Based on the over standard condition of the pollutant select evaluation factor and weight,using fuzzy transformation and maximum membership degree law,evaluation grade was determined and a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was developed for water environmental quality evaluation of estuary wetland,and then the water environmental quality of shuang tai-zi estuarine wetland was evaluated as an example for demonstration.The conclusion showed that shuang tai-zi estuarine wetland water quality grade was Ⅳ.The water environment quality was bad.


From our national statistics, it is evident that in the population of physicists there are considerably fewer women than men. Our role is to attract girls to physics and thus decrease this gap. The institutional structure in Egypt provides an equal opportunity for girls to study sciences, including physics. It is reckoned that girls refrain from studying physics due to a group of social and economic factors. We will discuss teaching physics at schools and present some ideas to develop it. The media should play a role in placing female physicists in the spotlight. Unfortunately, careers that require intellectual skills are considered men's careers. This necessitates that society changes the way it sees women and trusts more in their skills and talents. We therefore call for the cooperation of governmental and nongovernmental bodies, together with universities and the production sectors involved. This will ultimately lead to enhancing the entrepreneurial projects related to physics and technology on the one...


To investigate the age‐stratified prevalence of erectile dysfunction (ED) and its comorbidities, and to assess the population's knowledge, utilization, and general attitude towards the treatment for ED.


The spatial variability of exchangeable magnesium content in0-20cm horizon in cultivated soils of Shenyang suburbs,Liaonˉing,China,was investigated,and its distribution map was drawn by the methods of geostatistics combined with geographic information system.Data of exchangeable Mg fitted normal distribution,and semivariogram fitted a spherical model.The semivariogram indicated that exchangeable Mg content was mediately spatially dependent with the ratio of nugget to sill of55.0%,its spatially dependent range was73.1km,and structural factors that affected its spatial variability were parent materials,river location and soil types.


Objective : To understand the care needs of women in climacteric with Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH).  Method : this is qualitative research developed in 21 Family Health Units (FHUs), during April and June 2019. Fifteen women between 40 and 69 years old participated; with a referred diagnosis of SAH, attached to the FHUs and who reported not using hormonal contraceptives. We used semi-structured interviews, followed by the construction and return of narratives, with participatory analysis.  Results : care needs included management of signs and symptoms; monitoring blood pressure levels, effectiveness, and treatment adherence; guidance on food choices; search for reliable information, and active listening. The perception of the nurse's work referred to individual and punctual care.  Conclusion : the climacteric is experienced differently and the needs of women show different possibilities for improving care. This identification allows the nurse to develop individualized care and adapted to the demands of women.


The influences of Nuclear Plus on the changes of High-energy Phosphate of rat skeletal muscle were studied in this paper. The rats performed three 2-minute high-speed running. ATP and PCr of Gastrocnemius muscle were examined 24h after exercise. The results showed that the concentration of ATP was remarkable higher than placebo group and Complex Creating group (p0.01) that the concentration of PCr of Nuclear Plus group was remarkable higher than placebo group (p0.01). The results indicate that Nuclear Plus is capable of accelerating the production speed of ATP and increasing the capacity of PCr of rat skeletal muscle.


To assess the changes of spot urinary sodium and potassium and blood pressure (BP) throughout pregnancy and their correlations in southern Thailand.


Recommending the adequate query in search engine for a specific user on the web is still a challenge even for recommender systems today with social networks incorporated. In this paper we present a query recommender that in addition to relying on similarity of the actual query posted by current user to queries in a query log in search engine, it also bases on social network analysis (SNA) to first find most similar users to the current user based on their profiles, and then recommend their most similar queries to current user. Calculation of the similarity of users follows an existing approach for Points of Interest (POIs) recommendation, which applies certain SNA ranking algorithms over concurrent users based on their social profiles in the login session.


The author proposes that teachers of Polish as a foreign language should keep track of the development of contemporary general linguistics. However, in the process they need to focus on the specific problems of Polish while initiating students only into the necessary general linguistic knowledge, using it first and foremost to draw the students' attention to their own native language, in order to be able to compare it with the second language. An important premise of the proposed method is that when teaching any foreign language we should constantly revisit traditional grammatical theory and terminology. In this way, conflicts resulting from differences between knowledge of one's national language and a foreign language may be avoided. A specialist in a foreign language should be able to describe it in such a way that people who do not yet know either this language or its respective grammatical terminology are able to build in their minds some representation of it comparable to other languages they already know. Unfortunately, in contemporary general linguistics we do not usually have at our disposal concepts and theories for adequate description of a great variety of languages (except in fields such as phonology and morphology). Therefore, the final and decisive element of successful learning of a foreign language remains the passion and commitment of the learners themselves..


Network Virtualization has gained prominent attention in the recent years, not only from the academia, but also from the Industry, mainly due to its numerous features such as flexibility, programmability, elasticity and dynamicity. One of the key assets with Network Virtualization is the ability to move components of the virtual network, or even the entire virtual network, from one or several physical hosts to others in real-time and seamlessly to the end-users. This paper addresses virtual resource mobility from a new perspective: it proposes Virtual Network (VN) Clone migration, which requires no assumptions regarding the protocols running inside the virtual networks or its own architectures, leaving space for different types of protocols and architectures to be implemented, tested and used in production scenarios. The results are very promising: the VN Clone migration achieves no VN downtimes and it takes just a few seconds to be fully performed. This makes the VN Clone approach suitable both for non-real time traffic and voice over IP communications.


This study explores the interaction between economic inequality and political conflict in Africa. It investigates the relationship between economic inequality and political conflict in Africa and assesses how political conflicts affect economic inequality. The study also examines the role of political leaders in addressing conflicts in Africa. The study employs a qualitative research method, conducting a systematic literature review to gather and evaluate relevant studies on economic inequality and political conflict in Africa. The study applies the Human Needs theory, developed by John Burton, as a theoretical framework to comprehend the underlying causes of conflicts. This theory highlights unmet fundamental human needs like security, recognition, identity, and livelihood. The findings of the research indicate that economic inequality significantly contributes to political conflict in Africa, and conflicts have adverse effects on the African economy. The study recommends that policymakers in Africa should implement policies promoting economic equality to mitigate conflicts, and political leaders should take proactive measures to resolve conflicts on the continent.

https://iiardjournals.org/get/IJSSMR/VOL. 9 NO. 6 2023/The Intersection of Economic.pdf


The flowering behaviour of different litchi cultivars was studied at the Fruit Research Station, Gurdaspur during 1977. Litchi cultivars, namely, Calcutta Late, Dehradun, Hong Kong, Muzaffarpur, Rose Scented, Saharanpur, seedless Early, Seedless Late, Seedless No. 1 and Seedless No. 2 were included in the present study. Anthesis started with the appearance of staminate flowers followed by pistillate hermaphrodite and staminate hermaphrodite flowers. Seedless Late cultivar had no staminate flowers. Anthesis continued for 11 to 17 days in different litchi cultivars and most part of it occurred in the day time, maximum number of pistillate hermaphrodite flowers were observed in cultivars Saharanpur, Calcutta Late, Muzaffarpur and Seedless Late. The male/female ratio was the minimum in Seedless No. 1 and the minimum in cultivar Muzaffarpur.


A series of high-energy, up to 20 keV, displacement cascades in iron have been investigated for times up to 200 ps at 100 K using the method of molecular dynamics simulation. Thesimulations were carried out using the MOLDY code and a modified version of the many-bodyinteratomic potential developed by Finnis and Sinclair. The paper focuses on those results obtained at the highest energies, 10 and 20 keV. The results indicate that the fraction of the Frenkel pairs surviving in-cascade recombination remains fairly high in iron and that the fraction of the surviving point defects that cluster is lower than in materials such as copper. In particular, vacancy clustering appears to be inhibited in iron. Some of the interstitial clusters were observed to exhibit an unexpectedly complex, three-dimensional morphology. The observations are discussed in terms of their relevance to microstructural evolution and mechanical property changes in irradiated iron-based alloys.


In this paper, double layered rib knitted, glass fabric-reinforced epoxy laminates made of untwisted roving and twisted ply yarns are investigated for their tensile, flexural, and impact properties. The effect of stacking sequence [0/0 and 0/90] and the introduction of inlay fiber strands on the above-mentioned properties are also studied. Introduction of inlays leads to superior mechanical properties in the coursewise direction compared to that in the walewise direction. Impact property of the 0/90 stacking sequence was found to be superior compared to that of the 0/0 sequencing. Composites reinforced with twisted ply yarns result in slightly lower mechanical properties compared to the mechanical properties of laminates reinforced with untwisted roving strands.


In this work we obtain some new oscillation criteria for certain delay partial difference equations with continuous arguments by some new techniques. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. MSC: 39A10


The performance of a serially concatenated system which includes a channel with memory precoded by a precoder as a rate one inner coder is presented. The effect of different precoders on the maximum likelihood bit error performance is analyzed. The precoder weight gain is identified through a union bound analysis. It is shown that the choice of precoders is critical for a given channel to achieve a good bit error rate performance. Several important design considerations for the choice of precoders are derived based on analysis and these are confirmed through simulations with iterative decoding algorithm.


Abstract The American Civil Rights Movement has often been misrepresented in textbooks, children's literature, and other curricular materials. With knowledge of the ongoing curricular distortion around Black history in P-12 curricula in mind, this article explores how a commonly used social studies curriculum, Studies Weekly ®, represents the Civil Rights Movement in its Standing for Freedom Civil Rights curriculum package. Through a quantitative and qualitative content analysis, we reveal how the Studies Weekly ® Civil Rights Curriculum distorts the Civil Rights Movement history by centering a White ally, Joan Trumpauer Mulholland. Ultimately the curricular materials portray Mulholland as a central figure in the movement, thereby marginalizing Black activists and offering a narrative of the movement that relies nearly exclusively on Mulholland's life and experiences. In doing so, we conclude, the Studies Weekly ® curriculum does harm to the civic learning and potential of all students by failing to offer an appropriate vision of White allyship and activism.


An atomizing humidifier nozzle and connected solenoid operated valve are secured as a unit to a box through an adjustable connection which allows the nozzle to assume various angular positions in one plane forwardly of the box as where the nozzle is projecting into a warm air furnace plenum. A thermostat on the forward face of the box is exposed directly to the heat of the plenum. A stepped flange on the forward face of the box along one edge thereof cooperates with a mounting strip bridging an opening in a wall of the furnace plenum to form a convenient hinged connection between such wall and the box, allowing the box to be swung to an inspection and maintenance position. The box can be indexed in ninety degree increments on the plenum wall by relocation of the mounting strip to provide universality in the positioning of the humidifier nozzle on various furance and plenum configurations.


This paper reports a 6.1 GHz wideband solidly-mounted acoustic filter based on the novel LiNbO3-on-SiC (LNOSiC) substrate for the first time. The well-confined S0 mode waves with high phase velocity and large electromechanical coupling (k2t) in LNOSiC were theoretically and experimentally investigated. Compared with conventional surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators, the resonators using the S0 mode in the transferred single crystal LiNbO3 thin film offer 1.5- to 1.8-fold higher frequencies and 2- to 3-fold larger k2t, thus enabling 6-GHz filters with a fractional bandwidth of more than 7%. The newly proposed S0 mode devices on the LNOSiC substrate break the frequency limitation (~ 3 GHz) of conventional SAW devices, which are promising for compact, high frequency and large bandwidth 5G RF front-ends.


Type I IFN signaling has recently been shown to be detrimental to the host during infection with Chlamydia muridarum in both mouse lung and female genital tract. However, the pattern recognition receptor and the signaling pathways involved in chlamydial-induced IFN-β are unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated no role for TLR4 and a partial role for MyD88 in chlamydial-induced IFN-β. In this study, we demonstrate that mouse macrophages lacking TLR3, TRIF, TLR7, or TLR9 individually or both TLR4 and MyD88, still induce IFN-β equivalent to wild type controls, leading to the hypothesis that TLR-independent cytosolic pathogen receptor pathways are crucial for this response. Silencing nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 in HeLa cells partially decreased chlamydial-induced IFN-β. Independently, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of the stimulator of IFN gene (STING) protein in HeLa cells and mouse oviduct epithelial cells significantly decreased IFN-β mRNA expression, suggesting a critical role for STING in chlamydial-induced IFN-β induction. Conversely, silencing of mitochondria-associated antiviral signaling proteins and the Rig-I–like receptors, RIG-I, and melanoma differentiation associated protein 5, had no effect. In addition, induction of IFN-β depended on the downstream transcription IFN regulatory factor 3, and on activation of NF-κB and MAPK p38. Finally, STING, an endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein, was found to localize in close proximity to the chlamydial inclusion membrane during infection. These results indicate that C. muridarum induces IFN-β via stimulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 pathway, and TLR- and Rig-I–like receptor-independent pathways that require STING, culminating in activation of IFN regulatory factor 3, NF-κB, and p38 MAPK.


Abstract Turkey supports a major wintering population of the Dalmatian pelican, Pelecanus crispus. A significant reduction in numbers has been recorded between the periods 1969–1974 and 1986–1990. ...


Objective:To investigate the changes of asymmetric ultrastructure and learning memory of chronic mild unpredictable stress depressed rats.Methods:25 Adult,male twenty-five Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were assigned randomly to two groups including normal control group(n=10)and stressed group(n=10)matched for weight.The depression model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress and single house for 21 days.The rat's body weight,open-field test,absolute and relative volume of sucrose intake,all were recorded before CMUS and 21d after CMUS.After the step-through test,the rats were sacrificed and hippocampus were taken out.Ultrastructural changes of the prepared samples were observed under a transmission electron microscope.Results:The chronic mild stress depressed rats has a significant decrease in memory retention and a significant increase in the errorless scores of the entries into the dark compartment.The evident changes of the ultrastructre have taken place in the nerve cell and perineuronal oligodendrocyte of the left side of hippocampus of the chronic mild stress depressed rats.Distinct dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum,occurrence of numerous secondary lysosomes were found there.However,the trauma of the hippocampus of the right side is less serious than the left side.Conclusions:The chronic mild stress depressed rats has a significant decrease in the ability of learning memory and it may be concerned with the trauma of the hippocampus.The traumas present the asymmetry of the hippocampus.


The time domain Langevin kernels necessary for the treatment of inelastic gas–solid surface collisions are examined for several model systems. General techniques are presented for construction of these time domain kernels. A preliminary examination of results for disordered lattices is made.


PCIe-attached solid-state drives offer high throughput and large capacity at low cost. Modern servers can easily host 4 or 8 such SSDs, resulting in an aggregated bandwidth that hitherto was only achievable using DRAM. In this paper we study how to exploit such Directly-Attached NVMe Arrays (DANA) in database systems. We find that DANA presents new challenges that require rethinking the way I/O operations are performed at both the database and operating system layer.


One of the best proofs that Dr. Barlow's work is a good one, is that, notwithstanding the many standard works in existence on the practice of medicine, it has already reached a second edition. The descriptions of disease are clear, and the treatment recommended is for the most part judicious, being based upon great practical experience. We think, however, that the work is perhaps more suited to the practitioner than to the student, as Dr.


: Although, proper nutritional status supports healthy aging, the risk malnutrition increases markedly among institutionalized elderly. Therefore, assessment of nutritional status is a crucial nursing role for early detection, providing optimal care and promoting elderly nutritional status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess nutritional status of institutionalized elderly and recommend a plan of care. A descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. A multistage cluster random sample of 100 institutionalized elderly was selected from 4 geriatric homes. Data collection tools: 1- an interviewing schedule to fill in a two parts structured questionnaire including: a-personal and medical data, duration of institutionalization, and elderly nutritional status complains and b- dietary assessment; 2-Anthropometric measurement of elderly; 3- An observational checklist for physical signs of malnutrition; and 4- Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) standardized scale. Results : the current study showed that the mean age of elderly was 68.9 ± 6.37; more than one third (35%) of institutionalized elderly were at risk for malnutrition and nearly one third (28%) were malnourished. Significant statistical relationships were found between MNA scores categories, age and oral health problems (P< at 0.01, & 005 respectively) and gastrointestinal health problems ( = 10.47, P < 0.00) 2 and duration of institutionalization ( = 1.451, P< 0.005) and numbers of medications ( = 1.356 P<0.001). 2


The influence of hydrogen-charging on microstructure and microhardness of a high-nitrogen austenitic Fe– 19Cr–21Mn–1.5V–0.3C–0.8N (wt. %) steel processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) was investigated. X-rays diffraction data indicate that hydrogenation of HPT-deformed specimens leads to an additional broadening of X-rays lines and their shifting, which testify to the formation of the stacking-faults and high residual stresses. Hydrogen-charging of HPT-processed steel promotes to γ–e martensitic transformation. Due to hydrogen-induced phase hardening, the microhardness of HPT-deformed specimens increases up to 6.8 GPa in hydrogen-charged condition (6.5 GPa in hydrogen-free one). After following exposure of hydrogen-charged specimens for 170 h at air condition, the release of hydrogen atoms occurs, and the X-rays lines shift back to positions corresponded to hydrogen-free HPT-processed specimens.The influence of hydrogen-charging on microstructure and microhardness of a high-nitrogen austenitic Fe– 19Cr–21Mn–1.5V–0.3C–0.8N (wt. %) steel processed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) was investigated. X-rays diffraction data indicate that hydrogenation of HPT-deformed specimens leads to an additional broadening of X-rays lines and their shifting, which testify to the formation of the stacking-faults and high residual stresses. Hydrogen-charging of HPT-processed steel promotes to γ–e martensitic transformation. Due to hydrogen-induced phase hardening, the microhardness of HPT-deformed specimens increases up to 6.8 GPa in hydrogen-charged condition (6.5 GPa in hydrogen-free one). After following exposure of hydrogen-charged specimens for 170 h at air condition, the release of hydrogen atoms occurs, and the X-rays lines shift back to positions corresponded to hydrogen-free HPT-processed specimens.


Opportunities for community employment of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities are limited, and have not improved over the past quarter century of interest and effort. This report provides the findings from an outcome study of this issue. Twenty-seven people with intellectual and developmental disability, residents in Kent County, Michigan, USA, chose to engage in microenterprise and became the basis of this study. We measured changes in the qualities and quantities of work life. Participants reported enhanced quality of work life in most of the 17 areas. Their overall "scale score" significantly increased by 26 points on a 100-point scale. The support workers' data revealed significantly enhanced quality of work life in 5 of 14 areas, and their overall scale increase of 6 points approached statistical significance. Preliminary findings are regarded as encouraging, particularly because statistics on competitive and supported employment have not improved in 25 years. Microenterprise offers an alternative that promises to be satisfying, meaningful, enjoyable, and may cost significantly less to implement than traditional sheltered workshops and adult day activity centers.


We aimed to describe population structure and dynamics of Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze to test the hypothesis that this species survives in the forest by forming a seedling bank. We evaluated seed germination, spatial distribution, and recruitment, growth and mortality rates of young individuals. To characterize population structure a 1.2-ha plot was defined, where reproductive adults were mapped; also 100 6 m2 sub-plots were established to characterize structure and monitor dynamics of young individuals. We estimated seed production using seed collectors and determined the percentage of canopy cover by hemispherical photographs. Seed rain and saplings showed clustered distribution indicating habitat-patch formation. Sapling mortality occurred mainly during the initial establishment phase. Size structure was characterized by many saplings (X = 9,763 individuals ha-1) and few adults (X = 5 individuals ha-1), associated with a high rate of seed production (X = 60,800 seeds ha-1), low growth rates (X = 2.37 cm ano-1) and mortality (15.66%) of established saplings, showing that species invest in seedling bank formation as a reproductive strategy.


We have successfully achieved a 1.3 µm InGaAsP/InP BH laser with multiquantum well active layers grown by low-temperature LPE technique (Tg=589°C). The thickness of thin epitaxial layers was less than de Broglie wavelength. The laser has a threshold current of 19 mA, an external differential quantum efficiency of ∼40%, and T0 value of ∼145 K in the range from -5°C to 20°C and ∼60 K from 20°C to 70°C.


To describe a novel method (Fetal Intelligent Navigation Echocardiography (FINE)) for visualization of standard fetal echocardiography views from volume datasets obtained with spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC) and application of 'intelligent navigation' technology.


Environments where read-only transactions predominate update transactions are considered. The notion of a group in replicated databases, the recognition of which maximizes the data availability for read-only transactions in error-prone environments, is developed. It is shown that the group identification problem is NP-complete. Replica control algorithms that attempt to approximately determine groups are presented. In one algorithm, groups are determined dynamically; in the other techniques, groups are predefined. It is shown formally that both approaches yield algorithms that preserve the consistency of the database. In the environments considered, the approaches presented are shown to yield significant improvements over other fault-tolerant replica control algorithms.<<ETX>>


Abstract The concept of regular matrix was introduced by Wilansky which was later used to define regular Tribonacci matrix by Yaying and Hazarika. In this paper, by using the domain of regular Tribonacci matrix A = (ajk) and the concept of ideal convergence, we introduce some intuitionistic fuzzy Tribonacci ideal convergent spaces. We also focus on some topological and algebraic properties of these convergent sequence spaces.


Prostheses based on surface electromyography (sEMG) have been widely used to help amputees in daily life. To guide the manufacture of prostheses based on sEMG, in this paper we used pattern recognition composed of five features and SVM to classify 9 hand movements of 10 healthy subjects after sEMG data preprocessing. Through classification accuracy comparison, we determine the classification of finger movements is the difficulty of prostheses, and 4 or 5 sensor channels are suitable for different prostheses' requirements. Finally, we propose that it is necessary to measure the sEMG signal of amputee for some time to determine the optimal sensor positions when customizing prosthesis.


During our studies, it was fetched out that on the territory of the Tungusky reserve, which is representative of Southern Evenkia, there are 4 species of the genus Cypripedium: C. calceolus, C. macranthon, C. guttatum and C.×ventricosum, confined primarily to warm slopes of hills covered with larch forests. For population-biological studies, 3 model coenopopulations of each species were selected. The ontogenetic spectra of most of the studied populations are vegetatively oriented, although all species also have coenopopulations with a generatively oriented spectrum. Most populations of the studied species are young according to the ∆ - ω classification of L.A. Zhivotovsky, maturing populations were identified only for such species as C. guttatum and C.×ventricosum; the generatively oriented spectrum is typical only for populations of this type.


The efficiency of endotoxin (LPS) and lipid A rejection of polysulfone high-flux dialyzers was investigated in ultrafiltration experiments. To evaluate the safety of high-flux polysulfone membranes, an in vitro circulation system (measuring endotoxin and lipid a penetrate from the dialyzer to the other side and vice-versa), was utilized. Peritoneal dialysis solution was spiked with various concentrations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as lipid A diphosphoryl (E. coli F-583). To monitor the effect of pH on efficiency of polysulfone high-flux hemodialyzers, various pyrogen-free buffer solutions (pH 4.5, 5.5, 6.5, 7.5 and 9.5) were spiked with different concentrations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa endotoxin and E. coli lipid A. Endotoxin and lipid A concentrations were detected by a chromogenic limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL assay). This study clearly demonstrates that polysulfone dialyzers represent an efficient system to obtain an endotoxin and lipid A-free dialysate when contaminated peritoneal solution was circulated through dialysis ultrafilter. It has been also concluded that there was no pH effect on efficiency of high-flux polysulfone membranes in removing of these pyrogenic substances when different contaminated buffer solutions at different pH values were recirculated.


henever Hindus perform worship— whether in Kashmir, Kanyakumari, Kamakhya, or Kachchh—they use tantric modes without even realizing this. Except for Vedic sacrifices, which in any case should not be confused with the common worship of present times, every religious sect in India uses tantric modes of worship for its rituals and spiritual practices, both external and internal. The general body of Hindu ideas, beliefs, and practices are permeated through and through with tantra. The word tantra in Sanskrit is derived from the root tanu that means 'to spread', and derivatively 'origination' and 'knowledge'. Thus 'tantra' means 'the scripture by which knowledge is spread'. Some scholars also think that the word may have been derived by combining the terms tattva, the cosmic principles of Sankhya, and mantra, the mystical sound formulations representing deities; this implies that tantra is the application of the principles of Sankhya, and consequently also of yoga, to attain spiritual enlightenment. The tantras are classed into several sectarian groups: Shaiva, Shakta, Vaishnava, and Ganapatya. We thus have the Shaiva Agamas, Shakta tantras, and the Vaishnava Pancharatra Samhita. On a practical basis, the expression 'tantra' is used generically for all the works of this class. The tantras admit the validity of Vedic rituals, of viveka and vairagya—discernment and renunciation—as prescribed in the Upanishads, the purifying disciplines of raja yoga, and the passionate love for the Divine described in the Puranas. They exhort sadhakas to exercise their will and undertake self-effort even as they practise self-surrender and supplicate for divine grace. The tantras promise their followers not only bhoga, enjoyment of worldly happiness, but also apavarga, liberation. The system acknowledges that the kundalini power can be aroused by sincere pursuit of any spiritual discipline, and that this arousal can bring diverse benefits to all aspirants.


Internal radiation dosimetry has a fundamental and growing role in planning nuclear medicine therapies with radionuclides. The principle of nuclear medicine therapy is to destroy pathologic tissues through the irradiation with the ionizing radiation emitted by properly chosen radionuclides, while preserving other organs and tissues from unnecessary exposure to the same radiation. In order to realize this result, proper pharmaceuticals are chosen with a biodistribution targeted on target tissues, and labelled with a suitably chosen radionuclide. The choice of the best radionuclide is carried on with the aim of maximizing radiation energy deposition in the target tissue during the desired treatment time. Beta-emitters are the best choice in most cases, because beta radiation has a mean range in tissue from few millimetres to few centimetres. Also used are alphaand Auger-emitters, for millimetre and sub-millimetre ranges. The absorbed dose to the target tissues as well as to other organs and tissues depends from the biokinetics of the radiopharmaceutical and from the physical decay scheme of the radionuclide employed. While the physical properties of each nuclide are well known from experimental data, the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical within the patient's body depends on the dynamic biologic pathway that in turns is governed by the role of the molecule, by the characteristics of the patient, by the type and stage of the disease, and by the route of administration. The distribution of radioactivity within the human body must be sampled several times post-administration, by means of planar or tomographic (SPECT or PET) imaging techniques. Tomographic techniques are rapidly substituting planar whole body imaging, since, thanks also to the accurate attenuation correction and image co-registration brought by a simultaneous CT scan, they reach a spatial resolution and an accuracy in activity quantification unprecedented. After a general introduction on dosimetric quantities and their relationships, we focus on the dosimetric anthropomorphic models. We introduce also 3D techniques based on voxel dose factors, convolution of dose point-kernels and direct Monte Carlo computation, focusing on the contribution of Monte Carlo simulation to the development of new and more accurate dosimetric and microdosimetric models for internal dosimetry.


What determines whether someone has a one-sided view of the world or perceives both the negative and positive aspects of something? To understand the factors which determine the extent to which human judgments are absolute we have to take into account studies of conscious and non-conscious information processing (Reber, 1993; Underwood, 1996; Hassin et al., 2005), and implicit and explicit emotions (Zajonc, 1980; Greenwald and Banaji, 1995; Ohme, 2007), which can be interpreted as evaluative processes of different types (Reykowski, 1968; Oatley and Jenkins, 1996; Sander and Scherer, 2009). Understanding human judgment requires a knowledge of psychology and neurobiology (Damasio, 1994; LeDoux, 1996, 2012; Sander et al., 2003; Sander and Scherer, 2009; Armony and Vuilleumier, 2013), both of which help to explain the conditions in which individuals make extreme, absolute evaluations and the mechanisms which enable more complex, moderate and nuanced appraisals.

We argue that models of judgment processes should refer to the dual mind theories (Epstein, 1990; Chaiken and Trope, 1999; Liberman, 2003; Deutsch and Strack, 2006; Kahneman, 2011), and emphasize the distinction between affective (automatic) vs. intellectual (reflective) premises of evaluative appraisals (Jarymowicz and Bar-Tal, 2006; Jarymowicz, 2009; Jarymowicz and Imbir, 2015).


The Municipal Transport Enterprise - Lodz has been operating since January 1993, but the company's roots go back to 1897 when the Municipal Railway Society was established. This article reviews the history of the company and its future plans.


THE sound of tinnitus is most commonly heard only by the ear of those who suffer from it, and its type is variously likened to noises which the sufferers have experienced in their own particular way of life. Very occasionally, however, tinnitus is of the objective type and may be heard also by the ear of the examiner. Such tinnitus is associated with the condition of palatal myoclonus, and was first described by Politzer in 1862 as a clonic spasm of the muscles of the Eustachian Tube (Gallet, 1927), and was recorded by him in the first edition of his textbook in 1878. Palatal myoclonus occurs as involuntary rhythmic contractions of the muscles of the soft palate. It may also involve the muscles of the anterior and posterior faucial pillars and the lateral pharyngeal muscles, and is frequently accompanied by an audible clicking tinnitus. A rarer extension of these involuntary movements is to the muscles of the larynx, floor of the mouth, face and neck and the diaphragm (Franck, Chantraine, Melon, Mouchette, 1965). In a review of the literature in 1961 which produced only 170 cases, Pulec and Simonton (1961) described the rate of involuntary palatal contractions as varying between 10 and 240 per minute. The following two cases of palatal myoclonus present some interesting features in this condition, the aetiology of which is still not clear.


The reaction product of a hydroxy ether and a pentavalent phosphorous compound with a short chain and/or long chain alcohol can be employed to reduce friction loss of organic liquids flowing through a confining conduit by mixing the reaction product with the organic liquid in the presence of a basic multivalent metal salt activator.


The varied nasal passages of dinosaurs suggest perhaps multiple important functions. Reconstructing nasal soft tissues is challenging given that they rarely preserve in fossils. However, the nasal soft‐tissue conformations of the extant relatives of dinosaurs provide key insights. We used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate air movement and test the effects of internal nasal shape on airflow within the nasal passages of representative birds, crocodylians, and lizards. Results revealed an extensive thermoregulatory capacity for each nasal passage along with repeated airway constrictions and baffling via the mucocartilaginous conchae and nasal walls. We incorporated these results into 3D reconstructions of ankylosaur, pachycephalosaur, sauropod, and theropod dinosaurs. CFD analyses of these dinosaur nasal passages, in comparison to extant taxa, uncovered regions of the nasal cavity that likely contained soft tissues (e.g., conchae). Incorporating these soft tissues resulted in airflow patterns more consistent with those of extant amniotes (e.g., substantial olfactory flow). These CFD‐based reconstructions offer new insight into dinosaur nasal physiology. Heat‐transfer potential, coupled with fossil data on blood distribution, indicates that dinosaur noses were capable air conditioners that may have played an integral role in maintaining brain thermal homeostasis.


Abstract : The NATO Reference Mobility Model (NRMM) has traction relationships that describe the performance of vehicles in naturally occurring soils reasonably well, but they have weaknesses stemming primarily from an inadequate consideration of the influence of vehicle characteristics on traction. This research sought to demonstrate the feasibility of developing better traction relationships for NRMM through exploitation of existing data. In order to demonstrate the feasibility, a statistical modeling effort was conducted for developing new traction relationships. The research involved a systematic and extensive exploration of new and old traction modeling concepts that rely on relatively simple characterizations of the vehicle and the soil. The effort concentrated on one-pass vehicle cone index (VCI1) and drawbar performance of pneumatic-tired vehicles on nonslippery, highly plastic clay soils (CH classification). The results demonstrated that better traction relationships can be developed for NRMM and provided new insight into the controlling mechanisms in VCI1 and drawbar performance.


We theoretically introduce a new type of topological dipole solitons propagating in a Floquet topological insulator based on a kagome array of helical waveguides. Such solitons bifurcate from two edge states belonging to different topological gaps and have bright envelopes of different symmetries: fundamental for one component, and dipole for the other. The formation of dipole solitons is enabled by unique spectral features of the kagome array which allow the simultaneous coexistence of two topological edge states from different gaps at the same boundary. Notably, these states have equal and nearly vanishing group velocities as well as the same sign of the effective dispersion coefficients. We derive envelope equations describing components of dipole solitons and demonstrate in full continuous simulations that such states indeed can survive over hundreds of helix periods without any noticeable radiation into the bulk.


In dictionaries of the German language and in a treatise on Arabisms in German Germ. Genette 'genet, genette, Genetta genetta L.' is explained as an Arabism transmitted via Spanish and French assuming the etymon Ar. žarnait 'genet'. This etymological approach however seems to be less plausible for reasons of phonetics, dialect geography and chronology. In the present paper Germ. Genette is classified as an Occitanism transmitted to German via French, Germ. Genettkatze is considered an explicative compound. New High Germ. Ginsterkatze (genistkatze) is interpreted as the result of the Germanization of Germ. genetkatze with interference of folk etymology.


Approved: Sabah Randhawa An evaluation of scheduling heuristics for nonidentical parallel processors was performed. There has been limited research that has focused on scheduling of parallel processors. This research generalizes the results from prior work in this area and examines complex scheduling rules in terms of flow time, tardiness, and proportion of tardy jobs. Several factors affecting the system were examined and scheduling heuristics were developed. These heuristics combine job allocation and job sequencing functions. A number of system features were considered in developing these heuristics, including setup times and processor utilization spread. The heuristics used different sequencing rules for job sequencing including random, Shortest Process Time (SPT), Earlier Due Date (EDD), and Smaller Slack (SS). A simulation model was developed and executed to study the system. The results of the study show that the effect Redacted for Privacy of the number of machines, the number of products, system loading, and setup times were significant for all performance measures. The effect of number of machines was also found to be significant on flow time and tardiness. Several two-factor interactions were identified as significant for flow time and tardiness. The SPT-based heuristic resulted in minimum job flow times. For tardiness and proportion of tardy jobs, the EDDbased heuristic gave the best results. Based on these conclusions, a "Hybrid" heuristic that combined SPT and EDD considerations was developed to provide tradeoff between flow time and due date based measures. ©Copyright by Chun-Ho Kuo September 29, 1994 All Rights Reserved EVALUATION OF SCHEDULING HEURISTICS FOR NON-IDENTICAL PARALLEL PROCESSORS


We demonstrate and analyze using different ISO values to achieve a 100-m long distance visible light camera communication using red/green/blue (RGB) light-emitting-diodes (LEDs).


Abstract Parkinson's is a neurodegenerative condition associated with several motor symptoms including tremors and slowness of movement. Freezing of gait (FOG); the sensation of one's feet being "glued" to the floor, is one of the most debilitating symptoms associated with advanced Parkinson's. FOG not only contributes to falls and related injuries, but also compromises quality of life as people often avoid engaging in functional daily activities both inside and outside the home. In the current study, we describe a novel system designed to detect FOG and falling in people with Parkinson's (PwP) as well as monitoring and improving their mobility using laser-based visual cues cast by an automated laser system. The system utilizes a RGB-D sensor based on Microsoft Kinect v2 and a laser casting system consisting of two servo motors and an Arduino microcontroller. This system was evaluated by 15 PwP with FOG. Here, we present details of the system along with a summary of feedback provided by PwP. Despite limitations regarding its outdoor use, feedback was very positive in terms of domestic usability and convenience, where 12/15 PwP showed interest in installing and using the system at their homes. Implications for Rehabilitation Providing an automatic and remotely manageable monitoring system for PwP gait analysis and fall detection. Providing an automatic, unobtrusive and dynamic visual cue system for PwP based on laser line projection. Gathering feedback from PwP about the practical usage of the implemented system through focus group events.


This study shows the fine-tuning adjustment of copper(ii) complexes by trinitrophenolates and different N-aminotetrazole ligands to applicable highly energetic materials.


We trust that we do not need to persuade readers of this journal that the DSM revision process is unavoidably political (Kirk & Kutchins, 1992; Widiger & Clark, 2000). As Blashfield and Reynolds (2012) observe in their useful and important article in this issue, this is not entirely a bad thing. The "invisible colleges" to which Blashfield and Reynolds refer can assist in achieving group consensus and facilitating rapid research progress. Nevertheless, these shadow committees may sometimes impede long-term scientific knowledge by being closed to alternative viewpoints. One might be tempted to argue that because the DSM revision process involves human beings, who are by their very nature fallible, this enterprise cannot be improved. We respectfully disagree. Although the DSM is inevitably a political document, there may be ways of minimizing the extent to which political considerations override scientific evidence in the process of diagnostic revision. Our thesis is straightforward and perhaps self-evident, but insufficiently emphasized: The DSM revision is not merely a political process, but a social psychological one as well. The diagnostic revision process necessitates an expert grasp of descriptive psychopathology, research methodology, and clinical utility, to be certain, but it would also benefit from a thoughtful consideration of evidence-based perspectives derived from research on group decision making.


Double-via placement is important for increasing chip manufacturing yield. Commercial tools and recent work have done a great job for it. However, they are found with a limited capability of placing more double vias (called vial) between metal 1 and metal 2. Such a limitation is caused by the way we design the standard cells and can not be resolved by developing better tools. This paper presents a double-via-driven standard cell library design approach to solving this problem. Compared to the results obtained using a commercial cell library, our library on average achieves 78% reduction in dead vias and 95% reduction in dead vials at the expense of 11% increase in total via count. We achieve these results (almost) at no extra cost in total cell area and wire length


Construction operations involve complex resource interactions and are typically performed in the field with exogenous factors such as inclement weather conditions and equipment breakdowns. The complexity of resource interactions combined with external factors creates a transient environment for construction operations. This research uses computer simulation techniques and a graphical method, DISCO (Dynamic Interface for Simulation of Construction Operations), for the evaluation of the transient effects of construction operations. DISCO uses the CYCLONE schematic model diagram of a process as the modeling framework and allows breaks or interruptions in the simulation run and stopping of the simulation time clock to investigate the transient states of resources and tasks in a process. The scope of the study focuses mainly on the transient effects caused by the process mobilization of construction operations every day. Two construction operations are used as case studies for the investigation. Results of the study and observations are discussed.


The article deals with the research of the formation of a negative assessment in the semantic structure of zoonyms-pejoratives, which are used for abuse, humiliation of a interlocutor in the German spousal discourse. The research is carried out by means of the cognitive and discursive approach.


Delicts in criminal acts in the field of taxation comply with the lex specialis derogate legi generali principle of the Criminal Code (KUHP) and are included in complex criminal acts in their implementation. Given the violation of criminal acts and there are several offenses in criminal acts of taxation, it is necessary to consider the concept of renewal of a continuing action (one further action) in criminal acts in the field of taxation with the obligation of investigators and public prosecutors to produce case files and indictments that are accurate, clear, and right, which results in the amount or accumulation of imprisonment and fines against a suspect or taxpayer in a fair, legal and efficient manner. Based on the normative juridical method, this study produces two conclusions. First, one follow-up law that has not been regulated directly in criminal provisions in the field of taxation is still under general criminal offenses, namely Article 64 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code. Second, the concept (law) of follow-up action is needed in criminal acts in the field of taxation in Indonesia to be fair to accusations or taxpayers who commit violations and provide legal certainty and legal effectiveness to tax investigators in handling tax crimes which are complex and required to deal with cases carefully, clearly and completely


We consider experimentally the evolution of polarization singularities in singular beams transmitting at some angle to the optical axis of the LiNb03 crystals. We focused our attention on the processes of birth and annihilation of coupled singularities and compared them with those in a computer-simulation experiment. The conditions of the unfolding of the polarization singularities were brought to light. A number of difficulties arising in the course of the experiment are discussed.


Abstract Chemical reagents for serial number restoration are designed to exploit the plastic deformation zone below the obliterated serial number. Most techniques in operational use are variants of Fry's Reagent. This technique uses toxic, corrosive chemicals and requires a skilful operator in the laboratory. Fry's Reagent can also be destructive of the firearm due to rusting. In an attempt to find a non-toxic, non-destructive alternative to Fry's Reagent, this project tested the use of liquid dye penetrants (LDPs), a non-destructive examination technique to detect cracks and imperfections used in the welding industry, for the restoration of obliterated serial numbers. Steel plates bearing an obliterated serial number with a range of obliteration depths were subjected to LDP treatment under various treatment conditions. The results using LDPs were negative for all obliteration depths and all test conditions attempted. Some of the serial numbers were subsequently restored successfully with Fry's reagent, proving that the plastic deformation zone was present on the steel plates below the obliteration. Further work to develop a non-toxic, non-destructive serial number restoration process will be undertaken.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of time delay on the ability of a human operator to complete a task with a teleoperated mobile‐robot using two systems, two different ways of interacting with the mobile‐robots and several different environments.Design/methodology/approach – Teleoperators are observed completing a series of tasks using a joystick to control a mobile‐robot while time delays are introduced to the system. They sit at a computer and view scenes remotely on a screen. Cameras are either mounted on the robot or mounted externally so that they view both the environment and robot. Teleoperators complete the tests both with and without sensors. One robot system uses an umbilical cable and one uses a radio link.Findings – In simple environments, a teleoperator may perform better without a sensor system to assist them but as time delays are introduced then there are more failures. In more complicated environments or when time delays are longer, then teleoperators perfor...


In this study, a lab-on-chip (LOC) system is designed for the cell sensors to provide a high-efficient continuous analysis platform of acute toxicants in water environment. The chip is composed of three domains, including counter-flow micromixers, a T-junction droplet generator and time delay channels (TD-Cs). Water sample and bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio Fischeri (VF) are imported into the micromixers before that the droplet generator encapsulates them inside aqueous droplets separated by air. Air flow is the disperse medium, which can guarantee sufficient oxygen supply for the cells in droplets. The system shows high reliability and stability through numerical and experimental investigations.


A key challenge in recommender systems is how to prole new-users. This problem is called cold-start problem or new-user prob- lem. A well-known solution for this problem is to use active learning techniques and ask new users to rate a few items in order to reveal their preferences. Recently, questionnaire trees (tree structures) have been proposed to build such adaptive questionnaires. In this paper, we improve the questionnaire trees by splitting the nodes of the trees in a ner-grained fashion. Specically, the nodes are split in a 6-way manner instead of 3-way split. Furthermore, we compare our approach to on- line updating and show that our method outperforms online updating in order to fold-in the new user into recommendation model. Finally, we develop three simple baselines based on the questionnaire trees and compare them against the state-of-the-art baseline to show that the new- user problem in recommender systems is tough and demands a mature solution.


The title of law process of writing described by the writer is police action in revealing the crime of underage children trade. The content of the problem formulation is what effort conducted by the police unit in order that the underage children trade is revealed as soon as possible and what barrier faced by the police unit in revealing the underage children trade. The aim of this research is to find out the role of police in revealing the crime of underage children trade that is regulated in Regulation on Police force and Regulation on Children in valid, and to find out the obstacles experienced by the police in handling the case of children trade. Type of research conducted in writing the thesis is normative law research, where the normative law research is focusing on secondary data. Research result and decision gained are that the Regulation Number 23 Year of 2002 on Children Protection has clearly regulating starts from children protection until sanction that will be charged towards the abuse of children's rights and Regulation Number 2 Year of 2002 on Republic of Indonesia Police Force that is regulating the work of police force especially the police unit. The effort conducting by the police is by
conducting preventive and repressive effort. The police has committing to reveal the crime of underage children trade but it is not maximum yet. Suggestion given by the writer in this thesis is that the police must commit network with the society and also the parents and giving counseling in order that to protect the underage children.


A direct study of the shape, size and connectivity of nonordered pores in carbon materials is particularly challenging. A new method that allows direct three‐dimensional (3D) investigations of mesopores in monolithic carbon materials and quantitative characterization of their physical properties (surface area and pore size distribution) is reported. Focused ion beam (FIB) nanotomography technique is performed by combination of focused ion beam and scanning electron microscope. Porous monolithic carbon is produced by carbonization of a resorcinol‐formaldehyde gel in the presence of a cationic polyelectrolyte as a pore stabilizer.


Bismuth sodium titanate (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3 powders were prepared by the hydrothermal route with starting chemicals containing Ti (OC4H9)4, Bi (NO3)35H2O as Bi and Ti sources at 180°C for 48 h in a PTFE-lined autoclave. XRD result confirms the formation of a pure pervoskite structure for the synthesized powders. SEM observation shows that the powders consist of spherical particles in the range of 0.2~1.0 μm, exhibiting a mean particle size of 0.5 μm. Compared with (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3 ceramics made by the conventional solid state reaction method, the specimen made by the hydrothermal synthesis method has superior piezoelectric properties with its piezoelectric constant d33 attaining a relatively high value of 78 pC/N.


We use numerical modelling to investigate the development of crustal and mantle detachment faults during lithospheric extension. Our models simulate a wide range of rift systems with varying values of crustal thickness and heat flow, showing how strain localization in the mantle interacts with localization in the upper crust and controls the evolution of extensional systems. Model results reveal a richness of structures and deformation styles, which grow in response to a self-organized mechanism that minimizes the internal stored energy of the system by localizing deformation at different levels of the lithosphere. Crustal detachment faults are well developed during extension of overthickened (60 km) continental crust, even when the initial heat flow is relatively low (50 mW/m2). In contrast, localized mantle deformation is most pronounced when the extended lithosphere has a normal crustal thickness (30-40 km) and an intermediate (60-70 mW/m2) heat flow. Results show a non-linear response to subtle changes in crustal thickness or heat flow, characterized by abrupt and sometime unexpected switches in extension modes (e.g. from diffuse rifting to effective lithospheric-scale rupturing) or from mantle- to crust-dominated strain localization. We interpret this non-linearity to result from the interference of doming wavelengths. Disharmony of crust and mantle doming wavelengths results in efficient communication between shear zones at different lithospheric levels, leading to rupturing of the whole lithosphere. In contrast, harmonious crust and mantle doming inhibits interaction of shear zones across the lithosphere and results in a prolonged rifting history prior to continental breakup. Our model results are discussed in the context of ancient and recent extensional processes in the Australian plate. For example, post-orogenic extensional processes in eastern Papua New Guinea resulted in the development of metamorphic core complexes in the D'Entrecasteaux Islands and the exhumation of Pliocene eclogites below extensional detachments. Unlike typical Basin-and-Range core complexes, the D'Entrecasteaux islands core complexes are underlain by mantle doming, indicating that the process of strain localization was not restricted to the crust.


Morphological studies at the light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy levels of selected fragilarioid diatoms occurring in North American streams and lakes are presented herein. The majority of the samples studied were collected by the US Geological Survey's National Water Quality Assessment Program, which concentrates on stream water quality monitoring throughout the continental USA and Hawaii. Two new species (Staurosirella confusa Morales and Punctastriata mimetica Morales) and a new forma (Pseudostaurosiropsis geocollegarum f. triradiatum Morales) are described and two new combinations (Pseudostaurosira subsalina (Hustedt) Morales and Staurosirella olden‐burgiana (Hustedt) Morales) are provided. Morphological details of an additional taxon, Staurosira construens var. binodis (Ehrenberg) Hamilton in Hamilton et al. are also presented. The taxonomic affinities of all these taxa, as well as some evolutionary aspects and ecologic characteristics, are discussed in the light of published material.


The concept of a knot mosaic was introduced by Lomonaco and Kauffman as a means to construct a quantum knot system. The mosaic number of a given knot $K$ is defined as the minimum integer $n$ that allows the representation of $K$ on an $n \times n$ mosaic board. Building upon this, the first author and Nelson extended the knot mosaic system to encompass surface-links through the utilization of marked graph diagrams and established both lower and upper bounds for the mosaic number of the surface-links presented in Yoshikawa's table. In this paper, we establish a mosaic system for immersed surface-links by using singular marked graph diagrams. We also provide the definition and discussion on the mosaic number for immersed surface-links.


The random arrival pattern of tankers is used to develop arithmetical methods of calculating annual ships delays associated with pre-defined facilities, including--loading rate, service time; number of berths; tankage; pipeline throughput. Factual information from four anonymous terminals is compared with calculated figures. Graphs relating tankage to cargo size for selected ships delays are developed and it is concluded that tankage required is relatively insensitive to annual throughput. The formation of simulation models is discussed. The worked examples are derived from arithmetic logic variously based on--probability; Monte Carlo methods; and queueing theory. These methods are used to test the suppositious export capacity of proposed facilities by trial and error, using unsophisticated methods of calculation.


ness correspondence and writing principles, but &dquo;technology and international dimensions ... showed the largest increase in emphasis&dquo; (p. 154). In 1987, Penrose, Bowman, and Flatley surveyed ABC members about the impact microcomputers were having on teaching and concluded &dquo;business communication instructors do not seem to be keeping pace with actual business application of communication technology&dquo; (p. 88). Some five years later, the question &dquo;Are we keeping pace?&dquo; could still be asked. In the September 1991 issue of The Bulletin of the Association for Business Communication, Tovey stated that &dquo;Since computers, their software, and desktop publishing programs are more accessible and more affordable for students and


The rapid spread of mobile devices such as smartphones, the paradigm of mobile sensing has attracted much attention from many different areas including disaster mitigation, public health, urban planning and so on [1]. As for estimating the scalar or vector field mobile sensing is relatively lower-costed and offers better spatial resolution of result compared to conventional stationary sensor. There is, however, still no practical methods for determining the placement of sensors in such a system for dynamic environment. For example, [2, 3] suggests the method of node movement but it regards the parameter being measured is time-invariant.


Adding in a few basic creature comforts can make your practice more comfortable for patients (and more profitable for you).


This research assesses the education quality factors in secondary schools using a business intelligence approach. We operationalize each layer of the business intelligence framework to identify the stakeholders and components relevant to education quality. The resulting Education Quality Indicator (EQI) framework consists of seven Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and is measured through twenty-eight Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). The EQI framework was evaluated through expert interviews and a survey, and uncovers that the most important factor in assuring education quality is a teacher's ability to communicate with students. Furthermore, a feasibility analysis was conducted in a Dutch student monitoring information system. The results pave the way towards attainable and data-driven innovation in secondary education towards personalized student and teacher performance management using business intelligence technologies, which may ultimately integrate a wide variety of data sources from environmental sensors to wearables to optimally understand each individual student and teacher.


Author(s): Mondesire, Zachary | Advisor(s): Appael, Hannah C; Pierre, Jemima | Abstract: The world's newest state, South Sudan, became independent in July 2011. In 2013, after the outbreak of the still-ongoing South Sudanese civil war, the UNHCR declared a refugee crisis and continues to document the displacement of millions of South Sudanese citizens. In 2016, Crazy Fox, a popular South Sudanese musician, released a song entitled "Ana Gaid/I am staying." His song compels us to pay attention to those in South Sudan who have chosen to stay, or to return and still other African regionals from neighboring countries to arrive. The goal of this thesis is to explore the "Crown Lodge," a hotel in Juba, the capital city of South Sudan, as one such site of arrival, return, and staying put. Paying ethnographic attention to site enables us to think through forms of spatial belonging in and around the hotel that attached racial meaning to national origin and regional identity.


Dreader who looks at this article as I do from an evaluation policy perspective is likely to have several highly pleasurable reactions. First, the article documents progress that has been and is being made in performing policy experiments. Second, the position taken by the authors on the feasibility of experimentation is realistic in recognizing practical constraints on experimentation and the need for


Summary Concurrent disorders with diabetes mellitus is one of the most challenging subject. Our knowledge of the most common concurrent disorders in diabetic dogs may be useful in diagnosis of these disorders and better treatment of diabetic dogs. In this study diabetes mellitus was diagnosed in a 7-year-old male German shepherd dog, based on clinical and laboratory findings. Following the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, insulin therapy was started and blood glucose concentration reached to the accepted level. Eleven months later the dog was presented again with acute episodes of collapse and hypoglycaemia. The owner noted that there was no change in the animal's routine insulin treatment programme and the dog had received his daily insulin injections. Further ancillary diagnostic tests were refused by the owner and the animal was humanely euthanized. Histopathological diagnosis was correlated with lymphoma. The association between diabetes mellitus and lymphoma has been reported in human medicine but the similar clinical condition has not been reported in veterinary literature.


Inflammation is a process that occurs tissue with injury, either due to bacteria, trauma, chemicals, heat or any other phenomenon. There are medications used to alleviate inflammatory processes, which must be carefully evaluated, because they produce a variety of side effects. Among the produced side effects include gastrointestinal pathology, and more recently determined an increase in the likelihood of heart attack or stroke. Because the side effects of drugs are difficult to ascertain, traditional medicine continues to be an important option. Piper aduncum is a plant that is attributed medicinal properties, such as wound healing and other antiseptic properties. That is why this work was to determine the effect of gel ethanolic leaf extract Piper aduncum, in inflammation induced in Rattus rattus var. norvegicus. 5 groups (control group, group pattern and 3 groups exposed to gel ethanol extract of leaves of Piper aduncum 1%, 2% and 4%) of 12 specimens and inflammation was induced by injecting 1 mL of carrageenan solution 1 was formed % in the subplantar area of the right hind paw, then applying topical gels prepared with the ethanol extract of leaves of Piper aduncum the problem groups, using a drug (diclofenac gel) in the pattern comparison group. The gel ethanolic extract of Piper aduncum leaves presented antiinflammatory effect, at concentrations of 1%, 2% and 4%, in inflammation induced Rattus rattus var. norvegicus. It was also determined that there is no statistically significant difference between the anti-inflammatory effect of groups and group difference pattern. The antiinflammatory effect could be explained due to the concentration of flavonoids in Piper aduncum leaves.


available material' (p. 121).~ The relevant paragraph from my article is reproduced below, and the readers can judge for themselves whether Miss Spencer has represented my views correctly in her statement: A significant fact is that the incidence of premarital pregnancies in the 1960s was lower than that in the 1910s. How much of this reduction during 1911-65 has been contributed by the increased use of contraceptives, the practice of abortion, and the increased propensity to marry in recent years is a problem for further investigation. Also, how many of the marriages of the pregnant brides would have been contracted anyway, or in other words how much of pre-marital pregnancy was in anticipation of marriage, is hard to say. Neither can we say anything precisely about the proportion of forced marriages on account of pregnancy of the unmarried girls.


The Edinburgh Anisotropy Project (EAP) conducts research into applied seismic anisotropy, and how to utilize such information for the understanding of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The EAP research programme is guided by industry requirements and is primarily focused on fracture characterization and anisotropy imaging. The programme covers a wide variety of topics including data processing, interpretation, modelling and acquisition design, as well as fundamental wave propagation issues. The programme proposed for the ninth Phase is a natural continuation of the eighth Phase, with more emphasis on anisotropy rock physics and model-based anisotropy inversion for reservoir imaging and characterization, arising from discussions with sponsors. In addition, with the globally increasing importance of unconventionals and shale gas reservoirs, we will also study shale gas reservoir from the geophysical point of view encompassing elastic modelling, seismic modelling and inversion issues, and relevant software development. An important aspect of EAP research is that the development of theory, methodology and algorithms is combined with application to real data, supplied by the sponsors, to demonstrate the value of the technology produced.


The theory of Japanese management - the origins of the myths Japanese enterprise overseas Japanese companies come to Britain working for Japanese companies in Britain today - myths and realities working for Japanese companies in Britain in the future Toyota comes to Britain. Appendices: Strategy for British executives to make the most out of working for Japanese companies in Britain glossary of words and phrases in common usage in Japanese companies in Britain a brief guide to Japanese business etiquette for British executives notes and advice from executive search consultants currently working with Japanese clients in Britain survey of British executives with Japanese companies in Britain - the quantitative results.


In scientific writing, the writer tries to explain how making Online News Website using Joomla. By leveraging the internet facilities to facilitate the making of this program. Where this website is expected to help provide information or news that happen around the online community. With chat and games facilities are expected to visitors of this website and not feel bored and communicate and exchange information among visitors. This website is built using a Content Management System (CMS), Joomla, Joomla is used because in its use of open source and is already available pemogramannya supporting applications such as PHP, MySQL, XML, and Dreamweaver MX.


A state-of-the-art review paper for the construct of involvement is presented. This paper outlines prior studies which show the antecedents of involvement to be due to personal characteristics, object characteristics and/or situational characteristics. One or more of these factors is proposed to influence the consumer's level of involvement in various research areas of involvement with advertising, involvement with products and involvement with purchase decisions.