In the 21 years since the 1994 Cairo International Conference on Population and Development, those working in the fields of health and sexuality have seen changing 'men and masculinities' as central to struggles to improve the health of women and men (Cornwall, Edstrom, and Greig 2011; Peacock and Barker 2014). Efforts to respond to men's violence and HIV, in particular, have focused on understanding the links between masculinities and men's health-related behaviour, and increasingly on engaging men and boys as a pathway to transforming masculinities (Jewkes, Flood, and Lang 2015; Mane and Aggleton 2001; Peacock and Barker 2014).

Perhaps as a consequence of these efforts, the phrase 'We need to work with men and boys' has become something of a mantra dominating health and sexuality programmes. In the past few years, there have been a number of reviews of interventions that have sought to work specifically with men and boys to promote health-enhancing behaviours. These reviews have highlighted the important role that interventions engaging men and boys can have in reducing men's use of violence against women (Dworkin, Treves-Kagan, and Lippman 2013; Jewkes, Flood, and Lang 2015), increasing access to HIV-testing (Hensen et al. 2014), reducing HIV-risk behaviours (Barker, Ricardo, and Nascimento 2007; Dworkin, Treves-Kagan, and Lippman 2013) and, more widely, enabling men to become more engaged in supporting partners and children (Levtov et al. 2015). However, these reviews also highlight that working with men and boys does not always translate to changes in their behaviour, that changing attitudes about gender does not always lead to behaviours that support gender equality and that intervention effectiveness is dependent on the approaches used and the process and context of implementation (Barker, Ricardo, and Nascimento 2007; Dworkin, Treves-Kagan, and Lippman 2013; Jewkes, Flood, and Lang 2015). Given the growth in the number of programmes and interventions working with men and boys globally, research exploring the processes involved, the challenges, problems, limitations and politics of this kind of work is surprisingly limited. The ways in which women are and could be involved in this work, so as to support and not hinder efforts at changing masculinities, has also received limited attention.

It was against this backdrop that this special issue of Culture, Health & Sexuality was conceptualised. A call for papers led to 55 abstracts being submitted for consideration; reflecting on these submissions provides us with an insight into some of the wider contemporary dynamics of the field of masculinities and how this special issue could contribute, potentially stimulating new conversations, reflections and debates. First, the geographical spread of research on this topic was highly skewed towards Africa and in particular, South Africa. In total, 21 abstracts were received based on research conducted in South Africa, and a further 19 were about Africa more widely. Beyond that, 5 abstracts were submitted drawing on work undertaken in Australia, 5 more from Asia, 2 from Europe, and 1 each from Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean. What does this suggest to us? First, it would be correct to acknowledge that this partly reflects existing networks and communities of research, which are reflected in our specific geographic locations as editors in South Africa and Australia, and that English is the primary language of the journal. Second, those writing on a country are not necessarily based there (although this was only the case in the minority of submissions). However the geographical focus of submissions does reflect something wider about the global production of knowledge on masculinities at this moment in the field of health and sexuality. It highlights that much of the recent research on masculinities has emerged in the context of the immediate needs and challenges faced in the global South, particularly those associated with violence and HIV (Shefer et al. this issue).

In the early years of the HIV epidemic, the global response focused on communities' urgent, practical needs and on advocacy and activism for structural and political change (Mbali 2013). Practitioners responding to the epidemic were often informed by debates in relation to Women in Development and then Gender and Development, but less space was allocated to reflection on how gender transformation efforts could contribute to this work (Jewkes et al. this issue). However, over the last 20 years, the often hard lessons of the epidemic have seen HIV researchers and practitioners in southern Africa shift their gaze towards gendered power, masculinities and men's violence against women. Across the Atlantic, frustration at prevailing discourses about gender equality and the limited attention paid to the struggles of young Brazilian men gave rise to the highly influential work of Program H and subsequently the work of Promundo. In a very important sense, therefore, the global South has been central to the production of knowledge in the field of masculinities, even if the process has often been mediated by the agenda of academic and development partners in the global North (Epstein and Morrell 2012).

Collectively, the papers of this special issue significantly upscale existing dialogue around the processes of engaging men and boys in gender transformative work. In the rest of this overview, we highlight a number of key themes we see emerging through the papers.


X-ray photoelectron spectra of a clean, well-ordered HfB2 (0001) single crystal surface are reported. A survey spectrum covering a binding energy range of 0 to 1000 eV is shown, which reveals the presence of minor amounts of oxygen and zirconium. Spectra over narrower binding energy ranges are also shown for the Hf 4f, B 1s, and Hf 4s/O 1s regions. A comparison of the Hf 4s/O 1s region before and after oxygen exposure provides for unambiguous assignment of the overlapping O 1s and Hf 4s peaks at binding energies of 531 and 534 eV, respectively.


This paper introduces the data acquisition system based on PC by beginning with the hardware formation and working principles of the system and emphatically exploring the communication principles and approaches between PC and single-chip computer together with the points of VB communication system programming.For the data acquisition system program to be characterized by the super performance of confidential maintenance,this paper finally discusses the encryption principles and approaches of single-chip application system.The application of the system can help solve the problem of mass-data acquisition,storage and complicated chart display.


This article examines the primary epistemic harm of testimonial injustice, or, as defined by Miranda Fricker, the injustice of perceiving another epistemic agent as less credible due to an identity prejudice. I first analyze Fricker's account of the harm, which she posits in terms of a subject/object relation as "epistemic objectification." My analysis, however, shows that (1) testimonial injustice does not render its victim to an object-like status and (2) testimonial injustice necessarily treats its victim as a subject, albeit a truncated subject. Drawing on the work of Ann Cahill and Simone de Beauvoir, I demonstrate that the primary harm of testimonial injustice is more aptly described in terms of a subject/other relation, or a relation that circumscribes the subjectivity of its victim within the confines of the perpetrator's subjectivity. Using these conceptual resources to examine the primary epistemic harm of testimonial injustice not only avoids the problems I raise with the notion of epistemic objectification, but also greatly enhances our understanding of testimonial injustice, and consequently of what more epistemically just relations look like.


This thesis presents efficient finite element solutions of poro-elasto-acoustic coupled problems using modal-based approaches adapted to non conservative problems, combined with an interpolation method in frequency, based on Padé approximants. The performance of the proposed methods and their combination is demonstrated on several 1D to 3D coupled problems. Conclusions are drawn to provide indications for future research and tests to be conducted in order to further enhance the methodologies proposed in the thesis.


In this paper, it is argued that The Life of Mary the Younger, an anonymous Byzantine text of the eleventh century, has a conscious intertextual dialogue with the oldest Byzantine Life venerating a holy woman, the Life of Macrina written by her brother, Gregory of Nyssa, between 380 and 383. The intertextual relation between these two female Lives takes the form of parody. Following Linda Hutcheon's theory of parody, this article shows how the anonymous hagiographer of Mary reworks Gregory's authoritative text to create a new work, a parody in terms of postmodern literary criticism, whose aim was to criticise old and contemporary customs, conventions and ideologies. In other words, the present article approaches and decodes the literariness, the function and ideology of Mary's Life in the light of Macrina's Life.


The utility model relates to a mechanical vacuum pump, in particular to a single-stage sliding vane rotary mechanical vacuum pump. A cylindrical hollow cavity is arranged in the pump body, an air inlet pipe is arranged at one side in the cylindrical cavity, and a cylindrical rotor contacted with the wall of the cylindrical cavity is eccentrically arranged in the cylindrical cavity. Two grooves are arranged on the cylindrical rotor, two rotary sliding vanes are respectively arranged in the grooves and a spring is arranged between the two rotary sliding vanes. An air outlet is arranged on the cylindrical cavity and along the lengthways axis on the top of the pump; and an air outlet valve is arranged on the air outlet. The influence of the noxious space on the peak pumping speed and the ultimate vacuum is eliminated by the utility model which has high production efficiency.


The development of Internet technology has injected new impetus into the reform of education, and also posed new challenges to the traditional teaching mode. In recent years, as an extension of educational informationization, the flipped classroom has developed rapidly, and academic attention has increased year by year. At present, the flipped classroom in Colleges and universities in China has penetrated into many disciplines. Dance teaching should conform to the development of the times, optimize the teaching mode of dance education, open up innovative consciousness, and form a multi-channel teaching pattern. On the basis of discussing the theoretical and practical research on the mode of flipping classroom teaching in the dance teaching, this paper puts forward and designs the structure map of the pattern of the teaching mode of the flipped class in the ordinary university, and carries out a 4 month teaching experiment for the dance students. Through the analysis and verification of the data from the investigation and feedback, the conclusion is that the teaching mode of the dance flipping classroom has significant effect on improving the students' basic dance quality, dance performance and autonomous learning ability


In the same proportion that the process of urbanization advances, grows as well the valorization of the field's life representations. The growth of the demand, characteristic by urban citizens, whom search for the bucolic scenario of countryside, turns these spaces and the quotidian lifestyle in it, objects of consumption to be exchange as a mercantile product through the tourism business. In this context, explode the speeches about the activity as a developing tool to the regions, which suffered with the results of unequal growing promoted by the modernization of agriculture. The rural demography and the rural flight, as result of a modernized agriculture, have compromised the permanency of agriculture workers, whom searched for alternatives to its maintenance. This way, the tourism, one of the non-agricultural activities those, gradually, multiply in the countryside, giving as well to this space a high level of urbanization, stars to be pointed as alternative activity of income to peasants of poorer areas of fields. The purpose of this research, therefore, was to investigate how tourism follows revaluing the ruralities of the Central-Occident Mesoregion in Parana. The dialectical method was used to the realization of this object's study, once it presumes the dynamic and panoramically interpretation of the facts, supporting the analysis of its contradictions. The final results showed that the characteristics of tourism and revaluations of ruralities delegate to the rural areas of Mesoregion a set of simulations of the ways of life and production of "traditional agriculture", considered until recently as a backward and archaic activity by the modernization of agriculture.


We demonstrate, by giving a specific example, that supersymmetry can be left unbroken without running into conflict with observation. The key idea is to employ a discrete form of supersymmetry. Amongst other interesting features, this construction goes roughly half the way in removing the hierarchy between the observed cosmological constant and the vacuum energies expected from field theory.


This paper presents results on the pretreatment of coal with calcite (CaCO/sub 3/) and lime (CaO). These minerals have already been shown to influence fluidized-bed pyrolysis, steam gasification, and CO/sub 2/ gasification of coal. Addition of CaCO/sub 3/ or CaO to coal reduces the high temperature yield of hydrocarbon products and increases the yield of CO in rapid coal pyrolysis. The former effect is probably attributable to lime-catalyzed secondary cracking reactions, while the latter results from base catalysis of a step in the decomposition of the phenolic groups. Calcite in the presence of coal decomposes to lime and CO/sub 2/ at lower temperatures than it will when pyrolyzed alone.


Recent technological advances have enabled the use of AI agents to assist with human tasks and augment human cognitive abilities in a variety of contexts, including decision making. It is critical that users trust these AI agents in order to use them effectively. Given that people tend to trust other people who are similar to themselves, incorporating features of one's own face into the AI agent's face may improve one's trust in the AI agent. However, it is still unclear how impressions differ when comparing agents with the same appearance as one's own and some similarities under the same conditions. Recognizing the appropriate level of similarity when using a self-similar agent is important for establishing a trustworthy agent relationship between people and the AI agent. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the degree of self-similarity of the face of the AI agent on the user's trust in the agent. We examined users' impressions of four AI agents with different degrees of face self-similarity in different scenarios. The results showed that the AI agent, whose similarity to the user's facial feature was slightly recognizable but not obvious, received higher ratings on the feeling of closeness, attractiveness, and facial preferences. These self-similar AI agents were also more trustworthy in everyday non-serious decisions and were more likely to improve people's trustworthiness in such situations. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of our findings to design real-world AI agents.


A method is presented for predicting how the steering characteristics of a ship are affected by fitting a fixed nozzle. The presence of a nozzle upstream appears to have a significant effect on the rudder forces. Full-scale manoeuvring trials carried out with two twin-screw tugs, one with open propellers and the other equipped with nozzles, confirm the predicted trends. It is concluded that propeller, nozzle and rudder should be designed in an integrated way to ensure that an optimum solution is obtained with regard to both propulsive and steering qualities.


Lahu is a cross-border nationality.Abroad,reseach on lahu nationality starts off from early period and come up with a lot of works,but in China,what has been introduced is not many.After the foundation of China,with the great attention by our country and the participation in the research by scholars in local universities,many materials of cultural history are arranged and published,which has provided good condition for further study.Before 1990's,research on la hu focus on so- cial formation,and after that,it has developed vigorously.However,there are some limitations such as the imbalance between region,scope,and monographic study of the research object,and weakness in theoretical contribution,which has to be improvod in order to be advantageous in the development of the research.


Importance
While there are a limited number of beneficial treatments for acute stroke (eg, stroke units, reperfusion, aspirin, hemicraniectomy), there are more negative (as opposed to neutral) interventions spanning multiple different mechanisms of action. To reduce the risk of future negative studies, it is vital to understand why previous interventions appeared to cause harm.

Observations
The limited number of beneficial treatments for acute ischemic stroke are far outnumbered by negative (not neutral) interventions that worsened outcomes in randomized clinical trials (RCTs), including those with putative neuroprotectant, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, free radical-scavenging, hemorrhagic, or vasoactive activity. Other agents reduced thrombolytic efficiency or exhibited neuropsychiatric or cardiac toxicity. In intracerebral hemorrhage, platelet transfusion was hazardous. Although reperfusion treatments should be given as soon as possible, very early intervention with other strategies may instead be hazardous, as has been seen with physical therapy and vasodepressors.

Conclusions and Relevance
The lessons learned from negative stroke RCTs are vital for designing future studies. Multicenter preclinical studies are necessary, and animals that die must be included in analyses. Randomized clinical trials must assess multiple neurological, vascular, cardiac, and general safety effects, whether these are on target or off target. All preclinical trials and RCTs must be published in full. Learning from the past will help to reduce the number of negative stroke RCTs in the future.


Many patient-level barriers to more effective post-fracture osteoporosis (OP) management are associated with patients' perceptions of their bone health and the link between their fracture and OP. These barriers could be addressed by interventions which account for the role of patients' perceptions, such as those based on theories of behaviour change. This thesis had two objectives: to review the literature and determine whether these theories have been integrated in postfracture OP management and to examine patients' awareness of the OP-fracture link. The results showed that theories of behaviour change have not been integrated into post-fracture interventions, that most patients do not perceive the OP-fracture link even after a baseline intervention and that two baseline factors predict who is less likely to make the OP-fracture link at follow up. Based on these findings, modifications to current OP interventions were proposed and guidance that could help create new, patient-centered interventions was provided.


We compute an explicit lowest-order polynomial form of the strain-dependent Gibbs potential which provides a unified description of the tetragonal, orthorhombic, and monoclinic phases of zirconia (ZrO 2 ). The resulting energy function interpolates well the available experimental data for this material, reproducing its known elastic moduli, equilibrium strains, and phase diagram to about 1700 K and 8 GPa.


Non-associative quasigroups are well known combinatorial designs with many dierent applications. Many cryptographic algorithms based on quasigroups primitives have been published. There are several classifications of quasigroups based on their algebraic properties. In this paper we propose a new classification of quasigroups based upon strings (product elements) obtained by a product of a sequence. It is shown in this paper that the more various results of the product elements, the less associative quasigroup.


It is an interesting thing about a forest that one can never really see it whole. From a distance a forest appears as a wall of trees. On the inside it forms a series of limited spaces, each one separate from the next. To get to know a forest well requires time and effort, a spirit of adventure, and a willingness to pursue the unknown. Jane Costlow's study of the forest in nineteenth‑century Russian culture takes us on a slow, wide‑ranging and surprising journey into the Russian woods. It rem...


A new strategy of building covalently MOF–COF core–shell heterostructure with MOFs without –NH2 group for improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation.


Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this chapter is to challenge the assumption that top-down approaches to economic development and growth are the best way forward for rural areas. Looking at the work of the current LEADER programme and LEADER project examples, the chapter measures the impacts of small-scale, bottom-up approaches to foster rural development. It considers the importance of the LEADER approach as a key component of the current rural policy framework.

Methodology
The chapter provides a discussion of top-down versus neo-endogenous approaches to rural growth, drawing on policy and practitioner literature. Four case studies from the current LEADER programme are used to demonstrate how the LEADER approach brings about growth at a local level, and how this can be measured using a Social Return on Investment (SROI) approach.

Findings
LEADER, as a programme, can deliver sustainable and effective economic growth through a series of small-scale interventions by stimulating entrepreneurial activity in the context of neo-endogenous growth. This forms a useful complementary strand to the top-down policy of major sectoral interventions profiled in this chapter in the context of current England-wide policy approaches to economic development. The SROI approach provides an effective tool for capturing the longer term effects of LEADER.

Practical implications
Considering the broader SROI and sustainable credentials of LEADER-stimulated business development provides a new and more robust means of both communicating the achievements of the programme and a rationale for giving it greater prominence.

Originality/value
The chapter establishes a new place-based approach to considering the wider impact of LEADER projects through an SROI approach. The insights help provide new insights into the contribution of this programme to economic development in rural communities.


The influences of CuCl2 and CuSO4 upon the water structure were studied with 17O-NMR and Raman spectra. The effects of CuCl2 and CuSO4 on 17O-NMR chemical shift,half-height widths of peaks and spin-lattice relaxation times(T1) of water were tested at low concentrations. With the relationship between 17O-NMR chemical shift, half-height widths of peaks, NMR B'-coefficients and water cluster structure, water association, the effect of CuCl2 and CuSO4 on water structure were analyzed. Raman spectra in the OH stretch region of water and various concentrations of CuCl2 and CuSO4 were compared. It was proved that they all increased water association and the size of water clusters, the effect of CuSO4 on promotion water association was stronger than that of CuCl2, at the same time, the effect of Cl- on break water association was stronger than that of SO2-4. As paramagnetic ion, Cu2+ had obvious effect on shorten protons spin-lattice relaxation times in water and broaden the line width of NMR spectroscope during NMR relaxation process. 17O-NMR could bring more information on the influences of cations, anions, and compounds on water structure than Raman spectra, which only indicated the influence of anions.


This paper discusses new possible efforts to internalize the values of Pancasila through a flashcard game. This is because these values can be taught in a fun way through games. Internalization of these values can be done explicitly or implicitly in several aspects of the game, namely the rules of the game, the characters, and the narrative. The discussion begins with a hermeneutic analysis of Pancasila values that will be internalized to the game participants. The method used was hermeneutics as a tool of philosophical analysis to obtain a practical concept of the philosophical values of Pancasila. Furthermore, these practical values will be used in the effort to internalize values through flashcards games. The results of the analysis were simplified so that they can be used as a narrative and reference for the game, as well as a reference for game rules. The conclusion is that the flashcards game can be used as a means of internalizing the values of Pancasila if these values can be comprehensively expressed in the narrative, flow, and rules of the game.


"Unusually successful" executives may possess greater precognitive powers than the general population (3 , 4 ) . As few attempts have been made to tesr extrasensory abilities of moderately successful and promising managers and emergent leaders, preferred friends, and perceived high performers, this study had a rwofold purpose. First, the precognitive powers of a group of moderately successful managers ( n = 1 0 ) were contrasted with those of a group of clerks ( n = 1 0 ) . Groups were shown a closed deck of ESP cards where 25 cards composed of five each of five basic figures such as stars, wavy lines, etc., were displayed. Subjects were exposed to four iterations or 100 cards ( 5 ) . The mean correct predictions of -24 by the managers was not significantly different from the mean o8f 21 for the clerks ( p = .05) . The second objective was to examine whether differences in precognitive powers could be associated with various criteria of interpersonal attraction such as emergent leadership and friendship, and performance criterion for a group of bookkeepers (n = 2 4 ) . The criteria were selected according to itemized guidelines ( 1 ) and measured by Jennings' method ( 2 ) . The supervisor of the bookkeepers was asked to select the four most promotable members of the group. In these analyses an open deck of ESP cards was used. In this deck were 25 cards but the number of cards displaying any particular figure could vary from 0 to 25. Once again four iterations or 100 cards were used. Results show the most promotable subgroup with a mean of 1 7 correct predictions was slightly less but not significantly different from the remainder of the group with a mean score of 19. Neither score was significantly different from chance expectation. The sociometric tesr was designed to differentiate those group members who were overchosen as informal leaders, friends, and as the perceived best workers from the remainder of the group members. None of the results were statistically significant when the overchosen subsets under the various criteria were compared with the remainder of the group ( p = .05). The data generated in these two analyses provides no evidence for the idea that managers in general have higher precognitive powers than other members of the public. There was also no evidence to suggest that the selected criteria of interpersonal attraction were associated with higher extrasensory perceptual powers. This limited information confirms the argument that, if precognitive powers are markedly present in very successful executives, they are not evident among moderately successful managers, clerks, o r persons nominated on the basis of selected criteria of interpersonal attraction.


Quench protection is one of the most important issues for magnet applications using 2 G HTS tapes because of their non-self-protecting properties. Although many researchers have examined the quench/recovery characteristics of HTS magnets to establish the required stability, new information on the quench/recovery characteristics of the recently commercialized HTS magnet with GdBCO CC is needed. In this study, the quench/recovery characteristics of Zr-doped (Gd,Y)BCO CC pancake coils that were insulated with various materials, such as copper and Kapton tapes, were examined in a liquid nitrogen (LN2) bath. The minimum quench energy (MQE) and normal zone propagation (NZP) velocity of the Zr-doped (Gd,Y)BCO CC pancake coils are discussed in terms of the quench/recovery test results.


Concrete filled square hollow sections (CFSHS) are becoming very popular in building construction due to their advantages in strength, ductility and slenderness. However, they are not commonly used in Australia and developing countries due to the quality and cost issues in connecting the steel beams to the CFSHS columns. Welding, which is the common method of achieving a moment resisting connection in steel construction, is not preferred in these countries and normal structural bolting cannot be used due to lack of access to the inner side of the hollow sections. A comprehensive three dimensional finite element model has been developed to simulate the experimentally observed behaviour of a full-scale sub-assemblage test of a double-T blind-bolted connection from a perimeter frame in a medium-rise office building. The sub-assemblage consisted of a concrete-filled square hollow section as the column, and two universal beams composite with a concrete slab which were connected at each side of the column using the double-T connections. Gravity loads were applied followed by cyclic loading representing the effect of an earthquake. Good agreement was obtained between the FE results and experimental results. In the test the type of blind bolts used were HABBs (headed anchor blind bolts). To further improve the behaviour of the blind bolted connection in terms of stiffness and cyclic deterioration, a modified type of blind bolt called a double headed anchored blind bolt (DHABB) was developed. The modification includes an increase in the bearing area of the blind bolts by adding an extra embedded head, and tests have been carried out to ascertain the properties of these bolts. The results of an FE analysis of the sub-assemblage in which the DHABBs are substituted for the HABBs are presented here and a comparison is made to show the improved behaviour.


Results: 123 parents/guardians completed the questionnaire with average age of girls was 12.28 years with mean menarcheal age was 11.12years. From this study, those parents/guardians with lower family income (OR = 0.00; 95% CI = 0.00-0.20), unable to manage menses (OR = 0.03; 95% CI = 0.00-0.61) and moderate severity of menses (OR= 0.01; 95% CI = 0.00-1.21) were associated with seeking medical help on menstrual suppression. Only 43.1% parents/guardians aware that there are options available for menstrual suppression which was quite low. The factors associate for parents requesting for sterilization were lower family income (OR = 0.02; 95% CI = 0.00-0.36) and concern about sexual abuse (OR = 0.25; 95% CI = 0.06-0.39).


Magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR structure determination is rapidly developing. We demonstrate a method to determine 1H−13C distances r CH with high precision from Lee−Goldburg cross-polarization (LG-CP) with fast MAS and continuous LG decoupling on uniformly 13C-enriched tyrosine·HCl. The sequence is γ-encoded, and 1H−13C spin-pair interactions are predominantly responsible for the polarization transfer while proton spin diffusion is prevented. When the CP amplitudes are set to a sideband of the Hartmann−Hahn match condition, the LG-CP signal builds up in an oscillatory manner, reflecting coherent heteronuclear transfer. Its Fourier transform yields an effective 13C frequency response that is very sensitive to the surrounding protons. This 13C spectrum can be reproduced in detail with MAS Floquet simulations of the spin cluster, based on the positions of the nuclei from the neutron diffraction structure. It is symmetric around ω = 0 and yields two well-resolved maxima. Measurement of CH distances is straig...


Recently, interest in wooden construction have been growing by increasing needs and demands for eco-friendly and traditional wooden building(Hanok). Especially, Hanok has the technical development in manufacturing the mortise-tenon joint without fasteners(precut), so it could be called to modernization, industrialization and popularization. But the structural design and analysis of the structure were not regulated and had the difficulty to consider the variation of wooden member and to conduct the difficulty in the structural analysis and the design of the joint. In this study, the stiffness ratio of wooden mortise and tenon joint was evaluated according to the vertical loading, lintel and loading speed. The joint was distinguished in semi-rigid joint regardless of their factors. The stiffness ratio was 0.40 in vertical loading, 0.50 without vertical loading and 0.44 in horizontal loading with high speed. This study would be utilized to the structural analysis and design with structural analysis and design program.


Throughout this paper, in the second section, we prove that if f ∈ A, α ≥ 0 and F (z) = zf (z) (


ABSTRACT A vortex assisted-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatograph equipped with a diode array detector technique for separation, preconcentration and determination of three fluoroquinolone antibiotics from wastewater was developed. Optimum conditions for the extraction, separation and preconcentration of the antibiotics were obtained using surface response methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD). Under optimum conditions, the limits of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) ranged from 0.63–1.2 ng L−1 and 2.1–4 ng L−1, respectively with the enhancement factors ranging from 48–83. The linear dynamic ranges were 2–800 for ciprofloxacin (CIPRO), and, 3–900 ng L−1 for danofloxacin (DANO) and 4–1000 ng L−1 for enrofloxacin (ENRO). Correlation coefficients were ranging from 0.9978 to 0.9989. The intraday (n = 15) and inter-day (n = 5) precisions (expressed in terms of % relative standard deviation (RSD) for 50 µg L−1 of CIPRO, DANO and ENRO were in the range of 3.3–6% respectively. The developed method was used for the extraction, preconcentration and quantification of CIPRO, DANO and ENRO antibiotics in influent and effluent wastewater samples. In overall, vortex assisted-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with liquid chromatograph equipped with a diode array detector (VA-DLLME/HPLC-DAD) demonstrated great potential for extraction, preconcentration and quantification of antibiotics in environmental water.


A new procedure is developed to derive estimates of productivity. Distance function values are calculated between observed netputs and a reference technology constructed by augmenting observed netputs for quality changes. MFP growth rates average around 2% over the postwar period. Discrepancies occur between the distance function estimates and traditional measures.


Abstract When a parent assumes the caregiving responsibilities of someone with Alzheimer's disease, the relationships between family members, as well as the family roles, may be altered. The caregiving role is generally assumed by the female within the home; a daughter or daughter in-law. The children of the caregivers are affected as their mother becomes involved with the caregiving responsibility of their grandparents with Alzheimer's. The leisure patterns of the family are affected as the grandparent's behavior and daily care affect the everyday routines of the family. The focus of this research was to gather information to generate new insights about how granddaughters were affected when their grandmothers had Alzheimer's disease. Information was collected by interviewing six granddaughters. The themes that emerged from the granddaughters' stories included problems with social interaction and feelings of embarrassment due to the grandmothers' behavior. Stress and tension, feelings of guilt, feelings of sadness, feelings of frustration and anger also emerged. Avoiding the caregiving situation, participating in activities, the need for possessing information about Alzheimer's disease and the importance of support were other themes that emerged. These themes formed the foundation for a model that illustrates the interaction of the themes on the granddaughters in this Study.


Objective To introduce one operation method applied with USS (universal spine system) screw rods system for the reconstruction of the stability of the lumbar sacrum after resection of sacrum tumor and discuss indications and feasibility of the operation method.Methods 5 patients with sacrum tumor had accepted the clinical treatment of USS.Resect the sacrum tumor,insert pedicle screw into the normal pedicles (L3 or L4 or L5)above the region of laminectomy routinely,fix lower screw in the iliac plane,put metal rods,plant bone and put transverse links. Results There was no recurrence of sacrum tumor by MRI examination after 1~12 months follow up.The preoperative pain of lumbar sacrum joint and roots of the spinal nerves relieved significantly.The patients turned to normal weight loading and movement.There were no fractures of the screw and rods and motion of the screw.X ray examination hasn't found increase of screw passage,pelvic decrease, and L5 sinking.Conclusion The operation method applied with USS screw rods system for the reconstruction of the stability of the lumbar sacrum can reduce postoperative pain,promote early postoperative activity,and prevent pathologic fracture and paraplegia.


The quoting price for bidding was core in the whole engineering tenders submitting progress.Only rational quoting price for bidding,the tenders can win the bid.It should generalize quoting strategies and skills in bidding carefully and analyzed profoundly,so as to win the bid in the future tender submitting.


Preoperative planning is of paramount importance in the surgical teaching of free‐tissue transfer. Preoperative planning begins with the initial patient evaluation and continues to the point of successful free‐tissue transfer. A detailed preoperative plan allows even the neophyte microsurgeon to anticipate operative difficulties before they occur, and to have contingency plans for nearly all intraoperative scenarios. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 25:365–372, 2005.


To deal with the problem of large-scale wind power integration and its influence on low frequency oscillation characteristics of Gansu power network, this paper built the low frequency oscillation simulation model with large amount of wind power integration, and proposed an index, namely grid structural weakness degree, based on the damping ratio index, to investigate low frequency oscillation characteristics. The simulation shows that the damping ratio decreases as the wind turbine output increases; and when the damping ratio is lower than 3%, or weakness degree lower than 4, it is more likely to cause low frequency oscillation in Gansu power network, and early-warning should be taken. The analysis provides a reference for low frequency oscillation early-warning and control.


It is well established that combustion in inert porous media holds important advantages offering low pollutant emissions, high power density, high turn-down ratio, high combustion stability and the potential of operating even in ultra lean combustion regimes. Although this type of burner has started to be examined over the past years, nonintrusive experimental methods are needed to describe the actual processes taking place in the porous structure. In the present work, the technique of laser induced fluorescence LIF is employed to visualize the flame zone, utilizing the excitation of the hydroxyl radical OH. The present work examines the methane/air combustion inside a porous burner, in the lean combustion regime, by means of Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF). Imaging of the hydroxyl radical (OH) in the reaction zone was conducted for various thermal loads and excess air ratios to support the understanding of the flame zone characteristics.


Optimization of the technological process of manufacturing long-length rail lashes is a difficult task, since in addition to a large number of operations, the equipment used today for contact butt welding of railway rails by pulsating reflow has a large number of technical parameters (input factors) affecting the quality of the resulting welded joint (output factors). Such a number of parameters does not allow us to fully select the optimal welding modes and leads to the impossibility of using a full or fractional factor experiment. In the work, data processing of 79 experimental welds was carried out using regression analysis. The main stages of the welding process are highlighted: the first stage is melting; the second stage is melting, forcing, precipitation. Based on the obtained oscillograms of the welding process on the K1100 rail welding machine, average values of current, voltage, speed of movement of the movable bed were obtained at various stages of melting, as well as precipitation forces, precipitation time under current, precipitation paths at the last stage when welding R65 rails of the DT350 category. The obtained regression equations determining the results of tests for static three-point bending were analyzed and unsatisfactory parameters according to the Student's t-criterion were excluded from them. These equations in the end take into account the influence of each technological stage of the process of contact butt welding of railway rails on the output properties and the model is adequate according to the Fischer's F-criterion. With the help of these regression models, the recommended modes of contact butt welding by pulsating reflow were obtained and their testing was carried out at a rail welding company.


Abstract : Successful integration of paraelectric Ba1-xSrxTiO3 (BST) based thin films with affordable Si substrates has a potential significant commercial impact as the demand for high-frequency tunable devices intensifies. Utilizing a coplanar device design we successfully designed, fabricated, characterized, and optimized a high performance Ta2O5 thin film passive buffer layer on Si substrates, which will allow the integration of BST films with large area affordable Si substrates. This passive buffer layer thin film was fabricated via the industry standard metalorganic solution decomposition technique. The anneal optimized Ta2O5 based thin film possessed excellent material properties. Specifically, these material properties include an enhanced dielectric constant (epsilon r =45.6), low dielectric loss (tan delta=0.006), low leakage current or high film resistivity (rho=10 to the 12th Omega-cm at E=1 MV/cm), excellent temperature stability (temperature coefficient of capacitance of 52 ppm/deg C), and excellent bias stability of capacitance (^1.41% at 1 MV/cm). Additionally, the permittivity and dissipation factor exhibited minimal dielectric dispersion with frequency. The dielectric passive buffer layer film was typified by a uniform dense microstructure with minimal defects, and a smooth, nano-scale fine grain, crack/pinhole free surface morphology. This work also demonstrated that the coefficient of thermal expansion(CTE) mismatch between the Ta2O5 buffer and BST active thin films in the coplanar device design serves to enhance the dielectric tunability of the device. The development of this passive buffer layer thin film materials technology will enable the direct integration of paraelectric active thin films (BST) with silicon substrates. The impact of this materials technology is paramount, as this phase shifter materials technology design will promote broad scale implementation of affordable On The Move (OTM) phased array antenna systems across a variety of platform7


As an integral part of logistic system, transport is activity of transfering and relocation of goods and passengers in all types of transportation devices (lorry, airplane, vessel, train, etc.). Alos from the point of business logistics, transport is an activity which is at the same time element of the logistic system which enables transportation of goods through logistic and distribution system. Transport is element of logistic systems which enables functioning of the logistic systems at all levels. The paper conducts analysis of the logistic systems and transport networks and carries their comparison.


Recognition of benign versus malignant tumors is essential in gynecologic ultrasound (US). The International Ovarian Tumor Analysis (IOTA) rules have been proposed as part of resident US training. The objective of this study was to examine whether they could be accurately used by obstetrics and gynecology residents in Rwanda.


The discussions presented in this document are part of a research carried out throughout the Psychology Master's degree program. Under the theoretical / methodological perspective of the Work Psychology, we seek to analyze the functioning of the retail drug trade in a micro-region of Minas Gerais, aiming at understanding the activity of "payback". We worked with in-depth interviews with people who were involved in drug traffic retail, in addition to an observation period. The results of the research showed a scenario in which the act of killing is naturalized, instrumented and made into spectacle, with significant implications for the structure of a working organization and for the recognition of their workers. The use of lethal violence, in the 'payback' format, which for decades had been connected to private vendettas, followed the changes in drug traffic management and now seems to correspond to a requirement of the job.


Marxist theory points out that practice is the method of understanding the world, and it is also the essential characteristic of human beings. Based on the above theoretical basis and guidance, this paper, from the perspective of ideological and political education evaluation, conducts research on student behavior in Marxist popular classrooms, grasps the characteristics of student behavior in Marxist popular classrooms in the new era, and explores behavioral research. Approaches and methods for ideological and political education evaluation and student evaluation were introduced. This paper analyzes the combination method of AHP and BP neural network in the previous research and points out its limitations. On this basis, it innovatively proposes an inherited combination method of AHP and BP neural network and conducts model training and exact match experiment based on AHP and BP neural network. Finally, by comparing and analyzing the above four sets of experimental results, it is found that the inheritance-type combination method of AHP-BP neural network not only avoids the problem of small AHP capacity but also scientifically integrates hierarchical weights with theoretical basis into the calculation of BP neural network. In addition, the inheritance-type combination of AHP-BP neural network in this study can replace the normalization of data and effectively improve the training speed and matching accuracy of the precise matching model for political classrooms in colleges and universities under the new situation.


According to the basic equation of dynamics,using FEM and NEWMARK implicit algorithm,an elastoplastic numerical analysis is made to analyze the effect of hidden holes in loess on the dynamic deformation response of pavement structure.In order to reduce the effect of wave reflecting on artificial boundary,transmitting boundary and semi-infinite element are respectively used to treat the lateral and underside boundaries.The cycle of dynamic load and the diameter and depth of hidden holes in loess are the mainly considered three factors.Finally,based on the numerical calculation results,their effect laws on deformation response of pavement structure are analyzed.


Insertion of series capacitor in transmission line reduces net transfer reactance of line and it gives greater power transfer capability of the lines. It also improves power flow control & voltage regulation of lines. But it also causes problem to the conventional distance protection scheme during fault condition. The major problem to the distance relay is to measure correct impedance from relaying point to fault point when series capacitor remains in fault path. This paper briefly discusses need of series compensation, basic series capacitor model and problems due to series compensation


George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, despite the vast political changes during the last half-century since its publication and its various aesthetic shortcomings, remains one of the most important and relevant books of this century. With the proliferation of modern post-apocalyptic and dystopian fantasies in both literature and film, it would be worthwhile to address the modernist visions of the future as they were formulated in architectural terms. The dystopian world described in the novel is brought into existence not only through the political and ideological relations to its cultural context but also by means of the spatial dimensions in which the dystopia is played out. The aim of this essay is, therefore, to identify the spatial framework along with the ideological context on the basis of which this project is defined in relation to the socio-political environment of Oceania in Nineteen Eighty-Four. It will be the underlying assumption of this article, drawing on Martin Heidegger's notion of "dwelling" and modernist architectural theory, that the construction of space directly affects subjectivity and the creation of a sense of self, especially insofar as memory and history are concerned. This assumption will be developed with regards to Mr. Charrington's antique shop representing here a space of resistance against the manifestations of modernist ideology.


This work presents a new technique for reaction kinetic studies of liquid phase reactions in a CSTR. By simultaneously varying the reaction temperature (temperature scanning-TS) and reactant feed concentration (composition modulation—CM) while recording the output concentration, the technique allows, through the least-square fitting of computer-generated model data to the experimental time-series, to obtain from a single experiment the reaction orders as well as both Arrhenius parameters. The alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl acetate was chosen to illustrate the technique, assuming a rate law in the form of a simple power law. The set of parameters that resulted in the minimum sum of squared errors was selected. These values were very close to those reported in literature. The technique saves much time and experimental resources.


Visual cryptography scheme (VCS) is a secret-sharing scheme which encrypts images as shares and can decrypt shares without digital devices. Although a participant can reveal the secret image by merely stacking a sufficient number of shares, the visual quality of recovered images is reduced, and malicious adversaries can cheat participants by giving faked shares. The paper presents a novel VCS called T-VCS (trusted VCS) which consists of two main components: a high-quality VCS and an enhanced verification scheme of shares based on the emerging Intel Software Guard eXtensions (SGX). While providing highquality recovery, T-VCS keeps the size of the shares the same as the original secret image. We use SGX to act as a trusted third party (TTP) to verify the validity of the shares in an attested enclave without degrading the image quality. The experimental results show that T-VCS can achieve a balance among contrast, share size, and verification efficiency.


Using a three-dimensional semiclassical model, we study double ionization for strongly driven He fully accounting for magnetic field effects during the propagation in time. For linearly and slightly elliptically polarized laser fields, we show that recollisions and the magnetic field combined act as a gate. This gate favors more transverse—with respect to the electric field—initial momenta of the tunneling electron that are opposite to the propagation direction of the laser field. In the absence of non-dipole effects, the transverse initial momentum is symmetric with respect to zero. We find that this asymmetry in the transverse initial momentum gives rise to an asymmetry in a double ionization observable.


Your future knowledge store will be a collection that lives in-memory, on your local hard disk, on your intranet and/or distributed on the global web. It will be a collection of inter-related triple-stores federated into an ever-changing whole. We will demonstrate a flexible architecture for creating 'federated knowledge stores' on the fly that allow for transparent RDFS++ reasoning and SPARQL queries. We will demonstrate this new architecture with billions of triples from distributed sources including the Census database, the DBPedia, Wordnet, Geonames and the Enron e-mail corpus in an RDF federation.


Dendrotoxin, the most potent component of Mamba snake venom is considered to be majorly responsible for the exceedingly high rate of morbidity and mortality observed in Mamba snake victims. Studies suggest that in addition to inducing toxicity in the brain and other organs, the footprints of dendrotoxin can also be seen in various other neurological and physiological conditions. The understanding of dendrotoxin has been further deepened by its applications in neurophysiology. Studies have been done on the binding of dendrotoxin at various sites in the brain, therefore suggesting a pathological connection. In this review, authors highlight the involvement of dendrotoxin in diverse neurological conditions either in the induction of direct neurotoxicity or having the potential to be involved in the pathology of various neurological disorders. The authors also explain here the molecular mechanisms associated with dendrotoxin along with other components of mamba venom. Need for the search of a potent, yet safer drug candidate, which can be effective in cases of delayed medical assistance in mamba snake victims, is also urged upon.


The diversity of Dioscorea spp. both inter-species and intra-species are spreaded in several areas in Central Java, including Banjarnegara.  Dioscorea is a  plant that has the potentials to be developed and cultivated. The purposes of this reasearch are to identify the species, characterize the morphological characters (stem, leaf, and tuber) of eight varians Dioscorea spp from Banjarnegara. The sample used in this reasearch are the eight varians of Dioscorea spp from Banjarnegara.  The Identification was done by using a identification keys. Characterization of morphological characters was done by using the guidebook of Descriptor for Yam. The results showed that eight cultivars of Dioscorea spp are grouped into two types: Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea esculenta . Dioscorea alata has a stem which rotate the to the right, rectangular shaped of stem, it's has wing and doesn't have a spin, elongated heart-shaped leaves, oval-oblong and round shaped tuber. Dioscorea esculenta has a stem which rotate to the left, rounded shaped of stem, it has not wing but spiked, dilated heart-shaped leaf, and oval shape tuber. Keywords : Dioscorea spp, identifikasi, characteristic, morphology,


The point of this thesis for Documentation Administration at STMIK GI MDP Marketing based on website. This thesis used Relational Unified Process (RUP) method. This method has 4 phase: Inception, Elaboration, Construction, and Transition. For system implementation, writer used Adobe Dreamweaver and XAMPP for local host and also MySQL as the database. Result of this information system design is to help Marketing in document and data processing for their activity such as visiting, conference/workshop, PMB recap and sponsorship, also it can help controling souvenir organizing and help evaluating process in their activity. The system can solving problem and help to increase STMIK GI MDP Marketing performance.


An Ad-Hoc Network is a self-configuring network of mobile nodes connected by wireless links, to form an arbitrary topology. The nodes are free to move randomly. Thus the network's wireless topology may be unpredictable and may change rapidly. Minimal configuration, quick deployment and absence of a central governing authority make ad hoc networks suitable for emergency situations like natural disasters, military conflicts, emergency medical situations etc. Many routing protocols for ad hoc networks had been proposed already. The routing protocols are broadly classified into Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid protocols. This paper evaluates the performance of FSR (Proactive), AODV (Reactive) and ZRP (Hybrid) routing protocols using qualnet simulator.


Objectives. To evaluate the sperm chromatin dispersion in men with infertility using the first Russian kit.
Methods. The study was conducted between July and August 2022. Study participants were 492 male volunteers aged 23 to 59 years with infertility which semen samples were examined by GEMSTANDART–HaloSperm L&Q kit so-called
Halo test. The outcomes were as a percentage as the sperm DNA Fragmentation Index (DFI), %. The results of Halo test were evaluated according to the following threshold values: in reference range (normal): DFI  15 %, controversial result: from DFI > 15 % to < 25 %, out of reference range (pathological) DFI > 25 %. All of men (n = 492) had the results of a basic semen examination which performed a month before the current clinical trials with a various scenario of pathospermia as well as normospermia. The statistical processed a GraphPad Prism software (version 8.0.1) and Excel statistical package Microsoft® Excel® for Microsoft 365 MSO (verse 2201 16.0.14827.20158). The Pearson's rank correlation coefficient of parametric measure and descriptive statistics have been applied.
Results. Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) was not detected in 54.1 % (266/492 = 54.1 %) men whose average age was 36.58 years (DFI  15 %); a poor direct correlation with normal level of DFI and asthenozoospermia (r = 0.20; p < 0.0001), viscosipathy (r = 0.13; p < 0.0001) are presented; a poor inverse correlation with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (r = – 0.12; p < 0.0001) are presented; the absence of leucospermia was noted.
A controversial results for SDF presence was found in 21.3 % (105/492 = 21.3 %) men whose average age was 38.71 years (DFI range from > 15 to < 25 %); a poor direct correlation with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (r = 0.24; p < 0.0001), oligospermia (r = 0.23; p < 0.0001) and average age of 39 years (r = 0.17; p < 0.0001) was noted; poor inverse correlation with asthenozoospermia (r = – 0.22; p < 0.0001) was presented.
SDF was found in 24.6 % (121/492 = 24.6 %) men whose average age was 41.55 (DFI > 25 %); poor direct correlation with a high level of DFI and average age for infertile men in 44 years (r = 0.28; p < 0.0001) was presented.
All semen samples (n = 492) presented a poor positive correlation with DFI and age (r = 0.1563; p = 0.0005); oliasthenoterato-zoospermia (r = 0.19; p = 0.0001), leucospemia (r = 0.29; p = 0.0001), and necrozoospermia (r = 0.16; p = 0.0004).
Conclusion. The results of the study showed that GEMSTANDART–HaloSperm L&Q kit complements a basic semen examination providing specific information to the clinicians about quality of genetic material in semen samples.


The present invention relates to a nozzle for a combustion chamber (3) of an engine (T) for providing a fuel-air mixture at a nozzle exit opening of the nozzle (2). According to the invention, one end of a Kraftstoffleitkanals (25) at a nozzle outlet opening of the nozzle of a radially outward discharge edge (250) edges and an air guide element (271b) of a radially outer air duct (27b) of the nozzle (2) is opposite this discharge edge (250) in such, with respect to a nozzle longitudinal axis (DM), axial direction (x) that a reference angle (α) exists between the longitudinal axis of the nozzle (DM) and a boundary line (6) passing through a point on the discharge edge (250) and tangent to the axially projecting air guide element (271b); and / or - A reference angle (α), which exists between the nozzle longitudinal axis (DM) and a Begrenzungsgeraden (6) passing through a point at the outflow edge (250) and a maximum in axial direction (x) over the outflow edge (250) projecting point (2712b) of the air guide element (271b) is less than or equal to 50 °.


The analysis of regional scale patterns of diversity allows insights into the processes that have shaped modern biodiversity at the macro‐scale. Previous analyses studying biogeographic regionalisation across different high‐level taxa have shown similar trends at a global scale. However, incorporating phylogenetic methods when comparing biogeographic regionalisation between subgroups facilitates identification of mechanisms leading to the biogeographic distribution of specific taxa. We analysed the spatial trends of phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetic endemism of 325 species of New World bats, using updated range maps of the modern distributions. These analyses showed phylogeographic signals that reflect the different evolutionary histories of these families. Zoogeographical zones were detected based on range‐weighted phylogenetic turnover. Values of high phylogenetic diversity and endemism were distributed differently across families, suggesting niche conservatism, but a general latitudinal trend of diversity was evident across taxa. Overall, two main bioregions were shared across New World bat taxa (Nearctic and Neotropical), with two additional subregions (Andean and La Platan). We found strong support for an additional transitional zone in the Pacific coast of South America for Emballonuridae and Molossidae. Differences in regionalisation across families indicate that niche conservatism, in situ diversification and dispersal ability are major drivers for the regionalisation of New World bats, within a dual‐centre of diversification scenario. We also found strong inter‐familial support for an independent Caribbean biogeographic region.


Software-defined networking (SDN) technology is expected to offer higher flexibility and programmability and enhanced transmission performance by decoupling control plane from data plane and enabling centralized network management. In SDN, switches may cache a certain number of flow forwarding rules, so that user flows can be forwarded accordingly. In this article, stressing the limited caching space of switches and the heterogeneous transmission performance of switches and links, we jointly design rule caching and flow forwarding strategy for multiple user flows in SDN. To emphasize the importance of the end-to-end delay caused by the transmission and processing of user flows in both the data plane and control plane, we formulate the joint optimization problem as an end-to-end delay minimization problem. As the original optimization problem is a non-deterministic polynomial hard (NP-hard) problem, which cannot be solved directly, we propose a heuristic algorithm which successively solves three subproblems, i.e., flow forwarding subproblem, rule caching and candidate path selection subproblem, and resource sharing subproblem. By applying the K-shortest path algorithm, a priority-based rule caching algorithm, and Lagrangian dual method, respectively, the three subproblems are solved and the joint rule caching and flow forwarding strategy is obtained. Simulation experiments are conducted to examine the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, and the results indicate that our proposed algorithm is capable of improving system performance by about 20% compared with the previous solutions.


The complex legislation framework, of the environmental assessment, introduces a thick interpretation of the scoping document made of contents of immediate application upon the plan strategy: in this way the union of the strategy and operational dimensions will fall on the "Plan Document" choices, evaluated inside the final phase of the Environmental Report regarding: i) the physic components state; ii) the entity of the pressures inducted; iii) the suitability of the responses taken with respect to the environmental framework emerged, for completeness/appropriateness of the mitigation and compensation measures identified for the environmental sustainability of the choices made. It is in this direction that the Barzio Strategic Environmental Assessment Scoping Document goes (Barzio is located in the Lecco Lombardy valleys); this document has offered a concrete support to the decision that have permitted the creation of the reconnaissance-programmatic framework of the Plan Strategic, explicating the local suggestions emerged, the expectations thought, the possible modes of composition of the general interests with those of privates, highlighting the critical dynamics in place, from which deriving the draft plan through new settlements whose limits are generated by the wider government plans, the environmental law restrictions, the peculiar character of the local reality; finally the area of influence of the plan has been identified, following the space-time scale of the transformation, reorganization and upgrading of the environmental and settlement choices.


On the basis of analyzing disadvantages of traditional fuzzy enhancement algorithms,a generalized fuzzy enhancement algorithm is put forward.This algorithm maps images into the generalized fuzzy space through introducting generalized fuzzy sets,designs a subsection sine function as fuzzy membership function and adopts the corresponding enhancement operator.Using the characteristics of generalized fuzzy transformmation,image can obtain satisfactory enhanement effect through processing the industrial RT inspection weld image with the generalized fuzzy enhancement algorithm.We apply the method of fuzzy entropy to analyze the enhancement effects and the influencing factors of the generalized fuzzy enhancement algorithm.


The article explores the Trump administration's trade policy,  characterized by: attempts to rewrite the rules of international trade  according to the regulations established by the American side, "skepticism" with respect to the international regulatory  institutions of foreign trade, a course on the renegotiation of the  existing agreements. In a relationship with a number of countries,  manifestations of "ultimatizm" – the desire to negotiate with them from a position of strength are becoming increasingly evident.  Relapses of economic isolationism under the slogan "Restore the Greatness of America" periodically are being transformed into  concrete protectionist actions. The number of imposed import restrictions is growing, and their arsenal is expanding. It is  concluded, that tightening of the market access to the domestic  market for foreign suppliers is unlikely to lead to a significant  reduction in the US trade deficit. Bet on abandoning multilateral  arrangements in favor of bilateral trade agreements, conscious  downplaying of the role and importance of the WTO and other  international institutions can also be counterproductive. Focus on  dominance in the sphere of foreign economic activity apparently will remain the main direction of Trump trade policy until the end of the  term of his administration. However, under pressure from competitors, and because of the lack of real allies, the United States  will be forced to demonstrate greater flexibility and pragmatism, the  propensity to compromise and to establishment of temporary or  permanent blocs with their main trading partners. The idea of  "normality", refraining from populism, will gradually begin to return  to the trade policy of this country. If, however the Trump  government will continue to act in isolation, without taking into  account the opinion of the world community, an increasing number  of partners of the United States will perceive it not as a leader, but as a violator of the rules of international trade. Under certain  circumstances, such a policy can provoke local and global trade  conflicts. In addition, the United States not necessarily will have to be the winner in them.


Aside from the fact that The Wine of Oblivion is a captivating read from the first page to the last, it also provides an excellent and detailed account of an aryanization process in the wine industry; a topic that has received little or no attention. In addition, without this book, nobody would have remembered—and all would have been forgotten. Instead,Winzer Krems Sandgrube 13wants to find out more about its own roots and commissioned three historians, including Herrman and Streibel, to compile all relevant historical documents.


This paper discusses the reaction at the inter-vertebral disc. The weight distribution on the vertebrae indicates that the L5 bears the greatest weight and hence the reaction at the inter-vertebral disc between L5 and S1 is greatest. This suggests that the inter-vertebral disc between L5 and S1 is more prone to injury than other discs. Also, result shows increase in reaction in backward bending and decrease in reaction in forward bending. This explains that backward bending can easily result in a lower back pain than forward bending.


Objective: The objective of the paper is to evaluate the influence of walking training on the process of treatment of obese children. Material and methods: PubMed databases have been analyzed using the following keywords: 'obese adolescents', 'walking training', 'exercise therapy' with 'and' conjunction. In further selection process, only the walking training – on a treadmill or on a flat ground within a specific period of time – was assumed as an eligibility criterion for the analysis. Results: Two of 110 articles presenting the influence of walking training on body weight, lipid profile, and blood insulin level have been qualified for the analysis. Conclusions: The comparative analysis and interpretation of the current literature concerning walking training as the only form of physical exercise in treating child obesity is difficult. There are few publications on this subject. However, the review of results presented in these works indicates that walking training has a positive influence on the process of conservative treatment of obese children.


From the invention of obscenity as a category of censorship in the early nineteenth century to the first moral crusades against the democratization of pornography at the century's end, new relationships between knowledge and power emerged around the effects of pornography on the bodies and behavior of supposedly vulnerable audiences. Retracing the emergence of this system of regulation of images and bodies sheds light in turn on contemporary developments: how do these knowledge and power relationships evolve into their modern configurations at times of moral panic over cases involving gang rape or "sex addicts"?


In 1990 the transformation of the socio-economic system was initiated in Poland, equivalent to a departure from the command economy towards the market economy. The key factor in formation of the new economic conditions were ownership transformations, and especially privatisation1. A change of proportions in the economy to the advantage of the private sector has been taking place through transformation of the assets public to date (stateand municipally-owned) into private property, as well as establishment of private enterprises (domestic and with a share of foreign capital). In the years 1988—1998 the contribution of the private sector in formation of the GDP in Poland increased from 15.9% to 65%. This change was largely influenced by the privatisation of the state enterprises, the foreign %


Summary Detecting and locating microseismic events automatically has become a very important tool in processing large datasets in seismically very active formations. Although some formations produce only a few hundred events during a typical hydraulic fracture treatment, many shale formations are very active resulting in thousands of locatable events for a single stage. Grid search methods have proven very fast and effective in locating microseismic events. For small 2-dimensional grids each grid point can be evaluated as a potential event location but these models are only appropriate for surveys with a single sensor array and relatively simple velocity models. More complex velocity structures and surveys with multiple sensor arrays require three-dimensional models with a very large number of individual grid points. To locate events within a reasonable timeframe, usually a few seconds, it is necessary to limit the grid search to a subset of data points. Algorithms like Artificial Bee-Colony (ABC), Simulated Annealing (SA) and Differential Evolution (DE) have proven in general very fast and effective in this type of problems. Each of these algorithms is best for certain types of data. Implementing different algorithms with different search strategies provides a lot of flexibility to optimize the automatic event localization resulting in reliable phase identification and faster processing times.


Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is considered to be an important crop that is utilized for production of molasses, sugar and ethanol. Thus, identifying microbes associated with this crop plant will give more insight into plant-microbe interaction. Further, there are limited studies on sugarcane fungal endophytes. Therefore, sugarcane leaves obtained from approximately 3 month old sugarcane plants growing in Puducherry were screened for the presence of fungal endophytes, during March 2022. The study conducted to identify fungal endophytes of sugarcane resulted in isolation of a sterile form which was identified as Paraphaeosphaeria angularis, an ascomycetous fungal species, based on sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer and the 5.8S rDNA region. Maximum Likelihood method was used to infer the evolutionary history. It is the first report of this fungus, as endophyte, from sugarcane host from India. The genus Paraphaeosphaeria is known to include plant pathogens, biocontrol agents and endophytic fungi. This study highlights the importance of studying and assigning taxa to the sterile forms especially from crop plants, since a species belonging to Paraphaeosphaeria, viz. P. michotii is reported as a pathogen from sugarcane from other countries. Further studies will reveal the potential of P. angularis as fungal species known to occur just as an endophyte or a capable pathogen.


Objective To study the clinical application of lower second molars extraction and treatment using MEAW in non-surgical patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion. Methods Seven non-surgical patients of skeletal Class Ⅲ malocculsion( male 3,female 4,age ranging 13 ~16 years old,mean age 14.3)were included in the study. They were treated by MEAW technique after extraction of lower second molars;cephalometric films at the beginning and end of treatment were analyzed using cephalometric analysis. Results After treatment,all the patients reached normal occlusion relationship,the cross bite of anterior tooth was corrected,and reached the normal overbite and overjet. The lower first molars was moved 3.1 mm posteriorly ,the lower incisors were moved 2.8 mm lingually,and the angle of ANB were increased 1.2 degree. The difference was of statistical significance. Conclusions The treatment of MEAW technique after extraction of lower second molars is suitable for the non-surgical patients of skeletal Class Ⅲ malocclusion in the period of permanent teeth,whose dental germs of lower third molar are normal,and whose dentition is crowded in the mandible,and has a tendency of openbite.


The aim of this paper is to understand why the unemployment rate in Geneva is higher than in the rest of Switzerland. In order to explain the differences of cantonal unemployment rates, we use an approach based on the analysis of inflow and outflow rates into and from unemployment and the duration of individual unemployment spells among cantons. We first find that the high unemployment rate in Geneva is mainly due to a low outflow rate from unemployment. We next examine the effect of the characteristics of the unemployed population on the expected duration of their unemployment spells. Our results indicate that the unemployed persons in Geneva have very different individual characteristics than the unemployed population in the rest of Switzerland; these differences contribute to lengthen the duration of unemployment in Geneva. Thus, the high unemployment rate in Geneva is mainly due to the long duration of unemployment spells explained by the special characteristics of the pool of unemployed in this canton and by the fact that the impact of these unfavorable characteristics is even more negative in Geneva than in the rest of Switzerland.


"A masterpiece." - "BBC History Magazine". War and the state in the Anglo-Norman period was, for the late J.O. Prestwich, a lifetime's study. This book pulls together his ideas on the way that war was conducted, both by land and sea, and the ways in which it affected government and the economy. Prestwich was particularly concerned with the ways in which armed forces were raised, maintained, supplied, disciplined and transported, and the studies printed here, based on his Ford Lectures, consider the relations between war and diplomacy, propaganda and morale, military intelligence, and economic warfare. The discussion ranges widely over such issues as the purpose of "Domesday Book", the English contribution to the Lisbon crusade, and the antecedents of Magna Carta. Appendices focus on feudalism and its influence and the composition of Anglo-Norman armies. J.O. Prestwich was Fellow and Tutor in Modern History at Queen's College, Oxford.


Updated systemic proper motion estimates for 58 Milky Way satellite galaxies, based on Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), are provided. This sample is identical to that studied by McConnachie & Venn and the methodology is essentially unchanged from the original paper. The superiority of Gaia EDR3 compared to Gaia Data Release 2 means that Boötes 4, Cetus 3, Pegasus 3 and Virgo 1 have detectable systemic proper motions for the first time. For the entire galaxy sample, the median random uncertainties in the systemic proper motions are approximately a factor of two better than the previous estimates using Gaia DR2. Relevant systematic errors, which are also a factor of two smaller, dominate over random uncertainties for 25 out of the 58 objects in the sample.


FIELD: radio engineering, communication. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a wireless communication device which employs a communication protocol for transmitting and receiving data using a data validation bit. The device includes a unit for determining received data, which performs data validation for received data using a data validation bit for determining whether data are erroneous; a unit for transmitting received results which, if it is determined that the data are erroneous, discards the data and transmits a retransmit request to another wireless communication device of a transmission source, while if it is determined that the data are not erroneous, transmits a message indicating that the data are valid to another wireless communication device of the transmission source; and a retransmission request unit which determines whether the data format is right or wrong, and if it is determined that the data format is right, forwards the data for given processing, while if it is determined that the data format is wrong, discards the data and transmits a request to the unit for transmitting received results to request data retransmission. EFFECT: high transmission throughput. 11 dwg


DNA‐based TLR9 agonists are potent activators of the immune system. ProMune® and dSLIM® belong to different families of TLR9 agonists and both have been established as cancer immunotherapeutics in clinical proof‐of‐concept studies. Unfortunately, ProMune® failed in pivotal oncological trials. dSLIM®, the active ingredient of Lefitolimod (MGN1703), successfully finished a double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled phase II study in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, exhibiting improved progression‐free survival and durable disease control.


This paper introduces the composition and working principle of the LED wet cleaning equipment CDS,discusses the realization methods of chemical proportioning and rehydration,gives solution to improve proportioning and rehydration accuracy using flow sensor


The theoretical description of the physical phenomena in a gyrotron lamp is complicated - topics such as the theory of irregular waveguides or the equations of mathematical physics such as string theory should be addressed. The simple way to illustrate the physical phenomena occurring in the world of waves unfolding in the cavity of the gyrotron resonators are dispersion relations.


Depending on what we know of ourselves or the world, paranormal phenomena can be seen (constructed) as normal, abnormal or inconceivable. If we assume that we and the world are based on the materialistic principle that everything, ultimately, is based on observable physical processes, paranormal phenomena are inconceivable and will be ignored, denied, derided or normalized. Contrary to this, followers of dualism and panexperientialism claim that their principles render it possible to consider paranormal phenomena as normal or, at least, as a normal abnormality. Dualists do this by regarding the mind, in addition to matter and energy, as another kind of existence; panexperientialists do this by seeing matter as having both physical and mental aspects. In this paper, the first section starts with describing some of the ways in which those who see the materialistic principle as inviolable deal with paranormal phenomena. How unjust this materialistic attitude is, given the quality of contemporary research into paranormal phenomena will be shown in the next section. However, this does not mean that even parapsychologists are convinced of the existence of all paranormal phenomena. Precognition, especially, is regarded as impossible by some of them. Contrary to this, the possibility that this phenomenon is real will be discussed. In the third and fourth sections the claim will be examined that, contrary to materialism, dualism and panexperientialism can function as underpinnings of paranormal phenomena. Because, as is shown, they cannot fulfil this function, the fifth section describes an interpretation of panpsychism that can in fact do so. Correspondence details: Ilja Maso, University for Humanistics, P.O. Box 797, 3500 AT Utrecht, The Netherlands. Email: email@example.com.


We present the potential advantages of using combined imaging systems involving a passive polarimetric thermal imager and a polarimetric laser imager.


We improve the reflection performance of HCGs by introducing a slab waveguide layer. Moreover, high-Q (>106) filters with simple structure based on HCGs are demonstrated through symmetry breaking.


ix CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Dissertation Organization 3 References 3 CHAPTER 2. CONVERGENCE IN U.S. TFP GROWTH FOR AGRICULTURE 5 Abstract 5 Introduction 6 The Model 13 Biological Processes 13 Convergence 16 Data and Variables 20 Results 22 Convergence 24 Discussion 35 Conclusion 37 References 38 Appendix A 41 Appendix B 42 CHAPTER 3. INTER-SECTOR R&D SPILLOVERS 43 Introduction 43 Econometric Model 47 The Production Model 48 Supply and Input Demand Functions 50 Elasticities, Bias Effects, and Shadow Values 50


The planning and execution of sequential saccades can overlap in time, and abrupt changes in neural activity in the oculomotor system can alter the normal trajectory of saccades. In this study, we analyzed saccade trajectories to assess the combined programming of sequential saccades. In two separate psychophysical experiments, subjects were instructed to make a sequence of two saccades. The results showed modulation of saccade curvature by the direction and amplitude of both the preceding and following saccade: saccade curvature is modulated in the direction of preceding saccades, and away from the direction of following saccades. Moreover, larger preceding and following saccades have stronger effects on curvature. These results support the idea that sequential saccades are programmed concurrently. Finally, the amount of saccade curvature is correlated with the deviation of saccade start and end points, and the time of maximum deviation of saccade trajectories is highly consistent in both experiments. Based on this, we propose a novel benefit for the modulation of saccade trajectories by the oculomotor system: minimizing the saccadic error in sequential saccades.


Integration of MOPFA (Master Oscillator Power Fibre Amplifier) technology with photonic crystal fibre has led of a family of compact, versatile, broad band (500nm- 2000nm) sources with pumps operating from CW to femtosecond. High spectral power density (~20mW/nm) is achieved in the c ontinua and scaling points to 100mW/nm being readily possible with single mode delivery. Through the introduction of air-core photonic bandgap fibres, further pulse compre ssion and high peak pow er is achievable in all-fibre chirp pulse amplifier configurations.


The AC Quantum Voltmeter, which was a breakthrough as an accredited, industrial-tested, fast and easy-to-use DC and AC voltage quantum-based calibrating system, has now been taken one step further with new extensive capabilities covering resistance and current measurements. Using equipment readily available in calibration laboratories, the new Quantum Calibrator covers a wide range of resistance by means of ratio measurement on a set of standard resistors. The same set of resistors is used for calibrating the current output of commercial calibrators, where the current is applied on a resistor and the output voltage is measured with the Josephson voltage standard.


The article considers the possibility for increasing the uniformity of heating in the microwave dielectric electromagnetic field generated by a tunable source of microwave energy.


For the last decade the Transport and Logistics Centre (TALC) has been facilitating, designing, developing and trialling various national, State and local programmes in the field of capability building in transport and logistics. From the experiences of TALC has emerged an innovative approach to policy development: one which relies on the use of third parties to act as intermediaries in the development and implementation of new ideas. Termed 3PI for 'Third Party Intermediation,' this approach has been successfully applied by TALC in policy areas such as mentoring, professional development, career pathways, skills and training, recruitment, school student awareness of employment prospects, safety and more. The lessons to be learned from the TALC experience, across both private and public sectors, are here summarized and discussed for the benefit of others who may wish to tread the same road towards testing new ways and means to tackle complex, wicked and challenging policy problems. 3PI is well suited for greater application by government, given the expectations for increased engagement and collaboration with stakeholders in policy development and implementation. In TALC's view, this application will be enhanced by nurturing the enabling factors it has identified for effective 3PI, and avoiding the negative influences that work against success. Applying a rigorous process to assess the suitability of 3PI in a policy context, and then to design and manage a resulting initiative, is central to getting the best out of the 3PI approach. For 3PI to become a commonplace option in the policy toolbox, a number of barriers need to be addressed to build a supportive public service culture, allow a permanent feature. Public service officers applying 3PI will require skill sets attuned to this more interactive environment. These broader advances will also assist the appreciation of emergent factors for successful 3PI, and lead to ongoing development of best practice.


We substantiate the necessity of the formation of socio-cultural competence among high school students in foreign language lessons through authentic feature films. We carry out the analysis of the concept of "sociocultural competence", its aspect composition (axiological, informational, activity), levels (critical, adaptive and productive), reflecting the formation of sociocultural competence in high school students, and criteria (motivation, cognition, functionality and beha-vior) are determined, based on which these levels are highlighted. We consider the issues of using the technology of blended learning in teaching foreign languages. The main focus is on the selec-tion of educational technology "flipped class", which is referred to as blended learning models. The teaching model based on the inverted classroom technology consists of the following compo-nents: updated content, interactive methods, organizational forms, means of traditional and dis-tance learning and a set of independently developed tasks and exercises for three stages of working with feature films (interrogation, viewing, post-viewing). The testing of this complex is carried out within the framework of a specially conducted pedagogical experiment, as a result of which the complex has confirmed its effectiveness. We prove that methodologically well-organized work on the formation of socio-cultural competence among high school students in foreign language lessons through authentic feature films makes the process of teaching a foreign language creative and constructive.


This invention discloses a sheet material with three protecting functions specially used in steel structure construction and the method of making, which is a new environmental material used with construction steel structure, comprising fire-proof material, white cement, industrial residue, arable straw, inorganic powdered ore, organic glue, fire-proofing agent, moisture-proof agent and preserve resin, and with advantages of large size, high intensity, fire-proof, moisture-proof, non-toxic, simple process, low cost and recycled usage.


At this paper, we are studing recurrent Hopf hypersurfaces in the Sasakian space formand prove that such hypersurface is the product of the Sasakian space form and the geodesic curve.Key Words and Phrases: Recurrent hypersurfaces, Sasakian manifold.


For energy saving, it is planned to use galvannealed high strength steels for the car body materials. However, the influences of the high strength steel substrate on the fracture behavior of the coating layer and interfacial debonding behavior have not been revealed yet. In the present work, numerical analysis using a finite element method was carried out. It was revealed that (i) the higher the tensile strength of the substrate, the shorter becomes the crack spacing of the coating layer and (ii) the less interfacial debonding takes place in high strength substrate steels due to the short crack spacing, as long as the coating layer- and interfacial bonding-strengths of high strength substrate samples are the same as those of low strength ones.


Withdraws the tyrosinase from the fresh Sydney,respectively take the catechol,the L-dopa are many as the substrate,observes vitamin E-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex to the tyrosine enzyme activity influence.Results:low concentrations of vitamin E-β cyclodextrin inclusion of tyrosinase is the role of inhibition.Vitamin E-β-cyclodextrin inclusion in 0.5 percent concentrations at the tyrosinase has most inhibitory rates,it is 48.98% as the catechol substrate.


Objective: To find a good method for treating burn patients caused by epileptic attack. Method: 9 cases of this disease were treated with MEBT/MEBO after the epileptic attack had been controlled.Result: MEBT/MEBO had very good pain relieving effect. Superficial 2nd degree burn wounds healed in 8 ±1.69 days, deep 2nd degree wounds healed in 20±2.15 days and 3rd degree wounds healed in 34±4.66 days. 2 cases with 3rd degree burn healed after skin grafting, but no hyperplastic scar formed. No recurrence of epilepsy. Conclusion: MEBT/MEBO has very good efficacy in treating burn caused by epileptic attack.


(57) Abstract: manual fabric treatment, e.g. pretreatment, soaking, and / or rinsing, a foam control system contains a composition of use, transparency value of 0.2% upon dilution of the composition 0.04 wt% of dimethyl bis (sterol-yl oxy ethyl) ammonium chloride aqueous solution lower than, provides a composition wherein the foam control value is at least about 50%.


Hidden credentials are useful in situations where requests for service, credentials, access policies and resources are extremely sensitive. Current research related to hidden credentials has the shortage that the attribute model cannot provide the complex description. This paper presents a hierarchical hidden credential model which combines the attribute tree structure and the hierarchical identity-based encryption. Attribute tree structure is given that is used to organize sensitive information and the hierarchical hidden credential model is applied to carry and transport credentials, sensitive access control policy, and private resource and so on. This model expands the attribute from a simple atom one to an attribute tree. After the evaluation, it is proven that this model overcomes the shortcomings such as high-load network communication, too many credential exchanges which was caused by attribute-based access control policy. The usability and expansibility of hidden credentials were improved also.


What is Dr Barton talking about and how is this possible? Dr Barton and many other primary care clinicians across Kaiser Permanente (KP) are part of a pilot project called the 21st Century Care Innovation Project. The purpose of this project is to leverage the use of KP HealthConnectTM (an organizationwide electronic health record system) to transform care and create thriving physician practices. The Health Plan and delivery systems of KP, like the rest of the nation's health care systems, are facing significant cost pressures from employer groups and the largest single purchaser—Medicare. There is increasing risk of losing customers who can't afford insurance premiums. Adding pressure to KP's cost position in the market is its multibillion dollar strategic investment in KP HealthConnect and the need to rebuild aging facilities. For primary care practitioners, the model for delivering care is still based on a production model where patients move through a complex system. The majority of work for physicians and staff revolves around dealing with what is in front of them in the moment. There is little time, room, or incentive for changing work to create flexibility and capacity to meet the growing needs of members. Now more than ever, there is a need to transform care delivery so that health care is more cost effective, convenient, and satisfying for KP members and provides a fulfilling work environment for clinicians and staff. Design In September 2005, the KP Partnership Group (KPPG) chartered the 21st Century Care Innovation Project in collaboration with the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI). The project outcome is to improve patient care delivery by making primary care more patient centered, and simultaneously developing a more fulfilling and sustainable work environment for physicians and staff (Table 1 and Figure 1). This collaboration of KP labor partners and nine innovation teams from five KP regions and Group Health Cooperative focuses on changing the work they do, not just improving efficiency (Table 2). The overall direction for designing a new primary care model was established by leaders from the Permanente Medical Groups and Kaiser Foundation Health Plan and Hospitals and built from the tenets of the Blue Sky vision.


We previously reported that serotonin (5‐HT) increased glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) release in a 5‐HT2 receptor (5‐HT2R) and mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal‐related kinase (MEK/ERK)‐dependent manner in rat C6 glioma cells (C6 cells), a model of astrocytes. We herein found that 5‐HT‐induced rapid ERK phosphorylation was blocked by 5‐HT2R antagonists in C6 cells. We therefore examined 5‐HT‐induced ERK phosphorylation to reveal the mechanism of 5‐HT‐induced GDNF mRNA expression. As 5‐HT‐induced ERK phosphorylation was blocked by inhibitors for Gαq/11 and fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), but not for second messengers downstream of Gαq/11, 5‐HT2R‐mediated FGFR transactivation was suggested to be involved in the ERK phosphorylation. Although FGFR1 and 2 were functionally expressed in C6 cells, 5‐HT selectively phosphorylated FGFR2. Indeed, small interfering RNA for FGFR2, but not for FGFR1, blocked 5‐HT‐induced ERK phosphorylation. As Src family tyrosine kinase inhibitors and microtubule depolymerizing agents blocked 5‐HT‐induced FGFR2 phosphorylation, Src family tyrosine kinase and stabilized microtubules were suggested to act upstream of FGFR2. Finally, 5‐HT‐induced GDNF mRNA expression was also inhibited by the blockade of 5‐HT2R, FGFR, and Src family tyrosine kinase. In conclusion, our findings suggest that 5‐HT induces GDNF mRNA expression via 5‐HT2R‐mediated FGFR2 transactivation in C6 cells.


The paper concerns accuracy of emotion recognition from facial expressions. As there are a couple of ready off-the-shelf solutions available in the market today, this study aims at practical evaluation of selected solutions in order to provide some insight into what potential buyers might expect. Two solutions were compared: FaceReader by Noldus and Xpress Engine by QuantumLab. The performed evaluation revealed that the recognition accuracies differ for photo and video input data and therefore solutions should be matched to the specificity of the application domain.