Purpose
The study of sustainability within universities is recognized as essential for debates and research; in the long term, the "sustainable university" concepts can contribute to sustainability from a larger perspective. This study aims to propose a conceptual model for evaluating the students' sustainability considering their interactions with the university and the environment. The proposed model is titled Sunshine model. It is applied to students of the La Salle University, Peru.

Design/methodology/approach
The model combines academic performance, happiness and the ecological footprint to quantify university students' sustainability. A structured questionnaire survey was elaborated and applied to get the raw data that feeds the three methods. The students' average grades evaluate academic performance. Happiness is quantified by the happiness index method, and the ecological footprint is measured by the demand for food, paper, electricity, transport and built-up areas. Results are evaluated under both approaches, overall group performance and clusters.

Findings
The proposed model avoids misleading interpretations of a single indicator or discussions on sustainability that lack a conceptual model, bringing robustness in assessing students' sustainability in universities. To have a low ecological footprint, the student needs to need up to 1 planet for their lifestyle, be considered happy with at least 0.8 (of 1) for happiness index, and have good academic performance with at least a grade of 7 (of 10) in their course. Regarding the case study, La Salle students show a high academic grade degree of 7, a high level for happiness index of 0.8 and low performance for ecological footprint by demanding 1.8 Earth planets, resulting in an "environmentally distracted" overall classification for students with 2019 data. From a cluster approach, 81% of evaluated students (n = 603) have low performance for ecological footprint, whereas 31% have low performance for indicators of recreational activities of happiness. Changing lifestyles and making more recreational activities available play crucial roles in achieving higher sustainability for the La Salle students.

Research limitations/implications
The happiness assessment questionnaire can be subject to criticism, as it was created as a specific method for this type of audience based on existing questionnaires in the literature. Although it can be seen as an important approach for diagnoses, the proposed model does not consider the cause–effect aspect. The decision-maker must consider the sociocultural aspects before implementing plan actions.

Practical implications
University managers can better understand why university students have high or low sustainability performance and provide more effective actions toward higher levels of students' sustainability.

Originality/value
The proposed model, Sunshine model, overcomes the single-criteria existing tools that access the sustainability of universities. Rather than focusing on university infrastructure, the proposed model focuses on the students and their relationship with the university.


The crystal structure of La2SiO5 was refined from laboratory X-ray powder diffraction data (CuKα1) using the Rietveld method. The crystal structure is monoclinic (space group P21∕c,Z=4) with lattice dimensions a=0.93320(2) nm, b=0.75088(1) nm, c=0.70332(1) nm, β=108.679(1)°, and V=0.46687(1) nm3. The final reliability indices were Rwp=7.14%, RP=5.52%, and RB=3.83%. There are two La sites in the structural model, La1 and La2. La1 is ninefold coordinated to oxygen, forming a tricapped trigonal prism with a mean La1-O distance of 0.263 nm. The La2O7 coordination polyhedron is a distorted capped octahedron with a mean La2-O distance of 0.251 nm. The La1O9 polyhedra share faces and the La2O7 polyhedra share edges, forming two sets of sheets that alternate parallel to the (100) plane. These sheets are linked through SiO4 tetrahedra and non-silicon-bonded oxygen atoms to form a three-dimensional structure. This compound is isomorphous with the low-temperature (X1) phases of R2SiO5 (R=Y and Gd). The volumes of RO9 polyhedra steadily increase with increasing ionic radius of R, from Y3+ to Gd3+ to La3+, which causes substantial volumetric expansion of the crystals.


Context As instructional part-time, non-tenure-track faculty (NTTF) come to constitute an increasing proportion of all teaching faculty in the United States, significant research has investigated the experiences and perspectives of these essential higher education workers. In past decades, a subset of this work has sought to typologize this heterogenous group by various characteristics including their professional attributes and motivations for teaching part-time. Yet these typologies evidence limited usefulness to the robust and current scholarly debate surrounding NTTF in higher education. Purpose This article presents a novel typology of part-time NTTF for the new era of faculty work—an era marked by financial inequality. Thus, the proposed typology sorts these faculty, within the context of structural inequality, by their motivation to teach part-time and their financial dependence on this work. Research Design This analytic essay synthesizes literature on the attributes, work experiences, perspectives, and motivations of part-time NTTF in order to critique existing part-time faculty typologies and present a novel classification system. Conclusions The proposed typology advances three types of part-time NTTF: "thrivers"— those who work as teachers predominantly by preference; "survivors" —those who work as teachers predominantly out of financial need; and "strivers" —those who work as teachers because of a combination of preference and financial need. As proposed, the new typology enables a more complex understanding of part-time faculty's work experiences and better differentiates lines of future inquiry and practice for these essential professionals, many of whom are indispensable to, yet face inequitable working conditions within, the field of higher education.


During this Phase I project, IOS, in collaboration with our subcontractors at General Atomics, Inc., acquired and analyzed measurement data on various plasma equilibrium modes. We developed a Matlab-based toolbox consisting of linear and neural network approximators that are capable of learning and predicting, with accuracy, the behavior of plasma parameters. We also began development of the control algorithm capable of using the model of the plasma obtained by the neural network approximator.


Abstract In order to realize real-time capnographic monitoring, a compact carbon dioxide sensor based on tunable diode laser spectroscopy technology was developed by means of a 2004 nm distributed feedback laser and a circular gas cell. The toroidal cell can achieve an optical path length of 3.49 m in a volume of 38 ml, which enables the tunable diode laser spectroscopy carbon dioxide sensor to achieve a detection limit of 175 ppm at a measurement rate of 12.5 Hz. The actual exhaled carbon dioxide gas detection experiments were implemented, including the breath analysis of a normal subject under different conditions and another subject with pneumothorax. It indicates that the sensor has good effectiveness and practicability for carbon dioxide metabolic monitoring and related disease diagnosis.


A 3rd-order fully-differential continuous time elliptic filter is presented which is composed of widely-linear input V-I converters with a minimum supply voltage of 1.5 V and 1% THD for rail-to- rail input swing. In a 1.2 /spl mu/m n-well CMOS process, this filter can achieve 3dB frequency of 163 kHz with only 138 /spl mu/W power dissipation at 1.5 V supply voltage. THD with 50 kHz 1V/sub pp/ fully-differential input signal is 1.8%.


Personalized response selection systems are 001 generally grounded on persona . However, the 002 angle of emotion influencing response selec- 003 tion is not explored. Also, faithfulness to the 004 conversation context of these systems plunges 005 when a contradictory or an off-topic response 006 is selected. This paper makes an attempt to 007 address these issues by proposing a suite of 008 fusion strategies that capture the interaction 009 between persona, emotion, and entailment in- 010 formation of the utterances. A concept-flow 011 encoder is designed which capture the rele- 012 vant concept knowledge both in context and 013 responses. Ablation studies were done on 014 Persona-Chat dataset show that incorpo- 015 rating emotion, entailment improves the accu- 016 racy of response selection. We combine our 017 fusion strategies and concept-flow encoding to 018 train a BERT based model which outperforms 019 the previous methods by margins larger than 020 1.9% on original personas and 1.7% on revised 021 personas in terms of hits@1 (top-1 accuracy), 022 achieving a new state-of-the-art performance 023 on the Persona-Chat dataset.


This paper focusses on proposing a system for grid based health care center. The paper dicusses the importance of  health care center and grid computing. It also focusses on the proposed sytem architecture for the system which has to be built. We will also discuss about the needed scheduling algorithm in this paper that will run in the system and help in data sharing process. The numerous user interface screens states the kind of system we are about to develop.


Purple sweet potato ice cream is an ice cream made from purple sweet potato paste as main ingredient. In general, ice cream production use of stabilizer for effecting the characteristic. One of the ingredients as the stabilizers are carrageenan and sago starch. This research aimed to find out the effect of carrageenan and sago starch formulation on physical, chemical and sensory properties of purple sweet potato ice cream. The research design was using a randomized block design of 1 factor which is comparison different ratios of carrageenan and sago starch  that consist of 6 level of treatment (0.5%:0.0% , 0.4%:0.1% , 0.3%:0.2%, 0.2%:0.3%, 0.1%:0.4  and 0.0%:0.5%) with 4 replication. The research showed that the most preferred of ice cream at carrageenan 0% and sago starch 0.5% formulation with the physical (melting time is 2.01 minute/g, the viscosity is 4.25 d.PaS and overrun 38.79%),  the chemical (11.11% of fat and 34.60°Brix of TDS), and sensory such as aroma 3.77(like), taste 4.03 (like), and texture 3.80 (like)


Abstract Ageing and deterioration of underground tunnels is inevitable after their long-time in service. This necessitates a rigorous assessment of the probability of failure due to deterioration with a view to predicting remaining safe life. In the light of considerable research undertaken on prediction of service life of the aboveground structures, e.g. bridges, few such studies dealing with the underground structures, e.g. tunnels, have been carried out. The intention of this paper is to present a time-dependent reliability method to assess the tunnel probability failure due to different mechanisms of deterioration. Stochastic models are developed for four common failure modes of tunnel structures as identified by strength and serviceability criteria. Application of the proposed methodology is demonstrated in a case study. It is found in the paper that the reinforcement corrosion is a key factor that affects the probability of deterioration failure and that all deterioration scenarios need to be considered in the assessment of tunnel failures and prediction of their remaining safe life. The proposed method can help the asset managers and practitioners in developing rehabilitation or replacement strategy for existing tunnels with a view for better management of the valuable tunnel asset.


Background: We have demonstrated that vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) show the synthetic phenotype that induces the angiotensin (Ang) II production and the exaggerated growth. We found that complement 3 (C3) is expressed only in VSMCs from SHR, not in cells from Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, by microarray analysis. We also demonstrated that C3 changes VSMCs to the synthetic phenotype through KLF-5. In the present study, we investigated contributions of C3 on phenotypic change and the exaggerated growth of VSMCs and mesangial cells (MCs) from SHR and SHR-SP in vitro, and cardiovascular and renal organ growth in SHR-SP in vivo. Designand Methods: We examined C3a inhibitor SB290157 on proliferation, expression of phenotype marker and KLF-5 mRNAs in VSMCs or MCs from WKY rats, SHR and SHR-SP. We examined effects of SB290157 on Ang II production in VSMCs or MCs measured by radioimmunoassay in conditioned medium.We examined effects of SB290157 on PCNA staining in aortic and kidney from three strains in vivo. Results: SB290157 significantly inhibited proliferation, expression of phenotype markers and KLF-5 mRNAs and significantly decreased Ang II production in VSMCs and MCs from SHR and SHR-SP.C3a inhibitor significantly suppressed PCNA staining in kidney from SHR/Izm and SHR-SP/Izm in vivo. Conclusion: C3a-C3a receptor system is a primary factor that genetically involved in the cardiovascular and renal remodelings in hypertension.


In the external pressure forming process,a tubular part can be formed onto a mandrel in the tube blank by external hydraulic pressure.During the forming process,the cross-section of the tube blank is reduced and the inner side of the tube is pressed onto the surface of the mandrel so that the formed part has a precision inner contour corresponding with the mandrel.Finite element method was applied to analyze the main factors affecting buckling deformation features and forming process.Reducing the length of the tube causes an increase in the number of circumferential buckles and a decrease in the critical buckling pressure.Increasing the wall thickness leads to a reduction in the number of buckles and an increase in the critical buckling pressure.In addition,for a tube blank with a certain shape defect,the critical buckling pressure is much lower than that of a perfect circular-cross-section tube.However,the defect has no significant effect on the forming result.


Via the electrical connection portion (3) of the battery pack 2 to the electronic apparatus (1) is adapted to supply power by removably mounted. The battery pack 2 and the electronic device (1) communication line for broadcasting information between, for example, the data line (3h, 3f), the clock line using (3i, 3g), the battery pack 2 of the CPU (2f ) is by detecting the signal state of the communication line, if the state of being electrically connected to the connecting portion of the electronic apparatus (1), the battery pack 2 is electrically isolated from the connecting portion of the electronic equipment (1) detects the state in which do. As a result, it is possible to reduce the number of connection terminals used when electrically connect the battery pack to the electronic equipment, reducing the problem of the reduction in size and the terminal contact failure.


This study was conducted in the animal's farm in college of agriculture / Tikrit University, during the period from February to august 2014. Ten Iraqi cross breed Holstein heifers were used for detect the age of puberty and relationship between this ages with body weight and body condition score. In addition some biochemical metabolite (cholesterol, glucose, total protein and triglyceride) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were tested using spectrophotometer and estimated the correlation with the age of puberty. All above parameters were estimated biweekly until puberty. Puberty was defined as the 1st ovulation achievement by using Trans-rectal the ultrasound technique which performed every other day. The result of the current study illustrated that age of puberty in Iraqi cross breed Holstein depending on proven by the occurrence of the first ovulation was 4.72 ± 48.4 week at mean value of body weight (BW kg) 234.60 ± 11.14 kg and BCS 2.65 ±0.10. There was significant correlation (p<0.05) between age of puberty and mean body weight and body condition score. The glucose concentration did not change significantly with the increasing animal age, whereas the triglyceride concentration was decreasing as the animal approaches puberty. The concentration of cholesterol, total protein and ALP were increasing as the animals approach puberty age. The present study demonstrated a significant correlation (p<0.05) between the age of puberty with the concentration of total protein and ALP only.


Considering the factor of indoor air quality, the paper discussed the thermal environment in workplace in cigarette factory, and followed with some advice.


Tube hydroforming (THF) technology is an efficient and economical technology of tube plastic forming process. Constitutive equation is the foundation of tubular material selection and finite element analysis, which also provides a way of mathematical modeling in reflection of material macroscopic properties. In this paper, the importance of constitutive equation to THF process is briefly discussed; the present establishment methods of constitutive equation are classified; the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are clarified; the development trend in establishment methods is summarized.


Correlations were developed to estimate the resilient modulus of various Wisconsin subgrade soils from basic soil properties. A laboratory testing program was conducted on common subgrade soils to evaluate their physical and compaction properties. The resilient modulus of the investigated soils was determined from repeated load triaxial testing according to the AASHTO T 307 procedure. The laboratory testing program produced consistent results and a high-quality database. The resilient modulus constitutive equation adopted by NCHRP Project 1-37A was selected for this study. Comprehensive statistical analysis was performed to develop correlations between basic soil properties and the resilient modulus model parameters ki. The analysis did not yield good results when the whole test database was used. However, good results were obtained when fine-grained and coarse-grained soils were analyzed separately. The correlations developed were able to estimate the resilient modulus of the compacted subgrade soils wit...


For a robot to navigate in terrains of rough and uneven topographies, its drives and controllers must generate and control large mechanical power with great precision. This paper is aimed at developing an autonomous robot with active-suspensions in form of a hybrid quadrupedal-wheel drive mechanism. This involves a computational approach to optimizing the development cost without compromising the system's performance. Using the Solidworks CAD tool, auxiliary components were designed and integrated with the bed structure to form an actively suspended robot drive mechanism. Also, using the S-Math Computing tool, the robot's suspension system was optimized, employing a four-bar mechanism. To enhance the compatibility of this design with the intended controller, some mathematical equations and numerical validations were formulated and solved. These included the modeling of tip-over stability and skid steering, the trendline equations for computing the angular positions of the suspension servomotors, and the computation of R2– values for determining the accuracy of these trendline equations. Using finite element analysis (FEA), we simulated the structural integrity of key sub-components of the final structure. The results show that our mechanical design is appropriate for developing an actively suspended robot that can efficiently navigate in different terrestrial sites and topographies.


The invention relates to a device (1) for cutting multiple long rod-shaped articles of the tobacco processing industry, in particular multiple length filter rods, having in item rod segments with at least one or more blades (01/28 to 05/28, 128.1 to 128.5) knife shaft (26, 126) wherein the one or diameter (1.28 to 5.28, 128.1 to 128.5) are for cutting the rod-shaped articles in each case several articles bar segments on a conveyor member (10) arrangeable or arranged. The device (1) is characterized in that the knife shaft (26, 126) provided with a for the knife shaft (26, 126) drive (60) is detachably connected or connectable. Furthermore, the invention relates to a machine of the tobacco processing industry, in particular a filter or filter assembly device.


The information superhighway is here and stretching further than the eye can see. Our working environment is becoming ever more hectic and demanding, computers and information technology are more pervasive, and limitations are perishing. The once solo dimension of information and technology is now multifaceted and convoluted in disposition (Ngo & Zhou, 2005). As a result, organizations need to be more vigilant than ever in actively responding to new information and technology security challenges and to ensure survivability in this new age. Over the years many information technology (IT) security approachestechnical, managerial, and inst itutionalizationhave surfaced. Also safeguards and countermeasures have been developed, practiced, and learned within organizations. Despite all these attempts to reduce and/or eradicate IT security threats and vulnerabilities, the issue still continues to be problematic for organizations. Solutions are needed that will reach the core of the problemsafeguarding and controlling humansthe human aspect of IT security. Humans are a pervasive element in our businesses and critical infrastructures, the element which interacts with systems, services, information, and information technology. Furthermore, humans are responsible for the design, development, operation, administration, and maintenance of our information systems and resources. Therefore the ultimate success of any effort to secure information resources depends largely on the behavior and attitudes of the humans involved. While technological solutions can solve some information security problems, even the finest technology cannot succeed without the cooperation of humans. IT security is not just a technical problem that can be solved with technical solutions, but also a human problem that requires human solutions. This article reviews the current literature on the human aspect of IT security within an organizational context. Human-related IT security concerns are summarized, and current human-related IT security solutions are examined and discussed. In this article, we consider IT security culture as a plausible solution to improving IT security-related behavior and attitudes of humans. We present our IT security culture transition model that is currently being trialed in three organizations to assist with increasing IT security awareness and hence improve the IT security culture of the individuals (managers and employees) and overall organization. Further, we discuss the potential individual psychological experiences of managers and employees during the transitional change towards IT security culture change.


The utility model relates to a clean water pump water supply pipe filtering device, a clean water pump water supply pipe and a clean water pipe. The filtering device comprises at least two connection portions used for communicating water supply pipes and filtering portions disposed between at least two connection portions and used for filtering impurities in water. The clean water pump water supply pipe filtering device can filter impurities in water flow via a gauze screen in the filtering device, and can filter impurities including scrap iron, detritus and the like which cause blockage in the water supply pipe, thereby providing cleaner water source for the clean water pipe on a working surface.


The experience teaching is an effective teaching method to cultivate applied talents.The training goal of the marketing major in university is to cultivate talents who have both basic and professional,skilled in marketing theory knowledge,have a higher level of practice skill,be able to adapt to the needs of market.The introduction of the experiential teaching method need to identify personnel training specification,do curriculum design,use multiple forms of implementation method,and provides the corresponding teaching guarantee.


Abstract o-Quinonemethides generated by condensation of 6-methylhept-5-en-2-ol with various salicylaldehydes in the presence of 30 mol% of fluoroboric acid etherate or triflic acid undergo [4+2]-cycloaddition reaction in situ to afford angularly fused pyranochromene derivatives in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities.


Low temperature dynamics (tunneling and vibrational relaxation) in doped polyisobutylene film has been reinvestigated using 2-pulse incoherent photon echo (2IPE) and compared with single-molecule spectroscopy (SMS) data. It has been shown that in a very wide range of low temperatures the 2IPE gives optical dephasing times which correspond to the narrowest zero-phonon lines of single dye molecules.


In the present study, we propose a new photocatalytic interface prepared by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS), and investigated for the degradation of Reactive Green 12 (RG12) as target contaminant under visible light light-emitting diodes (LEDs) illumination. The CuxO/TiO2 nanoparticulate photocatalyst was sequentially sputtered on polyester (PES). The photocatalyst formulation was optimized by investigating the effect of different parameters such as the sputtering time of CuxO, the applied current, and the deposition mode (direct current magnetron sputtering, DCMS or HiPIMS). The results showed that the fastest RG12 degradation was obtained on CuxO/TiO2 sample prepared at 40 A in HiPIMS mode. The better discoloration efficiency of 53.4% within 360 min was found in 4 mg/L of RG12 initial concentration and 0.05% Cuwt/PESwt as determined by X-ray fluorescence. All the prepared samples contained a TiO2 under-layer with 0.02% Tiwt/PESwt. By transmission electron microscopy (TEM), both layers were seen uniformly distributed on the PES fibers. The effect of the surface area to volume (dye volume) ratio (SA/V) on the photocatalytic efficiency was also investigated for the discoloration of 4 mg/L RG12. The effect of the presence of different chemicals (scavengers, oxidant or mineral pollution or salts) in the photocatalytic medium was studied. The optimization of the amount of added hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) was also investigated in detail. Both, H2O2 and K2S2O8 drastically affected the discoloration efficiency up to 7 and 6 times in reaction rate constants, respectively. Nevertheless, the presence of Cu (metallic nanoparticles) and NaCl salt inhibited the reaction rate of RG12 discoloration by about 4 and 2 times, respectively. Moreover, the systematic study of reactive oxygen species' (ROS) contribution was also explored with the help of iso-propanol, methanol, and potassium dichromate as •OH radicals, holes (h+), and superoxide ion-scavengers, respectively. Scavenging results showed that O2− played a primary role in RG12 removal; however, •OH radicals' and photo-generated holes' (h+) contributions were minimal. The CuxO/TiO2 photocatalyst was found to have a good reusability and stability up to 21 cycles. Ions' release was quantified by means of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) showing low Cu-ions' release.


The invention relates to a preparation method for loading a titanium dioxide (TiO2) nano fiber photocatalyst on a basalt cellucotton substrate. The method comprises the following raw materials: tetrabutyl titanate, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPK90), absolute ethyl alcohol, nitric acid and basalt cellucotton. A precursor solution is prepared by adopting tetrabutyl titanate, nitric acid and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVPK90), PVP/TiO2 composite fibers are precipitated on the basalt cellucotton substrate after being pre-processed by an electrospinning technique, then the basalt cellucotton substrate with the PVP/TiO2 composite fibers is insulated and sintered and then cooled to the room temperature, so that the photocatalyst with TiO2 nano fibers being loaded on the basalt cellucotton substrate is obtained. The method is characterized in that the TiO2 nano fibers with large draw ratio, controllable diameter and large specific surface area is loaded on the basalt cellucotton substrate with large porous surface area, so that the TiO2 photocatalytic efficiency is improved, and the catalyst is easy to recover.


The status-quo bias is a behavioral bias that may increase the energy consumption of a household through at least three channels: (1) by making consumers keep their energy-using durables as long as possible, until wearout forces them to replace their equipment (2) by making consumers choose new energy-using durables that resemble the existent ones that need replacement, and (3) by making consumers overuse appliances in an attempt to mentally amortize the initial investment cost. The results presented in this study are a first attempt to empirically investigate whether the presence of bias towards the status quo plays a role in individuals energy-related decision making. Using data from a large household survey conducted in three European countries (Switzerland, the Netherlands and Italy), we find that our measure of status-quo bias is a significant predictor of both the age of home appliances as well as the level of consumption of energy services of a household. The tendency of status-quo biased individuals to keep their current appliances longer and to use their appliances more is also reflected in the total electricity consumption of the households, which is found to be around 5.7% higher than the consumption of households in which the household head is not status-quo biased. The status-quo bias thus has the potential to create a substantial barrier to reaching the energy-efficiency targets of the European Union. These findings prompt policy makers to design policy instruments that take this barrier into account.


A combination of different in situ techniques were used to investigate the activation and deactivation processes of supported metal catalysts such as α-Fe 2 O 3 for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and Rh based catalysts for the synthesis of higher alcohols. The pressure was varied between a few millibars and atmospheric pressure.


Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising technology quite useful in many industries including biotechnology, biomedical, textiles, and food processing. The contrivance of plasma technology can be a potential game-changer to use in any possible way in these industries. This CAP technology is technically a green process with no generation of chemically harmful substances with more ecological and economic benefits. This review article will focus on the research done in the textile industry and food processing, how plasma brings in an effective change in these industrial sectors as well the as application of CAP in disinfection, sterilization, microbial inactivation, and surface modification to obtain desirable results. Recently, there have been reports of successful use of CAP technology for surface inactivation of SARS-CoV-2, plasma-activated water for disinfection of SARS-CoV-2. This article will streamline the innovations in textiles and food industries achieved using plasma technology and what gaps industries face while manufacturing. The focus will be on what research has already done while depicting the gaps and opportunities for using plasma technology in these industries and making use of it to achieve a circular economy, which is one of the major policies of the European countries. A circular economy enables manufactures to produce goods which can be reused, recycled, refurbished, and repaired rather than scrapping them after a single use. The reduction of harmful chemicals, wastewater treatment, and sterilization is achieved using plasma technology and allows reusing the resources which consequently helps to achieve most of the UN's sustainable development goals and help society to live a sustainable and better life.


To provide high quality annular casting blank for short process of compound casting-rolling,the characteristic of solidification structure of 42CrMo in centrifugal casting steel was analyzed through numerical simulation,and the possible macro-segregation was predicted. All sorts of reasons for macro-segregation were summarized.The measures of reducing macro-segregation were put forward.


Function approximation is an important type of supervised machine learning techniques, which aims to create a model for an unknown function to find a relationship between input and output data. The aim of the proposed approach is to develop and evaluate a function approximation models using Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (RBFN) and Particles Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. We proposed Hybrid RBFN with PSO (HRBFN-PSO) approach, the proposed approach use PSO algorithm to optimize the RBFN parameters, depending to the evolutionary heuristic search process of PSO, here PSO use to optimize the best position of the RBFNN centers c, the weights w optimize using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) algorithm and the Radii r optimize using K-Nearest Neighbors (Knn) algorithm, within the PSO iterative process, which means in each iterative process of PSO, the weights and Radii are updated depending the fitness (error) function. The experiments are conducted on three nonlinear benchmark mathematical functions. The results obtained on the training data clarify that HRBFN-PSO approach improved the approximation accuracy than other traditional approaches. Also, this result shows that HRBFN-PSO reduces the root mean square error and sum square error dramatically compared with other approaches.


Based on the construction of electric power spot market in China, this paper firstly studies the main problems of electric power spot market settlement from the perspective of physical delivery of mid-and-long term contracts. Secondly, the paper analyses the function of the physical contract to stabilize the market price risk, and puts forward a settlement mechanism considering the characteristics of power users on the basis of ensuring fairness and realizing the risk avoidance of physical contract. Finally, taking renewable energy as the background of the power system with a high proportion of renewable energy, considering the demand of renewable energy utilization, combined with the mid-and-long term physical contract settlement mechanism, this paper demonstrates the economy and practicability of the proposed settlement mechanism through a case study.


Cartographic design requires controllable methods and tools to produce maps that are adapted to users' needs and preferences. The formalized rules and constraints for cartographic representation come mainly from the conceptual framework of graphic semiology. Most current Geographical Information Systems (GIS) rely on the Styled Layer Descriptor and Semiology Encoding (SLD/SE) specifications which provide an XML schema describing the styling rules to be applied on geographic data to draw a map. Although this formalism is relevant for most usages in cartography, it fails to describe complex cartographic and artistic styles. In order to overcome these limitations, we propose an extension of the existing SLD/SE specifications to manage extended map stylizations, by the means of controllable expressive methods. Inspired by artistic and cartographic sources (Cassini maps, mountain maps, artistic movements, etc.), we propose to integrate into our system three main expressive methods: linear stylization, patch-based region filling and vector texture generation. We demonstrate how our pipeline allows to personalize map rendering with expressive methods in several examples.


Abstract Megalaria allenae, a blue-gray to green-blue sterile sorediate crustose lichen containing atranorin, fumarprotocetraric acid and zeorin, is described as new to science. It is corticolous on deciduous trees and endemic to swamp forests of the Atlantic Coastal Plain of southeastern North America. As sexual reproductive structures are unknown in the species, the generic placement and relationship with M. pulverea were determined using molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS and mtSSU sequence data.


Validation and verification in machine learning is an open problem which becomes increasingly important as its applications becomes more critical. Amongst the applications are autonomous vehicles a ...


Summary

1. Protozoans are important consumers within microbial food webs and, in turn, they represent potential prey for small metazoans. However, feeding interactions within these food webs are rarely characterised and this is especially true for freshwater sediments.

2. We aimed to quantify the feeding links between a freshwater meiofaunal copepod and ciliates in two laboratory experiments. The first experiment addressed the response of Eucyclops serrulatus towards ciliate density and type (two ciliate species of the same genus differing in terms of body size). A second experiment assessed the effect of habitat structure on feeding rates by introducing different structural complexity into the feeding arena. In contrast to the first experiment, which was run only for one time period, this experiment also tested three different total feeding times (4, 7 and 9 h).

3. Eucyclops serrulatus exhibited high ingestion rates, with 3–69 ciliates copepod−1 h−1 consumed depending on food concentration, food type and habitat complexity. Copepods exhibited a preference for the smaller ciliate when total ciliate concentration was low, but selected both ciliates equally when food concentrations were medium or high. However, at very high food concentration, Eucyclops preferred the larger ciliate (which was 1/3 of its own body size), suggesting that the longer handling times of the larger prey are rewarding when the large prey is present in high numbers. In terms of total numbers consumed, copepods fed on more small ciliates, but in terms of carbon units both ciliates were selected equally when total prey concentration was low or medium. However, copepods derived more carbon from the larger prey at high and very high prey concentrations (up to 0.7 μgC out of a maximum of 1.1 μgC copepod−1 h−1). Habitat complexity influenced the feeding of copepods when it was observed over time.

4. The copepod–ciliate link is well known from the pelagic zone of both marine and freshwater habitats. We have shown its potential importance within the benthos, where it can be influenced by food identity, food quantity and possibly by habitat complexity.


A wire module capable of simultaneously realizing quick charge and data transmission of an electronic device comprises a USB (universal serial bus) device and a cable device. The USB device consists of a USB electric connector and comprises a circuit board and a protruded joint portion, the circuit board is provided with an integrated circuit and a selector switch which are electrically connected with each other, at least a quick charge mode and a data transmission mode are set for the selector switch, one end of the cable device is electrically connected with the USB device, and an electric connector is disposed at the other end of the cable device. Accordingly, the composite wire module capable of simultaneously realizing quick charge and data transmission of the electronic device can effectively manage and protect the electronic device, further realizes convenience in carrying and using, can be connected with other computers, laptops or tablet computers for online application in the data transmission mode, realizes the function of data transfer between two devices or bidirectional control, and achieves purposes of convenience and efficiency in terms of operation.


(57) as the distance between points in a multidimensional space representing the Abstract: target, accurate or inaccurate measure system representing a result, methods and computer program products of similarity / dissimilarity between objects (relations). Using the error stochastic relationship / distance, in order to repeatedly subdividing the initial (random or partially sequentially) configuration of points, self-organizing principle is used. Data may be a complete, may be incomplete (i.e., it may be some are not known relationship between the object), it may be a precise, a non-precise also may be (i.e., some or all relationships may be given by the permissible range or extreme), may be symmetrical, and may be asymmetric (i.e., the target B of the object a the relationship may not be the same as the relationship between the target a target B), may contain systematic errors or random errors. Relationships between subjects, observations, measure, prior knowledge or can be derived directly from intuition, or proximity (relationship) data using any suitable technique for guiding, may be indirectly determined. The present invention, in order to represent a subset of the target in the multi-dimensional space representing the object, iteratively analyzing subsets of interest. In an exemplary embodiment, the present invention uses conventional multidimensional scaling method or non-linear mapping algorithm iteratively analyzing subsets of interest. In another exemplary embodiment, relationships are defined as the similarity / dissimilarity relationships or pair pairs between pairs of the subject, the present invention iteratively analyzes pairs of target simultaneously. Preferably, subsets, as a double nesting loop, are evaluated in pairs.


A sleeve combined with grout is a cylindrical connector used to join two discontinuous steel reinforcement bars without complying to the conventional lap length. It acts as the connection for joining steel reinforcement bars to safely transfer the tensile force from one reinforcement bar to the other to ensure the integrity of a structural frame system. The objective of this research was to investigate the behavior and the feasibility of fifteen new proposed grouted sleeve connectors for the connection of precast concrete components. The connectors were tested to failure under incremental tensile load. The configurations of the grouted sleeve connectors were varied and their tensile performances were evaluated in terms of the ultimate tensile resistance, stiffness, yield strength, ductility and failure modes. The results show that the grouted splice sleeve connectors could provide comparable ultimate tensile strength of the connected steel bars. It is seen that the bond between bar-and-grout,and also between grout-and-sleeve are essential to the success of the tensile load transfer between the steel bars. It is also seen that the confinement provided by the sleeve enhances the bar-and-grout bond dramatically by controlling the splitting cracks.


Aluminium alloys were widely applied in rail transit, ships and aerospace owing to their unique properties, such as low density, high strength and stiffness, outstanding corrosion resistance and low temperature performance. As a type of structure material, aluminium alloy joining was inevitable. However, these alloys were often considered very difficult to weld using traditional fusion welding technique due to the welding seams were often accompanied with metallurgical defects, large deformation and stress. Friction stir welding (FSW), an innovative


Higher-order modulation such as 256-QAM is a key technology to increase data rates within a limited bandwidth. This paper proposes a channel quality indicator (CQI) table switching control method corresponding to 256-QAM that improves the 5-percentile user throughput in Heterogeneous networks (HetNets), in which user equipments (UEs) connected to pico cell can use different CQI table depending on where UE is located within the original pico cell or the related CRE region. The features of the proposed CQI table switching control method are described in comparison with the conventional method. Computer simulation results such as average, 5-percentile and 95-percentile user throughput are provided as parameters of cell selection offset for two types of HetNets, i.e., co-channel deployment with time-domain enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC), and different frequency deployment between macro and pico cells. We confirmed that the proposed method can improve 5-percentile user throughput while maintain or improve the average and the 95-percentile user throughput for the co-channel HetNet with eICIC.


An efficient copper-catalyzed C–H oxidative cycloetherification of o-arylphenols containing an additional directing group under an oxygen atmosphere was developed. 2,6-Disubstituted dibenzofuran derivatives were prepared by regioselective activation of the sterically more hindered C–H bond. The presence of the extra directing group not only controls the regioselectivity, but also increases the cyclization efficiency significantly.


Hybrid snakehead'Hang Channa No.1'fingerlings with body weight of 8.4g were stocked into net cages disposed in a reservoir in July of 2010,and reared for 170days when the fingerlings had average body weight of 372.5g.Then total of 20 700fish with average body weight of 376.3g were stocked into a 200m2net cage in December,2010.In one growth season,net yield of 19 196kg was obtained,with the maximal yield of 102.3kg/m2,and average yield of 95.98kg/m2.The hybrids had the maximal body weight of 2650g,with average body weight of 1573.4g,and survival rate of 82%.There was a ratio of output to input=1∶1.74in reservoir cage culture of'Hang Channa No.1'.


Mg-suite noritic rocks can be divided into two groups, the Mg-gabbronorites and the Mg-norites. The rocks of these groups differ in ratios of high-Ca pyroxene to total pyroxene, compositions of pyroxene and plagioclase, assemblages of Ti-, Nb-, and Zr-bearing minerals, compositions of chrome spinel, bulk-rock Ti/Sm and Sc/Sm, and measured ages. The two groups probably crystallized from different types of parent magmas. Two hypotheses are offered for the differences in composition of the parent magmas. One hypothesis ascribes the differences to compositional heterogeneity of the mantle source areas. The other hypothesis ascribes the differences to variations in extent of partial melting of the mantle source regions and variations in extent of assimilation of the anorthosite and the highly differentiated residual liquid that were produced during the primordial lunar differentiation.


In July and August 2013, blossom blight and soft rot of pods were observed on okra in experimental fields in Iksan and Jeju, Korea. Infection started in fading flower petals, spread to entire flowers and young pods, resulting in blighted blossoms and soft rot of pods. Severe infection caused early falling of blossoms and fruit drop, reducing plant vigour in the summer season. On the basis of the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses of two molecular markers ITS rDNA and D1/D2 region of the LSU, the fungus was identified as Choanephora cucurbitarum. A pathogenicity test was carried out to fulfil Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. cucurbitarum on okra in Korea.


PURPOSE: A thermal treatment apparatus is provided to solve the problem of bottle-neck phenomenon occurring during semiconductor manufacture process, by thermally processing in parallel wafers using a plural set of thermal treatment apparatus. CONSTITUTION: A thermal treatment apparatus includes a thermal transfer plate(20) and spacers(30) installed projectedly against an upper face of the thermal transfer plate, for oppositely supporting with a separated state the thermal transfer plate. The spacers is each installed to control independently the projection height against the upper face of the thermal transfer plate so that the distance between the wafer supported by the spacers and the thermal transfer plate and the grade of the wafer to the thermal transfer plate could be controlled.


Technology and Data Center (Pustekdata) LAPAN in 2016 has distributed remote sensing satellite data of 86,176 scenes to 323 government institutions. In 2016, the data service has also achieved the quality management standard ISO 9001: 2015 and the value of the Community Satisfaction Index (IKM) which reached 82 with a very satisfactory predicate. To maintain and improve performance in data services to users, it is necessary to study the needs of users for the required remote sensing data, namely by conducting a survey to users of remote sensing data, especially High Resolution Satellite Imagery (CSRT). Eight indicators are used to measure community satisfaction from the 14 indicators of the Community Satisfaction Index in accordance with the Decree of the Minister of State Apparatus Empowerment Number: KEP/25/M.PAN/2/2004 concerning Guidelines for the Preparation of IKM Service Units of Government Agencies including BUMN/BUMD. The population in this study is all data buyers from 2017, 2018 and 2019. The survey data are then reviewed and analyzed using statistical analysis with instrument refinement by statistically validating the survey data. The 2017 Community Satisfaction Index scored 90.69% with the predicate "Very Good". In 2018 there was an increase of 18.41% with a value of 93.69% obtaining the "Very Good" predicate. In 2019, with a total of 516 respondents, an increase of 3.12% was obtained, a score of 96.81% was obtained with the predicate "Very Good".


Illustrations Preface Abbreviations Prologue The Radical Pathways (RP) Framework Inside the Garden of Indonesian Islam The Bouquet of Darul Islam From Haters to Killers The Final Steps Towards Bali Blocking Radical Pathways - Some Implications for Policy Notes Glossary of Key Terms and Phrases Bibliography


Completely resolved Doppler‐free rotational line spectra of six vibronic two‐photon bands in benzene C6 H6 and C6 D6 are presented. The excited final states possess different excess energies in S1 (1567 to 2727 cm−1 ) and are embedded in dense manifolds of background states with differing densities of states (1<ρ<60 1/cm−1 ). The bands are analyzed by a statistical procedure. The intensity distribution of several hundreds of lines of each band is investigated. It is found that all weakly perturbed bands display a similar, peaked intensity distribution while in strongly perturbed bands the number of lines decreases monotonically with increasing intensity. The origin of this difference is discussed in terms of coupling to the many background states.


Abstract We consider monitoring and checking formally specified properties in a network. We are addressing the problem of deploying the checkers on different network nodes that provide correct and efficient checking. We present the DMaC system that builds upon two bodies of work: the Monitoring and Checking (MaC) framework, which provides means to monitor and check running systems against formally specified requirements, and declarative networking, a declarative domain-specific approach for specifying and implementing distributed network protocols. DMaC uses a declarative networking system for both specifying network protocols and performing checker execution. High-level properties are automatically translated from safety property specifications in the MaC framework into declarative networking queries and integrated into the rest of the network for monitoring the safety properties. We evaluate the flexibility and efficiency of DMaC using simple but realistic network protocols and their properties Abstract. We consider monitoring and checking formally specified properties in a network. We are addressing the problem of deploying the checkers on different network nodes that provide correct and efficient checking. We present the DMaC system that builds upon two bodies of work: the Monitoring and Checking (MaC) framework, which provides means to monitor and check running systems against formally specified requirements, and declarative networking , a declarative domain-specific approach for specifying and implementing distributed network protocols. DMaC uses a declarative networking system for both specifying network protocols and performing checker execution. High-level properties are automatically translated from safety property specifications in the MaC framework into declarative networking queries and integrated into the rest of the network for monitoring the safety properties. We evaluate the flexibility and efficiency of DMaC using simple but realistic network protocols and their properties. representations of progress representations primitive high-level events conditions used MEDL filter


Thrasher machine for waste processing generally have one kind of thrash mechanism. Theexisting thrasher machine can't be used to treat waste with different characteristics. This research isintended to produce a thrasher machine design that can be used to process waste with different materialcharacteristics. The method used in this design is by cutting block replacement method. The results of theresearch are preliminary design and detailed design of thrasher machine. The design of thrasher machineis equipped with three types of cutting block that can be replaced in accordance with the characteristicsof the waste that will be enumerated, ie crusher, shear and swing type. The next stage of the research ispreliminary testing and design review.


s from the National Biomaterial Congress SIB, 24-26 May 2017, Milan, Italy e10 © 2017 Wichtig Publishing adhesion and growth. The aim of the present work was the development of electrospun nanofibers based membranes as scaffolds to enhance cutaneous wound healing of chronic lesions and burns. The nanofibers were prepared starting from aqueous polymeric solutions to obtain insoluble membranes in aqueous fluids able to act as a support for cell growth, migration and proliferation. Materials and methods: Polymeric mixtures based on chitosan and hyaluronic acid or chitosan and chondroitin sulfate were electrospun to obtain nanofibrous membranes. Moreover, a membrane based on chitosan was prepared as comparison. The membranes were characterized by morphology, nanofiber size and mechanical properties. Furthermore, safety and efficacy were studied by means of an in vivo murine model. Results: All the membranes prepared were based on continuous and randomly oriented nanofibers having diameters in the nanometric range (500-600 nm). The membrane compositions did not significantly modify nanofiber morphology. Membranes were characterized by force at break and elongation suitable for skin application both in dry and wet conditions. The in vivo results suggested that all the membrane were biocompatible without evidence of adverse effects. Moreover, all the scaffolds allowed a wound closure within 18 days while the untreated lesions did not show a complete re-epithelialization in the same time frame. Discussion: The nanofibrous membrane showed suitable properties for cutaneous application as scaffolds. Glycosaminoglycans seem to enhance healing process. Even if further characterizations will be mandatory, scaffolds based on electrospun nanofibers demonstrated to be an effective tool to speed up skin reparation. F4 ELECTROSPUN GELATIN/CHONDROITIN SULFATE NANOFIBROUS MEMBRANES FOR THE TREATMENT OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION Saporito F1, Sandri G1, Bonferoni MC1, Rossi S1, Athanassiou A2, Perotto G2, Caramella C1, Ferrari F1 1Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Italy; 2Nanophysics Department, Italian Institute of Technology, Genoa, Italy Introduction: ECM of the heart is made up of collagen type I and III, which are produced by cardiac fibroblasts and vary in their physical properties and determines the mechanical strength. Thus, in case of myocardial infarction, functional cardiomyocytes are replaced by a fibrotic or "scar tissue" caused by an increase in collagen expression leading to enhanced tissue stiffness with an elastic modulus much higher than that of typical myocardium. Collagen type I is most favored for producing therapeutic platforms and their denaturated product gelatin has been competitively used as biomaterial. Materials and methods: Gelatin B (20%) was dissolved in acetic acid solution (20%) with or without the addition of chondroitin sulfate (2%), used in order to improve growth factors interaction. Solutions were stirred for 1 h at 40°C. The electrical conductivity of gelatin solutions was measured by using a conductometer and the surface tension by means of a tensiometer. The viscosity measurements were performed using a rotational rheometer. Applied voltage, syringe-collector distance and flow rate were modulated to obtain nanofibrous membranes, crosslinked by heating (150°C for 2 h). Aqueous solubility of nanofibers, before and after crosslinking, was evaluated. Mechanical and chemical-physical properties and morphology were characterized. Finally, the capability of gelatin nanofibers to increase cell proliferation was evaluated by means of MTT test 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). Results: Gelatin solutions were characterized by good electrical conductivity as well as surface tension and together with the right entanglement concentration allowed to obtained nanofibrous membranes characterized by good mechanical properties as well as uniform morphology and low fiber diameter. After crosslinking treatment, it was possible to obtain insoluble fibers. The membranes were biocompatible and allowed the in vitro fibroblasts adhesion/ proliferation. Discussion: Even further evaluations are needed, electrospun gelatin/chondroitin sulfate nanofibers seem promising to enhance cell proliferation. F5 COLD ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PLASMA TREATMENT TO IMPROVE THE BONDING STRENGTH OF DENTIN-ADHESIVE SYSTEM INTERFACE IN DENTAL COMPOSITE RESTORATION Colombo V1-3, Forgione D1,4, Gherardi M1-3, Laurita R1,2, Simoncelli E2, Nassar M5, Stancampiano A1,2,6, Tonini R1,4 1AlmaPlasma srl, Bologna, Italy; 2Department of Industrial Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; 3CIRI Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; 4School of Dentistry, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; 5Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan; 6Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy Introduction: Debonding is the main reason for dental composite restoration failures and the need for better adhesive performances is prompting the research on innovative solutions. This study investigates the potential of Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) treatments of dentine to enhance the bonding strength of the dentin-adhesive system interface. Materials and methods: Sixty extracted monocanalar teeth were standardized (crown sectioning and root canal shaping), then embedded in epoxy resin using a custom molding procedure ensuring accurate alignment during push-out tests. The dentin surface was treated with different chelating agents (EDTA or phytic acid) and then treated with CAP for 180s. Afterwards, a self-etch adhesive system (Clearfil-SEBond2) was applied before the luting cement (Clearfil-DC-CorePlus) was used to seal the root canal; finally both components were light cured. After storage in water (24h, 37°C), the teeth were sectioned in 2 mm thick slices. Bonding strength was finally evaluated by means of push-out tests. CAP treatment was performed using AlmaMED by AlmaPlasma srl, a tabletop system designed for biomedical applications and composed by a hand-heldable DBD-jet source with disposable dispenser tips and autoclavable parts, a dedicated pulse generator, a small disposable gas tank and an intuitive user interface; the device shape and electrical insulation allow safely reaching and treating even remote areas of the oral cavity. Results: Compared to control, push-out results show a significant enhancement of the bonding strength when CAP is applied on dentin after the chelating agents EDTA (+131.9 ± 4.1%) or phytic acid (+148.0 ± 26.6%); SEM analysis and contact angle measurements (performed on dentine with both water and the etchant-primer component of the adhesive system) show an increase, with respect to control, of the amount of dentinal tubules filled with the adhesive resin and support the hypothesis of a bonding strength improvement mainly driven by the plasma-induced increase in dentin wettability. Discussion: Presented results demonstrate that CAP is a feasible option for enhancing the performances of the dental adhesive systems and, when combined with already published ones demonstrating the efficacy of the DBD-jet source in bacterial decontamination of the root canal, shorten the gap between laboratory experience and CAP application in real-life procedures. F6 3D PRINTING OF METHYLCELLULOSE THERMO-RESPONSIVE HYDROGELS FOR REGENERATIVE MEDICINE Bonetti L 1, Cochis A1, Sorrentino R1,2, Contessi N1, Rimondini L1,2, Farè S1,2 1Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy; 2Department of Health Science, University of Piemonte Orientale "A. Avogadro", Novara, Italy; 3National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Florence, Italy Introduction: A possible strategy in regenerative medicine is cell sheet engineering consisting in developing smart culture surfaces, which allow to obtain intact cell sheets. The main goal of this work is the realization and characterization of methylcellulose (MC) based hydrogels and their 3D printing via extrusion-based bioprinting. In particular, the prepared substrates were tested with two cellular phenotypes for the realization of cell sheets. Materials and methods: Hydrogels were prepared by mixing MC powder in saline solutions of Na2SO4 and PBS. In order to extrude the MC based hydrogels, a Kiwi 4D printer (Sharebot, Nibionno, LC, IT) was used. MC based hydrogels where characterized from the rheological point of view using a rotational rheometer to investigate possible modification induced by the extrusion in the 3D printing. For cellular in vitro tests three kinds of samples (bulk, e11 Abstracts from the National Biomaterial Congress SIB, 24-26 May 2017, Milan, Italy © 2017 Wichtig Publishing ring and print-ring) were examined. Bulk and ring samples were realized by putting MC solutions, respectively, in a 24 wells TCPS and in PDMS supports. The print-ring samples were obtained by printing MC based hydrogels inside of PDMS supports, using the Kiwi 4D printer. In vitro tests were performed with murine embryonic fibroblasts (NIH/3T3) and endothelial murine cells (MS1) so to obtain cell sheets characterized by cell viability, immunofluorescence analysis. Results: The extrusion process reduces the LCST of the MC based hydrogels; moreover, after extrusion, the hydrogels show a degree of swelling in water higher than that of non-printed hydrogels. With respect to the obtaining of cell sheets, in particular, the technique of 3D printing was proved to be the best strategy for obtaining ring-shaped cell sheets, comparing this technique with the use of specific supports. A very interesting result derives from cell orientation showed by ring-shaped cell sheets, also confirmed by the


To mobilize students' interest and enthusiasm for learning, this paper explores the application of the combination of computer multimedia technology and network technology in college English teaching. Based on the relevant theoretical basis and specific content of English teaching, it analyzes the current situation of college English teaching from three aspects, including English teaching goals, teaching methods, and teaching effects. The application of the network teaching platform based on information technology in college English teaching is discussed. Also, the relevant data of the results obtained after the implementation of the network platform are listed. The research results show that teachers and students should make good use of the advantages of information technology teaching, develop strengths and avoid weaknesses. The means can enrich the learning approach, innovate teaching methods and optimize the English teaching environment, thereby improving the quality of English teaching. Therefore, the combination of computer multimedia technology and network technology can bring fundamental changes to English teaching methods and student learning methods. And it can stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning English and promote students' autonomous learning ability. The research has realistic guiding significance.


The effect of combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers on N use efficiency(NUE) in paddy fields and the environmental effects in Hang jiahu area were studied by field experiments and 15N isotopic tracer.The results showed that combined use of 150 kg/hm2 nitrogen and 3 000 kg/hm2 organic manure improved the yield of rice by 9.8%~17.7%.The N use efficiency was 47.9%,and 4.8% higher than that of chemical fertilizers only.While combination of 210 kg/hm2 nitrogen and 3 000 kg/hm2 organic manure decreased the rice yield and NUE.Nitrate was the main type of nitrogen loss in paddy field.The applying of organic manure could effectively reduce the loss of nitrogen.On the condition of N application at the rate of 150 kg/hm2 nitrogen,addition of 3 000 kg/hm2 organic manure reduced the rate of nitrogen loss from 0.85% to 0.70% through runoff,and from 1.29% to 0.96% through leaching.When the nitrogen application was increased to 210 kg/hm2,addition of organic manure had no remarkable effects on reduceing the nitrogen loss.Based on the soil properties tested,the target rice yield to be obtained and the potential environmental impact,a combination of 3 000 kg/hm2 organic manure with 150 kg/hm2 nitrogen for the Hangjiahu area was recommended.


Concanavalin A (ConA)-binding glycopeptides (GP) from crude membrane fractions of Lupinus albus were analysed by SDS PAGE and detected on blots by the ConA/peroxidase affinity method. Changes in the GP pattern of the root membrane fraction were studied when nodulation and callus formation occurred and were compared with the patterns obtained for other organs. Nodulation markedly increased the detection of a set of three GPs with apparent molecular masses in the range of 45-65 kDa. Another GP, of 23.5 kDa (GP 23), which was also increased by nodulation, was apparently absent from cotyledons and leaves and was faintly detected in stems. Callus formation increased the detection of GP 23 as well as several other GPs; two of them, with apparent molecular masses around 24 and 42 kDa, seemed particularly specific to calli


Soil resources monitoring and evaluation of its status leads to specific and systematic plans related to agricultural production. By providing the soil fertility map in terms of land status, nutrient for cultivation by farmers would be determined. This leads to the correct application of fertilizers to achieve optimal conditions in productivity of the soil resources. In this study, evaluation of soil fertility using geostatistical techniques and fuzzy logic in a Geographic Information System was conducted for a part of agricultural land of Amol city, Iran. In field studies, 201 points from 0 to 30 cm depth were sampled. After laboratory analysis, values of soil available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, Electrical conductivity (EC) and soil reaction (pH) were measured followed by statistical processing of the points interpolation using Kriging model in the GIS environment. Then, for map providing, a fuzzy membership function defined according to soil parameters critical levels. Finally, to achieve the final map the fertile layers were combined.


In France, health care restructuring involves the cooperation of several market actors, based on either obligation or self-initiation. This has led to a cooperation between hospitals, between the public and private sectors and emergence of city-hospitals networks. These new organizational networks demand that we reflect upon the concept networks, and develop new competencies specially concerning coordination and logistics.


Introduction The main target of the carbonaceous matter sub-team is the insoluble organic matter (IOM) in the returned sample by the HAYABUSA mission. We are planning to analyze the matter by micro-spectroscopic techniques, such as Raman, fluorescence, infrared (IR) spectroscopy. And in addition to these techniques, we are also planning to use photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). IOM is the major fraction of the chondritic carbonaceous matter, and generally assumed to be completely indigenous due to their high molecular weight and immobility. It is characterized by condensed aromatic moieties cross-linked by aliphatic and ether linkages, with various functionality external to the aromatic structure [1]. It converts gradually to graphitic matter during thermal metamorphism, and suggests to what extent thermal metamorphism has proceeded [2]. Raman spectroscopy is a useful tool to evaluate the structural ordering of the matter and the degree of thermal metamorphism [3, 4, 5]. Carbon X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (C-XANES) spectra [6] and infrared spectral band of aliphatic C-H stretching [7] are alternative methods to evaluate thermal process of IOM. The asteroid Itokawa belongs to S-type and its surface is similar to that of LL5 or LL6 chondrite. However, it is a rubble-pile object and experienced collisional breakup and re-agglomeration, suggesting the possible fragments of carbonaceous materials in Itokawa samples. If such particles are found, it can be a clue to the thermal process involved in the formation history of Itokawa. MethodsWe hope to analyze the samples as intact as possible by non-destructive method without using organic resin or adhesives. And, because recovered samples by HAYABUSA mission are considered to be small grains, we designed a sample holder made from diamond plates for Raman, fluorescence, and IR spectroscopy (PEEM analysis will be performed using potted butt, as it is located at downstream of the examination flow). One diamond plate has some hollows and each individual sample particle shall be put in a hollow at the curation facilities. This plate can be covered by another flat diamond plate, and we can carry it without using organic adhesives. This sample holder can be put directly on the sample stages of micro-Raman or micro-IR spectrometers, and we can obtain the spectra without taking out the sample grains from the holder. DiscussionThe first question is whether some particles recovered by the HAYABUSA mission contain extraterrestrial carbonaceous matter. If such carbon-containing particle is found, characterization of IOM will be performed. Micro-Raman spectroscopy is sensitive to skeletal aromatic network and it gives maturity level of IOM. The G-band position of the chondritic carbonaceous matter shifts up with increasing metamorphic grade, and the FWHM-G (Full width at half maximum of G-band) decreases [3, 4, 5]. Fluorescent background reflects overall compositional differences of IOM [4]. External functional groups will be determined by IR spectroscopy, and element-selective analysis of functional groups can be performed by PEEM. These different analytical spectroscopic features also indicate the record of thermal evolution of IOM in individual grains. Such approach can be a clue to an asteroid formation history.


Summary: This article discusses the important issue of the development of the global market of oil and oil products. It offers an overview of how this market was formed and its current status, classification, location and potential of countries in the oil and oil processing business. It analyzes the Ukrainian oil products market. The article discusses the shortcomings and strategic areas for the development of Ukraine's oil transport system. It presents an optimum method for creating integration groups in order to develop the oil processing business in Ukraine for the future. The article considers the main trends and outlines development prospects for the global oil and oil products market.


The Lord was my shepherd; I did not want; He made me to lie down in green pastures; He led me beside the still waters. He restored my soul. He led me in the paths of righteousness for His name's sake. Yea, though I walked through the valley of the shadow of death; I feared no evil for thou wast with me; Thy rod and thy staff, they comforted me. Thou prepared a table before me in the presence of my enemies. Thou anointed my head with oil. My cup ran over. Surely goodness and mercy followed me all the days of my life and I dwelt in the house of the Lord forever. Psalm 23


Predicting the physical and mechanical properties of thin wire and metal cord will ensure an increase in the quality of latuned thin wire, a reduction in the number and time of technological pauses, and increase the manufacturability of metal cord twisting. Considering that the deformation manifests anisotropy of the properties of thin wire, the prediction of physical and mechanical properties and the degree of unevenness of deformation becomes an urgent task.The paper studies that an increase in the drawing speed of a thin wire leads to the acquisition of a more uniform and fine‑grained structure. The dependences of the physico‑mechanical properties of thin latuned wire after the metal cord is twisted on the speed of fine drawing are developed. The effect of the deformation rate on the microhardness of a thin steel wire is investigated. It is determined that in order to increase the productivity of metal cord twisting, it is necessary to bring the dependence of the increase in hardness and equivalent stresses in metal cord wires to a linear form by changing the speed of the twisting at its individual stages. For practical use, the dependences of the mechanical properties of a thin wire of strength class HT on the drawing speed are derived.During the analysis, the results were obtained, which are applicable in the design of new or modification of existing routes for drawing thin wire, as well as in the design of new metal cord structures.


This study aims is to analyze non-performing financing and liquidity on the profitability of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia with good corporate governance as a moderating variable. This study uses the variable Profitability (ROA) as the dependent variable, non-performing financing (NPF) and liquidity (FDR), as the independent variable and Good Corporate Governance (Independent Commissioner) as the moderating variable. The sampling method used purposive sampling in order to obtain 12 BUS with a research period of 2010-2019. The analysis technique used is statistical analysis of panel data with eviews 8.0. The results of the study stated that NPF had a significant negative effect on profitability, FDR had a significant positive effect on profitability. GCG as a moderating variable strengthens the influence of NPF on profitability, while GCG is not a moderating variable of the effect of FDR on profitability. The conclusion is that GCG is only a moderating variable of the effect of NPF on profitability.


Background: Dyslipidaemia is one of major risk factor contributing to cardiovascular disease, which further causes mortality and morbidity, so requires a long course of treatment. Physicians should be aware of the cost of drugs. Methods: Cost of the oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug, either as single drug or in combination manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies in the same strength and dosage form was obtained from current index of medical specialities (CIMS) April-July 2019. The difference in the maximum and minimum price of the same drug manufactured by different pharmaceutical companies and percentage cost variation per 10 tablets was calculated. Results: In this study, existing findings showed a wide cost variation among different brands of the same oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug. Percentage cost variation for individual oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug was found to be highest with atorvastatin (80 mg film coated (FC) tablet): 358.84% followed by atorvastatin (5 mg FC tablet): 247%, fenofibrate  (200 mg FC tablet): 134.22%, lovastatin (10 mg FC tablet): 108.56%, rosuvastatin (10 mg FC tablet): 78.60%,   while lowest cost variation is seen with rosuvastatin 40 mg FC Tb: 1.598%. Among fixed dose combination therapy percentage cost variation was found to be highest with atorvastatin and fenofibrate (10 mg and 160 mg, FC tablet): 256%, followed by atorvastatin and ezetimibe (10 mg and 10 mg, tablet): 132.39%, while minimum cost variation was for rosuvastatin and fenofibrate (10 mg and 67 mg, tablet): 22.6%. Conclusions: These study findings showed that there is a wide variation in the cost of the same oral anti-dyslipidaemic drug. So, it is very necessary for regulatory authorities to regulate the wide variation in the cost, as well as physicians, should be sensitized to be aware of their cost variations to reduce the economic burden of drug-therapy to the patients.


The trace metals, Cu, Mo and Re have been measured in a number of sediment cores from the main stem of Chesapeake Bay and from the adjacent Patuxent estuary. The cores were dated with Pb-210, supplemented by C-14, pollen and Pu(239, 240). Mo and Re were measured by an isotope dilution method. Reconnaissance data on Os-187/Os-188 ratios were obtained by thermal ionization mass spectrometry. The data are used to investigate two questions: (1) what is the origin of the pervasive Cu contamination in the Chesapeake system, and (2) can profiles of these metals in cores provide information on the history of sulfidic conditions in the water column.


Fibromyalgia patients tend towards reduced aerobic and anaerobic endurance. In such patient severe muscular exercise pro-vokes pain. Hence, many patients become physically inactive. Whereas, low-intensity aerobic training programmes improve their feeling tone, pain is not always alleviated. Freedom from pain cannot be achieved by sports activities as well as by any other treatment. Suitable sports activities for patients suffering from fibromyalgia are usually dynamic exercises such as walking, jogging, or cycling, whereas static and heavy physical activity are not tolerated. Patients should gradually increase duration and intensity of training with caution. The aim of sports therapy is a daily half-hour or a similar amount of sports activities. Because of low compliance motivating the patients by others is often very important, e. g. in sports groups. Before starting sports activities patients with fibromyalgia should


The fractal-like finite element method (FFEM) is developed to compute stress intensity factors (SIFs) for isotropic homogeneous and bi-material V-notched plates. The method is semi-analytical, because analytical expressions of the displacement fields are used as global interpolation functions (GIFs) to carry out a transformation of the nodal displacements within a singular region to a small set of generalised coordinates. The concept of the GIFs in reducing the number of unknowns is similar to the concept of the local interpolation functions of a finite element. Therefore, the singularity at a notch-tip is modelled accurately in the FFEM using a few unknowns, leading to reduction of the computational cost.The analytical expressions of displacements and stresses around a notch tip are derived for different cases of notch problems: in-plane (modes I and II) conditions and out-of-plane (mode III) conditions for isotropic and bi-material notches. These expressions, which are eigenfunction series expansions, are then incorporated into the FFEM to carry out the transformation of the displacements of the singular nodes and to compute the notch SIFs directly without the need for post-processing. Different numerical examples of notch problems are presented and results are compared to available published results and solutions obtained by using other numerical methods.A strain energy approach (SEA) is also developed to extract the notch SIFs from finite element (FE) solutions. The approach is based on the strain energy of a control volume around the notch-tip. The strain energy may be computed using commercial FE packages, which are only capable of computing SIFs for crack problems and not for notch problems. Therefore, this approach is a strong tool for enabling analysts to compute notch SIFs using current commercial FE packages. This approach is developed for comparison of the FFEM results for notch problems where available published results are scarce especially for the bi-material notch cases.A very good agreement between the SEA results and the FFEM results is illustrated. In addition, the accuracy of the results of both procedures is shown to be very good compared to the available results in the literature. Therefore, the FFEM as a stand-alone procedure and the SEA as a post-processing technique, developed in this research, are proved to be very accurate and reliable numerical tools for computing the SIFs of a general notch in isotropic homogeneous and bi-material plates.


Objective: This study examines the relevance of variables suspected to influence mortality in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: 172 subjects with AD recruited through a family study were followed up for a mean of 4.7 ± 2.6 years. Their survival was compared with that of matched control subjects using Kaplan-Meier and log-rank statistics. Variables determining mortality were examined with the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: Survival in subjects with AD depended on age, the severity of cognitive decline and on the incidence of hospitalisation. Gender, the duration of the illness, the velocity of cognitive decline, the allele E4 of the apolipoprotein E genotype and the presence of other lifetime psychiatric diagnoses did not influence mortality. Conclusion: Mortality in AD depended mainly on the subjects' age and the severity of the disorder.


The assessment of land degradation neutrality (LDN) is used to characterize the achievement of the UN Sustain-able Development Goal 15 (SDG), Target 15.3 — «to combat desertification, restore degraded lands and soils» by individual countries and regions. The article presents the calculation of land degradation neutrality for agricultural territories of the Samara region using global indicators (dynamics of land productivity, dynamics of land cover, dynamics of soil organic carbon) and regional ones, such as yield, erosion, content of mobile forms of potassium and phosphorus in the soil. The Trends.Earth tool presented on the Quantum GIS was used to calculate the first two global indicators platform. The evaluation of the remaining indicators was carried out using stock data and data from the agrochemical service. According to the results land degradation neutrality was not achieved in the agricultural territories of the Samara region. The indicator of SDG 15.3.1 («the proportion of land that is degraded over total land area») is 78,61%, and the LDN index is –57,22%. The main process leading to a negative LDN index is water erosion, which leads to a decrease in the levels of indicators such as land productivity and humus content.


Background and Objectives: As Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread, it is important that we continue to expand our knowledge about its transmission. Asymptomatic cases missed by surveillance and their ability to transmit SARS-CoV-2, will tamper any hopes of stopping the COVID-19 Pandemic .This study provides various insights in interpreting disease transmission, evaluating interventions, and setting public health policies. This study is to determine the rate of secondary infection among Symptomatic and Asymptomatic contacts of individuals with confirmed Corona Virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Tertiary care centre, Thanjavur. Contact tracing is a central public health response to infectious disease outbreaks, especially in the early stages of an outbreak when specific treatments are limited. Methods: From May, 2020 to September, 2020 (5 months), overall 200718 cases were tested by RT-PCR which includes In-patients, Out-patients, Contacts of Covid-19 infected cases, and general surveillance population. In this, the Data of Contacts of Individuals with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infection were taken .The contacts were then categorized as Symptomatic and Asymptomatic contacts of RT-PCR positive COVID-19 cases. The Secondary attack rate among the Symptomatic and Asymptomatic contacts were compared and analyzed. Results: From May, 2020 to September, 2020 (5 months), 23895 contacts Of Covid-19 RTPCR positive patients, among which 6057 were symptomatic (25%) and 17838 were asymptomatic (75%) were traced. They were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by RTPCR. Among Symptomatic contacts, 943 were tested positive (16%) and 5114 were tested negative (84%). Among Asymptomatic contacts, 2706 were tested positive (15%) and 15132 were tested negative (85%). Among the 23895 contacts, 3649 secondary cases of COVID-19 infection (including 2706 asymptomatic infections) were detected, with an overall infection risk of 15.27% (95% CI, 14.82%-15.73%, Taylor series). The secondary clinical attack rate was 15.57% (95% CI, 14.68%-16.5%) among symptomatic contacts and 15.17% (95% CI, 14.65%-15.7%) among asymptomatic contacts. Discussion: This study explored transmission risk factors for COVID-19 and the proportion of asymptomatic cases that would have been missed by testing symptomatic individuals only. Our analysis revealed a similar clinical attack rate between the contacts that were symptomatic and asymptomatic. This observation was consistent with a reasonably high rate of asymptomatic carriage. For prevention of transmission, early identification of COVID-19 index cases and contacts is important. In view of the significant number of missed diagnoses in a symptom-based testing strategy, testing of all contacts, including asymptomatic individuals, is recommended.


Abstract In tectonically active regions, post-earthquake motions are generally shaped by a combination of continued fault slippage (afterslip) on a timescale of days to months and viscoelastic relaxation of the lower crust and upper mantle on a timescale of days to years. Transient crustal motions have been observed following numerous magnitude >~7 earthquakes in various tectonic settings: continental rift zones (Basin and Range), continental plate boundary zones (San Andreas fault corridor; Alaska; Turkey), subduction zones (Japan, Chile, Sumatra), ongoing continental collision zones (Arabia; Tibet), and mid-ocean rifting zones (Iceland). When afterslip can be discriminated from viscoelastic relaxation and when temporal coverage of the postseismic measurements is broad (i.e., geodetic surveys of at least several years duration are available), a wide spectrum of relaxation timescales are usually identified. Current temporal resolution and modeling approaches (e.g., Burgers body analog) allow identification of transient (Kelvin) and steady-state (Maxwell) viscosities that are operable in the short-term and long-term, respectively. I compile results from 40 studies of post-earthquake motions, augmented by ten studies of contemporary surface loading or unloading, that illuminate current estimates of transient and steady-state viscosity of the lower crust and/or uppermost mantle. Lower crust viscosity estimates range from ~1018 to 1021 Pa s, with most estimates near the upper end except in areas of overthickened crust. Mantle lithosphere and asthenosphere viscosity estimates are particularly abundant and yield a picture of transient viscosity ranging from ~1016 to 1019 Pa s and steady-state viscosity ranging from ~1018 to 1021 Pa s. To first order, both transient and steady-state viscosities are well correlated with regional heat flow, and steady-state viscosities are comparable with temperature and strain-rate dependent rock viscosities from laboratory-based flow laws.


The association of various insect species with dead bodies is being recognized increasingly as a potentially useful source of forensic information. This study was made to determine which species of insects developed on corpses in Auckland, New Zealand (latitude 37° South). The study was extended to determine whether certain species were consistently associated with the time elapsed after death, and, if so, to determine their uses and limitations as forensic indicators.


This book provides an overview and analysis of how the rise of digital resources for information services, collection development, and professional development has affected the professional work process of librarians.


Diallel mating designs provide to breeders useful genetic information, such as general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA), to help them devise appropriate breeding and selection strategies. Here we report a much-improved version of DIALLEL-SAS that was originally released in 1997. The new program, DIALLEL-SAS05 has a clear and user-friendly interface that was designed to meet users' needs for various diallel-cross design experiments. DIALLEL-SAS05 has major advantages over DIALLEL-SAS in that: (i) it analyzes not only all four Grifflng's diallel methods (both fixed and random models), but it also computes Gardner-Eberhart's Analyses II and III; (ii) it provides desired results from diallel experiments with parent number from 4 to 12, (iii) it can analyze diallel data from any number of environments, and (iv) for a random-effects model, it provides estimates of GCA (σ 2 g ) and SCA (or,2) variances, which can be used to estimate additive (σ 2 A ) and dominance (σ 2 D ) variances, and ultimately narrow-sense heritability (h 2 ). DIALLEL-SAS05 also provides information on GCA x ENV, SCA x ENV, reciprocal x ENV, maternal x ENV, and nonmaternal x ENV interactions, when applicable. DIALLEL-SAS05 should greatly improve researchers' efficiency in analyzing and interpreting diallel-cross data. The program code is available on a CD from the corresponding author.


Weed control in UK field vegetables faces the problem of producing and maintaining high yields while herbicide active ingredients and amounts applied are reducing. These problems, which are unlikely to be solved with new herbicides or the use of GM crops, call for a paradigm shift in weed control. The concept of leaf-specific weed control was tested. Individual weed seedlings were controlled in the glasshouse by applying a single droplet of herbicide and dose-response relationships were quantified. In the field, manually-applied droplets achieved high levels of weed control in leeks, prevented yield loss and reduced herbicide inputs by up to 77%. Because of the high value of the crop and the higher yields associated with ultra-precise droplet application, it would appear to be economical to apply these droplets using a robotic weeder.


Sequence comparison methods based on position‐specific score matrices (PSSMs) have proven a useful tool for recognition of the divergent members of a protein family and for annotation of functional sites. Here we investigate one of the factors that affects overall performance of PSSMs in a PSI‐BLAST search, the algorithm used to construct the seed alignment upon which the PSSM is based. We compare PSSMs based on alignments constructed by global sequence similarity (ClustalW and ClustalW‐pairwise), local sequence similarity (BLAST), and local structure similarity (VAST). To assess performance with respect to identification of conserved functional or structural sites, we examine the accuracy of the three‐dimensional molecular models predicted by PSSM‐sequence alignments. Using the known structures of those sequences as the standard of truth, we find that model accuracy varies with the algorithm used for seed alignment construction in the pattern local‐structure (VAST) > local‐sequence (BLAST) > global‐sequence (ClustalW). Using structural similarity of query and database proteins as the standard of truth, we find that PSSM recognition sensitivity depends primarily on the diversity of the sequences included in the alignment, with an optimum around 30–50% average pairwise identity. We discuss these observations, and suggest a strategy for constructing seed alignments that optimize PSSM‐sequence alignment accuracy and recognition sensitivity.


Since 2009 LogCLEF has been the initiative within the Cross- Language Evaluation Forum which aims at stimulating research on user behavior in multilingual environments and promote standard evaluation collections of log data. During these editions of LogCLEF, dierent col- lections of log dataset were distributed to the participants together with manually annotated query records to be used as a training or test set. In this LogCLEF 2011 edition, a Web based interface to annotate log data was designed and realized on the basis on the experience of past par- ticipants for dierent tasks: language identication, query classication, and query drift. The data and the results produced by the participants are analyzed and discussed.


This paper presents a general theory of the antenna near field in the spatial domain. The approach is based on using the Wilcox expansion of the radiated field to define a set of asymptotic spherical regions covering the entire exterior space of the antenna problem. Careful examination of the energy expression within this picture revealed the rich and complex interaction mechanisms between the various spherical regions indicated above. The multipole expansion is then utilized to construct nonrecursively the full near field in the exterior region starting from the far field only. The analysis led to interesting theorems regrading energy exchange processes in the near zone and also to a completely analytical evaluation of the antenna reactive energy in terms of the TE and TM modes of the antenna system.


Emerging evidence suggests that physiological distress is highly correlated with cancer incidence and mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying psychological challenges‐mediated tumor immune evasion are not systematically explored. Here, it is demonstrated that acute restraint (AR) increases the level of the plasma neuropeptide hormones, kisspeptin, and the expression levels of its receptor, Gpr54, in the hypothalamus, splenic and tumor‐infiltrating T cells, suggesting a correlation between the neuroendocrine system and tumor microenvironment. Accordingly, administration of kisspeptin‐10 significantly impairs T cell function, whereas knockout of Gpr54 in T cells inhibits lung tumor progression by suppressing T cell dysfunction and exhaustion with or without AR. In addition, Gpr54 defective OT‐1 T cells show superior antitumor activity against OVA peptide‐positive tumors. Mechanistically, ERK5‐mediated NR4A1 activation is found to be essential for kisspeptin/GPR54‐facilitated T cell dysfunction. Meanwhile, pharmacological inhibition of ERK5 signaling by XMD8‐92 significantly reduces the tumor growth by enhancing CD8+ T cell antitumor function. Furthermore, depletion of GPR54 or ERK5 by CRISPR/Cas9 in CAR T cells intensifies the antitumor responses to both PSMA+ and CD19+ tumor cells, while eliminating T cell exhaustion. Taken together, these results indicate that kisspeptin/GPR54 signaling plays a nonredundant role in the stress‐induced tumor immune evasion.


At present,Shanghai is taking the opportunity of World Exposition to promote the mind of low-carbon and leading the low-carbon city development actively,striving to shift the mode of economic development.Meanwhile,the research institutions which take Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences as representative are seizing the forefront of the domestic low-carbon research through a number of ways,servicing government decision-making and urban development actively.


The method for preparing PMIDA present Minya diaminodiphenyl hydrolysis in acetonitrile was stirred and a pressure of -0.01 ~ -0.04MPa and temperature 20 ~ 100 ℃ to ≥95% mass percentage of iminodiacetic acetonitrile starting material with lye hydrolysis iminodiacetate solution, under stirring and temperature of 20 ~ 120 ℃ dropwise added moles of 1.0 to 1.5 times the number of moles of imino diacetonitrile phosphorus trichloride, control pressure -0.01 ~ -0.04MPa, phosphorus trichloride before and / or after the addition, an acidic catalyst is added, after the addition of phosphorus trichloride, formaldehyde is added at a temperature of ≧ 80 deg.] C, for 1 ~ at 100 ~ 120 ℃ 7 hours, to prepare PMIDA suspension, the suspension was reduced in vacuo and then recovered by crystallization of formaldehyde, separated, washed and dried, to obtain a purity greater than 98% of the PMIDA product. The method of the present invention is a short process route, saving equipment investment and energy consumption, low cost, high product yield.