The core purpose of enforcement of trade mark rights is insure and protect the monetary gains of the trademark owner and also helping the consumers. But as we have understood the basic idea underlying the trademark protection is securing the benefits of person (including the legal entities) who are in the business. In the present heavily commercialized market scenario, the creation of Trade mark and brand is extremely desirable as this plays a very crucial part in the advertisement business and hence in the trade itself. Celebrities play a very crucial role in this respect. As the commercialization is evolving, we have witnessed that even the celebrities themselves have acquired the brand status and their names are getting registered as trademarks, common examples are Michael Jackson, Elvis Presley, Spice Girls, and many more.


This paper optimizes the content of production and logistics course group and strengthens the integration among courses in the group. To reform traditional methods such as heuristic methods and trial methods to solve typical problems in all aspects of production and logistics management, we establish detailed optimization model and explore model optimization techniques. From the perspective of global optimization for every area of production and logistics management, we explore teaching skills for the precise and quantitative optimization method. We also conduct research on teaching methods to enhance students' ability to use optimization techniques to solve production and logistics management problems more effectively.


Teachers of urban higher education institutions often explore new methods of teaching using innovative techno-pedagogical approaches. This study reports on postgraduate students' perceptions of the blended learning mode of delivery, co-taught by two lecturers concurrently during the "Qualitative Research" elective course offered for the Master of Educational Leadership program, in a reputed Malaysian university. A qualitative action research methodology was adopted for this study with students' comments captured through Padlet. Results indicate that students have very positive perceptions of their experiences gained through blended learning and co-lecturing. The findings of this action research study provide evidence of the meaningful and personalized learning experiences reported by students, gained through the collaborative blended mode of delivery. The results also provide more thoughtful reflections for teachers to draw on students' feedback and possibly adapt their teaching practices to better accommodate students learning needs.


entirely Spanish or Mesoamerican—it was Atlantic. Readers who appreciate how Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra links indigenous peoples and creoles to his history of the Spanish Atlantic World, How To Write the History of the New World (Stanford University Press, 2001), but who remain dissatisfied with his heavy emphasis on Spanish elites, will appreciate Norton's more balanced treatment of European intellectuals and Mesoamericans. Sacred Gifts, Profane Pleasures is more Atlantic and less imperial in this regard than CañizaresEsguerra's history. That being said, Norton could have strengthened the Atlantic components in her treatment of the subject. African voices are largely silent in this book. We learn that black African slaves in New Spain were "among the most precocious of non-Indians to adopt the tobacco habit," and Norton presents some evidence from a Spanish conquistador that "many black slaves" stated that they smoked because it relieved their fatigue (86). For the most part, however, Norton does not discuss Africans at any length. Additional evidence and analysis that showed Africans smoked tobacco and drank chocolate in ways that mirrored Mesoamerican practices—and evidence that they did so for reasons that mimicked indigenous beliefs—would have reinforced Norton's argument that Mesoamericans taught the Atlantic World the art of consuming these goods. Also, the British colonies in the Chesapeake Bay region are mentioned only once in a book that purports to be about tobacco in the Atlantic World, despite the fact that Maryland and Virginia became the leading producers of tobacco in the Atlantic World in the eighteenth century. Comparing and contrasting the production of tobacco in the Chesapeake Bay area and New Spain would have enabled Norton to speak more fully about universal and particular production habits associated with this notorious crop. Some interimperial comparative analysis similar to that in John Eliott's Empires of the Atlantic World would have been useful. On the demand side of the Atlantic economy, chocolate and tobacco were certainly consumed throughout Europe. France became the leading consumer of tobacco in the Atlantic World in the eighteenth century. Some comparative analysis between French and Spanish consumer cultures would have strengthened the book's Atlantic context and added to our understanding of the particularities associated with Spanish consumer habits. Overall, however, Norton's book underscores the utility of Atlantic history. Readers interested in the history of food, pre-Columbian cultures, the Atlantic, and the Spanish conquest will find this book most stimulating.


Projection displays comprise a multibillion‐dollar market, served by four distinct technologies. This market is driven by sales of high‐volume consumer products and high‐value business systems, with different technologies covering various application markets. The consumer market is dominated by rear‐CRT technology, especially in the large‐screen TV segment, but rear LCD, DLPT, and LCOS projection TVs are now emerging as competitors to rear CRT projectors. Front CRT projectors are mostly confined to the high‐end home theater market. While front LCD and the rapidly growing front DLP projectors dominate the business market, front LCOS projectors are obtaining a larger share of the market. Recent developments in projection technology are resulting in improvements in picture quality while enabling a reduction in prices, thus opening up new opportunities in the emerging consumer/home theater market. This paper discusses the trends involving projection technology in the emerging home theater market.


Objectives: To summarize our experiences with the first‐in‐man suture‐based patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure technique. Background: PFO is often present with the occurrence of cryptogenic stroke and migraine with aura. Successful PFO closure can be performed percutaneously using catheter techniques with many different closure devices. The described novel closure system is intended to deliver, via endovascular access, a suture into the atrial septal wall tissue for closure of PFO. Methods: Eleven patients, between 22 and 58 years of age (mean 46.6 ± 9.6), who had a cryptogenic ischemic stroke, TIA, or a peripheral embolism and a PFO were considered for percutaneous closure with this technique. Results: The mean stretched diameter of the defect evaluated during balloon sizing was 8.8 ± 0.4 mm (range 7–12.5). Delivery of the suture was successful in all patients. No intraprocedural complications occurred. During the follow up, complete closure could be achieved in one patient. Six patients with significant residual shunting during follow‐up had successful closure using a conventional device. One patient was lost for follow‐up after the 3‐month visit. The residual shunt in the remaining three patients was very small and they declined to be treated with a conventional device. No complications occurred during the follow up. Conclusions: Transcatheter application of a suture for closure of PFO is technically feasible and safe. However, despite successful suturing of the septum primum to the septum secundum, the PFO did not close in most of the patients. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


It is anticipated that prospective aquaculturists, investors, and perhaps lending institutions and policy makers will desire information on the financial feasibility of producing indigenous Penaeus setiferus versus specific pathogen free Penaeus vannamei. This report was undertaken to provide an accurate and objective picture of the profit or loss from farming these species. In addition, an evaluation is made of the effects of a continuous live harvesting strategy versus a single final harvest strategy on the profitability of the two species.


Abstract TWO hundred years ago today, on 22 January 1799, French troops forced their way into the city of Naples. In doing so, they confirmed the authority of the Neapolitan Republic which had been proclaimed, one and indivisible, the day before by a group of patriots who had taken control of the Castel Sant'Elmo, the fortress on the hill immediately above the centre of the city. Thus began the last of the revolutions which can be regarded as the offspring of the great French Revolution of 1789. There is no denying that the Neapolitan Revolution, like its predecessors in northern Italy and elsewhere, depended on French military intervention. The patriots were not in control of the city before 22 January, and needed the French to quell the popular violence and disorder which had swept the city for the previous week. And when, after three months, the French withdrew their forces, the republicans' hold on the city was too precarious to last more than a few weeks.


This paper presents a design of microgrid (MG) with enhanced dynamic performance. Distributed energy resources (DER) are widely used in MGs to match the various load types and profiles. DERs include solar PV cells, wind energy sources, fuel cells, batteries, micro gas-engines and storage elements. MG will include AC/DC circuits, developed power electronics devices, inverters and power electronic controllers. A novel modulated power filters (MPF) device will be applied in MG design. Enhanced bacterial foraging optimization (EBFO) will be proposed to optimize and set the MPF parameters to enhance and tune the MG dynamic response. Recent dynamic control is applied to minimize the harmonic reference content. EBFO will adapt the gains of MPF dynamic control. The present research achieves an enhancement of MG dynamic performance, in addition to ensuring improvements in the power factor, bus voltage profile and power quality. MG operation will be evaluated by the dynamic response to be fine-tuned by MPF based on EBFO. Digital simulations have validated the results to show the effectiveness and efficient improvement by the proposed strategy.


N i n EARLY eighteen years have passed since the Justice Department began the first of the cases that are generally taken to have produced the "new" Sherman Act. For a time in the middle forties, judicial opinion reflecting the "monopoly is sin" bias of the Temporary National Economic Committee investigations was hailed in some circles as evidence that the venerable statute has finally been transformed into a "positive instrument of progress." Most students of the antitrust scene, however, preferred to reserve judgment pending final disposition of the important cases, for it is a commonplace in antitrust work that the government wins the opinions and the defendants win the decrees. Too often in the past, hopes for a trust-busting program had foundered and sunk on the reluctance of the courts to disturb established corporate structures. By now it is clear that this caution was fully justified, notwithstanding the impressive efforts of the Justice Department to follow up its legal victories1 with a radical application of dissolution and divestiture.' Even the most


Bump mapping is a technique that represents the detailed parts of an object surface, such as the skin of a peanut, using the geometry mapping without complex modeling. However, the hardware implementation for bump mapping is very expensive, because a large amount of per pixel computations, including the normal vector shading, is required. In this paper, we propose an effective bump mapping algorithm that utilizes the reference space with the polar coordinate system and also propose a new hardware architecture associated with the proposed bump mapping algorithm. The proposed architecture reduces the computations to transform the vectors from the object space into the reference space by using a new vector rotation method. It also reduces the computations for the illumination calculation by using the law of cosine. Compared with the previous approaches, the proposed architecture reduces multiplication operations up to 78%.


In this paper, we present the Circular Accessible Depth (CAD), a robust traversability representation for an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) to learn traversability in various scenarios containing irregular obstacles. To predict CAD, we propose a neural network, namely CADNet, with an attention-based multi-frame point cloud fusion module, Stability-Attention Module (SAM), to encode the spatial features from point clouds captured by LiDAR. CAD is designed based on the polar coordinate system and focuses on predicting the border of traversable area. Since it encodes the spatial information of the surrounding environment, which enables a semi-supervised learning for the CADNet, and thus desirably avoids annotating a large amount of data. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CAD outperforms baselines in terms of robustness and precision. We also implement our method on a real UGV and show that it performs well in real-world scenarios.


OBJECTIVE: To determine how well the primary progressive aphasia (PPA) consensus criteria could classify subjects using a quantitative speech and language battery that matches the test descriptions provided by the consensus criteria.
 BACKGROUND : While the PPA consensus criteria provide guidelines for syndromic classification, there are no guidelines about which particular tests, and cut-offs, should be utilized in classification.
 DESIGN/METHODS: One-hundred and five participants with a neurodegenerative speech and language disorder were prospectively recruited in this case control study. All subjects underwent neurological and neuropsychological evaluations, speech and language testing, and MRI. Twenty-one participants with apraxia of speech without aphasia served as controls. The subjects were syndromically classified using select tests and cut-offs from the speech and language battery. Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to examine participants that could not be classified.
RESULTS: Of the 84 aphasic subjects, 58 (69%) could be classified as agrammatic (27%), semantic (7%), or logopenic (35%)variants of PPA. The remaining 31% of participants could not be classified. Of the unclassifiable participants, two clusters were identified. The speech and language profile of the first cluster resembled mild logopenic PPA and the second cluster semantic PPA. Grey matter patterns of loss of these two clusters of unclassified participants also resembled mild logopenic and semantic variants.
 CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative application of consensus PPA criteria yields the three syndromic variants but leaves a large proportion unclassified. Therefore, the current consensus criteria need to be modified in order to improve sensitivity.
 Study Supported by: NIH R01-AG037491. Disclosure: Dr. Wicklund has nothing to disclose. Dr. Duffy has nothing to disclose. Dr. Strand has nothing to disclose. Dr. Machulda has nothing to disclose. Dr. Whitwell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Josephs has nothing to disclose.


Birnessite is a common weathering and oxidation product of manganese-bearing rocks. An O2 oxidation procedure of Mn(OH)2 in the alkali medium has been used to synthesize birnessite. Fast and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction (ED), energy dispersed X-ray analysis (EDAX), infrared spectroscopy (IR) techniques and chemical composition analysis, Eh-pH equilibrium diagram approaches were employed to investigate the reaction process and pathways of birnessite formation. Results showed that the process of the birnessite formation could be divided into four stages: (1) formation stage for hausmannite and feitknechtite, (2) stage of transformation of hausmannite and feitknechtite to buserite, (3) buserite crystal growing stage, and (4) stage of conversion of buserite into birnessite. Mn(OH)2 was mainly present as amorphous state only for a short initial time of oxidation reaction. In the oxidation process, buserite formed following two pathways by recrystallization after dissolution of the intermediates, and the transformations of the minerals de-pended on the Eh determined by the dissolved O2 concentration on their surfaces. The results are fundamental in further exploration on the mechanism of birnessite formation in the alkali medium. A great practical significance would also be expected with respect to the areas of material sciences.


It introduces the impeller design and manufacturing technique, puts forward the principle of the impeller curve modeling. By analysis of the difficulties such as the structure of the machine tool, axis controlling, manufacturing technique, manufacturing parameter in 5 axis manufacturing, it provides the design route and method for the model constituting and NC programming of the complex products.


This article examines the parallels between human rights education (HRE) and theatre/theatre education in terms of curricular goals and learning outcomes in an effort to add to the literature used by arts educators who engage in HRE and human rights educators who are interested in employing the arts in their pedagogy. The author reflects on her reiterative curricular development of upper-level/graduate courses focused on the integration of theatre/theatre education into HRE to offer readers insight into this emerging pedagogical intersection.


PURPOSE: To acquire a semiconductor integrated circuit whose wiring freedom is high and a wiring region area is small and a design method thereof by realizing a semiconductor integrated circuit wherein desired circuit design change is possible by changing only one wiring layer and a design method thereof. CONSTITUTION: A wiring region is constituted of a wiring group of first and second wiring layers and a through-hole group for connecting them. The wiring group of the first wiring layers is constituted of a basic wiring which connects logical cells and preliminary wirings 70, 72 existing in preliminary regions 60, 62 without a basic wiring. An insulating layer is provided with preliminary through-holes 80 to 86, 88 to 92 corresponding to the preliminary wirings 70, 72. If actual wiring is constituted by using preliminary wiring by changing and adding a second wiring layer after design is finished, it is possible to correspond to change of wiring just by changing one layer mask. Since both a first wiring layer and a second wiring layer are used for a basic wiring, effective wiring is possible and the area of a wiring region can be reduced. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


This research paper proposes feedback analysis related to training of the stakeholders. This method is designed to explore appropriate feedback of the trainees. In spite, of having potential capacity building programmes for employees of many organizations there is a gap in understanding some aspects of human resource management in general. The study was conducted by using ex-post facto research design. A total of 67 trainee participants were selected by using purposive sampling method, for theme specific training programme entitled "Competence Enhancement Programme on Motivation and Positive Thinking". The overall average feedback score for covering all the sessions were found 4.70 which indicates that the sessions covered are very useful in terms of knowledge gain, skills acquired, change in attitude, motivation and positive thinking. The overall scores calculated in terms of time allocation, range of coverage and use of teaching aids are 4.73, 4.71, 4.67 and 4.68 were justified in positive view and it can be concluded that the teachers dedicated towards their assigned task during the training programme. Overall training feedback score (4.66) indicated that the training programme is helpful for the respondents for their overall development. This study will help in the feedback analysis for further performance appraisal of an individual trainee as well as the trainers.


The invention discloses a deformation reinforcing method of a karst cave tunnel initial support and relates to the technical field of karst cave tunnel construction. The method comprises following steps: A, setting a plurality of anchor tubes at intervals on two side walls of a tunnel at its initial support deformed segment; B, passing two vertical beams provided with a plurality of through holes through anchor tube ends of the plurality of anchor tubes, and abutting the bottom faces of the vertical beams to outer ends of arch steel beams; C, passing a pad having a central hole through an anchor tube end of each anchor tube so as to abut the pads to the outer ends of the vertical beams, and connecting the arch steel beams with the vertical beams and the vertical beams with the pads. Compared with the prior art, the method enables safe, reliable reinforcement and prevents the deformation of the karst cave tunnel initial support.


Power spectral density is one of the possible feature extraction methods to identify differences in the brain electrophysiological processing in children with dyslexia. Known to be a neurological disorder, dyslexia causes learning deficiencies mostly related to reading, although research has shown that writing problems also poses significant challenge and is a good indicator to identify a child to be dyslexic. This research looks into the analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signal power spectrum density (PSD) during resting and writing activities of a poor dyslexic and capable dyslexic children. Activities include writing of known words based on cues from a computer. Eight electrodes position were localized that are based on pathway known for reading and writing, which are C3, C4, P3, P4, T7, T8, FC5 and FC6, where location of the right hemisphere were mirrored. Analysis showed that the PSD of the frontal right hemispheric locations in capable dyslexic children is significantly higher if compared to the left while poor dyslexics showed higher results in areas to the left. This can be viewed as the brain is compensating its left deficiencies with creating a new pathway that involved areas of the frontal right hemisphere.


A CONSIDERABLE amount of literature has been published in recent years concerning the theory of cylindrical thin shells under axial compression with or without internal pressure, and in this note it is shown that a simple approach could be made for efficient design of such pressure vessels. The vessel considered is shown in FIG. 1 together with some of its details. End effects and the initial deformations are not included in this work.


A rather striking feature of the subtalar (talocalcaneonavicular) joint in the human foot is the oblique orientation of its axis of rotation. While the general direction of this axis may be deduced from tlie movements of the foot in the living, it may be more clearly shown by manipulation of a partially dissected foot. Manter ('41) names a number of persons who have described the position of this axis and states that all who have done so "agree, in a general way, that it passes through the head of the talus and extends from below on the lateral side of the heel, upward, forward and medially." Besides that given by Manter ('41) illustrations of the position of this axis appear in Morris' Human Anatomy and Mollier 's Plastische Anatomie. Jlanter ('41) decided that a more accurate determination should be niade of the axis of rotation of the subtalar joint and, also, of the transverse tarsal joint. Using appropriate apparatus on sixteen cadaver feet he measured the declination of the axis from the horizonal and the vertical planes. The average declination in the sixteen feet he found to be 42" from the horizontal and 16" from the vertical plane. Concerning the functional significance of the oblique orientation of tlie axis of the subtalar joint little is given other than that the movements of tlie foot owe their characteristics in par t to its obliquity. Thus &inter ('41) states that, when the talus is fixed, movement in the subtalar joint produces a combination of eversion, abduction and slight dorsi-flexion, all the movements together constituting what is referred to as pronation. In the reverse direction these movements a re all opposite and are referred to as supination. Terry in Morris' Human Anatomy cites several advantages in walking which result from the ' ' obliquity and peculiar arrangement of the talocalcaneal articulation, " but by his description these do riot seem to be so much related to the obliquity of the axis as they are to the position of the articular facets


A new framework called evolving systems has been proposed to describe the autonomous assembly of actively controlled subsystems into an evolved system with a higher purpose. Using a perturbation applied to mass-spring components which comprise an evolving system, this paper looks at both the inheritance of stability and an approach using perturbation methods to determine the inheritance of stability in evolved systems.


Abstract Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma (DIPG) is a highly aggressive paediatric brainstem tumour with a dismal prognosis. Recurrent heterozygous mutations (p.K27M) in Histone H3 variant genes have been identified in the majority of DIPG cases. While the exact mechanism of H3K27M's function is poorly understood, evidence suggests a role for epigenetic dysregulation in disease pathogenesis. This study aims to use functional genomics to identify novel therapeutic dependencies in H3K27M DIPG. DIPG drug sensitivity screening was carried out in twelve established and validated patient derived cell lines (10 H3.3K27M and 2 Wt) using an FDA approved drug library containing 1480 compounds. Highly prevalent targets identified from this screen include HDAC, microtubule, proteasome and CDK inhibitors. Additionally, a custom pooled CRISPR knockout library of druggable targets (300 genes, 1200 guide RNAs) was used to identify key DIPG cell survival pathways. To date five DIPG cell lines (1 Wt; 1 H3.1; 3 H3.3) have undergone screening. Knockdown of known DIPG driver genes (TP53; PDGFRA; PIK3CA and PIK3CR1) resulted in reduced cell viability, consistent with their proposed function and validating knockout screen utility. Preliminary data demonstrates Wt and H3K27M DIPGs cluster independently based on genes required for survival, suggesting differing tumorigenesis mechanisms and the potential for therapeutically targeting genotype specific pathways. Correlation of parallel drug screen and RNA-seq data will potentially reveal H3-dependent pathways for therapeutic exploitation. Collectively, we show a functional genomics approach is able to identify genotype-specific pathway dependencies in DIPG, paving the way for molecularly informed personalized therapies for patients.


In order to conduct small target image segmentation automatically,a new method based on pulse couple neural networks(PCNN) and the gray scale entropy,is proposed for image segmentation and detection,starting from the aspect of characteristics of single small target image.Based on nonlinear gray scale entropy transform on an image with complex background and stochastic noise,this algorithm takes into account the condition that the gray scale images of gray scale entropy satisfy the object to background ratio of prior probability,and select the local region including a single small target which can be regarded as image processing part.Iterative segmentation and detection using improved PCNN is utilized under the criterion of local minimum cross-entropy.The experimental results show that the novel method not only can detect small target with the disturbance of complex background and random noise reliably,but also implement the best segmentation and detection automatically.This algorithm has stronger adaptability and performs well in target detecting.


Hybrid Power Systems (HPSs), particularly renewable energy-mix systems, use a wide variety of enabling technologies to overcome the difficulties associated with Renewable Energy (RE) resource variability in both standalone and grid-connected systems. According to the Egyptian national program towards reaching the 2020 objectives together with the continuous declination of the RE generation cost, extensive development and deployment of RE are witnessed from the government, academia, utilities and industry in Egypt. Therefore, this paper mainly aims at highlighting the potential of RE-hydrogen concept application for rural electrification in the small villages in Egypt in comparison with batteries. After introducing the comprehensive literature review that demonstrates the advantages and drawbacks of the RE standalone systems that mostly necessitates an Energy Storage System (ESS) support. The optimal.conomic design of the HPS that feeds the required electric load of the small Mansheat Taher village at Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt is considered. For this purpose, five different HPS configurations are studied such as: PV-wind-battery, PV-Fuel Cell (FC), wind-FC, PV-wind-FC, and PV-wind-battery-FC systems. The models of various systems are optimally designed, sized based on the daily data for energy availability and the demand using HOMERTM software. From the viability analysis of the simulation results, HPS system of xxxxxxx that provides a total net present cost of $1,233,317 is considered the most economic and feasible option. The cost of energy is 0.1424 $/kwh with a required initial capital of $916,728. A case study area, Monshaet Taher village at Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt with (29° 1' 17.0718"N, 30° 52' 17.04"E) is identified for economic feasibility in this work. HOMER optimization model plan was designed with annual average solar radiation scaled of 5.93 (kWh/m2/day), annual average wind speed for the location is 4.92 m/s. Keywords: Batteries, Energy Storage; Fuel Cells; Hybrid System; Renewable Energy; Rural Electrification.


Conclusions The concept and design freedom introduced by adopting spatial Ž lters to second-orderpartial differential equationsystems have been successfully veriŽ ed by an one-dimensional clamped-free shaft-based rotational acceleration rate sensor. It was shown that spatial Ž lters can introduce a no-phase delay low-pass Ž lter by offering a weighting function with the prechosen surface electrode, and the introduction of this odd function brings a differentiation to the transfer function. The method of imaging was introduced to extend the spatial Ž lter application area from a Ž nite structure to an inŽ nite domain, that is, spatial Ž lters can now be placed near or even at the boundaries.BeneŽ ts associatedwith adoptingspatial Ž lters to point sensors successfully demonstrate theoretically as well as experimentally the advantagesof the newly developed rotational acceleration rate sensor. In summary, expanding the bandwidth of rotational accelerationrate sensors by using newly developed Ž nite domain spatial Ž lters has been successfully veriŽ ed both theoretically and experimentally.


Background: Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a ubiquitous mesenchymal neoplasm which rarely occurs in the vulvovaginal region. There are a variety of other vulvovaginal mesenchymal lesions which exhibit morphological overlap with SFT and which often express CD34. Recently NAB2STAT6 gene fusions have been demonstrated in the vast majority of SFTs. This results in nuclear expression of STAT6 which is considered to be a sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker of SFTs. Aims: To evaluate STAT 6 immunohistochemical expression in a series of vulvovaginal mesenchymal lesions to ascertain whether this marker is of value in distinguishing SFT from other lesions. Methods and results: STAT6 immunohistochemical staining was performed on 50 vulvovaginal mesenchymal lesions. Four of four SFTs (100%) exhibited diffuse nuclear immunoreactivity. Other positive lesions were cellular angiofibroma (50%), aggressive angiomyxoma (85%), leiomyoma (33%), superficial cervicovaginal myofibroblastoma (88%), fibroepithelial polyp (62%), prepubertal fibroma (50%) and angiomyofibroblastoma (50%). All other lesions were STAT6 negative. Conclusions: While STAT6 is positive in all vulvovaginal SFTs, it is commonly positive in a variety of other mesenchymal lesions at this site limiting its diagnostic value. Future studies should investigate NAB2STAT6 gene fusion status in vulvovaginal mesenchymal lesions which are STAT6 positive.


The complex relationship between labour migration and capital accumulation within Western Europe has started to receive attention and generate debate only in recent years. But with this development, analysis of specific societies and migrant groups has extended ahead of the comparative experience of labour migration. This paper is concerned with the post-war political economy of migrant labour in Western Europe, and gives particular attention to the role of the state, the production crisis and the crisis management since the mid-1970s. Functionalist and economistic explanations of labour migration are rejected. Instead, a dialectical analysis is offered which takes fully into account the contradictory forms of the management and political control of migrant labour. In conclusion, some consideration is given to the growth of 'anti-foreigner' and racist forms of political action.


THE DEDIGN OF COCONUT TOOLS AUTOMATIC BASED
ON MICROCONTROLLER AVR ATMEGA16
(2016: 39 Pages + Bibliography + Picture + Table + Attachment)
Indah Fransisca
061330700585
JURUSAN TEKNIK KOMPUTER
POLITEKNIK NEGERI SRIWIJAYA
Technology has an important role in the modernize its present, where technology very helpful man in everyday, so people motivated to create an instrument in aoutomatically to simplify and accelerate in resolving the current job instrument grated coconut still in operate manually so the results obtained very long time and can mak risk injure wrist devise a grated up this plam have only one system. This system will involve infrared sensors ( Voltage active standby 5V/4,90V) when detect coconut, then with of a specified duration will make motor ac actived. If coconut get loss motor ac will off by itself.


The abundant number and poor quality of the rural populace have severely hampered the development of the rural economy and the standard of living in the country,let alone meet the general requirement of the well-off society.So the writers argue that the rural education for the adults is the only way,essential for the improvement of quality of farmers,turning the huge populace into an immense human capital,the population burden into human prosperity.


In the mobile edge computing environment, there are a large number of mobile edge services which are the carriers of various mobile intelligent applications. So how to recommend the most suitable candidate from such a huge number of available services is an urgent task, especially the recommendation task based on quality-of-service (QoS). In traditional service recommendation, collaborative filtering (CF) has been studied in academia and industry. However, due to the mobility of users and services, there exist several defects that limit the application of the CF-based methods, especially in an edge computing environment. The most important problem is the cold-start. In this paper, we propose an ensemble model which combines the model-based CF and neighborhood-based CF. Our approach has two phases, i.e., global features learning and local features learning. In the first phase, to alleviate the cold-start problem, we propose an improved auto-encoder which deals with sparse inputs by pre-computing an estimate of the missing QoS values and can obtain the effective hidden features by capturing the complex structure of the QoS records. In the second phase, to further improve prediction accuracy, a novel computation method is proposed based on Euclidean distance that aims to address the overestimation problem. We introduce two new concepts, common invocation factor and invocation frequency factor, in similarity computation. Then we propose three prediction models, containing two individual models and one hybrid model. The two individual models are proposed to utilize user similar neighbors and service similar neighbors, and the hybrid model is to utilize all neighbors. The experiments conducted in a real-world dataset show that our models can produce superior prediction results and are not sensitive to parameter settings.


Abstract : This report on air pollution survey techniques is the second of a series presenting solid waste, air pollutions, and water pollution survey guidelines. It is intended primarily for use by installation planning, operating, and maintenance personnel. The report presents guidelines for developing a comprehensive air pollution management plan and contains information on emission inventory procedures, source categorization, emission calculations, and regulation comparisons. Air pollution dispersion is discussed, along with factors affecting dispersion, such as source characteristics, meteorological factors, and physiological effects. A section about ambient air monitoring discusses the classification of common air pollutants and some general principles of an ambient air-monitoring network, such as instrument selection and optimum instrument siting. (Author)


Quasi-periodic pulsations (QPPs), which usually appear as temporal pulsations of the total flux, are frequently detected in the light curves of solar/stellar flares. In this study, we present the investigation of nonstationary QPPs with multiple periods during the impulsive phase of a powerful flare on 2017 September 6, which were simultaneously measured by the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT), as well as the ground-based BLENSW. The multiple periods, detected by applying a wavelet transform and Lomb–Scargle periodogram to the detrended light curves, are found to be ∼20–55 s in the Lyα and mid-ultraviolet Balmer continuum emissions during the flare impulsive phase. Similar QPPs with multiple periods are also found in the hard X-ray emission and low-frequency radio emission. Our observations suggest that the flare QPPs could be related to nonthermal electrons accelerated by the repeated energy release process, i.e., triggering of repetitive magnetic reconnection, while the multiple periods might be modulated by the sausage oscillation of hot plasma loops. For the multiperiodic pulsations, other generation mechanisms could not be completely ruled out.


Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common condition affecting the women of reproductive age that has significant social and economic impact. In developing countries like India, AUB affects about 5 to 15% of women in reproductive age group and it is increased in older women. Accurate diagnosis of the causative factor of AUB in this age group is of utmost importance so that appropriate management can be established. Primary Objective: To evaluate different clinical presentations of AUB in females of the age group of 40-60 years and to study the histomorphological pattern of endometrium in these cases. Secondary Objective: To observe Ki67 expression in endometrial glands in these conditions.


Abstract. A regeneratively mode-locked laser with simultaneous low noise radio frequency (RF) tone and optical comb generation is presented. The laser does not need any external RF signal and emits a pulse train at ∼10  GHz repetition rate with a 1.5-ps optical pulse width after compression. The generated RF tone has a signal-to-noise ratio of 121  dB/Hz and an RF fluctuation of 10−9 over 0.1 s. The optical frequency comb spacing is also at ∼10  GHz and the optical comb tooth has a linewidth of <1  kHz.


This study aims to determine the tariff of Jakarta LRT based on the analysis of ability to pay and willingness to pay for taxi users. The ability to pay value analysis approach uses travel cost method and determination of willingness to pay value using discrete choice analysis. From the analysis results can be seen that the value of the ability to pay is Rp. 63.316 and the willingness to pay value is Rp. 11.500. This indicates that the willingness to pay taxi users is less than the ability to pay.


The validity of concern regarding the narrow genetic base of released finger millet cultivars was explored.
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker-based assay of 35 finger millet cultivars with known
pedigree indicated substantial inter-cultivar genetic distance ranging from 0.90 to 0.26. While the cultivars, MR
2 and HR 911 were highly similar, Indaf 9 and OEB 57 were highly divergent at RAPD loci. The cultivars could
be grouped into nine clusters based on their genetic distance. The cultivars within a cluster had similar parentage and those grouped into different clusters had diverse parental origin. The preliminary evidences from the study did not completely support the hypothesis of narrow genetic base of finger millet cultivars developed and released for commercial cultivation in India.


The invention relates to a method of moving an aircraft comprising at least one auxiliary undercarriage in front of the aircraft and of the main undercarriages, each of the undercarriages carrying wheels, comprising the steps of: - fitting at least one of the wheels (2) carried by the auxiliary undercarriage (1) of an engine main body displacement (3), and equip at least one of the wheels carried by the main undercarriages (5) of an organ extra displacement motor (7); - in response to a move command, request the main moving motor member for moving the aircraft, and in particular if the driving effort of the aircraft developed using the main moving motor member is insufficient, seek extra body moving motor as needed.


Andeleef is an important writer of Sliver Era in realistic literature,the literary heritage he left is rich and precious.He was not only an important novelist at that time,but also an important playwright.The text mainly introduces Andeleef and his severay chief novers.


Multi-task learning (MTL) is a learning paradigm to learn multiple related tasks simultaneously with a single shared network where each task has a distinct personalized header network for fine-tuning. MTL can be integrated into a federated learning (FL) setting if tasks are distributed across clients and clients have a single shared network, leading to personalized federated learning (PFL). To cope with statistical heterogeneity in the federated setting across clients which can significantly degrade the learning performance, we use a distributed dynamic weighting approach. To perform the communication between the remote parameter server (PS) and the clients efficiently over the noisy channel in a power and bandwidth-limited regime, we utilize over-the-air (OTA) aggregation and hierarchical fed-erated learning (HFL). Thus, we propose hierarchical over-the-air (HOTA) PFL with a dynamic weighting strategy which we call HOTA-FedGradNorm. Our algorithm considers the channel conditions during the dynamic weight selection process. We conduct experiments on a wireless communication system dataset (RadComDynamic). The experimental results demonstrate that the training speed with HOTA-FedGradNorm is faster compared to the algorithms with a naive static equal weighting strategy. In addition, HOTA-FedGradNorm provides robustness against the negative channel effects by compensating for the channel conditions during the dynamic weight selection process.


An intelligent integrated environment that provides decision support for printed circuit board (PCB) assembly is presented. This simulation-based decision support system enables manufacturing engineers, with little or no simulation experience, to exploit this technology fully for design and management of PCB assembly lines. PCB lines are selected for their simplicity in representation but stochasticity in nature of product demand and change. Within the environment is the capability to design graphically simulation models mapped to the real system, to define desired production targets, to execute a base language model and to generate results that can be intelligently analysed and presented for remedial action. A case example is also presented.


The advent of packetized audio transmission system has resulted in challenging requirements for echo cancellation technology.One key aspect of this technology is the need to estimate,quickly and accurately,the delay in an echo path in the transmission media.Delay estimation based on direct application of cross-correlation has poor performance and high implementation cost for the echo cancellation.A new method was presented in this paper.Input signals are bandpass filtered,downsampled,and cross-correlation function is computed via using the whitened signals.Theoretical analysis and experiment results show that the new delay estimation has resulted in higher performance and lesser computation cost than the traditional delay estimation.This method has a broad application in communication systems.


This paper describes a technique for parsing dependency grammars using a bottom-up chart parser originally designed for phrase-structure grammars, using typed feature structures as the only data structure. Each lexical item is represented as a tree where nodes indicate lexical elements (the anchor, its dependents and governor) and edges (branches) indicate dependency relations between these elements. Nodes may carry additional features, including one for node saturation. Trees combine into derived trees provided that node and edge features unify. The ALE system is used to implement an active chart parser where a chart edge represents a tree, and two adjacent edges are combined into a more saturated tree.


Seedlings of Cucurbita moschata Duch. with three true leaves were put in the darkness under low-temperature of 25/15℃(day/night), 15/10℃,10/5℃,5/0℃for 24 hour;and the electric conductivities of treated seedlings were measured to study the adaptability of the Cucurbita moschata Duch. to low temperature stress. The results show that the electric conductivity measured after the leaves are leaked for 60 minutes is typical. And the electric conductivity of leaves under 5/0X3 treatment can be used to distinguish the adaptabilities of different materials,indicating that 5/0X3 is the lowest growing temperature of Cucurbita moschata Duch.The adaptability varies among different varieties,and materials No 344,360,151 can be applied in the future.


The purpose of this study is to assist individuals in understanding themselves with the given career interventions. Career decisions are the ability of a person to use his knowledge, emotions and thoughts. The ability of career decisions is based on cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects. Cognitive aspects; understand themselves and the environment (family, friends and society), knowledge of decision making steps, understanding of information. Affective aspects; responsible, emotionally involved in discussions about careers. Psychomotor aspects; use of knowledge and thought. Career decisions can be made with a variety of career interventions in accordance with the objectives to be achieved with several alternative options in developing career decisions. To develop career decisions some appropriate interventions are given such as reality counseling, cognitive reconstruction and social cognitive models.


A new isolate belonging to Alcaligenes faecalis extracellularly produced a strong Surface active agent (1.2±0.05 gl-1) after growing on molasses. The highest surface tension reduction was determined to level 20 mN/m under optimum conditions at 50°C. The optimum values of carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), salinity, pH, and temperature obtained were 60:1, 7.5%, 7.0 and 50°C, respectively using Taguchi experimental design method. In Laboratory-scale core flooding experiments with biosurfactant, the oil recovery of crude oil was increased from 41% and 44% to 51.7% and 49.6% of original oil in place for permeabilities of 1 and 54 mD, respectively.


The challenges that instructors face attempting to motivate novice programming students are amplified when the students are not pursuing degrees or careers in computer science. For the programming module of our course for non-computer science majors we assigned a video game programming deliverable that we expected would engage students and enhance their experiences. After extensive analyses of the survey responses of 245 enrolled students we were surprised to learn that, although the majority believed the game programming experience enhanced their learning overall, another majority reported that the project itself was not enjoyable. Through qualitative analysis we have identified several key areas that seem to have detracted from the overall level of enjoyment, and in this paper we follow this investigation with discussion surrounding how these issues could be remedied in the future. These recommended strategies will bolster student enjoyment and motivation in future offerings and we believe this discussion will prove very useful to other instructors planning to employ game programming components.


The spin Hall effect does not generally result in a transverse voltage. We predict that in systems with inhomogeneous electron density in the direction perpendicular to main current flow, the spin Hall effect is instead accompanied by a transverse voltage. We find that, unlike the ordinary Hall effect, this voltage is quadratic in the longitudinal electric field for a wide range of parameters accessible experimentally. We also predict spin accumulation in the bulk and sharp peaks of spin Hall induced charge accumulation near the edges. Our results can be readily tested experimentally, and would allow the electrical measurement of the spin Hall effect in non-magnetic systems and without injection of spin-polarized electrons.


A majority of Tionghoa food is not halal. However, the food has to be adapted in the majority of Muslim countries, such as Indonesia, in order to become a culinary (gastronomy) attraction. The objective of this study examines tourist motivation for having Tionghoa halal food as one unique acculturation culture brand identity for promoting sustainable gastronomy tourism in Bandung, Indonesia. Using a regression analysis of 109 respondents, the results indicate that identity of food, good experience, and exploration have positive significant effect to construct the tourist motivation, while restaurant physical and ambience, food quality and service, halal awareness and certification, and promotion have affected the tourist motivation insignificantly. These results suggest that the curiosity about the food becomes the prominent motivation for the tourist. However, the collected data in this research is limited because of social distancing during the Covid-19 pandemic. Thus, the other large data for this model might be caused by difference results.


Experimental results are presented on repetitive shock loading of a betonite clay suspension with a thixotropic-coagulation structure. In a simplified formulation of the problem, a theoretical study is made of the instantaneous destructurization and subsequent thixotropic recovery of the structure of the suspension, by an analysis of the incident shock waves; also, reflection of the waves from a rigid wall is examined. Qualitative agreement is found between the calculations and the experimental data.


This study aims to examine the effect of product quality, price and sevice quality on costumer satisfaction Nesmilo restaurant in Samarinda. The population in this study were consumers in Nesmilo restaurants with a total sampel of 80 respondents. Data collection techniquess were carried out by observaction, interviews, documentation and questionnaires. Analysis tools used validity test, reliability test, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis and hypothesis testing with spss version 22. The results of this study indicate that product quality, price and service quality simultaneously have a positive effect on customer satisfaction. The results of this study also indicate that product quality partially has a significant negative effect on customer satisfaction. The variable price partially has no effect on customer satisfaction, then the service quality partialy has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction and the most influential variable on customer satisfaction is sevice quality.


Corresponding author Letícia Preti Schleder Duarte da Costa street, 52 Vila Rafael de Oliveira, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil. Zip Code 13201-094 email@example.com 1 Faculdade de Medicina de Jundiaí, Jundiaí, SP, Brazil. 2 Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. 3 Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Conflict of interest: no conflicts of interest to declare. Abstract Objective: To assess spiritual/religious coping (SRC) of relatives of patients hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of two hospitals. Methods: Quantitative descriptive study. Data were collected from 45 family members (80% female and 20% male, mean age 37.5 years) using a questionnaire for sample characterization and SRCOPE scale. Results: The value of total SRCOPE scale obtained was 3.4 showing that the family participants mean made use of SRC strategies. Regarding the value of the ratio negative SRC/positive SRC, the mean value was 0.7, demonstrating that the positive SRC strategies were used more often. Conclusion: Family members use positive SRC strategies more than negative during the hospitalization of a family member in the ICU, they all believe in God and most believe that spirituality has helped them to cope with the stress of hospitalization.


Air vent structure for helmet installed in an outer portion of a communicating hole (103) formed in the left and right side of the jaw protection (103) of a helmet body (100). Said air vent structure includes a base member (130), a door base member (140) and a side door member (150). The base member (130) comprises a first inlet hole (131), a first air moving portion space portion (132), a second air inlet hole (133) and a plurality of first outlet holes (134). The door base member (140) which is slidably mounted on the base member (130), includes a first end portion (142) for closing and opening the first inlet hole (131), a third air inlet hole (143) and a second air outlet hole (144). The side door member (150) which is slidably mounted on the door base member (140), comprises a second end portion (152) for opening and closing the second air inlet hole (133) and a second air moving space portion (153). As the door base member (140) and the side door member (150) are slidable on the base member (130) and the door base member (140) respectively, several opening and closing steps are achieved: in a first one, the door base (140) is opened when the side door member (150) is closed and, in a second one, both side door member (150) and door base member (140) are opened. Each of said first and second opening and closing steps may have several implemented sub-steps.


The purpose of study was to inspect relation between major flow experience and career decision-making self efficacy of students of college of nursing, and to give materials of career consulting and career program development of college students. The subject was 300 college students in their 3rd and ...


Production technology of the parent substance of immunomodulating drug timofer, representing 0.0148% aqueous solution of coordination compounds of isoleucyl-tryptophan and iron(II) is described. According to this, the parent substance of timofer is prepared by mechanical mixing of isoleucyl-tryptophan dipeptide and iron(II) sulfate in equimolar amounts. The physical and chemical properties of timofer prepared from this parent substance were the same as those of the preparation obtained by mixing the aqueous solutions of dipeptide and iron(II) salt. Methods of quality control of the proposed parent substance of timofer with respect to the main parameters have been developed. Using this substance, it is possible to exclude the stages of preparation of the solutions of dipeptide and iron salt and their mixing for the production of the final medicinal form.


Abstract : The tensile behavior of copper foils prepared from rolled bulk material has been studied over the thickness range 2 to 53 microns, and for a wide range of grain sizes. For foils of comparable grain size, yield strength increases with decreasing foil thickness t below about 26 microns, with a corresponding decrease in ductility. Glide dislocation configurations in zone melted single crystals of molybdenum, deformed in tension at temperatures in the range 4.2 to 300 K, have been examined by thin film electron transmission microscopy. The slip band structure is characterized by long primary screw dislocations. Consistent with the presence of secondary slip, the bulk stress-strain curves do not exhibit a region of easy glide. (Author)


The article defines the purpose creation of a linguistic didactic model, which consists in outlining the logical sequence of educational actions of the teacher and cadets, which correspond to the developed system of exercises. Six content modules for performing preparatory exercises are outlined, independent preparation for dialogic speech using the Case study method, actual practice in dialogic speech using the role-play method; each cycle is dedicated to teaching one type of dialogue – questioning, agreement, discussion, which forms Persian speaking competence and dialogical speech of future interpreters in the field of ensuring state security. The goals of training and the professional sphere of communication of such specialists are determined, where the following functional types of dialogues are mainly used: dialoguequestioning, dialogue-arrangement, dialogue-discussion. The content of modules is described: International partnership and state policy of Ukraine in the sphere of safeguarding of state security, Ensuring the protection of human rights and freedoms, interests of society and the state, Intelligence and information protection, Combating terrorism, Protection of national statehood and national interests, Pre-trial investigations. The work of the cadets is planned, divided into classroom and independent work. Two variants of the training model are proposed, which differ in the preliminary cooperation of cadets in preparation for dialogic speech.


In this paper, we focus on PHYTOPOROUS, a porous carbon material made entirely from plant-based ingredients, as a new broadband-wave absorber material that acts in the millimeter wave band. We created prototypes of thin rubber-sheet wave absorbers that contain porous carbon (PHYTOPOROUS) made from rice chaff and soybean hulls, which are both agricultural residue products that are generated in large quantities. We investigated the permittivity and reflectance characteristics of this material using the free-space time-domain method. The thin rubber-sheet wave absorber that contained PHYTOPOROUS made from soybean hulls exhibited a frequency band that was approximately 18 GHz wide and centered at 90 GHz. The return loss for this material was greater than −20 dB. This demonstrates that the material provides nearly constant reflection absorption over a wide frequency band.


For increasing the development of thin oil layers which are especially low but abundant, increasing the per-well production and the using degree of the reservoir, increasing the effective exploitation of Fuyang oil layer, Daqing oilfield has successfully finished the well Zhao Fen 31- Ping 28, only by 14 days and 6 hours. It filled the blank of drilling and completion techniques in lateral well in Daqing oilfield. This text introduced the geology characteristic of this well′s area, discussed the engineering design and drilling technique of lateral well.


from reality and that acting on the material by some means is itself a method necessary for diagnosis as well as treatment. If we abolish the absolute condition of disease, and see that, for example, bronchitis is as much an expression of social pathology as is cancer of the lung from excessive cigarette smoking, then the field of action of the doctor becomes immensely expanded and may merge with the role of any citizen who is well informed about a topic.


Collectively solving problems shared by many nations requires a new global science and technology commons, which could be modeled on successful past experiences.


Firstly,this paper constructs a theoretical framework which can explain the spillovers of housing price,the trans-regional impact of real income per capita on housing prices as well as the impact of interest rate shock to the housing price development among different cities.Then,using GVAR model,the empirical results show that,the first-tier cities,such as Beijing,have comparatively large spillovers of housing price,while the spillovers in central and western cities are not obvious.The housing price of firsttier and eastern cities are not only affected by the real income per capita of these cities themselves but also affected by that of other cities to a large extent,while the housing price of central and western cities are mainly affected by the real income per capita of these cities themselves.The real interest rate changes have large influence on the housing price of first-tier cities and eastern cities,but weak influence on that of central and western cities.The empirical results have definite policy implications.


Objective:To explore the main influence factor of infant motor development.Methods:The children mental scales were used to test fine activities and gross movement developmental quotient in infants aged l year old.And the factor questionaire self-designed were used to survey.The data were analyzed by broad linear regression to carry on the single factor and multifactorial analysis.Results:The main influence factor of fine motor development were sex,gestational age and disease of newborn.The main influence factor of infant gross motor development were early educated and early intervention,sex and birth weigh.Conclusion:In addition to some biology factors can affect the infant motor development,early education and early intervention can promote infant motor development.


In a certain context,it is possible that an utterance can have several presuppositions,yet contain only meaning or implication.A presupposition can lead to several meanings.In the process of conversing,how does the speaker assume the presupposition,and how does the listener select the proper presupposition to help understand the utterance?This article begins with the error analysis in presupposition perception.By means of logic methods and from the angle of cognitive pragmatics ,it sudies the perception of the assumed presupposition,and analyzes the principles,strategies and processes of presupposition selection.It also puts forward a mental model of presupposition selectiop.The author thinks there are three levels of strategies for presupposition selection:logic-semantic analysis,pragmatic inference and integration.The presupposition selection is an exploring process of perception,inference,understanding and choosing.The conclusion is that cognitive environment is the critical factor for the presupposition selection,for it provides the possibility for the identification of the best relevance.


In this paper an attempt is made to apply the dialogical approach to modelling legal justification in a particular legal case and to present a dialogical reconstruction of a controversial judicial decision from the Macedonian legal context. The reconstruction is carried out using a contemporary dialogical model of legal justification: Arno Lodder's DiaLaw. The dialogical approach on which this model is based is shown to be suitable for representing the argumentative dynamics and strategic elements of legal argumentation. However, there are still some open questions related to its use, especially concerning the normative status of dialogical rules and the possibility of modelling the role of the judge or arbiter in legal controversies.


One of the most anticipated approaches to overcoming the uncertainty of millimeter wave (mmWave) network is the deployment of ultra-dense small-cells in future fifth generation (5G). In order to produce a seamless and extremely dependable user mobility connection, mobility management is a crucial issue that needs to be solved. Given that fourth generation (4G) networks and 5G ultra dense small cells coexist, handover (HO) in heterogeneous networks (HetNets) has brought attention. The most frequent mobility problems in HetNets are handover rate and failure, which can be prevented by modifying handover control parameters (HCPs) such time-to-trigger (TTT) and handover margin (HOM). In this paper, a dynamic HCPs algorithm is proposed in HetNets that adapts HOM and TTT based on user speed and received signal reference power (RSRP). Furthermore, in a high-speed environment, the RSRP signal is used to predict travel time in order to reduce the number of unnecessary handover (UHO) and HO failure. For various user mobile speed scenarios, the proposed algorithm was compared to static HCPs. Finally, according to the simulation results, the dynamic HCPs algorithm greatly lowers the handover rate (HOR), handover ping pong rate (HOPP), and handover failure rate (HOF), hence enhancing network performance at varied mobile speeds.


Development of knowledge economics provides the chance to human management innovation. The effectiveness of management, a new level of performance management, is emerging before us. It upholds that the performance evaluation system must integrate the strategy of organization under knowledge economics and embodies fully the value of intellectual capital. The system stands for researching evaluation method in order to separate the ability of evaluation subjects from the comprehensive strength, and makes the ability and degree of subjective effort to be emerged.


The purpose of this research is to analyse the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Kosovo via extensive review of existing research studies, and via the development of a multiple regression model for identifying key determinants of FDI in Kosovo from 2005 to 2018. Ordinary Least Square (OLS) is the main method used to identify statistically significant determinants of FDI in Kosovo, and the importance of these determinants. Potential FDI determinants are tested at the 5% level of statistical significance. The empirical results find that corporate tax rate, wages, GDP growth rate and interest rates are the determining factors in attracting FDI to Kosovo.


The papers in this volume were originally prepared for the 2006 Ralph and Ruth Fisher Forum and associated workshops held at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in June 2006. Four were presented at the 2006 Slavic Librarians' Workshop on June 15. The others were presented June 17-18 at the Forum itself, entitled "Book Arts, Culture and Media in Russia, Eastern Europe and Eurasia: From Print to Digital." Numerous topics were addressed, but the papers included here fall under the theme of Access to East European and Eurasian Culture: Publishing, Acquisitions, Digitization, Metadata.


Shows a happy family playing on the floor of their living room. At the right a father plays with the doll's house of one of his daughters, while the mother at left, holds the younger daughter in her arms.
The carpet has a scrolled leaf pattern.
The referendum on six o'clock closing was held on 9 March 1949.
Date decided by similarity to image on back of pamphlet issued 1948 by NZ Alliance: \"6 o'clock closing or 10: (at Ephemera A ALCOHOL. Hours 1948).
The referendum on six o'clock closing was held on 9 March 1949.
Quantity: 1 colour photo-mechanical print(s).
Physical Description: Photolithographed image, stuck to board inscribed with inked text, 313 x 403 mm.


The number of micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in 2017 was recorded at 45 million business units. The majority of our economic actors are small and medium enterprises. In addition, this sector also absorbs 79 million people from the 100 million Indonesian workforce. Therefore, there must be various efforts made to develop small businesses in Indonesia, so that this sector develops better. Semarang City and Semarang Regency are the lowest cities for the number of batik entrepreneurs, therefore batik from Semarang City and Semarang Regency is the focus of research. If Semarangan Batik UKM cannot maintain its existence and make improvements to deal with market behavior that is increasingly open in the future, Semarangan Batik will be left far behind other batik-producing districts. population is 150 Semarangan Batik UMKM players in Semarang City and Semarang Regency as many as 150. The results of testing the effect of information technology utilization on competitive advantage is information technology has a positive effect on competitive advantage, the use of information technology has a positive effect on business performance, innovation strategies have a positive effect on excellence competing, innovation strategies do not have a positive effect on business performance and competitive advantage has a positive effect on business performance


The study applies a multiple and simultaneous structural model to demonstrate from the quantitative point of view that poverty is the result not only of simple variables such as income, the basket, the UBN and it was irrefutably demonstrated. This study was based on another study to evaluate the impact of TEKOPORA Program so called to the "conditional cash transfer" as part of state policy to reduce and overcome poverty in general and especially rural poverty. It was a representative sample at the level of the five poorest departments of Paraguay: Caaguazú, Concepcion, Canindeyú, San Pedro and Caazapá with over 2300 sampling units focused on the rural sector. With this assay poverty arises as the result of complex factors linking and interact simultaneously, structural and systemic and it must be taken into account to measure poverty and therefore to design more effective and efficient policies in the struggle for structural overcoming rural poverty. Therefore, measurement of poverty does not have to be reduced in the poverty line, or in the unsatisfied basic needs or in the integrated method. On the contrary, it must be studied through multiple causal, simultaneous and structural model.


PURPOSE
Lumbar Segmental Instability (LSI) is a subgroup of nonspecific Low Back Pain (NSLBP) without any accepted diagnostic tool as a gold standard. Some authors emphasize on quality measure such as centre of rotation (COR) but construct validity of this measure had not been approved. Therefore the purpose of the present study was to evaluate Concurrent and Convergent validity of COR in differentiating LSI.

METHODS
A total of 66 volunteered males participated in three groups named control, NSLBP and LSI groups based on clinical examination. Patients were diagnosed as LSI according to screening criteria adopted by Hicks et al. Study variables included CORs of lumbar segments in sagittal plane. Three x-rays were taken in neutral, flexion and extension positions. The variables were calculated using CARA software. The ANOVA and Tukey test were utilized in statistic analysis.

RESULTS
ANOVA results demonstrated mean differences between three groups for COR of L4 motion segment in y axis (p= 0/008) and L5 motion segment in y axis (p= 0/005) were significant. Tukey test showed significant difference for COR of L4 motion segment in y axis between LSI and healthy groups (p= 0/038) and between LSI and NSLBP groups (p= 0/009). For COR of L5 motion segment in y axis, tukey test demonstrated mean difference between LSI and healthy groups (p= 0/028) and between LSI and NSLBP groups (p= 0/007) were significant. Tukey test did't show any significant difference between NSLBP and healthy groups for COR of L4 (p= 0/852) and L5 (p= 0/871) motion segments in y-axis.

CONCLUSIONS
The COR has ability to differentiate patients with signs and symptoms of LSI from other NSLBP and healthy subjects based on the present study results. However, more researches are needed to develop and support results of this study.


Geopolymeric cement was prepared at room temperature and atmospheric pressure using coal-kaolinite,which was grinded,burnt and activated by alkali activators.The factors that affect the strength of geopolymeric cement in the preparation process are discussed,including calcining temperature,holding time,fineness of metakaolin,the species and dosage of alkali activators,modulus and dosage of sodium silicate solution for industrial use,and the curing condition.The results show that the new cementitious material with early high strength can be prepared as the coal-kaolinite is calcined at 750~850 ℃ and holds about 2 h,and then the amorphous metakaolin is activated by sodium silicate solution whose modulus and dosage are 1.0 and 8%,respectively,and cured under autogenous conditions.


INTRODUCTION As discussed in Chapters 6 and 7, the importance of tariffs and quantitative restrictions as barriers to trade in goods has gradually decreased over time. While continued vigilance and further liberalisation efforts regarding these traditional barriers to trade are certainly called for, regulatory measures affecting trade in goods raise now a more pressing challenge for the multilateral trading system. As discussed in Chapter 7, such regulatory measures can take the form of technical barriers to trade. The current chapter deals with the WTO rules applicable to technical barriers to trade (TBT). The next chapter, Chapter 14, will deal with the different WTO rules applicable to sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures, which pose challenges to international trade similar to technical barriers to trade. The WTO rules applicable to technical barriers to trade and those applicable to SPS measures have in common that they go beyond the general rules applicable to non-tariff barriers, as set out in the GATT 1994. As discussed in Chapters 4, 5 and 7, these general rules focus on eliminating the negative trade effects of non-tariff measures, primarily by prohibiting them (as is the case for quantitative restrictions) or by ensuring their non-discriminatory application (as is the case for internal tax and regulatory measures). However, the rules applicable to technical barriers to trade, as set out in the TBT Agreement , and the rules applicable to SPS measures, as set out in the SPS Agreement , go further in addressing non-tariff barriers to trade by also promoting regulatory harmonisation. The relevant rules of the TBT Agreement and the SPS Agreement encourage Members to harmonise their national TBT and SPS measures around standards set by the relevant international standard-setting bodies. Technical barriers to trade, the subject matter of this chapter, are omnipresent in modern society. Television sets, toys, cosmetics, medical equipment, fertilisers, meat and cheese are all subject to requirements relating to their (intrinsic and extrinsic) characteristics and the manner in which they are produced. The objective of these requirements may be – and often is – the protection of life or health, the protection of the environment, the protection of consumers, the prevention of deceptive practices, or the protection or promotion of many other legitimate societal values or interests. These requirements may be mandatory, set and enforced by governments.


It is important to run a family therapy alongside treatment of a patient with depression. The patient's family commits quite a frequent mistake of treating depression complaints as a manifestation of laziness, fatigue and ill will. There are two stages in education. In the first one,  the essence of depression to the patient and his family is explained. The second stage of education is to draw attention to the mental and social sphere of the patient. This stage consists of two phases: psychological and social. Therapeutic communication is a specific form of communication. Help is directed to people who cannot make order in their own emotions, thoughts and perceive correctly the surrounding reality. The purpose of communication is also to facilitate the patient's expression of emotions. Therefore, therapeutic communication of a healing nature is the basis for helping mentally ill patients. Suicide is usually committed on impulse in the first, acute phase of depression or after entering the latent phase. Suicide is now considered a multidimensional phenomenon, resulting from the complex interaction of biological, psychological, sociological and environmental factors. The psychological state of people with suicidal tendencies is characterized by three characteristics: ambivalence, impulsiveness, stiffness. Suicide in children and adolescents is of the utmost importance


This thesis explores the characterizations of women in Dante's Divine Comedy and uses this information to assess Dante's opinion of women, including their behaviors, traits, and roles in society. It approaches The Comedy from a specific historical angle and requires a basic knowledge of the poem in order to understand some of the references. The entire text incorporates historical sources and evidence to support these interpretations of women in The Comedy, as they demonstrate why and how Dante might have characterized women in the way he did. Many of the arguments are supported by the Summa Theologica of Thomas Aquinas and several texts by Aristotle, as both of these writers influenced Dante's writing. The first chapter examines the women of the Inferno, especially those punished for lust, and determines that Dante considered women to be less reasonable and more susceptible to temptation than men. This chapter also highlights Dante's use of the defiled female body to portray the perversion that results from sin as well as the dangers of female sexuality. The second chapter looks at the women of Purgatorio and deduces that Dante placed immense power in feminine prayer. Most of the evidence for this argument comes from the fact that several male souls in Purgatory emphasize the importance of the prayers from their female relatives in shortening their stay in Purgatory. The third chapter studies the women of Paradiso and shows that Dante believed that women possessed free will that allowed them to resist temptation and make rational decisions. This chapter also shows that Dante had a high regard for mothers, as is evident by his worship of the Virgin Mary. It also shows that Dante advocated separate social spheres for men and women and endowed each sex with a different set of appropriate virtues. The final chapter focuses on Beatrice and shows that, although Dante believed women inherently lacked the courage, strength, and intelligence of men, they possessed the capacity for revelation, which they could use not only to help themselves understand divine truth but also reveal these truths to others. Overall, the paper concludes that, although Dante agreed with many of his contemporaries that women were physically and mentally weaker than men and that they should not take up the same social functions as men, he believed that, in the afterlife, men and women could achieve equality and that, due to their immense spiritual power, women could potentially become perfect. Table of


Model-based development becomes more and more popular in the development of embedded software systems in the car industry. On the websites of tool vendors many success stories can be found, which report of efficiency gains from up to 50% in the development, high error reductions and a more rapid increase of the maturity level of developed functions (The Mathworks, 2010) (dSPACE 2010) just because of model-based development. Reliable and broadly spread research that analyze the status quo of model-based development and its effects on the economics are still missing. This article describes the results of a global study by Altran Technologies, the chair of software and systems engineering and the chair of Information Management of the University of Technology in Munich which examines the costs and benefits of model-based development of embedded systems in the car industry.


Organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) is a kind of organic electronic device which are developed on the basis of traditional inorganic field-effect transistors. It has attracted more and more attention because of its advantages of smaller volume, less weight, lower power consumption suitable for flexible substrates, low cost and can be able to mass-produce. Fabrication organic static induction transistors (OSIT) using copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) dye with standard vacuum evaporated method. The OSIT have five layered structure of Au(Source)/CuPc/Al(Gate)/CuPc/Au(Darin). Under the conditions of bias voltage with VDS= 2V, IDS / IGS=1000. As the results shows that compared with CuPc MOSTFT, the OSIT got lower driver voltage and higher current density.


Lead–zirconate–titanate (PZT) thick films for high-frequency ultrasound applications were fabricated using an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. The PZT powder was synthesized from constituent oxides at close-to-room temperature by mechanochemical activation followed by calcination at 700°C. Homogeneous PZT thick films with a thickness of ~30 μm and a density of ~80% were produced from ethanol-based colloidal suspensions containing PZT and PbO particles that were deposited using a constant-current mode on a platinized alumina substrate and were sintered in the presence of a liquid phase at temperatures compatible with thick-film technology. The dielectric, mechanical, and piezoelectric parameters of the PZT thick films with a porosity of ~20% were measured and a thickness-coupling factor of 48% was obtained. Considering that a PZT thick film is a composite structure consisting of PZT and pores, there are several methods that can be applied to calculate the effective parameters where the composite is considered as a piezoelectric homogeneous material. For this study, a matrix method based on a generalization of 2-2 connectivity was used to deduce the parameters of a completely dense configuration. Our results confirmed that the EPD process is suitable for the fabrication of efficient, high-frequency transducers operating at frequencies above 40 MHz.


With the advancement of digital recording and storing technology, plus the huge growth of world wide web, people nowadays use digital texts instead of paper to write and record. In order to realize more text applications, the technology of text classification is gradually gaining attention recently. To achieve automatic text classification through machine learning, the related five technologies, including pre-processing, feature extraction, feature selection, term weighting and classification algorithm, are often discussed as well by many researches. In this paper, we are going to explore the impact of term weighting on text classification. Term weighting is definitely a very important part of text classification. The calculated weight should directly reflect the importance of the term in entire text to allow machine learning to achieve the best classified result. We applied some common term weighting methods to several pre-defined datasets and conducted the experiments. Instead of intuitively considering that the value of weight represents how important it is, it turned out that the result shows the term actually may not as important as the high scored weight represents.


Objectives The purpose of the study was to explore the psychosocial status of the elderly living in rural China, and to find out what the elderly needs and demands.Methods The 136 subjects of octogenarian or older were randomly sampled from four villages and towns with special economic developing feature in Zhongxiang City, Hubei Province. They were interviewed by using house visiting. The details, which included their subjective sense of happiness, worries to future, their hope and so on, were investigated.Results Most of the elderly are satisfactory with the current living, labor, health and provision status.Conclusions with the development of aging society, it is important to strengthen and improve the service and provision system to the elderly.


Suspended ceilings in indoor swimming pools are safety‐relevant components. As was demonstrated by the collapses of the ceiling of the Uster (CH) indoor swimming pool (1985) and again at Steenwijk (NL, 2001) greater attention has to be paid to selecting suitable materials and inspecting the state of such components. Our findings according to corrosion of metal fastening components of more than 150 indoor swimming pools in Switzerland are reported. The corrosion behaviour of stainless steels and galvanized steels are compared and discussed including newer results from the literature.


Mitochondria are key organelles inside the cell that house a wide range of molecular pathways involved in energy metabolism, ions homeostasis, and cell death. Several computational solutions have been publicized to characterize the different mitochondrial aspects and thus support basic and clinical research. Most of them consist of web inventories of the mitochondrial proteome and interactome or collection of human mitochondrial DNA variations. However, no published databases that provide the detailed characterization of multiple mitochondrial pathways and their association with different processes are available to date. Here, we present MitopatHs (https://web.math.unipd.it/mitopaths/), a new mitochondrial-focused resource that allows to navigate among the biochemical signalling pathways (PatHs) of human (H) mitochondria (Mito). MitopatHs is constructed to dissect virtually all types of pathways in two complementary ways: a logical view, where the sequence of biochemical reactions is presented as logical deductions, and an intuitive graphical visualisation, which enables the examination and the analysis of each step of the pathway. MitopatHs is a manually curated, open access and collaborative web tool, whose primary goal is not to produce publication-ready figures but to enable the comprehension of a complicated molecular route in an easy and fast way.


A dispute between American Indians and rock climbers over the appropriate use of Devils Tower National Monument in northeast Wyoming reflects fundamental differences in culture and world view. The United States Department of the Interior (USDI) National Park Service's (NPS) attempt to resolve this dispute with a voluntary ban on climbing during the month of June in deference to American Indian cultural and religious practices, and subsequent court rulings upholding the NPS policy, illustrate a widening circle of respect for, and accommodation of, divergent interpretations of humankind's relationship with the natural world.


The cooking fumes produced by the restaurants have seriously polluted the urban atmosphere and seriously disrupted the daily life of the surrounding residents. Through the field investigation, the paper analyzes the present situation, the specific reasons and the harm of the cooking fumes produced by the restaurant in Qingdao, and puts forward the relevant countermeasures and suggestions to arouse people's attention to take measures to improve the atmosphere environment and build a beautiful home.


We propose a Bayesian method of probability forecasting for recurrent earthquakes of inland active faults in Japan. Renewal processes with the Brownian Passage Time (BPT) distribution are applied for over a half of active faults in Japan by the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion (HERP) of Japan. Long-term forecast with the BPT distribution needs two parameters; the mean and coefficient of variation (COV) for recurrence intervals. The HERP applies a common COV parameter for all of these faults because most of them have very few specified paleoseismic events, which is not enough to estimate reliable COV values for respective faults. However, different COV estimates are proposed for the same paleoseismic catalog by some related works. It can make critical difference in forecast to apply different COV estimates and so COV should be carefully selected for individual faults.


Human-computer interaction interface design not only improves the efficiency of information interaction,but also brings user physical and mental pleasure. In the development of remote mechani-cal design service system,besides what the system must possess is implemented,an operation interface which is accords with principle of human-computer information interaction is designed for system. According to the functional requirements of WEB based mechanical design service system,an ergonomics analysis is conducted on the system interface design,theoretical basis of that in the guidance of cognitive psychology has been discussed,some design principle and the design flow and the method of human-computer information interaction system interface design based on cognitive psychology is put forward. Then it is verified the feasibility and practicality of the principles and methods mentioned by giving an example of interface design of web based gear design service system.


Hemangiomas often occur in the head and neck region, and when they are removed surgically, postoperative functional deficit may appear.KTP laser is easily absorbed into the hemoglobin and makes it possible to perform photocoagulation for hemangiomas. We treated 8 patients of hemangiomas in the oral cavity, the pharynx and the larynx using KTP laser. Laser surgery could be easily performed in all cases without hemorrhage, and postoperative complication such as edema was not observed. Two cases demonstrated recurrence of tumor after operation, and were well controlled by repeated KTP laser surgery_??_KTP laser is a first choice for treatment of hemangiomas, because the surgery can be done easily in safe and repeatedly with good results.


One of the most interesting results from the NA49 energy scan program at the CERN SPS is an anomalous behaviour of the energy dependence of the 〈K〉/〈π+〉-ratio in central Pb+Pb reactions [1]. Also, results on the energy dependence of K−φ-, Λ-, Λ̄-, and Ω-production have been reported [2, 3, 8]. The question whether all strange particles exhibit rapid changes in their yield relative to pions and what is the physics origin of these observed changes [4, 5], is of particular interest. In order to complete the picture, a systematic study of the Ξ-production as function of beam energy and system size has been started. Figure 1 shows a preliminary result for the Ξand Ξ̄-yield at mid-rapidity for the beam energies 20A, 30A, 40A, 80A, and 158A GeV, compared to data at higher energies as measured by the STAR collaboration [6]. While the Ξ̄-yield is strongly rising in the SPS energy regime, the Ξ-yield does not exhibit a very pronounced energy dependence over the depicted range of beam energies. With increasing beam energy Ξ̄and Ξyields are getting closer as the the net-baryon density at mid-rapidity is approaching zero.


"The purposes of the study were as follows: 1. To determine to what extent six-man football was meeting the needs of the small high school. 2. to determine trends in regard to the organization, administration, and conduct of the game in Texas. 3. To compile information that would serve those schools which are now playing six-man football, and those which are considering the adoption of the game."-- leaf 2.


A hollow-core photonic band-gap fiber for optical fiber sensors is designed. According to the calculation, we get the parameters of the photonic band-gap fiber as d=0.94∗2.60μm, R=Λ=2.60μm for C<inf>2</inf>H<inf>2</inf>, and d=0.94∗2.41μm, R=Λ=2.41μm for CH<inf>4</inf>. Around the wavelength of λ<inf>C2H2</inf> = 1.53μm and λ<inf>CH4</inf> = 1.66 μm, 98% of the energy is propagated in the core, the fiber is suitable to be used to detect the gas such as CH<inf>4</inf> and C<inf>2</inf>H<inf>2</inf>.


bill traits, which, when combined with the measures of natural selection made in the wild, roughly predicted the net change in bill morphology seen in their data. More recently, the Grants have been investigating the genetic and genomic basis of variation in bill morphology and, perhaps the icing on the cake, have begun documenting the first stages of the origins of a new lineage of Darwin's finch. In Search of the Causes of Evolution brings together just a small fraction of the biologists who have felt the Grants' influence in their own work. Composed of four related parts, the book covers a breadth of subdisciplines within evolutionary biology: life's origins and macroevolution, the molecular mechanisms that underlie evolutionary change, patterns of behavioral and morphological evolution, and the action and adventure stories of evolutionary field ecology. The book necessarily leaves out large chunks of evolutionary thinking; the specific fields that fail to make the cut include population genetics (except for brief coverage in section four), the statistical measurement of selection, and adaptive landscape theory. But the book is not intended to provide a comprehensive survey of the discipline. Rather, each of the four sections gives the contributors an opportunity to explore the influence that the Grants have had on their research programs and to highlight some of the Grants' own favorite fields of inquiry. In Search of the Causes of Evolution will inspire biologists in the field, at the laboratory bench, and in the classroom. Many of the individual chapters are gems of evolutionary thought. High points include an exploration of classical ideas from novel perspectives, touching on the authors' work, but they often delve into the historical, the whimsical, or just thoughtful speculation. Like any edited volume, however, the book also suffers from a handful of weaker chapters that are comparatively lacking in novelty and insight. Fortunately, these sections are outnumbered by their more thoughtprovoking counterparts. to seek to explain biological diversity at multiple levels, both inside and outside the cell. The interdisciplinary approach advocated by these two masters of their craft is well represented by this celebration of their careers. I heartily recommend In Search of the Causes of Evolution as a worthwhile addition to every biologist's bookshelf. Some may prefer to pick and choose the chapters of greatest relevance to their own careers, but all will appreciate the insights gleaned from the Grants' perspective. The greats are often loath to retire. At the conclusion of the seminar, the Grants announced that they were off to the islands in just a few days. They were eager to see if the new finch lineage was still breeding. Therefore, although they have "formally" retired, their work continues, and thankfully we can look forward to more of their inspirational work in the future.


This paper presents a framework for segmentation and topological relationship reconstruction of building planar surfaces by using airborne LiDAR point clouds. The analysis of a planar surface structure is fundamental to almost any applications involving LiDAR data, especially building reconstruction. The proposed framework consists of two steps. Firstly, point clouds is segmented using an improved RANSAC (RANdom SAmple Consensus) algorithm with variant consensus set threshold. It is designed to solve under- or no- segmentation problem. It reduces consensus set threshold when the original RANSAC could not find valid planes, hence small planar surfaces would be extracted. Then, the topological relationship planar surface is constructed based on estimating connectedness of connecting point pairs between each pair of adjacent planar surfaces. The types of connectedness of planar surface are divided into three categories and a statistical method is used to estimate the connectedness type. The reconstructed topological relationship is described by an adjacent graph and can be utilized in the building modeling. Experiments show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework.


Servants of the people, abbreviated to SPs, are all those who hold office in politics and government. The people grant them power under the condition that they serve with integrity. But how do you do that? This book offers the necessary concepts, insights and guidelines. Each of the 95 chapters discusses one of the many facets of integrity, with plenty of positive and negative examples involving different kinds of SPs from different countries. The central message is that integrity has great power over SPs: it can make or break their careers. Muel Kaptein is a professor of ethics and integrity and a partner at KPMG.


Three species ofBactris are recognized in the Greater Antilles:B. cubensis (from Cuba),B. plumeriana (from Hispaniola), andB. jamaicana (from Jamaica). A cladistic analysis of the non-ocreate clade—i.e.,Bactris cubensis, B. plumeriana, B. jamaicana, B. macana, andB. gasipaes—confirmed that the Greater Antillean species ofBactris form a monophyletic group, i.e., the Antillean clade. Synapomorphies supporting the Antillean clade are mesocarp and endocarp fibers numerous, parallel, predominantly narrow, few broad, extending the entire length of the endocarp; and leaf segments 45–80 per side of rachis. The presence of fiber-sclereids in the leaf lamina, and petals of the staminate flowers ovate to ovatetrullate, with sparsely branched fibers, may represent additional synapomorphies.Bactris plumeriana andB. jamaicana are hypothesized to be sister species, a grouping weakly supported by their short anthers. Each species has at least one autapomorphy; therefore, all are considered to be a cladospecies. Noteworthy interpopulational variation occurs withinBactris plumeriana andB. cubensis.