Purpose  – To identify the theoretical frameworks and the mains topics that support the concept of digital capabilities. Theoretical framework – T his study is the result of a bibliometric analysis. The main research topics that structure this research are: Digital Transformation and Digital Capabilities . Design/methodology/approach  – The scientometry design has been utilised through VOSviewer software, resulting in a bibliometric analysis of 741 papers from journals in the area of business, economics and social sciences. Papers were collected in the Scopus database. Findings  – The results reveal that the main theoretical frameworks are connected with the resource-based view, dynamic capabilities and strategy in digital transformation. The topics that support the concepts of digital capabilities are: digital transformation, industry 4.0, innovation, electronic commerce and innovation in business models. Research, Practical & Social implications – The implications are the indication of theories, concepts and recommendations for the advancement of research on digital capabilities from other existing works. Such recommendations address research gaps identified through systematic and objective analysis. The results make it possible to propose future research perspectives. Empirically, this study helps managers to find the main research topics in the field of research regarding digital capabilities. Moreover, it allows them to understand how the use of these strategies concerning digital transformation can generate sustainable competitive advantage. Originality/value  – This study contributes with the indication of theories, concepts and recommendations for the advancement of research regarding digital capabilities. The consolidation of the topic that is still expanding contributes to the advancement of the theory.


Species insulating terminal assembly, comprising: an insulating sleeve having an inlet end and an outlet end opposite the inlet end, with an insulating liquid filled in the internal space of the insulation sleeve; an annular plate mounted in the bushing inlet end; and a composite tail pipe. Composite tail pipe comprising: an insulating tube is connected, mounted on the annular plate; and a shield tail pipe, the connection pipe in communication with the insulated cable through the cable connector and the insulation shield tail pipe connected from the pipe insulation sleeve the inlet end of the tube into said interior space of the insulating sleeve. Into the tail pipe shielded cable shield electrically insulating sleeve, and the insulating connection pipe and the annular shield tail pipe made of a base metal material is electrically isolated. Thus, the composite outer tube has the effect of supporting insulators can reduce the size of the annular base plate for mounting the composite tail pipe insulation terminal assembly can be simplified, reducing the cost.


This paper is concerned with a dependence analysis of returns, return volatility and trading volume for five companies listed on the Vienna Stock Exchange. Taking into account the high frequency data for these companies, tests based on a comparison of Bernstein copula densities using the Hellinger distance were conducted. It is worth noting that these tests can be used in general settings since there is no restrietion on the dimension of the data. The parameter which must be set up for the testing procedure is a bandwidth. It is necessary for estimation of the nonparametric copula. The paper presents some patterns of causal relationships between stock returns, realized volatility and expected and unexpected trading volume. There is linear causality running from realized volatility to expected trading volume, and a lack of nonlinear dependence in the opposite direction. The authors detected strong linear and nonlinear causality from stock returns to expected trading volume. Therefore, a knowledge of past stock returns can improve forecasts of expected trading volume. They did not find causality running in the opposite direction.


Objective To identify the diagnosis and treatment of neoplastic needle tract seeding following radiofrequency ablation of primary hepatic carcinoma.Methode Analysis the clinic data of 400 cases(700 lesions) of primary hepatic carcinoma received radiofrequency ablation from 2001 to 2010 retrospectively.Result There are 4 cases(1%) of neoplastic needle tract seeding totally,all of them were identified by computed tomography or pathological examination.3 cases were subcutaneous neoplastic seeding,received local resection;recurrence in right hepatic lobe and right chest wall neoplastic seeding happened in 1 case,the patient received right hepatectomy combined local resection of right chest wall,the level of AFP decreased significantly.postoperative survive are 6 months,13months,4months and 4 months respectively.Conclusion Needle track seeding can happen after RFA of primary hepatic carcinoma,surgical excision with a wide margin seems to be the most justifiable option.


Computer simulation of blood vessel images is described to study the effects of technical factors on observers' performance in detecting small details in angiographic images. The blood vessel images generated by a computer are embedded in radiographic noise of a given screen-film combination which was digitized at high resolution. The final images, which appear on film, are organized to permit the estimation of Receiver Operating Characteristic curves for detecting vessels and their correct location.


PURPOSE:To provide a saw blade biting prevention device capable of preventing acceleration of a biting phenomenon by way of certainly continuing cutting work at the time when a saw blade biting state by a raw material is detected or when there is a fear of saw blade biting by the raw material. CONSTITUTION:At the time when a biting state of a saw blade 9 by a raw material W is detected when the raw material W is cut by the saw blade 9 or when the saw blade 9 reaches a previously set position where there is a fear of biting of the saw blade 9 by the raw material W, a saw blade drive device 21 is controlled so as to reduce drive speed of the saw blade 9 specifically.


Intolerance and radicalism that occur in the community proved to have entered the realm of the world of education, especially in schools and colleges. The role of educators in instilling values in students is important. So the rise of religious intolerance and radicalism in the world of education raises questions about the role of educators, especially religious teachers. This research tries to explain how the relationship between religiosity and multiculturalism in religion teachers in public schools. Research participants are religion teachers in state schools in Jakarta (N = 152, 83 boys and 69 girls).The sampling technique used was accidental, in the data retrieval stage.The level of religiosity of religious teachers was measured by the adaptation measuring instrument The Centrality Scale (CRS) which had a reliability value of 0.83 (Huber and Huber, 2012). While the multiculturalism attitude of religious teachers was measured by the adaptation measuring instrument Multicultural Efficacy Scale which has a reliability value of 0.87 (Guyton & Wesche, 2005). Research results show that religiosity has a significant and positive relationship with multiculturalism. This is seen from the correlation value of 0.319, which confirms that a high level of religiosity will result in a high attitude of multiculturalism, and vice versa.


Abstract : Carbon dioxide reacts readily with M2(M'(CO)5) (M = Li, Na, K, M' = W; M = K, M' = Cr, Mo, W) to give the corresponding group 6 hexacarbonyls (M(CO)6) and alkali metal carbonates. The reaction of Li2(W(CO)5) with excess 13CO2 at -78 C gives (W(CO)5(13CO)), confirming that the reaction involves reductive disproportionation of CO2 to CO and CO3(2-). The group 8 carbonylmetalates Na2(M(CO)4) (M = Fe, Ru, Os) react with CO2 to give (M(CO)5) and carbonate, and Na2(V(eta-C5H5)(CO)3) reacts with CO2 to give (V(eta-C5H5)(CO)4) and carbonate, indicating that reductive disproportionation is a general reaction of dianionic carbonylmetalates with CO2. Careful addition of one equivalent of CO2 to a solution of Li2(W(CO)5) at -78 C leads to an intermediate 1:1 adduct with an IR spectrum consistent with formulation as Li2(W(CO)5(eta 1-CO2)). The principal 13C absorption at 223.4 delta of a sample of Li2(W(CO)5(eta 1-13CO2)) prepared at -78 C exhibits Jw-c = 92 Hz, consistent with the central C being directly bonded to W and superscript 2 hybridized. Oxide scrambling from coordinated CO2 to coordinated CO at higher temperatures results in complex signals between 205 and 201 sigma assigned to the carbonyl ligands.


Digital video consists of a series of digital images called frames that are displayed in sequence. The whole process of video coding (compression and decompression) requires a codec (encoder-decoder). Encoder compresses data video while decoder decompresses video signal for the user to view. Video compression reduces the data to meet smaller storage requirements or lower transmission bandwidth requirements for clip video content. There are three approaches to perform video compression: intra-frame based, inter-frame based and block-based compression. In this study, inter-frame based compression was performed by applying the feature concept. The aim of this study was to compress frame video through its compressed features using adaptive fuzzy inference system (FIS). Simple features are statistically extracted from each video frame. The features of the two selected frames were used as adaptive FIS training input data. Furthermore, adaptive FIS was used to compress the features of each two adjacent frames into one compressed feature. This feature of compression result then used to generate one compressed frame. The results of this study show that the feature compression technique using adaptive FIS has been successfully used as an inter-frame based video compression. These results also show that the results of the compression ratio determined by the variation of the compressed features generated by the adaptive FIS.


The experiments of Thomson and others show that for longitudinal stress the manner of change of magnetization in nickel is opposite to that of iron. The same thing holds true for torsion as is shown by Wiedemann's experiment. But the combined effect of longitudinal and torsional stresses has not yet been investigated. I undertook a series of experiments in this line of research and found that the longitudinal stress produced a singular effect. For weak stresses, the change of magnetization came out just the reverse to that of iron, but where the load exceeds a certain limit, one end of the nickel wire acquires the two opposite kinds of magnetism during the torsion and detorsion notwithstanding the absolute constancy of the magnetizing force both in direction and magnitude. This critical value of the longitudinal stress seems to vary with the strength of the magnetizing force, becoming greater as the field is increased. The intensity of magnetization was measured by direct magnetometric method. The nickel wire 40cms. long and icm. thick was placed vertically due east of the magnetometer in a magnetizing solenoid. The upper end of the wire was fixed while its lower extremity was clamped to the twisting apparatus. A constant magnetizing current was made to pass


Introduction: ERCP is an effective and safe treatment option, and it is often the first choice for biliopancreatic diseases. Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar 2013;42(1):2-11 http://scielo.sld.cu 3 Objective: to show the main results of the first year of work using cholangiography for diagnosis and treatment of biliopancreatic diseases. Methods: aretrospective, descriptive study of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography performed over a 12 month-period. Description of variables related to the outcome. Results: this procedure was mainly indicated to study jaundice (39.8 %). Cannulation was achieved in 87.3 %. Lithiasis was found in 19.6 % of cases. Sphincterotomy and precut papillary were performed (51.9 %) (20.9 %) respectivelly. Stone extraction was achieved in 60.8 % of cases. Complications occurred in 4.06 %. The mortality rate was 1.26 %. Conclusions: the significance of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography biliopancreatic was confirmed when handling conditions, achieving good results.


Valve windings of converter transformer withstand pulsating voltages. In order to reveal the relationship between the properties of space charge and electrical-thermal aging of oil-paper insulation in converter transformer, this paper did the electrical-thermal aging test at 70 °C under 7.6kV pulsating DC voltage and obtained the samples of different aging time. The internal space charge injection and accumulation properties of aged samples under 20kV/mm and 30kV/mm DC electric field was measured and analyzed by the Pulsed Electro-Acoustic (PEA) method. The results showed that homo-charges injection still occurs at both electrodes in the electrical-thermal aging samples. Aged oil-paper insulation was dominated by negative charge injection as the stressing time increases, which directly cause hetero-charge accumulation in the vicinity of the anode, and homo-charge accumulation near the cathode. It could help explain the reason of the electrical-thermal aging lifetime of oil-paper in sulation is obviously shorter than the electrical or thermal aging. In addition, the longer the aging time, the more the total charge accumulated in the samples.


This paper proposed a context-oriented system based on ELECTRA for solving a math word problem. The system contains two patterns for problem text matching and context graph matching, and the output is the equation groups. In the first step, we build a semantic text graph of the problem context. Then, the pattern based on word relationships is obtained from the problem text, and another pattern is obtained by matching the context to a mathematical equation. Our proposed system succeeded in solving textbook problems show that it has more than good potential.


The aluminum liquid dehydrogenation test was carried out by the self-made BaCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 3-α proton conductor electrochemical hydrogen pump.The dynamic procedure of the aluminum liquid dehydrogenation w as researched though fitting analysis of variation curve betw een hydrogen content w ith time.The dehydrogenation experiment results show ed that the hydrogen content(S) of the aluminum liquid decreased in the dehydrogenation process.The relation of dehydrogenation rate and hydrogen content in aluminum liquid w as obtained,and the results indicated the dehydrogenation rate v w as 0.001 16 mL /(100 g·min) w hen the hydrogen content w as more than 0.246 mL /100 g in the dehydrogenation process.When hydrogen content w as less than 0.246 mL /100 g,the dehydrogenation rate decreased w ith the decrease of the hydrogen content,w hich w as in the rage of 0.012 0S-0.002 2,w here the chemical reaction w as the rate determining step.Hydrogen pump dehydrogenation limit hydrogen content decreased w ith the increase of applied voltage,w hen the applied voltage w as more than 2.0 V,the aluminum liquid hydrogen content w as low er than 0.096 mL /100 g,w hich satisfied the requirement of high pure aluminum on hydrogen content.


Attentional deficits in patients with chronic pain are common and well studied. Yet, few studies have examined the effects of chronic pain on more complex cognitive abilities that rely on well‐functioning attentional systems. With the current study, we aimed to investigate whether the impact of chronic pain on attention affects creative ideation as measured with an adaptation of the alternate uses task (AUT).


distinction is to be made between convergent and discriminant validity. It is necessary to demonstrate not only that a measure covaries with certain other connotatively similar variables, but that its covariance with other connotatively dissimilar variables is limited. Campbell (1960) has suggested several possible additions to recommended validity indicators, all of which focus on the problem of discriminant validity, i.e., the demonstration that a test construct is not completely or even largely redundant with other better established or more parsimonious constructs. He has suggested, for example, that correlations with intelligence, social desirability and self-ratings should be reported since these variables are likely to be


Many aerial plant parts show diurnal patterns of water status, with a decrease in water content and water potential corresponding to the midday peak in evaporative demand (5, 7, 9, 10). Similar diurnal patterns might be expected in root tissues because the water potential in the root xylem should follow closely the xylem water potential of plant tops. The data reported here, obtained at the Auburn Rhizotron (13) where roots in soil may be observed through transparent panels while tops are exposed to field conditions, show that lateral roots do indeed undergo diurnal variations in diameter.


We present the design of cantilever couplers for fiber-to-chip coupling between standard cleaved single mode optical fiber and lithium niobate on insulator rib waveguides. Modeling shows broadband coupling loss below 0.5 dB at infrared wavelengths.


Nature-based solutions are positive responses to societal challenges, and can have the potential to simultaneously meet environmental, social and economic objectives. The EU research project Nature4Cities aims to deliver an online platform where all stakeholders, such as citizens, urban planners, experts and policymakers are encouraged to discover, discuss and rank nature-based solutions.


A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is investigated at 2.45-GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band for high-data-rate implantable devices. The proposed MIMO antenna consists of four triangle patches. Due to adopting slots and shorting pins, the size is diminished with the dimensions of $9.62\times 9.62\times 0.765\ \text{mm}^{3}$. A high isolation (> 38.5 dB) between MIMO elements is achieved by employing the neutralization line and the defected ground. The simulated impedance bandwidth with $\vert \mathrm{S}_{11}\vert$ less than −10 dB is 14.69% (2.28-2.64 GHz). The MIMO channel parameters, such as envelope correlation coefficient, diversity gain, and channel capacity, are calculated, indicating that the proposed antenna is capable for high-data-rate biomedical applications.


. Durante et al. (2007) introduced a class of bivariate copulas depending on two generators which generalizes some known families such as the Archimedean copulas. In this paper we provide some result on properties of this family when the generators are certain univariate survival functions. MSC 2010: 62H20, 60E15.


In the 1980s, the major challenge in the recycled fibre market was to improve the quality of deinked pulp at realistic economic costs. To meet this challenge, Bridgewater developed a two-loop deinking concept that improved the quality of deinked pulp and enabled the mill to produce high quality newsprint from 100% deinked pulp. The two-loop deinking system is now the industry standard. In the 2000s, the challenges to the industry are different. Now one of the major challenges is the continuous reduction of operational costs. Bridgewater Paper has not benefited from any major grants and hence operational costs are more critical than at some other mills. This paper describes the cost savings programme for the screening systems in Bridgewater 's three deinking lines and three paper machines. To meet the cost savings challenge, Bridgewater carried out a fundamental operational review that has led to a radical new strategy. This strategy has grown from an in-depth analysis of how the mill and suppliers work together a new definition of the role of the supplier, and the development of new working practices for both. In essence, it is the development of a true partnership between the mill and the supplier.


The World Bank and leading donors have emphasized the importance of evidence-based policy making in addressing entrenched poverty. Adoption of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers has also required establishing and updating poverty baselines, typically through Living Standards Measurement Surveys. Although the conceptual basis of these surveys has been questioned, little attention has been paid to whether frequent revisions to the longitudinal record have undermined their value. This article argues that changes to the poverty record have been sufficiently frequent and often sufficiently large to compromise the creation of a sound longitudinal poverty record. The lack of transparency also weakens national debate and ownership and undermines the construction of evidence-based policy.


This study was supported by the CEFV (Center for Environmentally
Friendly Vehicle) of Eco-STAR project from MOE (Ministry of Environment,
Republic of Korea). Special thanks are also indebted to Dr. Q.
S. Khan who gave a hand in the preparation of this experiment.


This thesis concerns the complexity analysis of certain matching problems. The description of each of these matching problems consists of a group of agents, and, for each agent, a preference list over the agents with whom the agent can be matched. A solution to the problem is a matching that has the property that no pair of agents that are eligible for each other, prefer each other to their assigned mates. A matching that satisfies this property is called a stable matching.
The variants of this problem that will be dealt with are: (1) The marriage problem: matching of men and women into couples; (2) The roommate problem: matching of students into rooms of two occupants; (3) The intern assignment problem: the assignment of interns to hospital positions; (4) The intern assignment problem with couples: same problem as (3) except that some of the interns are married couples.
These matching problems can be defined to allow or disallow ties in the preference lists. When ties are allowed, stability is defined as the absence of an unmatched pair that strictly prefer each other to their assigned mates.
This thesis will show that the option of allowing ties in the preference lists can significantly affect the computational complexity of the problems. It will be shown that, when ties are allowed, the roommate problem and the intern assignment problem with couples are NP-complete. In contrast, the roommate problem without ties, is solvable in polynomial time. The computational complexity of the intern-hospital assignment problem with couples is unresolved. A variant of the marriage problem that allows ties will be shown to be logspace P-complete. Finally, the intern-hospital assignment problem with couples, but without ties, will be shown to be logspace P-hard.


This paper reports on an experimental study on the ploughing or orthogonal cutting in sand. Plane strain cutting or ploughing experiments were carried out on model Ottawa sand while being imaged at high resolution. The images obtained were further processed using image analysis and the evolution of the velocity and deformation fields were obtained from these analysis. The deformation fields show the presence of a clear shear zone in which the sand accrues deformation. A net change in the direction of the velocity of the sand is also clearly visible. The effective depth of cut of the sand also increases with continuous cutting as the sand reposes on itself. This deformation mechanics at the incipient stages of cutting is similar to that observed in metal cutting.


A longitudinal study generally yields multiple or repeated measurements on each subject. For example, HIV patients may be followed over time and monthly measures such as CD4 counts or viral load are collected to characterize immune status and disease burden respectively. Such repeated measures data are correlated within subjects and thus require special statistical techniques for valid analysis and inference. In longitudinal studies we take repeated measurements of the same individual over a time span to encompass a detectable change in their disease/developmental status. In longitudinal studies the measurements might be the blood pressure, cholesterol level, lung volume, serum glucose and milk yield or body weight over time. Multiple measurements are obtained from each individual at different times and possibly under changing experimental conditions. The longitudinal studies are particularly popular in veterinary and animal sciences where investigators are interested in identifying the influence of treatments on disease behavior, heat tolerance, drug development and wound recovery over time. A distinction is sometimes made between longitudinal studies, where animals are followed for extended periods, and repeated measures designs, in which measurements are collected over a relatively short time period frequently under experimental conditions. A key strength of a longitudinal study is the ability to measure change in outcomes and/or exposure at the individual/animal level.


A design for time - frequency transmission via Optical Fiber TV channel, a delay determination on closed - loop Optical Fiber TV channel and a new method of Two - way time Transmission using Expand - frequency Subcarrier Multiples System are described in this paper.


Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is developing technologies for low-cost modular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems to accelerate the development of such systems for stationary, mobile and military applications. This work is being pursued with funding from several U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) programs, including the Solid State Energy Conversion (SECA) Core Technology Program, the Advanced Research and Technology Development (AR&TD) Program, and a Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) with Delphi Automotive Systems. Experimental and modeling studies are being conducted on a number of important challenges, including low-cost materials and fabrication processes, seal and interconnect stability, cell and stack designs, rapid system startup, thermal cyclability, and long lifetime. This paper summarizes the progress made in these investigations.


The transport of injected impurities is investigated in the multiple helicity (MH) and improved confinement quasi single helicity (QSH) magnetic regimes of RFX-mod reversed-field pinch. Impurities are introduced through injections of room temperature pellets of carbon (in MH and QSH) and lithium (in MH). Simulation of experimental spectroscopic measurements, including line and soft x-rays emission, electron density and radiated power is carried out with a 1D collisional-radiative impurity transport code, allowing to determine the transport parameters: diffusion coefficient and convective velocity. The transport coefficients were found close to those deduced in previous experiments through the introduction of Ni and Ne, confirming the existence of an external velocity barrier also for light impurities.


The total skin irradiation (TSI) is one of the most efficient techniques in the treatment administered with curative intent of the cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (mycosis fungoides). The cure may be obtained in 10% to 40% of the cases [13]. To irradiate all skin in an appropriate time of the machine, in most times, are used large electron fields with treatment distances about 3 meters. The original Stanford University technique [4], created in 1960, in which they irradiated the patient in all longitudinal extension, was applied in a 4.8 MeV linear accelerator, that provided 2.5 MeV electrons in the patient, by the use of 4 couple beams with the patient placed in front of the beam, 3 meters distant from the accelerator. In this work we describe a 4 MeV electron beam treatment method based on Stanford technique, where we used a Varian linear accelerator CLINAC 2100. We intend to improve the uniformity of the dose and to reduce the treatment time to the patient and also to reduce the problems with the overlapping treatment fields that occurs in conventional treatment that uses 1 meter of focus-skin distance. For this method the patient is placed on a rotative base and he assumes successively 6 positions: stand up and perpendicular to the beam, distant 2.83 meters from the source, with 60 degrees of interval between the rotations. In each position, the patient is irradiated by a couple of beams (the beam angulation is 19.5 degrees above the transversal axis in the middle of the patient and 19.5 degrees below it), figure 1a. A rotatory base makes easier the rotation of the patient, figure 1b.


The province of Sistan and Balochistan shares a border of more than 1100 kilometers with Pakistan and Afghanistan. The Baloch living in Sistan and Balochistan (Iranian Balochistan) and Pakistani Balochistan have similar customs and traditions. Several factors account for interaction between the two populations. Socio-cultural and economic factors are the major source of interactions.Trade is the economic foundation of the border region. So, because of the vast boundaries, across the border, illegal trade is common among settlers of both sides.The study takes culture and modernity as the process of product and aims to provide a deeper insight and develop a better understanding of the influence of culture on modernity and globalization in general and its cultural tradition in Balochistan, particularly Iranian Balochistan.This paper is an attempt to examine the socio-economic and cultural inter-relations of Iranian and Pakistani Balochistan in the globalization era.


Disclosed are a method and system for genotyping a predetermined region in a nucleic acid sample. The method for genotyping the predetermined region in the nucleic acid sample comprises the following steps: using a primer set to amplify the nucleic acid sample to acquire an amplified product, where the primer set is specific to the predetermined region; building a sequencing library with respect to the amplified product; sequencing the sequencing library to acquire a sequencing result constituted by multiple pieces of sequencing data; determining the sequencing data from the predetermined region; and genotyping the predetermined region on the basis of the composition of the sequencing data from the predetermined region.


The article considers computer simulation of tensile tests of a rectangular cross-section rod with zones formed during heat treatment by a moving highly concentrated heat source, the characteristics of which differ from the properties of the base material. Based on the results of finite element modeling, the stress-strain state of a rod with one or more zones of altered structure along its entire length and on part of the length is investigated. The stress concentration coefficients in the vicinity of the treatment zones are determined.


The Swedish SMATT-study (Self-Management After Thoracic Transplantation). Introduction The rationale behind this study is to ascertain the extent to which LuTRs recover after transplantation and whether factors such as symptom distress are related to the state of post-transplant recovery. The aim was to explore symptom prevalence and distress, as well as the degree of recovery and well-being one to five years after adult lung transplantation. To the best of our knowledge, this multicenter, cross-sectional nationwide study is the first of its kind to explore LuTRs' degree of recovery. Methods This cross-sectional study is part of the Swedish national multicenter study; Self-Management After Thoracic Transplantation (SMATT). 117 lung recipients due for follow-up at 1 year (n=35), 2 years (n=28), 3 years (n=23), 4 years (n=20), and 5 years (n=11) were included. Three different instruments were utilized; The Post-Operative Recovery Profile (PRP), the Organ Transplant Symptom and Well-Being Instrument (OTSWI), and the Psychological General Well-Being Instrument (PGWBI). Results and Discussion In a total 5.7 % (n=5) were fully recovered and 17.2 % (n= 15) were almost fully recovered 1-5 years after transplantation. The recipients who were partly recovered and slightly recovered constituted 46 % (n=40) and 3.4 % (n=3) respectively. In total, 27.6 % (n=24) were not recovered at all. The lowest transplant specific well-being was reported four years after transplantation, median 22 (p25=11; p75=32). There were no differences between male and female recipients in overall transplant specific well-being. There was a strong correlation between OTSWI-sum score and recovery one to five years after transplantation (rs=.741). Also there was a strong relationship between recovery and psychological well-being after 1-5 years (rs-.720) with the strongest correlation after four years (rs -.806). Together, the OTSWI-sum and PGWB-sum explained 54.4 % of the variance in recovery after controlling for age and sex (R square change=.544, F change (2, 81) =49.79, p<.001) with the OTSWI-sum recording a higher beta value (beta=.45, p<.001) than the PGWB-sum (beta=-.34, p=.006). Thus, few patients do recovery fully after LuTx and transplant specific wellbeing together with mental wellbeing are possible predictors of recovery. This raises questions as to whether it is reasonable to expect full recovery in terms of being symptom free, how recovery after transplantation should be defined, and what kind of self-management support the recipients require. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate the recipients' often very complicated recovery process characterized by the prevalence of many symptoms and setbacks, where healthcare professionals' support to ensure well-being and health is a key component. The low degree of recovery is related to poor psychological well-being and high symptom distress might be a marker of an increased need for self-management support.


High serum triglyceride (TG) levels may lower bone fracture risk, but the association between serum TG and bone resorption activity is unclear. The aim of the present study was to analyze this association using casual serum TG levels in patients with and without accelerated bone resorption. A case-control study was performed in 39 patients with accelerated bone resorption and in 69 controls, treated between April 2011 and March 2016 at the Internal Medicine Clinic. Bone resorption activity was assessed by urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen (uNTx ; a marker of bone resorption), which is routinely measured at the Internal Medicine Clinic. Cases were female outpatients aged ≥ 40 years in whom uNTx levels were ≥ 54.3 nmol bone collagen equivalent (BCE)/ mmol creatinine. Subjects with casual serum TG levels > 150 mg / dl were diagnosed with potential hypertriglyceridemia (PHTG). Propensity score-adjusted multinomial logistic regression was performed to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% con dence intervals (CIs) for PHTG in cases compared with controls. Correlations between uNTX and casual serum TG levels in all patients were evaluated using multivariate regression. The prevalence of PHTG was signi cantly lower in cases than in controls (OR 0.20 ; 95% CI 0.05-0.65 ; P= 0.006). uNTx levels were negatively associated with casual serum TG levels in all patients (r=-0.07, P= 0.046). These results suggest that serum TG levels are negatively associated with bone resorption activity. Reduced bone resorption activity may explain, in part, the reduced fracture risk in Japanese middle-aged and elderly female patients with hypertriglyceridemia.


The formation and development of ideological political morality among university students is a dialectical process,depending on exterior restriction and interior transformation.Excellent literatures sharpen interior thought contradication among university students and change social morality into their own consciousness.


Nurses and other professional caregivers are increasingly recognising the issue of moral distress and the deleterious effect it may have on professional work life, staff recruitment and staff retention. Although the nursing literature has begun to address the issue of moral distress and how to respond to it, much of this literature has typically focused on high acuity areas, such as intensive care nursing. However, with an ageing population and increasing demand for resources and services to meet the needs of older people, it is likely that nurses in long‐term care are going to be increasingly affected by moral distress in their work. This paper briefly reviews the literature pertaining to the concept of moral distress, explores the causes and effects of moral distress within the nursing profession and argues that many nurses and other healthcare professionals working with older persons may need to become increasingly proactive to safeguard against the possibility of moral distress.


Laser induced cavitation bubbles in water results from either dielectric breakdown or the fast evaporation due to radiation absorption. The bubbles expand, reach a maximum radius and then supersonically collapse producing a by shock wave. So far, laser induced cavitation has been observed by using short pulsed (femto to nanosecond) lasers. In this report, we observe laser induced cavitation bubbles by using relatively low power (200 mW) cw light sources. A beam from a cw Nd:YAG laser (λ=1.064 μm) is tightly focused on saturated solution of copper nitrate salt. The large absorption coefficient at the illumination wavelength produces large thermal gradients and high peak temperatures leading to the formation of cavitation bubbles near the solution-glass interface. The collapse of the bubbles is so violent that they can be listened without any special device. Cavitation appears at quite regular time escales. The frequency of bubble formation depends on the laser intensity reaching frequencies as high as 4 KHz. We present detailed experimental results on the bubble formation using a phase contrast, light scattering and hydrophones.


The article in question deals with the notions of the phraseological units (PhU), phraseological and semantic paradigm Attention is being focused upon the concept of business subject. The authors of this paper have elaborated the classification of the relevant topic using semantic, structural, functional and pragmatic criteria. The valid conclusions are presented herein. PhU under analysis have much in common in terms of convergence. Their divergence is objectivized by certain extralinguistic factors. Business subject PhU are considered on the vector of imaginary motivation. Topical PhU are polyaspected and polymodal for they fulfill nominative identifying functional, pragmatic, expressive and valuative functions. Some of PhU are of borrowed nature due to international cooperation with people speaking English. The scientific validity of this paper consists in its novelty and the efforts to typologically identify the notion of business subjects in the Slavonic languages (Russian and Polish).


The idea for this research grew from our Anglo-Czech alliance established in 1994. Various major projects funded by the European Union, the British Council and other bodies have strengthened the understanding and friendship between English and Czech colleagues in the MirandaNet Fellowship (mirandanet.ac.uk) that is a professional community of practice in education innovation with 1,200 members. In this paper we will present the results of our research into the future conducted in MirandaNet context. Our aim is to tell the story of the impact of digital technologies on learning and life and about how MirandaNet Fellows see digital technologies having an impact on our future. We created a questionnaire that we distributed in the UK and the Czech Republic. About half of the participants are teachers, one quarter are students and the others are people who are not in the education system any more. Everyone answered the same questions, but from different perspectives because we wanted to compare the experience of technology in different generations – our participants range from 11 years old to 94. Here we present evaluation of a first respondents indicating that the sophistication of digital users across the generations is growing.


We study a random walk on a point process given by an ordered array of points $(\omega_k, \, k \in \mathbb{Z})$ on the real line. The distances $\omega_{k+1} - \omega_k$ are i.i.d. random variables in the domain of attraction of a $\beta$-stable law, with $\beta \in (0,1) \cup (1,2)$. The random walk has i.i.d. jumps such that the transition probabilities between $\omega_k$ and $\omega_\ell$ depend on $\ell-k$ and are given by the distribution of a $\mathbb{Z}$-valued random variable in the domain of attraction of an $\alpha$-stable law, with $\alpha \in (0,1) \cup (1,2)$. Since the defining variables, for both the random walk and the point process, are heavy-tailed, we speak of a Levy flight on a Levy random medium. For all combinations of the parameters $\alpha$ and $\beta$, we prove the annealed functional limit theorem for the suitably rescaled process, relative to the optimal Skorokhod topology in each case. When the limit process is not cadlag, we prove convergence of the finite-dimensional distributions. When the limit process is deterministic, we also prove a limit theorem for the fluctuations, again relative to the optimal Skorokhod topology.


The leading logarithmic correction to the difference of the Lamb shifts of the 1s{sub 1/2} and 2s{sub 1/2} levels is found. The difference {Delta}E{sub L}(1s{sub 1/2}) {minus} 8{Delta}E{sub L}(2s{sub 1/2}) for the hydrogen atom is found to be {minus}187.236(11) MHz. 13 refs., 2 figs.


A 69 years old female had bean clinically CDnsldered as cardiac insufficiency, but autopsy findings revealed angiosarcoma of the heart situated in the right atrial wall. Light and electron microscopic findings of this case were reported, and histopathological and statistical studies were made on 46 cases of angiosarcoma of the heart.


In industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fields located in North Fork Valley, Delta County, Colorado, U.S.A., plants bearing symptoms of stunted growth and yellowing leaves were observed in each growing season between 2015 and 2019. Infected plants display initially fading leaf color to pale green, starting at the leaf base and expanding toward the tips, producing a yellow-green mosaic pattern. Within 10 days, the symptoms spread to the entire plant. In plants with advanced symptoms, newly developing leaves were pale green, narrower, and curled sideways, leading to a stunted, curled plant. Infection was observed in several different hemp cultivars at different developmental stages, from the vegetative to the flowering stages. To identify the infectious agent, leaves were collected from one symptomatic hemp plant and one nonsymptomatic hemp plant on 30 July 2018 and blotted onto FTA cards (Ndunguru et al. 2005). Nucleic acids extracted from FTA cards and subjected to ribosomal RNA depletion served for library construction as previously described (Luria et al. 2019) using a ScriptSeq Complete Kit (Plant Leaf, Illumina, San Diego, CA) and were sequenced using an Illumina Hiseq 2500 at the Technion Genome Center, Israel. The obtained clean reads were searched for viral sequences using VirusDetect software version 1.7. VirusDetect software involved a pipeline combining de novo assembly with mapping to references of plant viruses from GenBank using Velvet (Zerbino and Birney 2008). This analysis revealed 31 contigs, which aligned to the entire 2,931 nucleotides of beet curly top virus (BCTV, Geminiviridae family, Curtovirus genus), sharing 96.5 and 96.4% identity with the genome sequence of isolates AY134867 and KX867020 detected in Beta vulgaris in 2002 and 2006, respectively. In order to validate the next-generation sequencing findings, the nucleic acids were used as a template for PCR analysis using several specific primer pairs designed to cover most of the BCTV genome. A selected primer set was used for diagnostics: Forward-337-5′…ATGGGACCTTTCAGAGTGGA…3′; Reverse-1,278-5′…TGTATGCCACATTGTTTGGC…3′. Seven symptomatic hemp plants and three nonsymptomatic plants were tested by PCR using the designed BCTV-specific primers. The PCR products were sequenced by Sanger method (HyLabs, Rehovot, Israel) and assembled, resulting in alignment with the majority of BCTV genomes. Importantly, sequences homologous to BCTV were present only in the leaves of the seven symptomatic hemp plants. The complete high-throughput sequencing-derived viral genome sequence was deposited in GenBank (accession no. MK803280) under the name BCTV-Can. There are several strains of BCTV that infect more than 300 plant species and many agricultural crops including beans, sugar beet, cucumber, peppers, spinach, and tomatoes (Strausbaugh et al. 2017). BCTV causes symptoms throughout the western United States, and sporadic outbreaks occur in western Colorado, where the symptomatic plants described here were located. The virus is solely transmissible by leafhopper vectors, and the only known vector of this pathogen in North America is Neoaliturus (= Circulifer) tenellus (Baker) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), known as the beet leafhopper (Bennett 1967). BCTV did not appear in the review of hemp diseases by McPartland et al. (2000), and to the best of our knowledge this is the first report of BCTV infecting hemp and the first report of any leafhopper-vectored pathogen affecting any C. sativa crop.


Earnings management was one of management's efforts to maximize value of the firm. Qualified IPO companies had good and strong characteristics. These companies would have lower level of earnings management. On the opposite, unqualified IPO companies would have higher level of earnings management. The delisting risk was going to be one of the consequences for those companies. This study used Jones model to measure earnings management. Firm characteristics, used as control variables, were proxied by price, share, price to book ratio, profitability and growth. There were 2 (two) hypothesis in this study. First, there was earnings management around IPO period. And the second, earnings management was a good predictor for IPO companies who have delisting risk. The first hypothesis was tested by one sample t-test. The result showed that there was earnings management around IPO period. Earnings management was stronger in the IPO period and weaker in the second period after IPO. It proved that earnings management was strong motivation in IPO process. The second hypothesis was tested by logistic regression analysis. This tool was used to predict delisting risk for IPO companies. The hypothesis was failed. It showed that though IPO companies managed earnings, the delisting risk was lower.


Certain organoleptic properties of some foods can be favourably influenced by using of some foaming agent. A lot of food additives were synthetized for this purpose. The aim of our investigations was to clear up the best conditions (heat treatment, pH value) under which the foaming properties of gelatin solutions could be advantageously improved. Heat treatment was carried out at different temperatures (50, 70°C). The pH values varied between 4.6 and 12.0. Heat treatment time applied were : 30, 60, 90 and 120 min. The best foam properties (foaming capacity, foam stability and foam quality) were shown by the samples containing 2.5% gelatin and adjusted to pH value 6.0 after heat treatment at 50°C. The conditions of the heat treatment influenced characteristically the foam properties


Early childhood caries (ECC) is a serious public health issue that has a severe impact on the oral health of infants and children. Early loss of primary anterior teeth due to trauma or caries can cause masticatory inefficiency, reduced esthetics, mispronunciation of labiodental sounds, and development of parafunctional habits such as tongue-thrusting and psychological problems. The restoration of severely decayed primary teeth is often a difficult procedure that presents a special challenge to pediatric dentists. This case report documents full mouth rehabilitation of severely mutilated teeth in a patient with ECC.


Developing environmental flow standards requires an empirical understanding of the relationship between species' ecology and instream flow. However, when congruent biological and hydrologic data are lacking, the accurate simulation of hydrologic metrics (HMs) corresponding to the locations of biological data is needed. Methods to predict HMs vary in formulation (i.e., statistical vs. process‐based hydrologic models), ability to simulate HMs across the full range of the hydrologic regime (i.e., magnitude, duration, frequency, rate of change and timing) and ability to transfer HMs from gaged to ungaged locations. Yet, despite the breadth of modelling approaches, less attention has been paid to the variability in HMs associated with each approach. In this study, we apply a distributed hydrologic model to the diverse watersheds of South Carolina to examine the predictability of HMs from simulated daily time series of streamflow across ecoregions, stream classifications and level of human alteration. In doing so, we contextualize the predictability of HMs, giving managers and researchers in South Carolina the flexibility of choosing HMs that are best suited for quantifying flow–ecology relationships based on the location, flow regime components of interest and uncertainty of HMs. We found that at least one HM within each of the five flow regime components (out of a selected subset of 41 non‐redundant HMs) was consistently and accurately predicted across the diverse streams of the study area. We discuss the patterns of predictability related to site characterizations and individual HMs and their implications for developing environmental flow standards.


The aim of this research is to analyze the social representations of autonomy shared among public school teachers, in order to identify the relationships they establish with information and communication technologies – how is the ICT in the teaching practice. There are several discussions around the concept of autonomy, which is defended as an educational principle that must be present in both teachers and students. It should exist in order to consolidate a democratic society where the human being is able to play the role of the protagonist who constructs society. Corresponding to that is the use of technologies: more and more present in the school daily routine, such use is seen as an opportunity to develop an autonomous individual. The specific structural approach of the theory of social representations was the main theoric-methodological reference in the present research, which also constituted itself from two empirical studies. The first study was designated to identify the content and the structure from the social representations of autonomy, and from the teaching autonomy shared among 421 teachers in Pernambuco state. The data was collected through tests of free association; they were analyzed with the help of softwares such as Trideux, Evoc and Content Analysis. The examination of the semantic field of the concepts "autonomy" and "teachers' autonomy" showed us that the content of those social representations is made by elements whose origins are moral, social, intellectual, affectionate and professional. Generally, teachers see autonomy as composed by: freedom, responsibility, independence, security, decision, capacity and leadership. In the social representation of teachers' autonomy (besides the previous elements), teachers also made evident the importance of professional-pedagogic aspects, connected to knowledge, planning and commitment. In this sense, teachers' autonomy is referring to two different moments: that one when planning is made (by choosing actions and contents that prioritize cognitive aspects); and another one that refers to mediation (the way teachers should behave in front of students and with classroom dynamics). In the second study, we tried to identify the relationships existing among representations of autonomy and the use of technologies in the classroom. In this study, we will focus on the practice of 12 teachers, with whom we made a analysis of the data (obtained through observations, quizzes and interviews – oriented by the results of the first study). We verified that a bigger presence of ICT in schools has started to build new educational scenarios. Teachers describe the changes occurring in students' and teachers' roles because of mobility, and also because of the possibility of interactions and access to content brought by technology. Teachers' practices (with the use of technology) reflect the elements that belong to social representations of autonomy they share. Among them, the strongest element was the freedom given to teachers to decide and to build knowledge – with the aim of orienting their posture in front of students.


The purpose was to identify distinct inflammatory markers in endometrial tissues of women with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and Chlamydia trachomatis infection.


Two mixed-valence CuII/CuI and two heterometallic CuII/AgI metallocycles have been synthesized by the assembly of designed metalloligands and CuI/AgI ions, respectively. The CuII/CuI metallocycle can catalyze the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes mediated by a co-catalyst, TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperdine-1-oxyl), with ambient air as an oxidant, while the CuII/AgI metallocycle has no catalytic effect.


ABSTRACT The energy consumption of data centers (DCs) is rising year by year, and cooling station accounts for more than 40% of the total DCs' energy consumption, which has a huge energy-saving potential. Building models for whole DCs' cooling station can help predict total power to improve the energy efficiency of the system, before this, establishing a single model for each component is a basic work. This paper mainly studies the chiller and cooling tower models and compares the predictive performance of the empirical model, hybrid model, and neural network model of chillers and cooling towers. Giving the model selection scheme of the chiller and cooling tower for the establishment of the whole system of the refrigeration station. For the chiller model, the Yoshida function model in empirical models has the highest accuracy with a mean square error of 0.0592, followed by the neural network model with a mean square error of 0.2, and the hybrid model has a lower accuracy than the former two models. For the cooling tower model, the empirical models and the neural network model have similar accuracy, and both are higher than the hybrid model.


Scientific studies on Photography are generally published in publications about Communications, Art and History. However, Journals in Documentation Science could be also, hypothetically, a source of information about subject, especially in regard to processing and analysis (conservation, cataloguing, digitalization and circulation). Libraries, archives, museums, foundations, institutes and companies possess important photographic collections that can be reused for a variety of purposes and applications. The aim of this article is to analyze the scientific production on Photography in the main Documentation Journals over the past twenty years (2000-2019), in order to obtain information on authorship, contents and specific subject matters. This research has allowed us to discover that very few studies have been conducted on this subject: 146 articles from 161 authors, belonging to 61 public and private institutions, which analyze contents focusing on sixteen general subjects. The most relevant conclusions are the need for a broader investigation on Photography from the documentary point of view, and for the publishers to pay greater attention to the descriptors or key words in the articles, in order to facilitating and improving the location of the information.


1 Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA 2 State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China 3 Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA 4 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA 5 Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., New York, NY 10065, USA * Correspondence to: Hui Wang, E-mail: email@example.com; David D. Ho, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Robert E. Schwartz, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Todd Evans, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Shuibing Chen, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com


In the process of studying physics, students find themselves constantly coping with mathematics owing to the close relationship between physics and mathematics. But there exists some difference between these two subjects. Students tend to perceive physical formula as pure mathematical functions without paying enough attention to their physical connotations or providing adequate description in physical language. We should prevent and rectify students' tendency to mathematicize physical problems.


Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is associated with a better prognosis in oropharynx squamous cell carcinomas. Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the oropharynx is a rare variant that can be associated with HPV infection, however little is known regarding clinical behavior and the impact of HPV infection on its prognosis. This study aims to evaluate clinical and pathologic features of oropharyngeal high-grade NEC and to investigate the prognostic value of HPV and smoking in this rare histological subtype. Methods: Patients with high-grade NEC from oropharynx were identified through electronic medical records queries from 1997 to 2020. A cohort of 27 patients with sufficient pathological and clinical data were included in the analysis. Neuroendocrine differentiation was confirmed by immunoreactivity for synaptophysin, chromogranin and/or CD56. P16 immunohistochemistry staining or HPV in situ hybridization or polymerase chain reaction were performed in all patients9 samples. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The log-rank test was used to assess difference in survival between groups. Results: Of 27 patients, 25 were male and 10 had a heavy smoking history (≥10-pack-years). P16 staining was positive in 24 (89%) samples and HPV was confirmed in 15 (62.5%). Most patients (22/27; 81.5%) presented with locoregional disease, 8 (35%) received induction chemotherapy, and 18 of 23 (78%) achieved a complete response after definitive therapy (surgery and/or radiation); among them, 7 (30%) recurred. Most recurrences were distant and common sites of metastasis was liver (56%), bone (56%) and lymph nodes (50%). In the palliative setting, 85% of patients received platinum-based chemotherapy and preferred combined agents were etoposide (6/14) and docetaxel (5/14). The overall response rate to first- and second-line systemic therapy were 50% and 0%, respectively. The median DFS for those patients who achieved a complete response to definitive therapy was 61.0 months (95% CI 13.0-NA) and 1- and 2-year DFS rates were 73.3% and 56.4%, respectively. The median OS was 28.8 months (95%CI 14.3-NA) for the overall population. Metastasis at diagnosis was associated with lower median survival (9.5 versus 62.0 months, p= 0.016). We have not found differences in median OS according to HPV status(positive 28.9 versus negative 28.8 months, p= 0.93) or smoking exposure (≥10pack/year 47.2 versus Citation Format: Luana Sousa, Felippe Lazar, Danice Torman, Kaiyi Li, Andrew Sikora, Amy Moreno, Ehab Hanna, Jack Phan, Bonnie Glisson, Diana Bell, Renata Ferrarotto. High-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the oropharynx: A rare entity with prognosis unaffected by HPV [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 770.


Based on the inference from updated data and on the spot investigation,we verify in this paper that Li Bais (701-762) poem To Drink" was written in the autumn of the 10th year of Tian Bao era (751 A.D.) of the Tang Dynasty(618-907),and it was written in the Stone Gate Mountain of Fangcheng county,Henan province.


The use of edible coatings can help reduce theundesired effects caused by the drying process of fruits and vegetables. In this study, the influence of two different edible coatings including basil and chitosan (0, 0.5 and 1%) on drying kinetic, color, texture and antioxidant activity of apple slices were evaluated at different temperatures (40, 50 and 60 ˚C) in hot air oven and vacuum drying. The results showed that the use of different coatings in both drying methods increased the drying time. Fitting of different mathematical models on the experimental data showed that the Midili model for basil coating and the approximation of diffusion model for chitosan coating are able to predict the moisture content more accurately than other models. With increasing coating concentration or decreasing drying temperature the lightness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness and antioxidant activity enhanced. But, the redness, yellowness, brownness, total color difference and hardness diminished. Generally, basil and chitosan coating pretreatment could be considered as an effective approach to improve the quality of the dried apple fruit in drying industry.


The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-associated protein (Cas) genome editing system (CRISPR-Cas) is revolutionizing agriculture. In this system, a guide sequence that matches to a particular genomic DNA is placed in front of a synthetic RNA that consists of a scaffold sequence necessary for Cas-binding to form a guide RNA (gRNA). gRNA/Cas complex binds to the target DNA that contains a protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) via base-paring and generates a double strand break (DSB) by Cas protein. Mutations will be created when the DSB cannot be perfectly repaired. Among kinds of Cas variants, Cas9 and Cas12a (also termed Cpf1) are the two major nucleases with highest edit efficiency. NGG (N=A, T, G or C) for SpCas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes, TTTN for Cpf1 from Acidaminococcus or Lachnospiraceae, is necessary for recruiting the nuclease to produce DSBs.


Raman spectra and images of a living L929 (NCTC) cell have been measured with 532 nm excitation. Both reduced and oxidized forms of cytochromes b and c (cyt b and cyt c) have been observed in situ without any pretreatment. The redox states of cyts b and c have been assessed quantitatively with a spectral analysis. It has been found that reduced cyt c is more abundant than oxidized cyt c, while oxidized cyt b is slightly more abundant than reduced cyt b in a living cell. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Idealism ideology,under the analytic framework of social pathology,is put forward. Social pathology focus on the function and development of social organism,especially the effect of pathological social psychology on social organism. Social organism consists of the mode of material production,the system of social institution,environment and population quality,social consciousness and social psychology. From this four directions,the paper is aims at analyzing economic foundation,politics foundation and cultural foundation which underpin idealism ideology. These foundations indeed are objective,but idealism ideology deeply roots in the weakness of human nature.Economy,politics and culture influence social psychology,thus affecting idealism ideology,which is the result of part pathological change of social organism.


OBJECTIVE
To determine level of acceptability, continuation and complication rate associated with postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device uptake.

Methods
The multicentre study was conducted from April 2012 to December 2020 in selected health facilities across Pakistan. After approval from the ethics review committee of the Pakistan Medical Association data was analysed retrospectively. This comprised women attending antenatal clinics and those who came in labour without prior registration. The subjects were counselled, and those who consented were given family planning services of their choice, particularly postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device. The subjects were followed up at 6 weeks and then again at 6 months. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.0.

RESULTS
Of the 3,523,404 women available, 525,819(15%) were counselled. Of them, 208,663(39.7%) were aged 25-29 years, 185,495(35.3%) had secondary education, 476,992(90.7%) were unemployed, and 261,590(49.74%) had 1-2 children. Of the total, 387,500(73.7%) consented to receive postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device, 149,833(38.7%) actually came for insertion. Those who did receive postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device were 146,318(97.65%), and, of them, 58,660(40%) were lost to follow-up. Acceptance and uptake of postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device was positively and significantly dependent on the professional level of counsellor and the place of counselling (p<0.01). Age, education, number of living children and gravida were significantly associated with device insertion status (p<0.01). Of the 87,658(60%) subjects followed up, those who came at 6 weeks were 30,727(35.05%) and device discontinuation rate was 3,409(11.09%). At 6 months, there were 56,931(64.94%) follow-ups and the discontinuation rate was 6,395(11.23%).

CONCLUSIONS
Counselling done by doctors in early labour positively influenced the postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device insertion rate.


Path planning methods have been increasingly utilized in autonomous driving. However, traditional path planning methods, such as Q learning, is not suitable for wheeled vehicles. In this paper, a Q-learning-Bezier method (QLB) is proposed to address the path-planning problem of four-wheeled Ackermann robot by combining Q learning with Bezier curve to produce smooth trajectories that can be passed by Ackermann robot. Meanwhile, two methods with different numbers of optional actions, QLB4a and QLB8a are compared and constructed separately. Experiments show that both proposed methods can generate paths that can reach the end point in a random maze environment. Simulation results show that the Ackermann chassis robot can complete the whole path successfully, which reflects the effectiveness of the algorithm in this paper.


A multi‐source listening environment was simulated under headphones by recording signals through KEMAR in a sound‐deadened room. Seven loudspeakers were each positioned in the frontal plane 5 ft from KEMAR at 30‐deg increments, ranging from +90 (right) to −90 (left). The recorded signals (IEEE Harvard sentences) were digitally mixed and played back under headphones in a sound‐proof booth using a Digital Audio Tape (DAT) player. Sound locazation accuracy was measured for ''target'' sentence in the presence of various ''jammers.'' Three variables were manipulated. First, the number of ''jammers'' was either none, one, two or three. Second, the relative location of the targets and jammers was varied, such that they were either in close proximity, widely separated, or some of each. Third, the jammer content comprised of either other sentences, speech‐shaped noise, babble or time‐reversed sentences. Normal‐hearing listeners were tested under binaural and monaural conditions. The content of the target sentence ...


Micronutrients, particularly Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn), play a vital role in the growth and development of plants due to their catalytic effect on many metabolic processes. However, the biochemical responses to the applied micronutrients vary with cultivars and their species. A screening experiment was conducted during 2020 to know the antioxidants enzyme activities and biochemical constituents in response to iron and zinc fertilization by six capsicum hybrids grown in grow bags under shade net conditions. The experiment consists of three treatments viz., Control (No Fe & Zn), 50 kg FeSO4 and 37.5 kg ZnSO4 ha-1 as a basal soil application with six capsicum hybrids viz., Indra, Priyanka, Inspiration, Massilia, Bachata, and Local green. Leaf samples of the capsicum hybrids were collected at Fruiting stage and analysed for antioxidant enzyme activities. The fruit samples were used for quantifying the biochemical constituents. The results revealed that, application of ferrous sulphate (FeSO4) and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) to capsicum hybrids increased the biochemical constituents in fruits and the antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves. Out of the six hybrids tested, Indra possessed higher ascorbic acid content (9.20 mg 100 g-1 fresh weight), acidity (6.0), and total soluble solids (6.10 Brix) in the fruits, which was followed by Inspiration and Bachata. The superoxide dismutase (6.70 unit's mg-1 protein) and peroxidase (6.90 unit's g-1 fresh weight) activities were also higher with the same genotypes. The biochemical constituents and antioxidant  enzyme  response to Zn addition was better than Fe.  There was 13.2, 10.9 and 9.5 per cent increase in titratable acidity, total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content in the fruits of Indra due to ZnSO4 application.The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering revealed that Indra is highly responsive to Zn and Fe fertilization, while the local green showed very less response. The rest of the genotypes such as Inspiration, Bachata, Massilia, and Priyanka, are medium responsive for Zn and Fe fertilization.


Typhoid fever is a serious systematic disease and difficult to diagnose using clinical signs, and symptoms. Laboratory tests like dipstick and widal are important to support the diagnosis. The objective of this study was to determine the sensitivity of widal and dipstick tests in diagnosing typhoid fever. One hundred twenty nine serum sample obtained from febrile patients suspected with typhoid fever were tested by dipstick and widal. The samples were collected from several puskesmas in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Results were evaluated and compared to the standard diagnostic procedures used by physicians in puskesmas. The study showed that the sensitivity and specificity of dipstick test were 96.7% and 85.5% respectively, whereas those of widal were 91.7% and 84.1% respectively. McNemar test, shown that there was no difference between widal and dipstick tests in diagnosing typhoid fever (p<0.05).


In this paper, we prove several enumeration results of pattern-avoiding Fishburn permutations that Egge (arXiv:2208.01484) proposed recently. Our results include enumerating Fishburn permutations avoiding 321 and one of the following three types of patterns: a classical pattern of size 4, two classical patterns of size 4, or a classical pattern of size 5.


This study explores the impact of customers' value co-creation behavior on their experiences with and loyalty to P2P accommodations. We propose a theoretical model integrating two lines of tourism research: customer value co-creation and customer experience. To extract the dimensions of customer experience and test the proposed model, 34 in-depth interviews were conducted along with a survey of Chinese Airbnb users. Structural equation modeling and mediation analysis were implemented to assess relationships involving customers' value co-creation behavior, experience, and loyalty. Results indicate that customer citizenship behavior directly influences loyalty. In particular, relationships involving customers' participation behavior and citizenship behavior with loyalty are both mediated by customer experience. Relevant implications and future research opportunities are discussed.


Building an Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) from scratch usually requires technological skills, expertise about the domain and tasks, and pedagogical knowledge. We propose a middleware which facilitates the construction of intelligently supported learning systems independently from the underlying (formalized) domain knowledge using typical re-usable components of ITSs, exchangeable plug-ins, and machine learning techniques running in Matlab. We proved our concept using a web-based programming environment as an example of an user interface component interacting with our ITS middleware.


Summary.  Whereas the research of the 19th‐century mathematician Augustus De Morgan in formal logic is fairly familiar to historians of mathematics, his work in probability is largely unknown to the modern reader. For this reason, few would be aware that this work contains a self‐admitted error in probabilistic reasoning. This mistake is intriguing not only because it features in the work of someone who was so expert in logic but also because it appears to be an early example of hypothesis testing, which was a topic of much controversy in the development of mathematical statistics in the 20th century. The paper examines the mathematical and historical details of De Morgan's error.


The human nasopharynx is colonized by commensal bacteria and pathobionts, which comprise a complex microbial ecosystem capable of generating primary and secondary immune responses. Experimental intranasal infection of human adults with the commensal Neisseria lactamica results in safe, sustained colonization. Herein is described a novel technology to chromosomally transform N. lactamica with heterologous antigen, for the purpose of safe delivery to the mucosal surface and the generation of an antigen-specific immune response. N. lactamica was transformed to express the meningococcal vaccine antigen Neisseria Adhesin A (NadA) and was inoculated intranasally into humans at a dose of 105 colony-forming units. NadA-expressing N. lactamica colonized these individuals and was carried asymptomatically for 3 months. Colonization with NadA-expressing N. lactamica generated NadA-specific IgG-secreting plasma cells within 14 days of colonization and both NadA-specific IgG and NadA-specific IgG memory B cells within 28 days of colonization. NadA-specific IgG memory B cells circulated in the bloodstream of colonized participants for at least 90 days. Genetically transformed N. lactamica has the potential to be a safe bacterial vehicle to generate beneficial immune responses to a wide range of heterologous antigens during sustained pharyngeal carriage.


A load-deflection analysis for a series of simple support beams tested at the university of Toronto is presented in the paper.The program used is based on the MCFT and secant stiffness formulation.Then comparison among test curves,caculated curves not including shear and caculated curves including shear was done.The results show that effect on the deflection can not be neglected of simple supported beam whose shear span ration is smaller than 5;and not the same for simple supported beam whose shear span ration is larger than 7.


Abstract A general method of constructing the discrete models for the Boltzmann equation is suggested. This method allows us to get the discrete models which approximate the Boltzmann equation in any bounded domain of the velocity space and preserve the main properties of this equation-the conservation laws and H-theorem. Three different types of discrete models, depending on the kind of the differential collision cross-section, are considered.


A method and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE determines a viewing distance between a display and a user, and determines a minimum resolution based on the viewing distance. In addition, the UE determines to reduce power consumption in the UE. Furthermore, the UE sets a resolution of graphics rendering or video decoding for display on the display to the minimum resolution upon determining to reduce the power consumption in the UE. The minimum resolution and a resolution greater than the minimum resolution may be indistinguishable to at least one eye of the user. The distance between the display and the user may be measured using a camera, an ultrasound sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, or a short-range distance sensor. The UE may apply at least one adjustment factor to enhance or degrade the minimum resolution.


Larvae of Epidalea (Bufo) viridis showing cannibalistic behaviour were observed in June 2006 in a pond from Oradea city, western Romania. This is the first record of such behaviour in the country and probably was induced by the scarcity of food and the high density of larvae present in the rapidly drying pond in which they occurred.


Cattle production based on natural pastures is often subject to flooding periods, which affect plant performance and as a result, forage production. Although most forage legumes are not tolerant to flooding, Lotus spp. are outstanding alternatives, since species, such as L. tenuis (Lt) and L. corniculatus (LcT), have high forage quality and are adaptable to different environments. We recently obtained a L. tenuis × L. corniculatus hybrid (LtxLc) with potential new cultivar traits, although its tolerance to flooding stress has not yet been evaluated. In the present study, the performance of LtxLc, its parental diploid accessions, the model legume L. japonicus and tetraploid LcT were evaluated under 55 days of partial submergence stress and a 35‐day recovery period. Physiological, morphological and anatomical traits were analysed, showing that tolerance to partial submergence was positively associated with aerenchyma and adventitious root formation and relative growth rates. Overall, Lt and LtxLc showed the best responses under stress and during the recovery period. Nevertheless, the higher forage value of LtxLc makes it recommendable for use in environments affected by flooding. Our results could be used as breeding criteria for the generation of new cultivars tolerant to partial submergence stress.


Slow Strain-rate technique provides a rapid and reliable method to determine stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of metals and alloys for a broad range of applications. Procedures are discussed for using the technique to (a) determine if an alloy is susceptible to SCC, (b) express SCC severity quantitatively, (c) rank alloys with respect to SCC susceptibility, and (d) evaluate the consequences of SCC susceptibility. Metallography or fractography is essential to confirm the presence or absence of SCC. Once SCC is confirmed, a number of parameters are available to express SCC severity quantitatively. Slow strain-rate technique is a conservative measure in that alloys exhibiting SCC in the test can be acceptable in service if stresses are controlled; however, no SCC in the test indicates no SCC in service under the conditions tested.


Membrane-based liquid desiccant dehumidification has attracted increasing interests with elimination of solution droplets carryover problem. A membrane-based hybrid liquid desiccant dehumidification cooling system is developed in this study, which has the ability to remove latent load by a liquid desiccant dehumidification unit and simultaneously to handle sensible load by an evaporative cooling unit. The hybrid system mainly consists of a dehumidifier, a regenerator and an evaporative cooler, calcium chloride is used as liquid desiccant in the system. This paper presents a performance evaluation study of the hybrid system based on experimental data. Series of tests have been conducted to clarify the influences of operating variables and conditions (i.e. desiccant solution concentration ratio, regeneration temperature, inlet air condition, etc.) on the system performance. The experimental results indicate that the system is viable for dehumidification cooling purpose, with which the supply air is provided at temperature of 20.4°C for the inlet air condition at temperature of 34°C and relative humidity of 73%. At desiccant solution concentration ratio of 36%, the thermal COPth of 0.70 and electrical COPel of 2.62 are achieved respectively under steady operating condition.


The primary photochemistry of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) was investigated by laser-induced optoacoustic spectroscopy. Excitation of light adapted BR by femtosecond flashes of 585 nm (<500 fs flash duration) produced the first intermediates of the BR photocycle, J and K without initiating any additional photochemistry, whereas excitation by 8-ns flashe at various wavelengths established photoequilibria between BR and K. The extent of K formation was determined optoacoustically from the heat stored after excitation


— Accurate liver segmentation and tumor detection on computerized tomography (CT) images is a crucial task in the cases where surrounding tissues have intensities similar to that of the liver and lesions reside at the liver edges. In this paper, an automated method to segment liver portion, followed by tumor area from abdominal CT image is proposed. For this, the CT images are pre-processed by median filter to remove noise from the image and liver is segmented using localized region based active contouring algorithm. Tumor is detected from segmented liver using seed region growing algorithm. Using Grey Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), the texture features of the tumor are extracted. Support Vector machine (SVM) is used to classify the tumor as either benign or malignant based on these texture features. The performances of liver segmentation and tumor detection are evaluated by using Segmentation Matching Factor (SMF), Dice coefficient (DICE COEFF), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). Experimental results show that the proposed method has a lower error in segmenting the liver and is able to detect and classify all tumors from the liver accurately


Assume that is a realization from a linear autoregressive process is a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with zero mean and possibly infinite variance. Two asymptotically normal estimators of ρ, namely are discussed in this article. is essentiallv the median of the ratios . Similarly is the median of . is shown to be highly efficient when {Zt } is Gaussian and even more efficient than the least square estimator for a wide class of non-Gaussian sequences {Zt }. Whilecomputationally much simpler is shown to be much less efficient than


In the present work, an experimental study was done to prepare Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene matrix composite reinforced by Nano-silica particles. The hot extrusion method was utilized here to fabricate the composite specimens used for flexural and compression tests. In order to identify the effect of SiO2 content and extrusion temperature, 12 experiments have been carried out and the obtained results were discussed according to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the sample cross section. In addition, crack propagation and barreling phenomenon were discussed by variation process factors. Obtained results revealed that addition of nano-SiO2 up to 3% would cause the improvement in both flexural and compression strengths while a further increase in reinforcement content causes reduction of composite strength. Furthermore, samples prepared at extrusion temperature of 210°C, have lower strength compared to those fabricated by 180°C temperature. Finally, it was found that increase in SiO2 content and decrease in extrusion temperature would increase the brittleness of composite.


The wide applications of polymer flooding cause the produced water to contain a lot of polyacrylamide.It the produced water is discharged into environment,the environment will be seriously polluted,and if it is reinjected into deformation again,it will lead fatal damage to oil reservoir.A strain of degrading bacteria of polyacrylamide,which could use polyacrylamide as carbon source and is named as PM-1,is screened from the waste water containing polyacrylamide.It is identified as the Bacillus sp.According to its physiological and biochemical characteristics.The experimental results show that the greatest degradation ratio of the polyacrylmide solution of 500 mg/L can reach to 38.4% during 5 days under the condition of 35 ℃ and pH value 7.5.


n early April, the Massachusetts Democratic State Committee conducted a presidential straw poll among the delegates to its off-year issues convention held in Springfield. That event provides a provocative setting to examine a continuing ethical dilemma facing the media. In general, journalists and news organizations have not seen coverage of national elections as posing serious ethical issues. Slogans such as "the public's right to know," "we just report the news," and "objectivity" are used to avoid confronting the pain of principled decision making and to preserve, as doctors tried to do in the early days of contention over medical ethics, paternalistic relationship with clients, be they viewers and readers or patients. No journalist would argue that all the public has a right to know everything, or that all the press reports is news, or that the press reports all the news. As for objectivity, I've always thought Walter Lippmann demolished that defense for all time in his seminal work, Public Opinion, written sixty years ago, although reporters and editors continue to drag out that chimera whenever pressed. Professionals in the media, like their counterparts in medicine, are reluctant to acknowledge that they are making decisions all the time about what information to convey and that too often those determinations are made not on the basis of a shared, reasoned ethical choice, but on the basis of crasser values such as


cervical test the national target 80%. for not attending embarrassment(37%), busy sched- ule(32%) and cultural differences(24%). the inter-vention, cervical smear tests more than 2-fold, an aver-Results: All 32 patients were consented as per RCS guidelines and un- derstood the reason for their surgery, but only 31% could explain the risks, and 56% could explain alternative options. Twenty (63%) consent forms were easily legible on randomised heuristic assessment. After education and change in department practice, understanding of the operation was much improved (80-100%). One outcome was to create pre-filled consent forms for common ENT operations. Conclusions: Whilst RCS policy on completing consent prior to admis-sion is being achieved, patient interviews suggest a lack of understand- ing of the operation. Standardised consent forms have the potential to enhance this understanding, as well as saving time. Results: A total of 15 participants responded to the baseline question- naire, 13 attended the workshop and a combined total of 572 viewed the four webinars. Mean confidence increase following the workshop was 113% (W ¼ 91.0, p < 0.001). Mean knowledge increase from the online webinars was 62.3% (t ¼ 4.67, p ¼ 0.009) and mean confidence in- crease was 66.67% (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Junior doctors did not feel confident in assessing and man- aging surgically unwell patients. Implementing blended learning tools, such as online webinars, allowed the delivery of effective surgical teaching en masse and to continue the practice of social distancing during a viral pandemic. curriculum and furthered in addressing perceived barriers to the global surgery workforce. To compare four tonometry techniques: Goldmann applana-Results:


This survey compares the maternal and child health situation in Surabaja City Java Island Indonesia in 1968 with Japanese statistics. 238 married and 153 unmarried women visiting 2 health centers were asked to give oral answers to a 20-item questionnaire. Ages at marriage had been from 9 to 25 with a mean of 18.2 (excluding 33 whose age at marriage was not known). In Japan in 1966 mean age of first marriage was 24.5. Average number of pregnancies had been between 4.5 and 5 with few natural abortions. Average age of mother at first delivery was between 18 and 19. Among mothers over 40 the average age at time of last delivery was 31.7 years. One woman last delivered at 48 years of age. The number of deliveries was approximately 3 times those in Japan. Average ages at menarche and menopause were 14.7 and 46.6 respectively not significantly different from Japan. More than half the deliveries were attended by a midwife; in Japan in 1967 76.9% were attended by a doctor and 97% were attended by either a nurse-midwife or doctor. Among 208 mothers 55 children had died. Among 126 mothers over age 30 there were 46 deaths of infants. Among 69 mothers under age 30 there were 10 deaths of children. The difference between the 2 groups is significant (p greater than .01). Among 194 mothers 32 had lost only 1 child 8 had lost 2 and 4 had lost 4 or more. Rate of newborn deaths had been about 14% infant deaths almost 40% and that of children over 1 year old about 40%. Causes of death were unknown in half the cases with 23% having had a high fever. Measles tetanus syphilis diseases of intestines food poisoning and difficult delivery were frequent causes. Present infant death rate in Japan is among the lowest of all countries 14.9 per 1000 live births. The Indonesian situation is improving among the younger generation and with public health improving further reduction is anticipated. Most Indonesian women nurse their babies. By 1 year almost all begin other feeding some by 9 months. Body weight of new-borns averaged 2900-3000 grm most within normal range. Prematurity and low weight was the first cause of neonatal death. In Indonesia prematurity rate is almost twice that of Japan. The age a child sits by its own is much earlier in Indonesia but the age at which it crawls is only a little earlier than Japan. Standing is earlier in Japan but walking is earlier in Indonesia. Speaking is later in Indonesia. It is considered that in earlier stages the Indonesian infants development is almost the same or more advanced that the Japanese but after a year somewhat behind. Health examinations are considered the most important problem to be overcome before maternal and child health can be improved.


In the Crossfire: Marcus Foster and the Troubled History of American School Reform John P. Spencer. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2012.When Oakland Public Schools superintendent Marcus Foster was assassinated by the Symbionese Liberation Army on Election Day 1973 because they incorrectly believed he was attempting to place police officers in schools, he left a legacy of achievement and success in urban education rarely equaled before or since. As a teacher, principal, and associate superintendent in Philadelphia and as the first African American superintendent of Oakland Public Schools, Foster forged alliances among disparate community interests and raised academic achievements in two of the most polarized and challenging urban educational environments in the country. With a new biography, In the Crossfire: Marcus Foster and the Troubled History of American School Reform, John P. Spencer chronicles Foster's professional career while simultaneously using his successes and struggles as a front-line educator to comment on the last half century of American educational reform. For Spencer, the issues Marcus Foster struggled with on a daily basis as an educator-issues which incorporated sociological, pedagogical, political, and economic concerns-are the same issues which have bedeviled recent school reform efforts. Foster's achievements, therefore, illuminate both the possibilities and limitations of present-day attempts at reforming public education.Spencer begins with an examination of Foster's own schooling, first in the Philadelphia public schools and then at Cheney State College where he was certified as a teacher, one of the few professions relatively accessible to working class African Americans in the de facto segregated schools of the mid-1940s. After a year teaching in rural Maryland, Foster landed a job near his old neighborhood in South Philadelphia, returning to the urban educational environment just in time to witness the effects post World War II racial liberalism was beginning to have on urban schools. Spencer views these effects, and much of Foster's career, through the prism of the tension between early racial liberalism, with its belief that integration and high expectations for all could suffice to advance academic achievement and social mobility among the poor, and a latter view which saw the apparently intractable connection between race, poverty, and academic underachievement as symptomatic of larger sociological, political, and economic issues of inequity. "At its core...this book is about the tension between stories of educational uplift and analyses of entrenched inequity" (17).That much of Foster's early career centered on emphasizing the former, the connection between high expectations and high achievement, should come as no surprise Spencer suggests. Foster's often difficult path to the highest levels of his profession was a textbook example of what was possible even in challenging environments when parents and schools successfully instilled in children not only the necessity of academic achievement but also the belief that such achievement was within their abilities. …


The problem of temperature fluctuations in the dryout zone, depending on the operating parameters of the steam generator, is analyzed on the basis of a numerical experiment. The cyclic endurance of metals in the dryout zone is appraised.


The main problems in the course of evaluating title of technical post for health specialty cadres were analyzed,and the countermeasures were proposed which would be of good reference value to carry out this work.


This paper introduces a new approach to the Secured hash algorithm. The proposed algorithms takes the variable length input bit sequence and generate the fix length output as according to the algorithm. There are many constant values, used functions, pre-processing and hashing in SHA(1)(2)(3)(4). Here introducing new technique in which shifting of bits in pre-processing are not fixed but depends on the counts of bits in input sequence.


In order to insure transportation safety and reach destination rapidly, the best transportation route of hazardous materials is studied with multi-attribute decision-making theory. The train loaded with the hazardous material is one kind of dynamic hazardous source, once it encounters the accident, it can cause the huge threat to the people's lives and properties. The scientific and reasonable choice for transportation route is the essential condition which safeguards the transportation security of hazardous materials. Under the hybrid language environment, the triangular fuzzy number and the interval number are used to express the uncertain variable, then the Lagrange function is established and the weighting vector is obtained by calculating partial derivative, and the best transportation route is ascertained through calculating the route projection operator value which displays on the ideal projection. The example confirms the decision-making method is feasible. The method is helpful for the relevant department to choose the reasonable transportation route under the hybrid language environment.


This study evaluated the potential effects of the Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL) instructional model on undergraduate, biology peer leaders' critical thinking skills. This investigation also explored peer leaders' perceptions of their critical thinking skills. A quasi-experimental pretest/post-test with control group design was used to determine critical thinking gains in PLTL/non-PLTL groups. Critical thinking was assessed using the California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) among participants who had previously completed and been successful in the second semester of a two-semester introductory biology course sequence. Qualitative data from open-ended questionnaires confirmed that factors thought to improve critical thinking skills such as interaction with peers, problem solving, and discussion were perceived by participants to have an impact on critical thinking gains. However, no significant quantitative differences in peer leaders' critical thinking skills were found between preand post-treatment CCTST measurements nor between experimental and control groups. Additionally, students led by peer leaders attained significantly higher exam and final course grades in introductory biology than similar students not participating in PLTL. Finally, among introductory biology students who opted not to enroll in the associated lab course, those who participated in PLTL averaged more than a letter grade higher than those who did not, and this difference was statistically significant. PEER LED TEAM LEARNING IN INTRODUCTORY BIOLOGY: EFFECTS ON CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS


Weldability is one of main index to value the performance of construction steel. Besides earthquake-resistant and fire-resistant capabilities, high-rise building should possess good weldability. The welding experiments of 490MPa grade high-rise constructional steel produced by a domestic steel corporation were tested. The results indicate that the yield strength and tensile strength of the steel before welding are similar to those of steel after welding, so it can meet the requirement of engineering. The research can provide experimental basis to further investigate the weldability of high-rise constructional steel.


$75.00. (isbn 0-937035-13-0) Bruccoli, Matthew J., and Judith S. Baughman (eds.). Facts on File: Bibliography of American Fiction 1919-1988. 2 vols. New York and Oxford: Facts on File, 1991. 648 pp. $145.00. (isbn 0-8160-2117-1 and 0-8160-2118-X) Franklin, Colin. The Private Presses. 2nd ed. Aldershot, England: Scolar Press, 1991, 378 pp. Illus. $55.00. (isbn 0-85967-835-0) [Reprint of the first edi tion, with new bibliography and indexes by John Turner.] Houston, Matilda Charlotte (Jesse) Fraser. Texas and the Gulf of Mexico; or, Yachting in the New World, ed. Marilyn McAdams Sibley. (The Library of Texas, 1.) Austin, Tex.: W. Thomas Taylor, 1991. viii, 274 pp. Illus. (isbn


A Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) scheme offers high spectral efficiency and better resistance to fading environments. In OFDM the data is modulated using multiple number of sub-carriers that are orthogonal to each other because of which the problems associated with other modulation schemes such as Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) and Inter Carrier Interference (ICI) are reduced. This paper deals with the analysis of OFDM System utilizing different modulation techniques (QAM and BPSK) over Rayleigh, Rician and Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) fading environments with the use of pilot aided arrangement and finally the results are conveyed. Keywords—AWGN Channel, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), QAM, Rayleigh Fading, Rician Fading.