The study of oscillating norm behavior in linear systems is addressed. The analysis is carried out by considering a model equation that naturally arises in the context of the linearized formulation of some convection-dominated systems over finite length domains. The occurrence of oscillating patterns in the energy evolution of the solutions is linked to the structure of the spectrum and to the non-normal character of the linear operator involved. A distinction between transient and asymptotic oscillations is made and some relations between the frequency signatures shown in both cases and global characteristics of the spectrum are highlighted. The physical importance of such oscillating behaviors is stressed by reconsidering a model for the linear stability of a falling liquid curtain studied by other authors in a previous work.


The brushless direct current vibration motor is provided. By placing the fixed eccentric weight arranged on the rotor between the back yoke and the permanent magnet up and down both sides of the eccentric weight it is fixed firmly. There the weight of the eccentric weight can grow by the area of the upper permanent magnet is advantageous to increase the vibration amount. A locking step to prevent separation of the bearings at the top and bottom bearing engaging portion is provided. Assembly of a bracket and thereby strengthen the supporting force of the whole made bracket in place of the region for mounting the cogging plate hole groove shape. Cogging top of the plate receiving recess is provided with bump plates leaving a cogging plate can be firmly mounted to the bracket. Because the connection plate with cogging pieces a body can be easily mounted to the bracket at the same time. By optimizing the caulking plate area, and can suppress an increase in time when the motor is started to prevent the e-friction noise between the rotor and the upper case, for increasing the speed of the rotor stops being rotated E may not janjindong the left. In addition, the horizontal level of the rotor being rotated E allows to keep uniform.


Abstract Entrapment of the ulnar nerve that leads to cubital tunnel syndrome is a common and often disabling disease. Current surgical treatment options involve simple decompression, medial epicondylectomy, or a variety of anterior transposition procedures. Such techniques often involve extensive exposure of the ulnar nerve with prolonged periods of immobilization. Because of this, patients may often experience significant postoperative pain, scarring, and joint stiffness. In this paper, we describe a minimally invasive technique for treating cubital tunnel syndrome using endoscopic assistance. This procedure enables complete ulnar nerve decompression through one small incision. Direct visualization of all potential anatomic compression sites for a distance of 20 cm around the medial epicondyle is possible. This endoscopic approach to cubital tunnel release is appealing, especially to those patients with mild to moderate symptoms who may otherwise be reluctant to undergo a more involved conventional surgery. It decreases postoperative pain, reduces scarring, and promotes an earlier return to activity than traditional open techniques allow, due to a decreased immobilization period.


In the paper we study non-local boundary value problems for differential and partial differential equations of fractional order with a non-local linear source being mathematical models of the transfer of water and salts in soils with fractal organization. Apart of the Cartesian case, in the paper we consider one-dimensional cases with cylindrical and spherical symmetry. By the method of energy inequalities, we obtain apriori estimates of solutions to nonlocal boundary value problems in differential form. We construct difference schemes and for these schemes, we prove analogues of apriori estimates in the difference form and provide estimates for errors assuming a sufficient smoothness of solutions to the equations. By the obtained apriori estimates, we get the uniqueness and stability of the solution with respect to the the initial data and the right par, as well as the convergence of the solution of the difference problem to the solution of the corresponding differential problem with the rate of O(h2 + τ2).


Objective:In life-long disabilities like autism and mental retardation, the authors thought that it is important for clinician to consider the quality of life of a primary caregiver for long-term management and prognosis. This study was to investigate the factors of children and family environment affecting the quality of life and depression in mothers with autistic and/or mentally retarded children. Methods:41 autistic and/or mentally retarded children aged 5-12 years with their mothers were surveyed from September, 1998 to January, 1999, with K-CBCL, K-BDI, K-FES, and K-SBQOL scale and compared with data from 35 normal control subjects. Results:1) Total K-BDI and K-SBQOL scores of mothers with mentally handicapped children were significantly poorer than the scores of normal control group. Independence, intellectual/cultural orientation and active recreation subscales of K-FES in mentally handicapped children were significantly decreased than those in normal control group. 2) Total K-BDI score of mothers with mentally handicapped children was correlated with their children's behavioral problems, especially internalizing and thought symptoms, and with family cohesion, expressiveness, conflict and independence. 3) Totol K-SB quality of life score of mothers with mentally handicapped children was correlated with their children's behavioral problems, especially attention problem, and with family cohesion, conflict, independence, intellectual/cultural orientation, and moral-religional emphasis. 4) The quality of life of mothers with mentally handicapped children was predicted by attention problem(=.36, p=.000) and social competence(=.07, p=.038) in children and family cohesion (=.16, p=.001). 5) Depression of mothers with mentally handicapped children was predicted by internalizing symptom (=.21, p=.003) and thought disorder(=.06, p=.048) in children and family cohesion(=.14, p=.008). Conclusion:Reducing behavioral problems and family therapeutic intervention in autistic and mentally retarded children can improve the quality of life of primary caregivers and long-term prognosis of the children, although those are not curative.


The process of language evaluation in preschool paediatric population is the driving force to study and analyze various stages of language acquisition. A test for evaluating language   is needed that is quick to administer, context-sensitive and that helps in exploring specific aspects of language. A sentence repetition task provides an examiner with a quick, context-sensitive way of examining a typically developing child's language processes, specifically syntactic, semantic and morphosyntactic capabilities.  This study explores the performance of Tamil speaking typically developing children aged 3;6 years to 5;0 years of age on a sentence repetition task. Gender differences were also accounted. The test items were 32 sentences constructed in colloquial Tamil which incorporate the language's morphosyntactic components. These sentences were presented in a pre determined order. The children were instructed to listen carefully and repeat the sentences. Verbatim transcriptions of the responses were made and then analysed. The sentences were coded by the two Speech and Language Pathologists (SLPs). Inter-rater reliability was high as calculated for both correct and incorrect responses. The results indicated that there were no significant errors made in the age range of 3;6 to 5;0 years. A significant difference was seen in the categories of sentences used, with increased errors in sentences involving morphosyntactic markers. Thus sentence repetition can precisely identify and provide qualitative information on the specific language structure of interest.


The Paralympic Games is a major international multi sports event involving athletes with a range of disabilities, including impaired muscle power (e.g. paraplegia and quadriplegia, muscular dystrophy, post-polio syndrome, spina bifida), impaired passive range of movement, limb deficiency (e.g. Amputation or dysmelia), leg length difference, short stature, hypertonia, ataxia, athetosis, vision impairment and intellectual impairment. There are winter and Summer Paralympic Games, which since the 1988 Summer Games in Seoul, South Korea, are held almost immediately following the respective Olympic Games. All Paralympic Games are governed by the International Paralympic Committee (IPC).


This study aims to describe current management of hepatitis C (HCV) among Irish general practice patients on opioid substitution treatment (OST).


This study examined the predictive capacity of job satisfaction factors toward private and public employed workers and job satisfaction differences between the two organizations in Woldia district. In the study 135 public and 189 private organization workers were participated. As the findings of the study indicated, statistically significant mean difference observed between private and public workers job satisfaction of communication and relationship, job security, pay and promotion and fairness. The job satisfaction factors correctly classified the private and public organizations. This classification was imperative and made the prediction prudent. As the likelihood ratio of the study indicated, privately employed workers are 1.8 times more likely satisfied in pay and promotion of their respective organization than the public worker's job motivation of pay and promotion. In the same vein, public employed workers are 1.3 times more likely satisfied in job security of their organization than the privately employed workers.


This paper proposes the hybrid heuristic method to apply the opportunity time to solve the vehicle routing and scheduling problem with time constraints(VRSPTW). The opportunity time indicates the idle time which remains after the vehicle performs the unloading service required by each customer's node. In this proposed heuristic, we add the constraints to VRSPTW model for the opportunity time. We also obtain the initial solution by applying the cost evaluation function to the insertion strategy considering the opportunity time. In addition, we improve the former result by applying the opportunity time to the tabu search strategy by swapping the customer's node. Finally, we suggest the construction strategies of initial routing which can efficiently acquire the nearest optimal solution from various types of data in terms of geographical condition, scheduling horizon and vehicle capacity. Our experiment show that our heuristic can get the nearest optimal solution more efficiently than the Solomon's I1 heuristic.


Abstract : This paper documents the results of a preliminary assessment performed on the commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) Semaphore Communications Corporation (SCC) Network Security System (NSS). The Semaphore NSS is a family of products designed to address important network security concerns, such as network source address authentication and data privacy. The assessment was performed in the INFOSEC Core Integration Laboratory, and its scope was product usability focusing on interoperability and system performance in an existing operational network. Included in this paper are preliminary findings. Fundamental features and functionality of the Semaphore NSS are identified, followed by details of the assessment, including test descriptions and results. A summary of test results and future plans are also included. These findings will be useful to those investigating the use of commercially available solutions to network authentication and data privacy.


Teaching the Chemistry of the Greenhouse Effect in High School: Possibilities and Limits. New educational trends strength the need of understanding problems experienced by our modern society. Among them, environmental issues are of special concern. In chemistry classes, one of these issues is the greenhouse effect which receives a considerable attention of the media. In this work, some chemistry textbooks used by high school teachers have been analyzed, showing that the description of this phenomenon in these books needs a treatment with more chemical and general information. Herein, some concepts involved in the greenhouse effect and some possibilities to work them in high school classes are presented.


The invention discloses a high-temperature resistant and fire-retardant adhesive and a preparation method thereof. The adhesive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 60 parts of phenol, 80 to 200 parts of formaldehyde, 10 to 65 parts of urea, 4 to 20 parts of melamine, 0.5 to 5 parts of catalyst, 3 to 17 parts of pH adjusting agent, and 0 to 300 parts of water. The adhesive is prepared by the following steps: carrying out reactions between phenol and formaldehyde in a weak alkaline condition so as to obtain a thermosetting phenolic resin, and then carrying out a modification process on the thermosetting phenolic resin with melamine. The fire-retardant ability of the modified phenolic resin is improved. A three-dimensional cross-linking structure system is formed after the curing, the structure is stable, thus the resin has the advantages of good heat resistance and chemistry resistance, and at the same time the release of free formaldehyde during the product using period is reduced. The adhesive is prepared by condensation polymerization reactions and compounding of several resins, the obtained adhesive has the advantages of high adhesive strength, high heat resistant performance, waterproofness, and low content of free formaldehyde, so that the free formaldehyde released during the product using process is little.


AbstractThe following sections are included:The Fed's Trading Desk and the Bond DealersThe Critical Role of the Private DealersThe Bankers' COLA and How Monetary Policy Really WorksThe Close Association of the Fed Funds Rate and Inflation: An Apparent ParadoxHow the Reserve Causes Inflation in HousingPursuing the Idea of Reform at the Federal ReserveMaking the Federal Reserve Responsive to the Needs of Ordinary PeopleThe Monetary Mystery SolvedNotes


Based on Vygosky's zone of proximal development and Feuerstein's theory of mediation,in the process of teaching,teachers should provide some approaches on how to apply the mediation theory to helping students enhance learner autonomy.


The sago fiber waste is promising as an active carbon material which has a high adsorption in purifying water process. The objective of this research was to make activated carbon from sago fiber waste to be applied for water purification and iron (Fe) adsorption with various of contact time. The carbon activation process uses Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) and calcined at 800 °C for 2 hours. After drying, then analyzed the water content and ash content. Furthermore, surface morphology testing was carried out using SEM. The application of activated carbon was carried out in dig well water purification and filtering iron (Fe) based on variations in contact time of 10 minutes, 20 minutes, 30 minutes and 40 minutes. Analysis of water content of activated carbon was carried out 3 times with an average value of 3.9662%. Ash content analysis aims to determine the metal oxide content in activated carbon. Analysis of the ash content of activated carbon was carried out 3 times with an average value of 5.3239%. The average value of ash content meets the quality standards of activated carbon SNI 06-3730-1995 where the standard value of ash content for powdered activated carbon is a maximum of 10%. SEM test results show that the surface of the activated carbon is porous but the size is not uniform. The level of Ferrium (Fe) in water that has gone through the purification process using activated carbon. The most effective contact time was obtained, namely 20 minutes and had met the threshold requirements for water turbidity levels according to Minister of Indonesia health. This means that activated carbon from sago fiber is able to adsorb the material contained in water and also very capable in  picking up some bad contents of cloudy and polluted water.


The different varieties of orthodox Marxism project a radical philosophical split between the work of the early and the late Marx. However, the argument of this paper rejects the view that there is a sharp radical split between the early and late Marx with respect to his basic philosophical positions; and it argues that the projection of such a philosophical split amounts to a radical distortion of Marx's thought. The main methodological instrument for carrying out this argument is Marx's mature dialectical method of explanation which he employed throughout his monumental work, Capital – that is, the method of dialectical explanation that moves from the abstract to the concrete. This method of explanation involves the interplay of two fundamental canons of interpretation that distinguish this explanatory movement – the interrelated notions of the concrete universal and the internal relation. The argument proceeds to sketch an explanatory theoretical web which allows one to discern how the perspectives of the early and late Marx can be synthesized in a coherent way; and how Marx's philosophical/scientific paradigm not only provides conceptual room for, but also calls for a full-fledged radical humanism.


Concept of eco-textiles was introduced,and influence of eco-textiles on international textile trade was discussed.Two kinds of market access systems for eco-textiles in foreign countries were expatiated,including the state compulsory regulations and market demands,technical regulations,technical standards and conformity assessment.Legislative process and present status of eco-textiles market access systems of Europe Union,USA and Japan were reviewed.


The procedures used by the Energy Economics Division of the Chase Manhattan Bank to project growth in residential electric consumption, nationally and regionally, are described. Prudent economic judgment must be used to gauge the effects of future developments on the consumption of electricity. The developments include: the effect of rising average electric rates, the economic channel through which rising electric rates will operate, how the structure of households and their regional concentration may alter kWh use patterns, how appliances and dwelling unit types will impact, and the role of both electricity rate structures and emerging technologies on use. These impacts have been quantified and what they are likely to mean for future electric consumption is investigated. It is found that price increases and changing rate structures have small, but significant, effects, and these effects assume increasing importance over time. This will be partly offset by demographic effects consumption patterns that will tend to make electric demand more weather-sensitive. (MCW)


This paper concerns the problem of algebraic differential independence of the gamma function and ${\mathcal{L}}$
 -functions in the extended Selberg class. We prove that the two kinds of functions cannot satisfy a class of algebraic differential equations with functional coefficients that are linked to the zeros of the ${\mathcal{L}}$
 -function in a domain $D:=\{z:0<\text{Re}\,z<\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{0}\}$
 for a positive constant $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}_{0}$
 .


Base on the research on the PM (Project Management) teaching mode and the characteristic of "polytechnic experiment of design software and system" course,we put forward a teaching method which use the PM knowledge to having polytechnic experiment course of information and computational science.


GPC−MALS in α,α,α-trifluorotoluene mobile phase has been employed successfully to determine molecular weight and molecular weight distribution for highly fluorinated (hydrocarbon insoluble) polymers. This technique was used to characterize several fluoroalkyl acrylic and fluorolkyl methacrylic polymers, perfluoropolyethers, hydrocarbon polymers such as polystyrene and poly(n-butyl acrylate), and their block copolymers with excellent results. The current report is focused on characterization of poly(1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorodecyl acrylate) and polystyrene as representative materials of interest. Results for samples ranging from 1000 to 1 600 000 g/mol were in excellent agreement with independent measurements determined by 1H NMR end group analysis, GPC in hydrocarbon solvents, and those provided by the supplier, as applicable.


Objective: To investigate the characteristics of adverse drug reaction(ADR) in children caused by L-asparaginase(L-ASP) from clinical practice,and to provide reference for rational use of drugs.Methods: Two cases of pediatric asthma induced by multiple doses of L-ASP were reported.Literature about L-ASP-induced ADR reported in domestic pharmaceutical journals from 1979 to 2011 was collected and analyzed statistically.Safety issues of L-ASP in children were further considered based on its structure,administration routes,dosing interval,and action mechanisms.Results: ADR caused by L-ASP in children was common.The main type was allergic reaction,and followed by digestive system damage and blood abnormalities.A small number of children had acute hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis and severe ADR in nervous system,which had poor prognosis.Conclusion: More attention should be paid to children to avoid and reduce the occurrence of ADR induced by L-ASP.


A neural network model that may give phase synchronization of activity patterns in ensembles with different types of complexity is described and simulated. This model is used to study the dynamic behavior of coupled phase oscillators with cosine interaction between them. Different schemes of the network architecture such as mean-field and nearest-neighbor interaction, symmetric and asymmetric types of coupling among elements are provided to deal with the processes of synchronization patterns formation. Dynamic pattern formation related to neural oscillations, patterns of phase an anti- phase synchronization of activities of elements within clusters remote from one another as well as clustering of different attractors are studied.


Two series of experiments were run to ascertain the nature of the transformation of antidunes when suppressed by a tunnel roof. One series was performed in a recirculating flume 30cm in width and 6 meters in length using well sorted sand, 0.35 mm in mean diameter. The second series was conducted in a flume 76cm wide and 18 meters long using very well to very poorly sorted gravel and sandy gravel. In the first series, standing waves, antidunes, and breaking antidunes were generated in the open channel section of the flume; in the second series, standing waves and downstream-migrating antidunes were generated. In both series, these bedforms were replaced in the tunnel section by a plane bed, often with a rheological front. In the smaller flume, antidunes contained backset and foreset (lee-side) laminae, poorly sorted and less than about 10° in maximum dip. In the larger flume, although backsets formed, they were temporary only, and were soon eroded by the downstream migration of the antidunes. Sand was depo...


In recent literature, the concept of policy subsystem has occupied a central place in many theoretical models, it is considered prime unit of analysis in recent approaches to the policy process. Subject of intense theoretical discussion, when compared to related concepts such as policy communities, policy networks and policy issues, these concepts can contribute to the analysis of political participation process, characteristic of democratic governments. This present study aims to present a critical review of the literature on subsystems, policy issues, policy networks and policy communities, as well as discuss these concepts emphasizing the participatory potential of the actors who make up these spaces, seeking to contribute to the dialogue of studies in public policy and participation policy in Brazil.


As a result of social awareness of air emission due to the use of fossil fuels, the utilization of the natural wind power resources becomes an important option to avoid the dependence on fossil resources in industrial activities. For example, the maritime industry, which is responsible for more than 90% of the world trade transport, has already started to look for solutions to use wind power as auxiliary propulsion for ships. The practical installation of the wind facilities often requires large amount of investment, while uncertainties for the corresponding energy gains are large. Therefore a reliable model to describe the variability of wind speeds is needed to estimate the expected available wind power, coefficient of the variation of the power and other statistics of interest, e.g. expected length of the wind conditions favorable for the wind-energy harvesting. In this paper, wind speeds are modeled by means of a spatio-temporal transformed Gaussian field. Its dependence structure is localized by introduction of time and space dependent parameters in the field. The model has the advantage of having a relatively small number of parameters. These parameters have natural physical interpretation and are statistically fitted to represent variability of observed wind speeds in ERA Interim reanalysis data set.


The creative activity of the Old Believers-coast-dwellers, who lived in Zlatoust in the last third of the XIX the beginning of the XX centuries, was made known by materials of five old believe bookish-hand-written literary texts from funds of the South Ural collections. In this article methods of production of new forms of ornament of vegetation type, of author's style, formatted by scribe-artist on the base of early printed style with including of elements of Guslitski and Coast-dweller styles are in detail analyzed.


This article aims at identifying elements that affect the decision firms make in what concerns productive capacity setting in markets. Among these elements, macroeconomic, regulatory and competition factors are highlighted. In this paper, a case study for the domestic scheduled airline industry is developed, taking advantage of the particularity of this sector, in which an airline ought to decide capacities in each sub-market (pair of airports) where it is present. By using a three-dimensional panel of data (airline-market-time), we propose an identification of this decision-making process. Among the final results, it can be highlighted that: 1. macroeconomic aggregates such as GDP and exchange rate have significant impact over the decision process of capacity setting; 2. liberalizing measures adopted in 2001 and lasting for the two following years had little impact over seat supply; 3. the commercial agreement the two biggest Brazilian airlines signed in 2003 did impact the market capacity, what shows that stronger market dominance influences the decision airlines make in what concerns their supply, a result justifying an increased surveillance to be undertaken by antitrust authorities.


In analogy to living systems, geologic entities (e.g., rocks, mineral deposits, tectonic realms and domains) are involved in the process of perpetual generation and destruction (birth/death cycles). This results in time distribution patterns akin to age structures in living populations and the systematics is amenable to treatment by the concepts of population dynamics. Utilizing this theoretical approach, the survivorship patterns for major realms of the plate tectonic system, for consitutent rocks, and for the entombed mineral resources are predicted. The present inventory encompasses global economic accumulations of metals by geologic age. The deposits of these metals were assigned to nine broad genetic categories, with an attempt to relate each category to tectonic setting within the framework of global plate tectonics.


Objective  To understand the mental health status of officers and soldiers (OSs) in a Chinese army unit, and analyze its relationship with Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) infection. Methods  Cross sectional extraction of 1293 male soldiers from a certain unit of Chinese army in September 2015, aged 17-37 years old, average age 20.5±3.2. Using the symptom self rating scale (SCL-90) to conduct a psychological evaluation, comparison between the evaluation results and the Chinese military norm was conducted to understand the mental health status of OSs in the unit. 13C-urea breath test was used to detect H.pylori infection, and the relationship between the positivity rate of various factors, the SCL-90 score and H.pylori infection were analyzed. Ninety OSs who had desire to eradicate H.pylori serves as the experimental group, and 90 H.pylori-infected OSs as control group. The experimental group received quadruple-drug eradication therapy, control group received no drug treatment. SCL-90 scores before and after the treatment were compared, and SCL-90 scores after treatment in the experimental group and those in the control group were also compared for analyzing the relationship between the OSs psychological status and H.pylori infection. Results  The SCL-90 score of the OSs was lower than the norm of Chinese army, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The psychological screening positive rate was higher in H.pylori-positive OSs than H.pylori-negative those and the positive rates of psychological screening factors somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility and paranoid were higher in H.pylori-positive OSs than in H.Pylorinegative those, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After the eradication of H.pylori in the experimental group these factor scores were lower than those before eradication. Compared with control group SCL-90 scores, soldiers somatization, interpersonal sensitivity, anxiety, hostility, paranoid factor score in experimental group after treatment were lower, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion  The mental health is better in OSs in this unit, the negative mental status is obvious in H.pylori-infected OSs than in H.pylori-negative those, and to eradicate H.pylori can improve their psychological state.

 DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2017.02.16


The role of supply-chain management as an integral element in corporate strategy has been discussed in prior research, mostly at a broad conceptual level with relatively little empirical validation. This paper uses data from a longitudinal study of buyer-supplier relationships to evaluate the impact from firms' recent initiatives in developing strategic supplier alliances on the role played by the supply management effort in the corporate hierarchy. Contrary to anticipated results, the use of an alliance approach did not lead to any appreciable improvement in status and respect for supply management's role in developing corporate strategy. While several suggestions are offered to explain these results, the major conceptual models of supply-chain strategy are reassessed and a more appropriate and grounded framework for study is proposed. Further research is called for to empirically verify the link between strategic consideration for supply issues and firm success.


The Internet is an electronic network connecting computers to each other making Interactive Communications possible. Fast development of technology in the last few decades has also resulted in changes in social structures. When the Internet is examined in its relationship with education, it is possible to say that


Arc velocity and erosion rate measurements were performed on nanostructured pure Cu cathodes in 10−5 Torr vacuum (1.3324 m Pa), in an external magnetic field of 0.04 T. Five different kinds of nanostructured cathodes were produced by spraying pure Cu powders of three different sizes, on Cu coupons by atmospheric pressure plasma spraying and high velocity oxygen fuel spraying techniques. The erosion rates of these electrodes were obtained by measuring the weight loss of the electrode after igniting as many as 135 arc pulses, each of which was 500 µs long at an arc current of 125 A. The arc erosion values measured on three kinds of nanostructured coatings were 50% lower than the conventional pure massive Cu cathodes. Microscopic analyses of the arc traces on these nanostructured coatings show that the craters formed on these coatings were smaller than those formed on conventional Cu (<1 µm in diameter compared with 7–12 µm diameter on conventional Cu). It was concluded that nanostructured cathodes had lower erosion rates than conventional pure Cu cathodes.


The purpose of this study is to compare changes of heart rate,hemoglobin,hematuria,blood lactic acid,urinary albumin in plateau and plain training in order to define function monitoring indexes appropriate for plateau and plain training. It is hoped that this study will be useful for the future function monitoring.


A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF NEW TECHNOLOGY IMPLEMENTATION ON ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE AND CORPORATE DECISION-MAKING Michelle L. McCleese, M.S. Morehead State University, 2005 Director of Thes\s: f\\,vrn a.. cL Z 01 t5 o< tr This thesis examined the influence of new technology integration on both structure and decision-making in organizations. The proffered hypothesis maintains that the continuous and rapid flow of new technology opportunities forces identifiable changes in organizations. The influx of technology affects the communication efficiency of organizations, influencing their competitiveness. This study investigated the structures and decision-making constructs of successful Fortune 500 companies focusing on the issues they experience during assimilation of technology and what challenges they have mastered to achieve organizational effectiveness. The results, analyzed using both inferential and descriptive statistics, reveal a strong connection between technology use and changes in Fortune 500 organizations' structure and decision-making methods. These findings targeted specific areas where improvements would facilitate the integration of technology. The particular areas expose weaknesses in organizational planning and highlight directions


In subtractive hybridization, target sequences in the tester are enriched by hybridizing with an excess amount of driver, followed by removing the tester hybridized with the driver. All of existing subtractive cloning methods are designed to remove the tester/driver hybrid. The removal of hybrid, however, is often unsatisfactory For various reasons. In this study we developed a subtractive enrichment protocol in which the tester/driver can be completely removed by selecting only the tester/tester after hybridization. In this protocol both the tester and driver DNAs are ligated with same linker DNAs and amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The tester DNA is then digested with two different enzymes and used in subsequent hybridization with an excess driver. After hybridization, the DNA is ligated with the adaptor that is only compatible with the tester/tester. Since only the tester/tester can have the new adaptor, no tester/driver can be amplified by PCR in this protocol. Unlike other methods, a 100% subtraction efficiency can be achieved even though the enzymatic treatments used in the enrichment procedure are incomplete. Furthermore, only the hybridized tester DNA can have the new adaptor and be amplified by PCR, resulting in 100% denaturation in effect. The efficacy of this novel method was verified with the model system in which a known amount of the target sequence is included.


The Solar Probe mission is an unprecedented exploration of the inner heliosphere, which will achieve unique science by flying over the pole of the Sun and as close to the Sun's surface, through the solar corona, as is technologically feasible today. It will first travel to Jupiter for a gravity assist, leave the ecliptic plane, fly over the Sun's poles to within 8 solar radii, and reach perihelion over the equator at 4 solar radii. A unique aspect of the Solar Probe orbit is that the trajectory is orthogonal to the Sun-Earth line during perihelion passage so that there is continuous radio contact throughout the flyby. Two perihelion passes are planned, the first near the 2014 solar minimum and the second near the 2019 solar maximum. This orbit ensures that the mission will probe both the high speed solar wind streams and the equatorial low-speed streams. Although NASA recinded the 1999 Solar Probe Announcement of Opportunity (AO 99-OSS-04) in early 2001, Solar Probe is still very much alive and community support for the mission is strong. In the fall of 2001, Congress earmarked $3M for Solar Probe and instructed NASA to consolidate the Solar Probe management within the existing SEC/LWS program. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) is currently reviewing the mission and conducting an Engineering Assessment Study to be released later this year. Both the NRC Decadal Survey Committee and the SEC Roadmap Committee have strongly endorsed Solar Probe and recommended that it be "implemented as soon as possible".


The estimated range of climate sensitivity, the equilibrium warming resulting from a doubling of the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, has not decreased substantially in past decades. New statistical methods for estimating the climate sensitivity have been proposed and provide a better quantification of relative probabilities of climate sensitivity within the almost canonical range of 2‐ 4.5 K; however, large uncertainties remain, in particular for the upper bound. Simple indices of spatial radiation patterns are used here to establish a relationship between an observable radiative quantity and the equilibrium climate sensitivity. The indices are computed for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) multimodel dataset and offer a possibility to constrain climate sensitivity by considering radiation patterns in the climate system. High correlations between the indices and climate sensitivity are found, for example, in the cloud radiative forcing of the incoming longwave surface radiation and in the clear-sky component of the incoming surface shortwave flux, the net shortwave surface budget, and the atmospheric shortwave attenuation variable b .T he climate sensitivity was estimated from the mean of the indices during the years 1990‐99 for the CMIP3 models. The surface radiative flux dataset from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) together with its top-of-atmosphere Energy Balanced and Filled equivalent (CERES EBAF) are used as a reference observational dataset, resulting in a best estimate for climate sensitivity of 3.3 K with a likely range of 2.7‐4.0 K. A comparison with other satellite and reanalysis datasets show similar likely ranges and best estimates of 1.7‐3.8 (3.3 K) [Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE)], 2.9‐3.7 (3.3 K) [International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project radiative surface flux data (ISCCP-FD)], 2.8‐4.1 (3.5 K) [NASA's Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Application (MERRA)], 3.0‐4.2 (3.6 K) [Japanese 25-yr Reanalysis (JRA-25)], 2.7‐3.9 (3.4 K) [European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim)], 3.0‐4.0 (3.5 K) [ERA-40], and 3.1‐4.7 (3.6 K) for the NCEP reanalysis. For each individual reference dataset, the results suggest that values for the sensitivity below 1.7 K are not likely to be consistent with observed radiation patterns given the structure of current climate models. For the aggregation of the reference datasets, the climate sensitivity is not likely to be below 2.9 K within the framework of this study, whereas values exceeding 4.5 K cannot be excluded from this analysis. While these ranges cannot be interpreted properly in terms of probability, they are consistent with other estimates of climate sensitivity and reaffirm that the current climatology provides a strong constraint on the lower bound of climate sensitivity even in a set of structurally different models.


Abstract : President Clinton signed Presidential Decision Directive (PDD) 56 in 1997 directing the Pentagon, State Department, CIA and other agencies to establish "management practices to achieve unity of effort among U.S. Government agencies and international organizations engaged in complex contingency operations". PDD 56 was superseded by National Security Presidential Directive (NSPD) 44 signed by President Bush in 2005, which directed the Secretary of State to "coordinate and lead integrated United States Government efforts, involving all U.S. Departments and Agencies with relevant capabilities, to prepare, plan for, and conduct stabilization and reconstruction activities." Although significant advances have been made in response to NSPD 44, an enduring whole-of-government approach has yet to be established to effectively synchronize, coordinate and integrate governmental and nongovernmental activities to achieve unity of effort. Diminishing resources and disaggregated adversaries fighting unconventional warfare require unified action across the full range of engagement, security cooperation and deterrence operations in which military forces and civilian counterparts are engaged. The Geographic Combatant Commander functioning in a Geographic Unified Commander role is the best option to synchronize all instruments of national power in order to achieve unified regional priorities that are in support of national strategic objectives. The U.S. Africa Command (AFRICOM) approach to unified action; integrating interagency members in positions where their expertise can be most utilized, is the best practice to optimally synchronize instruments of national power and achieve unity of effort.


Introduction. Many problems in Engineering and Physics can be reduced to boundary value problems, i.e. to problems involving the determination of a function which satisfies a given partial differential equation inside a domain and assumes perscribed values on the boundary of this domain. Despite the fact that the solutions of many such problems have been known "in principle," their actual evaluation has required such a great amount of computation that it has only been possible to carry out calculations of this kind in a few simple cases. The creation of modern computational devices such as punch-card machines, IBM-Harvard and Bell Telephone Laboratory machines, the ENIAC computer, etc., which can carry out rather extensive computations automatically, has changed the picture completely. However, these machines exist only to implement theoretical methods, and the reduction of these methods to a form whereby the machine can "take hold" represents a problem in itself. In previous publications the author developed certain theoretical methods (the "method of orthogonal functions" and the "method of particular solutions") for solving boundary-value problems. The present paper illustrates the application of orthogonal functions to the solution of Laplace's equation (d2</>/dx2) + (d2</>/d;y2) =0 through the use of punch-card machines. 1. Formulation of a problem in elasticity. The present paper is concerned with a method of solving the torsion problem for a bar of uniform cross-section. Let x, y, Z denote rectangular coordinates, the axis of Z being perpendicular to the cross-section of the beam.1 According to Saint Venant the components u, v, w of the displacement vector are given by the expressions


The purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the influence of accountability and transparency principles, open, fairness and competition against e-procurement effectiveness and efficiency in procurement service unit Maluku Province. The population of this study was all participants or providers of government Goods/Services registered in procurement service unit Maluku Province with purposive sampling as a sample method with 79 participants or providers of government Goods/Services as respondents. Data collection was done by direct survey. Hypothesis testing was empirically tested using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results showed that the principle of accountability and transparency, openness, fairness / non-discrimination and competition proved to have a positive and significant impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of e-procurement in procurement service unit Maluku Province. This can be proven through regression coefficient indicating that if the principle of accountability and transparency, openness, fairness / non-discrimination and competition increase, then it will be followed by improvement of effectiveness and efficiency of eprocurement at procurement service unit Maluku Province. Thus, it can be said that increasing the principles of accountability and transparency, openness, fairness / nondiscrimination and competition will improve the effectiveness and efficiency of e-procurement in procurement service unit Maluku Province.


Glass ionomer restorative cements have been used in anterior restorations for a number of years but have not been considered strong enough for use in posterior restorations. The compressive strengths of a number of materials currently available were measured at 30 min, 1 hour and 24 hours. It was concluded that some of the materials might be considered for posterior restorations in deciduous teeth where no other considerations, such as radiopacity, apply.


The increasing complexity of System-on-Chip (SoC) and the ongoing technology miniaturization on Integrated Circuit (IC) manufacturing processes makes modern SoCs more susceptible to Single-Event Effects (SEE) caused by radiation, even at sea level. To provide realistic estimates at a low cost, efficient analysis techniques capable of replicating SEEs are required. Among these methods, fault injection through emulation using Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) enables campaigns to be run on a Circuit Under Test (CUT). This paper investigates the use of an FPGA architecture to speed up the execution of fault campaigns. As a result, a new methodology for mapping the CUT occupation on the FPGA is proposed, significantly reducing the total number of faults to be injected. In addition, a fault injection technique/flow is proposed to demonstrate the benefits of cutting-edge approaches. The presented technique emulates Single-Event Transient (SET) in all combinatorial elements of the CUT using the Internal Configuration Access Port (ICAP) of Xilinx FPGAs.


This paper presents a novel optimal coordinated strategy for frequency regulation (FR) through electric vehicles (EVs) under variable power system operation states (PSOSs). The methodology ensures a secure and economical operation of the power system through the coordination of the frequency regulation, the power of the electric vehicles and generators with multiple optimization objectives. In the normal state of operation of the power system, the battery degradation cost is taken into account and accordingly the minimum FR cost is utilized as an objective. On the other hand, for abnormal operation, the optimization objective considers the minimum frequency restoration duration. Different scenarios have been investigated to validate the proposed method. The simulation results confirm the usefulness and superior performance of the proposed optimized coordinated control strategy.


The concepts of civil finance and informal finance could not be abused,which have linkages and differences. Civil finance is the expression uniquely in Chinese financial system in period of transition,and it w ould vanish as follow ed as reforming of Chinese financial system. But informal finance definitely w ould survive and parallel w ith formal finance in long term because it has informalities. By review ing the origins of civil finance and informal finance and deep analysis,the paper show s the differences betw een them,and it is very meaningful to carry out the further research and practice in future.


After an historical survey of the transformations which affected the Palace Guards during the ivth century, this article confronts the official denominations of the Palatine scholae (scutarii, armaturae, gentiles) with those which were in use by the Fathers (doryphoroi, hypaspistai or aspidephoroi, hoplitai). The ecclesiastical authors mainly gave importance to the sumptuous character of the guards accoutrements and their parading function which, after the reign of Theodosius Ist, tended to completely supersede their fighting abilities and role.


The absorption of light by optically pumped atoms undergoing magnetic resonance is calculated from expressions based on a simplification of Barrat and Cohen-Tannoudji's theory of optical pumping. The density matrix for the system is first derived in orders of approximation which correspond to successive cycles of pumping. The off-diagonal elements of the matrix, and consequently the absorption of light, are modulated. The amplitudes of modulation are resonance functions which are, in general, more complicated than solutions of the Bloch equations. The selection rules for electric dipole radiation limit the possible frequencies of modulation to ω0 and 2ω0 for primary interactions (ω0 is the applied frequency), but modulation at higher frequencies can arise through the circulation of coherence in optical pumping cycles. The functions which represent the amplitude of modulation at 4ω0 are derived in first and second order, for comparison with experiment.


At the moment, education systems around the world are taking measures to organize education in the context of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. In most countries many students are transferred to distance learning. Online education provides a wide range of opportunities and prospects for changing and improving educational systems, for which a critical situation creates forced conditions. The article analyzes the problems associated with the use of online learning. The methodological and theoretical foundation of the work is provided by a systematic approach, the concept of social conditioning of language education, the notion of continuous vocational training. When using online courses as a means of teaching a foreign language, we offer both special programs for teaching a language and checking knowledge of vocabulary and grammar, as well as modern authentic materials for teaching reading and listening. In the process of teaching a foreign language, students perform various types of work: they translate foreign texts and articles, make reports, practice creative project activities and prepare presentations. The priority goal of the article is to identify the advantages, vulnerabilities and risks of online learning. It is shown that mass character, the use of modern and interactive technologies belong to the strengths of online learning. However, the absence of direct contact between the teacher and the student does not allow implementing the competence approach in full measure.


The present study was conducted to assess the storage stability of chevon rolls prepared by incorporating various phyto-extracts viz. Control (C), T1 (chevon rolls with 0.40% ethanolic aloe vera extract) and T2 (chevon rolls with 0.25% ethanolic cinnamon extract) during refrigerated storage (4±1°C) under aerobic packaging conditions. Chevon rolls were stored for 35 days and analyzed for pH, oxidative stability, microbial and sensory attributes at a regular interval of 7 days. The pH followed gradual decreasing trend with the advancement of storage period irrespective of treatments. The various oxidative stability parameters such as PA (peroxide value), TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reacting substances) and FFA (free fatty acid value) followed an increasing trend in all products with treated samples (T1 and T2) showed lower value than control. Standard plate count and psychrophilic count were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in treated products than control and microbial count was better maintained in T2 than control. As the days of storage increased, scores for overall acceptability showed significantly (P<0.05) decreasing trends, however the score was recorded highest for T1 during entire storage. Thus chevon rolls could be successfully stored upto 28 days under refrigerated condition (4±1°C) under aerobic packaging.


Image processing is a process to produce images according to your wishes or the quality is better. The input is an image and the output is also an image but with better quality than the input image. Digital image processing is a process that aims to manipulate and analyze images with the help of computers. This is done to obtain alternative solutions to a problem with more efficient results and good accuracy, for example for the detection of osteoporosis from X-ray images and for video compression. Image (image) is another term for images as a form of visual information that plays an important role in the multimedia component. Along with technological developments in the field of computerization, image processing technology has been widely used in various fields including medicine and the entertainment industry. The segmentation process in a digital image that separates an object from the background or background is obtained from the RGB value in each pixel in the digital image so that the object can be processed for other purposes. Along with the development of technology in applications that process digital images, the segmentation process becomes increasingly necessary. The results of the segmentation must also be more accurate because if the results of the segmentation are inaccurate it will affect the results of the next process. In general, the segmentation process is divided into three parts based on classification, by edge and by area.


We report our results on a radio-frequency plasma reactor used for thin-film deposition on particles. Deposition experiments in a reactive dusty plasma seeded with a bimodal distribution of seeds reveal that the mean film thickness is proportional to the deposition time. However, the deposition rate is not uniform for all particles. The distribution of deposition rates is obtained from measurements of the size distribution of the deposited films. The results show that the deposition rate exhibits a wide, approximately exponential distribution, which is attributed to spatial nonuniformities and gradients in the space between the electrodes. The conformity of the deposited films onto the surface of spherical seed particles is studied as a function of time. We find that the sphericity of the deposited film is generally good although deposition on the smallest seeds of this study (0.115 /spl mu/m in radius) show a higher incidence of nonspherical coatings.


A common stream processing application is alerting, where the data stream management system (DSMS) continuously evaluates a threshold function over incoming streams. If the threshold is crossed, the DSMS raises an alarm. The threshold function is often calculated over two or more streams, such as combining temperature and humidity readings to determine if moisture will form on a machine and therefore cause it to malfunction. This requires taking a temporal join across the input streams. We show that for the broad class of functions called
 quasiconvex
 functions, the DSMS needs to retain very few tuples per-data-stream for any given time interval and still never miss an alarm. This surprising result yields a large memory savings during normal operation. That savings is also important if one stream fails, since the DSMS would otherwise have to cache all tuples in other streams until the failed stream recovers. We prove our algorithm is optimal and provide experimental evidence that validates its substantial memory savings.


This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nursing students' COVID-19 risk perception and class participation on learning satisfaction. Data collection was conducted from April to May 2021 with 168 nursing students from five universities in Busan and Gyeongnam. The collected data were descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, multiple using SPSS program 26.0. As a result, The learning satisfaction according to the general characteristics of the subject showed a significant grade (F=6.965, p<.001), and in the correlation learning satisfaction (r=269, p<.001) and COVID-19 risk perception showed a positive correlation, and learning satisfaction (r=.505, p<.001) and class participation showed a positive correlation. Class participation (β=.444, p<.001) and COVID-19 risk perception (β=.140, p=.041) were found to be factors influencing the subject's learning satisfaction. Therefore, in order to improve learning satisfaction of nursing students, a system that responds sensitively to changes and communication in various types of classes is established to increase class participation, and to provide fast and accurate information services on COVID-19 to effectively recognize the risk of COVID-19 and develop the ability to respond to it.


The Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) experiment has now flown over Antarctica for a total of 70 days, combining a record-breaking continuous 42 days in the air with a second Long Duration Balloon flight. The array of detection techniques utilized by CREAM includes a Timing Charge Detector, a Transition Radiation Detector, a Silicon Charge Detector, and a tracking Calorimeter to obtain the first direct charge and energy measurements of cosmic rays up to the knee using complementary techniques in the same instrument. We are able to detect charges from protons through iron in the energy range eV. These are of particular relevance when determining source(s) of cosmic rays and their propagation conditions. In this paper, we focus on the charge identification capabilities of the CREAM experiment.


Morfologostatistichesky analysis of thyroid and adrenal glands after a single oral administration of an aqueous solution of depleted uranium oxides in the dynamics of long-term periods of observation. The revealed changes in the dynamics study of the morphological criteria of the thyroid and adrenal glands noted chronodynamic prolonged sensitivity of the experiment, changes in the morphofunctional state in response to a single oral administration of an aqueous solution of depleted uranium oxide, apparently, against the cumulative effect of indirectly inducing process violation.


In AMMI analysis environment main effect and genotype × location interaction were found significant. Significant differences in maize hybrids were observed for grain yield among the locations over the years both under stress and non-stress conditions. Among the four interaction principal component axes (IPCA) of GGE biplot, first two IPCA were significant explaining 75.89% variation. Hybrid, KDMI-15 × NEI-9202-B was found superior among all the hybrids over checks over all the locations. Other hybrids viz., CM-111 × HYD SEL-15 and CI-4 × NEI-9202-B exhibited almost no interaction with the environments convincing the reliability of their performance. The hybrids viz., KDMI-15 × NEI-9208-B, CM-111 × HYD SEL-17, 900M, CML-446 × HYD SEL-4, CI-4 × HYD SEL-17, HYD SEL-7 × KDMI-15 and HYD SEL-15 × HYD SEL-17 were most responsive.


The computational complexity of finite-control-set model predictive control (FCS-MPC) is a big obstacle to limit its application. In order to solve this problem, an improved model predictive current control (IMPCC) algorithm is proposed in this paper, which takes single-phase cascaded H-bridge rectifier (CHBR) as the research object. The algorithm abandons the on-line optimization of minimum objective function and uses the method of calculating the component of the reference voltage vector on the $\alpha$ axis to determine the optimal sector. Without affecting the control performance of the system, the number of current predictions is reduced, and the computational complexity of model predictive current control (MPCC) algorithm is greatly reduced. Finally, MATLAB simulation experiments are built to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm from both static and dynamic aspects.


A viewgraph presentation describing a certification tool to check the safety of auto-generated codes is shown. The topics include: 1) Auto-generated Code at NASA; 2) Safety of Auto-generated Code; 3) Technical Approach; and 4) Project Plan.


We give a new proof that the Bondi momentum is time‐like and future directed. This is done by extending a theorem showing the existence of solutions of Witten's equation on a complete, asymptotically flat surface, to the case where the surface is asyptotically hyperbolic and spans a cut S of I+. By choosing appropriate boundary conditions the positivity of the Bondi energy is also shown for the case where the surface is no longer free of inner boundaries but is internally bounded by the union of a finite number of marginally trapped surfaces. This argument also applies to the case of asymptotically flat surfaces.


The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in many countries enforcing a lockdown, whereby people are instructed to stay at home. The aim of this study was to find out the impact of epidemic spread and death cases on people's lifestyle. These findings add to the fact that when people face special events in their lives, they will have a great and far-reaching impact on their way of life. The reflexive accounts of the people reveal their positionalities on the field, where their daily lives, education, priorities and values were also being challenged due to the pandemic. The paper will help in adding knowledge about how the spread and death cases influence people's lifestyle.


Emissions trading with output-based allocation (OBA) of emissions allowances is gaining popularity as a means to address sectoral equity issues related to the use of market-based instruments in pollution control. Using a dynamic general equilibrium framework, this paper assesses the potential equity-efficiency trade-off between OBA and alternative emissions trading systems, with special attention to the heterogeneity among energy-intensive industries. Because abatement is achieved at a higher marginal cost with OBA, it is less efficient than emissions trading systems in which permit revenues are used to reduce payroll taxes. Nonetheless, the implicit output subsidy in OBA improves the distributional outcome of the abatement policy to the benefit of energy-intensive industries as a whole. The simulation results also suggest that energy-intensive industries that do not produce energy would be the main beneficiaries of OBA. In the new carbonconstrained environment, energy intensive industries that produce energy could not benefit significantly from OBA.


Memo from Richard Hough to William Doherty commenting on the general status of an OPG project in Ecuador, including specific regard toward technical support, the Yuca processing plant, and problems with the project's operation


The invention discloses an intraocular implant comprising a substantially circular optical part (10) and two curved haptic loops (12, 14) each with a first connecting end (12a, 14a) at the periphery of the optical part and a free second end (12b, 14b) to come to rest on the internal wall of the eye. The optical part (10) and the haptic loops (12, 14) are made of the same flexible material, the elastic modulus thereof being in a range between 0.25 Mpa and 1 Mpa and in that the width of each loop decreases gradually from its connecting end to its free end such that the ratio between the bending moment variation and the inertia moment variation at two separate points (P1, P2) of the loop is substantially constant.


A report by the European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (2000) is presented in this chapter. This report highlighted that six of the fifteen member states of the European Union use legal proceedings as a means of compensating employees for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), in particular upper limb disorders. The United Kingdom (U.K.) is the member state in which legislation is most frequently used. In the U.K., claims for damages are based on the tort of negligence or on breach of statutory duty. The definition of negligence is set out in the judgment of Alderson B in Blyth v Bermingham Water Works Company (1856): "Negligence is the omission to do something which a reasonable man, guided upon those considerations which ordinarily regulate the conduct of human affairs, would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable man would not do." In order to succeed in a legal action, the claimant must show that: (1) he has been injured; (2) the injury was a direct consequence of risks to which he had been exposed to in the course of his work; and (3) the employer was in breach of his duty of care, that is, the claimant must prove that the risk to which hew was exposed was reasonably foreseeable and that it would have been reasonably practicable to circumvent the risk. In order to succeed on a breach of statutory duty, the claimant must prove the: (1) he belongs to the class of persons the statue is designed to protect; (2 the defendant was the person on whom the duty was imposes; (2) the defendant was in breach of the duty; and (4) the breach caused the damage. The remainder of the chapter provides a description of the legal issues concerning the torts of negligence and breach of statutory duty in relation to the claims for musculoskeletal disorder compensation. These legal issues are exemplified through case law concerning work-related musculoskeletal disorders affecting the back and upper limbs. Finally, the criteria that need to be addressed in a legal action are provided as a checklist for use by ergonomists and other professionals involved in litigation.


A chromatographic method for the quantitative and simultaneous determination of phenolic and mercapturic acid type metabolites of bromobenzene is presented. Acid hydrolysis (1.5 N HCI, 100°C, 10 min) yielded unconjugated bromophenols. After extraction (ethyl acetate, pH 2), evaporation to dry ness and dissolution in methanol, samples were analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a c18 reverse‐phase column and a phosphate buffer (0.1 M,pH 9 + 5 mM tetrabutylammonium dihydrogen phosphate) — acetonitrile gradient with ultraviolet detection (225 nm). Benzylmercapturic acid and o‐chlorophenol were used as internal standards. Using this method, it was possible to determine simultaneously o, m‐ and p‐bromophenols together with o‐, m‐ and p‐bromophenylmercapturic acids. Additional validation data were obtained by analysis of urine samples from rats treated with bromobenzene. This new method was compared to existing procedures.


Purpose: Incisional biopsy is still used to obtain material for a straightforward histological diagnosis in musculoskeletal lesions. The aim of our study was to evaluate 1) the percentage of diagnostic procedures, 2) diagnostic accuracy, and 3) the incidence of complications after imaging-guided percutaneous biopsy


The weather station of Naomaohu is located in the valley between the eastern Tianshan Mountains and Aertai Mountains in Xinjiang. This place is well acknowledged as the northwestern cold air pass, where was recorded more strong winds and sandstorms. Analysis on the relation of sandstorm in Naomaohu area and in the north of China during spring of 2000 showed that there was close relationship between climate in Naomaohu area and climate in the middle of northwestern China and the middle and west of Inner Mongolia; further, climate in Naomaohu area had obvious foreboding. So, the strong winds, sandstorm, daily maximum wind speed and the temporal variety of wind direction and velocity at Naomaohu station were the main reference indexes that forecast the sandstorm occurred in the middle of northwestern China and the middle and west of Inner Mongolia.


The MIT bag model for a meson composed of a heavy quark and a heavy antiquark is solved using the Born-Oppenheimer approximation. For fixed qq-bar separations the color-electric fields and bag shapes are determined by solving numerically the Yang-Mills equations with bag boundary conditions to lowest order in the quark-gluon coupling constant. Spin effects are not included. The resulting bag energy is used as a potential energy in the Schroedinger equation for the relative motion of the quarks. Good agreement with the experimental psi and UPSILON spectra and leptonic decay widths is found. When the same potential is applied to strange-quark systems, a consistent picture of the masses of the phi and F* mesons emerges. The relation between spectroscopy and the variation of the coupling constant with distance is explored.


Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is Background: an inherited enzymatic disorder associated with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and acute haemolysis after exposure to certain drugs or infections. The disorder can be diagnosed phenotypically with a fluorescent spot test (FST), which is a simple test that requires training and basic laboratory equipment. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic performances of the FST used on umbilical cord blood by locally-trained staff and to compare test results of the neonates at birth with the results after one month of age. : We conducted a cohort study on newborns at the Shoklo Malaria Methods Research Unit, along the Thai-Myanmar border between January 2015 and May 2016. The FST was performed at birth on the umbilical cord blood by locally-trained staff and quality controlled by specialised technicians at the central laboratory. The FST was repeated after one month of age. Genotyping for common local G6PD mutations was carried out for all discrepant results. FST was performed on 1521 umbilical cord blood samples. Results: Quality control and genotyping revealed 10 misdiagnoses. After quality control, 10.7% of the males (84/786) and 1.2% of the females (9/735) were phenotypically G6PD deficient at birth. The FST repeated at one month of age or later diagnosed 8 additional G6PD deficient infants who were phenotypically normal at birth. : This study shows the short-comings of the G6PD FST in Conclusions neonatal routine screening and highlights the importance of training and quality control. A more conservative interpretation of the FST in male newborns could increase the diagnostic performances. Quantitative 1,2 1 3


The number of international students pursuing postsecondary degrees in the United States has increased consistently over the past several years (Institute of International Education 2012, 2013). In fact, the most recent reportfor academic year 2012-13-indicates that compared to the previous academic year, the number of international students at u.s. colleges and universities increased by 7.2 percent, to more than 800,000. Students from China lead this global trend, accounting for 28.7 percent of all international postsecondary students in the United States. Moreover, the number of Chinese students studying in the United States continues to increase, as demonstrated by the sharp increase (21.4%) compared to the previous academic year (he 2012, 2013). All indications are that the number of Chinese students applying to u.s. colleges and universities will continue to increase, perhaps resulting in a need for enrollment professionals to examine current policies for relevance and fairness and to understand how students from China are preparing to enroll.The surge in numbers may be traced to Chinas historical and cultural emphasis on education, which has been augmented by the country's one child policy and an increasingly large middle class. Together, these factors have produced a generation of parents with not only the highest expectations for their sole offspring but also the resources to invest in an education they believe will help their children distinguish themselves from their peers. Many Chinese parents believe that a western education at an elite university will guarantee their children a bright future. Overseas degrees are highly valued in the Chinese job market, with u.s. degrees the most favored (Inside Higher Ed 2014). The increase in the number of Chinese applicants to U.S. universities-particularly elite and Ivy League universities-has resulted in intense competition among Chinese students.Yet the drastic increases in the number of Chinese college students at u.s. colleges and universities is not universally welcome. For example, there is evidence that some Americans believe that Chinese students displace u.s. students. The Chronicle of Higher Education reports that the increasing number of Chinese students has resulted in complaints that campuses have become "too Asian" (Ruse 2010). Some Americans also believe that many Chinese students cheat on tests and academic work (Winn 2012). These issues together have made the admission of Asian students-Chinese students, especially-increasingly controversial (Jiang 2011). Chinese high school students who dream of success must be even more competitive and must strive even more to distinguish themselves from their peers. (See Figure 1, a framework for understanding the nature of and the conflicts among "eastern dreams," Chinese students' need to distinguish themselves, and the perceptions of Asian students at western universities.)In an effort to distinguish themselves from their peers and turn their dreams of a u.s. education into reality, Chinese students pursue additional coursework, intensive English language training, and alternative educational pathways. This article describes the various pathways available to Chinese students who seek to prepare for a baccalaureate education in the United States. For each pathway, we provide a description, a synopsis of its current status, and an overview of related challenges.ALTERNATIVE PATHWAYSChinese students with eastern dreams must begin the process of distinguishing themselves from their peers long before they begin filling out college applications. In many cases, this process turns into a frenzy of additional training, classes, alternative college credits, and working with education agents. Although students may participate in a full array of strategies designed to "win" the college admissions race, the actual criteria or ways that these activities are evaluated have never been researched or documented. …


In Chapter 5, Janne Salminen, Senior Lecturer in law at the University of Turku, merges and builds upon the EMU and internal market analyses of Strupczewski, Lahti and Faull. Salminen shows how the crisis has been handled in many different ways, which illustrates the astounding ability of the EU's legal framework to react to crises, often even without revising the Treaties. The law on economic and fiscal coordination as amended stretches however the constitutional limits of the Treaties. Where the Lisbon Treaty no longer is capable of offering the prerequisite legal basis, international agreements are used as the legal framework instead. This technique is evident both in the field of stabilization mechanisms and in the field of economic and fiscal governance. These developments lead in Salminen's view nonetheless to issues of constitutionality, transparency and clarity. Institutionally speaking, the European Parliament's limited role is problematic, while the Council and the European Council have taken a central role at the European Union level in actively seeking solutions to the crisis. Undoubtedly, the new means of economic and fiscal governance that the crisis has triggered have also strengthened the powers of the European executive, the Commission. The role of the European Central Bank has also been growing, sometimes in somewhat unconventional ways.


A new booklet for the control of long-term antiepileptic treatment was developed in our hospital with the aim to improve the exchange of information among the various treating physicians. In addition to the check list names of drugs, recommended dosages and concentrations space is provided for the documentation of measured serum levels.


The classical Gleason-Kahane-Żelazko's Theorem gave rise to the so-called Kaplansky's problem. This theorem states that a linear functional φ on a complex Banach algebra A is multiplicative (and non-zero) if and only if φ(a) ∈ sp(a) (a ∈ A), where sp(a) denotes the spectrum of a. The so-called Kaplansky's problem is concerned with identifying the Jordan homomorphisms among all linear maps Φ : A → B between complex Banach algebras A and B in terms of spectra. To this end Kaplansky suggested to translate φ(a) ∈ sp(a) (a ∈ A) such that φ is a linear functional for a linear map Φ : A → B into the property of shrinking the spectrum, that is sp ( Φ(a) ) ⊂ sp(a) (a ∈ A), in the case of Banach algebras A and B. In the case of A and B being semisimple, let Φ : A → B be a surjective linear map with the property of preserving the spectrum, that is sp ( Φ(a) ) = sp(a) (a ∈ A), it is still an open problem as to whether or not Φ is a Jordan isomorphism from A onto B. There are a number of partial results in the literature regarding spectrum preserving maps that are surjective with respect to semisimple Banach algebras. In this dissertation, we explore four of these results. The first result shows that a surjective spectrum-preserving map between Von Neumann algebras is a Jordan homomorphism. The second result shows that a surjective spectra isometry between finite dimensional semisimple Banach algebras is a Jordan homomorphism. The third result shows that a bijective spectrum-preserving map Φ : A → B such that A= B(X) and B= B(Y) being algebras of all bounded maps defined on Banach spaces X and Y respectively is a Jordan homomorphism. The fourth result shows that a bijective almost multiplicative or anti-multiplicative map Φ : A → B such that it almost preserves the spectra, where A= B(X) and B= B(Y), being algebras of all bounded maps defined on superreflexive Banach spaces X and Y respectively, is a Jordan homomorphism. None of them answers the so-called Kaplansky's problem completely, but they are all motivating results with a view of accelerating the search for an eventual solution. However result four is stronger in implications than the rest.


The transmission channel is an electrical medium that bridges the distance from the source to the destination. It may be a pair of wires, a coaxial cable, a radio path, or an optical fiber. Every channel introduces some amount of transmission loss or attenuation and, therefore, the transmitted power progressively decreases with increasing distance. The signal is also distorted in the transmission channel because of different attenuation at different frequencies. Signals usually contain components at many frequencies and if some are attenuated and some are not, the shape of the signal changes. This change is known as distortion. Note that a transmission channel often includes many speech or data channels that are multiplexed into the same cable pair or fiber. In this paper we present the determination of maximum data rate of a telephone channel.


PURPOSE
To present a case of central island after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis and the treatment technique using Technolas 217 laser based on topography findings.

METHODS
Serial corneal topographies with Orbscan were taken and an ablation profile was generated with subsequent treatment using the phototherapeutic keratectomy mode and surface ablation technique.

RESULTS
Marked reduction was noted in the height of central island and the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/40 to 20/25.

CONCLUSIONS
Ablation profile based on corneal topography can provide a possible treatment option for patients with central island.


In this paper, we developed a human-interface system to specify the moving direction by recognition of beckon motion. In this system, the recognition of gesture is performed by using a color image processing system. The communication between persons are performed by using not only voice but also the gesture. In noisy environment, if machines can recognize the human gesture as a command, one operates the machine easily like making command to another person by his gesture. Then, we propose the communication method from human to machines by recognition of human gesture with a image processing system. This system make communication with machines as likely communication with another person. This system need no special environment, for example a data grove, data suit or a black background for monochrome image processing. This system requires operator only the to put on color grove which color is not included by his background.


Double-diffusive Marangoni convection in a rectangular cavity with horizontal temperature and concentration gradients is considered. Attention is restricted to the case where the opposing thermal and solutal Marangoni effects are of equal magnitude solutal to thermal Marangoni number ratio R =�1 . In this case a no-flow equilibrium solution exists and can remain stable up to a critical thermal Marangoni number. Linear stability analysis and direct numerical simulation show that this critical value corresponds to a supercritical Hopf bifurcation point, which leads the quiescent fluid directly into the oscillatory flow regime. Influences of the Lewis number Le, Prandtl number Pr, and the cavity aspect ratio A height/length on the onset of instability are systematically investigated and different modes of oscillation are obtained. The first mode is first destabilized and then stabilized. Sometimes it never gets onset. A physical illustration is provided to demonstrate the instability mechanism and to explain why the oscillatory flow after the onset of instability corresponds to countersense rotating vortices traveling from right to left in the present configuration, as obtained by direct numerical simulation. Finally the simultaneous existence of both steady and oscillatory flow regimes is shown. While the oscillatory flow arises from small disturbances, the steady flow, which has been described in the literature, is induced by finite amplitude disturbances. © 2010 American Institute of Physics. doi:10.1063/1.3333436


RATIONALE
Development of alleviating strategies, which enhance plant growth under heavy metal stress, is of significance.

OBJECTIVE
The effects of inorganic (zeolite) and organic (diethylene triamine penta acetic acid, DTPA) amendments on the alleviation of lead (Pb) stress in a calcareous soil was determined by investigating leaf nutrient uptake of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) plants.

METHODS
The experimental factors of lead (Pb) at 0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg soil, zeolite (clinoptilolite) at 0, 0.5 and 1%, and DTPA at 0, 50 and 100 mg/kg soil were tested in a factorial experiment with three replicates.

KEY RESULTS
According to the analysis of variance, Pb, zeolite, DTPA, and their interactions significantly affected plant concentrations of nitrogen (N), potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and lead (Pb). With increasing DTPA concentration at different levels of zeolite and Pb, the plant concentrations of macro- and micronutrients significantly increased. Increasing soil Pb increased leaf Pb concentration and decreased the uptake of N, K, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn. Although with increasing Pb concentration the uptake of macro- and micronutrients decreased by tomato, the use of zeolite and DTPA alleviated the stress by increasing nutrient uptake compared to the control. Interestingly, however, the increased levels of zeolite and DTPA showed a decreased uptake of nutrients by plant (compared with control), indicating the absorption of such nutrients by the two amendments and their partial release for further plant use.

MAIN CONCLUSION
The use of zeolite and DTPA may alleviate the negative effects of soil Pb on tomato growth by decreasing nutrient leaching and increasing plant nutrient uptake.


Tourists' interest in death, disaster and atrocity places, so called dark tourism, is a growing phenomenon in contemporary risk society. This study was to explore socio-cultural background of the dark tourism in contemporary risk society and classify the types of dark tourism. Review of related literature showed that the term of 'dark tourism' was first coined by Foley & Lennon(1996a) in a special issue of the international Journal of Heritage Studies and, subsequently, it became the title of a book. Literature review also suggested that dark tourism posit questions or introduce anxiety and doubt about modernity and that it was affected by mass communication media. Based on Sharpley(2005), four different types of dark tourism(i.e., pale tourism, grey tourism supply, grey tourism demand, black tourism) were also presented. Finally, future research direction on dark tourism were discussed.


natural populations were selected in the main distribution regions of Popu-lus
davidiana and 15 trees were sampled randomly from each population. One increment corewas
removed from each sampled tree at breast height for testing wood quality characteristics. The
result shows that variations of wood specific gravity and fiber length of inter-tree
amongpopulations are both significant at 0.01 level.Mean and extreme deviation of wood
specificgravity and fiber length are 0.432 1g/cm3,0.066 2g/cm3,1.077 5 mm,0.265 l mm re-
spectively.A gradient variation pattern of wood density has been found among the popula-tions,
but that of fiber length not.Repeatability rate of wood density and fiber length of thepopuiation
and individual tree are,and of inter- population among annual ring group are
differentslightly.Genetic correlation of wood ×growth is lower, which interprets that genetic
im-provement of both wood and growth can be carried out synchronizedly.


Bouda 1., 1. Doubek. M. Medina-Cruz. L. Paasch M., E. Candanosa A., R. Dvorak, V. Soska: Pathophysiology of Severe Diarrhoea and Suggested Intravenous Fluid Therapy in Calves of Different Ages under Field Conditions. Acta vet. Bmo 1997, 66: 87-94. Selected clinical and biochemical variables were studied in 2 groups of severely dehydrated. diarrhoeic calves before and after fluid therapy. Group 1 (n = 10) included calves aged 2 to 7 d, Group 2 (n = 9) calves aged 8 to 14 d. Clinical examination and blood sampling for biochemical and haematological analyses were performed in each animal before and after fluid therapy. Samples of faeces for microbiological examination were taken before intravenous (IV) rehydration. Solutions used for IV rehydration contained salts of NaC!, NaHC03, KCI and glucose in different quantities for calves in Groups 1 and 2. These rehydration solutions were infused IV at a volume of 41 to each calf during 3 hours and then followed by oral rehydration. In Group 1, rotavirus in faeces was diagnosed in 50.0 % of all calves; combined infectious agents rotavirus and Cryptosporidillm spp. occurred in 10.0 %, none of the calves had in faeces coronavirus, enterotoxigenic E. coli K99 and Salmonella spp.; that means in 40% of calves of this group no infectious agents were isolated. In Group 2, coronavirus was found in 11.1 %, combined infectious agents rota virus and Cryptosporidiwn spp. were diagnosed in 55.5%. none of the calves had enterotoxigenic E. coli K99 or Salmonella spp in faeces. Before IV rehydration diarrhoeic calves in Group 2 presented mean blood values of pH 7.12, base excess (BE) -14.72 mmolll, standard bicarbonate (SB) 9.86 mmolll which were significantly lower (P<O.OS) than in calves in Group 1 before IV rehydration, where pH was 7.16. BE -11.68 mmolll and SB 12.S4 mmolli. In both groups of calves before IV rehydration these low values of blood pH. BE. SB and normal value of pCO,. corresponded to partially compensated metabolic acidosis. The differences in blood values of pH, BE. SB. PCV. urea and K in both groups before and after rehydration were significant (P < 0.(1). The metabolic acidosis together with hyperkalemia, prerenal uremia and haemoconcentration were restored after fluid therapy. Rehydration was successful in 79.0 % of all diarrhoeic calves. Calves aged 8 d or older suffering from severe diarrhoea needed more bicarbonate for IV rehydration than diarrhoeic calves younger than 8 d. The suggested composition and volume of solutions for IV rehydration used in this study simplify fluid therapy in severely diarrhoeic calves of different ages in lateral or sternal recumbency without suckling reflex and under field conditions. Neonatal diarrhoea, dehydration. metaholic acidosis, hyperkalemia, uremia, packed cell volullle, fluid therapy, calf


This paper focuses on William James' approach to the study of religious experience and its functional meaning. Religious experience, as any other kind of experience, belongs to the realm of Psychology, and therefore should be included within a pragmatic epistemology that which focus on the meaning of experience related to action.


We analyze the problem of simultaneous estimation and support recovery of the coefficient vector (β∗) in a linear data model with independent and identically distributed Gaussian errors. We study the problem of estimating the model coefficients based on a recently proposed non-convex regularizer, namely the stochastic gates (STG) [YLNK20]. Considering Gaussian design matrices, we show that under reasonable conditions on dimension and sparsity of β∗, the STG-based estimator converges to the true data generating coefficient vector and also detects its support-set with high probability. We propose a new projection-based algorithm that improves upon the existing STG estimator and enjoys theoretical guarantees. Our new procedure outperforms many classical estimators for support recovery in synthetic data analysis.


Police power is the guarantee of contemporary civilized social order,hence is an indispensable factor to ensure community development and progress,consequently,whose state of police power is a symbol of rule of law and civilization.In modern countries,it is police power the public power most intimately associated with citizens and the primary characteristic of police power is to restrict liberty.Within certain scope of conditions,the inverse proportion relationship between police power and civil right means that the expansion of the former will result to the shrink of the later and of course,the abuse of police power must affect citizenship seriously.Therefore,the implementation of power has to submit to the legal regulation.Moreover,as the implementation of police power will directly place some impact on human liberty and property and relate to other important aspects of the masses of people-including life safety and vital interests-thus,in order for preventing abuse police power,also for regulating the police administration,we are obliged to strengthen the police power to a full range of legal regulations.


United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) scores are the single, most objective criteria for admission into residency programs in the country. Underrepresented minorities in medicine (URiM) are found to have lower USMLE scores compared to their White counterparts. The objective of this study is to examine how USMLE step 1 cutoff scores may exclude self‐reported URiM from the residency interview process across various specialties.


Synthesis yields of organic reactions are one of the most important factors in ranking synthesis routes created by synthesis route design systems such as Transform-Oriented Synthesis Planning and Knowledge base-Oriented Synthesis Planning. If it is possible to predict the yields of synthesis reactions before starting experiments, one can easily determine an order of synthesis routes for experimental works. In the present study, the reaction profiles of the Curtius rearrangement with different substituents were calculated to generate an equation predicting experimental yields of this reaction. Reactions followed by the formation of isocyanates were also analyzed to consider the relationship between reaction times and experimental yields. A partial least squares (PLS) regression was used to correlate the experimental yields with the calculated activation energies, Ea(calc), together with experimental conditions such as dielectric constants of solvents, reaction times, and reaction temperatures as explanatory variables. Although the PLS regression using all the data gave very poor results, we succeeded in making a model equation with R2 = 0.887 using a modified data set. However, there is a conflict between the predictability and the interpretability on the reaction time. This discrepancy mainly comes from unnecessarily long reaction times in the experiments for azides with calculated Ea values of less than 33 kcal mol–1. To construct a good model equation for the experimental yields of the Curtius reaction, we have to use data sets obtained from within 90 min of the reaction for the PLS regression. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Submitted for the MAR08 Meeting of The American Physical Society Ferromagnetic Josephson Junctions1 TRUPTI KHAIRE, WILLIAM PRATT, NORMAN BIRGE, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824 — Superconducting correlations cannot penetrate into a ferromagnet over a large distance due to the pair breaking effect of the exchange field. Ferromagnet/Superconductor (F/S) systems are often studied using weak ferromagnetic alloys with smaller exchange energy and correspondingly larger penetration depth. We are studying S/F/S junctions using the weak ferromagnetic alloy, CuNi [1]. The samples are fabricated by sputtering the S/F/S trilayer onto a Si substrate; they are subsequently patterned using trilayer photolithography and ion milling to obtain pillars of 50 micron diameter. Measurements performed on these pillars at 4K show the Josephson effect with the expected modulation of the critical current as a function of applied magnetic field. Because spin-flip scattering and spin-orbit scattering are strong in weak ferromagnetic alloys such as CuNi, there is an incentive to work with strong ferromagnets. The results from our CuNi data confirm the robustness of the sample fabrication technique and pave the way to future studies of Josephson junctions with strong ferromagnets such as Ni. [1] V. A. Oboznov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 197003 (2006) 1This work is supported by US-DOE grant, DE-FG02-06ER46341. Trupti Khaire Michigan State University Date submitted: 30 Nov 2007 Electronic form version 1.4


A pre-mixed charge suitable for compression ignition combustion can be achieved by fuel injection (or fumigation) upstream of the intake valves or by direct injection of fuel into the combustion chamber. These strategies differ in the time available for mixing and in the degree of mixture homogeneity that is achieved at the time of combustion. The choice of fuel introduction strategy also has a profound effect on the required properties of the fuel and on the methods available for controlling the combustion phasing and heat release rate. This paper examines the use of port fuel injection (PFI) and direct fuel injection (DI) for HCCI combustion, as well as the relative benefits and disadvantages of each strategy. The arguments presented in this paper are drawn form the experiences of Southwest Research Institute at operating HCCI engines, as well as from the results reported by other research groups.


A comparison of yield and quality of napier Taiwan A25 ( Pennisetum purpureum ) intercropped with four different legume species ( Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Leucaena leucocephala and Sesbania luteola) was carried out at the National Corn and Sorghum Reseaech Center, Pakchong district, Nakornratchasima, Thailand, over a 12-month period. The objective was to determine the optimal combination of legume species and the proportion of grass/legume in napier fodder banks in Thailand. The design of the experiment was a split plot with legume species as the main plot and the ratio between rows of grass and legume (1 : 1, 1 : 2 and 1 : 4) as sub ‐ plot. The results showed that crotalaria produced the highest total dry matter yield followed by leucaena, pigeon pea and sesbania. Grass yield was highest in the crotalaria plots and lowest in the leucaena plots. Thus, the total dry matter yield (grass + legume) was highest in the crotalaria plots and lowest in the leucaena plots. However, sesbania and crotalaria produced substantial yields only during the first two cuts with yields declining dramatically. Increasing the ratio between grass and legume resulted in a greater legume yield. The recommendation for the ratio between grass and legume was 1 : 2 (1 row grass : 2 rows legume).


The research described in this publication was carried out by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. © 2016. All rights reserved. abstract. — Antenna structures for the Deep Space Network track spacecraft that are millions of miles away. Therefore, these structures have tight specifications for translation, rotation, and differential settlement. This article presents several nondestructive test methods that were used to evaluate, locate, and repair imperfections in the reinforced concrete pedestal that supports the DSS-35 antenna structure. These methods include: (1) impulse response (IR), (2) ultrasonic shear-wave tomography (MIRA), and (3) ground-penetrating radar (GPR).


ABSTRACT This article examines the effect of outbound FDI on labour market volatility and, thereby, on economic insecurity in home countries of FDI distinguishing between greenfield FDI (GFDI) and cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&A). Using the data up to 94 countries during the period 2003–2019, we find that outward GFDI stimulate economic insecurity by increasing volatility of employment. Cross-border M&A purchases, however, decrease the labour market volatility measured both in terms of volatility of employment and hours worked.


Reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers were used in a downstream extender for G-PON and XG-PON applications. The performance of the R-SOA extender was demonstrated in a PON test bed using 1:64 splitter and 64.5 km reach.