of which appears above. Dr. H. F. Campbell, of Georgia, asked if the writer recognized traumatic fever in wounds not antiseptically treated. Dr. Watson replied that he had divided them into septic and non-septic. Dr. Campbell appreciated the fact that traumatic fever may arise independent of septic absorption. He cited as an example the introduction of a catheter. If the patient is of a highly ner vous temperament, and the day is inclement, he has often noticed a rise of temperature of an intermittent character, marked by a rise in the forenoon and a decline in the afternoon; this fever also is recurrent. He called this traumatic; others defined it urethral. He saw in such cases an intimate relation between the wound and brain through nerves of the wounded part, and must think this reflex action through the spine, in some way a factor of this fever. He has not extensively used antiseptics, but wished to call attention to his treatment of patients after operation. In his section—and he thought it applied to most malarial sections— he has noticed that quinine, after an operation, almost invariably cut short the fever. He was so much impressed with its value that he never neglects to use it after operations. Regarding its use before an operation to prevent shock, etc., as practiced by Dr. Hunter McGuire, he knew but little, but felt warranted in advising its use after an operation. Dr. Nancrede, of Philadelphia, spoke of the use of antisep tics. Dr. Alfred Post, of New York, called attention to the plan of Professor Markoe, and thought it superior to that practiced by Lister. After trying both plans, he preferred Markoe's. Dr. Quimby, of Jersey City, also spoke in favor of Markoe's plan. He had seen Listerism practiced by Lister in his own hos pitals, ■without seeing better results than Markoe's afforded. Dr. Charles A. Leale, of New York, read an original paper on labial carbuncle or malignant pustule of the lip, giving the eti ology of the malady, and showing from the writings of Billroth, Paget, Gross, Parker, and others, the extremely fatal nature of the disease, and with what solicitude they treated a patient so afflicted. Dr. Leale described the anatomical relation of the blood-vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and structures, in which carbuncle usually appears, and the modus operandi by which the septic or purulent matter affects the contiguous lymphatics and veins, causing metastatic adenitis, phlebites, and frequently gan grene, ending in death by asthenia or heart-clot. Dr. C. A. Leale's method of treatment of labial carbuncle, is to examine thoroughly the extent of the subcutaneous induration by the tactus eruditus, bearing in mind the location of the arteria septi nasi, as it passes down near the border of the lip to join the superior coronary artery avoiding each, make a free incision out wards and downwards along the course of the fibers of the obicularis oris muscle extending the cut each wav in a line until all the diseased tissue has been passed, taking care not to go through the mucous membrane lining the lip, to which extent the disease rarely extends. Dr. Leale then, with a fine piece of ivory or wood, with its ends covered with cotton, thoroughly applies to all the diseased parts and cut surface, the chemically pure nitric acid; this is pressed with sufficient force into all the diseased parts, so that every little pocket of pus is reached, and the inter vening membranes destroyed, which would otherwise be left to slough off and continue the septic or purulent infection. Dr. Leale stated that by this time the nervous and constitutional systems are very much depressed, and for the relief of the fever pain, he gives morphia pro re nata. and to overcome the blood poisoning, whisky is given liberally, largely diluted with water. Dr. Leale stated that on some occasions he has had to apply the acid on the second or third day, or until all the poison has been rendered inert. His subsequent treatment is by the open wound method, applying unguentum balsam Peru, lightly smeared on lint, and giving the patient the most nutritious diet and restorative tonics. Dr. Leale claims that by this treatment all the little canals making the cut surface appear like a sieve are reached, and that the entire poisonous'mass is kept within circumscribed boundaries, and the absorbed poisons by sustaining the system are eliminated. In the early part of the treatment, a full dose of sulphate of magnesia, largely diluted in water, is given. As a rule, it will be found that on the third or fourth days after the incision and the first application of the acid, all danger will have subsided and the convalescence will steadily progress. But, in some instances, we may have acute mania from cerebral meningitis or erysipelas; the former to be treated by large hypodermic injections of morphia, and the latter, when possible, to be relieved by cooling lotions of lead and opium. Recapitulation.—Carbuncle of the lip or malignant pustule of the lip has, by the usually recommended modes of treatment, proved fatal in a very large proportion of cases, even in healthy, strong and vigorous adults, and is, therefore, a much dreaded malady. The cause of the failure, in Dr. Leale's opinion, is that, by the usual method of treatment, only a portion of the diseased mass is reached, and consequently the remaining impris oned materies morbi cannot be eliminated, nor can any local application reach the disease. Dr. Alfred C. Post, of New York, stated that the subject was a most important one, and was very much pleased with the paper of Dr. Leale. Dr. Post thought that when we see patients early with malignant pustule a large proportion can be saved. He usually operated by cutting through the vermillion border of the lip. Resolved, That the President of the Surgical Section appoint a committee of three, to select six subjects for presentation and discussion, at the meeting of the Section in 1882, assigning each subject to a gentleman, who shall, by the reading of a paper, or otherwise, introduce his subject for discussion. Correction.—Dr. Hutchison advocated, and did not, as was stated in yesterday's report, oppose the use of Dr. Sayre's method of treating spinal curvatures. He only mentioned its liability to cause hernia. He uses the cast frequently.


The coconut crisp brings texture and heat to this simple stewy dish. Make a double or triple batch and use it as a topping for savory oatmeal, hearty ...


Objectives: Prior studies investigating hospital mechanical ventilation volume-outcome associations have had conflicting findings. Volume-outcome relationships within contemporary mechanical ventilation practices are unclear. We sought to determine associations between hospital mechanical ventilation volume and patient outcomes. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: The California Patient Discharge Database 2016. Patients: Adult nonsurgical patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Interventions: The primary outcome was hospital death with secondary outcomes of tracheostomy and 30-day readmission. We used multivariable generalized estimating equations to determine the association between patient outcomes and hospital mechanical ventilation volume quartile. Measurements and Main Results: We identified 51,689 patients across 274 hospitals who required mechanical ventilation in California in 2016. 38.2% of patients died in the hospital with 4.4% receiving a tracheostomy. Among survivors, 29.5% required readmission within 30 days of discharge. Patients admitted to high versus low volume hospitals had higher odds of death (quartile 4 vs quartile 1 adjusted odds ratio, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.17–1.68) and tracheostomy (quartile 4 vs quartile 1 adjusted odds ratio, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.21–2.06). However, odds of 30-day readmission among survivors was lower at high versus low volume hospitals (quartile 4 vs quartile 1 adjusted odds ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.67–0.89). Higher hospital mechanical ventilation volume was weakly correlated with higher hospital risk-adjusted mortality rates (&rgr; = 0.16; p = 0.008). These moderately strong observations were supported by multiple sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Contrary to previous studies, we observed worse patient outcomes at higher mechanical ventilation volume hospitals. In the setting of increasing use of mechanical ventilation and changes in mechanical ventilation practices, multiple mechanisms of worse outcomes including resource strain are possible. Future studies investigating differences in processes of care between high and low volume hospitals are necessary.


There is at present considerable interest in the newer forms of penicillin which ha^ been introduced since the isolation of the penicillin nucleus 6-amino penicillanic in 1959 made possible, by substitution of differing side chains, the production of 3 whole range of new penicillin compounds. This trial was designed to compare the clinical effectiveness of two of these, phenethicillin and propicillin with crystalHne penicillin G given by injection. The antibiotic spectra of all three penicillins are con1' parable though not identical. Propicillin is also known as P.A. 248 (Ultrapen) and B.R.L. 284 (Brocillin). ^ts chemical name is alpha phenoxypropyl penicillin potassium. Studies by Williams011 et al. (1961) have shown it to be better absorbed after oral administration tha11 phenethicillin or penicillin V, and they considered it to be the drug of choice in strep*0' coccal infections. For penicillin-sensitive staphylococci all three were equally effective but against penicillin-resistant staphylococci propicillin was shown to be more effective in vitro, and since it gives the highest blood levels, it "was felt that it would be leaS likely of the oral penicillins to permit the emergence of penicillin-resistant staphyl0' cocci. Jackson and Rao (1961) also showed that propicillin owed its effectiveness against penicillin-resistant staphylococci to its greater resistance to the hydrolytlC effect of staphylococcal penicillinase on the penicillin molecule. Propicillin is acti^e in the presence of protein, is non-toxic and apparently no more likely than other penicillins to produce hypersensitivity reactions. In addition it is acid-stable, pr?' ducing adequate serum levels after oral administration, and its activity against Grain' positive cocci is comparable to penicillin V and phenethicillin. It is not effective agains Gram-negative bacteria (Knox, 1962). ,


The workers in the PT.X construction project have high work hazards and risks, especially in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Because construction projects are projects that must continue, the risk of workers being exposed to COVID-19 is high. If there are workers who are exposed to COVID-19, then directly or indirectly the work carried out by the worker will be replaced/backed up by his co-workers. So this can cause fatigue in construction workers. Work fatigue is one of the causes of work accidents. Fatigue can reduce the concentration of workers, reduce decision-making abilities, reduce work/muscle strength, communication skills, productivity, alertness and physical and mental performance and reduce work motivation. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Covid-19 on worker fatigue in the Company. The population in this study were 353 workers at PT.X with inclusion criteria being workers who worked overtime and who replaced their colleagues' work in the last 1 month and exclusion criteria were workers who never worked overtime and replaced their co-workers as many as 55 workers were analyzed univariately and bivariately with simple linear regression analysis model. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic had an effect on fatigue among workers at PT X. A significant variable was the age of workers, who worked > 8 hours a day, length of work > 5 years and less rest time, causing fatigue to worker.
Keywords: Covid-19, Fatigue, Workers


A novel effect, the magnetic analog of the transverse Pockels effect (MATPE), is calculated theoretically in a phenomenological approach for transparent crystals. The linearly polarized probe beam on traversal of the crystal under the action of a magnetic field B/sup 0/ exhibits elliptical polarization, proportional to the first power of B/sup 0/ and also to the axial third-rank tensor /sub e//sup (1)/..cap alpha../sub e(ij)k//sup (1)/(..omega..) of linear magnetic variations in the electric permeability antisymmetric with respect to time inversion and symmetric in its first two indices. Applying group-theoretical methods involving time-inversion arguments, we show that the effect occurs only in magnetic-symmetry classes and is most easily observable in the Voigt setup (B/sup 0/ at right angles to the propagation direction of the probe beam) in transparent centrosymmetric antiferromagnetic crystals. The most suitable setup for experimental observations of MATPE is that with the linearly polarized beam propagating along the optical axis of antiferromagnetic crystals with the symmetries 3-barm, 6/m, and 6/mmm.


We study numerical schemes for some semilinear hyperbolic systems. We want to insure convergence and to be able to detect blow up phenomena. We construct finite difference schemes and define a maximal convergence time which is proved to coincide with the maximal existence time of the continuous solution. Numerical experiments are presented.


Response surfaces (RS) are useful and simple proxies to simulators, which relate in a closed form output variables (oil recovery factor, oil rate, etc.) of a simulator to input parameters over the entire parameter space. These proxies can then be used to compute production forecast uncertainty profiles with Monte Carlo calculation, instead of relying on time consuming reservoir simulation. Typically, design of experiment (DOE) and response surface methodologies (RSM) are used to both identify statistically significant factors and to generate RS. RS are usually low order polynomials, which are generated by using the regression method. These methodologies work well if response surfaces are smooth with weak non-linearity. However, when these polynomials fail to meet reasonable accuracy criteria, adding more points to the design will only marginally improve RS accuracy. Response surface methodology can be adapted for such cases by using interpolation methods (Kriging, Spline, etc.) instead of regression method. But, most interpolation methods tend to smooth out non-linearity. These interpolated proxies can become substantially inaccurate, if: 1. Non-linear effects are very strong; 2. The non-linearity is not uniformly distributed throughout the parameter space. In this paper, we introduce a novel RSM and its supporting DOE methodology to construct response surfaces as proxies of a simulator when input factors of the simulator such as faults cause strong non-linear effects. These methodologies are used to generate RS of arbitrary shapes by iteratively interpolating on a multilevel grid in the experimental space, which allows the local subdivision of the parameter domain. New partitions and interpolation points are added adaptively in the selected parameters regions, if local errors of the constructed response surface exceed a pre-selected threshold. The art of these methodologies consists in: 1. Splitting the whole domain into sub-domains of multiple scale levels, where the components of a RS can be accurately modeled with 'thin plate' spline interpolants. The resultant RS is obtained by combining its global and local components. 2. Achieving adequate RS accuracy with the minimum number of simulation runs. We modify the SPE9 Benchmark problem to investigate the method's validity and efficiency. We compare it with traditional DOE and RSM methodologies. Finally, we perform Monte Carlo simulation using the RS proxies to assess uncertainty of the production forecasts. Results show that the presented methodologies work accurately and efficiently for problems with strongly non-linear effects, especially when the non-linear effects are non-uniformly distributed.


In this paper, we firstly discuss the principlesand architectures of traditional search engines, pointing out defects ofthem. Then, introduce the definition, operation principle, category and development trend of meta search engine. Based onthat, we put forward a new improved user-orientedmeta search engine. The results of experiments show this improved enginecanenhance search efficiency and quality.


The effect of water hardness on fertilisation and hatching of eggs of Heterobranchus longifilis Valenciennes, 1840 and Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) was studied. Eggs were obtained from five artificially-induced females of each species. Milt from five male C. gariepinus was suspended in 5 mL physiological saline and mixed with 100 g eggs from a homogenised egg mass from five individuals of each species. Two mL aliquots containing 294±4 and 274±8 C. gariepinus and H. longifilis eggs respectively were incubated at 27 o C in groups of quadruplicate troughs containing water of 20, 80, 160, 300 mg . L -1 CaCO 3 , and control dilution medium of 8 mg . L -1 CaCO 3 total hardness. Fertilisation and hatching rates were compared between species using a t-test. Effect of hardness on the variables was determined using the ANOVA. Water hardness level did not significantly affect fertilisation rate of C. gariepinus eggs (p>0.05), while H. longifilis eggs were significantly affected (p<0.0008), showing significantly higher rates in control medium (68±4%) (p<0.05). Water hardness significantly affected hatching of C. gariepinus (p<0.0017) and H. longifilis (p<0.0006) eggs. Hatching of all eggs was lowest in media of 300 mg . L -1 CaCO 3 total hardness. Clarias gariepinus eggs showed a higher tolerance for hardness than H. longifilis eggs, which showed preference for soft water.


Purpose: Investigation of the causes and risk factors of amblyopia which is the most important cause of legal blindness with a prevalance of 2,5% among people under 45 years old in developed countries. Material and Methods: A screening test was performed to 3-6 years old preschool children and kindergartens in Ankara. The records included age, sex, birth problems, education level of the parents, pre and postnatal problems, family history and visual acuities. Suspected cases were sent to the ophthalmologist for the examination of visual acuity, and duction and version, biomicroscopic, ophthalmoscopic and cycloplegic refractive examinations. Visual acuity of 8/10 or less without any organic cause was accepted as amblyopia. Results: Fifty six of the 202 children were sent to the ophthalmologist because of low vision. Ophthalmologic examination revealed 6 amblyopia cases. The prevalance of amblyopia was 2,97%. Conclusion: Ambliyopia was 3 times more frequent in cases with a positive family history compared with cases without a family history. But this value was statistically insignificant. The most frequent causes of amblyopia were esotropia (50%), hypermetropic amblyopia (33,3%), and deprivation amblyopia (16,6%).


In this paper, existence of an L-solution for 2DIEs (Two Dimensional Integral Equations) of the Hammerstein type is discussed. The main tools in this discussion are Schaefer's and Schauder's fixed point theorems with a general version of Gronwall's inequality.


We present a case of a 39-year-old woman, who was brought into the Emergency Department at Royal Darwin Hospital post motor vehicle accident. She was the restrained front seat passenger in a front impact collision at 120 kph, with airbags deployed. Her only significant surgical history was a Caesarean section 5 years ago and post-partum diastasis rectus abdominus (DRA), for which she had been receiving ongoing physiotherapy since childbirth. Secondary survey revealed a tender right chest wall and a healed Pfannenstiel scar, with a seatbelt sign and large midline hernia (Fig. 1(a) and b). Computed tomography pan-scan showed fractured right 9th and 10th ribs as well as an infraumbilical hernia containing transverse colon with acute haemorrhage around the hernia defect (Fig. 2(a) and b). The CT also highlighted her previous DRA with inferior slices showing significant widening of the linea alba (Fig. 3). The patient denied any pre-existing abdominal wall hernias prior to her accident.


Single-crystal-like nickel films electrodeposited on copper single crystals were examined by electron diffraction and electron microscopy after films were detached from the substrates. The twin structure in the films which has so far been observed only through diffraction patterns revealed themselves in electron micrographs. In films deposited on electropolished surfaces well marked {111} twin lamellae were observed and their directions satisfied the crystallographical relation. They were scatteringly located and their width ranged from less than 100 A to several thousand A. They grew up sometimes to be more than 10 µ in length. In films deposited on etched surfaces, on the other hand, such a coarse twin structure was hardly found and the finer one took place. The finer twins were in general 100 A or less in width and were finely spaced at intervals somewhat larger than the width. The above results were obtained in films deposited on (110) and (001) faces of copper. Films deposited on surfaces with higher...


The optical absorption of single layer graphene is 2.3% and almost flat in wide range of wavelengths, therefore touch screen and light emitting devices using graphene transparent conductive films are demonstrated [1,2]. On the other hand, low reflectance applications used graphene nanostructures, which are made from graphite by plasma etching, are proposed [3]. The reported optical properties of the fabricated graphene nanostructures are almost the same as the data of single wall carbon nanotube (SW-CNT) forest [4]. Thus, it is considered that the graphene is one of the most appropriate wide range of low reflectance materials which can improve sensitivity and resolution of microscopies, spectrometers and telescopes. The reported graphene nanostructures and SWCNT forests are fabricated at the temperature range over 600oC. Such a high temperatures to form the structures prevent from forming these carbon structures on various substrates. Therefore, decreasing of temperatures to form carbon nanostructure is one of the issues to be solved toward practical applications. In our previous study, it was reported that graphene was deposed at low temperature (about 300oC) on large area using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition. We report about deposition of vertically aligned graphene sheets on Cu foils by surface wave microwave plasma CVD, and optical properties of these sheets characterized after transferring from a Cu foil to a quartz substrate, which enables us to evaluate reflectance and transmittance of the inherent vertically aligned graphene sheets.


Students learn about relationships, form social groups, and interact with peers in and through visual culture. This chapter is a discussion of the range of visual arts learning, from the development of art skills and concepts to learning about social aspects of art and design, that occurs in visual culture learning communities and the particular conditions and effects of visual culture that support niche communities tied to adolescents' and young adults' artistic and social interests. In this chapter, the author theorizes about ways that visual culture supports online niche communities and characteristics of art and design education that sustain communal life.


The elements on the main diagonal of a tridiagonal determinant and the elements on the first sub-diagonal above and below the main diagonal are not all zero, and the other elements are all zero, which is called a tridiagonal determinant. The characteristic of the tridiagonal determinant is that the whole structure remains unchanged after reducing one dimension. The calculation methods of tridiagonal determinant include elimination method, expansion recursion method and mathematical induction method.


Practice has shown that reservoir prediction is the key to the description of Suining Formation gas reser-voir in Luodai gas field, Sichuan province, and the predicted reservoirs basically coincided with gas enrichmentzone. The Suining Formation is of lacustrine facies, and reservoirs are interbedded sands and mudstones with rel-atively high wave impedance. Effective reservoirs were hard to predict because they are relatively thin, and low inwave impedance contrast. The characteristics of low frequency and high amplitude of the reservoirs revealed thatbright spot prediction is a useful technique, but potential pitfalls may stem from the careless use of the bright spotprediction. Analysis of seismic facies and sequence stratigraphic characteristics provides an applicable approach.With 3-D visualization techniques, the gas reservoir of the segment one of Suining Formation was delineated, andthe extent of the gas reservoir of the segment two of Suining Formation was inferred.


In the twenty-first century, all the organizations are affected directly or indirectly by the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT's). The development of good ICT implantation projects is extremely important for a company to remain competitive in the market. In this context, the objective of this article is to analyze the importance of an economic viability analysis as a support tool for decision making in ICT implantation projects for micro and small enterprises of the food industry, and also to show how important the supply chain integration is in this section, and how the ICT's can help this integration. To achieve this objective, a case study was conducted in order to support the comprehension about the importance of the economic viability analysis as a tool to evaluate ICT implantation projects, so that investments will not only be guided by the intuition of decision makers.


In this paper, a mathematical model of photovoltaic power station is established in the EMTP environment to present the distribution of induced voltage on photovoltaic panels caused by lightning strikes on high buildings. The transient calculation results proves that, when lightning strikes the lightning rod of a photovoltaic power station or other towering buildings, the lightning current passes through the soil to the grounding system of the photovoltaic panel frame, which can generate a higher overvoltage on the photovoltaic panel and its frame, on the order of kilovolts. Therefore, to limit this overvoltage, this work proposes feasible lightning protection measures for the overvoltage problem. The installation of lightning arresters is one of the most common measures to protect electrical equipment from overvoltage hazards. In addition, another measure is to reduce the grounding resistance and artificially reduce the soil resistivity, thereby reducing the damage of the ground potential to the PV equipment insulation. From the simulation results and the VI characteristics of lightning arrester, the transient voltage is limited to reach the BS 60950 standard. The results show that the correct lightning protection measures will help reduce the damage of lightning strikes to the PV system.


The objective of this study was to determine influence of survey quadrats size on spatial heterogeneity of meadow grassland in north China. An integrative approach was used based on field survey method that the sample line combined with sample quadrat to analyze the vegetation heterogeneity characteristics of Stipa + Leymus Mss. steppe in Hulunbeier grassland. Results showed that: perennial plants, C3 plants, and cluster grass plants were dominant communities in Hulunbeier grassland under different functional classification. And species richness of them were accounted for the total species richness of more than 86%, 90% and 23.4%, respectively. Despite the species richness of bunch grass plants was little in the functional composition classification, the above ground biomass was accounted for a larger proportion of 50.2%. From the spatial heterogeneity characteristics of Stipa+Leymus Mss. steppe, 6m2 is the turning point of the spatial heterogeneity of total species richness, species richness of perennial plant, cluster plant and C3 plant. That's because when the quadrat size is less than 6m2, the spatial heterogeneity of the total species richness, species richness of perennial plant, cluster plant and C3 plant were changed significantly with the quadrat size changed, and when the quadrat size is larger than that of 6m2, its spatial heterogeneity becomes small. The above analysis shows that in the field survey of Stipa+Leymus Mss. steppe, the quadrat size used in the survey should be not less than 6m2, for the summary vegetation information of quadrat size with 6m2 can describe the general characteristics of vegetation investigation well.


Present study was conducted in the dry Sal forest at Pandowala, situated in Ramgarh Forest Range of Rajaji National Park. The results of the study reveal that (1) demographic dispersal of species has not changed much in all the three layers viz. tree, shrub and herb, (2) Sal forest at Phandowala is experiencing significant changes in the species richness, species diversity and concentration of dominance and (3) the conversion rate of Sal seedlings to saplings is nil, which means no regeneration of Sal.


In the Aesthetic research of landscape morphology,we often come with an unavoidable question,i.e.,how to appreciate and express the landscape.Landscape paintings,which can communicate with us in ideas,are the direct medium to the expression of feeling and description of certain concerts, though soundless.The writer here discusses the artistic philosophy aesthetically by comparison the Western landscape painters with the Eastern ones in order to argue a complete understanding of how different landscape concepts have influence on the artistic trend.


The paper is devoted to the analysis of the Norbert Elias' theory through optics the paradigmal and methodological opportunities of sociology of knowledge. The concept of a civilization is analyzed as the concept of formation of the adult whereas the concept of the adult (and contradictoral concept of child) is considered as ontologic, historical and relative, contrary to his dominating consideration as absolute and extrahistorical. The author argues an opportunity and relevance of expansion of space of application both Elias's theory, and categorial couple «adult – child» for a research of social, and also appreciably knowledge nature of the concept output with this way. Thereby adult and child becomes subject of sociology of knowledge consideration and, moreover, - the important instrument of conceptualization of social and, in particular, of the instance constituting it, namely the Third.


Respiration rate is an important vital sign in clinical practice, and an abnormal respiratory rate can be a strong indicator of serious underlying illness, including shock and sepsis. There is substantial evidence that alterations in respiratory rate can be used to predict potentially serious clinical events such as cardiac arrest or admission to the intensive care unit [1-4], and these studies have shown respiratory rate to be better than other vital measurements such as blood pressure and pulse rate in discriminating between stable patients and patients at risk [2].


A linear relationship between strength and density is a characteristic feature of deposited snow. This relationship is explained theoretically in the case of old dry snow in ternis of the theory of sintering. The discontinuity in the relationship at a density of about 0.4 g./cm3 is considered to mark a transition point below which the snow densifies primarily by rearranement of the grains and the strength increases by the growth of existing bonds, and above which densification occurs by volume diffusion and the strength increases primarily by the creation of new bonds. Experimental evidence to support these ideas is presented.


Opiine braconids include natural enemies of tephritid fruit flies, and interest in their greater utilisation for fruit fly control is growing. However, there is a lack of basic data on the prevalence and impact of these wasps for most regions of Australia. We sampled fruit fly host fruits from urbanised and peri‐urban locations of south‐east Queensland and reared out parasitoids and their host flies to determine the regional parasitoid community and how parasitism varied across time and habitat type. A total of 4969 fruits were collected from which 21 277 tephritid puparia were obtained. Of 12 601 fruit flies that emerged, the Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni, was the dominant species. A total of 5736 parasitoids, representing four species, were recovered from both suburban and peri‐urban sites. For all samples combined, the average parasitism rate was 30%. The exotic, egg–larval–pupal parasitoid Fopius arisanus represented 81% of the parasitoids collected and was recovered from all of the 13 host fruit species sampled. The second most common species, the native larval–pupal parasitoid, Diachasmimorpha kraussii, represented 15% of recovered parasitoids and was collected from a smaller range of host fruit species. The remaining two parasitoids, Diachasmimorpha tryoni and Psyttalia fijiensis, were rare in samples. Parasitoid infestation was highly variable across samples, with higher rates of parasitism observed from October to May. A targeted field experiment to measure differences in parasitism by D. kraussii between urban and peri‐urban habitats detected no variation in the abundance of D. kraussii across habitats, a result consistent with the general survey. The data show that for south‐east Queensland, parasitoids are a significant fruit fly mortality factor in both peri‐urban and urban landscapes. Any manipulation of parasitoids for regional pest management should focus on conservation of F. arisanus.


p = 0.324) and a low negative correlation between heart rate and postoperative VAS values (r = -0.201; p = 0.524). VAS values in the lidocaine and placebo groups showed a significant difference in T0 observations (p = 0.039).  Conclusion VAS values in the lidocaine group were lower than those in the placebo group at T0 observations, but not significantly different in T1, T2, and T3 observations.


We predict a new quantum electronic structure at the interface between two condensed phases of noble-gas elements: solid neon and superfluid helium. An excess electron injected onto this interface self-confines its wavefunction into a nanometric dome structure. Its size varies with pressure and optical transitions cover a broad mid-infrared spectrum. A collection of such electrons can form a classical Wigner crystal resembling a quantum-dot array on a triangular lattice. Under ultrafast laser illumination, this Wigner crystal can exhibit the quantum optical phenomenon of superradiance in the picosecond time scale. The ultralong spin-coherence time and micron-scale deterministic configurability allow the electrons in this system to serve as quantum information carriers. Their spin states can be controlled and readout by on-chip single-electron devices.


This paper presents a modified dynamic method for estimation of shaft resistances of driven piles using the pile-driving record (the blow-count profile and the transfered hammer energy). The concept of energy balance forms the basis of the method. The paper gives details of the mathematical formulation of the method, and simplifications made in the method are identified and justified. Verification of this dynamic method is demonstrated through a comparison with CAPWAPC (a numerical analysis method) analysis results at various piling sites.


The global uRsurge in tuberculosis (TB), fuelled by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic, and the increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, has made TB a serious occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs) worldwidel", Recent reports have confirmed a significant risk of occupational infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis among HCWS,3,4,5 medical students,6 attendants at autopsy' and community hospital workers', TB transmission usually occurs over a prolonged period in the orders Mdays and months of exposure, Compared to household contacts, HCW exposure is comparatively brief but a HCW can be subjected to multiple exposures in the healthcare setting,


More examples for clinicians are needed on the implementation of data-driven intervention approaches for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The purpose of this case study is to present a feasible data-driven approach using a pre- and postdesign of an outpatient social skills group for children with ASD who were clinically referred rather than research recruited for services. Measurement tools with ecological validity are described, as are the treatment outcomes. Challenges included the generation of meaningful and obtainable outcomes with social validity and the development of feasible methods to evaluate clinical outcomes. Practical issues related to implementation are described that can increase researchers' understanding of the practitioner environment, and suggestions are made for data-driven methods for service delivery monitoring, accountability, and scalability.


Background: While sex-based differences in outcomes after hip arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) are often recorded, no studies have been dedicated to analyzing the literature as a whole. Purpose: To investigate whether sex is a predictor of outcomes in studies evaluating hip arthroscopic surgery for FAIS. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Ovid, and PubMed Central databases for English-language studies that evaluated sex-specific outcomes in human populations. The search terms used were as follows: ("Hip Arthroscopy") AND ("Femoroacetabular Impingement" OR "FAI") AND ("Sex" OR "Gender" OR "Male" OR "Female"). Studies with evidence levels 2 through 4 were included. The studies were then screened, followed by data extraction. Modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS) outcomes and return-to-sport (RTS) rates were recorded. These were analyzed using random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was calculated using the I 2 statistic. Results: Of 256 full-text articles screened, 48 articles were included in this analysis; of these, 14 studies (29%) concluded that female sex was a negative predictor of postoperative outcomes, while 6 studies (13%) found female sex to be positive predictor. The remaining 28 studies (58%) found no sex-based differences in postoperative outcomes. Of 7 studies (416 male and 519 female) included in the mHHS analysis, 2 studies concluded that male patients had significantly higher postoperative mHHS scores. Of 6 studies (502 male and 396 female) included in the RTS analysis, 1 study concluded that male patients had a significantly higher RTS rate. Conclusion: Almost one-third of the included studies determined that female sex was a negative predictor of postoperative outcomes, 13% found female sex to be a positive predictor, and 58% found no sex-based differences. Our study illustrates an insufficiency of high-level evidence supporting sex-specific differences in outcomes after hip arthroscopic surgery, but findings indicated that the postoperative mHHS score and RTS rate may be influenced by sex.


An efficient and effective performance in budget-constrained management has become critical in public agencies in Brazil, especially due to the current economic situation of the country. In this sense, the Armed Forces have sought tools to assist them in decision making and in efficiently allocate of such resources. The objective of the present study is to propose an optimization model of optimal allocation of financial resources, in order to maximize the level of service, that is, to increase items availability in the inventory, in a budget-constrained. The methodology was applied in a real case of the Brazilian Navy and the results demonstrate that it is possible to significantly increase customer satisfaction with the available resources, since the solution of the model increased by 50% the level of service, going from the current 24% to 74%. In addition, from a complementary modeling, it was found that an average 8% increase in the budget can generate continuous improvements in the level of service.


Karst landscapes typically form from the solution of soluble rocks such as limestone. In Florida, where a broad limestone platform underlies most of its terr...


The era of low-carbon puts forward higher requirements for information transparency of listed companies. This paper analyzes the quality of financial information disclosure of listed companies as the content, and determines the quality evaluation system of financial information of Chinese listed companies under the background of low-carbon. The system has three first-level indicators of "timeliness", "authenticity" and "integrity", ten second-level indicators and nineteen third-level indicators. Then combined with the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method to calculate its weight, a listed company financial information quality evaluation index model was constructed, which provided a reliable basis for listed companies to improve their competitiveness in the low-carbon wave.


THE hands which the Land of Burnt Faces is today stretch ing forth to the God of Things-that-be are both physical and spiritual; and today, as yesterday, they twine gnarled fingers about the very roots of the world. Physically, Ethiopia's fingers are those rough mountain masses of Northeast Africa which form the defensive rampart of the continent and against which Egyptian and Persian and Turk, British and French and Italian, have so far hammered in vain. It is a great pear-shaped mountain mass, cut into island-like sections which are separated by deep gorges and ravines. "It looks," says the traveller, "like a storm-tossed sea, suddenly solidified." In these highlands both the Blue Nile and the Atbara rise, and thus Abyssinia commands a full half of the waters of the Nile. It was a German who said


The order for payment procedure is a simplified procedure used in many member states of the EU. The procedure is highly formal and usually no substantial evidence is assessed in the course of the procedure. This is also the case in Estonia, where this procedure is used very frequently against consumers. The CJEU has, in several cases, assessed the national rules of Member States regarding the order for payment procedure and explained in which cases these rules are not in line with the purpose of the UCTD. In this article, Estonian legislation is used as an example to show that as the EU law does not address the order for payment procedure directly, the protection of consumers' rights depends on the specificities of national procedural law. Even if the member state's legislation is in compliance with the positions expressed by the CJEU, the order for payment procedure might not effectively ensure the protection required under the UCTD. This is so because, under the existing CJEU practice, the court does not have to demand submission of evidence, and sellers and suppliers can thus avoid the controls on unfairness in the standard terms quite easily. This paper also analyses whether it would be acceptable to fully delegate the order for payment procedure to computer systems including artificial intelligence, as it has been suggested to do in Estonia.


PART 1: Introduction 1. A New Breed of Chinese Entrepreneurs? Critical Reflections RAYMOND SIN-KWOK WONG PART II: Theoretical and Empirical Concerns 2. Hybrid Capitalism: A New Breed of Chinese Entrepreneurship in a Global Era HENRY WAI-CHUNG YEUNG 3. Beyond Culture: Economic Analysis of the Characteristics of Overseas Chinese Business DENGGAO LONG AND QIMING HAN 4. Contemporary Changes of Chinese Entrepreneurship in Hong Kong RAYMOND SIN-KWOK WONG PART III: Contemporary Chinese Entrepreneurship in Local Settings 5. Enterprise Development and Inter-Ethnic Relations in Malaysia: Affirmative Action, Generational Change, and Business Partnerships EDMUND TERENCE GOMEZ 6. Immigrant Transnational Entrepreneurship and Linkages with the State/Network: Sino-Singaporean Experience in a Comparative Perspective HONG LIU 7. Transforming Guanxi Networks: Taiwanese Enterprises' Production Networks in Thailand and Vietnam DUNG-SHENG CHEN, SUE-CHING JOU, AND HSIN-HUANG MICHAEL HSIAO 8. Born Out of Networks: A Sociological Analysis of the Emergence of the Firm YANJIE BIAN 9. The Spirit of Chinese Entrepreneurship: Management Practices Among Hong Kong Business Owners RAYMOND SIN-KWOK WONG


Effects of ACTH on the corticosteroid production and the adenyl cyclase activity of the zona fasciculata and reticularis (the decapsulated gland) and the zona glomerulosa (the capsular gland) of the rat adrenal glands incubated in separate vessels have been studied. The adenyl cyclase activity in both preparations was assayed by estimating the radioactivity of adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (CAMP) formed from labeled adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The decapsulated gland incubated in the presence of ACTH was observed to produce more corticoids than the capsular, while the adenyl cyclase activity in both glands was increased to the same extent. These results lead to the question of whether or not all the CAMP induced by ACTH participates in the regulation of the rate of corticoid production in both the decapsulated and the capsular gland. (Endocrinology 88: 465, 1971)


Early childhood is a time to learn to deal with feelings, whether disappointed, sad, angry when what they want is not fulfilled. That's all a natural and natural feeling. Sometimes without us realizing it we as adults clog an emotion, for example distracting a child. However, if this feeling cannot be expressed by the child, there will be a pile of emotions that can later explode and get out of control, and appear like a tamper tantrum. Expressing emotions with dangerous actions is a form of tantrums so that children get what they want or need. The older the child, the more energy he puts into expressing his emotions. Therefore it is difficult for adults to control and prevent uncontrollable behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of counseling guidance in overcoming children with temper tantrums in RA Anak Salih Suwayuwo, precisely in group A children. Researchers used qualitative methods in their research. Counseling guidance at RA Anak Salih Suwayuwo is carried out through various stages of certain services.


This publication complements a collaborative project by Darcel and Oades, which consisted of photographs that subtly explore the presence of humans within nature. It contains short poetic texts (combined with photographs by the artists) that form a dialogue concerned with themes such as: the restorative quality of place; and intimate relations with matter, landscape and the other. Includes brief quotes by M. Yourcenar (in French and English). Darcel's text in French; Oades' in English. Brief biographical notes.


First, let's be clear --there is only one species of python that has a viable, self-sustaining population outside of captivity in the United States. This book is primarily about that single species, Burmese pythons, Python bivittatus. Second, and again for the sake of clarity, while this python species has been maintained by thousands of keepers in 49 states for more than 40 years, it exists outside of captivity only in extreme south Florida --not all over the United States. Not one word of the manuscript would have to be changed if the book were titled "Burmese pythons in South Florida." However, there is no doubt that the title, as published, lends much more excitement and urgency to the topic.


This study assessed the impacts of expansion of Abeokuta into some of the neighbouring rural farmlands, identified the trend of expansion of the study area between 1966 and 2016, examined the changes in the land cover types in the study area and assessed the implications of urban expansion on the farmlands in the affected communities. Data for the study were sourced from topographical map and satellite imageries (Landsat TM, 1986; Landsat ETM+, 2006, 2016). Results show that the expansion rate of Abeokuta within a period of 50 years was 0.9 km2 per thousand of the population. Therefore, between 1966 and 1986, about 72.6 km2 of rural land has been engulfed by the expansion of Abeokuta thereby causing a shortage in the farmland areas. Moreover, urban encroachment into the agricultural land was found to be more pronounced in the North, West and Southwestern parts of Abeokuta. On the whole, the study berated the grievous impacts of urban expansion into rural lands, particularly on food production.


The invention relates to intake systems, especially for the intake air of an internal combustion engine. Said intake systems comprises a filter insert (19) in a housing (10) that is linked with the air conduction system by means of several inlets (13) and an outlet (22). Said inlets (13) are provided with air intake fittings (14) that lead to a single flow chamber (20) of the filter insert (19). The inlets can be individually closed by flaps (24), allowing the acoustics to be influenced favorably and allowing, for example, a temperature-dependent connection or disconnection of individual air intake fittings. The inventive system further limits the number of components required. The design of the especially wedge-shaped flow chamber (20) minimizes flow losses in the housing (10), which in turn reduces the air intake noise. The inventive design also allows for the provision of shunt resonators (28) using cap elements (29) and (30).


This article proposes an improved methodology for the development of decision support systems, developed on the basis of a situational scheme for solving behavioral problems by a person. The proposed methodology proposes an approach to solving the problem of decision support based on the ontological model of an organization (business process), containing information about typical situations, their features, options (scenarios) of decisions and indicators for choosing these decisions. An intelligent mechanism for "recognition" of the states of typical situations has been developed on the basis of categorization and the use of the obtained hierarchy of their states and features. A general approach to keeping the ontological model up to date is proposed. The examples of the application of the methodology for the enterprise of the aircraft industry are considered.


This article explores the national and global significance and impact of Beijing's hosting of the 2008 summer Olympic Games. The discussion is organized into four main parts. First, I locate the 2008 Beijing Olympics in the context of wider processes of globalization; in particular, I explore how China 'glocalized' the Olympics, by giving the event distinctive meanings that were then experienced by global television audiences. Second, I employ the concept of 'soft power' to explore how, in hosting the event, China sought to advance its international influence and appeal; I introduce the concept of 'soft disempowerment' to examine how there may have been some negative impacts for China in staging the Olympics. Third, I discuss issues of security surrounding the Beijing Olympics, given the growing focus on such questions for sport mega-events in general following the 9/11 attacks in 2001. Fourth, I outline some of the key issues regarding sporting legacies for China, following the 2008 Olympics, with particular reference to Chinese football.


The occupational health nurse has rather special responsibilities in relation to the worker who suffers a myocardial infarction. She is often the first nurse to see and care for him, almost immediately after he has been stricken, and what she does in those first few minutes may be of crucial importance. In addition, she is the patient's liaison with his job, his fellow workers, and his employer during his illness and convalescence. And she has a great deal to do with facilitating his return to work and insuring his continuing good health both on the job and at home. How well she discharges all these responsibilities will be limited only by her initiative, her knowledge, and—perhaps most important of all—her intcrest.


Identification
of the cellular mechanisms involved in the occurrence and persistence of
autoreactive lymphocytes is key for understanding T1D etiology. Comparing
autoreactive
T lymphocytes from healthy individuals and T1D patients can provide clues as to
what
the driving force is for the destruction of β-cells and might designate
potential targets
for (immune) intervention. Elucidating in what way T1D associated gene variants
actually
contribute to disease development, i.e. understanding the functional aspects of
genetic
risk, and how genetic control of autoantigens influences autoimmunity may
provide crucial
clues to the clarification of the enigma of T1D. This thesis aims to answer
several of these
issues by investigating the role of transcriptional and post-transcriptional
gene control
in T1D.


The damage caused by Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks is becoming more and more serious with the development of the Internet, especially as we enter the era of the Internet of Things (IoT). Being able to efficiently analyze real-time traffic and detect anomalous flows is one of the current challenges. In this paper, we propose a lightweight detection framework based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), including a preprocessing mechanism for live traffic to extract data features, which are then fed into a network with dual convolutional kernels for training. Through different sizes of convolution kernels, we can learn the feature relationships between packets at different distances, while introducing Dilated Convolution to further improve the detection performance. Experimental results show that our method can effectively detect both benign and malicious flows, and has the advantage of high performance and low overhead compared with other state-of-the-art methods, which is suitable for effective DDoS detection in resource-constrained environments.


Lentil is one of the most important pulse crops of Madhya Pradesh which is used as a primary source of protein for human beings as well as nitrogen for many cropping systems. Lentil crop leaves is a reasonably good amount of atmospheric nitrogen in readily available form to the succeeding crop. India ranked first in the area and second in the production with 43 percent and 37 percent of world area and production respectively. It was observed that low productivity of lentil in Sagar district was attributed due to unavailability of quality seed of wilt resistant varieties. Wilt is a major biotic stress of low production of lentil. Due to this reason farmers prefer to grow wheat in Rabi season in place of pulses. Keeping this in view the On-Farm trials were conducted in the year 2015-16 and 2016-17 during Rabi season in village Sazi, Baroda, Baddaua, Oriya and Hasrai in Sagar district of M.P. It was observed that high yielding wilt resistant varieties JL 3 and IPL 81 gave more yield as compared to farmer's practices. The highest grain yield was recorded in the variety IPL 81 (12.59 q/ha and 8.59 q/ha) followed by JL 3 (10.69 & 8.37 q/ha) in both the year. Yield increase from 28.97% to 32.36% (JL 3) and 21.75% to 43.39% (IPL 81) over farmers practice. The economic performance of the trials revealed that high yielding wilt resistant varieties, IPL-81 and JL-3 gave high net returns i.e. Rs 40878 & Rs 32898/ha in the year 2016-17 respectively, while in the year 2015-16, IPL-81 and JL-3 gave Rs 13770 & Rs 13110/ha respectively. The cost benefit ratio was also high with the use of variety IPL-81 i.e. 4.81 and 2.15 in the year 2016-17 & 2015-16, respectively. From the result of the trial, it can be concluded that the cultivation of high yielding wilt resistant varieties of lentil with improved technologies has been found more productive. Replacement of local/old varieties with new varieties would increase the production and net income. Farmer's reaction about use of wilt resistant variety were highly appreciable and most effective to manage wilt disease.


Integrated Assessment for Water Framework Directive Implementation: Data, Economic and Human Dimension - Volume 2 is a concrete outcome from the Harmoni-CA concerted action as part of a 4-volume se ...


Purpose: Cutthroat competition between the organizations has created tremendous job demands for employees, leading to increased implications for occupational health. This study investigated the impact of physical job stressors, i.e., workplace ergonomics, working conditions, and physical demands, on sickness presenteeism and the moderation of organizational justice (OJ). All the three dimensions of Organizational Justice, namely distributive justice, procedural justice, and interactional justice, were used as a moderator.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The current paper follows the positivism approach, and therefore, responses were collected on a structured questionnaire following a quantitative technique. The respondents belonged to the banking industry of Karachi. Using a two-step approach, structural equation modeling on smart PLS was used for analysis.
Findings: Findings indicate that physical job stressors, i.e., workplace ergonomics, physical demands, and working conditions, statistically impact sickness presenteeism.
Implications/Originality/Value: Furthermore, organizational justice alleviated the impact of physical job stressors on sickness presenteeism. This paper lays down implications for organizations as well as future research.


Objective: To observe the curative effect of Tiaomian No. 1 for repeated spontaneous abortion (RSA) induced by antifertility antibody (AA) . Methods: 93 cases of RSA were allocated to 2 groups randomly. The treatment group (47 cases) was treated by Tiaomian No. 1 (composed of Cortex Eucommiae, Fructus Ligustri Lucidi, Radix Rehmanniae, Rhi-zoma Anemarrhenae, Cortex Phellodendri Chinensis, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Semen Persicae and Radix Glycyrrhizae), the control group by oral use of prednisone. Results: In treatment group, the AA negative rate was 95. 7% , the pregnancy rate within one year was 46. 8% , and 50. 0% and 23. 9% in control group respectively (P 0.01). Conclusion: The clinical effect of Tiaomian No. 1 is superior to that of prednisone for RSA.


In a recent contribution to this journal, Richard McAlexander seeks to reanalyze Wucherpfennig, Hunziker, and Cederman's "Who Inherits the State?" which instruments the effect of ethnic group inclusion on civil conflict by exploiting differences in colonial governance between the French and British empires. McAlexander proposes a research design that replaces the between-colony dimension of Wucherpfennig et al.'s comparison with a continuous measure of indirect rule that varies between British colonies. We show that McAlexander's study hardly poses a viable reanalysis because his approach is compromised by problems of ecological inference and posttreatment confounding, leading to biased inference by design. We propose a more informative reanalysis, indicating that British colonialism built on suitable customary institutions, unlike the French empire. Although tentative, our analytical extension lends support to Wucherpfennig et al.'s original findings, most importantly that inclusion reduces the risk of postcolonial civil conflict.


Most mobile devices embed a CMOS image sensor (CIS) for capturing images. In addition, a variety of sensors such as proximity, ambient light, and fingerprint sensors are integrated for device control. The integration of multiple sensors in a device requires significant power consumption, area, and cost. In contrast to multiple sensors, an always-on CIS enables advanced smart sensing, including gesture sensing, face recognition, eye tracking, and so on. Smart sensing using a CIS offers a variety of user interfaces and experiences such as touch-less control, authentication, gaming, and object recognition for the Internet of Things (IOT). A major drawback of a CIS in mobile devices is that it consumes power greater than 50mW [1], and this is not feasible for always-on sensing that is required to function with the limited energy available from the device's battery. Moreover, power reduction in a CIS causes image degradation owing to reduced SNR, which is not acceptable for capturing high-quality images. Many low-power CISs have been reported [2-3]. However, they are inadequate for use as high-resolution sensors because of the requirement of additional in-pixel circuits for device operation at low supply voltages.


In the last five decades the Brazilian population has undergone transitions, among
them the demographic, which is related to the birth and fertility rates. In view of this,
the population life expectancy is higher, bringing with it the appearance of nontransmissible chronic diseases, including systemic arterial hypertension (SAH). SAH
is a multifactorial clinical condition characterized by sustained elevation of blood
pressure levels ≥140 and / or 90 mmHg. Studies have shown an association between
the low level of physical exercise and the presence of SAH. From this context,
physical exercise has been used as a preventive and alternative measure in the
treatment of hypertension. Most protocols that use exercises such as nonpharmacological treatment prescribe aerobic exercise such as walking, cycling or
running. However, there are still few studies that evaluated the effects of ballroom
dancing as an alternative approach in the treatment of hypertension. The objective of
the present study was to verify the chronic effect of an exercise program through
ballroom dancing in hypertensive elderly women in the Municipality of Vitoria de
Santo Antao -PE. The study has a n sample of 18 elderly hypertensives (68.03 ± 6.15
years), in which they were divided into two groups. The GE (Experimental Group) has
a total of 09 elderly women who participate in the Project to Expand Aging with
Quality and GC (Control Group) has a total of 09 elderly women who were selected
in the Basic Health Unit of the neighborhood of Bela Vista, and do not no physical
exercise. The GE participated in three weekly sessions of ballroom dancing,
comprising between February 2018 and May 2018. Blood pressure was monitored in
two moments: (A) before the practice of ballroom dancing (resting) and (B) 10
minutes after recovery from the dance session. This is a quantitative study with a
cross-sectional design. All analyzes were done using the Student t test program
(paired) through the Windows / Excel 2010 Program, adopting the level of
significance of p <0.05. The dance sessions were significant in potentiating the
hypotensive effects on blood pressure in elderly women.


This chapter introduces our concept of innovation spaces in Asia.
Chapters in this provide a new perspective, and also help nuance our imagery and stereotypes about innovation in Asia. This chapter indicates the structural change. FInally, an overview of each chapter is given.


The purpose of the study was to evaluate the functional outcome and recurrent dislocation rate in patients who have undergone arthroscopic shoulder stabilization with a bioabsorbable fixation device, Suretac (Acufex Microsurgical). The role of thermal capsular shrinkage was also investigated.

Between June 1996 and June 2000, 78 consecutive patients (80 shoulders) at our hospital underwent arthroscopic stabilization with Suretac fixator by our senior author (DM). Twenty-one performed for acute post-traumatic dislocation (defined as first time dislocation), 41 for recurrent dislocations, 14 for SLAP lesions and four atraumatic multidirectional instability. Patients were followed up by an independent observer (FL) after a mean of 35 months (range: 9–62 months). The follow up examination included the modified Rowe and Zarins score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score and the Constant score. The strength of lateral elevation as advocated in the Constant score was measured by the Nottingham Mecmesin Myometer.

The overall re-dislocation rate after surgery was 14% (11 patients). This occurred after an average period of 23 months (range: 12–37 months) following the initial stabilization procedure. One patient also reported recurrent subluxation though without frank dislocation. The re-dislocation for patients with acute dislocation was 9%, 15% for recurrent dislocation, 14% for SLAP lesions and 25% for those with atraumatic multidirectional instability. 3 of the 19 patients who underwent arthroscopic stabilization and thermal capsular shrinkage also re-dislocated. Four of the 10 patients who were aged 18 or under at the time of surgery, re-dislocated after an average period of 18 months following the operation.

Our study shows that the functional outcome and recurrence rate of Suretac stabilization compare favorably to other arthroscopic repair techniques using nonabsorbable suture anchors. The results appear to be better in patients with acute post traumatic dislocation. We do not recommend its use in younger patients (18 or under) especially with multidirectional instability. There is not enough evidence in our study to support the theoretical benefits of thermal capsular shrinkage.


Background Postoperative infections are very common complications. Considering patient's renal function is important when prescribing antibiotics, but this is not a usual practice. Purpose To evaluate the use of Imipenem in hospitalised patients in the Vascular Surgery Unit of the General Hospital. Materials and Methods A retrospective observational study of 3 months duration was undertaken (June–August 2011) in 51 beds of Vascular Surgery with Unit Dose Distribution System. All patients treated with Imipenem are included and patients with creatinine clearance (CrCl) lower than 60 ml/min are evaluated. Age, genre, CrCl, estimated by the Cockcroft–Gault method, empirical treatment or not and drug related problem (DRP) were registered. The authors took as standard weight 70 kg in men and 60 kg in women. Dose and posology are adjusted to CrCl according to two sources of information. Patients are classified according to the K/DOQI guidelines criteria: stage 1 and 2 CrCl≥60 ml/min, stage 3 CrCl 30–59 ml/min and stage 4 and 5 CrCl<30 ml/min). Results The authors evaluated 30/61 patients (21 men, 9 women), average age of 75 years old (51–92). 51 DRP were identified in 30 patients. It would be necessary to decrease the dose in 4/30 patients; to increase the therapeutic interval in 3/30 and to apply both measures in 22/30 patients. 8/30 patients have confirmed infection and in 22/30 patients Imipenem is prescribed empirically. Classification of patients according to K/DOQI guidelines: 34 patient's stage 1 and 2; 21 patient's stage 3; 6 patients stage 4 and 5. Conclusions Imipenem does not adjust to renal function in 50% of the patients. ▶ Imipenem is used empirically in Vascular Surgery Unit due to medical and surgical complexity of the patients ▶ An improvement multidisciplinary program for the quality of antibiotic pharmacotherapy in patients with renal disease must be implemented.


Automated time-Lapse Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ALERT) is a concept that aims to provide tomographic images of landfill sites at regular intervals or on demand. The British Geological Survey has developed an ALERT system specifically for the deployment on landfills and has undertaken a research programme focussing on leachate monitoring techniques based on ERT. Simple scale experiments demonstrate the capabilities of the ALERT technique to accurately monitor liquid levels in a porous medium between wells. ALERT data provide additional control and information about inter-well properties and processes, thus contributing to an improved understanding of landfill hydrology.


The response of main tobacco varicties which are used at present to light and temperature and their characteristies of development and growth were studied by fixing the lcugth of day and sowing the tobacco seeds at different times. The resuts showed that (1) for all the tried varicties the differentiation of flower bud was promoted by the lower temperature, and (2) most tried varicties were not sensitive to the lcugth of day, and which could be regarded as neutral. The leaf-age index for the differntiation of flower bud was also studied in the paper.


The effect of calcium on the dissolution and microbial reduction of a representative solid phase uranyl [U(VI)], sodium boltwoodite (NaUO2SiO3OH · 1.5H2O), was investigated to evaluate the rate‐limiting step of microbial reduction of the solid phase U(VI). Microbial reduction experiments were performed in a culture of a dissimilatory metal‐reducing bacterium (DMRB), Shewanella oneidensis strain MR‐1, in a bicarbonate medium with lactate as electron donor at pH 6.8 buffered with PIPES. Calcium increased the rate of Na‐boltwoodite dissolution and U(VI) bioavailability by increasing its solubility through the formation of a ternary aqueous calcium‐uranyl‐carbonate species. The ternary species, however, decreased the rates of microbial reduction of aqueous U(VI). Laser‐induced fluorescence spectroscopy (LIFS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) collectively revealed that microbial reduction of solid phase U(VI) was a sequentially coupled process of Na‐boltwoodite dissolution, U(VI) aqueous speciation, and microbial reduction of dissolved U(VI) to U(IV) that accumulated on bacterial surfaces/periplasm. Under studied experimental conditions, the overall rate of microbial reduction of solid phase U(VI) was limited by U(VI) dissolution reactions in solutions without calcium and limited by microbial reduction in solutions with calcium. Generally, the overall rate of microbial reduction of solid phase U(VI) was determined by the coupling of solid phase U(VI) dissolution, U(VI) aqueous speciation, and microbial reduction of dissolved U(VI) that were all affected by calcium. Biotechnol. Bioneg. 2007;97: 1415–1422. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


Attaining training effectiveness for Continuing Professional Development (CPD) program will be beneficial for General Insurance Agents in performing their daily activities.The CPD Program for General Insurance Agents applies to all the
practitioners in the general insurance agency force with effect from 1st January 2005 where the training hours and related requirements stipulated in the guidelines must be complied with. The Financial Mediation Bureau (FMB), now known as Ombudsman for Financial Services (OFS), a unit under the Central Bank of Malaysia had recorded 609 in 2015, 660 in 2014 and 742 in 2013 for General Insurance products. This report shows that the person who introduces to the public insurance products are not well versed with the product thus the knowledge imparted were different from what is it all about.In the insurance industry, the person is widely known as agent who plays the role as link between insurance companies and customers.
This research has been conducted in two training session to find the best way to improve
agent basic understanding on Negotiation thus connection to the higher-level knowledge
is possible. Collaborative learning, which was introduced as a sharing session, through
small group discussion has been chosen for the purpose of developing effective in undergoing the program.The Study concludes that agents are more comfortable to be open-minded and less stressful while learning with their peers compares to instructors. Based on interviews and observations, results found that collaborative learning do improve understanding and built critical thinking. The approach developed had resulted a more relax and conducive learning environment and the training effectiveness achieved served as evidence in agents' performance


The influence of Hanseniaspora uvarum in combination with salicylic acid on the chilling resistance of strawberry fruits under cold storage was studied.Strawberry fruits were divided into three groups which were sprayed with 1 × 108CFU/mL antagonistic yeast suspension alone or in combination with 100 μg/mL salicylic acid and sterile water as a control,respectively.The samples were stored at(2 ± 1) ℃ and 90%–95% RH.The activities of resistance-related enzymes were measured at regular intervals.The results showed that the yeast H.uvarum alone or in combination with SA decreased the content of MDA and induced the activities of peroxidase(POD),phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL),ascorbate peroxidase(APX),catalase(CAT),polyphenol oxidase(PPO),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and β-1,3-glucanase.The group treated with H.uvarum + SA had significant higher POD,PPO,SOD,CAT,APX,PAL,β-1,3-glucanase activities than the group treated with H.uvarum alone and CK.The combination of antagonistic yeast and SA may provide an effective strategy to reduce postharvest decay of strawberry fruits.


Abstract : CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach allows for: (1) High confidence level classification and identification of bacteria based on genome traceable, proteomic similarities and differences between an analyzed micro-organism and reference bacteria; (2) Identification of pure cultures as well as mixtures of micro-organisms.


In this paper we examine the extent newer developments affect the economic processes of the market and put financial markets at risk. We also analyze if the financial market regulations are sufficient to limit the systemic risk they cause. The biggest Shortcoming of the recent reforms to the stabilization of the financial system, such as Basel III and the American Dodd Frank Act, is that they increase the capital requirements rather than the causes of the increased risk. It would generally be better to forbid risky and complex financial products than to further increase regulation complexity and the capital requirements as in Basel III and the American Dodd Frank Act.


Distributions of wild Japanese macaques and actual damages to crops by them in Kinki region are reported. Questionnaire surveys were conducted in Wakayama, Nara, Kyoto and Shiga prefectures. From the surveys, the following results were obtained. 1) Japanese macaques damaged the crops mainly in autumn when the harvest time of them. 2) The macaques appeared crop fields usually in groups. 3) They usually disappeared from the fields when they saw humans. 4) Twenty-nine crop items were damaged by the macaques. 5) The inhabitants did not usually devise countermove to the damages. Field surveys were also conducted in those areas according to the results of the questionnaire surveys. In Wakayama prefecture, 8 groups were suspected to forage in Kanaya town and Nakatsu and Miyama villages, and 8 groups were seemed to forage in Ryujin village. In Nara prefecture, more than 10 groups were suspected to forage in Ohtoh and Totsukawa villages. Also several groups were suspected to forage in each town or village in northern Kyoto and western Shiga. Further intensive studies are necessary to clarify the relationships between human activities and the damages to crop by Japanese macaques and to solve this problem.


The existence of a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) photoperiod sensitivity gene has been proposed to account for postponing flower initiation until Tentaka and Kazetachi meet with short daylengths below 12.5 h. To investigate the inheritance of this gene, three parental varieties, F1, F2, BC1F1 and BC1F2 populations of Tentaka and Kazetachi were evaluated for days-to-emergence of flag leaf (DEFL) under the field condition of long daylength (>13 h) and minimum temperatures over 20°C for at least 51 days after sowing in 1999, 2000 and 2001. The F1 hybrids, Tentaka (MS79 × Chohin232) and Kazetachi (MS138 × Chohin232), showed strong photoperiod sensitivity and very late DEFL, in spite of the photoperiod insensitivity of their parental varieties. In two different F2 populations, the segregation of early, middle and late plants for DEFL fitted in with the expected ratio of 7 : 30 : 27 under the three genes hypothesis, TtD1d1D2d2 for Tentaka and Kazetachi. Additionally, the expected ratio of early : middle : late (1 : 2 : 1) was observed in the segregation of BC1F1 of Tentaka × Chohin232 and Kazetachi × Chohin232 in 2000. These results suggest that two photoperiod sensitivity genes, D1 and D2 which show complementary dominant effects, are existent and the flowering phenotype of Tentaka and Kazetachi are expressed by the interactive operation both of a dominant thermo-sensitivity gene (T) and complementary dominant photoperiod sensitivity genes (D1, D2), that is, the genotype TtD1d1D2d2.


In this issue of the Joturml, Bratton and Krane provide an excellent review of the pathophysiology and management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) with emphasis on the effects of ketoacidosis on the cardiopulmonary, renal, and central nervous systems. Their review should be required reading by physicians, nurses, and students involved in the care of either children or adults with this important complication of diabetes. The review properly focuses on the fact that DICA can occur not only in any person with diabetes who stops taking insulin but also among previously noninsulin-requiring patients exposed to severe stress ( e g , myocardial infarction, major trauma), infection, or the administration of drugs that cause either insulin resistance (e.g., corticosteroids) or reduce insulin secretion (e.g., diuretics, certain cancer chemotherapy drugs, such as L-asparaginase, and possibly cyclosporin and various lymphokines). Physiologically, mo factors interact to produce excessive hepatic glucose and ketone body production: relative or absolute insulin deficiency and an increase in hormones that enhance lipolysis and ketogenesis, notably glucagon, cortisol, epinephrine, and growth hormone. Several major advances in our understanding of DI(A deserve special consideration. First, DKA i s largely a preventable disorder. All patients with known diabetes should be thoroughly educated about the principal causes, signs, and symptoms of impending DKA and provided with specific written instructions regarding what to do and who and when to call with the onset of polyuria, thirst, abdominal pain, vomiting, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, altered sensorium, or hyperventilation. In our center and others, the admission rates for DICA were reduced from 3% to less than 1% per patient between 1980 and 1990 with simple education given to all patients and intensive preventive strategies given to those with prior episodes of DKA. The use of home blood glucose monitoring and urine ketone tests are key, as is proper guidance over the telephone by an experienced professional. Proper education of the entire family is essential and should be an integral component of prehospital discharge planning at initial diagnosis of diabetes as well as at regular intervals afterwards. Second, many of the deaths of children with DKA still occur during an episode of DKA that leads to the initial diagnosis of diabetes. Primary care physicians and urgent care specialists who work in arnbulatory care units and emergency departments should be aware that children with DKA almost always present with vomiting and abdominal pain and a readily obtained history of antecedent polyuria or nocturia, thirst, and weight loss. A common febrile infection is often a precipitating event because it increases insulin resistance and acutely suppresses slowly waning endogenous insulin production. From time to time, the diagnosis is made only after patients are studied for unexplained respiratory problems or hyperventilation, suspected appendicitis, or unexplained eneuresis or weight loss. The first episode of Drci\ is most likely to be associated with cerebral edema, probably because of the more severe and prolonged prodrome before appropriate treatment is begun. During the last decade, there has been virtual unanimity in recommending relatively low doses of insulin, given by constant infusion, to patients with DW. Doses of 0.1 U/kg/hour should be given initially with simultaneous nonglucose-containing fluid replacement. Higher doses are not usually needed but should not be delayed if blood glucose levels do not decrease by at least 150 to 200 mg/ dL during the first three to four hours of treatment. Simultaneous bicarbonate administration is usually not needed. When given, intravenous boluses are not usually recommended, and the goal of treatment is to return the pH only to 7.2. Bicarbonate replacement therapy is used in our center primarily in adults who present with severe acidosis (pH, 5 7.1) mid hypotension. It is seldom used in children unless they are hyoptensive on admission. There is a general consensus that patients who are severely dehydrated and acidotic should ini-


An protective film and a resin layer are stacked on an insulation substrate on which a TFT is formed, and after a contact hole is formed in the resin layer, the protective film below the contact hole is etched and removed. A pixel display electrode is allowed to contact a drain electrode at the area of the contact hole; thus, a liquid crystal display is formed. A cut-out section, which communicates with the lower layer is formed in the drain electrode in the area of the contact hole. Upon forming a TFT section island-shape semiconductor layer so as to provide a TFT, a hole section island-shape semiconductor layer is also formed in the area of the contact hole. With this arrangement, it is possible to provide a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display which can avoid the occurrence of a step discontinuity in the pixel display electrode and the subsequent disconnection in the pixel display electrode.


The extraction of manganese (II) ions in piantiphase-separation system diantipyrilalkane (DAA) – salicylic acid (SA) – hydrochloric acid – water – salting-out agent was studied. Optimum conditions of water phase separation into two, one of which contains chloride complex of manganese (II) with DAA, were found. A number of salting-out agents for their values of concentration, providing half-extraction of manganese (II), was determined; the composition of the extracted complex compounds was found; the approached values of distribution constants and private constants of extraction were calculated.


This paper explains the programme of decoherence.And under the programme of decoherence,it also analyzes the locality in the classical world and causation without determinism in quantum mechanics.


Abstract There is clear evidence that human beings have contributed to climate change through their patterns of consumption, and, it could be argued that, since we are part of the problem then we must be part of the solution. The apparently good news is that people report that they have very positive attitudes to environmentally-friendly products and they also consistently say that they are prepared to adapt their behavior to ameliorate the effects of climate change. However, numerous studies have found little behavior change on the part of consumers. This study investigates this critical issue experimentally. It does this by exploring whether self-reported attitudes to low carbon products, or alternatively implicit attitudes to such products (measured using an associative task and not requiring self-report), predict consumer choice of products varying on a range of dimensions including environmental consequences, in an experimental context where time for selection was also systematically varied. We found firstly, in line with previous research, that human beings have explicit and implicit attitudes that are not correlated. Secondly, in terms of brand choice, we found that consumers are particularly sensitive to both brand information and value in their selection of products, particularly under time pressure. Organic/eco brands are, however, much less favoured, especially under any time pressure, where processes that are more automatic prevail. Thirdly, color-coded carbon footprint information can influence choice even under time pressure but only for those consumers with a strong positive implicit attitude to carbon footprint. The conclusions from this research are that humans beings may well have a "divided self" when it comes to the environment and climate change, and this underlying "dissociation" in attitude (implicit versus explicit) might be critical to their behavior as consumers. This concept of the"divided self" may help us understand why relatively little has changed thus far with regard to more sustainable consumption, but might open up new lines of enquiry about how we might attempt to promote more sustainable consumption in the future.


Mining area of production and living areas of the road because the accumulation of mineral dust particles is serious,especially in some dead Angle,the traditional cleaning device of cleaning is difficult,cleaning efficiency is low,this study design of cleaning device using the structure characteristic of the parallelogram mechanism,increase the effective area of cleaning and not be restricted by footpaths and other pavement conditions,have very strong pertinence and adaptability.Experiments show that the effect of cleaning more than the industry standard.


Editor: We read with great interest the article by Dr McDonald and colleagues in the December 2014 issue of Radiology (1), in which they suggested that intravenous contrast material exposure is not associated with dialysis and mortality. The large sample size and the definition of a control group (contrast material– enhanced computed tomographic [CT] scans were compared with unenhanced CT scans) are noteworthy. Their results are consistent with those from a previous article by the authors, based on the same dataset, showing no relationship between contrast material exposure and acute kidney injury (AKI) (2). Conversely, contrast material exposure has been associated with adverse outcomes in numerous other studies (3). Incidence rates of contrastinduced AKI up to 30% have been reported. The risk of contrast-induced AKI is probably lower after intravenous as compared to intraarterial contrast material administration, although the evidence is scarce (4). Several strategies have been described to prevent contrast-induced AKI, including intravenous volume expansion and temporarily stopping nephrotoxic medication (4). According to guidelines, most hospitals have now implemented contrast2. McDonald RJ, McDonald JS, Bida JP, et al. Intravenous Contrast material–induced nephropathy: causal or coincident phenomenon? Radiology 2013;267(1):106–118.


A discuc,sion of the relationship of vocabulary to reading comprehension focuses on the instruction of difficult vocabulary to learners of English as a Second Language. The historical background of vocabulary instruction is chronicled and the importance of reading and vocabulary learning to each other is examined. Various kinds of difficult vocabulary are discussed, including unknown words, synophones and synforms, technical and other low-frequency words, false cognates, polysemous words, idioms, compounds, multi-word verbs, and abstract words. Four theoretical approaches to vocabulary acquisition, each suggesting a hypothesis of instruction, are then reviewed. Three of the hypotheses are classified as explicit vocabulary instruction, and the fourth is classified as reading skills instruction. Teaching strategies corresponding to each hypothesis are presented, along with two sample lesson plans, one from explicit vocabulary instruction and the other from reading skills instruction. A 73-item list of references included. (MSE) *******************************************0*************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original dorument. *********************************************************************** TEACHING DIFFICULT VOCABULARY IN READING A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the School of Intercultural Studies Department of TESOL and Applied Linguistics Biola University -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Mission of the Department The mission of the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering is to educate students for professional and technical excellence; to perform research to advance the science and practice of engineering; to engage in service activities that advance the department, the university, and the profession; and to instill in ourselves and our students habits and attitudes that promote ethical behavior, professional responsibility, and careers that advance the well-being of society.


Abstract Laser cladding is an emerging surface modification technology, which can effectively improve the wear and corrosion resistance of the workpiece surface. It is widely used in aviation, aerospace, iron and steel metallurgy and other fields. The parameters of the cladding process directly affect the performance and quality of the cladding layer. Optimizing process parameters is significant to prepare high-quality cladding layers. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model of C45 laser cladding Fe60 powder was established, and the transient evolution law of the cladding temperature, flow rate and thermal stress was revealed. On this basis, the parameters of the cladding process were changed to perform multiple sets of numerical calculations and obtain sample data. A GA-BP neural network model was established to determine the optimal parameters of the cladding process. The cladding temperature was tracked and observed with the thermal imager, and the cladding morphology was observed by the scanning electron microscope, which verified the effectiveness of the numerical model. Calculations show that the maximum temperature of the molten pool reaches 3240 K at 2.5 s, and the isotherm shows a 'comet tail' distribution. The maximum flow rate of the molten pool is 0.33 m/s, and the thermal stress in cladding reaches 367 MPa. Based on the optimized process parameters determined by the GA-BP neural network, the laser power is 1076.41 W, the spot radius is 2.61 mm, and the scanning speed is 6.05 mm/s. This research provides a significant theoretical basis for effectively improving the cladding quality.


A spectral camera lens with the relative aperture of 1∶1 is introduced.The complicated Petzval structure is converted into a triplet structure based on aspheric surface.The primary optical properties are: f′=120mm,F=1,τ≥90%.The spatial frequency is greater than 20lp/mm when the MTF value of the optical system is equal to 0.85.The lens structure is optimized to facilitate the machining of the aspheric surface.Several kinds of aberration curves and the MTF data are given,and the further possible improvement for the optical system is explored.


Tomato is an important vegetable crop grown on all continents of the world. Tomato mosaic virus disease significantly lowers the yield in the field every year. The present study was conducted to find the resistant germplasm and to evaluate the potential of different plant extracts to manage the Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) disease in field conditions. Ten tomato genotypes were evaluated against the ToMV disease in field conditions. Out of ten varieties/lines, no one was found highly resistant and two varieties/lines (VRI-575 and Naqeeb) were evaluated as resistant to the disease. Aqueous extracts of three different plants (Azadirachta indica, Calotropis procera and Allium cepa) were potentially evaluated at 1% concentrations by three-times foliar application against the disease. In control, nothing was applied. A significant difference in disease index was observed among plant extracts. The disease significantly decreased with the number of applications. Azadirachta indica was found most effective to manage the disease as compared to the others in field conditions. Allium cepa was found least effective against the ToMV disease. From the present study, it was revealed that Naqeeb and VRI-575 varieties/lines may be used for the future breeding program and extracts of Azadirachta indica may be applied to manage the disease.


I this issue of Transplantation Schnuelle et al 1 present an analysis of the relationship of spontaneous core body temperature (CBT) of the deceased donor 4 to 20 hours before procurement on 3-year allograft survival after heart transplantation. This is a retrospective secondary analysis of data collected from a randomized controlled trial intended to study donor pretreatment with low dose dopamine. The original study demonstrated reduced dialysis requirement and improved graft survival after kidney transplantation. In this current post hoc analysis, 99 heart transplant recipients were grouped by tertiles of the donor CBT (lowest, 32-36.2°C; middle, 36.3-36.8°C; highest, 36.9-38.8°C). A lower CBTwas shown to be associated with inferior heart allograft survival (hazard ratio, 0.53; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-0.93, per tertileP = 0.02 and hazard ratio, 0.68; 95%confidence interval, 0.50-0.93°C; p-0.02) The authors conclude that (a) a lower CBT in the brain-dead donor before procurement may be associated with an unfavorable clinical course after heart transplantation and (b) more research is required, before therapeutic hypothermia can routinely be used in multiorgan donors when a cardiac transplantation is intended. However, the results presented in the article of Schnuelle et al must be viewedwith great caution. There are several major limitations with this analysis and thus proper interpretation of the data is vital. Some of the limitations, mentioned by the authors, include the possibility of incidental observation rather than cause and effect. Because this is a retrospective secondary analysis of data from a prior intervention trial that was not designed to investigate the consequences of donor hypothermia, no causal inference can be made. In addition, temperature readings were not part of protocol measurements, and the sample size was small. The small sample size in particular limits the number of variables that can be appropriately used in the multivariable analysis. There are many donor and recipient variables that could affect the outcome after heart transplantation. Given the


This paper presents a summary of experimental work conducted by the authors in the area of acoustical wave propagation through turbulent media. The ultrasonic time-of-flight method, using dual transducers, is utilized to determine some characteristics of grid-generated turbulent flow produced in a low turbulence, low speed open circuit type wind tunnel. The experimental work utilizes the high speed Data Acquisition (DAQ) card, Labview Software connecting the experimental apparatus and computer, Low Speed Wind Channel with ultrasonic transducers placed in it and customary built grids, with heating elements inside.


The article explores the notion of landscape urbanism in the European – and especially the French – context. It develops the idea that this very recent notion of American origin, which is at the intersection of many theories and practices in landscape architecture, urban planning and design, ecology and architecture, may be used to partly describe a set of professional practices in landscape architecture which emerged in France and Europe from the 1970s. The role of the State in France in this change is highlighted, as well as the recent acknowledgment of the notion of urban sustainable development.


Abstract A series of graded titanium-hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings have been produced by single gun plasma spray technology, and their performance was compared with that of pure HA coating. The results show that deformed HA and titanium particles exhibit an alternate distribution in respective networks formed within the coatings. In comparison with a pure HA coating, less cracks appeared on the surface of the graded coatings and the shear bond strength was increased by 50-80%. The graded coating with two interlayers and a thin outer HA layer contained crystalline HA, an amorphous phase, α-tricalcium phosphate (TCP), β-TCP, tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), TiO2 and TiN; while no Ti-HA compounds were formed. As compared with pure HA coating, the graded coating contained more decomposed phases TCP and TTCP, resulting from titanium catalysing HA decomposition.


This article describes the design of a bi-level optimization model that can be used to assign optimal bus sizes and frequencies to public transport routes. The upper level of the proposed model minimizes a cost function representing the costs of the users and operators, and the lower level solves a public transport assignment model subject to a capacity constraint. The authors discuss the benefits of using either Hooke–Jeeves or tabu search algorithms for solving the bi-level model. They apply their models to a real-world example, the city of Santander (Spain). They conclude that both algorithms lead to very similar solutions. They also show that when both algorithms start from the same homogenous solution, the convergence speed of tabu search is almost 50% quicker than that of Hooke–Jeeves. Thus, the tabu search strategy is preferable if there is a need to solve a problem repeatedly and/or for large networks. The authors conclude with a brief discussion of the practical applications of this study, notably in fleet management and the incorporation of different sizes of buses for different levels of service frequency and demand.


The aim of the diploma thesis is to examine the quality of the chosen samples of pastes from both the Czech and the foreign producers and find differences between particular groups of pastes, especially how the raw material, influences the quality of pastes. The samples of pastes were tested for physical and were also tested by cooking. A part of an overall assessment was dedicated to sensory testing of the samples of pastes. Forty-five samples of pasta in total were studied and six hundreds seventy-five analyses were performed. The final assessment implies that the smallest number of unsatisfactory parameters falls to semolina products. That means that the quality of semolina pasta is assessed well in comparison to pasta from wheat flour, egg's pasta, whole-grain pasta. In addition, the semolina products were also assessed statistically as the best in sensory assessment. It is evident that the results are in accord with results of laboratory testing and that is why pasta made from this flour is ranked the best quality pasta.