Purpose : To evaluate the safety and usefulness of carbon dioxide (C02) as a venous contrast agent for upper-arm placement of peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC), vena caval filter placement, and for visualization of the portal vein in transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). Materials and Methods : About 2030ml of C02 was used as an alternative to iodinated contrast material for digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and fluoroscopy to guide upper-arm placement ofPICC in 46 patients, for inferior venacavogram before filter placement in five, and for visualization ofthe portal vein during TIPS in two. Vital signs, peripheral arterial oxygen saturation, and renal function were checked during and after delivery of C02. Results : All C02 DSA for PICC placement clearly delineated patency or stenosis of the central veins. In 41 of 46 patients (89 %), PICC placement with C02 guidance was successful. The mean number of venipunctures for PICC placement was 1.9, and the mean volume of C02 injected for venipuncture was 35ml. In five patients, Titanium Greenfield filters were successfully implanted into the inferior vena cava following C02 vena cavography. In two patients in whom hepatopetal portal flow was seen on indirect portography , the portal vein was visualized by C02-wedged hepatic venography. Injection OfC02 into the splenic vein following TIPS placement revealed shunt patency. Vital signs and oxygen saturation did not change, and there was no evidence ofrenal toxicity following C02 injection. Conclusion : C02 is a safe and useful alternati ve contrast agent for upper-arm placement of PICC, pre-filter placement cavography, and wedged hepatic venography and portography for TIPS.


Objective: To investigate, in a large prospective multicenter study, whether 2-[18F]-fluoro-2deoxy-d-glucose-positron emission tomography is sufficiently accurate to identify clinically important bone marrow involvement by Hodgkin's lymphoma to replace routine bone marrow biopsy in a developing tropical country. Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with Hodgkin's lymphoma were recruited from six cancer centers in Brazil. All were staged by the results of positron emission tomography/computed tomography that were centrally reviewed and by iliac crest bone marrow biopsy. Patients were classified as having marrow disease if they had lymphoma identified by marrow biopsy histology or had focal 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose marrow uptake that resolved following chemotherapy. Results: A total of 246 participants were recruited from six different centers and 62 (25.2%) were judged to have Hodgkin's lymphoma in the bone marrow. Positron emission tomography and biopsies were concordant in 206 patients (83%). Positron emission tomography correctly identified marrow disease in 59/62 patients (95.1%) and marrow biopsy in 25/62 patients (40.3%). In 22/62 (35.4%) patients, the two techniques were concordant in the diagnosis of marrow involvement. Of the forty discordant results, positron emission tomography ∗ Corresponding author at: Quanta Diagnóstico e Terapia, Rua Almirante Tamandaré, 1000, Alto da XV, Curitiba, CEP: 80045-170, PR, Brazil. E-mail address: email@example.com (J.J. Cerci). ttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.htct.2018.03.002 531-1379/© 2018 Associação Brasileira de Hematologia, Hemoterapia e Terapia Celular. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. This is an pen access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 246 hematol transfus cell ther. 2 0 1 8;4 0(3):245–249 found bone marrow involvement in 37 patients, upstaging 22 to stage IV and having an impact on therapeutic decision in nine cases given their reallocation from early to advanced stage. Three false negative positron emission tomography results were obtained with bone marrow biopsy giving positive findings. All three cases were classified as stage IV regardless of bone marrow findings implying no modification in the clinical management. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of positron emission tomography for detecting bone marrow disease were 95%, 100% and 98% and for bone marrow biopsy they were 40%, 100% and 84%,


together an eclectic collection of articles without connecting threads to stitch them together, the editors have violated a basic rule of collective works. Half of the contributions are potted versions of work already done by stalwart Ethiopianists. Inoffensive for the most part, occasionally they lapse into opinionated statements, such as one editor's assurance that Ethiopia's "revolutionary and federal democracy has become a model which is quite unique" (3). In his summary of the Meles Zenawi era that closes the book, the same editor gratuitously blames the hapless opposition for lacking "long term political maturity" in challenging the regime (430). Another contributor describes in some detail the tortured history of elections under the EPRDF, and concludes that the move to an effective multiparty democracy is some years away, "if only because of the weaknesses of the opposition" (330). One is left to wonder what accounts for a crippled opposition. The book also includes work by younger scholars based on recent research offering fresh data and perspectives, provided one can unearth them from the thick layer of conceptualization and pseudoscientific jargon they are buried under, following current social science fashion. Among other topics, this covers the reaction of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church to the challenges of modernity represented by the phenomenal spread of Pentecostalism, the veiled posture of Islam in Ethiopia (a faith that represents some 34% of its population), as well as the revival of Rastafarianism. Such shortcomings notwithstanding, Understanding Contemporary Ethiopia does provide useful guidance to anyone with a recently acquired interest in the fortunes of that country. John Markakis Exeter , United Kingdom doi:10.1017/asr.2016.48 email@example.com


In recent decade, there are significant growths on Asian equity markets, especially the economic emergence in China and India accelerates this trend. Therefore, this thesis uses market microstructure to review the development in six Asian equity markets, to observe that if they have sound trading mechanisms, such as automated trading systems and clearing and settlement systems, and proper policy tools to avoid stock price volatility behind the fast growths in equity markets. This thesis is divided into six chapters. Chapter one is the Research Motivation and Objective. Chapter two is the Literature Review. Chapter three is the Profiles of six Asian Equity Markets. Chapter four is the Market Mechanisms of six Asian Countries. Chapter five is the Controls on Market Volatility. Chapter six is the Conclusions. The research results indicated that China's market is displaying many of the classic warning signs of a bubble, India's low turnover implies that inefficiencies remain due to the high proportion of untraded companies, and it also has the highest transaction cost within six countries. All six Asian stock exchanges have adopted the latest risk management concepts and trading technique to improve their operations. Equity markets in Singapore and Korea are mature and stable in any dimension, and Thailand has sufficient room to grow. China and India are inferior to Japan in both Securities Borrowing and Lending and Settlement Guarantee Funds. They should strengthen the soundness of market structures, so that they can deal with any different trading and settlement risks efficiently when volatility happens, and to ensure that trading can be done smoothly.


In this industrial engineering study working postures of 57 workers in an assembly of a trailer manufacturer were analyzed according to the OWAS method and its extension to head postures. For eight especially stressful work tasks 19714 body postures were analyzed. Overall the working posture analysis identified a largely acceptable postural load. A significant influence of the work task on relative frequencies of posture categories and work posture combinations assigned to the same action category was found. Differences in working postures within the same work task could be identified. Finally it is shown that the conducted work posture analysis can help to improve the stress situation of workers through postural load balancing.


"Siberia on Fire" brings together some of the best stories and essays by Valentin Rasputin, widely regarded as the finest writer in the Soviet Union today. Although the people and places that make up his fiction are characteristically Siberian, Rasputin's broad appeal and international recognition stem from universal themes the interdependent elements of nature; the cultural and historical continuum maintained by past, present, and future generations; and the clash between modern and traditional mores. Rasputin was born in a small Siberian village on the Angara River in 1937 and educated at Irkutsk University. His work displays his continuing concern about the economic development of the vast wilderness of Siberia and its effects on the land and the people. Siberia has undergone monumental changes brought on by the excesses of Stalinism in the twenties and thirties, the losses and deprivations during World War II, and the massive construction and modernization projects of more recent decades. A prominent feature of Rasputin's fiction, often associated with the "village prose" movement, is the portrayal of a traditional way of life that is vanishing along with huge tracts of forests and three-hundred-year-old villages."


Parachironomus lupus is described and figured as adult male, pupa and larva, and the immatures of P. cayapo Spies et al. and P. tirio Spies et al. are described for the first time based on specimens collected from different water systems in southeast Brazil. Generic diagnoses for the adult male, pupa and larva are emended, and keys to pupae and larvae of four Parachironomus known from Brazil are presented.


ABSTRACT. A case report of a 920 g infant developing a small intestinal obstruction following therapy for congestive cardiac failure is presented. Although the causation was thought to be milk curd obstruction, subsequent analysis revealed high concentration of calcium and phosphate in the stools.


The application situation of SPOT5 satellite remote sensing information to forest resources inventory in Yunnan province is introduced and the achievement obtained is summarized.The problems such as insufficient understanding of the connotation of remote sensing,unrecognizable specific soil type,difficult interpretation of tree species composition,unable to interpret by volume directly,extensive interpretative factors of age group and degree of closure and etc are all identified.Moreover relevant ideas and suggestions for the solution to these problems are put forward.


Technological innovations in blades, turbines and foundations are helping to spur the growth of wind farms in a dramatic way. Despite economic and political uncertainties, weakening investments, grid connection issues and a dip in the U.S. onshore wind energy market, offshore wind farms around the world continues to grow at a very fast pace. The European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) says 132 offshore wind turbines in 13 wind farms came online in the first six months of 2012, which is an increase of 50% from the same period in 2011. EWEA also reports that as of June 2012, 4.3 GW of offshore turbines had been installed off the European coast, and conservative estimates are that the total could grow to 25 GW by 2020. In Japan a huge new 1-GW offshore wind farm was announced in January to replace the nuclear power capacity lost in the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami. Although the United Kingdom (UK), Germany, Belgium, France and Italy lead the offshore surge, China's offshore wind industry is reportedly poised for extensive growth. Moreover, Morocco and Tunisia have active developments, and in 2014, Egypt will begin work on a 200-MW wind farm in the Gulf of Suez. In fact, the offshore wind analysts are tracking 1,301 offshore wind projects in 38 countries with a total nameplate power capacity of 3.6 GW. What is propelling this growth? The Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC) cites offshore wind as-yet unrealized potential and its advantages over land-based wind systems. The latter include higher wind speeds, less turbulence, fewer environmental constraints and the fact that most urban centers are located on coastlines. In the United States (US) for example, an energy R&D engineer with the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Wind and Water Power Program, states that twenty-eight coastal and Great Lakes states use 78 percent of the US's electricity and it is projected that the U.S. offshore wind market to grow substantially and reach $2 billion by 2020. However, the article discusses how growth will require belt tightening and technical innovation. The GWEC points out that offshore technologies are still new enough to present significant opportunities. The article discusses how traditional wind turbine designs have their limitations, and continued evolution of an existing design will eventually lead to diminishing returns. In order to expand the market of current low-wind-speed turbines into higher-speed wind environments, innovation is required, and innovation requires investment, which is sometimes difficult to justify in a difficult market environment. Cost-saving innovations are already proliferating, and many center around composite materials. The article discusses how new blade and turbine designs include segmented blades and pultruded spars and floating systems are already in the works to enable affordable turbine installations over deep water.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address the thermo-physical impacts of unsteady magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow of non-Newtonian tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past a moving stretching wedge. To delineate the nanofluid, the boundary conditions for normal fluxes of the nanoparticle volume fraction are chosen to be vanish.

Design/methodology/approach
The local similarity transformation is implemented to reformulate the governing PDEs into coupled non-linear ODEs of higher order. Then, numerical solution is obtained for the simplified governing equations with the aid of finite difference technique.

Findings
Numerical calculations point out that pressure gradient parameter leads to improve all skin friction coefficient, rate of heat transfer and absolute value of rate of nanoparticle concentration. As well as, lager values of Weissenberg number tend to upgrade the skin friction coefficient, while power law index and velocity ratio parameter reduce the skin friction coefficient. Again, the horizontal velocity component enhances with upgrading power law index, unsteadiness parameter, velocity ratio parameter and Darcy number and it reduces with rising values of Weissenberg number.

Originality/value
A numerical treatment of unsteady MHD boundary layer flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid past a moving stretched wedge is obtained. The problem is original.


Routing is a critical factor to ensure the stabilization and normal communication of P2P network. If routing is interrupted, the communication efficiency will deteriorate and even cause the crash of the whole P2P system. The widespread problem of existing P2P routing mechanisms is their poor anti-attack. The paper proposes a safe routing algorithm based on positive detection mechanism, which can detect abnormal peers in the routing path and exclude them. In addition, the algorithm can decrease length of routing path, reduce communication delay, but without loss anti-attack capability. The simulated experiment demonstrates that the new algorithm has obvious effect on raising anti-attack capability of P2P network, and improves safety and efficiency.


ABSTRACT This paper presents data on the size and growth of general government expenditures and receipts relative to GDP in OECD countries over the 1960–81 period. A feature of these trends is the widespread appearance of budget deficits in the mid-seventies, following the sharp increase in government expenditures relative to GDP in the two years immediately after the first oil shock in 1973. Having presented these data, the paper tests several hypotheses relating the size and growth of government to macroeconomic performance using an international cross-section framework. The economic performance indicators used are the rate of economic growth, the rate of consumer price inflation and private sector employment growth. Overall, the results provide little evidence that government size and growth have been detrimental to economic performance, particularly in the period since 1975, although an inverse relation existed in the sixties between government size and economic growth.


The Church of Sweden has, under the past few years, had a special focus on their Church-handbook of 1986. There has been a widely-discussed debate among the different congregations in Sweden if, an ...


In this work the sintering behaviour of fine, ultrafine and nanocrystalline WC-12Co mixtures obtained by high energy milling, as well as commercial nanopowders, have been studied, in order to evaluate the effect of the particle size and the powder processing, in the densification, microstructural development and mechanical properties of the final product. The consolidation of the mixtures has been made by uniaxial pressing and sintering in vacuum, and by hot isostatic pressing. The sintered materials have been evaluated by measures of density, hardness and indentation fracture toughness, and microstructurally characterized by optical microscopy and scanning and transmission electronic microscopy (SEM and TEM). The results show the improvements in resistant behaviour of the materials obtained from nanocrystalline powders, in spite of the grain growth experienced during the sintering. The best results were obtained for the milling nanocrystalline material, which presents values of hardness higher than 1800 HV.


It trembled and exploded, left a bus stop in its place
The bus came by and I got on, that's when it all began


In the article such conjunction particles as tak (so), vse-taki (after all), vse zhe (still), vse ravno (all the same), tem ne meneye (nevertheless) the meaning of which are connected with a culturological tendency of modern Russian language are studied. Viewing the analogs of the conjunctions with the account of this aspect causes the relevance and novelty of work. The purpose of the research is to describe compound sentences with the analogs of the conjunctions in the light of current trends of changes in the language system. Drawn conclusions: 1) the category of uncertainty peculiar to the Russian mentality at the syntactic level is expressed by undifferentiated relations; 2) undifferentiated relations are marked by the analogs of the conjunctions ( tak (so), vse-taki (after all), vse zhe (still), vse ravno (all the same), tem ne meneye (nevertheless)) appearing owing to the replacement of double clamps with single; 3) polypredicative formations with the analogs of the conjunctions (in many cases capable to be replaced with coordinate conjunctions) can't be referred to the sphere of the coordination as these analogs mark a post-positive part of the formations as dependent; therefore it is logical to define relations in such formations as being out of the opposition "coordination – subordination"; 4) one of the causes of undifferentiated relations are current trends of changes of the language system: a) the staticizing (fragmentary) prose leading to the destruction of subordinative constructions, b) emergence of the newspeak accompanied with "diffutisation" and "secretion" of new word formations and meanings of the known words and expressions.


Background: Laryngomicroscopy causes considerable haemo‐dynamic and ECG changes and therefore requires high doses of anaesthetic agents, which prolong recovery. In this double‐blind randomized work, we studied the effect of esmolol, a short‐acting beta‐adrenergic receptor‐blocking agent, on haemodyn‐amic and ECG changes during laryngomicroscopy under thio‐pental‐alfentanil‐isoflurane‐suxamethonium anaesthesia.


This paper applies minimum variance portfolio optimization to the Baltic equity markets and describes the out-of-sample performance of the optimized portfolios. The sample covariance matrix enhanced by Bayesian shrinkage procedure is employed to determine portfolio weights. The empirical results show that in the long run Baltic minimum variance portfolios have 20-30% lower volatility without the expense of lower returns compared to capitalization weighted market indices. Although such portfolios underperform the market indices in terms of returns during market upturns, they significantly outperform in a downtrend. Conclusions suggest that use of minimum variance portfolio optimization may substantially improve the investment performance of Baltic equity markets' participants.


A new generation of silicon pixel detectors is required to cope with the unprecedented luminosities at the high-luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) in 2025. The HL-LHC provides a high radiation, high interaction rate environment for the innermost detector region of the CMS detector. This can lead to an uncontrolled increase in temperature of the detector that can destroy the silicon pixels. Moreover, too high operating temperature can add noise to the data obtained from the detector and can slow the read out cheap down. Therefore, the Phase II upgrade to the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment requires an improved heat removal scheme. This challenge can be solved by using carbon fiber as one of the materials for silicon detector support structure. This material has relatively high thermal conductivity and structural stability. To properly simulate the behavior of a support structure in the experiment environment, it is crucial to know the thermal conductivity of these materials. The thermal conductivity of carbon fiber is anisotropic, meaning that it is different for different directions through the material. Therefore, we measure the thermal conductivity along and perpendicular to the fibers. To measure the in-plane thermal conductivity of thin sheet carbon fiber, the "steady-state" method is employed. The validation of the apparatus is done with two materials of known conductivity. In-plane thermal conductivity measurements of several thin carbon fiber sheets are performed. Measurement results show the Carbon Fiber K13D2U thermal conductivity of 515 W/mK in the plane and along the fiber.


President McKeachie's opening salvo against textbook practices in the February 1976 Faculty Forum was timely vis-a-vis the issue of written standards for providers of psychological services which was aired in an open forum at the 1975 APA Annual Convention. Where teachers of psychology fail in their professional responsibility to be circumspect in the use of textbooks, they invite litigation or other intrusions of consumerism which will impact dangerously on academic freedom and autonomy The professor's situation parallels the familiar role of the physician and prescription drugs. Professional judgment chooses the textbook for a course, and the drug for a disorder. The professional who makes the selection, with efficacy in mind, does not pay the costs. Consequently, the drug and the textbook may excel, if at all, by a slight margin over others (e.g., generic drugs, and older or cheaper textbooks) which might have been chosen if cost were included as a factor. How oiten do we have the current prices (or any prices) when we look at prospective textbooks? (One recent textbook catalog did not even include the prices at all, and examination copies frequently are not invoiced for price.) The cooperation of the publishers as well as the shaping of professorial behavior may be in order here. In this ageof inflation itwould be beneficial, too, if publishers could guarantee price lists for some minimum period (if only for a month.) The frequent creation of new editions, often differing inconspicuously as to basic content compared to olderones, must be a contributor to higher costs. Publishers and authors who may themselves complain about the "planned obsolescence" of autos or appliances may, we suspect, find their hearts warmed by the burning of their older editions which might otherwise represent the major competition against their new editions. Could the continued availability of an older edition be encouraged as a clear alternative (at a substantially lower price) to the newer edition? If the new edition has real superiority should it not be able to compete with the older even at a higher price? Another basic issue was raised by Professor McKeachie when he wrote that "some of our best sellers were essentially written by individuals with baccalaureate degrees." Style, colorful format, and "high readability" are not, per se, bad. But the issue here is not merely one of expensive new bottles for old wine (in certain cases), but the cosmic issue of style and teaching methods versus the sometimes-conflicting values of serious or complex content. The educational establishment, at the pre-college levels, has often been accused of over-emphasis on methods in the training of teachers. It is hoped that we can explore, as professors, the goal of developing (perhaps paradoxically) methods for teaching each other howto improve our judgments of content in the writing and adopting of textbooks. To this end I anticipate that Teaching of Psychology may increasingly reflect an emphasis on ideas and intellectual concerns. Terms such as "coherent," "wise," or "penetrating" are probably not the first ones which come to mind as descriptive of the majority of introductory texts. Perhaps the very broad survey approach necessitates superficiality. Coherence and integrity are not so likely in these texts as they might be were we to pay more homage to the understanding of theoretical and philosophical presuppositions. In a journal about teaching it may be appropriate to tolerate some ideological warfare, polemics about theory, and exhortations to intellectual rectitude which would seem improper in most of the other journals.


In order to study the isolation and purification of an active peptide component from velvet antler of sika deer(Cervus nippon Temminck),confirm the primary structure of the novel peptide and compare the sequence and the activity with those of velvet antler of red deer(Cervus elaphus Linaeus),the velvet antler polypeptide was isolated and purified by ion exchange chromatography,gel filtration and RP-HPLC,which showed a single peak in HPLC chromatography and a single band in SDS-PAGE.The molecular weight was measured by MALDI-TOF MS.This polypeptide consists of a single linear chain of 32 amino acid residues VLSATDKTNVLAAWGKVGGNAPAFGAEALERM.The experiment results of bioactivity showed that the polypeptide had stimulant effects on the growth of rat epithelial cells,rabbit costal chondrocytes and rat NIH3T3 cell line,respectively in vitro.The straight chain of 32 amino acid residues of the velvet antler polypeptides of Cervus nippon Temminck was consisted with that of Cervus elaphus Linaeus,but they make a difference of 5,8,11 and 30 amino acid.There was no effect on stimulating proliferation of cells.


We used continuous matrix product states to describe the interaction between detectors and a scalar field, allowing a more general class of interaction to be described non-perturbatively. This allowed us to derive a set of coupled partial differential equations that describe the time-evolution of the system. Significantly, this reduces the numerical complexity of non-perturbatively time evolving a detector-field interacting system. Additionally, we present a useful graphical representation for continuous matrix product states. Future work will be focused on solving the partial differential equations derived and using this detector-field interaction to study entanglement harvesting in different space-time geometries.


The complete set of data from the Tenerife 10-GHz (8° FWHM) twin-horn, drift scan experiment is described. These data are affected by both long-term atmospheric baseline drifts and short-term noise. A new maximum entropy procedure, utilizing the time invariance and spatial continuity of the astronomical signal, is used to achieve a clean separation of these effects from the astronomical signal, and to deconvolve the effects of the beam-switching. We use a fully positive/negative algorithm to produce two-dimensional maps of the intrinsic sky fluctuations. Known discrete sources and Galactic features are identified in the deconvolved map. The data from the 10-GHz experiment, after baseline subtraction with MEM, are then analysed using conventional techniques, and new constraints on Galactic emission are made.


The need to stabilize the greenhouse gas concentrations of the atmosphere is the great environmental challenge of this century. To control these concentrations, humanity can reduce fossil fuel emissions and/or identify mechanisms to remove greenhouse gases once they have been emitted. The scope of the problem is challenging because of the size of the fluxes involved. Presently, industry, transportation, and domestic use emits nearly 10 Gt C to the atmosphere annually, and there is no immediate hope for a drastic reversal of these rates of emission (1). Thus, sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide as organic carbon in the biosphere attracts attention as an alternate way to help stem the rate of greenhouse gas growth and associated changes in our climate.

Some soil researchers have suggested that altered agricultural techniques can help restore much carbon to domesticated soils, thus helping mitigate climate change. But cultural and scientific challenges suggest that this proposition is overly optimistic and inherently flawed. Image courtesy of ScienceSource/Jerry Irwin.

For nearly 2 decades, researchers in the soil science community have studied and estimated the potential of sequestering carbon in soil organic matter (2, 3). The premise is inherently rational: nearly 10,000 years of cultivated agriculture has reduced global soil carbon by 116 Gt (4), an amount equivalent to more than a decade of the present rates of industrial emissions. Through changed agricultural techniques, it is proposed, much of this carbon can be restored to domesticated soils and thus serve as a significant tool to mitigate climate change, providing a wider timeframe for society to decarbonize. Unfortunately, both cultural and scientific challenges suggest that this proposal is overly optimistic and inherently flawed.

Nevertheless, this long and relatively well-funded (5) area of research recently gained novel international exposure because of the unveiling of the French "4 per mille" …

[↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: earthy{at}berkeley.edu.

 [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1


A new experimental approach reveals, for the first time, the formation of microstructural defects in gold when shock compressed to high pressure, a critical insight to understanding shocked states of materials.


Afzelia africana and Anogeissus leiocarpus are two timber species growing in Nigeria. The two species are used in the construction industry. While A. africana is regarded as a high grade wood species, A leiocarpus is referred to as a medium wood species. This study was carried out to determine the heartwood, sapwood and bark proportions of the two species along with their wood densities and alcohol benzene soluble extractable contents. The ages of the trees used in the study varied from 34 to 52 years in A. africana and 35 to 57 years in A leiocarpus . The heartwood ratio in A africana ranged from 44.6% to 75.9% with a mean of 60.9%.  The sapwood proportion also varied from 32.5% to 43.6% ,with a mean of 28.76%. The bark ratio varied from 5.8% to 12.24% with a mean of 10.20%.  The heartwood content of A. leiocarpus was a paltry 6.12% while the proportions of the sapwood and bark were 87.80% and 10.77% respectively. The mean densities of the two wood species were 716kg/m3 in A. africana and 731kg/m3in A. leiocarpus. The mean alcohol benzene soluble extractable content was 2.64% in A. africana and 1.82% in A. leiocarpus . The result obtained indicated that A. africana will be more durable and can be use without treatment in most applications while A. leiocapus may require adequate preservative treatment in situations where it will be used for outdoor purposes, most especially when it is to have contact with the ground in service. Keywords : heartwood, sapwood, bark, density, extractives


Crops yields are largely dependent on meteorological factors. In many cases these effects are transmitted through the intermediary of the soil. Rainfall in summer, for instance, controls the availability of soil potash (5); rainfall in winter determines the amount of nitrogen available in spring (6). However, in this paper still unknown cumulative weather effects will be discussed. The marine climate of Western Europe is variable. It is therefore, remarkable that regular cyclical variations of crop yields with a period of about 4—5 years occur (3, 4). These cyclical variations have been observed on experimental fields and in practical farming. The yields of various crops show similar variations. The same variations are found on different soil groups. This is demonstrated by the agreement between the sequence of yields of rye grown on sandy


This Department is devoted to short papers, research reports, notes and other significant research events. Two copies of write-ups, not exceeding 3,000 words, may be mailed to the Section Editor, Professor David A. Fennell, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com. In all cases, one copy of the report should be mailed to the Chief Editor, TRR. Not many studies emphasize vacationing at home and the 'grey area' between tourism and other recreational time that this kind of vacations represents. According to a qualitative study, informants perceive vacationing at home and going away on vacation as not-so-different means to the same end; i.e. to make best possible use of the scarce recreational time that is available. Hence, this note discusses vacationing at home as an important, albeit under-investigated, type of vacationing.


We have built a tool for inspecting and managing data lakes. The motivations for creating this tool are 1) schema discovery (determining links pertinent to solving a data analysis problem), 2) discovering high risk links in data schemas that give rise to Information Security problems and 3) discovering high value relationships enabling data asset curation. The tool works by extracting metadata from the Hive database on a shared-tenancy instance of Hadoop, which contained a multi-terabyte real-world data asset. We use this metadata to calculate a graph of the relationships between the entities based on column matching. This allows us to apply Social Network Analysis (SNA) techniques in order to discover meaningful properties of the accumulated data. For example to extract previously unknown relationships between data entities. The challenges and the agenda for future research are also provided.


At temperatures below 100° the rates of enolisation of the 16R-epimers of ent-kauran-15-one and 13β-kauran-15-one are much greater than those of the 16S-epimers, and the enols are exclusively ketonised to the 16R-epimers. Reasons for this kinetic control are discussed in terms of steric hindrance, torsional strain, and stereoelectronic factors. The conformation of these ketones is also discussed in terms of their o.r.d. and c.d. properties.


The purpose of this paper is to document the relation between the bank's regional CEO's emotional bias (optimism and loss aversion) and the delegation of decision rights to the account manager.,The partial least squares (PLS) method is applied to investigate the degree to which bank's regional CEO delegate decisions and the circumstances that drive variation in delegation.,The results show that delegation does not appear to be monolithic; instead, the results show that delegation varies with the personal characteristics of the bank's regional CEO.,Banks are invited to take into account the effect of the emotional biases of the directors on the delegation of its power.,The authors put forward an original effort that is intended to discuss in particular the effect of psychological biases on the decentralization of the decision-making rights.


Previous studies of the experiences of mainland Chinese students in the U.S. have focused on graduate students, the most prolific Chinese demographic change before 2008. However, a significant increase in mainland Chinese undergraduate students has occurred in American universities since 2008, and these students have different features from Chinese graduate students. Meanwhile, research on the mainland Chinese undergraduate student experience was very limited. For example, what are the sources of stress of these Chinese undergraduate students? What were their coping strategies? What changes did they have in the process? How do they evaluate their experience in the U.S.? This study is an attempt to answer these questions. This study employed a qualitative research method and a case study research design to examine the experience of six mainland Chinese undergraduate students in a midwestern American public university. Convenience, snowball and criterion sampling were used to identify the participants, who were conducted a semi-structured interview with in-depth follow-up probing sessions to yield data. Berry's (1997) acculturation framework was the theoretical framework for the study. Patterns that emerged from the data include: (1) six stressors are discovered in participants' acculturation process: language barrier, cultural difference, life skills-related stressors, relationships with others, academic studies, and concern for the future (including job opportunity and pressure for marriages). The stressors vary based on individual factors and their length of time in the U.S; (2) participants used three coping strategies to cope with stressful situation: problem focused, emotions focused and avoidance-orientation strategies; participants mainly rely on friends or roommates to cope with problems and are not aware of university's resources for help; (3) participants experienced many changes in this process, including improved English skill, independence, stress management, changed perceptions about U.S. and China; (4) participants' overall evaluation of the experience is positive but they don't think studying in the U.S. is for everyone; they hope university to provide more help overcome the difficulties; (5) participants also talked about dissatisfaction about Chinese education, cheating problems at the American university, using agents when applying for universities, desire to return to China eventually and their family financial support. Themes emerged crossing all patterns included: (1) participants did not what to expect before they went abroad but managed to overcome difficulties in the U.S.; (2) participants are willing to make changes and improve themselves by overcoming all barriers with the resources they know; (3) participants desire more help from the university to overcome the barriers to a better education; (4) participants seek better job opportunities whether in China or in the U.S. soon after graduation, but they eventually will go back China; (5) participants' family fully support participants' endeavor to study in the U.S. As a conclusion, the study makes recommendations to American university administrators, professors and Chinese students who plan to come to the U.S. American universities should develop a holistic approach to help Chinese international students. Language and cultural training and engagement is important. Partnership programs between American students and Chinese students may be established to help them with language and cultural training. At the same time, life-skills, relationship skills, academic study skills and training are needed for students who came during high school or after high school. The university should also use standardized test for admission to ensure quality of students. Professional career help is a very critical need for these students in China and in America. Finally, the study recommends further research to better understand this unique population. EXPLORING THE EXPERIENCE OF MAINLAND CHINESE UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS AT AN AMERICAN UNIVERSITY


The electrochemical behavior of the LaSrCuO4 – δ/Ce0.9Gd0.1O2 – δ interface is studied by imped ance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry methods. By analyzing the dependence of the impedance fre quency spectra on the oxygen partial pressure, the rate determining stages of oxygen exchange are deter mined in the temperature interval of 500–900°C. For temperatures above 700°C, the adsorption of oxygen molecules and their dissociation to oxygen atoms are shown to make a substantial contribution to the polar ization resistance of the overall electrode process, besides the charge transfer resistance.


I report an interesting case of anuria due to metastatic carcinoma of the ureters. A female, 41 years of age, was admitted to our clinic with chief complaint of anuria which had been lasting for 5 days. Uretercatheterism was tried. It was done with great difficulty; and yet it was scarcely possible to insert the catheter into the left ureter. After all, no urine was obtained. Then, nephrostomy and decapsulation was done. At that time, I noticed that the peritoneum, colon, ovariums and uterus clearly showed carcinomatous changes and the ureters presented periureteral mass. After 37 days, she died of shock caused by acute abdominal pain. An autopsy revealed that the primary lesion was the cancer in the stomach, and that the actual cause of her death had been its perforation. This is a rare case of gastric cancer. There are very few cases like that, so I have made researches in these cases seeking for some examples in domestic and foreign references.


A common human experience is noticing that emotional life events are more vividly remembered than dull ones. Studies show that the amygdala plays a central role in such emotionally driven enhancement of memory. With this in mind, we investigated the effect of electrical brain stimulation of the left human amygdala on performance on an emotional perception and emotional memory task. We randomly applied sub-threshold 50 Hz stimulation to the left amygdala in 10 patients (5 female and 5 male) with intracranial electrodes during the encoding portion of an emotional valence perception and emotional memory task. We found that amygdala stimulation did not affect reported valence for neutral stimuli (non-stimulated group average valence 5.34, stimulated 5.38, p=0.68) but it did affect positively (non-stimulated group average valence 7.31, stimulated 6.70, p=0.004) and negatively (non-stimulated group average valence 2.79, stimulated 3.55, p=0.0002) valenced stimuli in effect reporting both valence categories as more neutral. Furthermore, we found that stimulation did not significantly disrupt memory for neutral stimuli (68% vs. 61% correctly remembered p=0.48) or positive stimuli (87% vs. 70% correct, trend towards significant difference p=0.09) but did for negative stimuli (83% vs. 67% correct, p=0.03). These results suggest that electrical brain stimulation by our parameters likely reversibly inhibits amygdala function disrupting neural networks responsible for emotional perception and memory. This effect may have clinical implications in treatment of certain neuropsychiatric disorders, such as emotional dysregulation and post-traumatic stress disorder. Statement of significance The current study builds and expands on extensive prior research into the function of the human amygdala. It provides the first systematic description in humans of a cognitive change brought about by direct electrical stimulation of the amygdala on perception of emotional valence and emotional memory. The results provide further evidence on the importance of the amygdala in human cognition. Likewise, out method utilized to study the function of the amygdala can be extended to study the function of other brain regions in humans, such as the cingulate. While these results are preliminary and need to be duplicated, we aim to further study the effects of amygdala stimulation on emotional processing including possible therapeutic application for diverse group of neuropsychiatric conditions.


The antipsychotic compound nemonapride 1 was synthesized in nine steps from d-alanine 2. The key steps for the synthesis of the 3-aminopyrrolidine moiety include a Birch reduction of a cyclic enaminoester and the reduction of a pyrrolidinone to the pyrrolidine 7. Final coupling with the benzoic acid derivative 9 gave 1 as a single enantio- and diastereomer.


Over the past two decades, the most commonly adopted explanation for high and hard X-ray emission in resolved quasar jets has been inverse-Compton upscattering of the cosmic microwave background (IC/CMB), which requires jets that remain highly relativistic on 10–1000 kpc scales. In more recent years various lines of observational evidence, including gamma-ray upper limits, have disfavored this explanation in favor of a synchrotron origin. While the IC/CMB model generally predicts a high level of gamma-ray emission, it has never been detected. Here we report the detection of a low-state Fermi/LAT gamma-ray spectrum associated with two jetted active galactic nuclei that is consistent with the predictions of the IC/CMB model for their X-ray emission. We have used archival multiwavelength observations to make precise predictions for the expected minimum flux in the GeV band, assuming that the X-ray emission from the kiloparsec-scale jet is entirely due to the IC/CMB process. In both sources—OJ 287 and PKS 1510−089—the minimum-detected gamma-ray flux level agrees with predictions. Both sources exhibit extreme superluminal proper motions relative to their jet power, which argues for the well-aligned jets required by the IC/CMB model. In the case of PKS 1510−089, it cannot be ruled out that the minimum gamma-ray flux level is due to a low state of the variable core that only matches the IC/CMB prediction by chance. Continued long-term monitoring with the Fermi/LAT could settle this issue by detecting a plateau signature in the recombined light curve that would clearly signal the presence of a nonvariable emission component.


In order to investigate the physiological variation characteristics of the desert plant Reaumuria soongorica,the chlorophyll and proline content in leaves were measured in 407 individuals from 21 natural populations.At the same time,the soil physiochemical properties including soil water content,soil total dissolved solids,soil total nitrogen,soil total phosphorus and soil organic content were also analyzed to survey the major factors which influence the proline and chlorophyll content variation.The results showed that there were significant differences in chlorophyll content among 21 R.soongorica populations.The soil factors had a more stable effect on chlorophyll biosynthesis in leaves of R.soongorica compared with meteorological factors.The water content and total phosphorus content in soil were the primary factors resulting in the variation of chlorophyll content in different natural populations.The proline content of R.soongorica was correlated negatively with soil water content and leaf water content,positively with the total dissolved solids in soil significantly,and more higher than that of other desert species such as Kalidium foliatum,Alhagi sparsifolia and Achnatherum splendens reported.We concluded that the proline accumulation in R.soongorica was the response to arid and saline environment,and it related to drought resistance and salinity tolerance.


Sea level changes may be graphically illustrated utilizing ecologs, which are constructed by plotting paleobathymetric well data against depth in a well. Theoretically, each ecolog cycle is the result of the interaction of eustacy and regional vertical movements. Although ecologs are generally used to illustrate changes in sea level, they can be used for stratigraphic correlation. Differences in ecolog cycles among wells may be just as important as their similarities. In theory eustacy is a constant that can be substracted from relative sea level change to delineate regional vertical movement. During the Neogene, oxygen isotope ratio cycles represent a record of paleoglaciation and, therefore, eustacy. Therefore, oxygen isotope ratios may be used in conjunction with ecologs to distinquish between eustatic events and regional vertical movement in Neogene stratigraphic sections.


The incubation of endotoxin derived from Veillonella alcalescens or Serratia marcescens with fresh guinea-pig serum leads to the production of a factor which contracts guinea-pig ileum. This factor has been identified as an anaphylatoxin since it causes tachyphylaxis and its activity is abolished by antihistamines. The activity is not generated if the serum has been heat inactivated or if the reaction is carried out at 0° or in the presence of EDTA. The complement system (C′) is implicated in the generation of this anaphylatoxin by the above data and by static and kinetic C′ consumption studies which show a correlation between the disappearance of the late acting C′ and the appearance of gut contracting activity. Endotoxoid preparations which do not utilize C′ are not able to generate anaphylatoxin. A further parallel between classical anaphylatoxin and the endotoxin-generated factor is found in the pattern of mammalian sera which support the reaction. In view of the similarities between the biological properties of anaphylatoxin and the syndrome of endotoxic shock, it is suggested that some of the manifestations of the latter might result from an interaction between endotoxin and the C′ system leading to the generation of an anaphylatoxin.


Inactivating a specific protein within the mitochondria of Candida albicans disrupts activity in these organelles while also halting growth of this fungal pathogen, according to principal investigator Ana Traven of Monash University in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and her collaborators. The protein is one of several in the sorting and assembly machinery (SAM-37) complex of the mitochondrion, she says. Additionally, inactivating these mitochondrial proteins leads to cell wall defects, "providing insight into the complexity of cellular pathways that govern cell wall integrity." Details of the research appear in the April 2012 Eukaryotic Cell (11:532–544).


Background: Brain metastases are observed in up to 40% of all intracranial tumors. Some types of metastatic tumors cause difficulties in differential diagnosis, since they have similar signal characteristics with other pathological entities in neuroimaging. Obviously, the additional diagnostic methods to determine the prognosis and tactics of further management of this group of patients should be implemented. Aim: To study the role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in differential diagnostics and predicting the survival rate in patients with brain metastases. Materials and methods: The study included data from MRI and morphological studies of 23 patients with brain metastases. The obtained values of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of tumors were compared with their histological type, cell density, and the index of proliferative activity Ki-67. In addition, the influence of ADC values on the overall survival rate was assessed. Results: A reliable inverse correlation of ADC values and the index of proliferative activity for various types of brain metastases (r=-0.74, p=0.014) was established. The dependence of ADC values and overall survival rate of patients with metastases in the brain is presented. The overall survival rate in patients with an ADC value greater than 947.2 mm2/sec was 9.8 months (95% CI: 8.6−11.3), and with ADC value less than 947.2 mm2/sec ― 6.4 months (95% CI: 3.7−9.1). Conclusion: The technique of diffusion-weighted MRI plays an important role in the differential diagnosis of brain metastases; it can be used as a tool of comprehensive preoperative assessment when planning the surgery and as a prognostic factor of overall survival rate for this group of patients.


Modern energy systems are extraordinarily complex including a high number of actors (e.g. government, private investors, utilities, banks, pensions funds, consumers, NGOs) driven by different objectives and operating across very different timescales. Future energy systems in a decarbonised world are likely to be at least as complex as the current energy system, as trade-offs between reduction in CO2 emissions and other important characteristics of decarbonisation unfold and demand attention from the policy-making and academic community, as well as from a more inclusive set of stakeholders. The purpose of this report is to present the results of research aimed at identifying and prioritising evidence gaps from published literature on the impacts of the most salient energy system components of a future decarbonised system. We implemented a multistep mixed methodology to produce a prioritised list of research gaps in the literature which is both comprehensive and detailed bearing in mind the resources allocated to the project.


Based upon differential quadrature method (DQM) and nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT), mechanical-hygro-thermal vibrational analyzes of shear deformable porous functionally graded (FG) nanoplate on visco-elastic medium has been performed. The presented formulation incorporates two scale factors for examining vibrational behaviors of nano-dimension plates more accurately. The material properties for FG plate are porosity-dependent and defined employing a modified power-law form. It is supposed that the nano-size plate is exposed to hygro-thermal and variable compressive mechanical loadings. The governing equations achieved by Hamilton\'s principle are solved implementing DQM. Presented results indicate the prominence of moisture/temperature variation, damping factor, material gradient index, nonlocal coefficient, strain gradient coefficient and porosities on vibrational frequencies of FG nano-size plate.


Paleographic, art historical, metallurgical, and archaeological data are used to identify the monumental bronze tetrapod ding vessel as a preeminent symbol of state authority and divine power during the Shang era of ca. 1640–1046 b.c.e . Paleographic data based on oracle bone terms and inscriptions includes reference to ding as a verb of ancestral sacrifice, and the ding vessel in the specialized compound, yiding, referring to the ritually and metamorphically empowered ding vessel. Art historical data accounts for differences in form and style between ding tetrapod and tripod types. Metallurgical data derives primarily from a unique source of high radiogenic lead in southern China exploited during the early Shang period. Archaeological data derives from excavated Shang tetrapod ding in royal burial or cache burials.


A study on a protection method for the block detection using in digital VCR is described. The target of the performance of the protection is to get less errors than error correction completed in a block. A method for reducing block errors that has satisfactory performance have been developed. >


We describe here the design and construction of a modern, state‐of‐the‐art nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) field‐cycling instrument. Fourier transform NMR spectra of both liquid and solid samples can be measured, and spin‐lattice relaxation times (T1Z) investigated over a broad range of magnetic field strengths ranging from 0 to 2 T. The instrument is based upon an existing personal computer‐based NMR spectrometer [C. Job, R. M. Pearson, and M. F. Brown, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 65, 3354 (1994)] which has been expanded into a fully computer‐controlled field‐cycling instrument. The magnetic field cycling is accomplished electronically by utilizing fast switching thyristors and a storage capacitor based on the Redfield energy storage concept. Unique aspects of the design include the field‐cycling magnet, which can reach fields as high as 2 T; the personal computer‐based NMR spectrometer and associated waveform electronics; and the use of a commercially available pulse width modulation switching current amplifier...


Background The Arms Export Control Act (AECA; P.L. 90-629; 22 U.S.C. 2751 et seq.) and the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (FAA; P.L. 87-195; 22 U.S.C. 2151 et seq.) establish provisions governing Foreign Military Sales (FMS) and Direct Commercial Sales (DCS) to foreign consumers, including foreign governments. FMS refers to the sale of U.S.-origin defense articles, equipment, services, and training (hereafter referred to as "defense articles") on a government-to-government basis. DCS refers to the sale of U.S.-government licensed defense articles and services directly from U.S. firms to eligible foreign governments and international organizations.


The Republic of Macedonia was among the first countries to ratify the Second Protocol to the 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of an Armed Conflict, thus helping to fulfil the conditions for its entry into force. The Protocol was ratified by an Act adopted on 23 January 2002 and published on 18 February 2002. This chapter describes the efforts of a network of Macedonian institutions and experts to implement innovative elements of the Second Protocol, such as enhanced protection, criminal responsibility and jurisdiction and protection of cultural property in an armed conflict that is not of an international character. It also discusses the results that these efforts have produced. Keywords: armed conflict; criminal responsibility; cultural property; enhanced protection; Hague Convention; implementation; Macedonian institutions; Republic of Macedonia; second protocol


In the present article the value of type of the permitted use of land lots related to the category of settlement lands is examined within the mechanism of state cadastral valuation as well as the correlation between the permitted use of land lots for the valuation and for city-planning zoning.


This thesis studies the following topics in Machine Learning: Bandit theory, Statistical learning and Reinforcement learning. The common underlying thread is the non-asymptotic study of various notions of adaptation: to an environment or an opponent in part I about bandit theory, to the structure of a signal in part II about statistical theory, to the structure of states and rewards or to some state-model of the world in part III about reinforcement learning. First we derive a non-asymptotic analysis of a Kullback-Leibler-based algorithm for the stochastic multi-armed bandit that enables to match, in the case of distributions with finite support, the asymptotic distribution-dependent lower bound known for this problem. Now for a multi-armed bandit with a possibly adaptive opponent, we introduce history-based models to catch some weakness of the opponent, and show how one can benefit from such models to design algorithms adaptive to this weakness. Then we contribute to the regression setting and show how the use of random matrices can be beneficial both theoretically and numerically when the considered hypothesis space has a large, possibly infinite, dimension. We also use random matrices in the sparse recovery setting to build sensing operators that allow for recovery when the basis is far from being orthogonal. Finally we combine part I and II to first provide a non-asymptotic analysis of reinforcement learning algorithms such as Bellman-residual minimization and a version of Leastsquares temporal-difference that uses random projections and then, upstream of the Markov Decision Problem setting, discuss the practical problem of choosing a good model of states.


Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS or NOS1) is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of various neurological diseases. A major challenge faced in the design of nNOS inhibitors emphasizes on potency in humans and selectivity over other NOS isoforms — eNOS and iNOS. The present structural-based in silico study was carried out to search potent and selective inhibitor for human nNOS from a set of 40 Withania somnifera phytochemicals structure. Ten phytochemicals appear as dual-selective inhibitors of nNOS over both iNOS and eNOS. Here we report five potent and selective human nNOS inhibitors, namely, Chlorogenic Acid, Withanolide B, Withacnistin Pelletierine, and Calystegine B2 based on their selectivity, binding energy and nNOS active site residues interaction profile. These phytochemicals have nNOS selectivity higher than 4-methyl-6-(2-(5-(3-(methylamino)propyl)pyridin-3-yl)-ethyl)pyridin-2-amine inhibitor and have potential as an oral neurotherapeutic agent to combat neurological disorders me...


In Global Hi-Tech possibilities, the control hypothesis assumes a significant part in unique Technological advancement around the world; Control hypothesis manages the control of dynamical frameworks in designed cycles and machines. The goal is to foster a review of Analytical or calculation administering the utilization of framework contributions to driving the dynamic performance of control theory framework to an ideal state while limiting any postponement, overshoot, or consistent state mistake and guaranteeing a degree of control steadiness with the intend to accomplish a level of optimality. In this Research Paper Author centres on Control Theory and investigate open and close circle control with the usage of traditional control hypothesis approach. Investigation methods and framework interfacing apparatus additionally investigated dynamic execution principles of Control hypothesis in Global High Tech Prospects.


The article investigates the possibility of obtaining reliable information on the adiabatic behavior of thermally unstable substances based on the thermokinetic data collected by differential scanning calorimetric experiments. In particular, it is developed a novel numerical algorithm which allows the estimation of the adiabatic onset temperature. Theoretical results are verified considering the thermal decomposition of dicumyl peroxide carried out under different calorimetric conditions. Encouraging results point out that the procedures developed allow the assessment of adiabatic critical parameters that are very close to the values determined during the experiments. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3806–3815, 2013


The King Faisal Foundation in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia has awarded the 2017 King Faisal International Prize (KFIP) for Medicine (topic: Biologic Therapeutics in Autoimmune Diseases) to Tadamitsu Kishimoto of Japan in recognition of his prominent role in developing a novel biologic therapy for autoimmune diseases. The Prize for Science in the field of physics has been awarded to Daniel Loss of Switzerland and Laurens W. Molenkamp of the Netherlands.


This paper analyzes the particle swarm optimization multiuser detector (PSO-MUD) under high-order modulation schemes, (particularly for M-QAM), in DS/CDMA systems single-input-single-output (SISO) multipath channels. In order to avoid the computation of complex-valued variables in high-order squared modulation, the optimization problem is reformulated as a real-valued problem. Considering previous results on literature for low-order modulation formats (usually binary/quadrature phase shift keying - BPSK/QPSK), a performancetimescomplexity trade-off comparison is carried out between PSO-MUD and local search multiuser detector (LS-MUD). Performance is evaluated by the symbol error rate (SER), and complexity by necessary number of cost function calculations for convergence. If the background for BPSK heuristic multiuser detection (HEURMUD) problem indicates that the 1-opt local search method is enough to achieve excellent performancetimescomplexity trade-offs, our Monte-Carlo simulation results and analysis show herein indicate the LS-MUD presents a lack of search diversity under high-order modulation formats, while the PSO-MUD is efficient to solve the MUD problem for high-order modulation schemes.


With the exception of the classical seminoma, the treatment of choice for malignant germ cell tumors of the testis remains controversial today. Before any specific mode of therapy can be considered, it is of paramount importance to have an accurate histologic diagnosis and a complete evaluation of the extent of tumor-spread at the time of initial diagnosis. The first step in making this accurate histologic diagnosis is, of course, the orchiectomy. There is certainly unanimous agreement on inguinal orchiectomy as the initial treatment when a testicular neoplasm is suspected. This is preferably accomplished by ligation of the cord at the internal ring because of demonstrated involvement of the spermatic cord by direct tumor extension. In addition, separate ligation of the vas and spermatic vessels at the internal ring facilitates excision if subsequent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is performed. Direct testicular biopsy or needle biopsy is to be condemned because of


A long duration test has been conducted for comparing various methods of attaching electrical interconnects to solar cells for near Earth orbit spacecraft. Representative solar array modules have been thermally cycled for 36,000 cycles between -80 and +80 C on this JPL and NASA Lewis Research Center sponsored work. This test simulates the environmental stress of more than 6 years on a near Earth spacecraft as it cycles in and out of the Earth's shadow. Evaluations of the integrity of these modules were made by visual and by electrical examinations before starting the cycling and then at periodic intervals during the cycling tests. Modules included examples of parallel gap and of ultrasonic welding, as well as soldering. The materials and fabrication processes are state of the art, suitable for forming large solar arrays of spacecraft quality. The modules survived his extensive cycling without detectable degradation in their ability to generate power under sunlight illumination.


Around one in six of the prescribing errors detected in the General Medical Council-funded PRACtICe study involved either the wrong dose or the wrong strength of medication. Around one in 10 of the prescribing errors involved giving a medicine at the wrong time. In this article we focus on the factors that need to be taken into consideration when selecting the right dose for an individual patient. We also highlight the importance of selecting the right timing for particular medicines. The article gives the reader opportunities to reflect upon different scenarios, and there are also suggestions for additional continuing professional development activities.


A multidimensional model for the analysis of heat pipe transients (HPTRAN) is being developed. The cornerstone of this model is a new ''partially implicit'' numerical algorithm for two phase flow. Time steps far in excess of the Courant limit (CFL number of 100 to 200) are allowed, without the computational burden per time step that accompanies a fully implicit treatment. The resulting computational efficiency renders transient multidimensional analysis practicable. This paper provides a brief description of the numerical method and presents the results of initial data comparisons. Bowman (1987) performed a series of experiments to investigate heat pipe vapor dynamics using a porous tube with blowing/suction. These tests were simulated using both distributed (2-D) and lumped (1-D) parameter models. Stable solutions were obtained using large time steps for a wide range of Reynolds (5 x 10/sup 4/-10/sup 6/) and Mach (0.1 to 1.0) numbers. Good data comparisons were achieved, with the multidimensional model outperforming the one-dimensional model. Areas for future improvements were identified in both the turbulence model and the finite difference form of the momentum flux terms.


Abstract During the 1980s and 1990s, many developing countries (DCs) have been engaged in far-reaching reforms of their financial systems, liberalising them and making them more market-oriented. This liberalisation, involving inter alia 'financial de-repression' has been inspired partly by the work of the McKinnon (1973) and Shaw (1973) [M-S] school. This paper suggests that, in addition to financial de-repression, there has been a major new element in the development of DC financial systems in recent years - the establishment and fast expansion of stockmarkets. These markets have played a key role in the internal as well as external financial liberalisation processes in leading DCs. Further, the paper finds that the actual behaviour of these markets in many countries has led to outcomes which undermine the effects of the higher real interest rates arising from 'financial de-repression'.


Lines of Resistance is filmed at the Berlin Wall Memorial, a preserved and sealed section of the former wall and death strip. The film, informed by the narration of tour guides and visitors comments, explores their interaction with and reactions to the memorial and considers the space as a site of control.


Objective:
 YouTube, the second most accessed site on the internet, has become a widespread source of healthcare information for patients. Videos for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafts (CABG) have accrued tens of millions of views on the platform, yet their educational quality is unknown. This study investigates the level of bias and misinformation in videos regarding CABG procedures on YouTube.

 Methods:
 YouTube was searched for various terms such as "Coronary Bypass Graft Procedure." After applying exclusion criteria, 73 videos were assessed. Two independent reviewers rated the material with the Global Quality Scale (GQS; 5 = high quality, 3 = low quality) to judge educational value. A ratio of view count to days since upload was applied to assess video popularity. Source, modality, and date of upload were recorded for each video as well.

 Results:
 An average GQS score of 2.95 was found, indicating poor educational quality amongst the 73 YouTube videos for CABG procedures. Videos uploaded by physicians (56 or 76.7%) had a significantly higher average GQS score than those not uploaded by physicians (p<0.001). In grouping cohorts by modality, physician-led presentations (24 or 32.9%) produced the highest average GQS score of 3.35; conversely, patient-friendly delivery methods (18 or 24.7%) yielded the lowest average GQS score of 2.36 (p<0.001) (Fig 2.). Neither view ratio nor days since upload significantly correlated with educational quality of the video.

 Conclusion:
 Although Coronary Artery Bypass Graft videos are readily available on YouTube, they often contain considerable biases and misleading information. With online sources for healthcare education now commonplace, physicians must be aware of the vast quantities of low-quality videos patients often encounter when weighing different treatment options. Further analysis of CABG videos on YouTube may allow physicians to ameliorate this gap by producing videos that are not only high quality, but highly viewed on the platform.


Objective To study the value of microcatheter in embolization and sclerotherapy of cavernous hemangioma below capsula of liver.Methods Thrombosed therapy in 18 cases with cavernous hemangioma below capsula of liver proved by CT and MRI before embolization and sclerotherapy was done,using 5F Yashiro catheter as guiding catheter and 3F SP microcathter was put into the feeding arteries of hemangiomas.Results Interventional therapy was successful in all cases.The damage of liver function was slight after thrombosed therapy and non serious complication was observed in all patients.Conclusion Treating cavernous hemangioma of the liver with microcatheter has such advantages as good therapeutic effect,slight damage of hepatic tissue and high successful rate.


A model of charged hole-pair bosons with long-range Coulomb interactions and very weak interlayer coupling is used to calculate the order parameter of underdoped cuprates. Model parameters are extracted from experimental superfluid densities and plasma frequencies. The temperature dependence T is characterized by a "trapezoidal" shape. At low temperatures, it declines slowly due to harmonic phase fluctuations which are suppressed by anisotropic plasma gaps. Above the single layer Berezinski-Kosterlitz-Thouless temperature, T falls rapidly toward the three-dimensional transition temperature. The theoretical curves are compared to c-axis superfluid density data by Kitano et al. J. Low Temp. Phys. 117, 1241 1999 and to the transverse nodal velocity measured by angular resolved photoemission spectra on BSCCO samples by Lee et al. Nature London 450, 81 2007 and by Kanigel et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 157001 2007 .


In this paper, we propose to create descriptive pages with question position indicators and filters (e.g. which chapter or page number) in a Q&A(Question and Answer) system for all the learning artifacts that offline courses are using. In this way, we extend the concept of artifact-centered online discourse to applications in classroom and out-of-class learning. We verify the hypothesize that organizing online course Q&A content around course artifacts increases the usefulness of peer questions and answers, and in particular that organization around course artifacts makes prior-course Q&A useful to students taking a subsequent course or engaging in self-study of a course between offerings. From a longitudinal perspective, it is shown to be beneficial to index student-generated artifacts of interaction with their position information to help answer future students' questions. We design and deploy this interface on the GopherAnswers(gopheranswers.umn.edu) platform, which is a Q&A site maintained by GroupLens (grouplens.org). Author


The article analyzes the contemporary legal regulation of moral and ethical aspects in the work of deputies and elected officials of local government. Identified certain sanctions in the study area. Identified problems to be solved and the author's position is formulated to address them.


Through an examination of seventeenth-century English sources and later Indian folklore, this article illustrates the centrality of religion to defining mascu- linity among Algonquian-speaking Indians in southern New England. Manly ideals were represented in the physical and spiritual excellence of individual living men like the Penacook sachem-powwow Passaconaway and supernatural entities like Maushop. For men throughout the region, cultivating and maintaining spiritual associations was essential to success in the arenas of life defining Indian mascu- linity: games, hunting, warfare, governance, and marriage. As is stressed through- out the essay, masculinity was also juxtaposed with femininity in a number of important ways in Indian society. In seventeenth-century New England, colonial observers often derided In- dian men, contending that ''these ranging foresters,'' as William Wood once termed them, failed to work and act as men should and offered a potentially dangerous example to the disorderly elements of Anglo-American society. In a typical seventeenth-century English assessment of Indian gender roles, Wood claimed that Indian wives were ''more loving, pitiful, and modest, mild, provident, and laborious than their lazy husbands.'' 1 Examining these conceits, scholars have often stressed that such views tell us more about English gender ideals than they reveal about the structure of Indian society. Correctly casting the English hostility toward male Indian gender roles as ethnocentric bias, such work takes special pains to stress the comparative egalitarianism of Native American gender relations. Despite these schol- arly insights, there remains a paucity of work that considers how mascu- linity was defined within the activities and events framing male life. 2 Such an approach illuminates how Indian masculinity was defined through rela-


This paper presents a fault diagnosis system for wind power equipment based on condition evaluation. The state variables and characterizing operation situation of the wind power equipment are monitored real-time. According to state assessment guidelines,condition evaluation is conducted and the result of the evaluation is used to analyze potential faults. In addition,appropriate maintenance strategy is given. Through the early failure prediction,the maintenance after the event is changed to pre-overhaul and the overhaul plan can be arranged reasonably. In this way,the operation and maintenance efficiency of wind power equipment is greatly improved with maintenance cost reduced at the same time. As a result,reliable and stable operation of wind turbines is ensured. The wind power equip-ment fault diagnosis system based on this method is successfully applied in the CSG EHV Power Transmission Company's overhaul and test center,and the application has proved that this method can effectively improve the real-timing and accuracy of fault diagnosis for wind power equipment.


The main theme of this text is the interactions of macromolecules and the consequences for biological function. The book brings together contributions from leading structural scientists who address challenging problems, such as crystallization of membrane proteins, the structures of large assemblies of proteins, proteins and RNA, proteins and DNA, and the structures of large viruses. Advances in macromolecular crystallography have provided new views of biology, and by working at the EM/Xray interface and by exploiting the potential of third generation synchrotron radiation sources for data collection from small crystals new targets can be addressed.


Abstract The governance of EMU was premised on the idea that market discipline, informed by fiscal surveillance, supports the building of a hard currency union. Theory would lead us to expect that the international–commercial and the supranational–technocratic assessments of sovereign debt are fairly aligned. But they were not. We show that credit rating agencies and Eurostat have rather different assessments of what certain policies mean for sovereign debt. These assessments reveal divergent institutional logics of market actors and regulators. Private agencies are prone to conformism and herding behavior, allowing for little consistent discipline, while the public agency follows a bureaucratic imperative of accountability and transparency, which gets in the way of evolving policy priorities. Our findings thus shed light on the difficulties of fiscal governance by regulation only but they also suggest that reforms at the EMU level do not provide quick fixes.


HCI is increasingly concerned with health information quality and spread of misinformation on social media. Despite many major platforms having been adopted across the world, the situated evaluation and sharing of health information is underexplored across diverse health systems and cultural and political contexts. Drawing on semi-structured interviews, we study the navigation of health information on social media in urban and rural South India, backdropped by plural knowledges around health and the specific politics and sociality of health and social media in this setting. We use Ivan Illich's concept of tools for conviviality [49] to distinguish between how people creatively use tools versus how tools manage and impose values on people—participants aimed to use health information towards care beyond institutionalized healthcare, but insidious misinformation and information-sharing practices served to commodify, spark uncertainty in, and discipline caring behavior. We use our findings to expand understandings of the use of health information on social media and how positionality shapes how people are affected by and respond to misinformation. We also draw attention to the structural aspects of health misinformation in the Indian context and how the design of social media platforms might play a role in addressing it.


The objective of this present work was to predict the strength distribution of bi-modular cylindrical ceramic specimen from that of another based on Weibull statistical theory. In order to do so, initially, semi-analytical expression for effective volume and effective surface for the cylindrical bar loaded in flexure were derived. In addition, strength scaling ratio from one flexural loading configuration to another with various Weibull modulus was made available. Elaborate experimentation and numerical simulations was carried out to verify the analytical model. Generally, strength scaling for specimen size is dependent on whether the flaws are volume or surface distributed; however, in this study, it was observed that the ratio of strengths from any two configurations, such as three-point flexural to four-point, is independent of whether the flaws are volume or surface distributed when the cross-sectional sizes are the same.


In the article, "Predictive factors for adrenal metastasis in extra‐ adrenal malignancy patients with solitary adrenal mass" by Byeon Kyeong‐Hyeon, Ha Yun‐Sok, Choi Seock‐Hwan, Kim Bum Soo, Kim Hyun Tae, Yoo Eun Sang, Kwon Tae Gyun, Lee Jun Nyung, and Kim Tae‐Hwan (Journal of Surgical Oncology 118(8): 1271‐ 1276), there is an error in the name of one of the author "Seock‐ Hwan Choi." The correct name is Seock Hwan Choi. (DOI: 10. 1002/jso.25272).


The loading and unloading company is partner for the loading and unloading cargo process at the port. Many loading and unloading companies, large and small, in Jetty Patratani, Indralaya, South Sumatra Province, cooperate to support the process smoothly. The cooperation process should give optimal performance. In this study, the employees' performance is measured by discipline as the character and skills in carrying out the loading and unloading activities. The aim of the study is to find out the effect of discipline and skills on the employees' performance of PT. Solid Shipping Indonesia. The study used Quantitative research methods with a cross-sectional research design. The population was all employees of the company, 152 people, with a 110 sample based on Slovin formula calculation. The data analysis technique was using multiple linear regression. The results show that, partially, the discipline variable has a positive and significant effect on employees' performance, the skill variable, partially, has a positive and significant effect on employees' performance, and simultaneously, the discipline and skill variables have a positive and significant effect on employees' performance.


The present invention relates to a bacterial cellulose -Nafion sandwich a proton exchange membrane, which sandwich a proton exchange membrane as BC-Nafion-BC or Nafion-BC-Nafion structure; preparation comprising: a film processing bacterial cellulose with alkali cooking and washing bacterial cellulose obtained gel film; sequentially stacking gel bacterial cellulose membrane, the treated Nafion membrane and gel-like bacterial cellulose film, or a stacked sequentially treated Nafion membrane, gel bacterial cellulose membrane and treated Nafion membrane, gel, or after drying the bacterial cellulose membrane was immersed in Nafion solution, dried, and finally to patenting treatment. Sandwich mixed proton exchange membrane of the present invention has a low methanol permeability, proton conductivity and high thermal stability, good application prospect in the methanol fuel cell; simple preparation process of the present invention, environmental pollution .


We investigate anharmonically coupled high- and low-frequency excitations in a planar lattice of adsorbed molecules interacting with phonons of a crystal. Dephasing of high-frequency local vibrations by low-frequency resonance modes is described in terms of the temperature Green's function. The equations obtained are solved, first, with a small ratio of the anharmonic-coupling coefficient for high- and low-frequency modes to the resonance width, and second, in the low-temperature limit. High-frequency spectral-line positions and widths depend on dispersion laws and resonance-mode lifetimes. It is shown that lateral interactions of low-frequency modes of adsorbed molecules can lead to a significant narrowing of high-frequency spectral lines, which is consistent with experimental data.


One government social service program that has been affected by the recent shift in political philosophy is the Urban Development Action Grant program (UDAG). Operated since 1977 by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), UDAG is intended to facilitate the creation of new employment opportunities in economically distressed areas. Awarded by the federal government to local public officials, UDAG funds are allocated to encourage private investment for industrial growth and expansion. These financial incentives, it is argued, serve as a catalyst for new employment opportunities created to assist the poor and the unemployed. In the context of a cost‐benefit analysis, however, the UDAG program may be an example of fiscal extravagance and administrative malfeasance. Three UDAG case studies reported offer a sample of federally subsidized UDAG industrial projects. Discussion of these projects is intended as a partial analysis of the UDAG program. Other issues addressed include the role of federal o...


The mathematical literacy ability of Indonesian pupils is still relatively low, as indicated by Indonesia's score of 379 for mathematical literacy in PISA 2018. Paying attention to the learning process such as the teaching materials used in learning, is one of ways to increase mathematical literacy skills. To strengthen students' mathematical literacy skills, it is great for building qualified mathematics teaching materials with the nuances of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) which are supported by the information and communication technology (ICT)-assisted Preprospec (Prepare, Problem Solving, Presentation and Conclusion) Learning Model. The research method used in this study is research and development (R&D), with the main reference of 4D-model development by Thiagarajan, whose stages are limited to define, design, and develop. The results showed that the feasibility test on teaching materials obtained the total average percentage of validator I to validator V, respectively, 90.19, 95.45, 93.90, 91.95, and 97.95 with very eligible criteria. It is easy to understand by students with a readability score of ρ = .109 > α = .05 or Cochran's Q = 13.091, and it can improve students' mathematical literacy skills, as evidenced by the Wilcoxon test and a gain normalization result of 485.


In 7 pregnant women, plasma immunoreactive ACTH and cortisol rose paradoxically after intravenous administration of TRH but not after saline. This anomalous response to TRH is reminiscent of that in about one third of patients with Cushing's disease. These observations adduce inferential evidence to the concept that in pregnancy and in a subgroup of patients with Cushing's disease the intermediate lobe of the pituitary is the source of circulating immunoreactive and bioactive ACTH responding to TRH.


In a paper published in the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry (Sanchez-Arenas et al. 2014), Sanchez-Arenas et al. concern themselves with the reliability of the EQ-5D-3L, which they refer to solely as the EQ-5D. They investigate both the reliability of the five single dimensions and the reliability of the whole instrument. Sanchez-Arenas et al. report that they have determined the reliability for the five single dimensions using Cronbach's alpha. This approach is mathematically impossible. Cronbach's alpha can only be computed for scales that consist of at least two items. However, each dimension of the EQ-5D-3L is measured with exactly one item. So, with the description given by the authors, it is completely unclear how the authors have actually produced the numbers they report. Therefore, in further research, these numbers should not be used as estimates for the reliability of the single dimensions of the EQ-5D-3L. Sanchez-Arenas et al. do not report how they have determined the reliability for the whole measurement instrument. However, considering that there is obviously only one measurement point, they cannot have applied the test–retest approach. Then, the only approach that they might have applied is computing Cronbach's alpha for the five items of the instrument. As elaborated elsewhere (Konerding, 2013), this approach is not appropriate for measurement instruments such as the EQ-5D-3L. Cronbach's alpha only provides an estimate of reliability if the measurement instrument is one-dimensional. Otherwise, the estimation of the reliability is an underestimation. Each of the five items of the EQ-5D-3L, however, refers to a different dimension. So, for this instrument, Cronbach's alpha will be lower than the actual reliability. Therefore, in further research, the number reported by Sanchez-Arenas et al. should not be used as an estimate for the reliability of the EQ-5D-3L.


A novel planar array antenna configuration for cross-polarization suppression is presented. Array configuration has a significant effect on the total array cross-polarization ratio, which is studied here. A simple dual-linear probe-fed stacked microstrip antenna is designed and used to implement this new planar array antenna configuration. Simulation results show that the cross-polarization ratio level is significantly improved at broadside and off-broadside steering angles.


Abstract Surface electromyography (SEMG) can be used as a tool to help gain the return/discovery of motor function in those with disabilities. This article presents the case of "Joey," an 18-month-old toddler. An already challenging case due to age is made even more difficult considering his genetically based multiple impairments. SEMG provided a window of opportunity, previously unavailable, to allow Joey to demonstrate the new motor skills that he was capable of learning.


Background: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends six well child checks (WCC) between 2 to 15 months. A large pediatric clinic in Southern California has an attendance rate of 86% and a very mobile population. Reminder phone calls have been shown to improve WCC attendance. Aims of Service Change: Improve WCC attendance to >90%. As an interim step, we implemented a pilot project and measured responses to AudioCOMMUNICATORTM reminder calls. Outcome: In two months 148 calls were made, the majority,74%, went unanswered, 26% were able to schedule an appointment or discharge from the clinic. Discussion: Reminder calls provide a simple way to schedule visits or update information. This technology could be used for other health promotion activities including immunizations, school/sports physicals, developmental screenings, and ADHD follow ups. A system with e-mail and text message capabilities would provide patients and families with other options for reminders, visit scheduling, and updating information. AudioCOMMUNICATORTM Reminder Phone Calls 3


Melanoma cells in culture express a variety of growth factors and cytokines and some of their autocrine and paracrine roles have been investigated. However, less information is available on the potential dynamic changes in expression of these molecules on cells during melanoma development and progression in situ. Using immunohistochemistry, we tested 40 nevi and primary and metastatic melanoma lesions for the expression of 10 growth factors and cytokines and the respective receptors representing 10 cell surface molecules. Nevi and thin (< 1 mm) primary melanomas showed little expression of ligands except weak reactivity of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) and reactivity of TGF‐βR and c‐kit. Marked up‐regulation of growth factors, cytokines and receptor expression was observed in thick (> 1 mm) primary melanomas, which were stained with polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, TNF‐α, TGF‐β, granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and stem cell factor (SCF), but not IL‐2. Metastases showed similar expression patterns except that SCF was absent. Co‐expression of ligand and receptor was observed for TGF‐β, GM‐CSF and IL‐6, suggesting an autocrine role for these ligands. TNF‐α appears to be a marker of benign lesions; IL‐6 and IL‐8 expression is associated with biologically early malignancy; TGF‐β, GM‐CSF and IL‐1α are highly expressed in biologically late lesions; and TNF‐β is an apparent marker of metastatic dissemination. Our results indicate that melanoma cells utilize cascades of growth factors and cytokines for their progression. Int. J. Cancer (Pred. Oncol.) 84:160–168, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


An Important part is plaged by commercial advertisment in economic development.The paper suggests an imperative task desired to the commercial advertisment during its creating and releasing in aspect of management idea and advertisment creation,in an attempt to attract attentions.


For complex mappings of the type z→λz(1−z), universality constants α and δ can be defined along islands of stability lying on filamentary sequences in the complex λ plane. As the end of the filament is approached, asymptotic values α N ∼λ N−1 ∞, δ N /α2 N ∼1 are attained, where μ∞=λ∞(λ∞−2)/4, is associated with the limiting form of the universal function for that sequence, g(z)=1−μ∞ z 2. These results are complex generalizations of the real mapping case (applying to tangent bifurcations and windows of stability) where μ∞=2 and δ/α2→ (2)/(3) correspond to the filament running along the real axis.


Previous studies demonstrated a low incidence of ADHD in individuals with mental retardation. However, at times these individuals may not receive a comorbid diagnosis because of the perception by many professionals that inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive symptoms are part and parcel of mental retardation. On the basis of the literature about the available empirical evidence, mental retardation plus ADHD may represent a different behavioral phenotype from mental retardation alone. The combination of the two was associated with more-severe functional impairment. Lower IQ appeared to be associated with a higher prevalence of ADHD. Limited evidence suggested some shared genetic etiology for the two conditions. Lower IQ was also associated with greater rates of persistence of ADHD into adulthood.


In these tough economic times, when customers no longer just walk through your door, seminars can be an effective marketing tool to promote your company's technical expertise. Conversely, if handled poorly, a seminar can do irreparable harm to your firm's image. This paper addresses some of the challenges that a company will face in planning and executing marketing seminars and provides some practical advice on how to meet these challenges. Among the issues analysed are how to select an appropriate topic, speaker, location and fee for your seminar, as well as pointers for a follow-up strategy to cultivate new clients.


Micro hydraulic power generation which has output of less or equal to 100㎾ is attracting considerable attention. This is because of its small, simple, renewable, and large amount of energy resources. By using a small hydropower generator of which main concept is based on using the different water pressure levels in pipe lines, energy which was initially wasted by use reducing of a valve at the end of the pipeline, is collected by turbine in the hydropower generator. In this study, we investigated the influence of the number of blades on the characteristics of small hydroturbine.


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Aim To estimate the rate of hospital admissions for trauma and burns due to external causes (ICD-10) for a 1 year period in comparison with the overall number of admissions in a university hospital providing emergency services for a city with a population of 1.5 million. A secondary analysis involved identifying the types of external causes and assessing their preventability and cost. Methods Analysis of case notes from five wards (Ophtalmology; Orthopedics and Trauma; Ear, Nose and Throat; Intensive Care; Neurosurgery) for the period of 1 January 2011–1 January 2012. The trauma cases and burns due to external causes as well as suicide attempts were summarised. The ratio between trauma due to extraneous causes and overall number admissions was calculated, the percentage of cases leading to long-term disability, their financial cost and the estimated cost of their prevention. Results We found that preventable traumas due to external causes comprise a significant part of all admissions, with ophtalmology, hand trauma and suicide attempts in untreated psychiatric disorders contributing considerably. Our secondary analysis revealed a high percentage of long-term disability as a direct result of these preventable traumas. These data highlight the need to increase prevention efforts, as well as the need to register hospitalised patients under section 'External causes' of ICD-10 when appropriate.