We present three structures of modified LDPC code ensembles designed for transmission over arbitrary discrete memoryless channels. We show that all configurations, under maximum-likelihood decoding, are capable of achieving the capacity of any discrete memoryless channel. We discuss practical iterative decoding of our structures and present simulation results confirming the effectiveness of the codes. I. QUANTIZED COSET ENSEMBLES The concept of quantization mapping is based on Gallager [4] and McEliece [6] , and is designed to overcome the shaping gap. Given a probability assignment Q(a) ,a E {0, ..., A 1) ( A is the channel alphabet size) a quantization ~ Q ( s ) , of length T , is a mapping from the set of vectors ( 0 , l }T t o (0 , ..., A l} such that the number of vectors mapped to each element a is zTQ(a). Applying the quantization to a vector of length NT is performed by breaking the vector into N sub-vectors of T bits each, and applying ~ Q ( x ) to the sub-vectors. The quantization of a code is obtained from applying the quantization to each of the codewords. Given a binary code ensemble C , the corresponding binary coset ensemble is obtained by adding, for each code C in C, codes of the form {c @ V I C E C} for all vectors v E (0, l}N (we neglect a slight deviation from the definition used in [l]). A BQC ensemble is obtained from a binary code ensemble by applying a quantization to each code of the corresponding coset-ensemble. MQC-LDPC codes are based on Gallager's LDPC codes defined over arbitrary alphabets, employing modulo-q addition (31. This structure assumes that the parity-check matrix elements remain mostly binary, although the codewords are defined over a larger alphabet. A coset arbitrary-alphabet ensemble is defined in a manner similar to the binary case. The quantization concept is similarly extended, with the mapping from the set of binary vectors being replaced by a mapping from the set (0, ..., q 1) (we assume q 2 A ) . GQC-LDPC codes are based on LDPC codes defined over a Galois fields GF(q) and allow parity-check matrices over the entire range of field elements. 11. MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ( M L ) DECODING In [I] we derive bounds on the ensemble average ML decoding error probability of quantized coset ensembles, as a function of the ensembles from which they were formed. With BQC ensembles, the bound is a function of the weight distribution of the binary ensemble, and of the quantization applied. 'This research was supported by the Israel Science Foundation, grant no. 22/01-1 and by a fellowship from The Yitzhak and Chaya Weinstein Research Institute for Signal Processing at Tel Aviv University. With q-ary based MQC and GQC ensembles, the focus on weight-distribution is replaced by types. We derive expressions for the asymptotic average ensemble type spectrums of Gallager's q-ary LDPC codes and of GF(q) based LDPC codes. For codes with sufficiently high connectivity, we bound the spectrums of both structures arbitrarily close to the spectrum of the random coding ensemble (the bound obtained for Gallager's codes is valid only for prime values of q). Building on these results, we prove that all three configurations, under ML decoding, are capable of achieving the capacity of an arbitrary discrete memoryless channel. More precisely, we show that for regular ensembles with sufficiently large connectivity, a typical code in the ensemble enables reliable communication at rates arbitrarily close to channel capacity. 111. PRACTICAL DECODING The BQC-LDPC belief propagation decoder is based on the well-known LDPC decoder with differences involving symbolnodes, derived from a factor graph representation by McEliece [6]. The MQC-LDPC and GQC-LDPC belief propagation decoders are modified versions of the belief propagation decoder introduced by Gallager [3] for arbitrary alphabet LDPC codes, employing q-dimensional vector messages. Efficient implementation of belief propagation decoding of arbitrary-alphabet LDPC codes is discussed in [2] and [7]. In keeping with experience available from standard LDPC codes, quantized coset LDPC codes favor irregular graphs and irregular quantizations (appropriately defined). We present BQC-LDPC codes capable of reliable transmission over the AWGN channel (determined by simulations) within 1.1 dB of the Shannon limit, and MQC-LDPC codes within 0.9 dB of the limit, at rate 2 bits per channel use, and a bit error rate of about lop5.


IT HAS long been known that there are wide species, sex and age differences in thyroid activity. It is also known that environmental factors such as season and temperature, iodine intake, pituitary activity, administration of goitrogens and the alteration of endocrine activity by other means may have a profound effect on thyroid function. In recent years evidence has been accumulating with respect to the influence of genetic makeup or constitution on thyroid function within species. During the past half century poultry breeders have greatly improved the type, productivity and efficiency of the various breeds of chickens such as the White Leghorn, Barred P]ymouth Rock, Rhode Island Red, New Hampshire and others. In addition, they have developed strains or lines of these breeds which are especially noted for such characteristics as egg number, egg size, rate of growth, rate of feathering, and so on. With such changes in phenotype and genotype, it is only logical to attempt to correlate these differences wit...


Electrocardiogram (ECG) has extremely discriminative characteristics in the biometric field and has recently received significant interest as a promising biometric trait. However, ECG signals are susceptible to several types of noises, such as baseline wander, powerline interference, and high/low-frequency noises, making it challenging to realize biometric identification systems precisely and robustly. Therefore, ECG signal denoising is a major preprocessing step and plays a crucial role in ECG-based biometric human identification. ECG signal analysis for biometric recognition can combine several steps, such as preprocessing, feature extraction, feature selection, feature transformation, and classification which is a very challenging task. Moreover, the employed success measures and appropriate constitution of the ECG signal database also play significant roles in biometric system analysis, considering that publicly available databases are essential by the research community to evaluate the performance of their proposed algorithms. In this survey, we review most of the techniques employed for the ECG as biometrics for human authentication. Firstly, we present an overview and discussion on ECG signal preprocessing, feature extraction, feature selection, and feature transformation for ECG-based biometric systems. Secondly, we present a survey of the available ECG databases to evaluate and compare the acquisition protocol, acquisition hardware, and acquisition resolution (bits) for ECG-based biometric systems. Thirdly, we also present a survey on different techniques, including deep learning methods: deep supervised learning, deep semi-supervised learning, and deep unsupervised learning, for ECG signal classification. Lastly, we present the state-of-art approaches of information fusion in multimodal biometric systems.


The present invention reduces the likelihood of the balances of electronic values that can be used for payment being insufficient when making a payment. An IC chip (22) stores one or more electronic values and a utility electronic value that can be converted thereto. The IC chip (22) subtracts, from the balance of the utility electronic value, an amount of money greater than or equal to the difference between a payment amount and the balance of an electronic value being used for payment. The IC chip (22) then adds the amount of money subtracted from the balance of the utility electronic value to the balance of the electronic value being used for payment and subtracts the payment amount from the resulting balance of said electronic value.


Edge computing is an important group test part in the modern Internet of Things architecture. Due to the uncertainty of the environment, the assignment algorithm of computing task unloading to the edge nodes is particularly important, where the unloading of independent tasks is the basic problem. In this paper, we establish the initial task allocation model for independent tasks in edge computing, and propose a reinforcement learning-based algorithm (Post) combining Proximal Policy Optimization and Cross Entropy. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the execution time and outperform the traditional strategy-based optimization algorithm to improve the system performance.


Contemporary social practices are increasingly permeated by a variety of semiotic resources or, in other words, by the combination of verbal and non-verbal languages - multimodality. However, it was not until recent times that multimodality received the status of a field (BEZERRA; NASCIMENTO, 2013). The present study then aims at mapping the studies on multimodality published in five A1 national scientific journals that were developed in Brazil in the period from 2009 to 2013 in terms of 1) theoretical and methodological trends; 2) genres investigated; 3) generic aspects approached; and 4) the geographical distribution of the studies in Brazil. To do so, the abstracts and the articles of the experimental studies were considered in the analysis. The results indicate that there was a small amount of publication related to the field. However, it was possible to note a growth in the number of studies in the period investigated. The majority of these studies are comprised in the social semiotic basis (BEZEMER; JEWITT, 2010) investigating mainly genres (MOTTA-ROTH, 2008) on the media sphere, especially magazine cover and advertisement. The publications are mostly affiliated to institutions on the Southeast region. It may be possible to argue that UFMG is the university in the Southeast region that is closest to holding a niche of investigation on multimodality, since there is a pattern in terms of theory use. The present study intends to contribute to the consolidation of the field in the national context as well as, pedagogically, help researchers and people interested in multimodality.


A finite element method for shakedown analysis of structures that undergo finite elastic ‐ plastic strains and rotations is proposed The idea is the simultaneous computation of all relevant load cases coupled by a common plastic strain field.


Pediatric onychomycosis is relatively uncommon, with an overall prevalence among all patients with onychomycosis of about 2.5 percent. The condition occurs more often in adolescents than in young children, says Amy Paller, M.D., Walter J. Hamlin Professor, chairwoman of dermatology, professor of pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago.


Online communities as a main element in local electronic training are a place to share questions and different opinions. One of the main objectives of online communities is to find the best solution in the least possible time. However, the high number of questions submitted in time prevents us from achieving the goal. In this paper, recommendation system is designed to filter out respondents range by applying an expert finding algorithm so that each user will receive question within his or her own level of knowledge. Making use of an expert finding algorithm, all users will be classified based upon their level of knowledge and then filtering will be applied on the set of derived dataset. The recommender system assessment shows that the operation of experts has been improved. Therefore, this utility can be used to help improve e-learning.


Jeon, Young-Joo. 2011. An Observation of a Communicative English Class Using COLT for Teachers as Researchers. Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics, 11-3, 649-676. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the COLT(Communicative Orientation of Language Teaching) observation scheme and to describe how to use the scheme in actual Korean English classrooms. COLT has been utilized in second language classroom research since 1980. Using COLT is a comprehensive way to code and calculate English classroom events, COLT can be used in a variety of English classroom studies especially for the teachers as researchers who want to improve their communicative English teaching skill based on practical educational environments. COLT parts A and B were used to investigate the level of communication for the English class which was nominated as the top of the English Teaching Awards by the government. The result of the study revealed that students who participated in the class communicated their genuine messages in English. It is also recommended that this kind of classroom observation like COLT be utilized to develop an appropriate rubric for selecting good English teachers through the use of a teachers' exam as well as judging a prominent English class involving characteristics of enhancing communicative competence in English. It is expected that more diverse and systematic communicative English classroom research can be conducted in the future with a widened use of COLT.


The contribution provides the critical edition of an unpublished funerary inscription of the Roman town of Altinum. The inscription is characterised by four aspects: opistography, the mention of a pater patronus, the insertion of a clause of 'affective prose', and the presence of formulae related to the 'dialogue with the passerby' scheme. The study reconstructs the original epigraphic situation, and highlights the promoter's self-representative strategies.


As there are lots of interferences,such as environments,infusion sets,test instruments,test operators,and etc,which will affect the accuracy test results of portable infusion pumps and controllers,this research summered some methods to avoid part of interferences.


The South African Grid recognizes the need to maintain an updated and validated dynamic database for power system stability studies. The code also specifies that power stations shall conduct test (or studies) to demonstrate that each generating unit complies with each of the requirements of the code. This paper looks at testing and model validation for South African Grid Code compliance.


This paper presents a sum of squares (SOS) approach to stability analysis of polynomial fuzzy systems with time-delay. Based on a novel polynomial Lyapunov-Krasovskii Functional, stability conditions are presented in terms of sum of squares in order to reduce the conservatism. The proposed SOS-based framework is more innovative and effective than the existing linear matrix inequality (LMI). The SOS designed conditions can be solved via the recent developed toolbox of Matlab, SOSTOOLS V3.00. Numerical example is given to illustrate the utility of the proposed approach.


Abstract Objective To quantitatively analyse expenditure on all fresh foods, fruits and vegetables (F&V) and fish across urban and rural households in Scotland. Fresh foods were chosen since, in general, they are perceived to contribute more to health than processed foods. Design Descriptive analysis of purchase data of all foods brought into the home during 2012 from the Kantar Worldpanel database. Purchase data were restricted to fresh, unprocessed and raw foods or 'fresh to frozen' foods where freezing was part of harvesting. Total household purchases were adjusted for household size and composition. Setting Scotland. Subjects Households (n 2576). Results Rural households reported the highest expenditure per person on fresh foods and F&V, but also bought the most (kilograms) of these items. There were linear trends of average prices paid with urban–rural location (P<0·001), with average prices paid by large urban and remote rural households being £2·14/kg and £2·04/kg for fresh foods, £1·64/kg and £1·60/kg for F&V and £10·07/kg and £10·20/kg for fish, respectively, although differences were quantitatively small. Conclusions Contrary to previous studies, purchase data show that access to and average prices of fresh foods generally, and F&V and fish specifically, are broadly similar between urban and rural areas. Therefore, the higher expenditure on these foods in rural v. urban areas is probably due to factors other than pricing and availability.


According to law number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection, raw clause is any rules or terms and conditions have been prepared in advance and set unilaterally by businessmen who poured in a documents and binding agreement/and must be filled by the consumer. Because the raw clause used in the credit agreements are unilateral where the bank that determines the content of the clause while the customer had no choice to change it because of the position of the customer in a weak position. This Research method using normative. From this research it can be concluded that there is a position that is not balanced between the banks as creditors with the customer as debtor and Credit Agreement Assorted raw clause in order to Bank Riau Kepri still contrary to the provisions of article 18 law number 8 of 1999 on Consumer protection.Keywords : The Raw Clause, Bank Credit Agreement


Disclosed are a method and an apparatus for concealing sound waves considering generalized time dependency. The method for concealing sound waves, according to one embodiment of the present invention, comprises the steps of: on the basis of the correlation between a mathematical sound wave transmission model predetermined with respect to sound wave transmission, and a mathematical electromagnetic wave model predetermined with respect to electromagnetic waves, transforming the mathematical sound wave transmission model into a mathematical sound wave concealment model corresponding to the mathematical electromagnetic wave model and comprising a time variable on time dependency; deriving target characteristics of a meta-material by using the transformed mathematical sound wave concealment model; and cutting off sound waves from a region comprising a target object by disposing the meta-material having the derived target characteristics so as to surround the region.


Because of bending waves, strings of electric guitars produce (slightly) inharmonic spectra. One aim of the study was to find out also in view of synthesized musical instruments whether sounds of electric guitars should preferably produce strictly harmonic or slightly inharmonic spectra. Inharmonicities of typical sounds from electric guitars were analyzed and studied in psychoacoustic experiments. Strictly harmonic as well as slightly inharmonic spectra were realized and evaluated with respect to audibility of beats, possible differences in pitch height, and overall preference. Strictly harmonic as well as slightly inharmonic spectra produce essentially the same pitch height. Depending on the magnitude of the inharmonicity, beats are clearly audible. Low, wound strings (e.g. E2, A2) usually produce larger inharmonicities than high strings (e.g. E4), and hence beats of low notes are easily detected. The inharmonicity increases with the diameter of the respective string's kernel. Therefore, an unwound G3 string can show larger inharmonicity and more prominent beats than a wound D3 string. In a musical context, i.e. when playing short melodies with synthesized strictly harmonic versus slightly inharmonic string sounds, the latter are somewhat preferred, in particular by players of string instruments. The slight inharmonicity of sounds from electric guitars is not a physical flaw which should be avoided by synthesizing perfectly harmonic sounds, but can be regarded as a musical asset.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose: Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) after ischemic stroke is underutilized in racially/ethnically minoritized groups. We aimed to determine the regional and geographic variability in racial/ethnic IVT disparities in the United States. Methods: Acute ischemic stroke admissions between 2012 and 2018 were identified in the National Inpatient Sample. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the association between IVT and race/ethnicity, stratified by geographic region and controlling for demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics. Results: Of the 545 509 included cases, 47 031 (8.6%) received IVT. Racially/ethnically minoritized groups had significantly lower adjusted odds of IVT compared with White people in the South Atlantic region (odds ratio [OR], 0.86 [95% CI, 0.82–0.91]), the East North Central region (OR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.85–0.97]) and the Pacific region (OR, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.85–0.96]). In the South Atlantic region, IVT use in racial/ethnic minority groups was below the national average of all racial/ethnic minority patients (P=0.002). Compared with White patients, Black patients had lower odds of IVT in the Middle Atlantic region (OR, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.78–0.91]), the South Atlantic region (OR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.74–0.82]), and the East North Central region (OR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.79–0.93]). In the South Atlantic region, this difference was below the national average for Black people (P<0.001). Hispanic patients had significantly lower use of IVT only in the Pacific region (OR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.85–0.99]), while Asian/Pacific Islander patients had lower odds of IVT in the Mountain (OR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.59–0.98]) and Pacific region (OR, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.82–0.97]). Conclusions: Racial/ethnic disparities in IVT use in the United States vary by region. Geographic hotspots of lower IVT use in racially/ethnically minoritized groups are the South Atlantic region, driven predominantly by lower use of IVT in Black patients, and the East North Central and Pacific regions.


The study by Abrahamson, Shayan, Bakker, and van der Schaaf [this issue] makes important contributions to several aspects of research, including pedagogy, methodology, and theory. The use of tablet technology to implement new pedagogical practices was innovative. Further, the integration of eye-tracking, microgenetic, and clinical interview methods enabled the researchers to capture ecologically valid data with all the rigor of more quantitative procedures. In turn, such a rich data set provided a concrete explication for some of Piaget's more abstract theoretical ideas. In our commentary, the focus will be on issues that are most directly related to theory. We are in general agreement with the underlying theoretical frameworks and many of the specific aspects of the model that are being advocated in the target article. Given this general convergence we offer areas in which we think the underlying framework could be extended or clarified. First, let us summarize what we take to be the theoretical core of the article. Abrahamson and colleagues provide a theoretically substantive answer to the following pedagogical question: "How does one steer conceptual construction?" In answering this question, Abrahamson and colleagues suggest that we revisit Piaget in order to better understand children's development of new conceptual categories with a particular focus on the area of mathematics learning. The general Piagetian insight which their analysis is based on concerns the emergence of conceptual knowledge from within a sensorimotor ground. More specifically, reflective abstraction was the process through which Piaget modelled "conceptual schemata rising from sensorimotor operatory schemes" [Abrahamson et al., this issue]. In turn, Abrahamson and colleagues enlist the process of reflective abstraction in order to teach children in elementary school about mathematical concepts. Finally, Abrahamson and colleagues


Background: The aim of the STRIPES trial was to assess the effectiveness of providing supplementary, remedial teaching and learning materials (and an additional 'kit' of materials for girls) on a composite of language and mathematics test scores for children in classes two, three and four in public primary schools in villages in the Nagarkurnool division of Andhra Pradesh, India.


The invention discloses a photoresistance based on II-VI group semiconductor nano-belt thin film and a preparation method thereof. The photoresistance comprises a Si-underlay; an insulating layer of SiO2 is arranged on the Si-underlay; a pair of interdigital electrodes is arranged on the insulating layer of SiO2; a layer of nano-belt thin film is arranged on the interdigital electrodes. The photoresistance has the advantages that: firstly, in the invention, Si is adopted as the underlay, thus overcoming the defect that the existing photoresistance is not compatible with an integrated circuit technique; secondly, the II-VI group semiconductors like innoxious ZnO or ZnS nano-belts are adopted as photosensing materials and meets the environment protection requirement of the RoHS command of the European Union to electronic elements. Compared with the existing traditional photoresistance, the Si-underlay compatible with an integrated circuit is employed; meanwhile the II-VI group semiconductors like ZnO or ZnS are used as the photosensing materials, thus containing no poisonous matter Cd and compounds thereof, being environmentally friendly and reliable. The photoresistance has simple structure; the employed nanometer materials are available, thus leading the preparation of the element to be realized more easily.


In this paper we consider the most common methods of point estimation: non-Bayes, Bayes and empirical Bayes methods to estimate the reliability and failure rate functions of Lomax distribution based on complete data. The maximum likelihood (ML), moment (MO) and uniformly minimum variance unbiased (UMVU) estimators are obtained as a non-Bayes estimators. Bayes and empirical Bayes estimators are obtained corresponding to three informative priors "gamma, chi-square and inverted Levy" based on symmetric "squared error" and asymmetric "LINEX and general entropy" loss functions. The estimates of the reliability and failure rate functions were compared empirically via Monte Carlo simulation study based upon the integrated mean squared error. Among the set of conclusions that have been reached, it is observed that, for all sample sizes and different cases, the performance of UMVU estimator is better than other non-Bayes estimators for estimating the failure rate function of Lomax distribution. Also, it is observed that conjugate gamma prior record full appearance as best prior distribution with Bayes estimates for reliability function. Further that, Monte Carlo simulation results indicate that the performance of Bayes and empirical Bayes estimators for some cases are better than non-Bayes estimators for some appropriate of prior distribution, loss function, values of parameters and sample size. Index Terms—Lomax distribution; reliability function; failure rate function; maximum likelihood estimator; moment estimator; uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator; Bayes estimator; empirical Bayes estimator; informative prior; squared error loss function; LINEX loss function; general entropy loss function; integrated mean squared error.


INTRODUCTION: The results of some studies have shown that the male caregiver provides different care as compared to female caregivers, either in volume or the type of care, suggesting that gender is a variable that significantly shapes the experiences of family care. Objectives: To describe the experience lived by caregivers (spouses) of women who suffer from dementia. METHODOLOGY: We carried out a study using qualitative methodology, following a phenomenological sense. Participants were 13 caregivers (spouses) of women with clinical diagnosis of dementia, who cared for their relatives in the family home. The interview consisted of a structured questionnaire to characterize the situation of care, and the central part had as starting point a single issue that prompted the description of the experience of living the situation under study. RESULTS: The age of caregivers ranged from 59 to 81 years and the duration of the provision of care, between 3 and 15 years. Only two caregivers held professional activity. Almost all (11) offered much of the care required to meet the needs of patients in activities of daily living. Most caregivers (9) were isolated in care, not receiving instrumental support, advice or emotional support. From the qualitative analysis performed, the following topics arose: previous experience, background and marital decision to care. CONCLUSION: The turning point for care seems to be a fundamental element in the experience of caring for the man, and probably the biggest difference between male care and female care.


Eliminating Cryptosporidium oocysts is particularly challenging in prison environments, and limited information is available on best practices for outbreak control. This report aims to expand the evidence base through the lessons learned from an outbreak at a Canadian federal penitentiary in 2013. The outbreak investigation methods included inmate and staff case finding, hypothesis-generating questionnaires, and environmental investigation. A clear source of Cryptosporidium into the facility could not be identified; however, there were a number of possible sources of ongoing propagation within the facility. There were difficulties obtaining valid data on inmate and staff cases and exposures. This report discusses the novel epidemiological tools used in this investigation to address the complex challenges of a correctional setting.


Fmoc Rink linker is a widely used peptide-resin linker in the solid-phase synthesis of peptide-amides. This paper describes an improved and practical eight-step synthetic approach for this compound in a 50% overall yield, using p-hydroxybenzaldehyde as the starting material. The procedure is operationally simple and amenable to scale-up synthesis.


OBJECTIVE
Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) may exert proinflammatory or antiinflammatory effects in different biologic systems. Although this prostanoid and the enzymes responsible for its synthesis are up-regulated by interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in human chondrocytes in vitro, the role of PGD2 in arthritis remains unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of PGD2 in the inflammatory response and in joint destruction during the development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice.

METHODS
PGD2 and cytokine levels in mice with CIA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of hematopoietic PGD synthase (h-PGDS), lipocalin-type PGD synthase (l-PGDS), and DP1 and DP2 receptors was analyzed by immunohistochemical methods. PGE2 levels were determined by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTS
The arthritic process up-regulated the expression of h-PGDS, l-PGDS, DP1, and DP2 in articular tissue. PGD2 was produced in the joint during the early phase of arthritis, and serum PGD2 levels increased progressively throughout the arthritic process, reaching a maximum during the late stages of CIA. Treatment of arthritic mice with the DP1 antagonist MK0524 soon after the onset of disease increased the incidence and severity of CIA as well as the local levels of IL-1β, CXCL-1, and PGE2, whereas IL-10 levels were reduced. The administration of the DP2 antagonist CAY10595 did not modify the severity of arthritis. The injection of PGD2 into the paw, as well as the administration of the DP1 agonist BW245C, significantly lowered the incidence of CIA, the inflammatory response, and joint damage.

CONCLUSION
Our findings indicate that PGD2 is produced in articular tissue during the development of CIA and plays an antiinflammatory role, acting through the DP1 receptor.


In tissue engineering, development of materials, which positively interact with tissues, is very important.1 In this regard, hydrogels composed of three-dimensional polymeric networks, have become ...


A large amount of scattered points data get from objects after 3D scanning,and in order to reconstruct mesh surface quickly and accuracy,a method of spatial spiral growth triangle mesh about mesh reconstruction is proposed. First,the algorithm puts forward a method of bounding ball to optimize the scattered points cloud. Then,a method based on polar coordinates determines the initial spiral growth triangle. A new triangle is based on the longest edge and minimum angle to be restricted. The dihedral angle of two triangles,which have a public side,is constantly looking for the best extension points; meanwhile,the corresponding points of new mesh boundary should to be locked and unlocked,until it has no extension points that are available. Then,stitches the crack which is on mesh boundary. Finally 3D scanning points cloud to optimize and mesh reconstruct have been completed.


Yusa et al. reported an anomalous cooling of radiative quantum dot (QD) excitons by THz‐radiation in [Proc. 24th ICPS, 1083 (1998)] We have analyzed this experiment using continuum elasticity, multi‐band k⋅p and spin‐resolved Monte‐Carlo methods. We show that the unexpected discovery is related to hole relaxation via piezo‐electric potential minima, induced in the QD sample by InP stressor islands. The THz‐radiation gives rise to a drift of dark excitons from the piezo‐electric minima to radiative states in the deformation potential minimum. This increases the QD ground state luminescence at the expense of the luminescence from higher QD states. We reproduce also the delayed flash of QD ground state luminescences when a THz‐radiation pulse hits the sample even ∼ 1 s after switching off the carrier generation.


compatibility low viscosity, heat stability, acid-alkaline and a saline lake in Delice (Kırıkkale) belonging to Turkey, were investigated in terms of levan production. After incubation and ethyl alcohol treatment, dialysis process was operated for partial purification. Levan amounts in our samples after hydrolysis were calculated based on the amount of sugar obtained by acid hydrolysis of standard levan. Sugar amount of samples were determined using by high performance liquid chromatography system (HPLC). 1 H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ( 1 H-NMR) spectra of the levan sample and standard were recorded. The results obtained by HPLC analysis showed that Chromohalobacter canadensis strain 85B had highest production potential as 234.67 mg levan/g biomass. The chemical shifts of 1 H-NMR spectrum of the extracted levan also showed high similarity to those of pure levan isolated from Erwinia herbicola. Furthermore, Marinobacter sp. 163Y strain also is also capable with regard to levan production. In this study, this strain could yield 230.80 mg/g levan and this potential was first reported in the literature.


The cooling air conditioner unit fault simulating and diagnosing system consists of fault simulating unit and data acquisition subsystem communicating via data acquisition instrument and meter and PC. The key part is one air cooled heat pump unit with fault simulating function, and can set and simulate typical faulats of refrigerator unit easily to provide fault sample for the operation of diagnosis system. Main thermodynamic parameters are used as state characteristic quantities of operating refrigerator unit, and the characteristic quantities in different simulated fault states are real-time acquired via the data acqusition subsystem. The operation state of the refrigerator unit is distinguished via mode distinction to reach the aim of real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis of operating refrigerator unit.


A hydraulic analysis program of the water supply system in earthquakes is introduced based upon the hydraulic analysis method in a normal state.On the basis of the seismic response analysis of buried pipelines,a new leakage model is presented in this article.This model is applied to the analysis of the water supply system with the first-order reliability method(FORM),a new analysis method of the capability reliability of a water supply system is suggested.This method is applied to the seismic hydraulic analysis of Shenyang water supply system,which consists of 463 nodes and 767 pipelines.A satisfied solution of the capacity reliability of the water supply system can be gained by suggested algorithm within an acceptable time.


The competence and positive disposition development toward mathematic subject has been observed an uphill task to learners across educational endeavors despite its need in life at home, paid work, participation in community and civic life. The Nigerian Education Policy (2013) made numeracy an important aspect of the specific objectives of primary education in Nigeria. However, the teaching-learning processes lithely attend to specification(s) of utilities. In Nigeria, most schools lack instructional materials; the available were mainly ready-made - majorly imported. Information and communication technology has greatly improved teaching and learning yet, observations revealed domination of foreign tongued instructional materials – uneconomical, alien, distractive and inadequate. This study constructs and investigates the effect of a locally produced, customized numeracy package, the Rudimentary Number Skills for Children (RuNS-K) on academic achievement of pupils in computer mediated environment with a view to improve pupils' performance in numeracy. Pre-test, post-test, quasi experimental research design was adopted. The population consist lower primary school pupils in southwest Nigeria. Multi stage sampling technique was employed to select study sample. One senatorial district, one of the five major cities in the district, three of the eighty-four public primary schools having functional computer laboratories were purposively sampled. An intact class in each school was randomly assigned into two experimental (ICT-integrated Learning Cycle and ICT-integrated Learners-self-controlled) and a comparison groups. Study instruments include the Rudimentary Number Skill for Children (RuNS-K) and the Test of Numeracy Achievement (TNA). The study found localized, customized packages needful for numeracy improvement. It also found significant improvement in numeracy performance in learners in ICT-integrated Learners-self-controlled (ICT- LSC) situation. The study further revealed customized ICT- LSC learning strategy as best influence for retention in pupils. It concludes that, interventions with customized, ICT-integrated learners-self-controlled situation improve learners' cognition both in performance and retention. Study recommends localized, improvised educational materials development and usage as aid to improving teaching-learning process and the entire education system in Nigeria.  Article visualizations:


*† A general nonlinear analysis, based on Donnell's type shell theory, is developed for arbitrary imperfect isotropic conical shell. The study has two-fold objectives: (a) studying of the sensitivity mechanism throughout the full nonlinear behavior; (b) examination the correlation of the imperfection sensitivity between the initial post-buckling theory and the entire nonlinear behavior. The nonlinear differential operators of the equilibrium equations are derived with the aid of the variational principle and Donnell's kinematic relations. The solution procedure is based on expansion of the unknown functions (u,v and w) in Fourier series in the circumferential direction and finite differences in the axial direction. Then, the Galerkin procedure is applied for minimizing the error due to truncation of the Fourier series. Finally, the arc-length algorithm is used for obtaining the complete non-linear behavior. The overall procedure is written as a special symbolic program, using the MAPLE compiler, whose output is the FORTRAN code NAICS (Nonlinear Analysis of Imperfect Conical Shells) for parametric study over a wide range of aspect ratios.


The increasing relevance of composite materials and its extensive application on aircraft structures has been the principal driver to the development of a wide range of manufacturing processes and tooling configurations mainly aimed to obtain highly complex integrated structures. The alternatives this report briefly describes are listed below: 1. Thermal expansion PTFE blocks to complement the autoclave pressure 2. Metallic modular tooling 3. Deformable tooling 4. Inflatable mandrels


The method of one kind of liquid contact with the gas to be treated contacting the gas absorbing liquid. Wherein the bottom of such a device that is provided with a gas absorbing liquid storage tank, the gas absorbing liquid in the upper left column to be processed gas flow space, in the catheter equipped with the tower, the gas absorbing liquid from the absorption liquid storage tank conveyed the catheter pump, the catheter has a throat in the cross-sectional area larger than the discharge pipe connecting the discharge pipe and the throat and the throat of the diffuser. By making the cross-sectional area sufficiently smaller than the cross sectional area of the throat of the jet pipe the gas absorbing liquid boils under reduced pressure occurs, the gas will be discharged from the discharge pipe the gas absorbing liquid into the processing.


Some binary ferrites having molecular formula, MnxFe3-xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5) have been synthesized by a simple and cost effective egg white sol-gel route. In each preparation, nitrates of constituent metal were taken as starting materials and egg white as gelling agent. The material, thus obtained was altered in the form of film electrode on the pre-treated Ni- support using an oxide-slurry painting tech-nique and investigated as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in KOH solutions. The study showed that Mn-substitution in the base oxide matrix influences the electrocatalytic activity of the material significantly and found to be greatest with 0.5 mol Mn-substitution. The reaction order has been found to be approximately unity with respect to OH¯ concentration. The Tafel slope values at low potential ranged between ~ 52 and ~ 65 mVdecade-1. The thermodynamic parameters namely, standard apparent electrochemical enthalpy of activa-tion (), standard enthalpy of activation () and standard entropy of activation () for the oxygen evolution reac-tion (OER) have also been determined. It has been observed that and values decreased with Mn-substitution in the Fe3O4 lattice. This decrease inandwas found to be greatest with 0.5 mol Mn. Thevalues were also found to be highly negative varying between ~ - 185 and – 211 J deg-1 mol-1.


A mild and efficient one-pot synthesis of hydrazones and oximes from the reaction of the oxidation product of benzyl alcohols and phenols by 3,6-bis(triphenylphosphonium)cyclohexene dichromate with phenylhydrazine, 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, and hydroxylamine is described.


Examines a study carried out on three large Swedish firms examining the effects of education, experience and the environment on ways in which decisions are made. Studies, in particular, purchasing behaviour in an international context with the central theme and analysis of how purchasers evaluate suppliers located in different countries. Acknowledges, surprisingly, both knowledge of foreign language and experience of foreign countries seemed to be unimportant. Concludes that the results are on a tentative level requiring further research.


It is well known that fuzzy systems are one of the most successful applications of fuzzy sets and fuzzy logic and that these kinds of applications are used in industries as well as all kinds of home appliances. However, the move from simple domains to complex ones increases the difficulty of building such systems. In particular, established techniques, such as the development of a flat set of rules, becomes inadequate, and new ones are being developed. This special issue of the International Journal of Intelligent Systems is devoted to hierarchical fuzzy systems, one promising technique for dealing with complex domains. The first two articles of this issue describe architectures of hierarchical fuzzy systems and some applications using these hierarchies. In the first article, Tunstel, de Oliveira, and Berman present an approach to hierarchical control design and synthesis. Details of their theoretical framework as well as discussions of practical design and implementation issues are given. ThenMagdalena describes a different architecture. The idea is to use the output of a level as a method to modify the control surface of the next level. The approach is based on the use of contextual information. While in the first two articles, the architecture of the system is built by domain experts, in the third one it is not. Tachibana and Furuhashi present a method to build the system (both the architecture and its rules) from examples. The next article by Kikuchi and Takagi describes the limitations of hierarchical systems. They show that not all functions can be decomposed using hierarchies with disjoint variables. The issue concludes with an article that reviews some of the latest results on hierarchical fuzzy systems and their construction. To finish this introduction, I thank the referees for their cooperation and Prof. Ronald Yager, editor of this journal, for providing me with the opportunity to edit this issue.


A simple and rapid capillary zone electrophoretic (CZE) method has been established for separation and quantification of a mixture of eight cephalosporins – cefadroxil (CFL), cefixime (CIX), cefuroxime sodium (CFR), ceftriaxone sodium (CTR), ceftizoxime (CFT), cefaclor (CFC), cefradine (CFD), and cefotoxime (CTA). Conditions affecting the separation were pH, buffer concentration, and applied potential. Separation was performed in less than 11 min with 50 mM sodium tetraborate buffer, pH 9.0, and an applied potential of 30 kV. Reproducible separation was achieved and calibration plots were linear over two to three orders of magnitude of analyte concentration. Limits of detection were in the range 0.5–5 µg mL –1 . Detection was by UV absorbance at 214 nm. When the method was assessed for analysis of cephalosporins in pharmaceutical preparations and in urine, relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 4) were in the range 0.3–1.9%.


Aim: To determine if a 9·5‐kb region on the Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM genome, encoded the genetic determinants for regulation and production of lactacin B, a class II bacteriocin.


Epidermal cyst arising from breast is an uncommon benign condition. Its rarity accounts for it being erroneously misdiagnosed. The patient may not seek medical attention because of small painless swelling, unless the lump increases in size or becomes painful. Symptomatic cases should be readily excised and need histological correlation to rule out any potential complications that can arise in these cysts.


Objective To explore the effects of two different methods of controlled ovarian heperstimulation(COH) on isolated polycystic ovaries(PCO) morphology in the in vitro fertilization(IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer(ICSI) treatment proccess and pregnancy outcome. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on the isolated polycystic ovaries receiving IVF/ICSI-ET cycles.A total of 72 patients with isolated PCO was divided into two groups of A (44 cases,using standard long protocol) and B(28 cases,taking oral contraceptives).The pregnancy outcomes were compared. Results There were no significant differences between two groups in the number of Gn ampoules used,retrieved oocytes numbers,fertilization rate,implantation rate,pregnancy rate, clinical pregnancy rate,spontaneous abortion rate,ectopic pregnancy rate and occurrence rate of ovarian hypertimulation syndrome(OHSS)(P0.05). Conclusion Patients with solely PCO morphology need not to take oral contraceptives as a pretreatment before COH in IVF/ICSI cycles.


On April 16th, 2014, the European Parliament and the Council of the European Communities adopted a proposal for a regulation on the specific requirements regarding the statutory audits of public-interest entities. This regulation contains a "blacklist" of non-audit services that audit firms are prohibited from providing to public-interest entities. The blacklist is intended to increase audit quality by improving the auditor's independence. However, restricting the auditors' scope of services decreases the audit firms' total profits and can therefore further increase the already high level of audit market concentration. We integrate a strategic auditor-client game into a circular market matching model to analytically investigate the effects of audit market regulation on the market structure and the quality of audited financial statements. Our results indicate that prohibiting general non-audit services that actually do not impair independence can indeed further in-crease concentration. Moreover, a ban on these services can even decrease the quality of the audited financial statements because the average probability that managers will misreport in-creases. Our model predicts the opposite effects resulting from a prohibition on audit-related non-audit services. We find that the effects of prohibiting the supply of non-audit services depend crucially on the time at which the non-audit fees are negotiated.


1: Matter and Measurement 2: Atoms and the Periodic Table 3: Ionic and Covalent Compounds 4: Energy and Matter 5: Chemical Reactions 6: Gases 7: Solutions 8: Acids and Bases 9: Nuclear Chemistry 10: Introduction to Organic Molecules 11: Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 12: Organic Compounds That Contain Oxygen and Sulfur 13: Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides 14: Carbohydrates 15: Lipids 16: Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes 17: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 18: Energy and Metabolism


The invention materials supply part for supplying the thermoplastic resin and the additive (10); Fiberglass supplier 20 for supplying a glass fiber; Mixer 30 has the thermoplastic resin and the additives are mixed resin composition and the glass fiber inlet to be mixed; And Twins crew 35 has a screw blade 36 to transfer the resin composition, while the cutting of glass fibers disposed within said mixer; has the Twins crew included, and a presence by the screw blade 36 is fixed interval not the gap (B) is formed repeatedly that provides a long-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin manufacturing apparatus, wherein a cutting unit for cutting the glass fiber (a) is formed. High-strength thermoplastic composite material production apparatus according to the invention by making it possible to feed the resin composition and glass fiber mixture and cutting the glass fiber to a suitable length, and can supply a long fiber of appropriate length in a row, and separation of glass fibers with thin wires the supply takes place by the effect of improving the rate of resin impregnation of the glass fiber.


Review(s) of: Sustainability and Change in Rural Australia, Edited by Chris Cocklin and Jacqui Dibden, Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 2004, 298 pages, paper, ISBN 0868406317.


When should burdened social practices be granted special accommodation? One issue of concern—raised by Okin and others—is that some social practices involve domination, and so the accommodation of those practices might (inadvertently, perhaps) support social injustice. Suppose one wants to take this concern very seriously. Starting from the assumption that freedom from domination is an especially important value, this article examines whether cultural accommodation would ever be advisable. Approaching the problem of multicultural accommodation from this point of view greatly clarifies the debate and yields some interesting results. In particular, the discussion concludes that there are circumstances under which the goal of minimizing domination itself would be furthered by policies of special accommodation.


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Impaired wound healing in diabetic patients is a serious complication with limited treatment regimens. Gene therapy of mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was able to restore diabetic wound healing with suppression of O2.−. The present study was designed to determine protective effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (Gl‐PS), as a potent inducer of MnSOD, on diabetic wound healing.


The disadvantages of the existing refrigeration equipment for blood storage and transportation are analyzed.The necessity of developing phase change energy storage blood refrigerators is discussed in some aspects,including the requirements of blood supply,technique advantage of phase change energy storage,military benefits,socioeconomic benefits,etc.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate the main qualitative traits of European sea bass fattened in farms adopting different rearing techniques (offshore cages, inshore cages, land-based basins) but fed the same diets in each production cycle, in a three year survey (2006, 2007, 2008). Three farms were chosen for each rearing technique and two sampling sessions of ten fish each were carried out for each rearing cycle. Proximate composition, fatty acid profile, and cholesterol content were evaluated in the fillet of marketable size fish as well as morpho-biometric parameters and indices. Diets administered in 2008 had higher amounts of lipids, lower proportions of n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and higher proportions of n–6 PUFA compared to 2006 and 2007 diets. The chemical and fatty acid composition of the fish fillet was affected by the diet composition: fish fattened in 2008 exhibited statistically higher amounts of fat and cholesterol, lower proportions of n–3 PUFA and higher proportions of n–6 PUFA in comparison with fish cultivated in 2006 and 2007. Fish cultivated in cages, both offshore and inshore cages, exhibited leaner fillets, lower amounts of cholesterol and higher proportions of n–3 PUFA than fish cultivated in basins.

Practical applications: In this study we have analyzed the combined effects of feeding and rearing systems of sea bass in a 3-year survey for the first time. The results showed that feeding is the main factor affecting fish quality as regards both the chemical composition and the fatty acid profile. The partial substitution of fish meal and fish oil with vegetable sources, with the aim of saving the wild fish biomass as well as formulating less expensive diets, strongly alters the fillet composition. We also showed that the rearing system of fish in offshore cages makes it is possible to obtain better quality products.


High‐resolution imaging is an important issue in various fields of scientific researches and engineering applications. Pseudothermal ghost imaging is one of the subfields of quantum imaging, providing new capabilities beyond conventional imaging methods. Also, it can provide a new viewpoint of imaging physical mechanisms. In this review, we explain the major ideas of pseudothermal ghost imaging, restricting the very important case of high‐resolution imaging. We analyse the strategies which can significantly improve the image quality in pseudothermal ghost imaging. It may apply for merging it with common optical imaging methods in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) or X‐ray spectral regime for driving the applications to a wider audience in bioscience and nano‐physics.


This article attempts to hold a semantic analysis of similes, collected from the works of modern English-language women's fiction, from the point of view of gender linguistics. Review of similes in this aspect allows us to describe and characterize female images, which women-writers create in their works, using this stylistic device.


This research seeks to design and build an Arrest Record Management System (ARMS) using Fingerprint and Face Recognition: A Criminal Record Management System for the City of Makati in the Philippines. An android mobile application, a web-based application, and a desktop application extension were developed as part of the prototype. This study used a systematic and descriptive approach to investigate, design, and implement the Makati ARMS. The Input-Process-Output with Feedback research paradigm was explored in building the system. At the same time, the V-Model Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) was employed for the system design because of its verification and validation features. Different phases of the SDLC were carefully observed and were meticulously monitored throughout the entire system's concept, design, and schedule. A set of performance and speed tests were conducted using industry-available methods to confirm the consistency of the established framework. Based on the results of the tests, the system recorded an average of 90/100 from the tool analyzed. Loading performance averages 1.725s, interactivity averages 35ms, and visual stability averages at 0, better than the ideal values. Having an overall mean of 1.48, ARMS has adequately captured users' perceived satisfaction, which corresponds to highly acceptable. In general, the Makati ARMS was successfully implemented using the developed system. Interestingly, all the functional requirements were met.


This paper gives a model of optimal n-part Quality Contingent Pricing (QCP), which could be changed into that of 2-part QCP further through transform of decision structure. Based on the 2-part QCP model, the proper application conditions of QCP are discussed. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the strategies of optimal price and optimal discount level for a given quality threshold, and optimal quality threshold in 2-part QCP. According to the conclusions of this paper, an instructive guideline for the firms in the formulation of pricing strategies in Electronic Market is provided.


A campus is originally a paradise for the growth of students, but there is also some haze in it — the teacher's violence is one of them. What the teacher's violence brings to the students is usually the twofold harmfulness of both body and mind. Since the 1980's, it has been clarified on many occasions from the high plane of law that teacher's violence is the prohibitive conduct, but teacher's violence still emerges repeatedly and someone even turns a deaf ear to the prohibition. Very few cases even make one feel extremely angry. The causes result from the following three respects: the backwardness of teacher's educational concepts, the weakness for legal consciousness and the lower condition of comprehensive quality.


Czech politics have been in ongoing crisis since the Government lost a parliamentary vote of confidence on 24 March. The five-vote defeat required premier Mirek Topolanek to offer his resignation. The crisis is of Europe-wide interest for two reasons. First, the Czech government presently holds the rotating six-month EU Presidency. Secondly, the Czech parliament has not yet approved the Lisbon Treaty. Concerns have been expressed regarding the Lisbon Treaty falling hostage to entirely domestic Czech problems.


Northern plateau of Hebei province which belongs to the alpine region is located in the north of Hebei province,and economic conditions still lag behind.The resources of edible wild-vegetable were rich in the north plateaus of Hebei province,which had great edible value,medicinal value and economic value.But their basic research was weak,development face was narrow,utilization ratio was low,and lacked of deep processing.The definition,classification and resource characteristics of edible wild vegetables and climatic conditions of the north plateaus of Hebei province were briefly described,then research status and characteristics of development and comprehensive utilization were concluded.It pointed out the sustainable development way,and suggested that investigation and study must be under the basis of the protection of resources,and corresponding countermeasures on how to further reasonably export and utilize wild-vegetable resource were put forward.


Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) has been found suitable for in situ monitoring during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. DFWM has been used to monitor CH and C{sub 2} during synthesis of diamond thin films. Analysis of CH rotational and vibrational spectra confirmed the temperature trend predicted by the 1-D model. For substrate temperature 1200 K and free-stream temperatures of 3500 and 4300 K, the 1-D simulations predicted boundary layer thicknesses consistent with observations. The species concentration change across the boundary layer is dramatic; at 2 mm from the surface, both CH and C{sub 2} reach maximum concentration. It has been demonstrated that, using a conventional laser system, operating at visible wavelengths (low energies), DFWM is nonintrusive and can generate signals that are easily monitored.


The Roma Integration 2020 project is implemented by the Regional Cooperation Council and funded by the European Union and the Open Society Foundation. It aims at contributing to the reduction of the socio-economic gaps between Roma and non-Roma and strengthening the institutional obligation of the enlargement governments to integrate Roma. One of the key activities of the project is the National Platforms on Roma Integration.


teacher leadership is receiving increased emphasis. With the complexity of instructional and curricular issues brought about by standards-based reform, accountability, high stakes testing, and the requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act (2002), it is impossible for leadership to be the responsibility of one person. Lambert (2002) suggested that "the days of the principal as the lone instructional leader are over" (p. 37). Others (Barth, 2000; Fullan, 2002; Valentine, Clark, Hackmann, & Petzko, 2004) also agree that the principal's perceived role as sole leader is much too narrow and limited to bring about significant changes in his or her school's learning culture. In addition, concepts such as integrated leadership (Marks & Printy, 2003), distributed leadership (Elmore, 2000; Riordan, 2003; Spillane, Halverson, & Diamond, 2001), and building leadership capacity (Lambert, 2002) present powerful options for principals in sharing leadership responsibilities in their schools. The importance of teacher leadership is widely recognized by scholars, researchers, and practitioners as a critical component in creating the learning communities essential for improved student learning (Elmore, 2000; Fullan, 2001; Katzenmayer & Moller, 2001; Lambert, 2003a; Lieberman & Miller, 2004; Schlechty, 1997). Jackson and Davis (2000) suggested that learning communities where many different stakeholders can and often assume leadership roles are fundamental in bringing about school improvement. The National Middle School Association (2003) in This We Believe called for "courageous, collaborative leadership" (p. 7), and the National Association of Secondary School Principals (2004) recommended that "Teachers will provide the leadership essential to the success of reform" (p. 63). Schools to Watch (2005), an initiative by the National Forum to Accelerate Middle School Reform, states in its Organizational Structures and Processes Criteria, "Shared and sustained leadership propels the school forward and preserves its institutional memory and purpose" (p. 1). Sharing leadership through the use of teacher leaders not only spreads the responsibility of leadership, it also serves as the foundation for building collaborative professional learning communities in successful middle schools where every child can learn (Brazee, 2002; Valentine, Clark, Hackmann, & Petzko, 2004). By empowering teachers with leadership responsibilities, principals have the opportunity to engage teachers in school improvement, in shared decision making, and in developing site-based professional development that is focused on adult and student learning. In spite of these advantages, however, it appears that middle school principals are less likely to be sharing leadership and collaborative decision making with their teachers than they were a decade ago (Clark & Clark, 2002; Petzko, Clark, Valentine, Hackmann, Nori, & Lucas, 2002; Valentine, Clark, Hackmann, & Petzko, 2002).


Trust is the basis for constructing a good doctor-patient relationship.According to the trust source theory,the author suggests that hospital should build trust between doctors and patients through three approaches.First,as a trusted object,hospital should improve perceived credibility by pa- tients in interaction.Second,as a trusting subject,hospital should strengthen the characteristics of its trust trend and play an active role in constructing doctor-patient relationship.Third,aiming to regulate the doctor-patient relationship,hospital should establish and implement a system contributing to mutual trust between doctors and patients.By combination of these three approaches,hospital will obtain the patient's trust and social praise.


Developing vocational medical education in China is a need to develop overall medical education system in China,a need to adjust modern medical education framework,and also a need to develop a receptive higher education for the people. With the fast development of higher education,the development of vocational medical education speeds up as one important part of higher education,There are,however,some problems in its way to the high-speed development.This paper imposes some suggestions and countermeasures in the reform process of vocational medical education,in retrospect of problems existed and causes to the problems.


Objective:To study the effect of gucocorticoid combining traditional Chinese medicine herbs on the treatment of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada desease.Methods:28 patients (56 eyes) with first attack of VKH desease were divided into two groups. The patients in A group were treated with glucocorticoid. the patients in B group were treated with glucocorticoid combining traditional Chinese medicine herbs. The change of visual acuity were compare between the two groups after the treatments. Results: Visual acuity≥0.5 and ≥0.8 were found to be 40% and 20% in 15 patients (30 eyes) in the A group after treatment of glucocorticoid. Visual acuity≥0.5 and ≥0.8 were found to be 69.2% and 53.8% in 13 patients (26 eyes) in the B group after treatment of glucocorticoid combining traditional Chinese medicine herbs.Conclusion: Glucocorticoid combining traditional Chinese medicine herbs have good therapeutic effects for the patients with first attack of VKH desease.


The main aim of this paper is to present means and schemes for implementation of energy efficiency measures used in Denmark for supporting a development towards sustainability. Denmark has achieved valuable experiences during the last 25 years in energy planning and implementation of means and measures for energy savings. The * Jan Viegand Analysis & Information Vesterbrogade 14A, 4th, DK-1620 Copenhagen V, Denmark Tel.: +45 33 31 88 07, Fax: +45 33 31 9907, e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Further information: http://janviegand.dklkorea Jan Viegand is a self-employed consultant working within the energy sector in connection to analyses, planning and implementation of efficient energy systems, especially at the demand side. He worked previously at the Technical University of Denmark, where he graduated in 1986, at COWl Consulting Engineers and Planners and at SRC International. Implementation of Energy Efficiency Measures in Denmark Towards Sustainability result is a primary energy consumption, which is at the same level as 25 years ago. Sustainability in Denmark as well as in many other countries is basically interpreted as reduction of CO2 emissions in order to limit the very serious consequences of global climate change. 73 The main message in the paper is that means for implementation of energy efficiency measures and the organisational structure under which the means are managed are crucial for the process of reducing energy consumption. Even though an energy plan is important for target setting and analysis of options and scenarios, nothing is achieved without the right mixture of cost efficient means for implementation of actual measures complemented by a supportive organisational structure. The paper briefly presents means applied in Denmark through the various organisations. It focuses then on a new successful organisation, the Danish Electricity Saving Trust, and presents the specific means used by the Trust for electricity savings in the public and residential sectors. The means used by the Trust comprise a subsidy scheme for conversion of electric heated houses, campaigns for efficient electric equipment, strengthening of the market introduction of efficient electric equipment, a procurement policy initiative for bulk purchasers in public institutions and housing associations and development and demonstration projects. Finally, the paper briefly presents some changes in the energy efficiency set-up due to the opening of the energy market in Denmark resulting in both additional opportunities and barriers. ' It should be noticed that solutions chosen in Denmark should not directly be transferred to other countries. Instead, barriers, opportunities and organisational structure should be analysed in advance, before deciding on the specific set-up for implementation of energy efficiency measures. I. Danish Energy Planning and Development of Energy Consumption The primary energy consumption in Denmark grew considerably during the 1950s and 1960s. In beginning of the 1970s 92%' of primary energy consumption in Denmark came from imported oil. The first oil crisis in 1973174 naturally hit Denmark very seriously. Due to this, Denmark started initiating measures for reducing the dependency of energy imports. Soon after, the first energy plan appeared and since then, several energy plans have been prepared. The targets and means in the plans have changed over the years. The first plans targeted security of fuel supply, while later the main objective was protection of the environment. Today, the key parameter in Danish energy planning is the level of CO2 emissions. A whole range of activities for reducing the energy consumption was initiated. In the supply sector


This study of the Spanish cosmographic juntas is directly related to two of the papers which I have read before the Society of the History of Discoveries. One was called "Science by Litigation", dealing with the problems of the compass and maritime chart, and the other, entitled "Science by Competition", treated the problem of ,determining longitude.! An alternative title for this paper on the Spanish cosmographic juntas might be "Science by Consultation". All three studies are inquiries into the social mechanism by which the work of the cosmographers, their theories, their experiments and accomplishments, found room in a world of inherited ideas and traditional practices of navigation and relevant branches of science. The inquiry is germane to the history of the discoveries because the spectacular advance of scientific speculation and the growing opportunities for experimentation in sixteenth century Spain were by and large based on information coming from the newly discovered lands, seas and societies, and upon the challenges to tradition posed by it. This needs no demonstration. Cosmographers of any distinction had to come to terms with the expanded environment and the data from the broadened field of observation made available by the voyages of discovery and exploration. My inquiry concerns experiences with the social mechanisms available to the cosmographers of the sixteenth century to define the nature of their knowledge (technological and scientific), to get opportunities for their work and recognition for their results. The first two articles showed how the nature of the new knowledge was tried in the wrong forums, that is to say, scientific knowledge cannot be judged as to its validity or truth in a court of law, nor can competition lead to the solution of an as yet insoluble problem or one for which neither the intellectual nor the experimental apparatus has been devised. This paper sets out to describe another mechanism, that of the variously constituted juntas used by the Spanish crown to tap the reservoir of scientific intelligence for practical purposes, that is, it deals with science applied and with the feedback from this into theory and experiment. Again, the relations between the conceptual basis of science and the use of experimental results are seen to be interdependent and it becomes clearer that the social mechanism which promotes the one does not necessarily benefit the other.


THIS ARTICLE SURVEYS THE ACTION IN THE FIELD OF TRANSPORT POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY SINCE THE 1957 ROME TREATY. DIFFERENCES IN TRANSPORT REGULATORY PHILOSOPHY AND PERCEIVED NATIONAL INTEREST AMONG THE MEMBER STATES ARE REVIEWED. IT IS SHOWN THAT THE POSITIVE ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF THE COMMUNITY IN THE FIELD OF ECONOMIC REGULATION OF TRANSPORT MUST BE REGARDED AS ONLY THE BAREST BEGINNINGS. /AUTHOR/


The use of nanoparticle-based pseudostationary phases (PSPs) in capillary electrochromatography (CEC) for separation of small molecules and proteins is demonstrated. A continuous full filling approach is used where the nanoparticles are suspended in the electrolyte. A new interaction phase is introduced for every analysis, which eliminate problems with stationary phase-based carry-over effects. Highly efficient separations of small molecules (700 000 plates /m) were achieved using dextran-coated polymer nanoparticles as PSP in CEC with mass spectrometry (MS) detection (Paper I). The analytes were detected by using an orthogonal electrospray interface to prevent the nanoparticles from entering the mass spectrometer. The methodology (PSP-CEC) was used for protein separation utilizing soft lipid-based liquid crystalline nanoparticles as PSP (Paper II-III and V-VI). These nanoparticles are known for their high biocompatibility and porosity. A one-step procedure based on lipid self assembly was used for their preparation and the surface chemistry is thereby easily alternated by changing the composition of the lipid preformulation. To detect proteins in the presence of high concentrations of lipid-based nanoparticles, laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection was used. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its variants were used to evaluate the separation system. Single amino acid substituted GFP variants differing in charge, could be separated by conventional CE. To separate GFP variants having the same charge use of anionic lipid-based nanoparticles enabled separation. At high buffer salt concentrations the lipid-based nanoparticles were adsorbed to the capillary wall, which suppressed the electroosmotic flow (EOF). In addition, it is suggested that the high concentration of buffer salt induced interactions between the lipid-based nanoparticles and GFP variants, which provided selectivity and thereby enabled separation. Three different PSP-CEC methods were developed based on either cationic or anionic nanoparticles or a combination of both types of nanoparticles. To enable UV detection in a nanoparticle-based PSP-CEC system pegylated silanized gadolinium nanoparticles were used due to their UV transparency (Paper IV). In addition, the nanoparticles could be evaluated concerning their interaction with proteins. The developed nanoparticles-based system were transferred to a polymeric capillary (Paper V) and microchip (Paper VI) where the nanoparticles appear to prevent protein adsorption to the capillary wall. Highly efficient separation of GFP variants were demonstrated in these systems demonstrating the potential use of these methods and particles in future mass fabricated chip formats. This work demonstrates the potential of various novel nanoparticle-based separation in various capillary analytical formats for highly efficient separation of small and large molecules (such as proteins) with potential applications within the pharmaceutical or proteomic field. (Less)


Discharges in liquid atmosphere the discharge electrodes corrupt quickly cause the state unstable.For solving this problem,this paper introduces a gas pulsed discharge needle-plant reactor for decomposition organic contaminant in water,namely the discharge needle electrode locates above the liquid in gas atmosphere,and the ground electrode locates in liquid atmosphere.The effect of gas category and bubbling rate,concentration of phenol,discharge energy on the phenol decomposition efficiency is reviewed in the research.The motive is to know the factors of gas pulsed discharge decomposition organic contaminant for industrialization of pulse discharge for treating organic contaminant offer reference.


[In the first half of Dr. van der Geest's article (MAQ.15(3):59-62, 1984), a review of the literature on activities of pharmaceutical companies in Third World countries was presented. Several case studies were cited which document how both the structure of the industry and its practices appear to place higher priority on profits than on people's health. For example, as multinational corporations, pharmaceutical companies are difficult to regulate; pricing and sales promotion methods (such as alteration of drug product information inserts) lead to overprescription; and powerful prescription drugs are allowed to be sold "over-the-counter" without a prescription. At the end of the first half of the article, Dr. van der Geest began to discuss why anthropologists (unlike other disciplines) have been so reluctant to conduct research on pharmaceuticals (in his survey of the literature, there was only one reference by an anthropologist to illegal drug distribution in developing countries). He asks why, given the emphasis on self-treatment in medical anthropology, there has been little interest in selfmedication through Western pharmaceuticals. One explanation offered is the strong emphasis in medical anthropology on indigenous practices (e.g., disease classification, herbalists, priesthealers, witchcraft, and sorcery) and the relatively little emphasis on modern medical services and self-medication, perhaps because "the latter topics carry so little exotic attraction for the ethnographer." A second explanation offered IS the reluctance of anthropolog~sts to cross disciplinary boundaries in research (despite claims of an "interdisciplinary ethos'J, particularly to work with pharmacologists. Part one concluded with the statement: "The 'thing~Jica tion' commonly applied to the use of pharmaceuticals may indeed give the impression that these synthetic products are a Jar cry from the living society studied by anthropolog~sts. I hope to make clear that such an impression would be a tragic mistake." Part two d1scusses how pharmaceuticals is a fertile area for anthropolog~·cal investigation. -Ed)


.............................................................................................................. 1 ESAC Opinion ........................................................................................................ 2 References ........................................................................................................... 8 Annex 1: Composition of ESAC and ESAC Working Group ........................................... 9 Annex 2: EURL ECVAM Request for ESAC Advice ...................................................... 11 Annex 3: ESAC Working Group Peer Review Consensus Report .................................. 29


In this paper I argue that if one subscribes to dispositionalism — the view that natural properties are irreducibly dispositional in character — then one ought to favour a Platonic view of properties. That is, dispositionalists ought to view properties as transcendent universals. I argue for this on the grounds that only with transcendent universals in play can two central dispositionalist platitudes be accounted for in a satisfactory way. Given that dispositionalism is becoming an increasingly influential view in the metaphysics of science, my argument, if successful, suggests that Platonism will see something of a revival in contemporary metaphysics. As we will see towards the end of the paper, this new kind of Platonism has some striking metaphysical and epistemological consequences.


Revisiting the now de facto standard Stanford dependency representation, we propose an improved taxonomy to capture grammatical relations across languages, including morphologically rich ones. We suggest a two-layered taxonomy: a set of broadly attested universal grammatical relations, to which language-specific relations can be added. We emphasize the lexicalist stance of the Stanford Dependencies, which leads to a particular, partially new treatment of compounding, prepositions, and morphology. We show how existing dependency schemes for several languages map onto the universal taxonomy proposed here and close with consideration of practical implications of dependency representation choices for NLP applications, in particular parsing. This paper is a minor revision of our LREC 2014 paper " Universal Stanford dependencies: A cross-linguistic typology ". The content is largely identical, but the taxonomy of relations has been revised to be consistent with the final Universal Dependencies (UD) taxonomy for version 1.0 described at


Abstract Metabolizable energy (M.E.) and metabolizable energy corrected to nitrogen equilibrium (M.E.n) were determined for raw and autoclaved samples of four grain legumes, seven oilseed meals and five animal protein concentrates, using 9-day old White Leghorn cockerels. The M.E. and M.E.n for the autoclaved legumes were superior to the raw, the improvement with autoclaving being most marked for bambara nut. Acacia seed had the least M.E. and M.E.n values among the legumes probably related to its high crude fibre content. The oilseed meals had M.E. and M.E.n values lower than for the autoclaved grain legumes, similar values being obtained for soybean, Sesame and palm kernel meals and slightly higher values for groundnut. Distinctly lower values were obtained for coconut and cotton seed meals. Raw and autoclaved rubber seed had M.E. and M.E.n values of 4.96 ± 0.29 and 4.83 ± 0.08 and 4.58 ± 0.16 and 4.63 ± 0.12 respectively, which were significantly higher than the corresponding values of 2.46 ± 0.37 and 2.38 ± 0.04 for the defatted rubber seed meal, due to its much lower oil content. Among the animal proteins concentrates, the M.E. and M.E.n for blood meal (3.49 ± 03 and 3.44 ± 0.03), were higher than for white fish meal (274 ± 0.13 and 2.63 ± 0.07), Menhaden fish meal (2.86 ± 0.05 and 2.74 ± 0.12) and an unspecified fish meal sample (2.47 ± 0.24 and 2.22 ± 0.17). Meat and bone meal, had the least M.E. and M.E.n values (2.14 ± 0.11 and 2.02 ± 0.08 respectively). The variable M.E. values for the fish meals did not appear to be related to variation in oil content but may be due to reduced availability of nutrients resulting from poor or long storage.


Childhood and young adulthood are important stages of growing, learning and development. Yet, there are increasing pressures and challenges that children and young people face. These factors may adversely impact upon their health and wellbeing, and thereupon have longlasting effects on our society as a whole. Factors include public health issues such as poverty and household overcrowding, food security, persistent and pervasive health inequities (especially for tamariki and rangatahi Māori and Pasifika children and young people), the rights of children and young people, impacts of technology, climate change, changing patterns of disease and many others. These factors impact on education, nutrition, development, health (physical, mental or dental) and also have long-term impacts beyond childhood and adolescence. In addition, these factors often impact more on specific social groups within Aotearoa New Zealand including tamariki and rangatahi Māori and Pasfika children and young people, as well as others, for instance children and young people who identify as Rainbow. Our vision is for all children and young people in Aotearoa New Zealand to thrive and flourish as our leaders of today, through the full realisation of their rights to health and wellbeing. Yet we know this does not happen for all. The links between colonisation and significant health inequities that occur for Indigenous peoples compared with non-Indigenous is well described internationally and in Aotearoa New Zealand. The stark health inequities that are experienced by pēpi, tamariki and rangatahi Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand are described elsewhere in the literature as the 'manifest symptomatology of colonisation, coloniality and racism' (King et al. 2018, p. 187). Further, as highlighted by Cormack and King (2022) colonisation 'fundamentally disrupted Indigenous knowledge systems, establishing epistemic hierarchies that privilege Eurocentric colonial epistemologies and methodologies' (p. 1). Pēpi, tamariki and rangatahi Māori have specific rights to health and wellbeing under Te Tiriti o Waitangi (Te Tiriti) (King et al. 2018), which forms the foundation of the contractual relationship between two sovereign nations–Māori, as tāngata whenua of Aotearoa, and the Crown (Jackson 1985). Te Tiriti articulates tāngata whenua rights to health and wellbeing for pēpi, tamariki and rangatahi Māori under all four articles collectively with the intent of Te Tiriti as expressed through the phrasing and words of the text (King et al. 2018). Yet as a country we have failed to respect, protect and fulfil these rights for all pēpi, tamariki and rangatahi Māori. In order to highlight the pressures and challenges experienced by children and young people growing up in Aotearoa New Zealand, this special issue of the Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand is the first of two volumes bringing together manuscripts focusing on aspects of health and welfare/wellbeing relevant to children and young people. In pursuit of wellbeing for all children and young people, and equity within health, welfare and beyond, it is vital to make space for children and young people to have their voices heard.


INTRODUCTION There is a raising concern about Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical present in the environment, and its potential adverse effects on pregnancy. Consequently, the aim of this thesis is to in ...


This work extends the study of properties related to the Generalized Atanassov's Intuitionistic Fuzzy Index, by considering the concept of conjugate fuzzy implications, mainly interested in the class of S-implications.


Ethical issues in recruitment/selection and training/development, protection of employees rights concerning fair and adequate compensation, employee engagement, Flexi-working, maternity and paternity pay, job security and compulsory holiday pay are the issues that continue to bug web and platform-based businesses in emerging economies. While there are elements of infusion of HR and technology in practice and application, the role and perception of contemporary HR practices and practitioners in steaming the effects of disruptive business models on the afore-mentioned HR issues and constructs are both foggy and fussy. This research paper, therefore, focuses on understanding the HR practices of disruptive business models and the challenges of balancing between ethics/best practices in HR and organisational bottom-lines. The research exploits exploratory data from secondary sources and gathers primary evidence from major stakeholders in Nigeria emerging web and platform-based businesses, otherwise know as the 'gig economy'. The study focused, specifically, on Uber and Taxify which are the two prominent transport platform networks operations in Nigeria. Samples were drawn from a large population consisting of 22 D&I business executives, 150 D&I operators, 5 industry regulator executives, and 500 service users. Sequel to the data collection, the quantitative data were analysed using SPSS to derive descriptive and regression analysis. This study found that despite changes in the business models of these organisations, particularly the human resource unit, new HR management systems such as the human capital management software for recruitment had also taken a new shape which is more effective and less expensive to organisations. The protection of employees' rights seemed to have been a critical issue leading to ethical concerns. Also, as a result of the 'gig' nature of the industry, it is challenging for organisations to measure the basis for maternity and paternity pay. This research recommends the need for ensuring fairness to all employees, eradicating tribal, age, gender and income discrimination, ensuring that the role of technology does not encroach into the privacy and flexibility of employees but rather to enhance their skills, development and overall competence.


OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of NRHM and to study the clinical profile of babies admitted. METHODOLOGY: A Retrospective descriptive study done in SNCU of Govt. Dharmapuri Medical College from Jan'2011 to Dec'2014. RESULTS: Nurses strength increased from 12 to 33. There was a significant increase in number of equipment's during the study period. Admissions increased from 2350 (2011) to 4552 (2014). About 40% babies were <2.5kg and preterm. The chief causes of admissions in the SNCU in 2014 were RDS (18.1%) Birth Asphyxia (18%), LBW (17.6%) and Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (15.1%). The major causes of death were RDS (40.4%) and Birth Asphyxia (27.5%). Death rate (9.6%), Referral out Rate (1.7%) and LAMA (3.7%) rates decreased and survival rate (85%) increased. CONCLUSION: Impact of NRHM was seen in increasing infrastructure and admissions and decreasing referral out, death rate and LAMA. The survival of Preterm and out born babies needs improvement.


The line feature is divided into two endpoints and line entity in this paper. The error model of independent point has been studied thoroughly, but study on positional uncertainty of endpoint based on line segment is less. Using the theory of probability and statistics and manual digitization tests, we study the positional uncertainty characteristics of manual digitizing endpoints, and we can get the stable distribution of frequency of digitizing endpoints if repeating about eight hundred times. We find the distribution of positional uncertainty of endpoints and two-dimensional normal distribution is not so conformed. The model of positional uncertainty of line feature has been built based on confidence region or probability statistical method. The error-band model of line segment is verified and established by simulation and statistical method in this paper, which shows bigger at endpoints and smaller at line intermediate and the variance is smallest at middle.Carrying out distribution test of points on the line segment, we obtain the distribution of positional uncertainty of points on the line consistent with that of endpoints, and further verify the feasibility of deducing probability model of line feature based on error propagation theory. ∗ Corresponding author.


The (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50X5(X = Al, Co, Cu, P, Pd, Si, Sn, Ta or Ti) alloy ribbons were produced by the melt-spinning technique. All ribbon specimens were confirmed to have a single amorphous phase by XRD analysis. The crystallization temperature of the melt-spun (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50X5(X = Al, P, Pd, Si or Sn) amorphous alloys are higher than that of the (Ni0.6Nb0.4)50Zr50 amorphous alloy (727 K). Although the hydrogen permeability of the (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50X5(X = Si, Sn, Ta or Ti) amorphous alloys could not be measured due to severe embrittlement during the permeation test, the (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50X5(X = Al, Co, Cu, P or Pd) amorphous alloys had high ductility which was enough to measure the permeability. The hydrogen permeabilities of the (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50Co5 and the (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50Cu5 amorphous alloys were 2.46 × 10-8 and 2.34 × 10-8[mol·m-1·s-1·Pa-1/2] at 673 K, respectively. The (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50P5 amorphous alloy possesses the lowest permeability of 1.36 × 10-8[mol·m-1·s-1·Pa-1/2] at 673 K among the alloys where the permeability was measured. The reduction of the permeability in the (Ni0.6Nb0.4)45Zr50P5 amorphous alloy is thought to be due to the preferential formation of Zr-P atomic pairs which may suppress the hydrogen solubility and hydrogen diffusivity in the alloy. Since the heat of mixing for Zr-P atomic pairs is negatively larger than that for other pairs such as Ni-P and Nb-P. It is concluded that the Ni-Nb-Zr-X (X = Co or Cu) amorphous alloys have high potential to hydrogen permeable membranes.


Objective:To compare the anesthetic effect rofemifentanil-propofol and lidocaine in induced abortion.Methods:180 early pregnant women,undergoing induced abortion were randomly allocated into 3 groups,vein injection of remifentanil and propofol as group A;para-cervix block by lidocaine as group B;without any anesthetic intervention as group C.The effect of pain relieves,the rate of PAAS,the dilation of cervix and the volume of bleeding were analyzed.BP,SPO_2,HR,RR,duration of operation,time of recovery,score of pain relief,recovery of direction,score of VSA and side effects were recorded.Results:remifentail-propofol group has the characters of fast effect,significant pain relief,and early recovery,which are better than other two groups.There are no differences of the other parameters in all groups.Conclusions:Remifentail combined with propofol is a reliable anesthesia,suitable for induced abortion,but the patients must be monitored intensely during the operation,slow down the injective speed can prevent the occurrences of respiratory inhibition and bradycardia.


GSMBE grown 1 84 micron wavelength InGaAs/InGaAsP/InP strained quantum well lasers are reported. Lasers with 800 micron long cavity and 40 micron wide planar electrical stripe have been operated under the pulsed regime at room temperature. At 20℃, the threshold current density is 3 8kA/cm 2 and the external different quantum efficiency is 9 3%.


In order to better study the damage effect of nanosecond pulsed laser on PIN photodiodes, a two-dimensional axisymmetric model and heat source model of nanosecond irradiation photodiodes were established according to the theory of heat conduction, and the factors of thermal physical parameters changing with temperature were considered. The finite element COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to simulate the temperature field distribution of PIN photodiodes irradiated by nanosecond pulse lasers. The research results show that the temperature change trend of the target surface under different energy densities is consistent, and there is a phenomenon of energy ac-cumulation. From the center of the irradiation to the edge of the target, the temperature gradually weakens and dis-tributes in a gradient. and the temperature rise rate of the target is directly proportional to the increase in energy density. It is found that the melting damage of the photodiode is reached. The range of energy density is, 144.01mJ/cm2 ~ 175.58 mJ/cm2 , The research results provide a theoretical basis for the research field of laser damage to materials.


In the present study, unsteady flow interaction between an ultra-compact inlet and a transonic fan stage is investigated. Future combat aircraft require ultra-compact inlet ducts as part of an integrated, advanced propulsion system to improve air vehicle capability and effectiveness to meet future mission needs. The main purpose of the study is to advance the current understanding of the flow interaction between two different ultra-compact inlets and a transonic fan for future design applications. Both URANS and LES approaches are used to calculate the unsteady flow field and are compared with the available measured data. The present study indicates that stall inception is mildly affected by the distortion pattern generated by the inlet with the current test set-up. The numerical study indicates that the inlet distortion pattern decays significantly before it reaches the fan face for the current configuration. Numerical results with a shorter distance between the inlet and fan show that counter-rotating vortices near the rotor tip due to the serpentine diffuser affects fan characteristics significantly.